### ref2012.d121011b 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Report Annual Energy Outlook 2012 Early Release Scenario ref2012 Reference case Datekey d121011b Release Date January 2012



### 2. Energy Consumption by Sector and Source (quadrillion Btu, unless otherwise noted)

Sector and Source 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Residential Liquefied Petroleum Gases 0.51 0.56 0.54 0.54 0.52 0.52 0.51 Kerosene 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 Distillate Fuel Oil 0.60 0.63 0.62 0.62 0.58 0.56 0.55 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 1.14 1.22 1.19 1.19 1.13 1.11 1.08 Natural Gas 4.90 5.06 5.05 5.17 4.99 5.00 4.99 Coal 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Renewable Energy 1/ 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.43 Electricity 4.66 4.95 4.94 4.84 4.79 4.79 4.79 Delivered Energy 11.13 11.66 11.61 11.65 11.34 11.33 11.30 Electricity Related Losses 9.80 10.39 10.45 10.07 9.86 9.75 9.68 Total 20.93 22.05 22.06 21.72 21.21 21.08 20.98

Commercial Liquefied Petroleum Gases 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 Motor Gasoline 2/ 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Kerosene 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Distillate Fuel Oil 0.41 0.43 0.42 0.36 0.35 0.36 0.35 Residual Fuel Oil 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 0.68 0.72 0.70 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.62 Natural Gas 3.20 3.29 3.31 3.40 3.36 3.39 3.41 Coal 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Renewable Energy 3/ 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 Electricity 4.46 4.54 4.55 4.52 4.55 4.59 4.63 Delivered Energy 8.51 8.71 8.72 8.74 8.71 8.77 8.84 Electricity Related Losses 9.39 9.52 9.63 9.42 9.37 9.34 9.35 Total 17.90 18.22 18.35 18.16 18.07 18.11 18.19

Industrial 4 / Liquefied Petroleum Gases 2.00 2.00 1.99 1.80 1.81 1.85 1.88 Motor Gasoline 2/ 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.28 Distillate Fuel Oil 1.11 1.16 1.18 1.12 1.13 1.16 1.18 Residual Fuel Oil 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 Petrochemical Feedstocks 0.90 0.94 0.90 0.91 0.95 0.99 1.04 Other Petroleum 5/ 3.57 3.59 3.56 3.25 3.31 3.40 3.46 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 7.93 8.05 7.98 7.42 7.52 7.76 7.92 Natural Gas 6.32 6.77 6.95 6.86 6.94 7.07 7.14 Natural-Gas-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lease and Plant Fuel 6/ 1.31 1.37 1.45 1.50 1.43 1.41 1.42 Natural Gas Subtotal 7.63 8.14 8.40 8.36 8.36 8.48 8.57 Metallurgical Coal 0.40 0.55 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.54 Other Industrial Coal 0.94 1.01 1.02 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.98 Coal-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Net Coal Coke Imports -0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 Coal Subtotal 1.32 1.56 1.66 1.55 1.54 1.53 1.52Biofuels Heat and Coproducts 0.82 0.84 0.93 0.73 0.78 0.80 0.81 Renewable Energy 7/ 1.37 1.50 1.45 1.43 1.50 1.53 1.56 Electricity 3.13 3.28 3.33 3.27 3.31 3.38 3.42 Delivered Energy 22.20 23.37 23.76 22.75 23.01 23.48 23.79 Electricity Related Losses 6.59 6.89 7.05 6.81 6.81 6.87 6.91 Total 28.79 30.26 30.81 29.55 29.82 30.35 30.70

Transportation Liquefied Petroleum Gases 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 E85 8/ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Motor Gasoline 2/ 16.84 16.91 16.47 16.50 16.42 16.35 16.27 Jet Fuel 9/ 2.98 3.07 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.04 Distillate Fuel Oil 10/ 5.53 5.77 5.90 5.96 6.22 6.41 6.53 Residual Fuel Oil 0.81 0.90 0.78 0.85 0.88 0.91 0.91 Other Petroleum 11/ 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.17 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 26.36 26.88 26.38 26.54 26.75 26.91 26.96 Pipeline Fuel Natural Gas 0.61 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.69 Compressed Natural Gas 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 Liquid Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Electricity 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 Delivered Energy 27.03 27.59 27.11 27.32 27.50 27.67 27.73 Electricity Related Losses 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Total 27.08 27.63 27.16 27.37 27.55 27.72 27.79

Delivered Energy Consumption, All Sectors Liquefied Petroleum Gases 2.68 2.75 2.73 2.53 2.51 2.54 2.57 E85 8/ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Motor Gasoline 2/ 17.13 17.21 16.76 16.79 16.72 16.66 16.60 Jet Fuel 9/ 2.98 3.07 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.04 Kerosene 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 Distillate Fuel Oil 7.65 7.99 8.12 8.06 8.28 8.49 8.61 Residual Fuel Oil 0.99 1.11 0.97 1.03 1.05 1.07 1.07 Petrochemical Feedstocks 0.90 0.94 0.90 0.91 0.95 0.99 1.04 Other Petroleum 12/ 3.72 3.76 3.72 3.41 3.47 3.56 3.62 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 36.10 36.87 36.25 35.79 36.03 36.39 36.58 Natural Gas 14.46 15.15 15.35 15.47 15.34 15.52 15.61 Natural-Gas-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lease and Plant Fuel 6/ 1.31 1.37 1.45 1.50 1.43 1.41 1.42 Pipeline Natural Gas 0.61 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.69 Natural Gas Subtotal 16.38 17.17 17.47 17.68 17.44 17.61 17.72 Metallurgical Coal 0.40 0.55 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.54 Other Coal 1.01 1.08 1.09 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 Coal-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Net Coal Coke Imports -0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 Coal Subtotal 1.39 1.62 1.73 1.61 1.60 1.60 1.58 Biofuels Heat and Coproducts 0.82 0.84 0.93 0.73 0.78 0.80 0.81 Renewable Energy 13/ 1.91 2.03 1.99 1.99 2.04 2.06 2.09 Liquid Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Electricity 12.27 12.79 12.84 12.65 12.68 12.79 12.88 Delivered Energy 68.87 71.33 71.21 70.45 70.56 71.25 71.66 Electricity Related Losses 25.83 26.84 27.17 26.35 26.09 26.01 26.00 Total 94.70 98.16 98.38 96.80 96.66 97.26 97.66

Electric Power 14/ Distillate Fuel Oil 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 Residual Fuel Oil 0.30 0.28 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 0.39 0.38 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.31 Natural Gas 7.04 7.54 7.68 7.99 7.63 7.96 8.27 Steam Coal 18.23 19.13 18.88 17.66 17.37 16.81 16.42Nuclear / Uranium 15/ 8.36 8.44 8.22 8.36 8.51 8.64 8.68 Renewable Energy 16/ 3.77 3.85 4.60 4.37 4.63 4.77 4.89 Electricity Imports 0.12 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.10 Total 17 / 38.10 39.63 40.02 39.00 38.77 38.80 38.88

Total Energy Consumption Liquefied Petroleum Gases 2.68 2.75 2.73 2.53 2.51 2.54 2.57 E85 8/ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Motor Gasoline 2/ 17.13 17.21 16.76 16.79 16.72 16.66 16.60 Jet Fuel 9/ 2.98 3.07 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.02 3.04 Kerosene 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 Distillate Fuel Oil 7.74 8.08 8.22 8.16 8.37 8.58 8.70 Residual Fuel Oil 1.29 1.39 1.18 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.29 Petrochemical Feedstocks 0.90 0.94 0.90 0.91 0.95 0.99 1.04 Other Petroleum 12/ 3.72 3.76 3.72 3.41 3.47 3.56 3.62 Liquid Fuels Subtotal 36.49 37.25 36.57 36.11 36.34 36.70 36.89 Natural Gas 21.50 22.69 23.02 23.47 22.97 23.48 23.88 Natural-Gas-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lease and Plant Fuel 6/ 1.31 1.37 1.45 1.50 1.43 1.41 1.42 Pipeline Natural Gas 0.61 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.69 Natural Gas Subtotal 23.42 24.71 25.14 25.67 25.07 25.57 25.99 Metallurgical Coal 0.40 0.55 0.62 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.54 Other Coal 19.23 20.21 19.96 18.68 18.40 17.85 17.47 Coal-to-Liquids Heat and Power 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Net Coal Coke Imports -0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 Coal Subtotal 19.62 20.76 20.60 19.27 18.97 18.41 18.01 Nuclear / Uranium 15/ 8.36 8.44 8.22 8.36 8.51 8.64 8.68 Biofuels Heat and Coproducts 0.82 0.84 0.93 0.73 0.78 0.80 0.81 Renewable Energy 18/ 5.68 5.88 6.59 6.36 6.67 6.83 6.98 Liquid Hydrogen 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Electricity Imports 0.12 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.10 Total 94.70 98.16 98.38 96.80 96.66 97.26 97.66

Energy Use & Related Statistics Delivered Energy Use 68.87 71.33 71.21 70.45 70.56 71.25 71.66 Total Energy Use 94.70 98.16 98.38 96.80 96.66 97.26 97.66 Ethanol Consumed in Motor Gasoline and E85 0.96 1.11 1.19 1.19 1.22 1.22 1.23 Population (millions) 307.84 310.83 313.84 316.88 319.94 323.04 326.16 US GDP (billion 2005 dollars) 12703 13088 13291 13572 13916 14398 14870 Carbon Dioxide Em issions (million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent) 5424.8 5633.6 5633.6 5509.5 5458.3 5446.6 5433.7

1/ Includes wood used for residential heating. See Table 4 and/or Table 17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy con sumption for geothermal heat pumps, solar thermal water heating, and electricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaic sources. 2/ Includes ethanol (blends of 10 percent or less) and ethers blended into gasoline. 3/ Excludes ethanol. Includes commercial sector consumption of wood and wood waste, landfill gas, municipal waste, and othe r biomass for combined heat and power. See Table 5 and/or Table 17 for estimates of nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for solar therm al water heating and electricity generation from wind and solar photovoltaic sources. 4/ Includes energy for combined heat and power plants, except those whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electr icity and heat, to the public. 5/ Includes petroleum coke, asphalt, road oil, lubricants, still gas, and miscellaneous petroleum products. 6/ Represents natural gas used in well, field, and lease operations, and in natural gas processing plant machinery. 7/ Includes consumption of energy produced from hydroelectric, wood and wood waste, municipal waste, and other biomass sourc es. Excludes ethanol blends (10 percent or less) in motor gasoline. 8/ E85 refers to a blend of 85 percent ethanol (renewable) and 15 percent motor gasoline (nonrenewable). To address cold st arting issues, the percentage of ethanol varies seasonally. The annual average ethanol content of 74 percent is used for this forecast. 9/ Includes only kerosene type. 10/ Diesel fuel for on- and off- road use. 11/ Includes aviation gasoline and lubricants. 12/ Includes unfinished oils, natural gasoline, motor gasoline blending components, aviation gasoline, lubricants, still gas , asphalt, road oil, petroleum coke, and miscellaneous petroleum products. 13/ Includes electricity generated for sale to the grid and for own use from renewable sources, and non-electric energy from renewable sources.Excludes ethanol and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings photovoltaic systems, and so lar thermal water heaters. 14/ Includes consumption of energy by electricity-only and combined heat and power plants whose primary business is to sell electricity, or electricity and heat, to the public. Includes small power producers and exempt wholesale generators. 15/ These values represent the energy obtained from uranium when it is used in light water reactors. The total energy conte nt of uranium is much larger, but alternative processes are required to take advantage of it. 16/ Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, pho tovoltaic, and solar thermal sources. Excludes net electricity imports. 17/ Includes non-biogenic municipal waste not included above. 18/ Includes conventional hydroelectric, geothermal, wood and wood waste, biogenic municipal waste, other biomass, wind, photovoltaic, and solar thermal sources. Excludes ethanol, net electricity imports, and nonmarketed renewable energy consumption for geothermal heat pumps, buildings photovoltaic systems, and solar thermal water heaters. Btu = British thermal unit. - - = Not applicable. Note: Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. Data for 2009 and 2010 are model results and may differ slightly from official EIA data reports. Sources: 2009 and 2010 consumption based on: U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), Annual Energy Review 2010, DOE/ EIA-0384(2010) (Washington, DC, October 2011). 2009 and 2010 population and gross domestic product: IHS Global Insight Industry and Employme nt models, August 2011. 2009 and 2010 carbon dioxide emissions: EIA, Monthly Energy Review, October 2011, DOE/EIA-0035(2011/10) (Washington, DC, October 2011). Projections: EIA, AEO2012 National Energy Modeling System run ref2012.d121011b.