UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 21-4118

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff – Appellee,

v.

JYMERE ALAN PRATT,

Defendant – Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia, at 

Charleston. Irene C. Berger, District Judge. (2:20-cr-00049-1)

Submitted: January 28, 2022 Decided: February 14, 2022

Before RICHARDSON, RUSHING, and HEYTENS, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Wesley P. Page, Federal Public Defender, Jonathan D. Byrne, Appellate 

Counsel, Rhett H. Johnson, Assistant Federal Public Defender, OFFICE OF THE 

FEDERAL PUBLIC DEFENDER, Charleston, West Virginia, for Appellant. Lisa G. 

Johnston, Acting United States Attorney, Jeremy B. Wolfe, Assistant United States 

Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Charleston, West Virginia, 

for Appellee.
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PER CURIAM:

Jymere Alan Pratt was charged with being a felon in possession of a firearm in 

violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g)(1) and 924(a)(2). At the time of the indictment, Pratt was 

in state custody at the South Central Regional Jail for unrelated charges. The United States 

lodged a detainer. On January 8, 2020, a West Virginia court imposed Pratt’s state 

sentence. Pratt made his initial appearance in federal court on January 16 and elected to 

remain in federal custody during the pendency of the federal charge. But on January 30—

the day before Pratt’s federal plea hearing—state officials moved Pratt to a different state 

correctional facility to begin serving his state sentence. Federal marshals returned Pratt to 

federal custody on January 31.

The parties agree that Pratt’s January 30 transfer violated the anti-shuttling 

provision of the Interstate Agreement on Detainers (IAD). See 18 U.S.C. app. 2, § 2, art. 

IV(e). The federal government and most States, including West Virginia, are signatories 

to the IAD, which establishes procedures for resolving one jurisdiction’s outstanding 

charges against a prisoner of another jurisdiction. See New York v. Hill, 528 U.S. 110, 111 

(2000). The IAD’s anti-shuttling provision “generally requires the indicting jurisdiction 

(here, the federal government) to retain custody . . . of a prisoner” from the time it files a 

detainer until it disposes of his charges. United States v. Peterson, 945 F.3d 144, 149 (4th 

Cir. 2019) (citing 18 U.S.C. app. 2, § 2, art. IV(e)).

The penalty for violating the anti-shuttling provision is dismissal of the indictment. 

18 U.S.C. app. 2, § 2, art. IV(e). When, as here, the United States is the indicting

jurisdiction, a district court has discretion to do so with or without prejudice. Id. § 9(1). 
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The statute provides three non-exhaustive factors for the court to consider when exercising 

that discretion: (1) “[t]he seriousness of the offense”; (2) “the facts and circumstances of 

the case which led to the dismissal”; and (3) “the impact of a reprosecution on the 

administration of the agreement on detainers and on the administration of justice.” Id.

The district court dismissed Pratt’s indictment without prejudice. The United States 

then obtained a new indictment and Pratt pleaded guilty, reserving his right to appeal the 

district court’s dismissal ruling. Pratt’s sole argument on appeal is that the district court 

abused its discretion in finding the statutory factors favored dismissal without prejudice. 

See Peterson, 945 F.3d at 151 (“[T]he decision to dismiss with or without prejudice is 

committed to the trial court’s discretion twice over.”).

The district court considered all three statutory factors, and Pratt has not identified 

any abuse of discretion in the court’s evaluation or weighing of those factors. Regarding 

the seriousness of the offense, Pratt was charged with being a felon in possession of a 

firearm, with a maximum sentence of ten years in prison. See United States v. Williams, 

576 F.3d 1149, 1158 (10th Cir. 2009) (finding Section 922(g) offense “serious”); United 

States v. McKinney, 395 F.3d 837, 841 (8th Cir. 2005) (same); United States v. Carnes, 

309 F.3d 950, 957 (6th Cir. 2002) (same).

As for the facts and circumstances of the case, Pratt was removed from federal 

custody for one day because of an administrative mistake. See United States v. Kelley, 402 

F.3d 39, 42 (1st Cir. 2005) (explaining it is “entirely appropriate” to consider the 

circumstances of the violation, including its “de minimis” nature, when evaluating whether 

to dismiss an indictment with or without prejudice). The district court found that the error 
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leading to the IAD violation was inadvertent, a finding that Pratt does not contest. Pratt 

claims to have identified one or two other violations of the IAD in the relevant district in 

the past two years, but the district court reasonably determined that those cases did not 

establish a pattern of violations.

Finally, concerning the impact of reprosecution, the district court found that Pratt 

would not be prejudiced or unduly burdened by dismissal without prejudice because he 

was ready to enter a guilty plea before the untimely transfer and the parties had all the 

information necessary to promptly file and plead to a second indictment. Pratt has made 

no showing that the transfer interrupted any educational or rehabilitative programming he 

was receiving. See Peterson, 945 F.3d at 153 (considering the impact on receipt of 

rehabilitative services and defendant’s speedy trial rights).

Accordingly, Pratt has not shown that the district court abused its discretion in 

dismissing his first indictment without prejudice.

AFFIRMED