Cassiterite Occurrences in the Shelby Area, 

North and South Carolina 

By John P. D'Agostino and jesse W. Whitlow 

U .. S . G E 0 L 0 G I C A L S U R V E Y B U L L E T I N 1 5 6 9 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1985 
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary 

U.'S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

D' Agostino, John P. 

Cassiterite occurrences in the Shelby area, North Carolina-South Carolina. 

(U.S. Geological Survey bulletin; 1569) 

Bibliography: p. 

Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1569. 

1. Cassiterite-North Carolina-Shelby Region. 

2. Cassiterite-South Carolina-Cowpens Region. 

I. Whitlow, Jesse W. II. Title. III. Series. 

QE75.B9 no. 1569 557.3s [549'.524] 84-600369 

[TN473.N8] 

For sale by the Distribution Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, 

604 South Pickett Street, Alexandria, VA 22304 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 

Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- I 

~:~~~z;;~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ; 

Mode of cassiterite occurrences------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 

Cassiterite in Hawkins Branch------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 

Conclusions--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 

References cited ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 

Appendix------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 o 

ILLUSTRATION 

Page 

FIGURE 1. Map showing cassiterite occurrences in the Shelby area, North Carolina 

and South Carolina-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 

Photographs by Deborah Dwornik 

III 
CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES 

IN THE SHELBY AREA, 

NORTH AND SOUTH CAROLINA 

By jOHN P. D'AGOSTINO and jESSE W. WHITLOW 

ABSTRACT 

Coarse-grained cassiterite was identified and an abundant amount panned in Hawkins 

Branch, 10 km southwest of Shelby, N.C., in September 1978. Since then, coarse-grained 

cassiterite has been found in appreciable quantities in alluvium at 37 stream sites in 

an open-ended zone about 35 km long by 30 km wide southwest of Shelby. Most of the 

zone is between Shelby and Forest City, N.C., and extends southward to the vicinity 

of Cowpens, S.C. Many of the cassiterite sites are streams in the vicinity of Hawkins 

Branch where much prospecting was done. 

The cassiterite grains are mostly 0.16 to 1.0 em in diameter, the largest being 2.5 em. 

Most grains are black or brown, although some are purple-red, gray-green, gray-white, 

and yellow. They are vitreous and either opaque or translucent. Some of the darker 

cassiterite grains are elongated and foliated nodules that seem to be of pretectonic origin 

whereas the light-colored cassiterite grains are about equilateral and undistorted. The 

stream occurrences of coarse cassiterite are associated with the uppermost appearance 

(or highest elevation) of bedrock in the stream course. Cassiterite was not found in samples 

of regolith soils or fresh bedrock. Soils are mostly thin, not exceeding 2 m in thickness. 

Bedrock is mostly Late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic biotite gneiss, muscovite schist, 

and amphibolite with many small masses of granite and Cambrian and Early Ordovician age Toluca Granite and granite of Sandy Mush. The stream-sediment samples were 

taken as a part of the U.S. Geological Survey's CUSMAP (Conterminous United States 

Mineral Appraisal Program) which evaluates the mineral potential in selected 1 ° x 2 ° 

quadrangles. Cassiterite peaks were found in X-ray analysis of several associate 

supergene minerals. 

INTRODUCTION 

Cassiterite was first noticed in Hawkins Branch, Cleveland County, 

N.C., in September 1978 by Jesse W. Whitlow, who was doing reconnaissance stream-sediment sampling for the U.S. Geological Survey 

in the Charlotte 1 o x 2 ° quadrangle. The Charlotte 1 ° x 2 ° quadrangle 

is part ofCUSMAP, the U.S. Geological Survey's Conterminous United 

States Mineral Appraisal Program, which evaluates the mineral potential of selected quadrangles. 

1 
2 CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES IN THE SHELBY AREA 

Hawkins Branch (locally named Meadow Creek) is 3.5 km long and 

is a south-flowing tributary of Beaverdam Creek which flows into First 

Broad River. At midcourse, Hawkins Branch is about 10 km southwest 

of Shelby, N.C., and 16 km north of Gaffney, S.C. It is about 2.5 km 

west of the tin-spodumene zone of the Kings Mountain Belt which lies 

between the Inner Piedmont Belt and Charlotte Belt (Kesler, 1942; 

King, 1955). Although the tin-spodumene zone is reported as part of 

the Kings Mountain Belt and is associated with the Mississippian 

Cherryville Granite, most of the tin mines, prospects, and occurrences 

lie between the Kings Mountain Belt and the Cherryville Granite 

(fig. 1) of the Inner Piedmont Belt. Some of the tin workings, including 

those in a small outlier pluton of Cherryville Granite, are within 2 

km of the western border of the Kings Mountain Belt. The Kings Mountain Belt is composed of Late Proterozoic to Cambrian sericite phyllite 

or sericite schist containing minor beds of marble, quartzite, conglomerate, amphibolite, and manganiferous schist, and a small pluton 

of middle Paleozoic granite (Stuckey, 1965; Goldsmith and others, in 

press). 

HISTORY 

Cassiterite was first found in the city of Kings Mountain, N.C., in 

1881 by Robert T. Claywell. It was identified in 1883 by W. E. Hidden 

or in 1884 by Dr. C. W. Dabney. In 1894, the vertical mine shaft of 

the Kings Mountain Mineral and Development Company struck considerable cassiterite in decomposed rock at 13 m; cassiterite was not 

found, however, in fresh rock, which was worked to a depth of 43 m 

before being abandoned. Graton (1906) listed 36 mines and prospects 

of which the Ross mine and adjacent placer at Gaffney, S.C., worked 

from 1903 until1905, were the major producers of cassiterite. About 

40 tons of cassiterite were produced from the placer, and about 90 tons 

of concentrate averaging 2 percent tin was produced from underground 

mining (Graton, 1906; Kesler, 1942). 

The deepest working was at the Jones mine, which was 11 km northeast of the city of Kings Mountain, N.C., and had a vertical shaft of 

58 m. The last tin mining effort was in 1941 when the Atlas Collapsible Tube Company of Chicago reopened the old Faires mine near the 

city of Kings Mountain (Kesler, 1942). 

A total of 56 tin mines, prospects, and occurrences have been located 

along the western boundary of the Kings Mountain Belt. Fifty-four of 

the workings are in North Carolina; two are in South Carolina. 

Probably all tin diggings are on pegmatites which generally contain 
HISTORY 3 

appreciable amounts of spodumene and beryl. The two workings in 

South Carolina are the Ross mine and adjacent placer and the J. W. 

Perry tin mine at Gaffney. From Gaffney north-northeast for 24 km 

to the North Carolina border, no tin prospects are known though the 

geology is similar to that of the tin-bearing Gaffney area. Extending 

north-northeast 37 km from the North Carolina border are 47 known 

tin mines and prospects, and seven tin occurrences. Production figures 

are lacking, and published sources indicate mines produced only minor 

amounts of cassiterite. 

Prospecting of the pegmatites for spodumene has been successful, 

and since 1951 several million tons of spodumene have been produced 

from a few large open pits. The spodumene-beryl-tin mines and prospects are in a broad zone of huge pegmatites, individually hundreds 

of meters wide, thousands of meters long, and proven by drill cores 

to be more than 100m deep (Stuckey, 1965). The pegmatites are within 

a biotite gneiss and muscovite schist unit of late Proterozoic to early 

Paleozoic age. The pegmatite zone is located between the Kings Mountain Belt of metasedimentary beds and igneous bodies of Late Proterozoic to Paleozoic age on the east and the major plutons, stocks, and 

stringers of the Mississippian Cherryville Granite on the west 

(Goldsmith and others, in press). 

Unlike the cassiterite, which is quite rare and brownish-black and 

brecciated (probably of pretectonic origin), the spodumene is commonly 

in large light-green crystals 15-30 em long and undistorted (probably 

of post-tectonic origin). W. R. Griffitts (1954) stated that the typical 

ore contains 20 percent spodumene, 0.4 percent beryl, and 0.024 percent cassiterite. 

Geochemical surveys of stream sediment samples by Overstreet and 

others (1968) and by Theobald and others (1967) listed tin values for 

stream sediments in the Shelby area. Cassiterite was not identified 

in these studies. The sampling procedure during that work was to use 

a number 80 mesh screen and discard all larger size material, a method 

that failed to recover cassiterite. 

PROCEDURES 

Sieves were not used in this study; all samples, including soils, were 

panned as bulk. Mineral identification of the lag concentrate was by 

microscope, X-ray diffraction, and electronmicroprobe. Sampling of the 

Hawkins Branch areas was done by John P. D'Agostino and Jesse W. 

Whitlow in the summers of 1979 and 1980, and of the area of the 

southwestern Charlotte 1 o x 2 o quadrangle by Jesse W. Whitlow in the 
4 CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES IN THE SHELBY AREA 

summer and fall of 1981. For Hawkins Branch, some of its tributaries, 

and some neighboring streams, the panning sites were spaced from 

stream mouth to stream source so as to locate cassiterite placers. At 

each stream site the material that filled a 14-inch-diameter pan was 

worked; approximately one pan-full equals 0.5 percent of a cubic meter. 

MODE OF CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES 

During the panning for cassiterite in the area southwest of Shelby, 

cassiterite placers were found to occur in discontinuous bodies along 

headwaters of streams. The placers occur in the streams below the point 

where stream banks and bottoms are saprolite and above the point 

where stream banks and bottoms are fresh bedrock. The placers also 

occur where the stream bottoms are on fresh rock and the stream banks 

are saprolite. 

On large-scale topographic maps, most cassiterite placers plot in 

stream valleys in headwater areas having closely spaced contours just 

below widely spaced contours of nearly level interfluvial uplands. 

Cassiterite was found in resampling the stream adjacent to the Ross 

tin mine and placer at Gaffney, S.C., by panning stream sediment in 

the interval between fresh bedrock and saprolite. Cassiterite was not 

found in previous panning attempts when samples were taken 

upstream where the stream is only in saprolite. 

The cassiterite-bearing areas are underlain by bedrock of Late Proterozoic to Cambrian biotite gneiss, muscovite schist, sillimanite schist, 

amphibolite, and minor layers of calc-silicate rock, quartzite and 

metaconglomerate, and many small masses of granite and pegmatite 

(Goldsmith and others, in press). Intrusive into the rocks are numerous 

plutons, stocks, and stringers of Cambrian and Early Ordovician Toluca 

Granite. The Toluca is a massive, medium-gray, gneissic granite in 

which garnet is a common constituent and in which small yellowish 

crystals of monazite are often seen as an accessory mineral. 

CASSITERITE IN HAWKINS BRANCH 

About 15 kg of very coarse to fine-grained cassiterite was taken from 

Hawkins Branch at one stream site during a panning exhibition for 

property owners. The material was taken from a gravel stream bar 
CASSITERITE IN HAWKINS BRANCH 5 

about 10m long, 3m wide, and 8-23 em thick overlying oxidized to 

fresh bedrock. The stream bar consisted mostly of coarse gravels, with 

some cobbles, fine gravels, and sands. 

Most placer cassiterite grains taken from Hawkins Branch are 0.16 

to 1.0 em in diameter, many are about 1.7 em in diameter, and the 

largest are about 2.5 em in diameter. Most grains are black or brown, 

though shades of purple-red, gray-green, gray-white, and honey-yellow 

are also common. In tin mining, the black and brown cassiterite grains 

are known as "black tin," the purple-red as "ruby tin," the honeyyellow as "rosin tin," and the gray-white as "colorless." The grains 

are vitreous, either opaque or translucent. Some of the larger grains 

are agglomerates, composed of small individual grains of different 

shades of color. Many smaller individual grains abruptly show both 

dark and light shades of color without apparent cause. Lighter or white 

cassiterite has been reported to have the least impurities; however, 

only a trace of iron or tungsten can cause a very black color, and arsenic 

can cause a yellow color. Some of the darker cassiterite grains are 

elongated and strongly foliated nodules that may be of pretectonic 

origin. Most of the lighter colored cassiterite appears massive and undistorted, with sides of equal dimensions, and may be of post-tectonic 

origin. 

Most cassiterite grains appear chipped and flaked, especially those 

that are foliated. The susceptibility of the cassiterite grains to flaking 

may help explain their smaller size and their lesser concentration 

downstream from placers; that is, it seems the cassiterite grains 
6 CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES IN THE SHELBY AREA 

' ' 

3500' ~------~~~~--------------~~--~~------~~~~~=-~==~ 

82 00 ' 

0 10 15 20 MILES 

~-----r--~--~----~~----~----~-------~ 

0 10 15 20 KILOMETERS 

FIGURE 1.-Cassiterite occurrences and tin prospects in the Shelby area, North Carolina 

and South Carolina. Also shown are the Inner Piedmont belt of Early(?) Paleozoic 
CASSITERITE IN HAWKINS BRANCH 

DIAGRAM 

A Cassiterite identified in 

concentrate of stream 

alluvium 

e Tin prospects of Kings 

Mountain Belt, North 

Carolina, South 

Carolina 

~ Cherryville Granite 

(Mississippian) 

~ Toluca Granite 

(Early Ordovician ? 

and Cambrian) 

Kings Mountain Belt 

(Paleozoic and 

Late Proterozoic) 

~ Charlotte Belt 

(Paleozoic and 

Late Proterozoic) 

D Inner Piedmont Belt 

(Early Paleozoic and 

Late Proterozoic) 

Modified from Goldsmith and others, in press 

81 ° 00' 

35° 30' 

and Late Proterozoic age, the Kings Mountain belt of Paleozoic and Late Proterozoic age, and the Charlotte belt of Paleozoic and Late Proterozoic age. 

7 
8 CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES IN THE SHELBY AREA 

disintegrate by chipping or flaking during stream transportation. 

Accessory minerals identified in the cassiterite concentrate of 

Hawkins Branch are ilmenite, hornblende, limonite, hematite, 

maghemite, brecciated and crystalline pyrite, garnet, opaque and 

translucent monazite (green, gray, tan, yellow, orange, and brown), 

zircon, rutile, opaque and translucent tourmaline, leucoxene, anatase, 

xenotime, muscovite, sillimanite, kyanite, graphite, gahnite, scheelite, 

corundum, sapphire, and native gold. 

Magnetite is absent, though it ordinarily is about 10 percent by volume of panned concentrates for streams in the Shelby region. A few nodules of strongly magnetic maghemite-hematite-limonite are present. 

Major peak patterns in X-ray diffraction traces identified grains of 

different color as varieties of cassiterite. The procedure also identified 

similar but small peak patterns as a minor cassiterite constituent in 

several accessory minerals of Hawkins Branch. Identified cassiteritebearing minerals were vitreous, opaque brownish-yellow monazite; 

dull, opaque greenish-grayish-tan monazite; translucent, greenishblack tourmaline; small, crystalline pyrite; fresh to slightly oxidized, 

black octahedral maghemite and hematite (probably after magnetite); 

and small, fresh, black to brown blebs of hematite. 

Samples of soils and their panned concentrates and of bedrock from 

the Hawkins Branch drainage area were studied. Cassiterite was not 

seen in any of the panned soil concentrates or in bedrock. Soils are 

mostly thin, less than 2 m deep, and fresh bedrock exposures are common. The soils are mostly quartzitic and micaceous, reddish brown and 

tan, gravelly clayey silts derived from in situ weathering of bedrock. 

Lag surface gravels of maghemite-hematite-limonite nodules appear 

in appreciable quantities on cultivated level-to-gentle barren slopes. 

Accessory minerals in panned concentrates include abundant greenishblack rutile, meager amounts of reddish-brown rutile, black tourmaline, ilmenite, kyanite, sillimanite, graphite; and much green and 

gray monazite with minor amounts of yellow monazite, pink garnet, 

xenotime, zircon, and gahnite. Some of the maghemite-hematitelimonite nodules are highly magnetic; magnetite was not seen. 

Neither cassiterite, greisen, quartz veins, nor open faults were seen 

in the bedrock of the Hawkins Branch drainage area. Bedrock as 

mapped by Goldsmith and others (in press) is Late Proterozoic and Cambrian biotite gneiss, muscovite schist, and sillimanite schist. The 

sillimanite schist underlies the western portion of the drainage basin 

including nearly the entire course of Hawkins Branch. The schist is 

grayish, well layered, garnetiferous, and biotitic. It contains numerous 

concordant, white, micaceous and tourmaline-bearing pegmatitic pods 

and lenses which are about 5-30 em thick and as much as tens of meters 

long. 
REFERENCES CITED 9 

The schists grade into layers of darker grayish gneisses, which 

underlie the eastern portion of Hawkins Branch drainage area. The 

thin and well-layered seams of gneiss are biotitic, garnetiferous, or 

hornblendic. They also contain some pods and lenses of concordant 

pegmatite. Some layers and minerals of the schist and gneiss units 

show strong foliation. In addition to the micas and quartz, other common minerals identified in the bedrock are hornblende, graphite, brown 

and pink garnets, kyanite, and tourmaline; magnetite was not seen. 

The closest known igneous bodies to Hawkins Branch are unmapped 

stringers of Toluca Granite found 1.1 km east and 0.8 km west of 

Hawkins Branch. 

CONCLUSIONS 

Substantial amounts of coarse cassiterite have been found in 

numerous streams in the vicinity of Shelby, N.C., and adjacent South 

Carolina. Further prospecting, especially in headwaters in zones between source and first stream bottom exposures of bedrock, may greatly 

enlarge the known cassiterite-containing area. Such prospecting could 

also locate the saprolite or bedrock sources of the cassiterite and determine the extent and grade of those sources. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Goldsmith, Richard, Milton, D. J., and Horton, J. W., Jr., in press, Geologic Map of the 

Charlotte 1 o x 2 o quardrangle, North Carolina and South Carolina: U.S. Geological 

Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-1251-E, scale 1:250,000. 

Graton, L. C., 1906, Reconnaissance of some gold and tin deposits of the southern Appalachians: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 293, p. 1-57. 

Griffitts, W. R., 1954, Beryllium resources of the tin-spodumene belt, North Carolina: 

U.S. Geological Survey Circular 309, 12 p. 

Kesler, T.L., 1942, The tin-spodumene belt of the Carolinas: U.S. Geological Survey 

Bulletin 936-J, p. 245-269. 

King, P. B., 1955, A geologic section across the southern Appalacians: An outline of 

the geology in the segment in Tennessee, North Carolina, and South Carolina: 

Guides to Southeastern Geology, Geological Society of America, p. 332-373. 

Overstreet, W. C., White, A. M., Whitlow, J. W., Theobald, P. K., Jr., Caldwell, D. W., 

and Cuppels, N. P., 1968, Fluvial monazite deposits in the southeastern United 

States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 568, 85 p. 

Stuckey, J. L., 1965, North Carolina: Its geology and mineral resources: N.C. Department of Conservation and Development, 550 p. 

Theobald, P. K., Overstreet, W. C., and Thompson, C. E., 1967, Minor elements in alluvial 

magnetite from the Inner Piedmont Belt, North and South Carolina: U.S. 

Geological Survey Professional Paper 554-A, 34 p. 
10 CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES IN THE SHELBY AREA 

APPENDIX 

List of cassiterite locations 

Figure 1 shows cassiterite occurrences in alluvium 

at 1:500,000. To locate stream sites that contain 

cassiterite more specifically, detailed location information based on available topographic maps at 1:24,000 

or 1:62,500 is given below. 

Topographic Index Map 

Rutherfordton 

North 

1:24,000 

Rutherfordton 

South 

Sunshine 

Forest City 

Shelby 

1:62,500 

Boiling Springs Blacksburg 

NORTH CAROLINA South North 

r----·-·- -- SOUTH CAROUN-;----- -·- -~--- - • 

Cowpens 

1:62,500 

Gaffney 

Blacksburg 

South 

1:24,000 

In each of the entries that follow, information is given 

in the following order: sample number, geographic 

coordinates, and comments. 
APPENDIX 

Blacksburg North, N.C. -S.C. (1:24,000 scale) 

79-BLN-17, 35°13'37", 81°37'21", lower reach Hawkins 

Branch, 10.2 km southwest of Shelby, N.C., 2.1 km 

south-southwest of Maple Springs Church. 

79-BLN-18, 35°13'18", 81°36'44", southerly flowing tributary of unnamed small creek of north bank of Broad 

River, 10 km southwest of Shelby, N.C., 2.6 km 

south-southeast of Maple Springs Church. 

79-BLN-19, 35°13'17", 81°36'46", southwesterly flowing 

tributary of unnamed small creek of north bank of 

Broad River, 10.3 km south-southwest of Shelby, N.C., 

2.6 km south-southeast of Maple Springs Church. 

79-BLN-20, 35°13'38", 81°37'26", west bank tributary 

of Hawkins Branch, 10.3 km southwest of Shelby, 

N.C., 2.05 km south-southwest of Maple Springs 

Church. 

79-BLN-21; 35°13'32", 81°37'12", east bank tributary of 

lower Hawkins Branch, 10 km south-southwest of 

Shelby, N.C., 2.2 km south of Maple Springs Church. 

CD-560, 35 °13 '54", 81 o 3 7' 15", lower middle Hawkins 

Branch, 10.1 km south-southwest of Shelby, N.C., 1.5 

km south of Maple Springs Church. 

CD-571, 35°14'26", 81°37'01", east bank tributary of 

upper Hawkins Branch, 9.1 km south-southwest of 

Shelby, N.C., 0.5 km south of Maple Springs Church. 

CD-578, 35°14'39", 81°37'02", upper reach Hawkins 

Branch, 8.8 km southsouthwest of Shelby, N.C., 150m 

south of Maple Springs Church. 

Boiling Springs, N.C. -S.C. (1:24,000 scale) 

51-PK-64, 35°10'00", 81°44'46", Ashworth Creek, 2 km 

downstream from source, 7.5 km. northwest of Grassy 

Pond, S.C. 

52-PK-26, 35°10 'OS", 81°38' 27", south flowing tributary 

of north bank of Ross Creek, 4 km northeast of 

Grassy Pond, S.C. 

52-PK-32, 35°08'13", 81°42'20", northeast flowing tributary of south bank of Ross Creek, 3 km due west of 

Grassy Pond, S.C. 

11 
12 CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES IN THE SHELBY AREA 

Boiling Springs, N.C. - S.C. --continued 

52-PK-38, 35°09' 55", 81 °43' 12", Sarratt Creek, 1.6 km 

downstream from source, 5.5 km northwest of Grassy 

Pond, S.c. 

79-BSS-5, 35°13'24", 81°37'58", Yancy Creek, 1.8 km 

downstream from source, 3 km southeast of Boiling 

Springs, N.C. 

79-BSS-6, 35°14'50", 81°41'29", east bank tributary of 

Sandy Run, 3.7 km, southeast of Boiling Springs, N.C. 

79-BSS-7, 35°13'43", 81°37'58", south bank tributary of 

Poplar Branch, near Beaverdam Creek, 3.7 km southeast 

of Boiling Springs, N.C. 

79-BS~-8, 35°13'45", 81°35'57", Popular Branch near 

juncture into Beaver dam Creek, 3.6 km southeast of 

Boiling Springs, N.C. 

79-BSS-9, 35°13'49", 81°37'46", east bank tributary of 

Beaverdam Creek, 3.9 km southeast of Boiling Springs, 

N.C. 

79-BSS-10, 35°13'00", 81°40'26", Jolly Branch, 1.6 km 

downstream from source, 3.4 km due south of Boiling 

Springs, N.c. 

Forest City, N.C. (1:24,000 scale) 

81-JW-20, 35°15'17", 81°47'46", lower course Hogpen 

Branch, 10.5 km southeast of Forest City, 0.3 km 

south of Henritta. 

81-JW-24, 35°16'47", 81°52'23", lower course Bracketts 

Creek, 6 km south of Forest City, 2.8 km westsouthwest of Sandy Mush 

81-JW-25, 35°16'36", 81°51'30", unnamed stream east 

side of Floyds Creek, 6.2 km south of Forest City, 

1.8 km southwest of Sandy Mush, 1 km east of 

Bracketts Creek. 

81-JW-26, 35°16'37", 81°51'25", east side tributary of 

unnamed stream east side of Floyds Creek, 6.2 km 

south of Forest City, 1.8 km southsouthwest of Sandy 

Mush, 1.3 km east of Bracketts Creek. 
APPENDIX 

Rutherfordton South, N.C. (1:24,000 scale) 

81-JW-2, 35°15'59", 81°54'51", west bank trib of 

Richardson Creek, 8.6 km southwest of Forest City, 

4.6 km southeast of Shiloh. 

81-JW-3, 35°16'02", 81°54'46", middle course of 

Richardson Creek, 8 km southwest of Forest City, 

4.6 km southeast of Shiloh. 

81-JW-5, 35°15'09", 81 °56' 54", south flowing trib on 

east bank of Jarretts Creek, 11.7 km southwest of 

Forest City, 5.5 km due south of Shiloh. 

81-JW-22, 35°17'38", 81°53'13", west bank trib of Floyds 

Creek·, 9.9 km south-southwest of Forest City, 1 km 

due east of Danieltown. 

Gaffney, S.C. (1:24,000 scale) 

CO-below Ross tin mine placer, 35°05'17", 81°37'41", 

2.5 km northeast of downtown Gaffney, 100 m downstream from old placer workings and north of mine 

shafts. 

Cowpens, S.C. - N.C. (1:62,500 scale) 

81-JW-8, 35°14'08", 81°53'52", south flowing trib on 

east bank of Dills Creek, 2.4 km west~southwest of 

Harris, N.C. 

81-JW-9, 35°14'33", 81°53'03", west bank trib of 

Richardson Creek, 0.9 km west of Harris, N.C. 

81-JW-11, 35°14'33", 81°49'53", Goodes Creek, 1.8 km 

downstream from source, 4 km due east of Harris, 

N.c. 

81-JW-12, 35°14'26", 81°49'56", west bank trib of 

Goodes Creek, 3.8 km due east of Harris, N.c. 

81-JW-13, 35°13'52", 81°50'06", west bank trib of Goodes 

Creek, 3.7 km east-southeast of Harris, N.C. 

81-JW-14, 35°13'17", 81°51'11", south flowing trib on 

northeast bank of Floyds Creek, 3 km south-southeast 

of Harris, N.C. 

13 
14 CASSITERITE OCCURRENCES IN THE SHELBY AREA 

Cowpens, S.C. - N.C. --continued 

81-JW-15, 35°13'17", 81°49'45", lower course Goodes 

Creek, 4.7 km southeast of Harris, N.C. 

81-JW-16, 35°13'19", 81°49'38", very short trib on east 

side of lower course Goodes Creek, 4.9 km southeast 

of Harris, N.C. 

81-JW-31, 35°01'38", 81°45'04", middle course Little 

Thicketty Creek, 5 km east-northeast of Cowpens, S.C. 

Shelby, N.C. (1:62,500 scale) 

79-SHY-6, 35°16'12", 81°35'22", northeast flowing tributary on west bank of First Broad River, 5 km southwest of Shelby. 

79-SHY-7, 35°15'37", 81°36'4", Sugar Branch, 2 km downstream from source, 8 km southwest of Shelby. 

79-SHY-10, 35°16'00", 81°43'32", east-southeast flowing 

tributary on west bank of Grong Creek, 18 km westsouthwest of Shelby, N.C.