This is some 
State ESEA Title I Participation 

Information for 2002-03

Beth Sinclair, Westat

Rockville, Md.

Prepared for: 

U.S. Department of Education

Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development

and

Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

2006
This report was prepared for the U.S. Department of Education under Contract No. ED-01-CO-0082/0002 with 

Westat. Jessica Hausman served as the contracting officer’s representative. The views expressed herein do not 

necessarily represent the positions or policies of the Department of Education. 

U.S. Department of Education

Margaret Spellings

Secretary

Office of Planning, Evaluation and

Policy Development Office of Elementary and Secondary Education

Tom Luce Henry Johnson

Assistant Secretary Assistant Secretary

Policy and Program Studies Service Student Achievement and School 

Alan Ginsburg Accountability Programs

Director Jackie Jackson

Director

August 2006

This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted. While permission to 

reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, 

Evaluation and Policy Development and Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, State ESEA Title I 

Participation Information for 2002-03, Washington, D.C., 2006. 

To order copies of this report,

call in your request toll-free: 1-877-433-7827 (1-877-4-ED-PUBS). If 877 service is not yet available in your area, 

call 1-800-872-5327 (1-800-USA-LEARN). Those who use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) or a 

teletypewriter (TTY) should call 1-800-437-0833; or

order online at: www.edpubs.org; or

e-mail your request to: edpubs@inet.ed.gov; or

write to: ED Pubs, Education Publications Center, U.S. Department of Education, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 

20794-1398; or 

fax your request to: (301) 470-1244.

This report is available on the Department’s Web site at: 

http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/opepd/ppss/reports.html#title.

On request, this publication is also available in alternative formats, such as Braille, large print or computer diskette. 

For more information, please contact the Department’s Alternate Format Center at (202) 260-9895 or (202) 205-8113.
Page iii

Contents

Page

List of Figures......................................................................................................................................... v

List of Tables ........................................................................................................................................ vii

Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................... ix

Introduction to the Report ........................................................................................................................ 1

Title I School Information........................................................................................................................ 2

Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools.......................................... 3

Schools Identified for Improvement .......................................................................................................... 4

Title I Student Participation ..................................................................................................................... 5

Overall Participation Patterns...................................................................................................... 5

Grade-Level Participation............................................................................................................ 5

Racial and Ethnic Classification .................................................................................................. 6

Special Populations Served by Title I....................................................................................................... 7

Services Supported by Title I................................................................................................................... 7

Instructional Services .................................................................................................................. 7

Other Support Services................................................................................................................ 8

Title I TAS Staffing Patterns ................................................................................................................... 8

Page v

Figures

Page

Figure 1 Title I Grants to LEAs Appropriation Information, 1965-66 through 2005-06

(In 2005 Constant Dollars)................................................................................................. 2

Figure 2 Number of Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) 

Schools, 1993-94 through 2002-03..................................................................................... 3

Figure 3 Number and Percentage of Title I Schools Identified for Improvement, 2001-02 

and 2002-03 ...................................................................................................................... 4

Figure 4 Title I Grants to LEAs Program—Total Participation, 1979-80 through 2002-03................ 5

Figure 5 Title I Participation, by Grade Span, 2002-03 .................................................................... 5

Figure 6 Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification, 2002-03 ....................................... 6

Figure 7 Percentage of Total Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification, 

1979-80 through 2002-03 .................................................................................................. 6

Figure 8 Services Provided to Title I TAS Students, 2001-02 and 2002-03 ....................................... 7

Figure 9 Title I FTE Teachers and Teacher Aides in TAS Schools, 1979-80 through 2002-03 .......... 8

Figure 10 Title I FTE Staff in TAS Schools, by Classification, 2002-03............................................. 8

Page vii

Tables

Page

Table 1 Number and Percentage of Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide 

Program (SWP) Schools, by State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03 ............................ 9

Table 2 Participating Title I Schools Identified for School Improvement, by State or 

Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03 ................................................................................... 10

Table 3 Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or 

Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03.............. 11

Table 4 Title I Participation, Public, Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D), and

Total, 1979-80 through 2002-03 ...................................................................................... 13

Table 5 Title I Participants, by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS), 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or 

D), and Total, 2001-02 and 2002-03 ................................................................................ 14

Table 6 Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) School Participants, by Racial and Ethnic 

Classification and State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03 .......................................... 15

Table 7 Number and Percentage of Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification, 

1979-80 through 2002-03 ................................................................................................ 17

Table 8 Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Title I Participants with Disabilities, by State or 

Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03 ................................................................................... 18

Table 9 Number and Percentage of Total Title I Participants with Limited English 

Proficiency (LEP), by State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03 .................................... 19

Table 10 Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Title I Participants Classified as Migrant, by State or 

Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03 ................................................................................... 20

Table 11 Total Title I Participants, by Service Area, in Public Targeted Assistance Schools 

(TAS), 2001-02 and 2002-03........................................................................................... 21

Table 12 Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) TAS Staff, by State or Jurisdiction, 

2001-02 and 2002-03....................................................................................................... 22

Table 13 Title I Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Teachers and Teacher Aides, 1979-80 through 

2002-03........................................................................................................................... 24

Page ix

Acknowledgments

We wish to thank the many individuals who contributed to the completion of this report. 

Particularly helpful were several individuals at the U.S. Department of Education. Joseph McCrary and 

Jessica Hausman of the Policy and Program Studies Service served as project officers for this study and 

provided invaluable substantive guidance and support for both the 2002-03 data collection and the 

production of this report. Charles Laster and Mary Moran of the Office of Student Achievement and 

School Accountability Programs Group worked with the Title I coordinators in the states to obtain all of 

the necessary Consolidated State Performance Report (CSPR) data and provided us with useful comments 

and suggestions as we developed this report.

We are also grateful to the Title I coordinators in each state for their cooperation and assistance in 

verifying the information submitted on the CSPR for 2002-03.

Westat staff members Julie Daft and Saunders Freeland deserve special recognition; Daft for 

contacting the state Title I coordinators and Freeland for her expert typing of this report.

Page 1

Introduction to the Report

The State ESEA1 Title I Participation Summary Report for 2002-03 summarizes the participation data for the 

Title I, Part A, Grants to Local Education Agencies (LEAs) program. This program financially assists eligible 

school districts and schools in providing opportunities for at-risk children to acquire the necessary knowledge 

and skills to meet challenging state content and achievement standards. The Part A program can serve children 

from preschool to high school and provides supplemental services to many special populations, including 

children with disabilities, students with limited English proficiency (LEP), and migrant children. This program 

also provides services to eligible children in nonpublic schools and in local institutions serving neglected or 

delinquent students and offers other support services, such as family literacy services. 

This report provides Title I participation data for 2002-03, the first year the No Child Left Behind Act of 

2001 (NCLB) was implemented. The report also presents comparisons with 2001-02 and previous years that 

were covered by prior laws, including the Improving America’s Schools Act of 1994 (IASA). Topics include 

districts, schools and students served, the range of instructional and support services provided, Title I 

staffing patterns, and schools’ progress toward meeting performance standards, as reported by states on 

Parts I and II of the Consolidated State Performance Reports (CSPR). The tables shown in this report 

reflect data submitted by the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and 

Puerto Rico. State-by-state tables follow the text. This report supplements the information provided in the 

2002-03 NCLB Annual Report transmitted to Congress in 2005. 

The quality and timeliness of the state-submitted data continue to be an issue. Part I of the CSPR was 

due from the states to the U.S. Department of Education (Department) in December 2003, and Part II was 

due June 2004; however, not all states met these deadlines. As of February 2006, three states (Rhode Island, 

Vermont, and Wyoming) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs had not yet submitted 2002-03 Title I 

participation figures from Part II and as a result, the state-level tables at the end of this report show blank 

cells for these states. In addition, the state reports, once submitted, were often incomplete or included 

apparent errors and inconsistencies that required repeated follow-up calls to states. The problem of 

incomplete data is greatest when there are changes to the data collection instrument from one year to the 

next. There are, however, some instances in which states are unable to provide some of the required 

information even though the data collection instrument has not changed from the previous year. The 

Department continues to work with states to improve both the quality and timeliness of their submissions. 

Further, the Department’s Education Data Exchange Network (EDEN) and its EDFacts reporting system is 

intended to improve data quality and reporting in future years.

As part of the verification process, states could and did revise information submitted for 2002-03 as well as 

information submitted for earlier years. As a result of these revisions, some of the information shown in this 

report for years prior to 2002-03 differs from previously published figures. Additionally, a number of tables 

from previous reports are not in the 2002-03 report because of changes in the CSPR for 2002-03. 

Specifically, tables showing the number of Title I schools by poverty level, LEAs identified for 

improvement, schools meeting state criteria for adequate yearly progress (AYP), LEAs providing family 

literacy services, and extended time instructional programs were eliminated.

 

1 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the Improving America’s Schools Act, Pub. L. No. 

103-382, 108 Stat. 3518, et. seq. (1994). This act was further amended by the No Child Left Behind Act, Pub. L. No. 107-110, 

20 U.S.C. § 6301 (2002) (enacted Jan. 8, 2002).
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 2

The 2002-03 achievement results will be reported separately in State Education Indicators with a Focus on 

Title I 2002-03. Refer to the Department’s Web site at 

http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/opepd/ppss/reports.html#title.

Title I School Information

The Title I, Part A, Grants to LEAs program represents the single largest investment in elementary and 

secondary education by the federal government. This program was funded at $10.4 billion in FY 2002, 

which was primarily intended for use during the 2002-03 school year; two years later, in FY 2005, 

total appropriations had risen to $12.3 billion. This program represents almost half (48 percent) of federal 

funds appropriated to 

support elementary and 

secondary education. When 

shown in constant dollars, 

funding for the Title I 

Grants to LEAs program 

has risen steadily since the 

mid-1980s. The funding 

increases were particularly 

dramatic over the most 

recent five years (2001-02 

through 2005-06). (See 

Figure 1.)

For 2002-03, Title I funds 

were allocated through four 

funding formulas—Basic 

Grants and Concentration 

Grants, as well as Targeted 

and Education Finance 

Incentive Grants. At $7.2 

billion for 2002-03, Basic 

Grants represented the largest of the four funding streams. Basic Grants provide funds for school districts 

with at least 10 federal formula-eligible children, ages 5-17, who make up more than 2 percent of a district’s 

overall enrollment. Concentration Grants amounted to $1.4 billion in 2002-03 and go to districts in which 

the number of formula-eligible children exceeds 6,500 or 15 percent of the district enrollment. 

The Targeted Grants formula allocates funds using a weighting system that provides more funding per 

formula-eligible child to districts with higher numbers or percentages of children. To qualify, a district must 

have at least 10 formula-eligible children and the number of these children must be at least 5 percent of the 

district’s school-age population. For 2002-03, the Targeted Grants program was funded at $1 million. The 

Education Finance Incentive Grants formula is similar to Targeted Grants but also incorporates two statelevel factors that measure (1) the state’s effort to provide financial support for education compared with its 

relative wealth as measured by its per capita income (fiscal effort factor) and (2) the degree to which 

education expenditures among school districts within a state are equalized (equity factor). This program was 

funded at $0.8 million for 2002-03.

Figure 1

Title I Grants to LEAs Appropriation Information, 

1965-66 through 2005-06

(In 2005 Constant Dollars)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1966 1970 1985 1995 2005

$ in billions

66 70 75 80 85 90 95 00

Year

05
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 3

Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools

The Title I Grants to 

LEAs program provided 

services to students in 

more than 52,000 schools 

in 2002-03. Schools are 

eligible for Title I 

assistance if their poverty 

rate is at least equal to the 

districtwide average or is at 

least 35 percent; however, 

districts may choose to 

target their Title I funds to 

schools with higher poverty 

levels. While the statute 

provides several options for 

measuring school poverty 

levels, most districts use 

the percentage of students 

eligible for free or reducedprice lunches as their

measure.

Schools may use their Title I grants to serve students in either a targeted assistance or schoolwide program 

setting. Targeted assistance schools use Title I funds to serve individual students with the lowest 

achievement levels as determined by performance on state assessments, whereas schoolwide program 

schools may use Title I funds more flexibly, in combination with other federal, state, and local funds, to 

improve their educational programs as a whole. In 2002-03, schools were eligible to operate as schoolwide 

programs if their poverty rate was at least 40 percent; the eligibility threshold for a school to operate as a 

schoolwide program has been lowered repeatedly over time, from a high of 75 percent prior to 1994-95. 

In 2002-03, the 28,162 schoolwide programs represented 54 percent of all Title I schools; this number 

has been rising steadily since 1996-97 (see Figure 2). See Table 1 on page 9 for state-by-state counts of 

targeted assistance schools and schoolwide programs.

As a result of the increase in schoolwide programs, the overall number of students counted as Title I 

participants also has increased significantly in recent years. In schoolwide programs, all students in the 

school are considered Title I participants; in targeted assistance programs, however, only students receiving 

specific Title I-funded services are counted.

Figure 2

Number of Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and 

Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, 

1993-94 through 2002-03

31,076

23,977

28,162

46,638

27,084

24,798 24,842 24,648 31,763

48,383

25,184 26,513 22,791

14,891 17,317

5,050 3,903

19,372

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03

Year

Number of Schools

SWP

TAS

Note: State performance report information was not collected for the 1995-96 school year.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 4

Schools Identified for Improvement

The Title I statute requires districts to annually review the progress of each Title I school to determine 

whether the school is making adequate yearly progress (AYP) toward enabling its students to meet state 

content standards. Schools 

that do not make adequate 

yearly progress for two 

consecutive years are to be 

identified for improvement.2

This report is based on the 

2002-03 school year, the first 

reporting year covered by 

NCLB. NCLB has had a 

direct impact on schools 

identified for improvement. 

Under the previous law 

(IASA), states set reporting 

requirements for AYP targets 

that could be absolute or 

relative, summarized across

subjects and aggregated for 

all students at a school. 

Under NCLB, in contrast, 

there are more specific 

criteria for AYP, including 

the specific goal of all students achieving proficiency by 2013-14, as well as accountability for the 

achievement of key subgroups of students. Both IASA and NCLB, however, placed final responsibility for 

the details of AYP definitions in the hands of state and local policymakers. Additionally, each year, a small 

number of states have not reported information for this item, so the national totals do not include the same 

states from year to year.3

Readers also should note that states can, and do, make changes to the state assessments used to determine 

AYP from one year to the next. These changes can range from changing the proficiency levels to putting an 

entirely new testing program in place. Additionally, NCLB requires student testing in more grades than was 

required in the past. All of these factors contribute to changes in state assessment systems and can have a 

significant impact on both the state-level student proficiency rates and the schools identified for 

improvement. From 2000-01 to 2001-02, seven states made changes to their assessments. From 2001-02 to 

2002-03, with the implementation of NCLB, this figure increased to 20 states.

States reported that, overall, 6,234 Title I schools (or 12 percent) were identified for improvement in 

2002-03. This figure includes all schools identified for improvement, corrective action, or restructuring, 

regardless of how many years they had been identified. (See Figure 3 and Table 2 on p. 10.)

 

2 More detailed information on achievement at the state level was provided in a separate report to Congress earlier in 2005—

the 2002-03 NCLB Annual Report. Additionally, the report State Education Indicators with a Focus on Title I, 2002-03 will 

provide select state-level achievement data.

3 With the implementation of NCLB, every state continues to set its own definition of AYP and determine the level of 

proficiency expected of its students. Due to these variations in state AYP targets and objectives, state-to-state comparisons 

must be interpreted with caution.

Figure 3

Number and Percentage of Title I Schools Identified for 

Improvement, 2001-02 and 2002-03

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2001-02 2002-03

Percent of Total

6,735

(13%)

5,625

22%

4,905

19%

Schools not 

Identified for 

Improvement

Schools 

Identified for 

improvement

44,426

(87%)

6,234

(12%)

45,905

(88%)
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 5

Title I Student Participation

Overall Participation 

Patterns

The number of students counted 

as Title I participants has risen 

steadily, particularly beginning in 

1996-97, when much larger 

numbers of Title I schools began 

implementing the schoolwide 

program option, whereby all 

students in the school are counted 

as Title I participants. Prior to 

1996-97, most schools had 

implemented targeted assistance 

programs, whereby only students 

receiving specific Title I-funded 

services were counted as 

participants. In 2002-03, however, 

84 percent of Title I participants 

were in schoolwide programs and 

only 15 percent were in targeted assistance schools; the remaining participants were in private schools 

(1 percent) or local programs for neglected and delinquent children (1 percent). (See Figure 4 above and 

Table 3 on p. 11.)

The total number of Title I participants was 16.5 million in 2002-03, a 4 percent increase over the 2001-02 

participation level of 15.8 million students. (See Table 4 on p. 13.)

Grade-Level Participation

Despite significant increases in 

the number of participants in the 

Title I Grants to LEAs program, 

the participation rate by grade 

level has remained virtually 

unchanged. As in past years, 

participation in TAS, SWP, and 

private schools was 

concentrated in the elementary 

grades for 2002-03, with about 

three-quarters of participants 

in prekindergarten through 

grade 6.

Figure 5

Title I Participation, by Grade Span, 2002-03

Pre-K

2%

Ungraded

1%

Grades 10-12

8%

Grades 1-3

34%

Grades 4-6

28%

Grades 7-9

17%

Kindergarten

10%

Figure 4

Title I Grants to LEAs Program–Total Participation, 

1979-80 through 2002-03

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

79 80

Year

Note: State performance report information was not collected for the

1995-96 school year.

79 80 85 95 00

Year

Number of Participants (in millions)

90
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 6

Participation in Part A Neglected or Delinquent programs4 was concentrated in the higher grades, with 61 

percent of students in grade seven or above. (See Table 5 on p. 14.) 

Racial and Ethnic Classification

Minority students accounted for 

almost two-thirds of Title I 

participants in 2002-03. Thirtythree percent of Title I participants 

were Hispanic, 27 percent were black 

non-Hispanic, and 35 percent were 

classified as white, non-Hispanic. 

Asian and Pacific Islander students 

accounted for 3 percent of 

participants, American Indian or 

Alaska Native students comprised 

2 percent, and other students 

represented 1 percent. 5

 (See Figure 6 

and Table 6 on p. 15.)

Over the past 25 years (since 1979-

80), the proportion of Hispanic 

students has increased from 16 to 

33 percent of all Title I 

participants, while the percentage of 

black, non-Hispanic participants has 

decreased from 31 to 27 percent and 

the percentage of white, non-Hispanic

participants has declined from 53 to 

35 percent. Since the 2000-01 school 

year, the reported percentage of 

Hispanic students has been 

approximately equal to the percentage 

of white, non-Hispanic participants. 

The percentage of participants from 

other racial and ethnic groups, 

including American Indian, Alaska 

Native, Asian, and Pacific Islander 

students, remained largely unchanged 

during this period. (See Figure 7 and 

Table 7 on p. 17.)

 

4 The Part A Neglected or Delinquent program provides services for children living in local institutions for neglected children. 

These services are provided by the school district and are to be comparable to the services provided to the students enrolled in 

the elementary and secondary schools in the district.

5

States report counts of students classified as “other” in their racial and ethnic breakouts for the Consolidated State 

Performance Report (CSPR), even though this classification is not one of the options requested in the official CSPR data 

collection instrument. For the purposes of this report, race and ethnicity counts are reported according to each state’s 

definition of race and ethnicity. 

Figure 6

Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic 

Classification, 2002-03

Hispanic

33%

Other

1%

Asian and 

Pacific Isl.

3%

Black, nonHispanic

27%

White, nonHispanic

35% 

American 

Indian

2%

Percents do not add to 100 due to rounding.

Figure 7

Percentage of Total Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic 

Classification, 1979-80 through 2002-03

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

79 80 85 90 95 00

Year

Percentage of Students

White, non-Hispanic

Black, nonHispanic

Hispanic

Other Racial and Ethnic Groups: American Indian 

and Alaska Native and Asian and Pacific Islander

Note: State performance report information was not collected for the

1995-96 school year.

79 80 85 90 95 00

Year

03
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 7

Special Populations Served by Title I

A significant proportion of Title I participants are students from special populations. These children include 

students with disabilities, who in 2002-03 represented 12 percent of the Title I participants, the same percentage 

reported for 2001-02. For 2002-03, 16 percent of Title I participants were classified as students with limited 

English proficiency, and 2 percent were children of migratory workers.

Refer to Tables 8-10 (on pp. 18-20) for detailed, state-by-state special population participation information.

Services Supported by Title I 

Instructional and supporting service information is reported only for participants in TAS schools, because 

schoolwide programs serve all students and upgrade the entire instructional program in those high-poverty 

schools.

Instructional Services

States report on TAS 

students receiving five 

categories of instructional 

services—reading or 

language arts, mathematics, 

science, social studies, and 

other instructional services. 

Among these, the most 

common services provided 

were reading or

language arts and 

mathematics. For the 2002-

03 reporting year, 79 percent 

of TAS participants received 

instruction in reading and 

48 percent received 

instruction in mathematics. 

These percentages remained 

nearly unchanged from the 

2001-02 school year. The 

percentages reported here 

can, however, be somewhat misleading as some states reported duplicated counts. For example, if a student 

received instruction in both reading and language arts, the student would be counted twice for reporting 

purposes. (See Figure 8 and Table 11 on p. 21.) 

Figure 8

Services Provided to Title I TAS Students, 

2001-02 and 2002-03

5

11

12

2

13

16

48

79

6

11

19

2

13

13

47

78

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

Reading/

Language Arts

Mathematics

Science

Social Studies

Other Instructional

Services

Guidance/Counseling/

Social Work

Health/Dental

Other Supporting

Services

Supporting Services

Instructional Services

2001-02

2002-03
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 8

Other Support Services

As in past years, smaller percentages of TAS students received other Title I-funded support services. In 

2002-03, 12 percent of students received Title I-supported guidance, counseling or social work, 11 percent 

received health or dental services, and 5 percent received support services classified as other, such as 

transportation, home visits, nutrition and clothing, and speech therapy. (See Figure 8 and Table 11 on 

p. 23.) 

Title I TAS Staffing Patterns

Title I staffing data are available 

for less than half of all Title I 

schools, because states were asked 

to report these data only for schools

that operate targeted assistance 

programs (46 percent of Title I 

schools). Schoolwide programs are 

not required to track Title I dollars 

to particular activities or staff, so 

Title I staffing data are unavailable 

for these schools. However, the 

staffing data may include some 

district-level staff who work with 

multiple schools.

Teachers accounted for over half 

(56 percent) of reported Title I 

TAS full-time equivalent (FTE) 

staff in 2002-03, up from 

53 percent in the previous year. 

Teacher aides declined slightly, 

from 34 percent of staff in 2001-02 

to 31 percent in 2002-03. Since 

1999-2000, the percentage of FTE 

staff identified as teachers has risen 

steadily from 44 percent to the 56 

percent reported for 2002-03.

Together, teachers and teacher 

aides accounted for 87 percent of 

the reported total of 70,615 Title 

I staff. Other Title I staff included 

administrators (4 percent), support 

staff (5 percent), and other staff 

(4 percent). (See Figures 9 and 10 

and Tables 12 and 13 on pp. 24 and 

26.)

Figure 10

Title I FTE Staff in TAS Schools, 

by Classification, 2002-03

Teacher 

Aides 31%

Other Staff

 4%

Teachers

56%

Administrat

ors 4%

Support 

Staff 5%

Total FTE staff = 70,615

Percents do not add to 100 due to rounding.

Figure 9

Title I FTE Teachers and Teacher Aides in 

TAS Schools, 1979-80 through 2002-03

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

79 80 85 90 95 00

Percentage of Reported FTE Staff

Teachers

Teacher Aides

Note: State performance report information was not collected for the

1995-96 school year.

79 80 85 90 95 00

Year
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 9
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 10

Table 1

Number and Percentage of Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, by 

State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

2001-02 2002-03

TAS SWP TAS SWP

State

Number 

of Title I 

Schools Number

Percent of 

Total Number

Percent of 

Total

Number of 

Title I 

Schools Number

Percent of 

Total Number

Percent of 

Total

Alabama 865 273 32 592 68 873 227 26 646 74

Alaska 292 182 62 110 38 299 217 73 82 27

Arizona 977 409 42 568 58 1,054 465 44 589 56

Arkansas 765 365 48 400 52 813 379 47 434 53

California 5,604 2,886 51 2,718 49 5,894 2,691 46 3,203 54

Colorado 547 312 57 235 43 558 270 48 288 52

Connecticut 479 362 76 117 24 527 407 77 120 23

Delaware 106 70 66 36 34 125 74 59 51 41

District of Columbia 172 3 2 169 98 172 4 2 168 98

Florida 1,220 110 9 1,110 91 1,374 79 6 1,295 94

Georgia 1,061 295 28 766 72 1,118 227 20 891 80

Hawaii 127 3 2 124 98 139 4 3 135 97

Idaho 407 316 78 91 22 408 323 79 85 21

Illinois 2,408 1,424 59 984 41 2,433 1,444 59 989 41

Indiana 808 640 79 168 21 799 619 77 180 23

Iowa 765 629 82 136 18 730 605 83 125 17

Kansas 670 456 68 214 32 658 426 65 232 35

Kentucky 869 176 20 693 80 888 132 15 756 85

Louisiana 899 146 16 753 84 962 154 16 808 84

Maine 446 395 89 51 11 426 377 88 49 12

Maryland 380 86 23 294 77 381 62 16 319 84

Massachusetts 1,089 661 61 428 39 1,128 679 60 449 40

Michigan 2,143 1,295 60 848 40 2,143 1,229 57 914 43

Minnesota 977 745 76 232 24 979 750 77 229 23

Mississippi 683 80 12 603 88 561 62 11 499 89

Missouri 1,325 932 70 393 30 1,306 905 69 401 31

Montana 636 515 81 121 19 647 520 80 127 20

Nebraska 454 301 66 153 34 498 336 67 162 33

Nevada 112 27 24 85 76 118 33 28 85 72

New Hampshire 251 229 91 22 9 268 241 90 27 10

New Jersey 1,379 1,135 82 244 18 1,425 1,072 75 353 25

New Mexico 513 198 39 315 61 533 188 35 345 65

New York 2,698 1,648 61 1,050 39 2,790 1,778 64 1,012 36

North Carolina 1,069 320 30 749 70 1,129 271 24 858 76

North Dakota 269 233 87 36 13 338 302 89 36 11

Ohio 2,094 1,084 52 1,010 48 2,060 1,045 51 1,015 49

Oklahoma 1,189 402 34 787 66 1,187 346 29 841 71

Oregon 566 296 52 270 48 591 315 53 276 47

Pennsylvania 1,854 1,331 72 523 28 1,888 1,330 70 558 30

Rhode Island 140 85 61 55 39 148 92 62 56 38

South Carolina 513 59 12 454 88 534 53 10 481 90

South Dakota 361 254 70 107 30 347 231 67 116 33

Tennessee 810 249 31 561 69 833 213 26 620 74

Texas 4,559 589 13 3,970 87 4,823 540 11 4,283 89

Utah 221 89 40 132 60 217 59 27 158 73

Vermont 216 132 61 84 39

Virginia 760 495 65 265 35 794 508 64 286 36

Washington 983 573 58 410 42 1,018 558 55 460 45

West Virginia 477 83 17 394 83 413 67 16 346 84

Wisconsin 1,150 887 77 263 23 1,109 831 75 278 25

Wyoming 165 114 69 51 31 171 121 71 50 29

Bureau of Indian Affairs 173 0 0 173 100

Puerto Rico 1,465 69 5 1,396 95 1,512 116 8 1,396 92

Total 51,161 24,648 48 26,513 52 52,139 23,977 46 28,162 54

Note: The Bureau of Indian Affairs does not have any TAS schools.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 11

Table 2

Participating Title I Schools Identified for School Improvement, by State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 

2002-03

2001-02 2002-03

State Total Number

Number in 

Improvement

Percent in 

Improvement Total Number

Number in 

Improvement

Percent in 

Improvement

Alabama 865 52 6 873 46 5

Alaska 292 13 4 299 64 21

Arizona 977 403 41 1,054 220 21

Arkansas 765 25 3 813 272 34

California 5,604 1,009 18 5,894 1,205 20

Colorado 547 84 15 558 80 14

Connecticut 479 8 2 527 12 2

Delaware 106 21 20 125 12 10

District of Columbia 172 14 8 172 14 8

Florida 1,220 0 0 1,374 42 3

Georgia 1,061 600 57 1,118 533 48

Hawaii 127 85 67 139 82 59

Idaho 407 79 19 408 43 11

Illinois 2,408 506 21 2,433 577 24

Indiana 808 173 21 799 97 12

Iowa 765 26 3 730 11 2

Kansas 670 118 18 658 30 5

Kentucky 869 106 12 888 26 3

Louisiana 899 17 2 962 58 6

Maine 446 12 3 426 7 2

Maryland 380 110 29 381 102 27

Massachusetts 1,089 259 24 1,128 208 18

Michigan 2,143 851 40 2,143 352 16

Minnesota 977 59 6 979 38 4

Mississippi 683 21 3 561 7 1

Missouri 1,325 37 3 1,306 30 2

Montana 636 43 7 647 40 6

Nebraska 454 19 4 498 6 1

Nevada 112 12 11 118 27 23

New Hampshire 251 10 4 268 6 2

New Jersey 1,379 250 18 1,425 250 18

New Mexico 513 111 22 533 96 18

New York 2,698 434 16 2,790 526 19

North Carolina 1,069 16 1 1,129 36 3

North Dakota 269 29 11 338 23 7

Ohio 2,094 161 8 2,060 191 9

Oklahoma 1,189 28 2 1,187 46 4

Oregon 566 8 1 591 7 1

Pennsylvania 1,854 198 11 1888 298 16

Rhode Island 140 19 14 148 24 16

South Carolina 513 27 5 534 90 17

South Dakota 361 13 4 347 32 9

Tennessee 810 113 14 833 55 7

Texas 4,559 72 2 4,823 9 *

Utah 221 22 10 217 6 3

Vermont 216 6 3 4

Virginia 760 34 4 794 44 6

Washington 983 50 5 1,018 51 5

West Virginia 477 8 2 413 7 2

Wisconsin 1,150 70 6 1,109 52 5

Wyoming 165 0 0 171 0 0

Bureau of Indian Affairs 173 60 35

Puerto Rico 1,465 234 16 1,512 140 9

Total 51,161 6,735 13 52,139 6,234 12

* Less than 0.5 percent.

Notes: The information shown in this table should be viewed with caution, as states may have made changes to the assessments in 

place or assessment levels reported from one year to the next.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 12

Table 3

Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by 

State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

Public TAS Public SWP

State 2001-02

Percent 

of Total 2002-03

Percent 

of Total 2001-02

Percent 

of Total 2002-03

Percent 

of Total

Alabama 27,171 9 21,738 7 262,118 90 289,113 92

Alaska 9,466 30 6,797 34 19,703 63 12,880 65

Arizona 45,346 12 49,229 11 332,113 87 380,585 88

Arkansas 37,000 21 31,000 18 140,356 79 142,277 81

California 680,834 24 618,783 20 2,133,351 74 2,395,867 78

Colorado 19,347 18 13,680 11 89,734 81 110,456 88

Connecticut 33,973 39 36,242 36 51,533 59 61,101 61

Delaware 6,627 25 4,545 13 19,315 73 28,060 83

District of Columbia 84 0 487 1 68,960 97 64,736 98

Florida 10,860 1 7,336 1 831,292 98 907,566 99

Georgia 35,000 7 18,171 3 458,571 92 620,105 97

Hawaii 43 0 91 0 72,546 100 81,223 100

Idaho 16,345 35 16,790 36 29,128 63 29,563 63

Illinois 99,202 17 88,230 16 478,935 81 443,583 82

Indiana 52,457 45 54,084 44 59,328 51 63,278 52

Iowa 24,844 39 26,118 40 35,061 55 35,037 54

Kansas 20,131 21 19,421 20 71,493 75 72,136 75

Kentucky 18,376 6 16,749 5 279,591 93 311,644 94

Louisiana 18,714 5 24,504 6 327,685 92 347,648 91

Maine 17,664 64 17,840 68 9,555 35 8,068 31

Maryland 12,749 8 8,320 6 137,392 90 138,554 92

Massachusetts 42,282 19 46,690 19 168,685 77 188,264 78

Michigan 170,906 31 162,362 28 378,119 68 408,368 71

Minnesota 65,077 41 59,691 42 79,357 50 71,234 51

Mississippi 9,851 4 8,281 3 261,618 95 284,616 97

Missouri 48,169 26 48,362 26 126,467 70 128,316 69

Montana 17,099 44 17,439 42 21,482 55 23,170 56

Nebraska 13,586 28 11,287 22 30,923 65 35,901 70

Nevada 1,598 3 3,156 5 53,081 95 59,997 94

New Hampshire 10,300 60 10,633 58 6,688 39 7,588 41

New Jersey 131,607 44 86,737 31 156,134 52 184,384 66

New Mexico 12,500 9 11,250 8 128,951 90 122,830 90

New York 302,154 37 340,590 46 469,090 58 363,567 49

North Carolina 26,088 7 25,117 6 331,981 93 367,643 93

North Dakota 8,045 43 8,410 42 10,214 54 10,710 54

Ohio 53,792 11 55,667 11 416,621 87 431,139 88

Oklahoma 24,375 9 30,561 11 237,332 90 248,065 89

Oregon 24,958 20 25,766 21 96,461 78 97,113 78

Pennsylvania 122,311 26 121,307 26 320,207 68 321,709 69

Rhode Island 5,760 21 19,818 73

South Carolina 4,698 2 5,021 2 233,216 98 253,933 98

South Dakota 7,520 33 6,656 25 14,549 64 18,237 69

Tennessee 24,065 8 22,147 7 259,513 89 287,805 91

Texas 44,986 2 38,511 2 2,061,383 97 2,211,585 97

Utah 10,735 16 6,518 9 55,195 83 65,188 91

Vermont 5,323 20 21,138 78

Virginia 33,355 22 32,140 19 114,541 76 137,026 80

Washington 40,465 19 39,925 17 174,084 80 199,801 83

West Virginia 29,978 23 28,148 21 97,246 76 106,917 79

Wisconsin 41,378 26 54,000 33 109,246 69 106,244 64

Wyoming 4,505 28 11,340 71

Bureau of Indian Affairs 0 -- 46,476 100

Puerto Rico 13,955 3 18,937 4 499,717 93 474,876 92

Total 2,537,654 16 2,405,464 15 12,918,633 82 13,759,706 84

Table 3 continues on the next page
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 13

Table 3 (continued)

Number and Percentage of Title I Public, Private, and Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D) Participants, by 

State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

Private Local N or D Total

State 2001-02

Percent 

of Total 2002-03

Percent 

of Total 2001-02

Percent 

of Total 2002-03

Percent 

of Total 2001-02 2002-03

Percent 

Change

Alabama 856 * 1,114 * 2,186 1 1,468 * 292,331 313,433 7

Alaska 1,854 6 4 * 296 1 95 * 31,319 19,776 *

Arizona 1,773 * 1,446 * 1,629 * 2,134 0 380,861 433,394 14

Arkansas 600 * 630 * 800 * 1,097 1 178,756 175,004 *

California 16,610 1 19,340 1 40,000 1 41,640 1 2,870,795 3,075,630 7

Colorado 655 1 567 * 516 * 714 1 110,252 125,417 14

Connecticut 1,190 1 1,181 1 1,274 1 1,447 1 87,970 99,971 14

Delaware 683 3 866 3 - -- 238 1 26,625 33,709 27

District of Columbia 1,585 2 1,046 2 179 * - -- 70,808 66,269 *

Florida 3,794 * 0 * 2,047 * 2,000 * 847,993 916,902 8

Georgia 1,242 * 1,048 * 2,104 * 2,780 * 496,917 642,104 29

Hawaii 136 * 296 * 0 0 0 0 72,725 81,610 12

Idaho 187 * 97 * 705 2 727 2 46,365 47,177 2

Illinois 9,233 2 9,263 2 2,339 * 2,194 * 589,709 543,270 *

Indiana 2,616 2 2,557 2 1,949 2 2,028 2 116,350 121,947 5

Iowa 1,702 3 1,608 2 1,887 3 2,321 4 63,494 65,084 3

Kansas 1,539 2 2,210 2 2,269 2 2,000 2 95,432 95,767 *

Kentucky 1,753 1 1,100 * 1,221 * 932 * 300,941 330,425 10

Louisiana 5,494 2 6,195 2 4,118 1 3,894 1 356,011 382,241 7

Maine 273 1 347 1 136 0 149 1 27,628 26,404 *

Maryland 1,834 1 1,947 1 984 1 1,506 1 152,959 150,327 *

Massachusetts 5,570 3 5,200 2 1,666 1 2,194 1 218,203 242,348 11

Michigan 4,120 1 2,242 * 2,157 * - -- 555,302 572,972 3

Minnesota 12,748 8 9,890 7 - -- 112 * 157,182 140,927 *

Mississippi 1,229 * 1,229 * 3,801 1 746 * 276,499 294,872 7

Missouri 3,806 2 3,078 2 3,343 2 5,302 3 181,785 185,058 2

Montana 480 1 526 1 184 * 364 1 39,245 41,499 6

Nebraska 1,434 3 1,074 2 1,786 4 2,803 5 47,729 51,065 7

Nevada 181 * 70 * 1,253 2 526 1 56,113 63,749 14

New Hampshire 82 * 171 1 44 * 54 * 17,114 18,446 8

New Jersey 7,938 3 6,263 2 2,664 1 1,110 * 298,343 278,494 *

New Mexico 933 1 900 1 1,491 1 1,653 1 143,875 136,633 *

New York 29,177 4 31,672 4 10,373 1 11,143 1 810,794 746,972 *

North Carolina 98 * 219 * 470 * 782 * 358,637 393,761 10

North Dakota 357 2 326 2 224 1 393 2 18,840 19,839 5

Ohio 5,455 1 1,196 * 996 * 1,231 * 476,864 489,233 3

Oklahoma 147 * 210 * 555 * 736 * 262,409 279,572 7

Oregon 1,559 1 1,583 1 493 * 509 * 123,471 124,971 1

Pennsylvania 22,016 5 22,138 5 3,933 1 3,840 1 468,467 468,994 *

Rhode Island 1,576 6 71 * 27,225

South Carolina 112 * 162 * 271 * 310 * 238,297 259,426 9

South Dakota 354 2 466 2 422 2 395 2 22,845 25,754 13

Tennessee 659 * 4,535 1 8,144 3 2,664 1 292,381 317,151 8

Texas 9,582 * 12,124 1 6,630 * 9,216 * 2,122,581 2,271,436 7

Utah 172 * 260 * 0 * 0 * 66,102 71,966 9

Vermont 256 1 245 1 26,962

Virginia 684 * 655 * 1,500 1 1,533 1 150,080 171,354 14

Washington 1,040 * 1,211 1 1,085 1 603 * 216,674 241,540 11

West Virginia 501 * 437 * 243 * 256 * 127,968 135,758 6

Wisconsin 7,074 4 4,491 3 138 * 160 * 157,836 164,895 4

Wyoming 65 * 13 0 15,923

Bureau of Indian 

Affairs 0 0 46,476

Puerto Rico 20,542 4 22,817 4 496 0 457 0 534,710 517,087 *

Total 195,556 1 188,007 1 121,330 1 118,456 1 15,773,173 16,471,633 4

* Less than 0.5 percent.

Notes: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

Two states (Delaware and Minnesota) did not provide information on the number of local N or D participants in 2001-02. This number was one state 

(Michigan) and the District of Columbia for 2002-03. One state (Florida) did not provide private school data for 2002-03.

TAS = Targeted assistance schools

SWP = Schoolwide program schools
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002

–03 Page 14

Table 4

Title I Participation, Public, Private, Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D), and Total—1979-80 through 2002-03

Year Public

Percent 

Change Private

Percent 

Change

Local 

N or D

Percent 

Change Total

Percent 

Change

1979-1980 4,973,708 189,114 5,162,822

1980-1981 4,862,308 -2 213,499 13 5,075,807 -2

1981-1982 4,434,447 -9 184,084 -14 4,618,531 -9

1982-1983 4,270,424 -4 177,210 -4 4,447,634 -4

1983-1984 4,381,975 3 190,660 8 4,572,635 3

1984-1985 4,528,177 3 184,532 -3 4,712,709 3

1985-1986 4,611,948 2 127,922 -31 4,739,870 1

1986-1987 4,594,761 * 137,900 8 4,732,661 0

1987-1988 4,808,030 5 136,618 -1 4,944,648 4

1988-1989 4,777,643 -1 137,656 1 131,574 5,046,873 2

1989-1990 5,014,617 5 151,948 10 161,255 23 5,327,820 6

1990-1991 5,252,141 5 157,360 4 138,069 -14 5,547,570 4

1991-1992 5,594,718 7 163,329 4 145,572 5 5,903,619 6

1992-1993 6,042,849 8 171,239 5 182,398 25 6,396,486 8

1993-1994 6,198,095 3 177,243 4 178,942 -2 6,554,280 2

1994-1995 6,392,372 3 172,982 -2 106,467 -41 6,671,821 2

1995-1996+

Public

TAS

Percent 

Change

Public 

SWP

Percent 

Change

1996-1997 3,994,509 7,088,756 73 167,590 -3 113,719 7 11,364,574 70

1997-1998 3,319,244 -17 9,087,839 28 12 188,194 12 114,978 1 12,710,255 12

1998-1999 3,101,515 -7 10,032,960 10 6 197,356 5 95,045 -17 13,426,876 6

1999-2000 2,834,313 -9 11,280,092 12 7 183,894 -7 120,554 27 14,418,853 7

2000-2001 2,413,118 -15 12,316,664 9 4 201,572 10 116,440 -3 15,047,794 4

2001-2002 2,537,654 5 12,918,633 5 5 195,556 -3 121,330 4 15,773,173 5

2002-2003 2,405,464 -5 13,759,706 7 5 188,007 -4 118,555 -2 16,471,633 4

* Less than 0.5 percent.

+ No state performance report information was collected for the 1995-96 school year.

Notes: There were two major changes to the reporting form since 1979-80. In 1998-99, states were required to provide separate counts of the number of Local N or D participants. With 

the advent of public targeted assistance schools (TAS) and schoolwide program (SWP) schools, the Department required states to provide separate TAS and SWP counts of 

public participants starting in 1996-97.

Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding. For 1997-98, two states were unable to provide participation information broken out by TAS and SWP. For 1998-99 and 

1999-2000, Missouri was the only state unable to provide this information. For these states, all of their participants are reported in the overall totals but not in the public TAS and 

SWP breakouts. Not all states provided information on Local N or D for all years. 

TAS = Targeted assistance schools

SWP = Schoolwide program schools
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002

–03 Page 15

Table 5

Title I Participants by Grade Span, Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS), Schoolwide Program (SWP) Schools, Private, Local Neglected or 

Delinquent (N or D), and Total, 2001-02 and 2002-03

Public TAS Public SWP Private Local N or D Total

Grade Level Number

Percent 

of 

Public 

TAS

Percent 

of Total Number

Percent 

of 

Public 

SWP

Percent 

of Total Number

Percent 

of 

Private

Percent 

of Total Number

Percent 

of Local 

N or D

Percent 

of Total Number

Percent 

Overall

2001-02

Pre-K 24,304 1 7 338,635 3 92 2,565 1 1 610 1 * 366,534 2 

Kindergarten 173,805 7 12 1,276,651 10 87 14,473 8 1 2,237 2 * 1,468,297 9 

Grades 1-3 952,287 38 18 4,240,300 33 80 82,842 45 2 6,967 6 * 5,285,171 32 

Grades 4-6 674,151 27 15 3,769,509 30 83 58,673 32 1 11,927 11 * 4,516,891 27 

Grades 7-9 416,025 17 16 2,174,547 16 82 26,049 14 1 32,309 30 1 2,652,144 16 

Grades 10-12 200,834 8 18 898,535 7 79 8,302 4 1 21,577 20 2 1,133,103 7 

Ungraded 53,040 2 41 72,031 1 56 475 * * 2,913 3 2 128,446 1 

Total 2,494,446 100 16 12,770,268 100 82 193,379 100 1 78,540 100 1 15,550,586 100 

2002-03

Pre-K 22,319 1 5 380,530 3 93 2,620 1 1 2,824 3 1 408,293 2 

Kindergarten 185,506 8 11 1,430,799 10 87 15,745 8 1 3,269 3 * 1,635,319 10 

Grades 1-3 900,497 37 17 4,405,091 32 82 76,333 41 1 13,890 13 * 5,395,811 33 

Grades 4-6 628,774 26 14 3,939,408 29 85 57,090 31 1 18,920 17 * 4,644,192 28 

Grades 7-9 396,095 16 14 2,389,421 17 84 24,524 13 1 38,430 35 1 2,848,470 17 

Grades 10-12 224,338 9 17 1,091,249 8 81 7,263 4 1 28,422 26 2 1,351,272 8 

Ungraded 48,081 2 32 95,631 1 64 2,540 1 2 2,640 2 2 148,892 1 

Total 2,405,610 100 15 13,732,129 100 84 186,115 100 1 108,395 100 1 16,432,249 100 

* Less than 0.5 percent.

Note: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 16

Table 6

Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) School

Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification and State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic White, non-Hispanic

State 2001-02

Percent 

of Total 2002-03

Percent 

of Total 2001-02

Percent 

of Total 2002-03

Percent 

of Total 2001-02

Percent 

of Total 2002-03

Percent 

of Total

Alabama 160,746 55 160,701 51 6,154 2 6,063 2 119,682 41 140,334 45

Alaska 1,720 6 832 4 1,316 5 537 3 6,042 22 6,213 31

Arizona 21,613 6 25,951 6 214,594 57 251,571 58 89,201 24 101,859 24

Arkansas 56,365 34 55,483 36 8,921 5 7,927 5 96,564 59 88,808 58

California 290,018 10 297,202 11 1,833,184 65 1,743,088 62 429,985 15 488,760 17

Colorado 9,607 9 6,494 9 44,654 41 36,947 53 50,585 46 23,547 34

Connecticut 28,248 34 30,931 32 30,984 37 34,945 36 21,292 26 27,945 29

Delaware 10,442 44 13,084 40 2,490 11 3,200 10 10,206 43 15,734 48

District of Columbia 61,377 89 57,263 87 6,326 9 6,681 10 451 1 532 1

Florida 290,983 34 341,292 35 212,938 25 242,205 25 312,797 37 364,040 37

Georgia 266,587 55 315,759 51 34,501 7 51,103 8 170,050 35 228,207 37

Hawaii 1,343 2 1,671 3 1,838 3 2,199 4 7,717 11 10,681 21

Idaho 384 1 356 1 10,446 23 10,250 18 32,999 73 45,661 79

Illinois 267,701 48 237,262 44 170,241 30 167,283 31 112,916 20 127,275 24

Indiana 30,778 28 33,023 29 9,057 8 10,917 10 68,439 61 69,464 61

Iowa 5,468 8 6,084 9 6,193 9 6,868 11 50,374 77 48,958 75

Kansas 15,586 17 14,983 16 19,107 21 21,181 23 50,365 56 51,105 56

Kentucky 35,263 12 41,741 13 4,030 1 5,081 2 249,860 85 274,279 85

Louisiana 214,313 62 226,264 65 4,881 1 6,460 2 117,203 34 106,859 31

Maine 659 3 829 3 231 1 285 1 24,864 95 24,265 92

Maryland 96,849 64 96,540 66 15,450 10 14,445 10 35,676 23 32,182 22

Massachusetts 48,439 21 53,653 23 61,817 27 65,809 28 98,890 44 99,066 42

Michigan 280,085 50 294,836 52 37,416 7 38,617 7 228,919 41 221,630 39

Minnesota 31,215 21 26,836 20 13,362 9 12,473 10 79,399 53 67,932 52

Mississippi 171,690 63 152,128 54 1,668 1 3,118 1 96,383 36 125,425 44

Missouri 62,060 37 60,690 34 5,699 3 6,235 4 98,153 58 108,790 61

Montana 292 1 410 1 967 3 1,100 3 25,325 66 26,631 66

Nebraska 7,641 17 7,897 17 8,014 18 9,441 20 26,336 59 27,273 58

Nevada 8,436 15 8,622 14 29,907 54 34,691 55 13,390 24 16,115 26

New Hampshire 568 3 562 3 1,081 6 1,367 7 15,931 89 16,938 88

New Jersey 106,264 38 98,501 36 100,923 36 105,687 39 57,250 21 56,947 21

New Mexico 3,618 2 2,892 2 89,861 62 81,150 61 22,114 15 24,834 19

New York 242,783 32 217,959 31 227,617 30 207,119 30 251,482 33 233,019 34

North Carolina 148,502 44 155,086 40 30,002 9 37,270 9 135,710 40 173,315 44

North Dakota 344 2 313 2 382 2 432 2 13,634 69 13,548 68

Ohio 167,267 37 175,324 37 15,689 3 18,353 4 258,960 57 277,479 58

Oklahoma 38,812 15 39,826 14 22,941 9 27,278 10 130,930 51 143,978 52

Oregon 7,122 6 7,141 6 25,336 22 25,355 21 69,349 61 77,738 66

Pennsylvania 194,712 44 195,370 44 48,921 11 49,441 11 184,518 42 183,054 42

Rhode Island 6,080 24 8,498 33 8,394 33

South Carolina 136,463 58 141,323 57 7,517 3 7,492 3 85,682 37 98,529 39

South Dakota 293 1 503 2 486 2 616 2 14,007 61 14,846 57

Tennessee 120,697 43 131,995 36 7,404 3 9,585 3 151,591 54 217,600 60

Texas 327,479 16 340,673 15 1,237,534 59 1,325,573 59 509,449 24 548,039 24

Utah 1,419 2 1,503 2 16,920 26 19,207 26 40,215 61 48,115 65

Vermont 376 2 1,339 5 22,660 91

Virginia 79,963 56 90,760 53 10,649 7 13,633 8 49,142 34 62,119 36

Washington 19,583 9 21,632 9 57,146 27 65,871 27 109,812 52 126,331 52

West Virginia 5,612 4 5,621 4 364 * 372 * 123,457 95 128,906 95

Wisconsin 58,567 37 62,405 38 19,311 12 22,735 14 69,197 44 68,653 42

Wyoming 357 2 2,130 15 10,003 70

Bureau of Indian 

Affairs 0 0 0 0 0 0

Puerto Rico 9 * 0 * 512,965 100 444,316 100 811 * 1,347 *

Total 4,142,798 27 4,258,206 27 5,241,402 34 5,263,572 33 5,058,361 33 5,484,905 35

Table 6 continues on the next page.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 17

Table 6 (continued)

Number and Percentage of Title I Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and Schoolwide Program (SWP) School

Participants by Racial and Ethnic Classification and State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

Asian and Pacific Islander Am. Indian and Alaska Native Other Total

State 2001-02

Percen

t of 

Total 2002-03

Percen

t of 

Total 2001-02

Percen

t of 

Total 2002-03

Percen

t of 

Total 2001-02

Percen

t of 

Total 2002-03

Percen

t of 

Total 2001-02 2002-03

Alabama 1,851 1 2,568 1 2,538 1 3,603 1 2,619 1 164 * 293,590 313,433

Alaska 1,922 7 793 4 15,941 58 11,851 59 598 2 0 * 27,539 20,226

Arizona 5,944 2 5,236 1 45,308 12 45,264 11 598 * 793 * 377,258 430,674

Arkansas 1,427 1 1,295 1 765 * 647 * 0 * 0 * 164,042 154,160

California 198,739 7 222,441 8 22,134 1 24,270 1 29,236 1 32,579 1 2,803,296 2,808,340

Colorado 1,987 2 1,276 2 2,094 2 1,306 2 0 0 0 0 108,927 69,570

Connecticut 1,495 2 2,029 2 172 * 269 * 1,200 1 1,400 1 83,391 97,519

Delaware 358 2 486 1 72 * 101 * 0 0 0 0 23,568 32,605

District of Columbia 788 1 1,526 2 24 * 31 * 20 0 28 * 68,986 66,061

Florida 10,192 1 13,170 1 2,356 * 3,054 * 17,281 2 23,416 2 846,547 987,177

Georgia 6,231 1 8,066 1 545 * 775 * 9,327 2 10,445 2 487,241 614,355

Hawaii 52,205 73 57,022 70 362 1 450 1 7,688 11 9,291 19 71,153 81,314

Idaho 458 1 385 1 990 2 1,100 2 0 0 0 * 45,277 57,752

Illinois 8,527 2 7,665 1 1,023 * 1,203 * 3,114 1 0 * 563,522 540,688

Indiana 482 * 574 1 272 * 216 * 2,847 3 0 * 111,875 114,194

Iowa 1,944 3 1,841 3 662 1 628 1 675 1 705 1 65,316 65,084

Kansas 2,265 3 2,335 3 1,566 2 1,762 2 515 1 194 * 89,404 91,560

Kentucky 1,644 1 1,600 * 454 * 509 * 2,056 1 0 * 293,307 323,210

Louisiana 5,053 1 8,740 2 2,825 1 2,818 1 45 0 0 * 344,320 351,141

Maine 328 1 319 1 103 * 143 1 68 * 563 2 26,253 26,404

Maryland 3,362 2 3,088 2 619 * 619 * 0 0 0 0 151,956 146,874

Massachusetts 15,833 7 15,569 7 661 * 857 * 0 0 0 0 225,640 234,954

Michigan 8,973 2 8,776 2 6,660 1 6,872 1 0 * 0 * 562,053 570,731

Minnesota 16,109 11 15,037 11 9,620 6 8,647 7 0 0 0 0 149,705 130,925

Mississippi 1,252 * 1,778 1 427 * 0 * 48 * 359 * 271,468 282,808

Missouri 1,637 1 1,552 1 564 * 589 * 10 * 0 0 168,123 177,856

Montana 299 1 356 1 11,120 29 12,112 30 190 * 0 * 38,193 40,609

Nebraska 545 1 693 1 1,872 4 1,868 4 0 0 0 0 44,408 47,172

Nevada 1,874 3 2,103 3 1,363 2 1,622 3 19 * 0 * 54,989 63,153

New Hampshire 233 1 283 1 40 * 57 * 88 0 31 * 17,941 19,238

New Jersey 6,414 2 9,057 3 4,658 2 574 * 2,412 1 355 * 277,921 271,121

New Mexico 1,000 1 822 1 26,856 19 23,088 17 1,319 1 0 * 144,768 132,786

New York 39,110 5 33,232 5 5,680 1 4,000 1 3,554 * 0 0 770,226 695,329

North Carolina 4,425 1 5,379 1 11,916 4 11,917 3 7,235 2 9,393 2 337,790 392,360

North Dakota 177 1 154 1 5,217 26 5,392 27 0 0 0 * 19,754 19,839

Ohio 3,231 1 3,353 1 826 * 847 * 10,703 2 0 * 456,676 475,356

Oklahoma 2,337 1 2,162 1 59,210 23 64,518 23 887 * 864 * 255,117 278,626

Oregon 4,590 4 4,600 4 3,803 3 3,803 3 3,196 3 0 * 113,396 118,637

Pennsylvania 12,029 3 14,531 3 524 * 620 * 1,928 * 0 * 442,632 443,016

Rhode Island 2,280 9 58 * 80 * 0 25,390

South Carolina 1,659 1 2,113 1 758 * 874 * 1,632 1 0 * 233,711 250,331

South Dakota 134 1 176 1 7,861 35 9,799 38 0 0 0 0 22,781 25,940

Tennessee 1,884 1 2,120 1 1,034 * 1,806 * 0 * 0 0 282,610 363,106

Texas 26,398 1 29,794 1 5,359 * 6,017 * 0 0 0 0 2,106,219 2,250,096

Utah 2,981 5 3,414 5 3,708 6 2,513 3 217 * 0 * 65,460 74,752

Vermont 326 1 119 * 31 * 24,851

Virginia 2,796 2 4,502 3 286 * 395 * 687 * 942 1 143,523 172,351

Washington 15,842 7 17,059 7 9,605 5 10,647 4 0 0 0 0 211,988 241,540

West Virginia 315 * 333 * 99 * 89 * 0 0 0 0 129,847 135,321

Wisconsin 6,835 4 7,457 5 3,597 2 3,701 2 0 0 0 0 157,507 164,951

Wyoming 110 1 1,711 12 13 * 14,324

Bureau of Indian 

Affairs 0 0 46,476 100 0 0 0 46,476

Puerto Rico 43 * 0 * 0 0 0 0 176 * 484 * 514,004 446,147

Total 488,873 3 528,860 3 332,513 2 283,843 2 112,312 1 92,006 1 15,376,259 15,911,392

* Less than 0.5 percent.

Note: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

The number of participants shown in this table does not equal the figure reported in Table 3 because that table summarizes state-reported by-grade 

information. (The totals shown in Table 3 are based on data reported in the by-grade section of the CSPR.) In some states, the total number of participants 

reported by racial and ethnic classification differs from the total number reported by grade.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002

–03 Page 18

Table 7

Number and Percentage of Title I Participants, by Racial and Ethnic Classification, 1979-80 through 2002-03

Year

Native American, 

Asian, and Other Percent of Total

Black, nonHispanicPercent 

of Total Hispanic

Percent 

of Total

White, 

nonHispanicPercent 

of Total

Total Racial 

and Ethnic

1979-1980 173,685 4 1,371,304 31 702,940 16 2,324,433 53 4,398,677

1980-1981 186,120 4 1,299,725 31 859,108 20 2,049,795 49 4,208,628

1981-1982 131,789 4 1,002,116 31 582,408 18 1,699,030 52 3,283,554

1982-1983 138,721 4 1,040,510 31 730,699 22 1,558,123 47 3,329,332

1983-1984 188,138 5 1,122,407 30 924,517 24 1,747,691 46 3,794,615

1984-1985 174,870 4 1,252,817 30 898,994 22 1,962,436 48 4,114,247

1985-1986 192,984 4 1,319,907 29 1,106,902 25 2,089,988 46 4,516,797

1986-1987 199,585 4 1,301,106 29 1,144,865 25 2,054,588 46 4,500,559

1987-1988 226,491 5 1,367,197 29 1,231,874 26 2,121,428 45 4,720,499

1988-1989 227,938 5 1,368,893 28 1,275,526 27 2,165,591 45 4,810,010

1989-1990 244,177 5 1,445,326 29 1,359,025 27 2,162,953 44 4,967,304

1990-1991 256,746 5 1,487,977 29 1,439,549 28 2,183,894 43 5,111,420

1991-1992 288,353 5 1,590,927 29 1,608,146 29 2,316,446 42 5,515,519

1992-1993 314,162 5 1,682,765 28 1,823,057 31 2,412,572 41 5,918,394

1993-1994 300,640 5 1,705,518 28 1,923,354 32 2,464,649 40 6,093,521

1994-1995 312,665 5 1,712,631 27 2,103,346 33 2,466,949 39 6,282,926

1995-1996+

Am. Indian 

and Alaskan 

Native

Percent of 

Total

Asian and 

Pacific 

Islander

Percent 

of Total Other

Percent of 

Total

1996-1997 201,407 2 351,513 3 32,708 * 3,098,362 28 3,378,972 31 3,986,285 36 11,049,247

1997-1998 270,164 2 391,634 3 131,276 1 3,571,637 29 3,651,617 30 4,339,246 35 12,355,574

1998-1999 286,478 2 413,349 3 110,958 1 3,681,781 28 4,016,656 30 4,676,136 35 13,185,358

1999-2000 298,445 2 494,397 3 138,753 1 3,911,668 28 4,295,845 30 4,999,045 35 14,138,153

2000-2001 309,207 2 435,871 3 121,375 1 4,023,856 27 4,808,990 33 5,058,361 34 14,757,660

2001--2002 332,513 2 488,873 3 112,312 1 4,142,798 27 5,241,402 34 5,216,951 34 15,534,849

2002-2003 283,843 2 528,860 3 92,006 1 4,258,206 27 5,263,572 33 5,484,905 35 15,911,392

* Less than 0.5 percent.

+ No state performance report information was collected for the 1995-96 school year.

Note: Percents (across) may not add to 100 due to rounding.

The number of participants shown in this table does not equal the figure reported in Table 3 because that table summarizes state-reported, by-grade information. (The totals shown in 

Table 3 are based on data reported in the by-grade section of the CSPR.) In some states, the total number of participants reported by racial and ethnic classification CSPR.) In some 

states, the total number of participants reported by racial and ethnic classification differs from the total number reported by grade.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 19

Table 8

Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and Schoolwide

Program (SWP) Title I Participants with Disabilities, by State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

2001-02 2002-03

State

Total Public 

SWP + TAS 

Participants

Total Students 

with 

Disabilities, 

TAS + SWP

Percent 

of Total

Total Public 

SWP + TAS 

Participants

Total Students 

with 

Disabilities, 

TAS + SWP

Percent 

of Total

Alabama 289,289 34,506 12 310,851 43,474 14

Alaska 29,169 4,596 16 19,677 2,514 13

Arizona 377,459 39,613 10 429,814 41,190 10

Arkansas 177,356 22,382 13 173,277 1,702 1

California 2,814,185 251,409 9 3,014,650 283,149 9

Colorado 109,081 11,786 11 124,136 8,557 7

Connecticut 85,506 7,742 9 97,343 9,703 10

Delaware 25,942 3,829 15 32,605 4,442 14

District of Columbia 69,044 8,806 13 65,223 7,530 12

Florida 842,152 113,909 14 914,902 140,993 15

Georgia 493,571 63,128 13 638,276 84,432 13

Hawaii 72,589 8,932 12 81,314 10,324 13

Idaho 45,473 4,853 11 46,353 5,002 11

Illinois 578,137 65,404 11 531,813 58,493 11

Indiana 111,785 16,390 15 117,362 17,381 15

Iowa 59,905 6,636 11 61,155 6,618 11

Kansas 91,624 8,230 9 91,557 8,934 10

Kentucky 297,967 44,514 15 328,393 47,864 15

Louisiana 346,399 52,971 15 372,152 48,935 13

Maine 27,219 3,106 11 25,908 3,106 12

Maryland 150,141 17,622 12 146,874 12,040 8

Massachusetts 210,967 34,312 16 234,954 40,425 17

Michigan 549,025 63,253 12 570,730 49,239 9

Minnesota 144,434 23,657 16 130,925 25,354 19

Mississippi 271,469 19,293 7 292,897 21,651 7

Missouri 174,636 22,290 13 176,678 20,667 12

Montana 38,581 4,831 13 40,609 4,666 11

Nebraska 44,509 6,139 14 47,188 6,261 13

Nevada 54,679 6,707 12 63,153 7,468 12

New Hampshire 16,988 1,733 10 18,221 2,256 12

New Jersey 287,741 17,164 6 271,121 22,406 8

New Mexico 141,451 26,226 19 134,080 21,429 16

New York 771,244 173,121 22 704,157 133,602 19

North Carolina 358,069 54,265 15 392,760 62,783 16

North Dakota 18,259 3,545 19 19,120 4,181 22

Ohio 470,413 66,597 14 486,806 72,579 15

Oklahoma 261,707 35,766 14 278,626 41,351 15

Oregon 121,419 17,652 15 122,879 17,652 14

Pennsylvania 442,518 13,332 3 443,016 13,465 3

Rhode Island 25,578 6,395 25

South Carolina 237,914 38,541 16 258,954 41,272 16

South Dakota 22,069 2,674 12 24,893 5,408 22

Tennessee 283,578 41,949 15 309,952 43,758 14

Texas 2,106,369 278,566 13 2,250,096 298,210 13

Utah 65,930 7,499 11 71,706 7,070 10

Vermont 26,461 3,726 14

Virginia 147,896 20,818 14 169,166 23,469 14

Washington 214,549 22,716 11 239,726 26,668 11

West Virginia 127,224 15,143 12 135,065 14,571 11

Wisconsin 150,624 11,460 8 160,244 20,815 13

Wyoming 15,845 2,367 15

Bureau of Indian Affairs 46,476 7,936 17

Puerto Rico 513,672 40,441 8 493,813 44,590 9

Total 15,456,287 1,880,478 12 16,165,170 1,939,649 12

Note: The total number of students shown in this table is taken from the by-grade figures reported by the states.

In this table, the figures for TAS and SWP are combined, as a small number of states were unable to provide this information 

separately.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 20

Table 9

Number and Percentage of Total Title I Participants with Limited English Proficiency (LEP), by 

State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

2001-02 2002-03

State

Total Title I 

Participants+

Total Title I 

Students with 

LEP

Percent 

of Total

Total Title I 

Participants+

Total Title I 

Students with 

LEP

Percent 

of Total

Alabama 292,331 4,121 1 313,433 5,006 2

Alaska 31,319 10,986 35 19,776 6,716 34

Arizona 380,861 128,809 34 433,394 138,803 32

Arkansas 178,756 9,424 5 175,004 5,938 3

California 2,870,795 1,072,250 37 3,075,630 1,136,677 37

Colorado 110,252 19,764 18 125,417 15,388 12

Connecticut 87,970 12,281 14 99,971 11,853 12

Delaware 26,625 1,049 4 33,709 1,678 5

District of Columbia 70,808 4,805 7 66,269 5,400 8

Florida 847,993 109,457 13 916,902 114,380 12

Georgia 496,917 20,360 4 642,104 29,129 5

Hawaii 72,725 6,637 9 81,610 7,718 9

Idaho 46,365 8,062 17 47,177 6,500 14

Illinois 589,709 44,975 8 543,270 65,338 12

Indiana 116,350 3,963 3 121,947 5,082 4

Iowa 63,494 3,639 6 65,084 5,085 8

Kansas 95,432 12,638 13 95,767 11,358 12

Kentucky 300,941 3,302 1 330,425 3,891 1

Louisiana 356,011 4,041 1 382,241 5,196 1

Maine 27,628 651 2 26,404 428 2

Maryland 152,959 9,234 4 150,327 9,321 6

Massachusetts 218,203 27,063 12 242,348 25,211 10

Michigan 555,302 17,709 3 572,972 11,938 2

Minnesota 157,182 26,345 17 140,927 26,866 19

Mississippi 276,499 1,392 1 294,872 1,093 *

Missouri 181,785 4,712 3 185,058 4,698 3

Montana 39,245 4,649 12 41,499 5,229 13

Nebraska 47,729 4,705 10 51,065 6,001 12

Nevada 56,113 20,028 36 63,749 22,902 36

New Hampshire 17,114 867 5 18,446 968 5

New Jersey 298,343 25,225 8 278,494 21,208 8

New Mexico 143,875 41,952 29 136,633 42,640 31

New York 810,794 97,858 12 746,972 105,760 14

North Carolina 358,637 23,660 7 393,761 29,809 8

North Dakota 18,840 746 4 19,839 724 4

Ohio 476,864 6,079 1 489,233 11,370 2

Oklahoma 262,409 20,271 8 279,572 23,067 8

Oregon 123,471 20,403 17 124,971 20,616 16

Pennsylvania 468,467 19,885 4 468,994 20,282 4

Rhode Island -- -- --

South Carolina 238,297 3,000 * 259,426 3,837 1

South Dakota 22,845 2,468 11 26,327 2,236 8

Tennessee 292,381 5,835 2 317,151 7,160 2

Texas 2,122,581 490,848 23 2,271,436 524,267 23

Utah 66,102 16,022 24 71,966 16,411 23

Vermont 26,962 443 2

Virginia 150,080 9,000 6 171,354 11,115 6

Washington 216,674 39,403 18 241,540 43,524 18

West Virginia 127,968 108 * 135,758 111 *

Wisconsin 157,836 19,724 12 164,895 13,082 8

Wyoming 15,923 1,590 10

Bureau of Indian Affairs 46,476 26,836 58

Puerto Rico 534,710 13,481 3 517,087 4,821 1

Total 15,745,948 2,482,755 16 16,472,206 2,597,831 16

* Less than 0.5 percent.

+ The Total Title I figure used in this table includes the figures reported for TAS, SWP, Private, and Local N or D combined.

Notes: Rhode Island was unable to provide information for this item for 2001-02. In some states, the counts of limited English 

proficient students may include Private and Local Neglected or Delinquent (N or D) students.

TAS = Targeted assistance schools

SWP = Schoolwide program schools
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 21

Table 10

Number and Percentage of Total Public Targeted Assistance School (TAS) and Schoolwide 

Program (SWP) Title I Participants Classified as Migrant, by State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 

2002-03

2001-02 2002-03

State

Total Public 

Participants

Number of 

Migrant 

students

Percent 

of Total

Total Public 

Participants

Number of 

Migrant 

students

Percent 

of Total

Alabama 289,289 3,795 1 310,851 4,214 1

Alaska 29,169 4,186 14 19,677 3,788 19

Arizona 377,459 11,219 3 429,814 10,259 2

Arkansas 177,356 6,218 4 173,277 3,451 2

California 2,814,185 129,093 5 3,014,650 156,683 5

Colorado 109,081 2,827 3 124,136 1,728 1

Connecticut 85,506 2,225 3 97,343 1,942 2

Delaware 25,942 142 1 32,605 169 1

District of Columbia 69,044 786 1 65,223 771 1

Florida 842,152 29,105 3 914,902 30,150 3

Georgia 493,571 9,224 2 638,276 7,101 1

Hawaii 72,589 1,774 2 81,314 1,156 1

Idaho 45,473 3,513 8 46,353 3,800 8

Illinois 578,137 2,159 * 531,813 2,459 *

Indiana 111,785 1,068 1 117,362 873 1

Iowa 59,905 1,355 2 61,155 1,689 3

Kansas 91,624 6,231 7 91,557 4,832 5

Kentucky 297,967 5,877 2 328,393 5,797 2

Louisiana 346,399 2,554 1 372,152 3,407 1

Maine 27,219 1,453 5 25,908 1,410 5

Maryland 150,141 130 * 146,874 93 *

Massachusetts 210,967 933 * 234,954 1,056 *

Michigan 549,025 1,399 * 570,730 2,776 *

Minnesota 144,434 1,569 1 130,925 1,640 1

Mississippi 271,469 984 * 292,897 614 *

Missouri 174,636 1,029 1 176,678 879 *

Montana 38,581 235 1 40,609 124 *

Nebraska 44,509 1,902 4 47,188 2,188 5

Nevada 54,679 148 * 63,153 217 *

New Hampshire 16,988 13 * 18,221 20 *

New Jersey 287,741 2,610 1 271,121 4,463 2

New Mexico -- -- -- 134,080 2,155 2

New York 771,244 1,142 * 704,157 6,159 1

North Carolina 358,069 6,194 2 392,760 8,217 2

North Dakota -- -- -- -- -- --

Ohio 470,413 814 * 486,806 858 *

Oklahoma 261,707 2,735 1 278,626 2,469 1

Oregon 121,419 11,441 9 122,879 10,029 8

Pennsylvania 442,518 1,378 * 443,016 1,288 *

Rhode Island -- -- --

South Carolina 237,914 696 * 258,954 422 *

South Dakota 22,069 280 1 24,893 335 1

Tennessee 283,578 288 * 309,952 442 *

Texas 2,106,369 21,442 1 2,250,096 22,662 1

Utah 65,930 3,161 5 71,706 3,760 5

Vermont 26,461 377 1

Virginia -- -- -- 169,166 318 *

Washington 214,549 29,164 14 239,726 22,200 9

West Virginia 127,224 51 * 135,065 51 *

Wisconsin 150,624 405 * 160,244 602 *

Wyoming 15,845 167 1

Bureau of Indian Affairs -- -- --

Puerto Rico -- -- -- 493,813 11,665 --

Total 14,562,955 315,491 2 16,146,050 353,381 2

* Less than 0.5 percent.

Notes: The total number of children shown in this table is taken from the by-grade figures reported by the states. In this table, the 

figures for TAS and SWP are combined, as a number of states were unable to provide this information separately. The totals 

shown here do not reflect data from all states. This figure increased to four states (New Mexico, North Dakota, Rhode Island,
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 22

and Virginia), Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Puerto Rico for 2001-02. This figure decreased to one state (North Dakota) for 

2002-03.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 23

Table 11

Total Title I Participants, by Service Area, in Public Targeted Assistance Schools (TAS), 2001-02 

and 2002-03

2001-02 2002-03

Number

Percent of all 

Public TAS

Title I 

Participants 

Served Number

Percent of all 

Public TAS

Title I 

Participants 

Served

Instructional Services

Reading/Language Arts 1,924,116 78 1,869,783 79

Mathematics 1,156,091 47 1,130,382 48

Science 319,616 13 376,542 16

Social Studies 315,235 13 303,971 13

Other Instructional Services* 43,550 2 46,288 2

Total Instructional Services 

(Duplicated Count) 3,758,608 3,726,966

Supporting Services

Guidance/Counseling/Social Work 457,254 19 284,347 12

Health/Dental 259,856 11 251,676 11

Other Supporting Services** 150,995 6 125,644 5

Total Supporting Services 

(Duplicated Count) 868,105 661,667

Unduplicated Public TAS Participant 

Count 2,459,619 2,356,235

Note: The total instructional and supporting service figures shown in this table represent duplicated counts in that a single student 

may receive more than one of the services. The public TAS participant count is unduplicated in that it represents the actual 

number of public TAS students. For this count, each student is counted only once.

* Other instructional services include those for preschool and early childhood; tutoring; basic skills development; readiness 

development; English as a Second Language (ESL) and bilingual; arts, recreational, and living; practical living; technology; and 

Spanish, among others.

** Other supporting services include the provision of transportation, nutrition, speech therapy, clothing, field trips, home visit, job 

preparation, physical education, and a school nurse, among others.
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 24

Table 12

Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) TAS Staff, by State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

Teachers Teacher Aides

State 2001-02 2002-03

Percent 

Change 2001--02 2002-03

Percent 

Change

Alabama 434.7 327.4 -25 324.8 114.1 -65

Alaska 54.8 74.6 36 97.0 90.0 -7

Arizona 801.6 1,229.5 53 919.4 850.8 -7

Arkansas 987.0 353.0 -64 159.6 0.0 -100

California 2,104.2 1,496.0 -29 3,406.5 2,889.0 -15

Colorado 1,102.9 228.1

Connecticut 383.7 415.3 8 432.7 417.2 -4

Delaware 178.0 178.1 0 223.4 214.2 -4

District of Columbia 0.2 1.3 550 0.0 1.0 0

Florida 1,549.0 1,007.0

Georgia 547.8 283.9 -48 0.0 56.4 --

Hawaii 0.0 1.0 0 1.3 1.0 -23

Idaho 222.0 251.0 13 363.0 319.0 -12

Illinois 3,249.2 2,876.7 -11 1,473.2 1,099.0 -25

Indiana 635.0 687.1 8 1,075.8 906.2 -16

Iowa 1,085.9 1,162.4 7 158.6 172.0 8

Kansas 488.4 442.0 -10 314.5 305.6 -3

Kentucky 254.0 172.0 -32 415.0 194.0 -53

Louisiana 193.5 273.3 41 308.1 263.1 -15

Maine 318.3 337.5 6 724.3 658.8 -9

Maryland 141.1 156.5 11 165.0 121.2 -27

Massachusetts 829.8 1,044.9 26 422.0 440.5 4

Michigan 688.8 654.4 -5 3,015.9 2,865.1 -5

Minnesota 1,361.0 1,191.0 -12 1,195.0 1,564.0 31

Mississippi 189.0 172.0 -9 194.0 207.0 7

Missouri 1,561.0 1,595.0 2 639.0 594.0 -7

Montana 334.0 361.2 8 333.3 355.4 7

Nebraska 295.9 298.4 1 171.7 177.4 933

Nevada 16.5 27.6 67 18.8 23.8 27

New Hampshire 202.7 222.1 10 241.7 264.5 9

New Jersey 1,988.5 1,933.3 -3 506.2 574.6 14

New Mexico 227.3 204.6 -10 177.6 114.8 -35

New York 5,127.0 7,998.0 56 520.0 386.0 -26

North Carolina 538.6 617.2 15 278.8 273.9 -2

North Dakota 360.0 415.0 15 193.0 154.0 -20

Ohio 1,797.0 1,665.0 -7 293.0 291.0 -1

Oklahoma 483.4 442.8 -8 181.8 137.5 -24

Oregon 264.3 264.3 0 471.5 471.5 0

Pennsylvania 2,501.9 2,494.4 0 1,081.5 1,049.4 -3

Rhode Island 125.5 25.5

South Carolina 100.6 112.6 12 54.0 34.8 -36

South Dakota 305.3 352.4 15 131.0 -100

Tennessee 452.0 431.4 -5 466.0 422.4 -9

Texas 825.0 3,399.0 312 473.0 881.0 86

Utah 136.0 87.0 -36 720.0 378.0 -48

Vermont 160.8 85.3

Virginia 884.5 1,054.3 19 372.4 406.1 9

Washington 574.4 486.6 -15 754.8 713.7 -5

West Virginia 322.6 377.6 17 45.3 23.3 -49

Wisconsin 1,105.3 1,086.9 -2 399.1 404.1 1

Wyoming 200.0 112.0

Bureau of Indian Affairs 0

Puerto Rico 137.0 140.0 2 13.0 10.0 -23

Total 38,827.0 39,847.6 3 25,383.5 21,890.4 -7

Table 12 continues on the next page
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 25

Table 12 (continued)

Title I-Funded Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) TAS Staff, by State or Jurisdiction, 2001-02 and 2002-03

Administrators Support Staff Other Staff Total+

State 2001-02 2002--03

Percent 

Change 2001-02 2002-03

Percent 

Change 2001-02 2002-03

Percent 

Change 2001-02 2002-03

Alabama 39.2 20.4 -48 77.7 89.3 15 22.4 22.2 -1 898.8 573.4

Alaska 6.9 10.3 49 17.5 16.3 -7 2.1 6.3 200 178.3 197.5

Arizona 53.0 109.6 107 258.4 390.5 51 14.6 40.5 177 2,047.0 2,620.9

Arkansas 30.3 7.0 -77 222.3 0.0 -100 0.0 5.0 -- 1,399.2 365.0

California 168.4 348.0 107 800.3 728.0 -9 194.1 94.0 -52 6,673.5 5,555.0

Colorado 16.6 -100 168.2 18.7 1,534.5

Connecticut 51.6 56.2 9 45.1 41.8 -7 67.7 132.9 96 980.8 1,063.4

Delaware 9.8 10.4 6 34.5 10.6 -69 20.3 12.9 -36 466.0 426.2

District of Columbia 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 -- 0.0 0.0 0 0.2 2.3

Florida 51.0 249.0 48.0 2,904.0

Georgia 28.8 14.9 -48 384.4 119.5 -69 0.0 0.0 0 961.0 474.7

Hawaii 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0 1.3 2.0

Idaho 16.0 17.3 8 70.0 60.0 -14 8.0 0.0 -100 679.0 647.3

Illinois 228.4 218.3 -4 229.2 238.3 4 367.4 187.6 -49 5,547.4 4,619.9

Indiana 55.2 50.3 -9 215.6 76.2 -65 0.0 28.7 0 1,981.6 1,748.5

Iowa 0.0 0.0 0 23.5 31.6 34 0.0 0.0 0 1,268.0 1,366.0

Kansas 17.5 11.6 -34 10.5 5.3 -50 2.0 12.2 510 832.9 776.7

Kentucky 0.0 0.0 0 9.0 0.0 -100 8.0 0.0 -100 686.0 366.0

Louisiana 42.6 24.4 -43 52.7 64.4 22 25.3 16.0 -37 622.2 641.2

Maine 16.8 22.3 33 0.0 2.0 0 0.0 6.9 0 1,059.4 1,027.5

Maryland 12.9 2.7 -79 14.0 7.7 -45 53.3 9.4 -82 386.3 297.5

Massachusetts 76.3 51.8 -32 56.6 19.5 -66 0.0 59.1 0 1,384.7 1,615.8

Michigan 40.0 38.0 -5 86.7 61.8 -29 0.0 0.0 -- 3,831.4 3,619.3

Minnesota 227.0 103.0 -55 217.0 56.0 -74 0.0 223.0 -- 3,000.0 3,137.0

Mississippi 14.0 17.0 21 44.0 55.0 25 8.0 0.0 -100 449.0 451.0

Missouri 12.0 13.0 8 31.0 38.0 23 10.0 7.0 -30 2,253.0 2,247.0

Montana 18.2 12.6 -31 27.0 43.5 61 5.8 8.1 40 718.3 780.8

Nebraska 9.7 9.7 0 4.8 4.8 0 1.9 1.9 0 484.0 492.2

Nevada 1.0 0.3 -70 0.6 1.1 0 0.0 0.0 0 36.9 52.8

New Hampshire 26.6 30.1 13 51.5 32.6 -37 29.9 38.5 29 552.4 587.8

New Jersey 99.0 83.4 -16 40.6 69.6 71 49.1 0.0 -100 2,683.4 2,660.9

New Mexico 15.0 5.2 -65 37.4 16.1 -57 0.0 0.0 -- 457.3 340.7

New York 142.0 610.0 330 1,417.0 240.0 -83 0.0 1,309.0 -- 7,206.0 10,543.0

North Carolina 10.4 37.2 258 34.1 44.3 30 30.9 29.0 -6 892.8 1,001.6

North Dakota 25.0 23.0 -8 0.0 0.0 0 21.0 24.0 14 599.0 616.0

Ohio 29.0 59.0 103 43.0 15.0 -65 5.0 11.0 120 2,167.0 2,041.0

Oklahoma 18.5 17.0 -8 17.8 27.8 56 17.2 17.5 2 718.7 642.6

Oregon 24.0 24.0 0 65.5 65.5 0 9.7 0.0 -100 835.0 825.3

Pennsylvania 100.6 97.2 -3 133.4 138.2 4 22.3 20.1 -10 3,839.7 3,799.3

Rhode Island 6.1 4.5 3.0 164.6

South Carolina 3.9 3.7 -5 5.5 4.2 -24 3.0 2.0 -33 167.0 157.3

South Dakota 21.6 22.5 4 16.4 44.8 174 4.3 0.0 -100 478.6 419.7

Tennessee 35.3 40.7 15 55.3 24.4 -56 42.2 26.5 -37 1,050.8 945.4

Texas 43.0 247.0 474 127.0 523.0 312 68.0 175.0 157 1,536.0 5,225.0

Utah 15.0 9.0 -40 188.0 12.0 -94 11.0 0.0 0 1,070.0 486.0

Vermont 15.6 3.7 0.8 266.2

Virginia 153.8 54.5 -65 131.1 79.3 -39 14.6 22.0 51 1,556.4 1,616.2

Washington 24.4 28.6 17 76.5 64.4 -16 8.0 6.2 -23 1,438.1 1,299.5

West Virginia 17.3 14.5 -16 18.5 5.4 -71 16.7 18.1 8 420.4 438.9

Wisconsin 51.3 40.1 -22 85.8 47.5 -45 25.9 20.7 -20 1,667.4 1,599.3

Wyoming 16.5 30.0 0.0 358.5

Bureau of Indian Affairs -- -- -- --

Puerto Rico 2.0 3.0 50 36.0 49.0 36 0.0 0.0 0 188.0 202.0

Total 2,139.1 2,618.8 22 5,968.0 3,664.5 -39 1,260.2 2,593.3 106 73,577.8 70,615.0

* Less than 0.5 percent.

FTE = Full-time equivalent

+ The figures in this total column include the FTE staff reported by the states in all five staffing categories: administrators, teachers, teacher aides, 

support staff, and other.

Notes: Two states (Colorado and Florida) did not submit counts of TAS FTE staff for the 2002-03 reporting year. The category “Other Staff” 

includes clerical, parent coordinator and liaison, bus driver, truant officer, health coordinator, and secretary. The Bureau of Indian Affairs 

did not have any targeted assistance school (TAS) participants for 2001-02 or 2002-03. 
State ESEA Title I Participation Information for 2002-03 Page 26

Table 13

Title I Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Teachers and Teacher Aides, 1979-80 through 2002-03

Teachers Teacher Aides

Year Number

Percent of 

Total Staff Number

Percent of 

Total Staff

Number of 

Total Staff

1979-1980 77,782 40 86,826 45 194,403

1980-1981 80,078 43 80,938 44 185,925

1981-1982 74,786 45 67,536 40 167,748

1982-1983 68,590 46 58,093 39 149,220

1983-1984 68,627 46 57,479 38 150,277

1984-1985 72,797 46 61,380 39 158,967

1985-1986 69,014 45 59,058 39 151,936

1986-1987 64,143 46 55,530 39 140,691

1987-1988 65,668 46 56,078 39 143,675

1988-1989 68,149 45 60,544 40 150,816

1989-1990 68,554 46 61,282 41 149,275

1990-1991 71,109 45 65,232 41 158,270

1991-1992 77,344 45 69,806 41 171,830

1992-1993 82,294 45 74,342 41 182,496

1993-1994 85,565 45 77,811 40 192,165

1994-1995 85,288 45 77,811 41 189,528

1995-1996+

1996-1997** 60,959 46 52,182 39 132,322

1997-1998 60,567 48 47,267 38 125,989

1998-1999 45,661 48 34,308 36 95,104

1999-2000 42,223 44 38,798 41 95,502

2000-2001 41,552 44 36,561 39 93,977

2001-2002 38,827 53 25,383 34 73,578

2002-2003 39,848 56 21,890 31 70,615

+ No State Performance Report information was collected for the 1995-96 school year.

** Starting with this reporting year, states were asked to report information for only Targeted Assistance (TAS) schools. In 1996-97, the 

information submitted by the states was nearly equally divided between those states which submitted information for TAS schools only 

and those which submitted information for TAS and schoolwide (SWP) combined. By the 1998-99 reporting year, all states indicated 

that the reported data was for TAS schools only.

Note: Two states (Colorado and Florida) did not submit counts of TAS FTE staff for the 2002-03 reporting year.