. Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference 

Samples, W-2, DNC-1, and BIR-1 

' . 

U.S. GEOlOGICAl SURVEY BUllETIN 1623 

Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference 

Samples, W-2, DNC-1, and BIR-1 

By F. J. Flanagan 

Three mafic rock reference samples 

to furnish calibration points for 

trace-element data between mafic 

and ultramafic reference samples 

were prepared 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1623 
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

WILLIAM P. CLARK, Secretary 

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Dallas L. Peck, Director 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1984 

For safe by Distribution Branch 

Text Products Section 

U.S. Geological Survey 

604 South Pickett Street 

Alexandria, Virginia 22304 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Flanagan, F. j. (Francis James), 1915-

Three USGS mafic rock reference samples, W-2, DNC-1, 

and BIR-1. 

(U.S. Geological Survey bulletin; 1623) 

Bibliography: p. 

1. Alkalic igneous rocks. I. Title. II. Title: Three U.S.G.S. 

mafic rock reference samples, W-2, DNC-1, and 

BIR-1. Ill. Series. QE75.B9 no. 1623 [QE462.A4] 557.3 s 

[552' .1] 84-10160 
CONTENTS 

Abstract 1 

Introduction 1 

Diabase W-2 2 

Dolerite DNC-1 2 

Icelandic basalt BIR-1 2 

Sample processing 2 

Tables of data 3 

Analysis of variance 3 

Calculations of best values 4 

Best values 5 

Compositions of W -1 and W -2 7 

The rare-earth elements 9 

Future analytical work 10 

References 11 

FIGURE 

1. Best values for rare-earth elements normalized to chondritic abundances 10 

TABLES 

1. Analytical data for USGS-W -2 13 

2. Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 26 

3. Analytical data for USGS-BIR-1 38 

4. Determinations of Ni, Rb, and Sr by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy using 

two X-ray systems, by M. Quintin 53 

5. Determinations of trace elements in USGS-BIR-1 by spark source mass spectrometry, by K. P. Jochum and M. Seufert, Max Planck lnstitut fiir 

Chemie 53 

6. Determinations of constituents by instrumental neutron activation analysis, by 

A. V. Murali 54 

7. Calculation of a homogeneous variance for Zr data in W -2 5 

8. Calculations for the best value, X, the grand mean, for Zr data in sample W -2 

by the Studentized range S 

9. Best estimates of the compositions of samples W-1, W-2, DNC-1, and 

BIR-1 6 

10. Data for several elements by isotope dilution mass spectrometry 8 

11. Contributions of individual constituents to X2 8 

12. Laboratory averages for several constituents of W -2 9 

13. Some trace element contents of USGS mafic and ultramafic samples 11 

Contents Ill 

Three USGS Mafic Rock 

Reference Samples, W-2, 

DNC-1, and BIR-1 

By F. j. Flanagan 

Abstract 

Analytical data and best values are presented for three 

new U.S. Geological Survey mafic rock reference samples: 

W-2, another portion of the diabase at Centreville, Va., which 

replaces W-1; DNC-1, a dolerite from North Carolina; and 

BIR-1, an Icelandic basalt. The supplies of each powdered 

sample are expected to last 30 years or more. Best values for 

an oxide or element in a sample were calculated by the sequential procedure of (1) calculating a homogeneous variance 

for sets of six determinations for a constituent, (2) calculating 

from this variance the standard deviation of the means of six 

determinations, and (3) using this standard deviation to 

Studentize the range of means to decide which means could 

have been derived from the same population. 

The chondrite-normalized abundances of rare-earth 

elements, calculated from best values for the three samples, 

show that the contents of light rare-earth elements are low in 

DNC-1 and are very low in BIR-1. Future data by isotope dilution mass spectrometry will result in smoother rare-earth element plots for the three samples. In addition to data for the 

light rare-earth elements, there are best values or magnitudes 

for other trace elements whose contents decrease with 

decreasing amounts of K20 in the samples. Data for other 

elements useful in geochemical studies are desirable, 

especially for samples DNC-1 and BIR-1. Determinations of 

several elements, including gold and the platinum group 

metals, were not reported. 

INTRODUCTION 

The three U.S. Geological Survey mafic rocks 

generally used as standards for low-level concentrations 

of residual or lithophilic trace elements are W -1, from 

the diabase at Centreville, Va., BCR-1 from the Columbia River Basalt Group, and BHV0-1, a Hawaiian 

basalt. The trace element contents of these three standards differ greatly from those of the ultramafic samples, 

peridotite PCC-1 and dunite DTS-1 (the Twin Sisters 

dunite; Ragan, 1963). Unfortunately, the supply of W-1 

was exhausted in 1972, and supplies of BCR-1 and 

DTS-1 were so low that they were removed from the list 

of available samples in late 1975. Because we needed not 

only to replace the mafic and ultramafic samples but also 

to provide trace element data in the compositional gap 

between mafic and ultramafic reference samples, we considered three gabbro samples that have been processed in 

the last decade. 

The Mont-Royal Gabbro, MRG-1, was described 

by Perrault and others (1974); Abbey (1980) listed usable 

values for 38 trace elements, adding a question mark 

after data for 23 elements to indicate some uncertainty in 

the values. Perrault and others (1974) described the sample as an augite-olivine gabbro, but the sample appears 

not to be as petrologically important as other gabbros 

that have a greater geographic distribution. 

Data for another gabbro, GOG-1 (Gruppo 

Ofioliti, Gabbro, 1), were published by Boy and Mazzucotelli (1976) and by Mazzucotelli and others (1976). 

Benedetti and others (1977) have summarized data for 10 

major and minor oxides and for 17 trace elements as 

averages and standard deviations. Neither a description 

of the sample nor the location from which the sample was 

collected has been published. Sample GOG-1 is from a 

northern Appenine ophiolite sequence, the Bracco Massif 

(A. Mazzucotelli, written commun., 1980). Only limited 

analytical data, including those reported by Harris and 

others (1981), are available for this sample. 

The third gabbro, USGS-GSM-1, is a sample of 

the San Marcos Gabbro (Miller, 1937) described by 

Larsen (1948). Most published data for GSM-1 appear in 

Harris and others (1981). 

Thus, problems of some type are associated with all 

three gabbros. We therefore decided to recollect a large 

amount of the diabase at Centreville, which had been 

used by geochemists for three decades, and to collect 

large quantities of two other samples, which contained 

elemental concentrations similar to those in island-arc 

tholeiites, ocean-ridge basalts, and primitive continental 

tholeiites and hence could furnish two calibration points 

between the diabase at Centreville and the ultramafic 

rocks. 

Introduction 
DIABASE W-2 

Diabase W -1 was a valuable reference sample until 

the supply was exhausted in 1972; it was decided to 

replace the sample with material from the same source. 

Eight hundred pounds (- 360 kg) of the rock was collected in late 1976 from the Bull Run (now Luck) Quarry 

on U.S. Route 29-211, about 3 mi (5 km) west-southwest 

of Centreville, Va. The sample was collected at the foot 

of the northeast wall of the quarry, about 650ft (200m) 

from Route 29-211. Care was taken to collect fresh 

material recently blasted from the wall of the quarry, 

avoiding any pieces that showed alteration products, such 

as chlorite, or small inclusions not part of the diabase. 

Hand specimens of the rock for W -1 and for W -2, 

the present sample, are indistinguishable; the petrography of the rock was discussed by Chayes (1951). The 

entire lot of sample was processed and was numbered 

W -2. About 2500 1-oz (30-mL) bottles were filled for 

distribution; the rest of the powdered rock was stored in 

plastic bags placed inside cardboard boxes. 

DOLERITE DNC-1 

Another sample believed to be important because 

of the low levels of some lithophilic trace elements was 

one of the Triassic-Jurassic olivine-normative dolerites 

from North Carolina discussed by Ragland and others 

(1968). P. C. Ragland and J. R. Butler of the Department 

of Geology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 

collected and shipped about 500 lb (- 230 kg) of a 

homogeneous rock known locally as the Braggtown 

dolerite. The entire lot of sample was powdered, and the 

excess after filling 2500 bottles was stored in the same 

manner as the excess of W -2. 

There may be a problem in the future for someone 

who wishes to duplicate this sample. J. R. Butler (written 

commun., 1980) noted that the Braggtown Quarry, the 

site of the sample, located immediately above the word 

Braggtown (78°53'45"W, 36°01 '55"N) in the southeast 

quarter of the Northwest Durham 7.5-min quadrangle 

(topographic), is on land owned by the State Museum of 

Life and Science. Since the material for DNC-1 was collected, the Museum has erected a fence around the quarry 

so that the enclosed area can be used as a natural habitat 

for bears. 

ICELANDIC BASALT BIR-1 

Shortly after the publication of "Reference 

samples for the earth sciences" (Flanagan, 1974), in 

which a primitive basalt standard was suggested, Karl 

Gronwold of the Nordic Volcanological Institute at 

2 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

Reykjavik volunteered to supply a basalt from Iceland; a 

sample of about 500 lb (- 230 kg) of a basalt was received 

and was processed as BIR-1. Gronwold furnished the 

following description of the sample: 

"The chemical compositions of Icelandic basalts 

cover the range from typical abyssal tholeiites to alkali 

basalts. The sample was collected from that part of 

the chemical spectrum which is identical to abyssal 

tholeiites. 

"The source of the sample is one of the interglacial 

lava flows often referred to as the Reykjavik dolerites. 

The sample locality is a low hill about 10 m above the 

surroundings at a height of 100 m a.s.l. [above sea level]. 

The site is about 12 km east of Reykjavik and 800 m from 

the main road. 

"The Reykjavik dolerites are a group of lava flows 

most likely from shield volcanos dating from the youngest interglacial periods. The source crater for the sampled 

flow is buried by younger lavas. The rock is a coarsegrained olivine tholeiite, and the available data show that 

the individual flows are chemically heterogeneous. 

"The sample was collected from three adjoining 

blocks found in situ within an area of 4m2 • The surface of 

the flow has been removed by glacial erosion. The large 

pieces of the sample were taken to the laboratory and 

were broken with a sledge hammer. The resulting pieces 

were trimmed and weathered surfaces were removed 

before shipment to the USGS." 

After the rock was received by the USGS, I found 

that many pieces had to be broken by a small sledge 

hammer before they could fit between the plates of a jaw 

crusher. As with samples W-2 and DNC-1, all material 

shipped, except for a few hand specimens, was 

powdered, and the excess after filling 2500 bottles was 

stored. 

SAMPLE PROCESSING 

The supplies of samples DNC-1 and BIR-1 are expected to last about 30 years and the supply of W -2 

somewhat longer because of the larger amount of rock. 

Because of the amount of analytical work that may be 

done over these anticipated lifetimes, extra precautions 

were introduced into the general procedure (Flanagan, 

1967) for processing rock standards. 

The primary contaminant of processed rock samples is free iron (Fe0

) from the jaw crusher. This can be 

introduced when the distance between the bottom edges 

of the crusher plates is set at the minimum (- 1/8 in., or 

3 mm). If too much rock is added to the crusher, some 

partly crushed material will not pass between the bottom 

edges of the plates, and the addition of more rock will 

cause additional partly crushed material to accumulate 

above these edges. These partly crushed pieces will be 

scraped continuously by the plates until the material is 

released. 
To reduce possible contamination by free iron, the 

entire batch of a sample was frrst crushed with the plates 

separated by the maximum distance (- 3/8 in., or 10 mm). 

The bottom edges were then adjusted to about 1/8 in., 

and material from the preliminary crushing was passed 

through the narrower gap. 

The roller crusher was also used in a two-stage 

operation. Material from the jaw crushing was initially 

passed between rollers whose contact surfaces were about 

1/8 in. apart. The product was then passed between the 

rollers set at zero separation. 

The material for each batch of 135 lb ( -60 kg) of 

crushed sample was processed in the ball mill until about 

95 percent of a half pint (0.25 L) of sample withdrawn 

for testing passed a 200-mesh (0.074-mm) sieve. The 

material withdrawn for size testing was discarded. Several roughly spherical pieces of rock having an effective 

diameter of 0.5 em or less were observed occasionally. 

These pieces could not be distinguished from the original 

rock. All material of the three powdered samples was 

therefore passed over a piece of 16-mesh (0.99-mm) by 

18-mesh (0.90-mm) aluminum screen, and the oversize 

material, which amounted to less than 50 g per 250-kg 

sample, was removed. 

To estimate the fmal particle-size distribution, the 

contents of seven bottles from the randomly ordered 

stock of each of the three powdered samples were combined for sieve tests. The powdered material and the 

sieves were dried in an oven at about 105°C for more 

than an hour before screening; the size distributions obtained were as follows: 

Particle size distribution 

[In weight percent; tr, trace] 

Sieve interval W-2 DNC-1 BIR-1 

+ 100 ------------- tr tr tr 

-100 + 120 ------------- tr tr tr 

-120 +170 ------------- 2.0 1.5 .9 

-170 + 200 ------------- 2.3 2.3 1.4 

-200 ------------- 96.1 95.7 97.7 

Sun1 ----------------- 100.4 99.5 100 

Average sample 

per bottle (g) ------------- 27.8 25.1 30.6 

There has been renewed emphasis in the last 15 

years by Langmyhr (1969) and Steele (1978) to report 

analytical data on samples dried to remove hygroscopic 

water or to report data with H20- determined on a 

separate portion. The air in the grinding rooms in which 

the samples were prepared is often humid, and I decided 

to report the H20- contents of the samples shortly after 

they were prepared. Accordingly, 1-g portions of the 

three samples were dried overnight at ll0°C in weighing 

bottles; they yielded the following preliminary estimates. 

(weight percent) 

w -2 ----------

DNC-1 -------

BIR-1 --------

TABLES OF DATA 

0.29 

.37 

.06 

Data by the 81 analysts and 33 organizations 

who contributed so generously are found in tables 1-3 

(p. 13-48). The data in these tables are presented in the 

general order of conventional and rapid [principally 

atomic-absorption spectroscopic (AAS)] methods of rock 

analysis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA). Three 

analysts used some type of plasma excitation technique. 

Data by de-arc optical emission spectroscopy (DC-OES) 

were included with chemical analyses by one organization 

but were reported separately by other analysts. Data by 

spark -source mass spectrometry (SSMS) and determinations of cadmium by isotope dilution mass spectrometry 

(IDMS) are reported for the samples. Single, or occasionally duplicate, determinations by IDMS are given for 

barium, lead, and some rare-earth elements. Some major 

and minor oxides were reported as elements. These data 

were converted to oxides for calculating best values. 

Uranium and thorium determined by delayed 

neutron-activation analysis (DNAA) were reported by 

two groups of analysts, but the uranium and thorium 

contents of DNC-1 and BIR-1 are below the detection 

limits of the methods. Tables 4-6 (p. 53-54) show data 

obtained by XRF, by SSMS using two methods of calibration, and by INAA; these follow the large tables as 

the data did not fit the general scheme for the three large 

tables. 

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE 

The analysis of variance of the data that were 

amenable to the technique was made by several analysts. 

I repeated these calculations and also calculated the 

analyses of variance for the remaining data. Some 

changes were necessary for several sets of data. For example, two of the three INAA determinations of Ba for 

bottle 3 of DNC-1 in table 2 are listed as having lower 

limits of 200 and 250 ppm. As data on this ordinal scale 

of measurement (S. S. Stevens, 1946) are not amenable to 

the analysis of variance, the last datum for bottle 3 was 

discarded and the analysis of variance was made on the 

remaining six data. The necessary changes in the degrees 

of freedom are indicated in notes in a section on abbreviations and analytical methods for tables 1-3. 

Analysis of Variance 3 
One analyst reported three determinations of Ce on 

portions of three bottles of W -2 and each of the first 

determinations on the bottles is asterisked. The first 

determinations for bottles 1 and 3 obviously did not 

belong to the same population of data as the remaining 

data and were discarded. To achieve symmetry and maintain the simplicity of the analysis of variance, the frrst 

determination for the second bottle was also discarded 

and the calculations were made on the remaining six 

data. 

One analyst formed a glass disc from two portions 

from each bottle of sample and counted the response of 

several elements or oxides from three exposures of each 

disc to X-rays. His data, therefore, had two variables of 

classification, the two bottles and the glass discs, and the 

error term in the analysis of variance is the error in the 

measurements of the discs. 

One organization reported determinations by XRF 

on four portions from each of the three bottles of sample. This presented no problem in the analysis of variance 

because the abbreviation of the organization is asterisked 

to note the change in the degrees of freedom for error. 

However, rather than discard half the data when calculating best values, random numbers were used to determine which two of the four data for any bottle would be 

assigned to a first set of data and the remaining two data 

were assigned to the second set. Thus, two complete sets 

of data were available to be used for best values. 

Some organizations reported fewer than the six 

determinations that would be required for the calculations of best values, and the averages of the five or fewer 

values were entered, followed by dashes for the standard 

deviations and the F ratio. Another organization 

reported the necessary six determinations, but three analysts made two determinations each. As the data lacked 

the necessary symmetry to sort out the effects of the three 

analysts, the average of the six data was entered and the 

six data were also used for best values. 

The tabulation below for the three samples shows 

the number of sets of data for which a significant (S) or 

not significant (NS) F ratio was obtained when the 

calculated ratios were tested against the appropriate value 

for F'o.os· 

W-2 DNC-1 BIR-1 Total 

NS -------------------- 532 492 393 1417 

No variation ----------- 10 17 20 47 

No F test -------------- 20 14 13 47 

s --------------------- 23 30 40 93 

Total------------- 585 553 466 1604 

Eighty eight percent (1417) of the calculated F ratios were 

found to be not significant (NS), and the constituent for 

4 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

each test may be said to be homogeneously distributed 

among the bottles of a sample; thus, the three samples 

are suitable for use as geochemical reference samples 

(GRS). The classification of "No variation" indicated 

that the determinations reported all had the same value 

and, therefore, a zero variance, whereas the classification 

of "No F test" indicates that a zero, or approximately 

zero, bottle or error standard deviation was obtained 

during the analysis of variance. For the latter classification, the calculation of an F ratio was impossible or 

inadvisable. 

More than half of the 47 sets of data for which no 

variation was reported were for the minor oxides. 

Analysts might have reported the next uncertain digit in 

their data to prevent the occurrence of so many sample 

variances of zero. These zero variances tend to minimize 

the calculated homogeneous variances, which, in tum, 

may slightly inflate the Studentized ranges discussed in 

the next section. 

CALCULATIONS OF BEST VALUES 

Best values for the three samples were calculated in 

the same manner as those for the manganese nodule 

standards in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 

1155 (Flanagan and Gottfried, 1980). The method, briefly, is to fmd a homogeneous variance by Cochran's test 

and then to use the square root of this variance to 

Studentize the range of sets of means to determine which 

means belong to the same population. The method is 

briefly illustrated in example 1 of section 5.53 of Bennett 

and Franklin (1954). 

The procedure for the homogeneous variance for 

the zirconium data for W -2 is shown in table 7. The sample variances, each with n- 1 degrees of freedom (d. f.), 

were calculated for each set of six determinations 

reported; these variances are listed in increasing 

numerical order. The cumulative sums of these variances 

are given in the second column. The ratio of the largest 

variance to its matching cumulative sum of variances is 

then calculated successively down the column until the 

calculated ratio does not exceed the critical value for 

Cochran's test at some probability, p. 

The ratio, 3.87/11.27 = 0.3434, does not exceed 

the critical value of 0.5065 at p = 0.05 and the 

homogeneous variance calculated from 11.27, the cumulative sum of the first five variances, would have 25 

degrees of freedom, five for each variance. I decided to 

accept the calculated ratio, 0.3802, which is less than the 

critical value, 0.4225, at p = 0.01 so that 40 d. f. would 

be available. The acceptance of the ratio at p = 0.01 and 

a homogeneous variance with 40 d.f. results in the slightly more stringent requirement of a lower critical value 

that the calculated Studentized range should not exceed. 
Table 7. Calculation of a homogeneous variance for Zr data in W-2 

[ s2, 1 aboratory variance, each with five degrees of 

freedom. L, largest laboratory variance. Methods: 

INAA, instrumental neutron activation analysis; OES, 

opti ca 1 emission spectroscopy; SSMS, spark source 

mass spectroscopy; XRF, X- ray fluorescence 

spectroscopy.] 

Method s2 Sum s2 L I Sum Critical Values for 

Cochran's Test 

p = 0.05 p = 0.01 

SSMS 323.15 658.06 0.4911 0.3029 0.3572 

OES 222.67 334.91 .6649 .3286 .3870 

OES 42.67 112.24 .3802 .3595 .4225 

OES 30.30 69.57 .4370 .3974 .4659 

XRF 27.90 39.17 . 7123 .4447 .5195 

XRF 3.87 11.27 .3434 .5065 

INAA 3.77 7.40 

XRF 1.73 3.63 

XRF 1.28 1.90 

XRF .62 

The homogeneous variance is the average of the 

eight variances in the sum, 112.24, or 14.03. The square 

root of this variance, 3. 74, is the standard deviation of 

the means of six determinations with 40 d.f. used to 

Studentize the range of the means of the several laboratories reporting data for Zr. 

The selection of a best value from among a seemingly heterogeneous group of means is essentially the 

process of determining which of the several means form a 

suitable group of nearest neighbors and then calculating 

the grand mean of the group. The laboratory means are 

listed in table 8 in increasing order from the least to the 

greatest mean and their sum is divided by their number, 

n, to obtain a temporary grand mean, x. The range of the 

means, 40.66, is divided by the standard deviation, 3. 74, 

to obtain the Studentized range, 10.87. This far exceeds 

the critical value of the Studentized range (CSR), 4. 74, in 

table 5.8 of Bennett and Franklin (1954) for n = 10 

means and 40 d.f. for the standard deviation. By inspection, the mean, 65.50, is farther from the temporary 

grand mean than is 106.16. The mean, 65.50, is discarded 

and a new sum is obtained. The process is repeated until 

the Studentized range does not exceed the critical value, 

which decreases as the number of means decreases. The 

last temporary grand mean, 99.99, rounded to 100.0, is 

accepted as the best value for Zr in W -2. 

BEST VALUES 

The best values for constituents of the three 

samples are given in table 9 as a grand mean, x, and the 

number of laboratory averages, n, included in the grand 

mean. The best estimates for W-I from the 1972 compilation of data (Flanagan, 1976) are listed next to the 

Table 8. Calculations for the best value, x, the grand mean, for Zr 

data in sample W-2 by the Studentized range 

[Abbreviations of methods as in Table 7. x, laboratory mean. 

n, number of laboratory means. R, range of laboratory 

means. SR, Studentized range. CSR, critical Studentized 

range. XL and xs, the largest and smallest laboratory means 

in the group. -, laboratory means no longer considered in 

the sequential tests, disc., discarded] 

Method Laboratory means in the sequential tests 

INAA 106.16 106.16 106.16 106.16 106.16 

XRF 104.33 104.33 104.33 104.33 104.33 

XRF 100.85 100.85 100.85 100.85 100.85 

SSMS 97.97 97.97 97.97 97.97 97.97 

OES 96.66 96.66 96.66 96.66 96.66 

XRF 93.97 93.97 93.97 93.97 93.97 

XRF 85.66 85.66 85.66 85.66 

OES 82.00 82.00 82.00 

OES 79.66 79.66 

XRF 65.50 

Sum of x 912.76 847.26 767.60 685.60 599.94 

10 8 7 6 

X 91.28 94.14 95.95 97.94 99.99 

R 40.66 26.50 24.16 20.50 12.19 

SR 10.87 7.08 6.46 5.48 3.26 

CSR 4.74 4.63 4.52 4.39 4.23 

XL - X 14.88 12.02 10.21 8.22 

X - XS 25.78 14.48 13.95 12.28 

x disc. 65.50 79.66 82.00 85.66 

best values for W -2 to facilitate a direct comparison of 

the compositions of the samples. Many best values in 

table 9 are reported with extra significant digits. These 

may be useful in future calculations, but generally the last 

digit should be rounded when the samples are used for 

calibration. 

The standard deviation of the mean, Sx' and its 

associated degrees of freedom are listed, when available, 

for each sample and constituent. These standard deviations may be useful to future analysts who might wish to 

determine if their mean of six determinations may be 

considered as part of the same population from which 

best values were calculated. These values may change as 

more sets of six determinations become available and as 

the calculations are repeated after including new data. 

Magnitudes and lower limits of estimation are 

entered for several elements because of insufficient data. 

The presence of a best value for which there is only a 

single mean should cause no problem. 

There are several elements for which a mean is 

listed, followed by ann of 2 or 3, but there is no estimate 

of the standard deviation and its associated degrees of 

freedom. Such estimates usually occur when the variances of two or three sets of six data differ significantly 

and there is no easy alternative other than to average the 

two or three means. 

Best Values 5 
Table 9. Best estimates of the compositions of samples W-1, W-2, DNC-1, and BIR-1 

Si02 

A1~3 

Fe203 

FeO 

MgO 

CaO 

Na20 

K~ 

H2o+ 

H2ono2 

P2o5 

MnO 

Fe203T 

Fe203C 

Ag 

As 

B 

Ba 

Be 

Cd 

Ce 

Cl 

Co 

Cr 

Cs 

Cu 

Dy 

Er 

Eu 

F 

Ga 

Gd 

Hf 

Ho 

La 

u 

[The grand mean, x, and the standard deviation of the mean, sx, are in percent for Si02 through Fe203C, 

but are in parts per million for Ag through Zr. n, number of laboratory means from which x was calculated. 

df, degrees of freedom. The number of laboratory variances from which the homogeneous variance, s:, was X derived equals df/5. Fe203T, total Fe as Fe203. Fe203C was calculated from best values for 

W-1 

(1976) 

52.64 

15.00 

1.40 

8.72 

6.62 

10.96 

2.15 

.64 

.53 

.16 

1.07 

.14 

.17 

11.09 

.081 

1.9 

15 

160 

.8 

.15 

X 

52.68 

15.45 

1.53 

8.34 

6.37 

10.86 

2.20 

.626 

.55 

.25 

1.062 

.141 

.167 

10.83 

10.80 

.048 

1.16 

210 

173.6 

1.14 

3.10 

23 23.37 

200 2150 

47 43.15 

114 91.51 

.9 1.01 

110 106.2 

4 3.6 

2.4 31 .6 

1.11 1.12 

250 2180 

16 16.8 

4 3.9 

2.67 2.60 

.69 .68 

9.8 10.36 

14.5 9.56 

n 

18 

17 

6 

6 

13 

11 

17 

20 

6 

3 

19 

18 

20 

25 

4 

10 

2 

10 

21 

19 

5 

10 

2 

11 

4 

2 

8 

2 

12 

6 

W-2 

Fe203 and FeO. Data for W-1 are from Flanagan (1976)~ 

s-x df 

0.29 90 

.16 105 

.087 35 

.093 35 

.058 30 

.078 90 

.037 120 

.012 95 

.036 30 

.018 15 

.013 100 

.116 80 

.004 105 

.208 120 

X 

Percent 

47.15 

18.34 

1. 79 

7.32 

10.13 

11.49 

1.886 

.234 

.73 

.29 

.484 

.070 

.148 

9.972 

9.93 

DNC-1 

n 

11 

16 

4 

4 

15 

9 

21 

15 

4 

3 

16 

9 

14 

23 

Parts per million 

.46 

11.3 

.1 0 

1.47 

2.11 

4.45 

.16 

4.88 

.82 

.060 

.89 

.178 

.113 

.59 

.54 

20 

50 

10 

.026 

.12 

2.9 

117.6 

.96 

3.09 

65 9.14 

260 

110 56.75 

100 270.1 

20 .44 

60 99.7 

15 3.0 

31.7 

50 .59 

2115 

30 14.7 

2.2 

40 1.01 

15 .44 

70 3.58 

30 5.24 

11 

3 

8 

18 

12 

2 

7 

3 

9 

5 

2 

8 

2 

8 

6 

s-x 

0.21 

.169 

.107 

.062 

.112 

.073 

.057 

.009 

.040 

.047 

.007 

.005 

.003 

.153 

10.5 

.77 

2.19 

8.48 

2.64 

.81 

.027 

.92 

.052 

.305 

.29 

df 

70 

100 

35 

30 

90 

70 

125 

85 

15 

15 

95 

55 

75 

110 

65 

X 

47.96 

15.53 

2.06 

8.34 

9.70 

13.32 

1.820 

.030 

.086 

.078 

.96 

.021 

.175 

11.29 

11.33 

.04 

2.1 

2.5 

6.08 

2.56 

3.17 

50 1.62 

28o 

115 51.58 

95 372.5 

.43 

45 124.7 

15 3.7 

31.7 

60 .55 

259 

25 15.0 

2.2 

25 .64 

1.9 

40 .63 

25 3.62 

n 

13 

12 

5 

5 

10 

16 

16 

11 

5 

2 

15 

4 

13 

20 

2 

5 

4 

18 

7 

2 

11 

3 

8 

5 

4 

4 

4 

BIR-1 

0.19 

.15 

.1 04 

.097 

.079 

.12 

.045 

.003 

.025 

.016 

.010 

1.0014 

1.003 

.125 

2.58 

.44 

1.88 

8.25 

3.71 

.98 

.046 

1.0 

.078 

.072 

.16 

df 

65 

90 

35 

30 

70 

90 

120 

60 

25 

15 

75 

40 

75 

80 

30 

30 

100 

75 

55 

15 

45 

25 

20 

25 

20 

6 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 
Table 9. Best estimates of the compositions of samples W-1, W-2, DNC-1, and BIR-1 (cont.) 

W-1 W-2 

( 1976) X n sx df X n 

DNC-1 

sx df X n 

BIR-1 

sx df 

Parts per million 

Lu 0.35 

Mo .57 

Nb 9.5 

Nd 15 

Ni 76 

Pb 7.8 

Rb 21 

s 123 

Sb 1.0 

Sc 35.1 

Sm 3.6 

Sr 190 

Ta .50 

Tb .65 

Th 2.42 

T1 .11 

Tm .30 

u .58 

v 264 

w .5 

y 25 

Yb 2.1 

Zn 86 

Zr 105 

0.33 

2.7 

6.75 

13.36 

70.4 

37.66 

20.9 

463 

.85 

35.7 

3.31 

192.0 

.52 

.66 

2.41 

.16 

.38 

.49 

259.0 

.26 

23.0 

2.14 

79.6 

100.0 

1 sx accepted at p = 0.01 

2 Magnitude 

8 

4 

4 

10 

11 

6 

9 

7 

8 

6 

6 

8 

1 

3 

5 

13 

1 

7 

11 

10 

6 

0.070 

.42 

1.05 

2.46 

1.06 

.12 

1.06 

.126 

12.98 

.053 

.182 

.12 

.051 

.06 

12.27 

1.63 

.16 

2.28 

13.74 

3 By isotope dilution mass spectrometry 

4 By spark source mass spectrometry 

40 

25 

20 

50 

55 

30 

100 

40 

50 

25 

30 

30 

15 

20 

70 

40 

50 

55 

40 

0.32 

~-2 

3.19 

5.20 

247.0 

36.21 

4.7 

.96 

31.4 

1.41 

144.0 

.10 

.42 

.22 

< .1 

.33 

<.1 

147.5 

.19 

18.5 

1. 98 

70.1 

38.5 

Data by IDMS are collected in table 10. Most data 

are single determinations, but averages are noted by the 

number of determinations in parentheses. Data for erbium by this method have been entered as best values as 

they were the only data available. 

COMPOSITIONS OF W-1 AND W-2 

Although no petrographic work was done on the 

rock for sample W -2, the original petrography by Chayes 

(1951) gives every expectation that the two samples 

should have the same composition. We thus have a 

unique opportunity to compare the compositions of the 

5 

4 

4 

12 

5 

3 

10 

9 

7 

2 

5 

2 

3 

14 

4 

8 

10 

3 

0.028 

.42 

.56 

11.78 

.37 

.027 

.98 

.08 

1.77 

.033 

.032 

8.32 

.82 

.1 04 

2.36 

.96 

30 

20 

20 

75 

40 

25 

55 

55 

45 

30 

15 

75 

35 

35 

60 

25 

0.29 

2.7 

2.26 

2.8 

166.4 

33.11 

2.2 

.50 

43.4 

1. 01 

107.2 

2.07 

.42 

< .1 

<.1 

.29 

~.1 

311.6 

.22 

15.8 

1.68 

69.6 

18.4 

5 

4 

2 

9 

2 

4 

8 

5 

7 

2 

2 

12 

1 

4 

6 

6 

3 

0.025 

.42 

5.88 

.28 

.068 

1.13 

.034 

1.49 

.04 

.04 

11.47 

.92 

.13 

2.02 

1.19 

30 

15 

55 

10 

15 

40 

20 

40 

10 

10 

60 

35 

40 

45 

30 

two samples, W -1 and its replacement W -2. The problem is how to compare the approximately 60 constituents 

that are common to both samples. 

The technique of chi squared (x2

) was used 

(Flanagan, 1964) to judge the analytical ability of a rock 

analyst by comparing his data for 14 constituents with 

the published means and standard deviations of all 

analyses. A variation of the same technique may be used 

to test the compositions of the two samples of the 

diabase. The tables of X2 in Hald (1952) enable one to test 

as many as 100 constituents for the pair of samples with a 

choice of 21 probabilities. 

The problem of making subjective judgements between a number of paired data is identical, except in 

Compositions of W-1 and W-2 7 
Table 10. Data for several elements by isotope 

dilution mass s~ectrometry 

[In parts per m1ll1on. D1gits in 

parentheses are the number of 

replicates.] 

Element 

Ba 

Cd 

Pb 

Dy 

Er 

Eu 

Gd 

Nd 

Sm 

Yb 

W-2 

0.10(4) 

7.66 

3.2(2) 

1.6(2) 

.8(2) 

2.8 

10.5(2) 

2.2(2) 

2.8(2) 

DNC-1 

0.09(4) 

6.21 

2.0 

1. 7 

.6 

3.0 

2.6 

1 • 1 

3.5 

BIR-1 

6.8 

• 1 7( 4) 

3.11 

2.0 

1.7 

.5 

1.4 

4.6 

1.2 

1.5 

scope, whether we wish to compare the 14 constituents 

for a rock analysis or the large number of available comparisons in the summary table. The solution for the compositions of the two samples of the diabase is to reduce 

the differences between best values to some common 

base. 

The solution for the present paired samples is more 

rigorous than the published example for G-1 (Flanagan, 

1964). For the latter, I had the mean and standard deviation of all data published, but some data should have 

been discarded as no effort had been made to defme the 

population of data. For the present pair of samples, I 

have calculated a homogeneous variance and have eliminated any laboratory means that could not be considered 

part of the population of data for W -2. 

In calculations for the Studentized range, I used the 

standard deviation of the means of six determinations. 

From the general relation, 5x = s I Vll, we can multiply 5x 

by .J6 to obtain an estimate of the population standard 

deviation. The calculations for chi squared are made in 

the form [(observed- expected)/s)l, where s is the 

population standard deviation for W -2, the expected 

values are the best values for W -2, and the observed 

values are the 1972 estimates for W-1. The individual 

values for chi squared, each with 1 d. f., are listed in table 

11. 

I hypothesize that both samples have the same 

composition at a probability level for X2 no higher than 95 

percent. The sum of the individual contributions to x2 in 

table 11 is 46.472 with 46 d. f. As this sum is far less than 

the critical value, 62.8 with 46 d.f., the compositions may 

be said to be the same at this probability. Reference to 

other probability levels in the table in Hald (1952) shows 

that the probability that X2 is less tban 47.8 is equal to 60 

percent for 46 d.f. By rough linear interpolation between 

the value for 50 percent (45.3) and that for 60 percent 

(47.8), the compositions are the same at about the 55 percent level for the calculated X2 of 46.47. 

The contributions of the individual constituents in 

table 11 may be used quantitatively to determine which 

8 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

Table 11. Contributions of individual constituents to x2 

Oxide x2 Element x2 Element x2 Element x2 

Si02 0.003 As 0.432 Ho 0.001 Ta 0.024 

Al203 1.331 Ba .242 La .150 Tb .ooo 

Fe203 1.378 Be 1.927 Li 13.953 Th .001 

FeO 2.778 Ce .011 Lu .014 Tm .410 

MgO 3.100 Co .555 Nb 7.148 .297 

cao .274 Cr 4.259 Nd .407 .028 

Na20 .305 Cs .079 Ni .864 .251 

K20 .227 Cu .101 Rb .002 Yb .010 

Ti02 .063 Dy .040 Sb .260 Zn 1.314 

P205 .000 Eu .005 Sc .053 _1:!. ~ 

MnO .094 Ga .135 Sm .883 

Fe203T .111 Hf 2.579 Sr .075 Sum 46.472 

constituents have the least and the greatest effect on X2 • 

Seven constituents having the greatest effect are listed 

below in order of decreasing contribution. 

Li ---------- 13.953 

Nb ---------- 7.148 

Cr ---------- 4.259 

MgO -------- 3.100 

FeO --------- 2. 778 

Hf ---------- 2.579 

Be ---------- 1.927 

Sum -------- 35.744 

If we subtract the sum of these seven contributions 

and their degrees of freedom from the previous sum in 

table 11, we fmd that the total is now reduced to 10.728 

with 39 d.f. Reentering the table of chi squared (Hald, 

1952) for the value nearest to our 10.728, we fmd that the 

probability that X2 is less than 16.3 is equal to 0.05 percent 

for 39 d.f. Because of the low probability, we have 

reliable evidence that the compositions of the two 

samples are the same. A notable exception to the conclusion is shown in the Hg contents of the two samples 

(Flanagan and others, 1982); the Hg content of W -2 was 

determined to be 7.9 ppb and the mercury contents of 

W -1 were found to be in the range 89-210 ppb by the 

same analysts and method. 

Although it is recognized that best estimates for 

constituents of W-1 by Fleischer (1969) and Flanagan 

( 1976) were essentially best guesses, a discussion of why 

some constituents were heavy contributors to x2 seems 

worthwhile. We can consider the published data for W-1 

from USGS Bulletin 1113 (Stevens and others, 1960) 

through the 1972 compilation of data (Flanagan, 1976). 

The data for Li in the five compilations show that both 

emission spectrographic and flame photometric data are 

converging on an estimate of 12 ppm. If all observations 

for the six data by AAS in the 1972 compilation had been 

reported, and if the number of observations were equal, 

we could estimate a best value for AAS by the same 

technique used for W -2. The process would undoubtedly 

result in a selection of 12, 12.9, and 13 (average 12.6) as 
the group of nearest neighbors, rejecting the values of 17, 

20, and 25 ppm. I can think of no reason why I should 

not have accepted the isotope dilution value of 12.6, the 

basis of the recommended value for Li from Bulletin 

1113 through the 1969 compilation. 

We can then ask about the effect of the acceptance 

of 12.6 ppm by Fleischer on the contribution to chi 

squared. If we calculate [(12.6- 9.6)/ 0.54 ..J6)2, we obtain 

a value of 2.27, which is slightly less than 2. 71, the critical 

value of X2 at 90 percent. The laboratory means that survived the selection process are found between the dashed 

lines in table 12. The range of the eight laboratory means 

for Li in W-2 does not include the average of 12.6 by 

isotope dilution for W -1. The chi squared of 2.27 shows 

that we have a chance of about 10 percent of being incorrect if we conclude that the best values of Li for W -1 and 

W-2 differ, but the difference seems more academic than 

real. 

The original magnitude of 10 ppm for Nb in W-1 

was based on data by one analyst and method, and this 

magnitude remained unchanged through the 1969 compilation. The 1972 data contained averages of 9.4 and 9.5 

ppm determined spectrophotometrically in this laboratory, and we also found means of 5, 6, 10, and 11.2 by 

X-ray fluorescence. I accepted a best value of 9.5 ppm 

either because or in spite of the fact that the analyst was a 

member of this laboratory. 

Had I succumbed to an assumed initial impulse to 

take the mean of the six 1972 averages, I would have accepted 8.5 ppm Nb as the best value. This value would 

have reduced the contribution to chi squared by 4.34, 

from the original 7.15 to 2.81. 

A magnitude of 120 ppm Cr had been accepted 

from Bulletin 1113 through the 1969 compilation. The 

ranges of the data in the 1972 compilation by optical 

emission (25 ppm), neutron activation (30 ppm), and 

atomic absorption (24 ppm) covered a narrow span of 

24-30 ppm, except for an obviously aberrant value of 

174 ppm Cr by AAS. I probably averaged the means by 

these three techniques to arrive at a value of 114 ppm, 

and I see no reasonable alternative 10 years later. The Cr 

contents of W -1 and W -2 may indeed differ, but the best 

value of 92 ppm in W-2 should not change radically. 

The estimate of 8. 74 percent FeO remained the 

same through the first three compilations. Fleischer 

(1969) changed his estimate to 8. 72 percent, but no data 

for the 1972 compilation were sufficiently persuasive to 

indicate a change from 8. 72 percent. 

The literature contains material that may provoke 

speculation about the differing FeO contents of W -1 and 

W -2. In his paper on the effect of metallic iron on 

ferrous iron determinations, Ritchie (1968, p. 1365) assumed a true Fe0 content for W -1 of 0.05 percent, 

equivalent to 0.19 percent FeO by methods involving an 

oxidizing decomposition. Subtraction of this FeO from 

Table 12. Laboratory averages for several constituents of W-2 

[Means between dashes were used for best values. 

In parts per million, except FeO in percent.] 

Li Nb ~ ~ Cr _£!Q_ Hf Be 

(cont) (cont) 

10.22 125.33 96.24 88.66 1.40 

10.17 9.38 125.00 94.17 87.83 8.637 2.73 

9.85 8.97 119.00 93.97 86.33 8.388 2.72 1.15 

9.78 107.83 92.17 85.80 8.312 2.72 1.13 

9.50 7.50 92.00 85.17 8.283 2.72 

9.18 7.29 100.83 91.50 80.66 8.200 2.57 

8.87 5.87 98.33 90.60 8.192 2.54 

5.46 97.50 90.17 74.67 2.45 

8.00 97.50 89.33 54.78 7.908 2.35 

6.83 

the best value for W -1, 8. 72, results in a value of 8.53 

percent FeO, a value much closer to the present best 

estimate for W -2. Had it occurred to me to reduce the 

1972 values by the 0.19 percent FeO, the contribution to 

X2 would have been the more acceptable 0.158 rather than 

2.778. 

There is not much one can say about the Hf contents of the two samples. Values of 0.93, 1.5, 2, and 2.0 

were reported by spark -source mass spectrometry in 

earlier compilations and a value of 3.0 by neutron activation in 1969. Five data by neutron activation ranged from 

2.2 to 3.4 ppm in the 1972 compilation, and I undoubtedly averaged these for the estimate, 2. 7 ppm, for W -1. The 

data for Hf in W -2 are all by neutron activation and it 

should not be surprising that the best value for W -2 is 

almost identical with that for W -1. There seems little one 

can do to reduce this contribution to X2

• 

The Be content of W -1 was estimated by optical 

emission spectroscopy for each of the five compilations. 

Also, an isotope dilution value of 0. 78 ppm Be in Bulletin 

1113 was probably the basis of the estimate of 0.8 ppm in 

the first four compilations. The data for 1972 were not 

sufficiently persuasive to indicate a change, and I retained the same estimate for 1972. Of the three means for 

Be in W -2 (table 12), the value of 1.40 was rejected by the 

selection process, leaving two means to be averaged. No 

change that could be made would have reduced the contribution to X2

• 

THE RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS 

Best values for the rare-earth elements, normalized 

by the chondritic abundances of Haskin and others 

(1968), are plotted in figure 1. One may estimate the 

value of the plotted points from the number of laboratory averages included in the best values in summary 

table 9. The closed points for Er are IDMS data that were 

plotted to fill the void between Ho and Tm. 

The Rare-Earth Elements 9 
I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I 

50.0- -

0 

0 

0 w 

(.!) 0 

4: 0 0 ex: 

w 0 > 0 <( dJ l::J. l::J. l::J.o 6)0_ w 10.0 ~ l::J. 0 r- Lb ol:J. !:J.O •• 0 0 a: l::J. 0 • z l::J. 

0 0 J: 5.0 ~ - u 

........ 

(f) 

w 

::) 

....J 

4: 0 > EXPLANATION 

r-

(/) 0 0 0 W-2 w 

m 1::J. DNC-1 

0 BIR-1 

1.0 ~ -

0.5L----~t---~·--~·-----~·---~·---~·--~·----~·----~·----~·----~·----~·----~·----~·----~·~~- La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 

Figure 1. Best values for rare-earth elements normalized to chondritic abundances. (Solid symbols are single or duplicate determinations by IDMS. Symbols starting at Eu are offset to avoid plotting two or more symbols in the same space.) 

Pairs and triads of some plotted points from Eu 

through Lu are offset to avoid plotting one symbol partly 

or entirely over another. These offsets will not materially 

affect the shape of the curve one obtains by connecting 

points for adjacent rare earths by straight lines. 

The plotted points for W -2 show the shape of a 

curve that is familiar for W-1, BCR-1, and other normal 

basalts. The contents of the light rare-earth elements are 

low in the North Carolina dolerite, DNC-1, and are very 

low in the Icelandic basalt, BIR-1. 

The shape of the plot for DNC-1 in figure 1 resembles the plot for the calc-alkaline island-arc basalt (sample 296B) from Talasea, New Britain, in figure 1 of Arth 

(1981). The rare-earth-element pattern for the Talasea 

basalt, for which all data are by IDMS, is much smoother 

than that for DNC-1, for which the plotted points are 

"best" values. 

In contrast to the IDMS data in Arth (1981), most 

data available for calculating "best" values in the three 

samples were by INAA with an occasional set of data by 

XRF. Moreover, a calculated best value is only a group 

of the nearest neighbors of sets of data that can be 

considered as part of the population of all data for an element in a sample. More data by IDMS will result in 

smoother plots for the three samples. 

10 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

FUTURE ANALYTICAL WORK 

Table 13 shows several other constituents, including cerium and four rare-earth elements, for which 

samples lBIR-1, DNC-1, and W-2 furnish calibration 

points between the two ultramafic samples, DTS-1 and 

PCC-1, and the basalts, BHV0-1 and BCR-1. Except 

for Li, Rb, and Sr in BHV0-1, the trace element contents in table 13 decrease with decreasing K20 contents of 

the samples. 

Although the best values in summary table 9 were 

obtained by a procedure which defmes, where possible, 

the population of data for each constituent in each sample, the fmal values are estimates that depend upon the 

data submitted. Analysts using a method whose response 

is linear with concentration should check the validity of 

the best values for the elements in the five USGS mafic 

rocks. 

The number of elements for which data are reported in table 9 is encouraging. More data will probably 

be reported because of the relatively large supply of sample powders that should be available for many years. In 

addition to data by IDMS for the rare-earth elements and 

for other elements useful in geochemical studies, analysts 

might, as a frrst approximation, examine the columns 
Table 13. Some trace element contents of USGS mafic and ultramafic 

samples [In parts per million.] 

DTS-1 PCC-1 BIR-1 ONC-1 W-2 BHV0-1 BCR-1 

Ref. (1} (1) This Work (2) ( 1) 

Ba 2.4 1.2 6.1 117.6 173 142 675 

F 15 15 59 115 180 380 470 

Hf .01 .06 .64 1.01 2.60 4.2 4.7 

L i 2 2 3.6 5.2 9.6 4.5 12.8 

Rb .05 .06 2.2 4.7 21 10 46 

Sr .35 .41 107 144 192 440 330 

Zr 3 18 38 100 180 190 

La .04 .15 .63 3.6 10.4 16.7 26 

Ce .06 .09 1.6 9.1 23 41 54 

Sm .004 .008 1.01 1.41 3.3 6.1 6.6 

Eu .001 .002 .55 .59 1.12 2.0 1.94 

Tb .001 .001 .42 .42 .66 1.0 1.0 

1 Flanagan ( 1976) 

2 Gladney and Goode (1981) 

labeled "n" in table 9 to determine those elements for 

which more data are necessary or desirable. For example, 

some elements were reported by only one analyst, others 

were reported as lower limits, and for several elements, 

including gold and the platinum group metals, no data 

were reported. 

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Abbey, Sydney, 1980, Studies in "standard samples" for use in 

the general analysis of silicate rocks and minerals; Part 6, 

1979 edition of "usable" values: Geological Survey of 

Canada Paper 80-14, 30 p. 

Arth, J. G., 1981, Rare-earth element geochemistry of the 

island-arc volcanic rocks of Rabaul and Talasea, New Britain: Geological Society of America Bulletin, Part 1, v. 92, 

no. 11, p. 858-863. 

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analysis of silicate rocks employing both coaxial Ge(Li) and 

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analysis; determination of sulphur, total carbon, carbonate 

and ferrous iron: Geological Survey of Canada Paper 

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Boy, M., and Mazzucotelli, A., 1976, Atomic absorption determination of silica in rocks and minerals; a review of direct 

and indirect techniques: Ofioliti, v. 1, no. 2, p. 127-133. 

Casanova, L., Emiliani, F., Fanti, E. and Venturelli, G., 1968, 

Contributo alia conoscenza di nuovi standards silicatici 

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Farzaneh, A., and Troll, G., 1977, Pyrohydrolysis for the rapid 

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p. 177-181. 

__ 1978, Pyrohydrolysis for the rapid determination of 

chlorine traces in silicate and non-silicate minerals and 

rocks: Zeitschrift fiir analytische Chemie, v. 292, no. 4, 

p. 293-295. 

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__ 1967, U.S. Geological Survey silicate rock standards: 

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p. 289-308. 

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1982, Mercury in geologic reference samples: Geostandards 

Newsletter, v. 6, no. 1, p. 25-46. 

Fleischer, Michael, 1969, U.S. Geological Survey standards-!. 

Additional data on rocks G-1 and W -1, 1965-1967: Geochimicaet CosmochimicaActa, v. 33, no. 1, p. 65-79. 

Gladney, E. S., and Goode, W. E., 1981, Elemental concentrations in eight new United States Geological Survey rock 

standards; a review: Geostandards Newsletter, v. 5, no. 1, 

p. 31-64. 

References 11 
Govindaraju, Kuppusami, Mevelle, Guy, and Chouard, 

Charles, 1976, Automated optical emission spectrochemical bulk analysis of silicate rocks with microwave plasma 

excitation: Analytical Chemistry, v. 48, no. 9, 

p. 1325-1331. 

Hald, Anders, 1952, Statistical tables and formulas: New York, 

Wiley, 97p. 

Hancock, R. G. V., 1976, Low flux multielement instrumental 

neutron activation analysis in archaeometry: Analytical 

Chemistry, v. 48, no. 11, p. 1443-1445. 

Harris, J. L., Schwarz, L. J., D'Angelo, W. M., and Flanagan, 

F. J., 1981, Additional analytical data for gabbro, GOG-1: 

Geostandards Newsletter, v. 5, no. 2, p. 125-128. 

Haskin, L. A., Haskin, M. A., Frey, F. A., and Wildeman, 

T. R., 1968, Relative and absolute terrestrial abundances of 

the rare earths, in Ahrens, L. H., ed., Origin and distribution of the elements: New York, Pergamon, p. 889-912. 

Hooper, P. R., and Atkins, Lynne, 1969, The preparation of 

fused samples in X-ray fluorescence analysis: Mineralogical 

Magazine, v. 37, no. 287, p. 409-413. 

Kato, Toyoaki, Sato, Nobuyoshi, and Suzuki, Nobuo, 1977, 

Multielement analysis of deep-sea sediments by photon activation: Chemical Society of Japan Bulletin, v. 50, no. 8, 

p. 1930-1933. 

Langmyhr, F. J., 1969, The reporting of analytical results for 

reference minerals and rocks: Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa, v. 33, no. 12, p. 1561-1562. 

Larsen, E. S., Jr., 1948, Batholith and associated rocks of Corona, Elsinore, and San Luis Rey quadrangles, southern 

California: Geological Society of America Memoir 29, 

182 p. 

Leake, B. E., and others, 1969, The chemical analysis of rock 

powders by automatic X-ray fluorescence: Chemical Geology,v.5,no. 1,p. 7-86. 

Ledger, E. B., Tieh, T. T., and Rowe, M. W., 1980, Delayedneutron activation determination of uranium in thirteen 

French rock reference samples: Geostandards Newsletter, 

v. 4, no. 2, p. 5-8. 

Masumoto, Kazuyoshi, Kato, Toyoaki, and Suzuki, Nobuo, 

1978, Activation yield curves of photonuclear reactions for 

multielement photon activation analysis: Nuclear Instruments and Methods, v. 157, no. 3, p. 567-577. 

Maxwell, J. A., 1968, Rock and mineral analysis: New York, 

Wiley Interscience, 584 p. 

Mazzucotelli, Ambrogio, Frache, Roberto, Dadone, Arduino, 

and Baffi, Franca, 1976, Ion-exchange separation and 

atomic absorption determination of fifteen major, minor, 

and trace elements in silicates: Talanta, v. 23, no. 11-12, 

p. 879-882. 

Millard, H. T., Jr., 1976, Determination of uranium and 

thorium in USGS standard rocks by the delayed neutron 

technique: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 840, 

p. 61-65. 

Miller, F. S., 1937, Petrology of the San Marcos Gabbro, 

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12 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

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no. 4, p. 431-453. 

Perrault, G., Hebert, P., and Kubat, V., 1974, MRG-1: un 

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Analyse de 47 echantillons geochimiques de reference par 

fluorescence-X (Cu, Ga, Ni, Zn) et par absorption atomique (Cu, Ni, Zn): Geostandards Newsletter, v. 2, no. 2, 

p. 199-209. 

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X-ray fluorescence analysis of the light elements in rocks 

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Stevens, R. E., and others, 1960, Second report on a 

cooperative investigation of the composition of two silicate 

rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1113, 126 p. 

Stevens, S. S., 1946, On the theory of scales of measurement: 

Science, v. 103, no. 2684, p. 677-680. 

Voldet, P., and Haerdi, W., 1978, Determination of rare-earth 

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Chimica Acta, v. 97, no. 1, p. 185-189. 
Table 1, Anabtical data for USGS·W-2 Standard Deviation 

["sw2 through Fe203T in percent; trace elements in parts per million. Bottle Nunber ~~ F 

Org./Meth., organization and method, Details of methods, where avail- Org./Heth, Mean 2 df 3 df ratio 

able, are given under the organization name at the end of table 3 • ..;;;:====---===:......-===-__;=.::Al.::;.. 03_(.::co=n=t=,)=--...:::::::::.......:::::::::_.....::::::::~ 

A se1: of data by an organization whose abbreviation is preceded by an 

Org./Meth. 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNH/Chem 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A 

GSC/D* 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/ICPS 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/Chem 

WHOI/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*NERF/INAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

astedsk contains data or estimates explained under the organization 

name .. F ratios noted only by an asterisk could not be calculated becausE! of a zero mean square for bottles or error, NS, not significant 

at the 9'5% fractile, F

0 ,

05(2,3) = 9·55• Allowable F ratios for other 

degnes of freedom (df) and probabilities (p) are given at the end of 

the table for calculated F ratios not followed by NS, Neg., negative 

Bottle 

52.69 

52·75 

52•33 

52.6) 

52·3 

52·4 

52·57 

52·47 

5:J•O 

52·7 

5:l·ll 

s:2.99 

s:<.6s 

s:~.s7 

5:!.70 

5:!.29 

5:!.20 

5:!.62 

5:~.34 

s:~.~ 

5;!.5 

s::,6 

bottle variance, Fe2 o3 r, total Fe as Fe2 o3 .J 

Nunber 

Mean 

Standard Deviation 

~Error 

2 df 3 df 

52·53 52·598 0.10) 0.0)5 

52.52 

52·73 52.583 

52.)4 

52·7 52·53 .16 .17 

52.8 

52.62 .o6 .12 

52•7 Neg, .27 

53·04 .09 

52·47 ·45 ·29 

52.'30 Neg. 

52.2'3 ·35 

52.52 .03 

52.89 .25 ·23 

53.20 Neg. .J.l 

52·95 .17 

24.67 Neg. ·97 

52.22 .21 

ratio 

lo51NS 

·37NS 

5·54NS 

.)ONS 

1.3)NS 

),JONS 

,82NS 

l,72NS 

.14NS 

5.82NS 

Exxon/DCPAS 52.62 Neg, 

CRPG/HWPS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

*Kjell/XRF 

csF/Chem 

*BMNH/Chem 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A* 

GSC/E 

BIO/AAS 

52.~ .02 

.10) 

15·55 .04 

l5o58 .12 

15.05 Neg, 

15.27 .06 

.02 2.25NS 

·035 1,63NS 

.04 3 ,OONS 

.08 5.l8NS 

.28 ,l8NS 

.06 3 o58NS 

.25 1.5oNs 

NIM/ICPS 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWIIrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

LASL/INAA•l 

*Toron/INAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/HWPS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

*Kjelt/AAS 

/reps 

/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

GSC/C 

GSC/F* 

NIM/ 

uscsR/Chem 

ETH/ 

ETH/ 

GSF/Chem 

GSC/B 

GSC/F* 

NIM/Vanad 

USGSR/Chem 

Liege/Vol. 

Neg. 0.21 

Neg. .10 .41NS 

.12 .06 9•50NS 

Neg. ·074 .20NS 

15o45 .12 4o84NS 

14.8) .06 

15.64 Neg. .25 .47NS 

15•39 Neg. o52NS 

8.20 Neg. .097 , 12NS 

8.08 .095 .095 4.28NS 

Neg, ,26 •9JNS 

Neg. ,15 ,21NS 

Neg, .22 < ,OONS 

Neg, .20 ,01NS 

l5o52 

15·58 15.49 

7·30 7.66 

7·r,o 7·52 

7·94 7·94 

1·39 

lo37 

1.8 

1.8 

1o72 

lo5l 

1.11 

1o43 

lo5 

1o5 

1.40 

FeO 

1.2) 

1.)7 

1.58 

8o)9 

8.31 

,08 .08 3 ,OONS 

Neg, .10 o72NS 

.oa ·09 2.6oNs 

,021 ,012 6.78NS 

8.2 .0) ,Q6 l.50NS 

8.19 Neg, .11 .50NS 

8,28 < .000 .04 l,OONS 

7•91 Neg, .15 ,OONS 

Tables 1-6 13 
Table]. Analytical data for USGS-W-2 (cont.) 

Ors./Meth. 

ETH/ 

ETJI/ 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNII 

GSC/A 

GSC/G 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/ICPS 

USGSR/Chem 

WHOI/XRF 

Ullllrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

*USGSR/AAS 

ETJI/AAS 

ETJI/XRF 

*Kje11/AAS 

/I CPs 

/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNII 

*BMNII/XRF 

GSC/A 

GSC/G* 

BIO/AAS 

Standard Deviation 

----~Bo-t~t~le~ ____ _.N~wW~e-r_____ ~ ~ 

6.63 

6.62 

6o39 

6.2) 

6-57 

6.50 

6.40 

6.50 

6.33 

6.43 

6.36 

6.52 

6.27 

6.15 

6.24 

6o33 

6.30 

6.11 

6.2) 

6.29 

6.4 

6.4 

6.59 

6o59 

6.6 

6.5 

5.66 

5·49 

6.26 

6.28 

3·53 

3·42 

3·31 

5·97 

6.08 

6.02 

6.09 

6.49 

6.40 

6.42 

6.10 

6.17 

3•62 

3·74 

6.26 

6.26 

3·74 

4·5 

3·9 

10o73 

10.75 

11.03 

11.17 

11.03 

10.85 

10.87 

10.84 

11.2 

11.1 

10·77 

10.65 

10.97 

10.91 

__1_ Mean ll df ..1...!!! ratio 

FeO (cont.) 

8.62 

MgO 

CaO 

10.76 

10.72 

10.94 

11.05 

10.88 

10.86 

10.95 

10.85 

11.2 

ll.l 

10-45 

10.9) 

11.08 

10·97 

Neg. .010 .50NS 

.012 o047 1.22NS 

6.44 Neg. .056 .lONS 

6.39 Neg. .09 

6.43 Neg. .08 

Neg. .05 .70NS 

6.32 Neg. .20 o54NS 

Neg. ·038 .03NS 

6.60 Neg. .05 .08NS 

5.62 Neg. .08 ·55NS 

3.42 Neg. .174 •93NS 

6.21 .16 .08 8.18NS 

6.03 Neg. .04 .SONS 

6.48 .044 .062 2.50NS 

6.11 Neg. .08 .49NS 

3•70 Neg. .05 e24NS 

Neg. .030 

11.01 

Neg. .44NS 

10.89 Neg. •74NS 

11.1 Neg. .06 

Neg. .21 .006NS 

.02 .05 

14 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

Org./Meth. 

NIM/ICPS 

USGSR/Chem 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

*LASI)INAA-1 

Bottle 

11.47 

11.15 

11.05 

11.26 

11.30 

11.30 

10.7 

10.6 

11.14 

11.14 

10.85 

10.85 

10.13 

10.27 

lle33 

ll.48 

7.44 

7·49 

7·47 

8.41 

8o43 

8o77 

5·1 

5·2 

5·3 

8.4 

8.1 

7·3 

LASI)XRF 11.05 

Tohok/IPAA 10.73 

10·79 

Uind/ICPS 10.8 

10.8 

Exxon/DCPAS 10.61 

CRPG/MWPS 

ETJI/AAS 

ETWXRF 

*Kjell/AAS 

/I CPS 

/xRF 

GSF/Chem 

esc/A 

GSC/G* 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/AAS 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/F1Ph 

WHOI/XRF 

Ullllrz/XRF 

WSU/XRF 

10.42 

10e37 

10.65 

10.67 

11.08 

11.06 

8.05 

7·44 

7·79 

2.10 

2.10 

2.1 

1.8 

2.25 

2.25 

2.18 

2.17 

2.24 

2.25 

2·3 

2.2 

2.19 

2.20 

2.18 

1.96 

1.88 

2.3 

2.3 

3ol8 

2-97 

2.05 

2.12 

1.42 

1o42 

1.42 

Standard Deviation 

Number ~.!!!:.2!:. 

Mean 2 df 3 df ratio 

CaO (cont.) 

11.27 

11.38 

11.38 

11.30 

11o25 

11.25 

10.6 

10.4 

llel7 

11.11 

10.80 

10.80 

10.17 

10.30 

11-47 

10·97 

7•83 

7·60 

7·41 

8·58 

7·50 

8.63 

5·3 

4.6 

5·4 

8.5 

8.3 

8.1 

11.10 

10.51 

10.65 

10.8 

10.8 

10.33 

10.44 

10·39 

10.66 

10·75 

11.06 

2.11 

2.11 

2.0 

2.2 

2.25 

2.28 

2.18 

2.16 

2.24 

2.26 

2.2 

2.2 

2.21 

2.22 

2.18 

1.98 

1.84 

2.5 

2.3 

3·04 

3·2'.3 

2.14 

2.11 

lo39 

1.50 

1.43 

11.27 

11.16 

11.16 

11.38 

11.25 

11.20 

10.5 

10.5 

11.12 

11.19 

10.65 

10.75 

10.22 

10.06 

11.28 

11-47 

8.03 

7·82 

7·89 

10.86 

10.77 

10.9 

10.7 

2.11 

2.ll 

1.9 

1.8 

2.27 

2.24 

2.20 

2.18 

2.22 

2.26 

2.2 

2.2 

11.27 Neg. 

11.26 ·035 

10.55 .o6 

11.15 Neg. 

10.19 Neg. 

l1.33 Neg. 

7.66 .213 

8•39 Neg. 

5.15 Neg. 

8.12 .082 

11.08 

10.72 

10.80 

10.43 

.11 

.005 

10.68 Neg. 

11.07 

11.06 

8.05 

7·34 

7o81 

2.11 

2.0 

.006 

.06 

2.26 Neg. 

2.18 .01 

2.24 Neg. 

2.22 < .ooo 

2.20 .ooo 

Neg. 

2o33 .ooo 

3.10 Neg. 

2.11 Neg. 

Neg. 

0.12 0.78NS 

.020 7.00NS 

.09 1.80NS 

.04 .11NS 

.04 7•00NS 

.10 o45NS 

•2'.3 •38NS 

.137 8.29 

o47 .60NS 

.32 o15NS 

.426 1.11NS 

•07 5·79NS 

.08 

•098 1.01NS 

.05 •95NS 

.15 

.02 •39NS 

.01 1o44NS 

.02 .28NS 

.04 l.OONS 

.016 1.00NS 

.02NS 

.08 l.OONS 

.12 .l5NS 

·03 

·033 .2!)NS 
Table h Analytical data for USGS-W-2 (cont.) 

Standard Deviation Org,/Meth. 

Org./Meth. 

*IIMI/INAA-W 

*IIMI/INAA-B 

*NERF/INAA 

*LASL/INAA-1 

LASI/INAA-2 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

Bottle 

1.72 

1.67 

1.71 

1.72 

1.65 

1.72 

1.46 

1.52 

1.48 

1.40 

1.42 

2.26 

2.27 

2-27 

1.28 

1.28 

2.26 

2.18 

2.14 

2.12 

2.10 

2.2J 

2.29 

USGSM/FlPh-1 2.25 

2.25 

USGSM/FlPh-2 2.27 

2.23 

USGSD/AAS 2.24 

2.19 

*USGSR/AAS-1 1.67 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNH/XRF 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A 

GSC/G* 

BIO/ AAS 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/FlPh 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*IIMI/INAA·W 

1.67 

.62 

.62 

·52 

·54 

.645 

.665 

• 62 

.60 

.67 

.65 

·59 

.60 

·72 

·70 

·75 

·71 

·59 

.61 

.61 

.61 

.62 

• 602 

.607 

.67 

.66 

.63 

.66 

.64 

.64 

·58 

·58 

·53 

·47 

·54 

Number 

.63 

.63 

·55 

·55 

.622 

.616 

.61 

.62 

.64 

.67 

.61 

.61 

·70 

·77 

·72 

.85 

.61 

.60 

.62 

.61 

.61 

.600 

.606 

.65 

.66 

.65 

.67 

.64 

.65 

·53 

.46 

·55 

.61 

.42 

___.l,_ Mean 

NazO (cont.) 

1.28 

1.27 

2.18 

2.26 

2.08 

KzO 

.63 

.64 

·53 

·57 

.626 

.648 

.60 

.61 

.63 

.65 

.61 

.61 

·77 

·72 

·74 

·83 

.64 

.61 

.601 

.612 

.65 

.66 

.64 

.65 

.66 

.65 

·59 

·50 

·55 

Neg. 

Neg. 

1.45 .ooo 

2.26 .006 

1.27 .01 

2.24 Neg. 

2.12 Neg. 

2.26 

2.26 

2.25 

1.68 

2.31 

2.01 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 

.011 

·543 Neg. 

.637 .016 

.61 Neg • 

.65 Neg. 

.60 .01 

•74 Neg. 

.61 .005 

.61 < .ooo 

.605 Neg • 

.66 .OOJ 

.65 Neg. 

.65 .oo6 

·54 .009 

·53 Neg. 

ratio 

0.02NS 

.048 .OlNS 

*NERF/INAA 

LASL/XRF 

Ulnd/ICPS 

•028 4.9SNS Exxon/DCPAS 

.033 1.00NS 

CRPG/MWPS 

•02 1•24NS USGSM/FlPh-1 

USGSM/FlPh-2 

.oo6 10.50 

*USGSR/ AAS-1 

.059 •39NS 

ETH/AAS 

.028 .02NS ETH/XRF 

*Kjell/XRF 

.04 .OI'!NS 

GSF/Grav 

.012 •7'lNS 

*BMNH/Grav 

.022 .03NS 

csc/z .022 < .OONS 

GSC/Y* 

.009 3o80NS 

USGSR/Chem 

Liege/Grav 

.004 7o00NS 

.018 .SONS 

*BMNH/Grav 

.012 4.2JNS GSC/b 

.01 .50NS USGSR/Chem 

.02 Lieg_e/Grav 

.ooo 9.00NS 

·04 

GSF/Co1or 

.015 *BMNH/Color 

a005 l.OONS 

*BMNH/XRF 

.oo6 ,20Ns 

GSC/A 

.007 1.33NS 

GSC/H 

.02 .64NS 

BIO/ AAS 

.006 3 .50NS 

.041 1.14NS 

.08 .26NS NIM/ICPS 

'Bottle 

·52 

.64 

.60 

• 66 

.63 

.63 

.63 

.64 

-643 

.632 

.638 

.618 

·51 

·51 

.66 

.60 

·56 

·56 

·56 

.60 

.60 

·52 

·50 

·52 

·50 

-48 

·58 

·55 

·49 

·59 

.20 

.20 

.18 

.20 

.JO 

·29 

·35 

.29 

.18 

Standard Deviation 

Nwnber ~1!:!.2::. 

____l.__ Mean 2 df --1..£. ratio 

KzO (cont.) 

Oo53 0.49 Neg. 0.32 O.OJNS 

.42 

·53 

·55 

·54 

.61 

.62 

.61 

.65 

.63 

.63 

.62 

• 634 

.631 

.616 

.624 

·53 

·51 

.68 

.60 

·56 

.22 

·24 

.16 

.20 

.29 

.29 

.29 

·24 

.15 

·53 

·55 

·59 

.61 

.61 

·56 

.60 

·59 

·57 

·57 

.46 

·52 

·56 

·52 

.60 

.60 

.2J 

·24 

• u. 

.18 

.27 

.27 

TiOz 

·54 

·53 

.61 Neg. 

.64 Neg • 

.635 Neg • 

.625 Neg. 

.017 

•59 

Neg. 

Neg. 

·57 .02 

0 

.22 

.18 Neg • 

.013 

• 25 Neg • 

1.04 < .ooo 

1.08 

Neg. 

Neg. 

1.08 Neg. 

.012 

1.06 

1.10 Neg. 

Neg. 

.019 .62NS 

.019 .43NS 

.007 2.00NS 

o0089 .48NS 

.009 lo40NS 

7•79NS 

.04 .6JNS 

.02 •78NS 

·04 

.06 

.02 •78NS 

·004 21.00 

.08 ·52NS 

.008 1.00NS 

·009 .60Ns 

.01NS 

.01 o70NS 

.ou. 2.54NS 

.01 

.04 

.012 .llNS 

Tables 1-6 15 
Table 1. Analytical data for USGS-W•2 (cont.) 

Standard Deviation 

Bottle Number ~ !!!:2!. 

Org./Meth. Mean 2 df ~ ratio 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/Color 

WHOI/XRF 

UWrz/XRF 

WSU/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*LASL/INM-1 

LASL/XRF 

Tohok/IPM 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

ETH/MS 

ETH/XRF 

*Kje11/ICPS 

/OES 

/xRF 

CSF/Color 

*BMNH/Color 

*BMNH/XRF 

esc/A 

esC/J* 

*NIM/XRF 

1.1 

1.1 

1.093 

1.081 

1.078 

1.09 

1.08 

1.08 

1.08 

l.OJ 

1.06 

1.07 

1.06 

.60 

.64 

·59 

1.00 

1.07 

1.07 

1.05 

1.05 

1.12 

1.09 

1.07 

1.13 

lo14 

1o07 

1.07 

.64 

.46 

.63 

1.1 

1.1 

1o093 

1.089 

lo070 

1.08 

1.08 

1.06 

1.06 

1.03 

1.06 

1.05 

1.05 

.6o 

·58 

.62 

·99 

1.05 

1.05 

1.04 

1.04 

1.08 

lo09 

1.09 

1.14 

1.13 

1.07 

1o07 

.66 

o45 

.62 

.11 

.11 

.02 

.18 

.12 

.12 

.131 

.132 

.12 

.13 

.13 

.13 

o19 

TiOz (cont.) 

1.1 1.1 

1.1 

1.08 

1.08 

1.06' 

1.06 

1.05 

1.0J 

1.06 

1.06 

1.04 

1.08 

1.06 

1.05 

.11 

.11 

.19 

.12 

.11 

.12 

.134 

o1J6 

1.084 

1.08 

1.04 

1.06 

1.00 

1.06 

1.05 

.11 

.1J 

.12 

.133 

.12 

.13 

.12 

.012 

Neg, 

Neg. 

Neg, 

Neg. 

< .000 

.001 

Neg. 

Neg • 

.010 

.08 4o84NS 

.ooo 

.02 o04NS 

.004 7.00NS 

.023 

.02 •75NS 

.004 7.00NS 

.018 .20NS 

.004 1.00NS 

.002 l.76NS 

.019 .43NS 

.ot~ •34NS 

Org./Meth. 

F.TH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

esF/Color 

BMNH/Co1or 

*BMNH/XRF 

esc/A* 

esc/G* 

esc/N 

NIM/AAS 

NIM/ICPS 

usesa/Chem 

WHOI/XRF 

UWrz/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

usesa/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

*Kje11/MS 

/rePs 

*BMNH 

usesa/chem 

.11 

.11 

.15 

• 11 

.12 

.12 

.1Jl 

.135 

olJ 

.09 

.lJ 

.13 

.17 

·23 

.17 

.19 

.15 

.14 

.1J 

·14 

·14 

·147 

.tsq 

.12 

.11 

.12 

.13 

.15 

• 20 

.21 

.20 

.14 

.15 

.13 

.12 

.13 

.150 

.143 

.10 

.14 

.13 

.13 

.15 

.13 

.2h 

.2h 

.138 

.133 

.132 

.21 

.10 

.12 

.13 

.13 

.18 

.20 

.20 

o19 

o15 

.1(, 

.148 .OOJ .007 1.33 Ns esc/a 

Parma/Color 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USeSR/XRF 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

• 15 

o25 

·23 

o141 

.132 

.129 

·23 

.21 .22 

.132 .ooli 

.005 

.125 .00h 

.12P <.000 

.145 Neg, 

.245 Neg. 

.134 Neg. 

.21~ Neg. 

16 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

.006 4.50NS esc/Y* 

USGS/Cnem 

.oo6 2.51NS 

.017 1.24NS 

csc/L 

.004 l.OONS 

.009 .60HS 

esc/K 

.022 •72NS 

.005 

esc/A 

.o1 .20NS 

Bottle 

.16 

.16 

.163 

.17 

.17 

.167 

.168 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.22 

·23 

.16 

.15 

.19 

.09 

.17 

.17 

.16 

.16 

.19 

.21 

.172 

.168 

.16 

.16' 

.16 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.161 

.163 

.15 

.16 

·17 

.17 

.17 

.164 

.16 

.1200 

.1420 

.09 

.05 

.o 

.o 

·04 

.06 

.02 

.02 

.04 

.01 

·03 

.02 

.oo 

.oo 

Nwnber 

0.17 

.14 

.16 

.16 

.17 

.17 

.168 

.169 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.17 

·23 

.21 

.13 

.16 

.19 

.21 

.17 

.17 

.16 

.16 

.21 

.19 

.168 

.172 

.16 

.16 

.17 

.17 

.17 

o17 

.155 

.166 

.15 

.15 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.166 

.17 

.1230 

.1428 

.19 

.06 

.o 

.1 

.06 

·07 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.01 

.02 

.02 

.oo 

.oo 

~ Mean 

P2o5 (cont.) 

MnO 

.16 

.16 

.162 

o17 

.17 

.166 

.167 

ol7 

.16 

.17 

.17 

• 22 

.22 

.26 

·14 

.21 

.n 

.16 

o17 

.16 

.16 

.21 

.20 

.175 

.174 

.16 

.16 

.16 

.16 

.16 

o17 

.169 

.166 

.16 

.15 

.17 

.1220 

.1380 

CO;a 

.o6 

.06 

.o 

.o 

.05 

.o6 

.02 

.02 

C1 

.02 

.o1 

.02 

.02 

.oo 

.oo 

0.17 

.14 

.16 

.162 

.17 

.168 

.17 

.22 

.167 

.168 

.16 

.202 

.172 

.16 

.168 

.153 

.165 

.17 

.1217 

.1409 

.085 

< .1 

.o6 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.oo 

Standard Deviation 

...!2ill!. ~ 

2df ~ ratio 

.001 .001 4.00NS 

<.000 .004 1.00NS 

Neg • ·009 .20NS 

Neg. .050 o46NS 

<•000 .004 1.00NS 

Neg. .01 .UNS 

.002 .002 

.004 .004 3•00NS 

.ooo 1e00NS 

.002 .005 1e22NS 

Neg • .oo6 o50NS 

·003 .01 lol7NS 

Neg. .o1 e36NS 

< .oo .004 1.00NS 
Table J, Analytical data for USGS-W-2 (cont.) 

Ors./Method. 

Ulnd/ 

CRPG 

*BMNH/Color 

*BMNH/XRF 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A 

csc/F• 

BIO/AAS 

•NIM/XRF 

NIM/Dichr 

Parma/Color 

WHOI/XRF 

UWilrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

*NERF/INAA 

*LASL/INAA-1 

Bott1e 

1.08 

.10 

10.57 

10.86 

10.84 

10.96 

10.94 

10.84 

10.8 

10.6 

10,75 

10.80 

10.66 

10.64 

11.0 

10.7 

10.7 

10.8 

10.94 

10.95 

10.94 

10.80 

10.8) 

10.98 

10.88 

10.95 

10.95 

10.94 

10.81 

10.9J 

10.86 

7·79 

7·46 

7·65 

7·69 

7·91 

7·83 

7·60 

7·71 

7·65 

7o82 

8.24 

7·47 

7o46 

7·15 

Open/INAA 10.58 

10.82 

10.67 

*USGSR/INAA 7.70 

7·39 

LASL/INAA 10,55 

10.92 

10.86 

LASI/XRF 10.68 

Tohok/IPAA 11.04 

10.72 

Ulnd/ICPS 11,3 

11-4 

Exxon/DCPAS 10o87 

CRPG/MWPS 

*Kjell/AAS 

/I CPS 

/INAA 

/XRF 

10.8) 

10.89 

10.97 

10.92 

10.48 

10.81 

l0o9 

10.8 

10.81 

10o72 

10.61 

10o44 

10.9 

10o9 

10.8 

10.8 

10.80 

10.90 

11.00 

10.94 

10.92 

10·95 

10·90 

10.95 

10.80 

11.26 

11.24 

10.78 

10.70 

7·63 

7·74 

7·13 

8.12 

7·41 

7·89 

7·96 

7·36 

7·63 

7·91 

8.15 

7·24 

7·11 

7·'2A 

11.06 

10.10 

10.09 

7·74 

~.69 

10.74 

11.21 

10.68 

10.76 

10.91 

10.84 

10.8 

10.7 

10.86 

Number 

LOI 

Standard Deviation 

Botqe .!£.1.:2!:_ 

Mean 2df 3df ~ 

.01 9•00NS 

10.77 

Neg, .058 Q.JlNS 

.1.45 1.42NS 

10.8 .05 .10 

Neg, .IONS 

10.60 ,01 

10.82 Neg, .10 •33NS 

10.97 .13 ·07 

10.90 .060 .o6o 3•91NS 

10.94 Neg. ·047 .23NS 

10.90 Neg. .06 .90NS 

11.04 .19 .06 23·40 

10.85 .04 

7·59 Neg, ·38NS 

Neg, .27 < .OONS 

Neg, .22 < ,OONS 

.1.4 .20 1.97NS 

.083 

10,55 Neg, 

7·55 .1.4 ,14 2.9'lNS 

10.8) Neg. .25 ,?J.NS 

10o72 

10·95 .08 ,13 1.68NS 

o07 4lo33 

10.80 .05 ·0'35 7•14NS 

10,74 Neg, .10 .40NS 

Ors./Meth, 

USGSR/AAS 

csc/c 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

GGI/Spph 

Kje11/INAA 

GCL/Spph 

csc/N 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

Bottle 

0.042 

,6 

·7 

1.2 

2.6 

1.4 

1.8 

2.1 

1.4 

185 

180 

178·5 

177·5 

170 

175 

168.4 

164.9 

1.48.3 

229·39 

239·55 

241.64 

350 

290 

290 

180 

180 

150 

230 

200 

250 

135 

LASL/INAA-1 200 

210 

280 

Open/INAA 161 

202 

165 

USGSR/INAA 180 

160 

Ulnd/ICPS 171 

166 

CRPG/MWPS 185 

186 

USCSR/OES 140 

160 

HMI/SSMS 131,6 

73.4 

106.4 

ETH/XRF-L "'2 171 

ETH/XRF-L B 179 

Kje 11/ICPS !69 

/INAA 180 

BIO/ AAS 

GCL/ AAS 

1,2 

1.0 

1,0 

1.2 

Number 

Mean 

Ag 

0.046 0.058 0.048 

.040 .056 

·7 

.6 

1.9 

1.0 

1.2 

.6 

·9 

1.4 

205 

180 

182.7 

182.7 

174 

170 

169.6 

170.8 

154.2 

231·31 

225·77 

233·09 

230 

320 

<200 

200 

150 

170 

270 

270 

200 

180 

400 

170 

220 

182 

161 

189 

As 

Ba 

240 

290 

330 

200 166 

180 160 

169 170 

165 168 

184 

183 

170 160 

170 160 

82.6 

74·9 

63·7 

171 175 

179 181 

172 168 

170 140 

1.1 

1,1 

1.2 

1.0 

Be 

l.J 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

·7 

<2 

1,55 

10.7 

188 

l83.0 

237 

?A7 

177 

168.2 

160 

1,2 

1.13 

Standard Deviation 

~~ 

2.£. ..1-2!.. .!!!!.2.. 

Neg, o.o6 0.50NS 

Neg. .63 •51NS 

·47 2.40NS 

Neg, 1.11 o41NS 

Neg, 10 .5QNS 

Neg. .02NS 

Neg, 10.02 .28NS 

3·68 2.41NS 

Neg, 48 •72NS 

Neg. 21.6 

Neg. .5JNS 

Neg. .20NS 

Neg, < .OONS 

11.2 11.8 2.82NS 

Neg, 2,7 

g,OONS 

8.2 8.2 3o00NS 

3•78NS 

.06 1.80NS 

Neg, .12 •50NS 

Tables 1-6 17 
Table 1. Analytical data for USGS-W-2 (cont.) 

Standard Deviation 

Bottle Nwnber ~ ..!!!2!:_ 

Org./Meth, Mean 2 df ..1..2!.. ~ 

Toron/INAA 

*BIO/AAS 

*WAIT/IIMS 

*CCL/ AAS 

UWUrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA•W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

*LASL/INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Chels/INAA 

*Cenev/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

Munich 

GSF/OES 

csc/N 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/AAS 

74 

75 

98 

102 

·70 

·70 

21.5 

22.6 

22.9 

32·37 

30.31 

30o05 

2'3·8 

22.4 

2'3·4 

22.8 

24ol 

23o5 

2'3·3 

23·7 

23.6 

24·5 

24·7 

32 

30 

27 

2J .6 

2).6 

ZJ.O 

2J 

2J 

24 

24 

21.4 

21.8 

24·9 

9ol6* 

21.41 

17·58 

20o9 

27·9 

19·9 

2J 

25.1 

191·8 

185o2 

126.1 

160 

174 

165 

40 

35 

58 

72 

43 

43 

46 

46 

71 

75 

115 

97 

.62 

·52 

2'3·4 

24.2 

21.7 

31·94 

32·33 

27·59 

2'3·3 

2'3·3 

2'3·4 

24.4 

22.5 

22.7 

24·3 

2).0 

2).2 

2).0 

24·9 

29 

28 

30 

2'3·5 

2).4 

2J.l 

24 

24 

26 

2J 

24.6 

2'3·5 

24o3 

17.22* 

16.66 

16.16 

21.0 

20.8 

21.4 

2J 

2'3·9 

34 

42 

66 

58 

44 

41 

47 

46 

Br 

<2 

78 74.2 Neg, 

72 

lOJ Neg, 

.40 ·59 .08 

2J 

2J 

2J 

25 

.60 

Ce 

.::; 20 

22.7 Neg, 

30.77 Neg. 

.42 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg, 

2'3·5 Neg, 

2'3·3 .6 

24.2 Neg. 

2).42 .60 

9·70* 17.16 1.42 

17,30 

13.87 

22.0 Neg. 

14 20 

2'3·4 24.1 

C1 

< 2)0 

1)8.1 38.0 

171•3 6,0 

Co 

43 38•5 Neg. 

37 

63 64 Neg, 

68 

43 43 Neg. 

42 

44 45·7 1.0 

45 

18 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

3•0 0.24NS 

,43NS 

1.04 .81NS 

.OJNS 

·43 

.87 .14NS 

,01NS 

,18NS 

.29 .O<lNS 

.08NS 

1.41 1o54NS 

2.11 

•53NS 

5.66NS 

3 •72NS 

1.3 .lONS 

.6 6. 50NS 

Org,/Meth. 

NIM/INAA 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

Bottle 

42 

46 

45 

48 

46 

44.1 

43·7 

42 

42 

40 

38 

35 

44·39 

45o42 

45.11 

50·5 

4$.6 

49·5 

47.0 

48·3 

47·8 

46.2 

46.1 

47·0 

NERF/INAA 43 •9 

45·4 

LASL/INAA-1 46 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/AAs 

47 

44 

45.0 

43·8 

43·4 

44·7 

41.2 

45.8 

46.0 

43o4 

50 

46 

35 

44 

Exxon/DCPAS 43 •3 

CRPG/MWPS 

uscsR/oEs 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Kje11/ AAS 

/IGPS 

/INAA 

GSF/OES 

BMNH/XRF 

csc/N 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/AAS 

NIM/INAA 

NIM/ICPS 

43.6 

43.1 

60 

60 

51 

60 

39·9 

31.1 

22.1 

44 

66 

54 

42.9 

130 

96 

87 

91 

82 

81 

109 

10J 

87 

94 

100 

102 

80 

90 

45 

45 

51 

46 

51 

44·3 

45.2 

42 

42 

38 

36 

39 

41.22 

45·58 

46.74 

49·0 

52.0 

46·7 

49·9 

45·2 

48·3 

47·6 

44·5 

46.1 

45·1 

44·7 

44 

44 

44 

43.2 

42.8 

43·8 

45·8 

44·3 

44o0 

46·9 

44·5 

45 

41 

38 

37 

44.0 

44·9 

43·4 

61 

60 

60 

61 

42.0 

30·7 

25·9 

46 

66 

57 

44·4 

130 

110 

91 

70 

90 

8J 

112 

111 

91 

92 

105 

97 

90 

100 

Nwnber 

Mean 

Co (cont.) 

46 44o8 

45 

44·3 44·3 

44·3 

43 42.3 

43 

46.3 

43·4 44·3 

43·5 

42.0 43·3 

41·7 

47 45.8 

46 

36 J7.0 

32 

43·7 

60.2 

59 58·5 

60 

32.0 

44 45 

67 66 

60 57 

41.6 43·0 

Cr 

160 119 

88 

90 89·7 

55 

97 85 

78 

106 108 

106 

95 92.2 

94 

100 100.8 

101 

110 98·3 

120 

Standard Deviation 

~~ 

~~ 

Neg, 1.7 

2.31 

·3 

.6 0 

2.1 

Neg, 

Neg, 

Neg. 

Neg. 1.2 

.64 

1.0 1.1 

.40 

1.19 

Neg. 

2.0 2.3 

Neg. 

·43 

< .oo 

·3 

Neg, 8.6 

Neg, 34 

Neg, 2.1 

Neg, 8o3 

2.6 

·3 

Neg. 

14 

0.41NS 

2.53NS 

2,24NS 

< ,OONS 

.15NS 

3 •57NS 

2.03NS 

2.17NS 

.OOJNS 

•95NS 

2o78NS 

1.00NS 

l.01NS 

.06NS 

o27NS 

•30NS 

1.02NS 

,Q1NS 

9•33NS 
Table 1. Analytical data for USGS·W-2 (cont.) 

Org 1 /Meth. 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INM 

USGSR/INAA 

*LASL/INAA 

Bottle 

96 

90 

94 

86.0 

85·5 

96 

100 

92·9 

94·1 

94.8 

93·97 

97·54 

97·66 

94 

95 

92 

88.0 

39.0 

90.0 

124 

125 

128 

88.5 

91·4 

87.0 

84.1 

91 

89 

85 

Tohok/IPAA 37 

107 

Exxon/DCPAS 72o8 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH 

ETWXRF 

Kje11/ AAS 

GSC/M 

/I CPS 

/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA•B 

NERF/INM 

LASL/INAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

Kje11/INAA 

100.3 

101.6 

101 

101 

120 

150 

63·5 

61.6 

42.1 

95 

96 

102 

105 

112 

1.0 

1.0 

·93 

·98 

.81 

1.0<] 

·94 

·9 

1.2 

1.0 

.a 

.8 

.12 

.15 

.22 

·95 

95 

96 

94 

85·5 

86.5 

88 

90 

92.6 

93·8 

95·6 

96.69 

96.81 

94·59 

98 

100 

93 

91.0 

84.0 

90·0 

130 

120 

125 

90.1 

91.1 

88.1 

3r..5 

80 

97 

94 

92 

104 

99·1 

75•5 

77·7 

102 

102 

120 

120 

59·4 

48.6 

53·5 

95 

95 

107 

106 

119 

1.1 

·7 

·95 

o89 

1ol3 

1.01 

lo07 

1.2 

1.4 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

1.0 

·079 

1.18 

.091 

·90 

Number 

Mean 

Cr (cont.) 

lOJ 

98 

105 

99 

96 

120 

120 

93 

108 

Cs 

1.4 

1.1 

.6 

·9 

1.0 

94·1 

92 

?£>.0 

125 

125 

54o8 

95 

94 

104 

101 

115 

1.0 

1.01 

·9 

1.12 

·93 

·31 

Standard Deviation 

~~ 

2df ~ ratio 

Neg. 2.27 0,81NS 

.6 

13.50 

Neg.. 1.27 .004NS 

Neg, .06NS 

5·59 

Neg. 2.8 

Neg. 

Neg. .04NS 

Neg. 2.2 

Neg. 6.8 .l3NS 

Neg. < .OONS 

Neg. .38NS 

<..0 12 1.00NS 

Neg, .06NS 

.11 .20 1.56NS 

Neg. .08 .42NS 

Neg, .11 

.16 

.12 .06 9•50NS 

Neg. .61NS 

GSF/OES 

GSC/N 

BIO/AAS 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Curie/XRF 

LASL/XRF 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

USGSR/MS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/AAS 

/rePs 

/OES 

Toron/INAA 

NERF/INM 

Genev/INM 

Kje11/I!Ils 

Kjell/III!S 

NIM/INAA 

*Toron/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INM•W 

HMI/INAA-B 

Bottle Number 

120 

120 

125 

100 

105 

105 

114 

108 

Ill 

98·5 

97·7 

108 

110 

92.82 

10J.87 

104.58 

98·45 

97·49 

130 

115 

115 

110 

106 

105 

101 

105 

98 

102.1 

99·0 

108 

108 

101.17 

100.54 

100.15 

101.ll 

99·41 

95·49 99·07 

77 78 

103 104 

102 lOJ 

107.6 115.0 

112.7 

113.0 

101 

106 

120 

140 

70·5 

69·4 

61.8 

109 

ll7 

100 

102 

84 

ll2 

70 

1.6 

1.3 

1.5 

1.05 

1.08 

·99 

1.18 

1.12 

1.01 

1.16 

1.24 

1.14 

1.10 

1.10 

1.11 

112.6 

106.4 

102 

102 

140 

140 

64-7 

76.6 

56.4 

116 

115 

lOJ 

10J 

84 

113 

66 

1.3 

1.3 

·93 

o87 

r.oo 

1.12 

1.10 

1.22 

1.23 

1.09 

1.20 

1.09 

1.06 

1.09 

140 

llO 

ll5 

120 

105 

lOJ 

Cu 

10J.4 

104.1 

108 

109 

10J 

98 

140 

130 

115 

ll3 

106 

83 

114 

75 

Dy 

Er 

Eu 

1.3 

1.1,. 

1.J2 

1.22 

1.24 

1.06 

1.08 

1.12 

Standard Deviation 

.A2!.W. ~ 

Mean ~ ..:LSL ..£!tis_ 

122.5 

114 

106.2 

100.8 

78 

102.2 

111.2 

102.8 

135 

66.6 

102 

104 

84 

113 

70 

6.66 

3·2 

1.6 

1.)5 

1.08 

1.11 

1.18 

Neg. 0.07NS 

Neg. 10.6 ol5NS 

1.40NS 

6.6 3 ·3 13.14 

2.67 1.34 

Neg. •9 .6oNS 

Neg. 2.25 

6.39MS 

·3 2.1 

Neg. ,006NS 

Neg. .J6NS 

Neg. .60NS 

Neg. .04NS 

Neg. .28NS 

Neg. 

·97 6.MNs 

Neg. o52NS 

Neg. .6oNs 

.16 .055 27·30 

Neg. .06 

Neg. .06 o02NS 

.015 .013 

Tables 1-6 19 
Table], Analytical data for USGS·W-2 (cont.) 

Standard Qcyiation 

Bottle Nunper ..!2.W.t. .J.u:.2L. 

Org.(Meth. Mean ..l..!!L ....l...!!.f. ..t!.U2... 

NERP/INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Chels/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

Kjell/III1S 

/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

Munich 

GSF/OES 

UWllrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Curie/XRF 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Open/INAA 

USGSK/INAA 

Kjell/11115 

NIM/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

1.22 

1.22 

·'~> 

1.12 

1.00 

1.18 

1.16 

1.20 

1.07 

·98 

1.20 

1.2) 

l.J7 

1.06 

1.02 

1.06 

1:78 

1.60 

1:93 

·53 

1.50 

1:49 

·9 

loll 

10J 

248 

190 

210 

200 

195 

26 

15 

17 

15 

17:5 

14:3 

16.6 

16.62 

15:89 

17o lJ 

17.29 

17.07 

18:75 

20 

21 

7·9 

9·4 

7·9 

20 

1.07 

1.12 

1:09 

1.09 

1.03 

1.15 

1.16 

1.12 

1.18 

1:05 

1.22 

1.24 

1:19 

1.17 

1:05 

1.10 

1:37 

1.fi5 

1.70 

.68 

1.01 

1.1J 

1.02 

126 

159 

160 

200 

195 

190 

2:9 

2.6 

2:4 

2.6 

2.4 

Eu (cont.) 

1.21 

1.11 

1.06 

·95 

.8 

1.08 

32 

16 

16 

16 

21 

22 

Ga 

Gd 

Hf 

3:0 

2.6 

2:4 

2.6 

J.l 

1.16 

1.06 

1.16 

1.04 

1.24 

1.08 

1.60 

1.06 

:85 

1:07 

16 

16.2 

20.8 

20 

3:4 

2:73 

2.62 

0.054 0.046 

.02 .o6 

.02 .02 

.04 

Neg, 

.OJ :05 

Neg, .14 

Neg. :43 

Neg, 53·4 

Neg. 

0 1.2 

Neg. 

·35 

·3 

Neg, 1.1 

·45 

.16 .40 

Neg. 

Neg. .27 

20 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

3·75NS 

1:55NS 

,<34NS 

2.59NS 

.88NS 

·45NS 

•54NS 

1.60NS 

.11NS 

.001NS 

2o)JNS 

1oJ5NS 

loJJNS 

,OJNS 

3 .J1NS 

1.JONS 

.14NS 

Org./Meth. 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA·B 

NERP/INAA 

LASL/ INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Kjell/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Chels/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

NIM/INAA 

UWllrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRP 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA·B 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

uscsR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Che1s/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Exxon/DCPAS 

Bottle 

2.0 

1).1 

1Jo1 

11 

11 

9·7 

8:8 

9·6 

10:91 

12:39 

12.64 

8.66 

9·50 

9·59 

9·98 

9·93 

10.1 

11.2 

10:7 

10.7 

9·94 

10.22 

11.1 

12.6 

9•9 

11 

11 

9·11 

9•13 

9·29 

10.6 

10.6 

10.80 

l0o72 

8.62 

18.2 

16.9 

18:9 

• 8 

.6 

.64 

.66 

·78 

1oJJ 

1.12 

1.08 

1Jo4 

1Jo2 

9 

9 

9·6 

9·7 

10.1 

12.85 

13:24 

12:97 

9:88 

9·94 

9·69 

10.2 

9·71 

10.1 

ll.2 

10.6 

ll.J 

10:32 

10:04 

10.8 

10:3 

10.9 

12 

ll 

9:08 

9·64 

8:67 

10.6 

10.6 

10.20 

10:98 

10.26 

17:2 

19.6 

18.6 

Number 

J Mean 

Hf (cont.) 

2.4 

2:4 

Ho 

.4 

.6 

1.28 

1:25 

1.)1 

14:2 

14·3 

12 

12 

10.4 

10.1 

11.) 

11 

11 

2:45 

2:35 

2:57 

.62 

1.26 

lJ.6 

10.0 

11.0 

10:93 

11.2 

lO.SJ 

10.60 

Standard Qeyiation 

ratio 

Neg, 0.11 Q,llNS 

Neg. .046 :51NS 

Neg. o)5NS 

Neg, :15 .08NS 

Neg. .20 o04NS 

:15 o1J 3o70NS 

Neg • :17 

Neg~ .08 .J2NS 

Neg. ·32 .02NS 

.61 ·09 

1:5 0 

.20 :40 l.SONS 

.62 .68 3•55NS 

.62 ·47 6.1) 

0 

Neg, ·34 •J7NS 

.12 .18 lo94NS 

Neg. o44NS 

< .ooo :41 loOONS 

Neg. •35 oOJNS 

:40 

Neg, .40 .28NS 

Neg. 1.1 ,2/)NS 
Table 1. Analytical data for USGS-W-2 (cont.) 

HMI/SSKS 

Kjell/INAA 

GSc/M 

BIO/AAS 

Parma/AAS 

UWilrz/XRF 

USGSR/OES 

USGSD/AAS 

USGSR/AAS 

NIM/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HIH/INAA-W 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Che1s/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Kjell/INAA 

BIO/AAS 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/ lNAA-1 

LASL/XRF 

USGSR/OES 

HHI/SSKS 

Uind/ICPS 

USGSR/Spph 

11 

10 

to.o 

to,O 

So3 

9·2 

s.o 

·37 

·39 

.25 

o25 

·33 

o3S1 

·35S 

·373 

·330 

·355 

·335 

·37 

1.00 

·31 

o34 

o32 

·33 

·32 

o31 

·31 

o3S 

.66 

.63 

·73 

o31 

9·7 

11.2 

u.s 

to.o 

13 

5 

9·7 

to.O 

9•6 

to 

10 

1l 

to 

·34 

·37 

o31 

•33 

o25 

o3S5 

•360 

·376 

·359 

·321 

·352 

·44 

·34 

·33 

·31 

·32 

·33 

•39 

•32 

·36 

·3S 

.60 

·54 

·54 

o3l 

1255 1250 

1270 1240 

1455 1500 

15to 1580 

1290 1350 

1360 1330 

1350 1320 

1234 1245 

tooo 900 

1500 8to 

1233 1119 

1250 1423 

80) 968 

·73 1.2 

1,2 1.1 

·37 ·37 

o3S •37 

Nutpber 

Mean 

La (cont.) 

9oS 

Li 

to 

12 

9·S 

9·6 

Lu 

12.1 

to.2 

9olS 

6.s 

·37 

StandArd Deyiation 

1.2 loS 

Neg, 3•4 

.1 .1 

·93 .47 

.s .4 

Neg. 1.2 

Neg, .Is 

.oos .017 ·37 

·39 

.26 

o29 

·27 

o282 Neg, ·037 

·55 

..42 

·32 

·31 

o71 

.64 

.6o 

o30 

Mn 

1265 1256 

1255 

1580 1540 

1600 

1333 

1240 

950 to60 

1200 

1133 

Ho 

•372 Neg, 

•342 Neg. 

.52 Neg. 

Neg. 

·333 .016 

·34 Neg, 

o31 

46 

112 

Neg. 

1.0 1,06 Neg, 

1,1 

o26 o36 Neg, 

o40 

.012 

.017 

.01 

.025 

·04 

o04 

s 

40 

231 

242 

.20 

.06 

Bottle 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

BirnJXRF 

Nott/XRF 

2o0SNS Tohok/IPAA 

12•64 HMI/SSKS 

9.00NS USGSR/Spph 

Nwpber 

___L Mean 

Nb 

s 

5·9 

5o2 

9o2 

9·2 

10.22 

Standard Deviation 

.A.I!lllL .ID:2.t., F 

~ ..1...2!. .!!lli_ 

Neg. O.ISNS 

3.00NS 

Neg. ·39 ,Q4NS 

Neg, 1.36 .13NS 

.2 ·4 

Neg, 1,2 o07NS 

< .ooo .28 l,OONS 

·7SNS ~E~T=W~X=R~F------~----~~----~9----~~-----------------------

BirnJXRF 

o21NS 

NERF/INAA 

1o47NS Open/INAA 

•35NS 

USGSR/INAA 

oOjNS Che1s/INAA 

.OSNS ETH/XRF 

Kjell/lrt!S 

.64NS 

GSF/OES 

.toNS 

BHNWXRF 

1,76NS GSC/N 

•47NS NIH/ AAS 

3•73NS 

2.53NS 

3•53NS 

o14NS 

o43NS 

•3SNS 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

BirnJXRF 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

12.7 

12.2 

11.9 

28 

23 

14-S 

15·7 

14.1 

16 

13 

13o3 

12.1 

14·7 

12 

S6 

S3 

55 

65 

90 

73 

64 

65 

74 

73 

75 

69.4 

69.2 

76 

74 

so 

Sl 

7S 

53·5 

52o7 

54o1 

65·55 

67.40 

65.62 

66 

6S 

71.2 

72·5 

73·7 

94 

S9 

61 

72 

13.4 

12.1 

12.0 

23 

1S 

14.1 

12.5 

14·3 

13 

14 

13o4 

13o4 

13•9 

9 

Nd 

12 

12 

12 

93 

S7 

40 

55 

S9 

71 

65 

64 

74 

79 

72 

76 

Ni 

12.4 Neg, .62 .21NS 

Neg. 4.4 .66NS 

2.S2NS 

13•3 ·9 1,9QNS 

13o47 Neg, ·94 

too5 

Neg, 4,6 

Neg. 11 .S6NS 

79 Neg, 11 .13NS 

Neg. .6 .50NS 

<•000 .82 1.00NS 

·4 ·3 4o46NS 

75·3 Neg, 1.2 o50NS 

79·S Neg, ,02NS 

55·3 

1.14 3•04NS 

4.5 2.2 

Neg. 1.1 

Neg, ,Q4NS 

73 3.02NS 

Tables 1-6 21 
Table 1. Analytical data for USGS-W-2 (cont.) 

Org./Metho 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/AAS 

/I CPS 

/INAA 

GSF/II!iS 

BIO/AAS 

UWI!n/XRF 

Birn/XRF 

ETH/XRF 

GSC/X 

GSC/M* 

BIO/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWI!rz/XRF 

WSU/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

Birn/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA-B 

LASL/INAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

TOHOK/IPAA 

Ulnd/F1ph 

CRPG/Flph 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Bottle 

10.0 

12.8 

9·2 

u. 

15 

17 

22 

21 

21 

23 

21.5 

21.1 

20 

20 

19 

12 

23 

21 

24 

19·9 

21.3 

20.0 

20.40 

20.21 

19.67 

20 

20 

44 

17.1 

18.1 

19.2 

21.0 

27.0 

18.0 

43 

16 

29 

21 

22 

18 

19 

17 

19 

20 

19 

12 

12 

15·3 

14.0 

13•9 

23 

<10 

< 10 

21 

20 

21 

21 

20.5 

20.6 

20 

20 

17 

15 

20 

22 

23 

20.5 

20.4 

19·9 

19.85 

21.22 

20.45 

33 

47 

43 

18.8 

17·5 

16.0 

22.0 

29.0 

24.0 

19 

1q 

20 

20 

26 

19 

19 

20 

19 

18 

22 

u. 

13 

20.3 

U.o7 

12.8 

22 

Number 

Mean 

Ni (cont.) 

70 

77 75 

62 64 

122 126 

50 62 

Pb 

16 

Rb 

15 

16 

u. 

24 

20 

22 

22.3 

20.3 

20 

21 

19 

12 

26 

40 

47 

25 

24 

18 

21 

18 

20 

11 

10 

24 

7.66 

< 10 

6.3 

10.0 

15 

15 

20 

21 

21.1 

20.2 

22.2 

20.3 

20.30 

18.8 

12 

Standard Deviation 

~~ 

2df ~ 

1.6 

<.00 .8 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 1.2 

Neg. .8 

<.oo .4 

Neg. 4.1 

Neg. .60 

Neg. •55 

Neg. 1.2 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 1.3 

Neg. 1.2 

Neg. 

.6 

Neg. 2.8 

22 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

ratio 

1.08NS 

1.00NS 

o50NS 

.S4NS 

1.00NS 

.OlNS 

.64NS 

.07NS 

oBJNS 

o48NS 

1.64NS 

.30NS 

o78NS 

.06NS 

HMI/SSMS 

ETWXRF 

GSC/c 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/JNAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

Kjell/INAA 

GSF/OES 

NJM/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

NJM/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

Bott 1e 

·95 

1.0 

.8 

·72 

59·9 

44.0 

66.3 

89 

·7 

·7 

·75 

.68 

o40 

·95 

1.11 

1.15 

1.07 

1.23 

1.18 

.21 

.20 

.69 

·92 

1.1 

·7 

.68 

Number 

Sb 

.20 

·7 

.8 

·74 

Sc 

36.o 

36.0 

48 

46 

36 

32.0 

Sm 

Standard Deviation 

~Error 

Mean 2 df 3 df 

63.3 Neg. 16.6 

111 

.666 Neg. .16 

1.01 o088 

1.06 .125 

Neg. .12 

.85 Neg. 

41.0 Neg. 

Neg. 1 •. 1 

34o01 Neg. 

36.0 Neg. lo4 

Neg. 1.0 

·55 

37·5 0 

35·55 Neg. 

Neg. 

3·37 < .oo .o8 

.067 

Neg. .11 

F 

ratio 

0.95NS 

•34NS 

6.18NS 

< .OONS 

.43NS 

.13NS 

ollNS 

.16NS 

< .OONS 

.24NS 

•93NS 

o59NS 

3o76NS 

o48NS 

l.OONS 

< .OONS 
Table l. Analytical data for USGS-W-2 (cont.) 

Org./Meth. 

HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Chels/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Kjel1/II!!s 

/INAA 

GSC/N 

BIO/AAS 

NWAAS 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

Liege/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

LASL/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

CRPG/HWPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSHS 

Bottle 

205 

225 

180 

170 

191 

200 

213 

213 

192 

188 

190 

196.1 

195·8 

186 

187 

192 

186 

204 

202 

202 

193·9 

194-4 

192-4 

192·57 

194·24 

191·74 

198 

187 

195 

197 

192 

198 

202 

310 

320 

152.8 

140.1 

119·4 

ETH/AAS 200 

ETH/XRF 201 

Kjell/INAA 180 

235 

250 

172 

178 

202 

192 

208 

210 

187 

192 

190 

196-4 

195·3 

186 

188 

192 

197 

203 

201 

202 

194.6 

194-2 

190·9 

l9J.32 

193·10 

194·39 

195 

185 

185 

195 

191 

198 

202 

330 

300 

182.7 

158.0 

175·3 

209 

199 

200 

·54 

.61 

Number 

Mean 

Sm (cont.) 

Sr 

255 

260 

168 

158 

190 

191 

213 

215 

300 

290 

Ta 

·38 

-47 

3·45 

3·45 

2.2 

3·55 

2)8 

194 

212 

202.3 

308 

205 

200 

177 

Standard Deviation 

..!2ll!!.. ..!ll2!:.. 

2df ~ ratio 

Neg. o.cm O.OlNS 

Neg. .158 

Neg. .21 

.15 .04 27 

Neg. .08 

Neg. ·34 .9lNS 

Neg. ·33 .04NS 

20 10 8·58NS 

Neg. 5·5 

Neg. 2.3 .OJNS 

.6 ·5 

6.20NS 

Neg. 4.6 •74NS 

Neg. 1.1 •57NS 

Neg. 1.61 .o6Ns 

Neg. .SINS 

.22Ns 

0 

2).0 

.067 ·047 5.22NS 

Org./Meth. 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA-B 

LASL/ INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Kjel1/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGsR/INAA 

Chels/INAA 

Kjel1/INAA 

NWINAA 

UWUrz/XRF 

Birm/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

USGSD/DNAA 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

Bott.le 

0.61 

·59 

·58 

·57 

.62 

·52 

·45 

·45 

.46 

·45 

o43 

·43 

·58 

·51 

·50 

.64 

.66 

·70 

·45 

·51 

·51 

·94 

1.01 

.65 

.69 

.61 

.62 

·55 

·54 

·54 

.62 

·58 

2.0 

2.2 

3 

3 

2.8 

6.5 

4.0 

1.9 

1.8 

1.9 

2.41 

2.54 

2o45 

2.19 

2.14 

2.30 

2-39 

2.96 

2.2 

2.2 

2.0 

2.22 

2.31 

2.05 

2.2 

2.2 

0.62 

·58 

·55 

·55 

·50 

·52 

·38 

.48 

.28 

·45 

·44 

·44 

.81 

.61 

·45 

·71 

.so 

.64 

·57 

·59 

·50 

·83 

·93 

.66 

.66 

.65 

.68 

·55 

·57 

·59 

.6o 

·56 

2.3 

2.2 

4 

5·2 

4-8 

4-5 

1.8 

1.8 

1.5 

2.66 

2o31 

2.57 

2.38 

2.15 

2.21 

3·37 

2.65 

1.9 

2.0 

2.0 

2.17 

2.29 

2.22 

2.3 

2.2 

2 

Number 

~ Mean 

Ta (cont.) 

1.06 

·83 

·55 

Th 

2.1 

2.3 

3 

.48 

2.68 

2.1 

2.1 

2 

Oo588 

·547 

.42 

·44 

·59 

·45 

•93 

·58 

2.18 

2.05 

2.21 

2.18 

2 

1.64 

Standard Deviation 

...A2llk ...§!.!.2!:.. F 

.2..!!!- ..J..!!!.. ~ 

Neg. 0.027 0.20NS 

.024 .040 2.08NS 

1.61NS 

Neg. •009 .8()HS 

2.48NS 

.005 .061 1.02NS 

.038 .041 

Neg. .11 e42NS 

Neg. .029 .08NS 

Neg. o44NS 

Neg. o51NS 

Neg. .12 •78NS 

1.40NS 

.13NS 

1.12NS 

Neg. o17NS 

Neg. .10 

·97 1.18NS 

.10 ·09 

Neg. .10 .16NS 

.07 7.00NS 

Neg. ·58 

Neg. o28 .SONS 

Tables 1-6 23 
Tab 1e 1• Analytical data for USGS•W•2 ( cont,) 

Org,/Meth, 

GSF/OES 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

USGSR/MS 

OperVINAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Chels/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

LASL/DNAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

*TexA&M/DNAA 

USGSD/DNAA 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

GSF/OES 

csc/N 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/ICPS 

*Parma/AAS 

*Parma/AAS 

WIIOI/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

Bottle 

!3100 

6!300 

760 

llOO 

3!304 

452!3 

3095 

.16 

.16 

·43 

·43 

·39 

·36 

.2!3 

·34 

o36 

·45 

1,5 

2.0 

2.2 

2!30 

260 

254 

250 

29!3 

316 

274 

276 

267 

2'.30 

245 

·59 

.67 

,66 

·5 

·5 

o45 

·35 

.40 

·34 

.40 

·45 

·51 

-45 

240.ll 

249·!34 

259 

266 

272 

6!300 

6900 

670 

620 

3373 

4505 

3904 

.20 

ol5 

·43 

·50 

o44 

·3!3 

·34 

·39 

.40 

·39 

l,g 

1.6 

1.5 

2!30 

240 

244 

25!3 

332 

33!3 

273 

Z(2 

41>9 

240 

·59 

·5!3 

·57 

.6 

.6 

·43 

·52 

•39 

·39 

·47 

o40 

.40 

·49 

z;o 

251.0 

255·4 

241 

249 

24!3.15 

247o5!3 

263 

2!32 

264 

Number 

2!33 

261 

2!34 

Ti 

Tl 

.16 

• 16 

Tm 

.27 

.19 

u 

·50 

.60 

·53 

v 

Mean 

6933 

7!35 

3!3!35 

,165 

·30 

·39 

.61 

·52 

.416 

260 

253 

245·55 

Standard Deviation 

~~ 

2 df ...l..!!!. 

299 532 

92 155 

Neg, 647 

Neg. .020 

.02 

.06 

Neg. .(4 

.16 ·32 

·OJ 

.013 

·03 .06 

0 

Neg. 24 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg, 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Nag. 

24 Three USGS MafiC Rock Reference Samples 

F 

ratio 

l,63NS 

,02NS 

2.44NS 

,Q9NS 

5o40NS 

7.00NS 

lo42NS 

,llNS 

•74NS 

.llNS 

.22NS 

•75NS 

Org,/Meth. 

LASL/INAA•l 

LASL/XRF 

Uind/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

USGSR/Spph 

GSF/OES 

WIIOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

Liege/XRF 

BirnVXRF 

Nott/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Uind/ICPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

NIM/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA•W 

HMI/INAA·B 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

Bottle 

z;s 

254 

2'.33 

2'.3!3 

260 

254 

259·7 

261.1 

261.7 

266 

26!3 

310 

440 

176.!3 

14!3.2 

12!3.9 

273 

31 

·31 

.26 

26 

24·4 

24.0 

20 

20 

1!3 

14 

2'.3 

20 

21 

20.3 

19·7 

20.0 

2'.3·!39 

24-4!3 

24.62 

26 

27 

2'.3 

22 

32 

34 

42o3 

35·!3 

20.!3 

2'.3 

1.9 

2.0 

2.1 

2.0!3 

2.1!3 

2.11 

2.10 

2.05 

2oll 

2,10 

2.2!3 

2.13 

2.07 

2.07 

2 

z;s 

2'.37 

2'.34 

242 

25!3 

252 

257·!3 

269.2 

246.0 

26!3 

259 

390 

410 

143·4 

15!3·4 

133·3 

269 

33 

.26 

.26 

29 

2'.3·7 

24.6 

24 

25 

17 

15 

24 

20 

19 

20.5 

20o9 

19,4 

25o46 

2'.3·96 

24o46 

29 

25 

22 

22 

35 

34 

25·5 

2'.3·4 

2J.6 

2'.3 

2.3 

2.9 

2.6 

2.1 

1.!3 

2.21 

2.05 

2.09 

2.06 

2.0) 

2.10 

2o29 

1.!32 

2o13 

2.08 

2.0!3 

NUD!ber 

Mean 

Standard Deviation 

Bottle Error 

2df ~ 

V (cont,) 

260 

254 

3130 

350 

271 

w 

·23 

.26 

y 

37 

2'.3 

2'.3·5 

24·5 

24 

25 

21 

15 

2!3 

22 

2'.3 

22 

30 

30 

24 

Yb 

Neg, 

Neg, 

259·2 Neg. 

Neg. 

3130 Neg • 

Neg, 

271 

.on 

29o!3 Neg, 

Neg, 

2.6 

Neg, 

21.2 Neg, 

20.1 Neg, 

24,413 Neg, 

26.2 Neg, 

Neg. 

2.2 

2.55 Neg, 

2.14 Neg, 

2,12 Neg, 

2,0!3 Neg, 

2,1!3 Neg. 

Neg, 

!3.2 

55 

.6 

.6 

3·1 

2.2 

·59 

.61 

o5!3 

•9 

·33 

.069 

.21 

F 

ratio 

O.OSNS 

ol5NS 

.22NS 

·5SNS 

.21NS 

.16NS 

1.44NS 

.OSNS 

e07NS 

o2SNS 

,CJ4NS 

.31NS 

,36NS 

o24NS 

o50NS 

12.60 

.14NS 

o4!3NS 

,OlNS 

o72NS 

,61NS 

,06NS 
Table 1. Analytical data for USGS·W-2 (cont.) 

Org./Meth. 

Chels/INAA 

USGSR/INM 

IASI/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

USGSR/OES 

Kjell/IIMS 

/INAA 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

BirnVXRF 

Nott/XRF 

Curie/XRF 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/XRF 

Ulnd/ICPS 

EXxon/DCPAS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

CCL/AAS 

ETWAAS 

ETWXRF 

Kjell/AAS 

/I cPs 

GSF/OES 

GSC/N 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

Bott1e 

_1 __ 2_ 

2.14 2.21 

2.0J 2.01 

2.06 2.13 

2.2 2.1 

2.1 2.0 

2.00 2.05 

2.06 2.30 

2.04 1·97 

1.64 2.08 

2.30 1.94 

2.15 1.88 

4 3 

3 

2.6 

lo93 1.86 

76 

77 

81 

82 

70.8 

70·8 

78 

78 

74 

69 

73 

71·5 

72·5 

72·5 

83-49 

77·43 

80.56 

68-95 

78 

77 

82 

86 

71·3 

71.1 

69 

71 

78 

73 

68 

72.1 

71.0 

72.8 

82.45 

76.21 

79·79 

69.28 

66.61 66.01 

69-43 69.00 

88 

83 

97 

77 

76 

79·3 

90 

87 

95 

77 

76 

79·1 

78.4 77·5 

86.2 

66 

32 

65·3 

93·1 

59·6 

80.0 

82.5 

75·5 

77 

73 

6o 

99 

95 

81 

80 

99·6 

100.2 

106 

106 

87 

92 

77·9 

76 

61 

91·3 

82.3 

81.5 

82.5 

77·5 

75 

71 

72 

65 

97 

96 

90 

79 

101.3 

101.1 

102 

102 

84 

92 

Number 

__1__ Mean 

Yb (cont.) 

2.10 

1.9 2.05 

2.0 

2.22 2.00 

1.83 

2.07 

3 3·2 

Zn 

78 

75 

84 

84 

72·7 

71.6 

74 

74 

76 

82 

59 

65 

78 

72 

55 

120 

73 

87 

75 

Zr 

101.2 

101.7 

106 

104 

93 

90 

77 

74 

72.1 

79·99 

68.21 

59·8 

81.2 

75·2 

77 

72 

6o 

82 

104.3 

Standard Deviation 

Neg. o.oa 

·09 ·07 

Neg. .12 

Neg. ·32 

< .oo 

Neg. 

.a 

.6 

.8 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. ·58 

Neg. 

13.2 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 6.6 

.s ·3 

.8 

Neg. 4.0 

F 

ratio 

0.36NS 

4.00NS 

·53NS 

.02NS 

l.OONS 

.36Ns 

4.62NS 

48 

.IONS 

.16NS 

.OJNS 

o50NS 

.83NS 

1.3lNS 

.60NS 

.OONS 

o21NS 

13.00 

·38NS 

Org./Meth. 

Liege/XRF 

BirnVXRF 

Nott/XRF 

LASL/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Bottle 

67 

61 

67 

92·9 

94·1 

94·8 

84·32 

85.68 

84·70 

115 

106 

107 

74 

90 

115·9 

84.8 

74·3 

95 

73 

58 

67 

92.6 

93·8 

95•6 

87.63 

84·83 

86.82 

121 

104 

107 

.83 

78 

96·5 

94·9 

121.4 

95 

Number 

___J__ Mean 

Zr (cont.) 

94·0 

118 

109 106.2 

104 

81 79·7 

72 

98.0 

95 95 

Standard Deviation 

F 

ratio 

Neg, 0.04NS 

Neg. 1.3 < .OONS 

.86 1.13 2o72NS 

Neg. ollNS 

Neg. 7·8 o27NS 

Neg. 18.6 

Tables 1-6 25 
Table 2, Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 

["siOa through Fea03T in percent; trace elements in parts per million, 

Ors./Meth, 1 organization and method, Details of methods 1 where available, are given under the organization name at the end of table 3. 

Org./Meth. 

A set of data by an organization whose abbreviation is preceded by an 

asterisk contains data or estimates explained under the organization BIO/AAS 

name. F ratios noted only by an asterisk could not be calculated be• 

cause of a zero mean square for bottles or error, NS, not significant •NIM/XRF 

at the 9'5% fractile, F

0 ,

05(21 3) = 9·55· Allowable F ratios for other 

degrees of freedom (df) and probabiliti:es (p) are given at the end of 

table 1 for calculated F ratios not followed by NS, Neg, 1 negative 

Ors./Meth, 

GSF/Cherno 

*BMNH/ Chern, 

GSC/A 

GSC/D* 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/ICPS 

USGSR/ Chern, 

Parma/Chem, 

WHOr/XRF 

WSU/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*NERF/INAA 

Uind/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

ETa/AAS 

ETa/XRF 

*Kjell/XRF 

GSF/Chem.. 

*BMNa/Chem, 

*BMNa/XRF 

GSC/A* 

GSC/E 

bottle variance. Fea03 T, total Fe as Fea03 .J NIM/ICPS 

BgttJe 

47.46 

47·35 

47·32 

47·05 

47·5 

47·6 

47.19 

46.04 

47·6 

47·4 

47.67 

47·70 

47·30 

46.87 

46.48 

46.48 

47.13 

47·24 

46.96 

46.96 

47o4 

47·7 

47.63 

48.56 

48.19 

48o50 

48.12 

48.00 

48.45 

22.00 

21.53 

47o0 

47·0 

47ol0 

46·73 

46.83 

47.15 

46.46 

46.4 

47·09 

21.6 

18.54 

18.54 

18.97 

18.92 

18.4 

18.4 

18.64 

18.73 

18.0 

18.5 

18.65 

18.70 

47.41 

47·37 

47.05 

46.92 

47·7 

47·3 

47·2:7 

46·75 

47.2 

47.1 

47o56 

47o46 

47.09 

46.66 

46.82 

47·36 

46.82 

46.93 

46.96 

46.96 

47o6 

47.6 

46.43 

48.2) 

48.05 

48.0) 

48.54 

47o86 

48.42 

20.01 

21.32 

46.5 

46.7 

47·33 

46.88 

47o24 

46.46 

47·33 

46·5 

47o22 

21.4 

Number 

SiOa 

47·40 

47·36 

46.96 

46.98 

47o8 

47·5 

47o06 

47o02 

47.8 

47·4 

47.63 

47·30 

47·52 

47·52 

45o00 

46.06 

46·93 

46o82 

46.96 

46.96 

47·4 

47·5 

47o89 

47·91 

48.26 

48ol5 

47.63 

47·89 

22.14 

21.63 

46·7 

46.6 

46o52 

21·5 

Mean 

47.06 

47·55 

48.27 

21.44 

47.02 

18.37 

18.1 

18.66 

USGSR/Chem 

Standard Qgyiatiop 

..l.iU..UL ~ F Parma/AAS 

2 df ~ ratio 

WHOr/XRF 

Neg. 0,05 O.l2NS 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

Neg. .21 o27NS 

USGSR/XRF 

Neg, .22 .12NS 

*Toron/INAA 

.20 

.06 .14 1.35NS *NERF/INAA 

.28 .25 3•51NS *LASL/INAA-1 

•58 2.00NS 

Uind/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

Neg, .13 o70NS CRPG/MWPS 

ETa/AAS 

.21 .17 3 o99NS ETa/XRF 

*Kjell/AAS 

Neg. .26 .Q9NS /ICPS 

/XRF 

.11 •31 1.26NS 

.60 2.47NS GSF/Chern, 

.21 ·09 11.40 csc/c 

.22 2,22NS GSC/F* 

NIM 

Neg. 

USGSR/Chern 

ETa/AAS 

ETH 

Neg, .12NS GSF/Chern 

*BMNH/Chem 

.06 0 GSC/B 

Neg. .12 •34NS GSC/F* 

Neg, .25 ·34NS NIM/Vanad 

Neg, .06 •91NS USGSR/Chem 

26 Three USGS MafiC Rock Reference Samples 

Bottle 

18.0) 

17.84 

18.29 

18.50 

18.71 

18.71 

18.47 

18.61 

18.2 

18o4 

17o90 

17,92 

17o80 

19,21 

19·03 

17·7 

17,4 

18.95 

18.88 

18.0) 

18.39 

8.89 

9·19 

8.87 

9o61 

9•93 

9·44 

9·49 

9·54 

19.0 

18.8 

18.63 

18.38 

18.65 

18.35 

18.34 

18.65 

18.68 

9·30 

9·19 

9·47 

18.10 

l7o50 

18.29 

18.50 

19.02 

18.60 

18.61 

18.36 

18.2 

18.4 

18.20 

17·83 

lSoOJ 

1So99 

18.99 

17·9 

17.6 

18.84 

18.75 

18.02 

18.13 

9o41 

s.s6 

9·24 

9·87 

9.66 

9·52 

9·51 

9•51 

18.4 

18o5 

18.69 

18.44 

18.67 

18.60 

18.34 

18.7 

18.75 

9•20 

8.93 

9·53 

1.80 

1.80 

1.7 

1.7 

1.63 

1.72 

.60 

·74 

1o7 

2.0 

1o55 

1.18 

Nup#!er 

18.0) 

18.14 

17,96 

18.40 

18.60 

18.40 

18.49 

18.53 

18.5 

18.4 

18.82 

18.84 

17·3 

17.4 

18.66 

19.00 

18.77 

18.46 

8.62 

8.81 

8o75 

9·73 

9,66 

18.44 

9·00 

9ol6 

9·47 

1.80 

1.81 

1.9 

2.1 

1.72 

1.62 

.63 

.60 

lo9 

2.2 

1,06 

FeO 

Mean 

18o35 

'18.30 

8o93 

9·74 

1So55 

18o58 

18.41 

18.68 

18.62 

9o16 

9·09 

9·49 

1o52 

1.08 

7•33 

8o39 

Standard Deviation 

...!2lll.L~ 

2 df ..l...!!! 

Neg. 0.26 

.05 .26 

Neg, .12 

.oo .12 

.06 

.14 ·07 

Neg, •24 

Neg. .15 

.24 .20 

.069 .215 

Neg. .16 

Neg. .04 

.28 .19 

Neg. .14 

Neg. .13 

.038 ,025 

.15 .12 

.06 .06 

Neg. ,18 

F 

ratio 

0,60NS 

1,12NS 

,llNS 

l,OONS 

1,6SNS 

7o02NS 

.62NS 

o36NS 

3o98NS 

1,1SNS 

.14NS 

.64NS 

,16NS 

4,50NS 

2.66NS 

,84NS 

,008 .008 3 ,OONS 

.OS .06 4,50NS 

.02 ,05 1.46NS 

.02 .04 1,54NS 

0 .os 
Table Z, Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont.) 

Bottle Number 

Standard Deviation 

~Error On.fMetho 

Org./Meth, Mean 2 df ~ ratio 

Liege/Chem 

ETH/Chem 

ETH 

GSF/.Chem 

*BMNH/Chem 

GSC/A 

GSC/G 

BIO/MS 

NIM/ICPS 

USGSR/Chem 

WIIOI/XRF 

UWilrz/XRF 

WSU/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*Toron/INM 

Tohok/IPM 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/KWPS 

*USGSR/AAS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

*Kjell/AAS 

/I CPS 

/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

GSC/A 

10.32 

10.31 

10.08 

10.2J 

10,20 

10.0J 

10.19 

10.20 

10.2 

10.0 

10,10 

10.20 

9•90 

9·83 

9o66 

9·94 

10.28 

10.17 

9·71 

9·95 

10.1 

10.2 

10.71 

10.67 

9·9 

9·9 

8-49 

8·77 

10.10 

10.10 

10.31 

10.32 

10.07 

10,08 

10.17 

10,10 

10.24 

10.15 

10,0 

10.1 

10.16 

10,17 

9o86 

9•90 

10,00 

10.05 

10.18 

10.04 

9·95 

9·86 

10.1 

10.2 

10.64 

10.62 

10,1 

10.0 

8.91 

8.81 

10.14 

10.22 

5·93 

5·77 

5o60 

10.21 

10.36 

9o42 

9o50 

10o32 

10,13 

10.2J 

9·85 

9·93 

5·93 

5·99 

9o8l 

9·8~ 

6.20 

7·1 

6.1 

FeO (cont.) 

MgO 

10.32 

10.31 

10.18 

10.14 

10.19 

9·94 

10.27 

10.24 

10,3 

10.3 

10.21 

10,13 

10,34 

9·96 

9·84 

10.15 

10.02 

10.02 

9·93 

10,07 

10.2 

10.1 

10,59 

10o49 

9·9 

9·9 

8.88 

8.91 

10.12 

10.14 

6-44 

5·97 

5•37 

10.20 

10.20 

9o36 

9-47 

6.3 

CaO 

u.l8 

ll.22 

llo38 

11o37 

llo46 

11-44 

llo37 

11.22 

11.6 

11.7 

6.81 

10.32 

10.13 

10.10 

10.22 

10.15 

10.14 

10.02 

10.15 

10.62 

9·95 

8.80 

10.14 

10.27 

9o48 

10.22 

11.20 

11o43 

11o47 

11.6 

GSC/G* 

Neg, o.os BIO/MS 

NIH/I CPS 

·007 

USGSR/Chem 

WIIOI/XRF 

Neg. .13 .16NS 

UWilrz/XRF 

.02 .04 

.12 ·09 4.20NS wsu/XRF 

Neg, •33NS USGSR/XRF 

.u .16 2.04NS *Toron/INM 

Neg, .18 o25NS 

*HHI/INM-W 

.01 .12 1,02NS 

*LASL/INM-1 

·07 ·04 

.08 .04 9.00NS Tohok/IPM 

.12 .12 2.78NS Ulnd/ICPS 

.OJ .OJ 2.88NS Exxon/DCPAS 

·38 CRPG/KWPS 

ETH/AAS 

Neg, .u •57NS ETH/XRF 

*Kje11/Ms 

,058 .08) 1.99NS /ICPS 

/XRF 

Neg, .as .2JNS 

GSF/Chem 

.04 6,05NS 

GSC/A 

12.30 

GSC/G* 

BIO/AAS 

NJM/AAS 

USGSR/Chem 

.028 Parma/F1ph 

WHOI/XRF 

Neg, ·04 o50NS 

UWilrz/XRF 

·04 ·09 WSU/XRF 

.os .06 

Bottle 

11.10 

10.61 

10.62 

11.60 

ll.68 

8.08 

8-29 

7·59 

7·80 

7·35 

7·41 

5·32 

5o06 

4·97 

8.2 

8·5 

8o5 

11-43 

11,35 

11.1 

10.9 

l0o85 

10.90 

10o72 

10.94 

11.13 

11.15 

11-47 

8-25 

8.56 

8o15 

llo14 

11o33 

11,35 

11o35 

llo49 

11.71 

11.71 

11.49 

11.70 

llo70 

10.9 

11.0 

ll. 15 

ll.16 

llo15 

llo05 

10-75 

10.61 

11.50 

llo79 

8.13 

7·39 

7·98 

7·25 

7·65 

7o25 

5·~ 

5·25 

4·93 

s.o 

8·9 

9·2 

11.52 

12.05 

ll.1 

ll.2 

10.89 

10o79 

10.77 

llo13 

11.18 

11.20 

11.48 

8.25 

7·52 

8.11 

Number 

cao (cont.) 

11.24 

ll.10 

llo75 

llo43 

11.06 

11.71 

11.60 

11.60 

11.70 

11.80 

11.2 

11.3 

ll.07 

11.01 

10-95 

11.00 

10.69 

10.69 

llo38 

11.32 

6.87 

8o5J 

7·34 

ll.88 

llo47 

11.0 

ll.2 

11o38 

8.25 

7-66 

s.u 

llo24 

ll.ll 

11.06 

10.66 

11.54 

11.62 

n.os 

10.82 

11.10 

11.18 

11.44 

8-25 

7·91 

8.12 

1.61 

2.86 

Standard Deviatiop 

ratio 

Neg, 0.29 O.llNS 

.12 .16 2.18NS 

Neg, .04NS 

Neg. .06 .50NS 

.14 .10 

.os .04 

.o6 .04 5,00NS 

·004 .057 l,01NS 

o14 o12 

Neg, •58 •37NS 

Neg, ,24 .50NS 

Neg, .17 .12NS 

Neg, .46 .64NS 

.06 .28 1,10NS 

Neg, .12 •78NS 

Neg, .08 .01NS 

o05 .10 

.012 .009 

.11 .09 

Neg. .05 •79NS 

.OJ .02 

Neg, o05 o25NS 

< .ooo ·04 1,00NS 

.018 ,012 8.00 

Neg, o04 o30NS 

4.00NS 

Neg, .12 

Tables 1-6 27 
Table 2. Analytical data for USGS-DNC•l (cont.) 

Org./Meth. 

USGSR/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*IIMI/INM•B 

*NERF/INAA 

*LASL/INM-1 

LASL/INM 

Tohok/IPM 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSM/Flph-1 

USGSM/Flph-2 

USGSD/MS 

*USGSR/MS 

ETH/MS 

ETH/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

BMNH/AAS 

*BMNH/XRF 

*BMNH/XRF 

esc/A 

GSC/G* 

BIO/AAS 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/Flph 

WHOI/XRF 

UW\Irz/XRF 

WSU/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

Bottle 

·23 

·23 

.218 

.rs 

.13 

,2J+6 

.217 

.22 

.22 

·23 

.26 

.20 

.20 

·32 

•30 

·31 

·31 

.22 

.22 

.225 

·230 

·236 

.218 

.215 

.25 

.25 

.24 

·23 

.24 

.24 

·23 

·23 

.218 

.15 

.11 

.226 

.226 

.21 

.22 

·23 

.26 

.20 

.20 

·31 

•30 

·32 

·35 

.21 

.22 

• 224 

·237 

.224 

.216 

.217 

.25 

.25 

.26 

.26 

·24 

·24 

Number 

1.83 

1.81 

1.26 

1.22 

1.23 

·23 

·23 

.218 

.12 

.12 

.228 

.242 

.20 

.21 

·24 

·23 

.20 

.20 

.29 

.29 

•33 

·34 

·23 

·23 

.217 

.216 

·24 

.25 

.24 

.26 

.25 

·23 

Mean 

1.81 

1.13 

1-41 

1.31 

1.28 

1o95 

2.08 

1.81 

1-42 

.218 

.13 

.21 

.24 

.20 

·31 

.22 

.216 

.25 

.25 

Standard Deviation 

~ ..!!:!:.2L 

2df ~ 

0.02 -.01 

.029 ·339 

Neg. .048 

Neg, .041 

Neg. •07 

Neg. .02 

.OOJ .024 

.053 .017 

.02 .02 

< .000 ,01 

Neg. .012 

Neg. o02J 

Neg. •075 

.02 .02 

Neg, .01 

Neg, .01 

.oo6 .oo6 

Neg, .018 

Neg, ,02 

.007 .004 

Neg • .006 

Neg. .001 

< .ooo .004 

.011 .009 

.ooo .008 

28 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

Org,/Meth. 

ratio 

,01NS *NERF/INM 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

1.02NS 

CRPG/MWPS 

•33NS 

USGSM/Flph-1 

.25NS· USGSM/Flph-2 

*USGSR/AAS 

l,OJNS 

ETH/MS 

19,50 ETH/XRF 

4.00NS 

1,00NS 

e50NS 

< ,OONS 

2.53NS 

.60NS 

.24NS 

.21NS 

,26NS 

.l4NS 

< .OONS 

l.OONS 

3.80NS 

*Kjell/XRF 

GSF/Grav· 

csc/z 

GSC/Y* 

USGSR/Chem 

Liege/Grav 

*BMNH/Grav 

GSC/b 

USGSR/Chem 

Liege/Grav 

WHOI/Grav 

Ulnd/Grav 

CRPG/Grav 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNH/ Co lor 

*BMN!f/XRF 

GSC/A* 

Bottle 

Ool9 

.21 

.22 

o19 

.21 

.22 

•33 

o22 

.22 

·24 

·23 

·23 

.22 

.26 

·233 

·234 

.223 

·232 

.17 

o17 

·27 

.21 

.20 

.64 

.61 

•77 

•79 

·76 

.68 

.66 

.68 

.61 

.61 

·70 

·87 

·72 

·35 

•33 

·24 

.22 

·40 

·40 

·31 

.21 

·34 

•33 

•38 

-41 

·39 

0.24 

.21 

.19 

·23 

.18 

o19 

.21 

.21 

.22 

.24 

·23 

.24 

.28 

.25 

·322 

-232 

.289 

·233 

.17 

.17 

·27 

.20 

.21 

·55 

·59 

.82 

.81 

·94 

.62 

.64 

·72 

·59 

·59 

·79 

·93 

.67 

·33 

•37 

.26 

.18 

·45 

·45 

o29 

o19 

·34 

.41 

.41 

·50 

·50 

·51 

.48 

·47 

.48 

-481 

·483 

.48 

.48 

Number 

ol7 

.20 

·23 

·233 

·231 

·231 

.225 

o17 

.16 

.20 

.21 

Mean 

Standard Deviation 

~Error 

2df ~ 

0.21 Neg, 0.021 

.20J Neg. .022 

.217 Neg, ,013 

·235 Neg. .oo6 

.25 .o .025 

.248 Neg. .037 

·239 .0099 .023 

.168 .ooo .004 

·27 

.20 

.21 

·597 ,01 

.67 Neg, 

.60 .01 

.78 Neg. 

·35 

•23 Neg. 

.28 Neg. 

·37 .01 

1.08 

.40 < .oo 

·478 .ooo 

-482 .002 

.485 

.04 

.06 

0 

.11 

.o6 

0 

.02 

.01 

.004 

.OOJ 

·004 

ratio 

O.l5NS 

.l4NS 

,IONS 

,50NS 

l.OONS 

1.00NS 

1,23NS 

1,26NS 

.06NS 

.1JNS 

,06NS 

,05NS 

1.6JNS 

l.OONS 

l,OONS 

3e00NS 
Table 2. Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont.) 

Org,/ Meth, 

GSC/H 

GSC/N 

BIO/MS 

NIM/ICPS 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/Color 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

*Kje11/ICPS 

/OES 

/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNH/Chem 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/Color 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Bottle 

Oo42 

o44 

·50 

·50 

o48 

o48 

·47 

·47 

·49 

·50 

o46 

o46 

.48 

·50 

·475 

.466 

.468 

·486 

·483 

.48 

o48 

.48 

o48 

o48 

o48 

·55 

·56 

o30 

o30 

·54 

o48 

o46 

·50 

·49 

·50 

·55 

·54 

·55 

·51 

o29 

o25 

.28 

·09 

·09 

.08 

o07 

.05 

.06 

·078 

.082 

.06 

.OJ 

o07 

,07 

.12 

.11 

·14 

·14 

·09 

.08 

o071 

·076 

,065 

ol5J 

.162 

.08 

·07 

Oo43 

·43 

·54 

·55 

.48 

.48 

o47 

o48 

o47 

o49 

·47 

.46 

·49 

·49 

.461 

·471 

·472 

.487 

.483 

.48 

.48 

·49 

o48 

o48 

o49 

o56 

·56 

.26 

·34 

o30 

·47 

·47 

·50 

.48 

·50 

·54 

·53 

·55 

·50 

.29 

o25 

.28 

·09 

·09 

·07 

.lJ 

.06 

.06 

.082 

.085 

.o6 

.06 

o07 

.07 

.13 

·14 

.13 

.13 

.09 

·09 

.077 

·077 

·078 

ol56 

ol5l 

.08 

·09 

Standard Deviation 

Num!?er ~~ F 

Mean 2 df ~ ratio 

TiOz (cont.) 

Oo43 Oo43 

·43 

o45 ·51 

·53 

.48 .48 

·47 

o46 ·48 

·49 

.48 

·49 

o46 o46 

·47 

·47 

o47 

o30 

.28 

·09 

·09 

·14 

.06 

.o6 

.o6 

.082 

.08) 

.o6 

.06 

.07 

.07 

.13 

.13 

·14 

.12 

o09 

o09 

.165 

ol72 

.as 

.08 

.48 

o485 

·48 

•34 

·495 

·54 

·55 

·50 

.29 

·27 

.28 

o058 

.082 

.13 

.16o 

.08 

0 0.008 

.018 ·OJ3 lo58NS 

< .oo < .oo 1,00NS 

Neg. .or o14NS 

Neg. ,006 o50NS 

< .ooo .004 1.00NS 

Neg. .005 .14NS 

Neg. .002 .5SNS 

,OQ4 ·004 3.00NS 

Neg, ,006 •50NS 

Neg, .006 o50NS 

Neg. .10 o92NS 

.008 

Neg, ·009 ,20NS 

.005 2.00NS 

.OQ4 1,00NS 

,001 .002 

.012 1.00NS 

Neg, .01 .24NS 

<·000 1,00NS 

.004 4o35NS 

·007 .005 

.00) .006 

Org./Meth. 

wsu/xRF 

USGSR/XRF 

Uind/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/Go1or 

ETH/Co1or 

ETH/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

BMNH/Co1or 

BMNHIMS 

*BMNH/XRF 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A* 

GSC/B* 

csc/N 

NIM/ICPS 

NIM/AAS 

USGSR/Chem 

UWUrz/XRF 

WHOI/XRF 

wsu/xaF 

USGSR/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

*Kjell/MS 

/rePs 

*BMNH/Chem 

GSC/a 

GSC/Y* 

USGSR/Chem 

Rattle 

0.07 

·07 

.08 

.09 

·23 

.19 

.076 

·078 

.072 

·14 

.09 

.13 

·09 

.14 

·14 

.148 

·1445 

.05 

.06 

.078 

.082 

.15 

.15 

·14 

·14 

.18 

.17 

.11 

.19 

.14 

.17 

·14 

·14 

.15 

,15 

.19 

.16 

.14 

·14 

.152 

.155 

.15 

·14 

.15 

.15 

.16 

o15 

·14 

.13 

.15 

.15 

o15 

.16 

.14 

·147 

.15 

.1070 

.1240 

.11 

.06 

.o 

.o 

.06 

.06 

.02 

,02 

Number 

_L., Mean 

PzOs (cont.) 

0,07 Oo07 

.o6 ·07 

.08 .08 

.10 .06 

·23 ·23 

.19 .18 

.076 

.077 

.073 

.10 

.08 

ol3 

.o8 .os 

·1455 

.06 

.06 

.082 

.085 

.16 

.16 

·14 

·14 

o19 

.20 

o14 

.12 

o13 

.16 

·14 

·14 

.15 

.15 

.18 

.17 

·14 

·14 

.155 

.151 

o15 

.14 

.15 

.15 

o15 

.16 

·14 

·14 

o15 

.15 

ol5 

.16 

ol7 

·149 

.15 

.1070 

.1240 

.08 

.06 

~0 

.a 

.06 

·07 

.02 

.02 

MnO 

·14 

.14 

·147 

.1365 

.06 

.06 

.082 

.08) 

.15 

·14 

·14 

·14 

.18 

.19 

.16 

.17 

.10 

.16 

·14 

·14 

.15 

.15 

.17 

.18 

·14 

·14 

.150 

.151 

·14 

.15 

o15 

.15 

.16 

o15 

·14 

·14 

.15 

.1070 

.1254 

COz 

.06 

.06 

.o 

.a 

·07 

.o6 

.02 

.02 

o.o6s 

.08 

.21 

.075 

.10 

o13 

.08 

.148 

.1420 

.058 

.082 

.15 

.14 

.185 

.15 

.175 

.152 

·145 

.15 

ol55 

o138 

.15 

.16 

.148 

.15 

.1070 

.1243 

.o 

.063 

.02 

Standard Deyiation 

ratio 

<o.ooo o.o04 1.00NS 

.006 .012 1.44NS 

Neg. .OJ1 ,Q2NS 

0 .003 

Neg. .OJ o86NS 

<·000 .004 1.00NS 

.001 .002 

.004 7.00NS 

.009 .007 4o00NS 

Neg, ,029 .28MS 

0 .014 

.0006 .002 

0 ·007 

0 .01 

<·000 .004 1,QONS 

.011 1o801fS 

Neg, .oo6 o50NS 

Tables 1-6 29 
Table 2. Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont.) 

Org./Metho 

csc/L 

GSC/K 

GSC/A 

*BMNH/Color 

GSC/A 

GSC/F* 

BIO/AAS 

*NIM/XRF 

NIM/Dichr 

Parma/ Co lor 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

USGSWXRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*IIMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

*NERF/INAA 

*LASW INAA•l 

Open/INAA 

*USGSWINAA 

LASL/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

Bgttle 

.02 

.02 

2 

0.04 

.02 

·OJ 

.02 

.02 

.o1 

9•96 

10.05 

10.08 

10.11 

10.19 

10.11 

9•9 

9•9 

9·79 

9·82 

9·89 

9·86 

9·98 

9·98 

9·98 

9·89 

10.11 

10.08 

9·98 

9·94 

9·89 

9•99 

9•92 

9•95 

9·85 

10.19 

9·99 

10.09 

9·94 

7·48 

7·02 

7·13 

6.92 

7o16 

6.62 

6.70-

6.93 

6.57 

7·49 

7·29 

7·19 

6.?9 

7·33 

10.06 

9·41 

9·31 

6.93 

6.84 

9·98 

10.21,. 

10.19 

10.02 

10.08 

9·88 

9·89 

9·95 

9·77 

9·86 10.01 

Number 

Cl 

0.02 

.01 

.02 

.02 

.00 

.02 

6.88 

7·11 

Mean 

0.028 

.o25 

.015 

10.125 

10.115 

10.0 

9·81 

9·93 

9·94 

10.14 

10.00 

7·31 

6.88 

10.08 

10.20 

Standard Deviation 

o.o11 o.oo9 

.004 .004 

Neg, 

.02 ·03 

.06 

.08 .06 

.02 .02 

·07 

Neg. • 12 

.10 .06 

.11 .12 

·043 ·038 

.02 

Neg, .15 

.10 .13 

.102 

Neg. .21 

Neg. .15 

.033 .15 

.28 .21 

Neg. ·29 

Neg. .11 

Neg. .15 

.10 .12 

Neg. .13 

Neg. .10 

30 Three USGS MafiC Rock Reference Samples 

Bottle Nwnber 

Org./Meth. _1_ _2_ ---..L 

ratio 

CRPG/MWPS 9·90 9·84 

3·80NS 9·81 9•97 

*Kje11/AAS 7•15 7.00 7•00 7•05 

/rePs 6,80 6.73 6.70 6.74 

/INAA 6.17 6.52 6.48 6,39 

Standard Deviation 

Bottle~ 

~~ 

Neg. 0.08 0.40NS 

3.00NS ____ f_XR __ F ______ 6_.~92 _____ 6_.8~5 ____ 6_._7_8 ______ 6._8~5-----------------------

.60NS 

7 •35NS 

4.50NS 

.20NS 

•53NS 

2.26NS 

,07NS 

·37NS 

l,lONS 

6.21NS 

.64NS 

•57NS 

•74NS 

,21,.NS 

USGSR/AAS 

GSC/c 

Toron/INAA 

CCL/Spph 

Kje11/INAA 

GCJ/Spph 

GSC/N 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

BirnVXRF 

Nott/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA•W 

HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/ INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

*ETJ:I/XRF-1 

*ETWXRF-2 

Kjell/ICPS 

/INAA 

.027 

.028 

·9 

1.8 

.2 

1.4 

1.0 

112 

102 

118.3 

100.5 

86 

86 

88.2 

104.4 

86.7 

147.49 

143·35 

145·50 

200 

160 

180 

125 

130 

140 

170 

190 

180 

76 

170 

80 

190 

129 

112 

97 

120 

130 

101 

101 

120 

118 

110 

110 

63.2 

58.0 

74·9 

99 

104 

101 

120 

.021,. 

.025 

1.0 

•3 

122 

117 

107o8 

102.6 

84 

88 

89.0 

97·2 

94·2 

136.01 

141.38 

139·40 

280 

270 

260 

130 

135 

160 

180 

180 

200 

139 

140 

100 

160 

117 

105 

94 

130 

100 

101 

98 

118 

116 

110 

100 

54o1 

51.1 

57·3 

97 

104 

104 

120 

Ag 

.027 

.027 

As 

.6 

1.2 

·3 

.8 

•7 

Ba 

<200 

300 

< 250 

133 

130 

89 

98 

101 

92 

100 

93 

103 

105 

100 

.026 

< .2 

<2 

·95 

·3 

113 

93·3 

142.20 

225 

137 

183 

120 

140 

109 

116.5 

100.0 

118 

104 

59·8 

96 

104 

103 

115 

.0016 .ooo6 15.50 

.12 1.12NS 

.18 ·33 

3•9 1.64NS 

Neg • •32NS 

1.6 2.3 2.00NS 

Neg. 7·73 < ,OONS 

2.44 

16 48.60 

Neg, 13 •95NS 

Neg. 11 •57NS 

Neg. 47 .12NS 

Neg. .42NS 

Neg, 21 .28NS 

Neg. .50NS 

2.00NS 

6.1 2.68NS 
Table 2, Analytical data for USGS•DNC-1 (cont,) 

Org,/Meth, 

BIO/AAS 

GCL/AAS 

*BIO/AAS 

*WAIT/riMS 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HHI/ INAA-B 

LASL/INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Che1s/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjelt/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

Munich 

GSF/OES 

GSC/N 

BIO/AAS 

Bottle 

0.8 

·7 

.6 

1.0 

13 

12 

12 

.20 

·24 

8-4 

9·0 

8.8 

28.4 

37·8 

24·9 

105 

100 

95 

54 

50 

62 

59 

55 

53 

Number 

Be 

Oo7 Oo7 

.8 ·7 

.s .s 

1.0 .6 

Cd 

85 85 

87 93 

86 

88 

.20 o42 

o16 o40 

10.9 

11.1 

u.o 

17.10 

8.26 

14o20 

Ce 

10.1 ll.2 

12.7 ll.O 

10o7 10o8 

8·53 

8·45 

7·45 

8·57 

7·75 

7•61 

2.5 

2·3 

13 

15 

14 

7•7 

7•9 

8.2 

10 

10 

8o3 

8.4 

9•0 

8.8 

8·5 

13·03 

12.12 

12.54 

13o4 

12.2 

7•3 

8-4 

44 

48 

70 

67 

56 

55 

2.1 

C1 

Co 

52 

54 

64 

65 

57 

56 

Standard Deyiation 

Mean 

o.o6 

.80 Neg, .20 

86.3 Neg. 

·2:7 .12 .02 

10.92 Neg, 1.0 

8.43 .60 o42 

2.6 Neg. 

1.1 .s 

8o33 ·30 

.41 

Neg. 

Neg. 

12.30 •37 ·53 

Neg, 8-4 

6-4 

1.8 

55 1.0 1.0 

F 

ratio 

.50NS 

o45NS 

2,28NS 

6.38NS 

< ,OONS 

.2JNS 

7o02NS 

6,25NS 

12.26 

7o00NS 

.67NS 

,46NS 

5·74NS 

,06NS 

4.80NS 

10.10 

3•17NS 

Standard Deviation 

-£BlL!oto.~;tJ..!1e.._ __ ..JNumb!lllll.!.lieili.r_ .A2W.L. ..!u.2£. F 

Org./Meth, 

NIH/AAS 

NIH/INAA 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UliUrz/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

56 

54 

58 

59 

63 

63 

60 

57·5 

57·8 

53 

55 

50 

48 

54 

51o32 

52·98 

56.85 

65.6 

68.2 

73·4 

HMI/INAA•W 60.7 

59·7 

58·3 

HHI/INAA·B 58•0 

56·9 

57·3 

NERF/INAA 57•2 

57·_2 

LASL/INAA-1 54 

Open/INAA 

USGsR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Uind/AAS 

Exxon/ DC PAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Kje11/AAS 

/I CPS 

/I.NAA 

GSF/OES 

BMNH/XRF 

GSC/N 

BIO/AAS 

NIH/ICPS 

NIH/INAA 

54 

54 

390 

300 

253 

254 

2:70 

270 

343 

321 

300 

315 

313 

303 

2 __l_ ~ 2 df ...J..1L ratio 

Co (cont.) 

54 

56 

58 

58 

62 

63 

62 

58·6 

58·0 

56 

60 

46 

49 

48 

48-36 

53·38 

51.~ 

52 

52 

68.1 61.7 

65·3 61.4 

64.7 66.2 

450 

280 

260 

250 

290 

280 

342 

352 

330 

300 

302 

303 

62 

64 

56 

48 

47 

49 

55 

78 

84 

54·5 

Cr 

58.8 

62.2 

66.1 

55o6 

57·3 

53 

79 

75 

54·1 

355 

2:78 

339 

307 

Neg, 1.2 0,5QNS 

1.0 

Neg. 1.29 ,IONS 

2.8 1.8 5e60NS 

2e31NS 

Neg, 1.8 .13NS 

Neg, 1.0 o48NS 

Neg, ·77 •75NS 

2.2 

le95NS 

Neg, 1.12 

Neg. e03NS 

.68NS 

l,06NS 

Neg, 

Neg, 6.6 e03NS 

Neg, 79 

Neg. 17 .41NS 

2.2 10 

Neg, 14 o14NS 

Neg, ,61NS 

Tables 1-6 31 
Table 2. Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont.) 

Parma/ AAS 3 26 

322 

)OS 

WHOI/XRF 243 .8 

236.6 

UWrz/XRF ,308 

312 

BirnVXRF 229•3 

245·7 

2}2.0 

Nott/XRF 275.10 

283·25 

267-40 

Toron/INAA 310 

302 

308 

HMI/INAA-W 2?6 

269 

265 

HMI/INAA-B 390 

375 

370 

NERF/INAA 2?S 

2?6 

LASL/INAA-1 283 

281 

289 

USGSR/INAA 278 

281 

LASL/INAA 250 

243 

2?1 

Tohok/IPAA 255 

252 

Exxon/DCPAS 307•2 

222.9 

225·9 

CRPG/MWPS 297 

297 

USGSR/OES 490 

HMI/SSMS 

490 

117·7 

1$3.6 

S3·5 

ETH/XRF 267 

Kjell/AAS 320 

/ICPS 295 

/INAA 347 

GSC/M 

Toron/INAA 

LASVlNAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

Kjell/INAA 

GSF/OES 

GSC/N 

120 

97 

97 

lOJ 

.6 

·5 

.4 

.20 

.08 

306 

315 

319 

2JS.O 

2J4.1 

310 

310 

2'.37·8 

2'Jlo5 

2'.31·5 

2?4·28 

2?7.61 

273·63 

31S 

307 

313 

268 

281 

256 

375 

395 

360 

281 

273 

283 

304 

301 

283 

2?6 

272 

269 

266 

262 

254 

295·3 

295·7 

295·9 

297 

294 

490 

530 

171·5 

101.8 

152.8 

274 

325 

295 

361 

1.0 

120 

100 

97 

114 

.24 

.14 

.11 

Nugi>er 

Mean 

Cr (cont.) 

316 

233·3 234.2 

228.8 

312 310.2 

309 

2}6.2 

275-21 

300 307.7 

295 

316 

378 

279 2?8 

280 

275 

2?8 

243 

247 

490 

400 

2?1 

298 

355 

Cs 

·5 

.o 

.22 

Cu 

110 

92 

89 

104 

262 

2?3·8 

< 1.4 

.42 

< .8 

.15 

·2'.3 

101 

32 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

Standard Deviation 

Neg. 8.18 

2.2 2.5 

Neg. 2.0 

Neg. 7.0 

Neg. 5.8 

Neg. 9•7 

Neg. 14 

Neg. 3·4 

6.6 8.6 

Neg. 3·3 

6.0 3·8 

2'.3•9 33•S 

o.o 1.5 

17 40 

Neg. 44 

.11 .oa 

Neg. .064 

Neg. 14 

Neg. 

ratio 

0.64NS 

2.52NS 

.04NS 

.03NS 

< .OONS 

1.12NS 

.04NS 

.02NS 

•54NS 

2o78NS 

l.OONS 

1.37NS 

o15NS 

1.46NS 

.20NS 

.22NS 

o45NS 

Bottle 

Org./Meth. 

BIO/AAS 97 

97 

Parma/ AAS 95 

88 

95 

WHOI/XRF 85•9 

82.6 

UWrz/XRF 97 

98 

Nott/XRF 89•29 

90.90 

89·49 

Curie/XRF 86.05 

S5o05 

85.65 

Ulnd/ICPS 96 

99 

Exxon/DCPAS 10J .8 

10J.J 

99·5 

CRPG/MWPS 99 

93 

USGSR/OES 110 

110 

HMl/SSMS 51•73 

USGSR/AAS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

Kje11/AAS 

/ICPS 

/OES 

Toron/INAA 

NERF/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Kjell/liMS 

Kjell/IIMS 

NIM/INAA 

Toron/INAA * 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA•W 

HMI/INAA•B 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

57·51 

43·64 

130 

102 

95 

S4 

75 

10J 

47 

•77 

·71 

.61 

.68 

·51 

.64 

·5S 

.60 

.621 

.634 

o583 

.601 

·578 

·558 

.65 

.64 

o49 

·52 

o51 

·58 

·56 

Standard Deviation 

Nwnber ~ Error F 

Mean 2 df 3 df ratio 

Cu (cont.) 

98 95 

96 96 

100 

100 

94 

88.6 85·4 

85.1 80.7 

97 100 

97 98 

$4.66 

87·79 

89o06 

87·09 

88.37 

87·09 

98 95 

98 99 

100.8 

105·3 

106.9 

92 

94 

110 110 

120 110 

69·36 

41.62 

46o24 

108 104 

109 106 

93 

91 S4 

77 75 

105 lOJ 

55 74 

Dy 

).21 3·2'.3 

2.60 2o53 

2.25 3.00 

2.8 2.1 

2.4 2.5 

3·39 4.41 

.65 

·5S 

.6J 

.61 

-~7 

.62 

o72 

·6? 

.614 

.615 

·564 

·537 

·545 

·553 

·58 

·59 

.61 

·54 

·54 

.65 

·51 

Er 

Eu 

.61 

·75 

·74 

.60 

·71 

o4S 

·55 

·53 

.62 

.62 

95·3 

.06 ,2•7 

.8 ·9 

88.53 

Neg. 2.0 

Neg. 2.8 

Neg. 3.2 

112 < .o 4 

Neg. 11.6 

110 Neg. 11.5 

94 

a6 

76 

104 

59 

2.2 .42 .24 

4.16 Neg. •74 

2.0 

.068 

.629 .026 

·599 .040 

.605 Neg. .028 

·562 .022 .016 

.62 .006 

·535 .0)6 .OJO 

•573 Neg. o058 

1.80NS 

J.OlNS 

1.00NS 

2.60NS 

3•77NS 

.12NS 

.SSNS 

.90NS 

l,OONS 

.02NS 

o48NS 

1.18NS 

7.00NS 

.25NS 

1.46Ns 

.4JNS 

5.l6NS 

.02NS 
Table 2. Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont.) 

Org,/Meth. 

Open/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Chels/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

HMI/SSMS 

Kjell/IIMS 

/INAA 

BMNH 

HMI/SSMS 

Munich 

GSF/OES 

UWUrz/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Curie/XRF 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ET!f/XRF 

BirnVXRF 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Kjell/IIMS 

NIM/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA-B 

Bottle 

Oo63 

.63 

.64 

•77 

.68 

.sa 

·59 

·58 

·55 

·78 

·95 

·94 

1.27 

1.16 

1.00 

·58 

2.8 

2.9 

2.2 

1.8 

2.2 

loJ 

1.0 

1.0 

1.4 

·9 

1.0J 

1.04 

1.02 

·945 

·895 

·931 

0.61 

.62 

.61 

.s6 

·76 

o85 

·59 

·57 

.60 

·84 

·96 

.s6 

1.20 

.ss 

.ss 

·59 

17 

10 

10 

12 

13.17 

13.22 

12.89 

16.58 

13.88 

13·77 

13 

14 

10.84 

4-55 

7·24 

17 

16.9 

16.5 

15ol 

Number 

Mean 

Standard Deviation 

Bottle ~ 

2 df 3 df 

Eu (cont,) 

F 

66 

Ga 

18 

15 

12 

13 

13 

13 

Gd 

Hf 

0.62;3 o.ou. o.oo6 

• so Neg • .os 

Neg. .02 

1.06 .16 

Neg. 13.6 

u.s 

13-47 ·32 

Neg. 1.26 

13·3 Neg. .6 

6.53 .61 2.25 

Neg. 

Neg. ·58 

lo85 Neg. ·47 

1.1 Neg. ·3 

1.02 Neg. 

l.OJ Neg, 

·009 

F 

ratio 

18.00 

r50NS 

,gONS 

1.40NS 

2.41NS 

1.40NS 

< ,OONS 

.50NS 

1.22NS 

< oOONS 

< ,OONS 

.Q9NS 

.38NS 

Ora,/Meth. 

LASL/INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Kjell/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Chels/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

NIM/INAA 

UWUrz/XRF 

BirnVXRF 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/nw.-w 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Che1s/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Exxon/DCPAS 

Kjell/INAA 

GSC/M 

BIO/AAS 

Parma/AAS 

UWUrz/AAS 

Bgt:tlg 

1,05 

..r;o 

1.2 

·9 

1.0 

·90 

·99 

.85 

1.1 

1.1 

·9 

·3 

·3 

.48 

·55 

•51 

2.90 

1.60 

1.65 

10,1 

1.4.0 

12.2 

3·44 

Standard Deviation 

Nwpber ...l2lllL ..JI.I!IL ., 

Mean 2 df ....l.l!. ratio 

Hf (cont,) 

Or98 

·92 

1.0 

•9 

1.2 

Ho 

La 

4 

< 1 

4·37 

4o15 

3·20 

Li 

4 

8 

1.12 

1.0 

·53 

2.00 

4·77 

6.3 

4.82 

3o62 

4 

10.4 

3.46 

6.0 

Neg, 0,078 Oo05NS 

·09 .13 2,5QNS 

Neg. .05 

·04 7•00NS 

.os .09 2.60NS 

.ot •OJ 

Neg, ,30NS 

.to ·33 1.20NS 

.ooo .s t.OONS 

Neg. .52 .02NS 

.89 1.25 2.53NS 

Neg. •57 .62Ns 

.lOJ .070 7•30NS 

.OJl .11 t,22Ns 

Neg, ,16 •77NS 

Neg. ·45 .21NS 

.12 2.00NS 

.1.4 21.65 

2.1 1.8 5e12NS 

Neg, 1.4 

.10 .12 2,33NS 

Neg. •73NS 

.6 

Tables 1-6 33 
Tab 1e 2 , Ana 1ytica 1 data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont.) 

Standard Deviation 

Bqtt:le Number 

_1_ __2_ _..l_ 

..1!2llk. ~ 

~~~~ 

USGSR/OES 2 

USGSD/AAS 

USGSR/AAS 

NIM/JNAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/ INAA-W 

HMI-INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

·45 

.44 

.28 

·31 

·34 

·362 

·331 

·357 

·333 

·345 

·338 

·37 

.44 

Open/INAA .31 

·33 

·32 

USGSR/INAA •33 

·32 

Che1s/INAA .31 

.29 

·35 

Genev/INAA .68 

.so 

.so Kjel1/INAA .30 

B IO/ AAS 1100 

1090 

Toron/INAA 1160 

1140 

1230 

NERF/INAA 1330 

1590 

LASL/INAA-1 11?0 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

Ulnd/ICPS 

USGSR/Spph 

Kje11/JNAA 

WHOI/XRF 

UWilrz/XRF 

Birn/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

11SO 

1160 

390 

850 

758·3 

1042.3 

689.1 

l.l 

1.2 

.13 

.14 

3·3 

2.8 

4 

4 

.8 

1.1 

·9 

5.6o 

3·44 

5.81 

Li (cont.) 

2 

2 

2 2.2 < o.oo 

.41 

·47 

·31 

·30 

·23 

.298 

·332 

·352 

·329 

·341 

·30? 

·31 

·58 

·30 

o41 

·31 

Lu 

.46 

·44 

·23 

.25 

·23 

·37 

·38 

·33 ·32 

·30 < ·07 

·34 

·36 

·35 

.61 ·70 

.66 .63 

.63 ·78 

·30 .29 

Mn 

1105 1115 

1100 1100 

1230 1210 

1140 1190 

1200 

1430 

1400 

1180 

11SO 

1220 

800 

?40 

1388.1 

84?o2 

?18.8 

l.l 

1.8 

-14 

.13 

3·5 

2.4 

4 

4 

·5 

·7 

< ·4 

5·09 

4.72 

7·49 

1150 

1305 

1440 

830 

1300 

Mo 

1.4 

1.0 

.12 

.10 

Nb 

2.3 

2.8 

4 

4 

.445 Neg, 

·339 .0093 

.005 

.41 Neg. 

•33 Neg. 

·32 

·33 .02 

.68 ·03 

·30 

1102 3·2 

1183 Neg, 

1416 Neg. 

1182 

818 122 

Neg. 

1,27 Neg, 

.12? .012 

< ·5 

Neg, 

4 

.a 

5,36 Neg, 

34 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

l,OONS 

.12 l,OONS 

.026 .O?NS 

.OJ1 4•1?NS 

.023 

.013 

.11 

.C\4 o32NS 

.02 3o22NS 

.o6 1,61NS 

1.36NS 

42 .08NS 

120 ,26NS 

18.0 2o58NS 

1o41NS 

284 .44NS 

·33 o4?NS 

.010 

•49NS 

•50NS 

Org./Meth, 

Tohok/IPAA 

USGSR/Spph 

ETH/XRF 

Birn/XRF 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Chels/INAA 

ETH/XRF 

Kje11/Jli1S 

GSF/OES 

BMNH/XRF 

GSC/N 

NIM/AAS 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWilrz/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

Birn/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

Kje11/AAS 

/I CPS 

/INAA 

GSF/Ili1S 

BIO/AAS 

UWilrz/XRF 

Bottle 

6.2 

5·2 

6.2 

5·1 

4·3 

5·5 

5·2 

4·9 

5·1 

0 

350 

330 

230 

265 

26o 

240 

243 

249 

2?2 

2€.4 

269 

235·9 

237·4 

250 

250 

300 

291 

2?6 

216.9 

218.9 

218.1 

238.35 

239o61 

236·55 

250 

26o 

255·7 

249·6 

247·7 

2?8 

281 

230 

260 

85.8 

114.4 

66.8 

250 

244 

230 

368 

228 

2 

300 

320 

255 

265 

2?0 

2?0 

242 

244 

2?1 

2?2 

266 

236·4 

235•9 

248 

250 

290 

284 

2?0 

218.1 

21?.1 

220.1 

245·31 

243.01 

247·65 

262 

283 

244.2 

244·7 

243·6 

2?8 

282 

250 

250 

106.1 

59·1 

€.4.6 

245 

245 

225 

365 

253 

4 

6 

Nwnber 

Standard Deviation 

~ Error 

_.L Mean 2df ~ ~ 

Nb (cont.) 

Nd 

4 

Ni 

330 

310 

2?5 

295 

260 

250 

245 

242 

235·2 

233·1 

252 

250 

239 

223 

371 

236 

Pb 

4 

4 

2.8 Neg, 

3.12 < .oo 

2 

Neg, 

4•83 Neg, 

5o0. ·3 

5,13 Neg, 

258 

285 

218.2 

<200 

2€.4.2 

279·8 

250 

82.8 

248 

243 

226 

368 

239 

12 

15 

8.2 

Neg, 

Neg, 

1.1 

.6 

Neg. 

Neg, 

Neg, 

Neg. 

Neg, 

6.21 :!: 0.01 

<10 

.8 

0.02NS 

·57 1.00NS 

·59 

.66 ,25NS 

.6 1.50NS 

·48 ,36NS 

14 2,30NS 

1? 2.54NS 

2.60NS 

,63NS 

,20NS 

1.1 3•04NS 

1.2 1,50NS 

11 •?ONS 

,20NS 

1.66NS 

3·0 

2o5 o04NS 

13 •30NS 

25 •37NS 

.a 3.00NS 
Table 2. Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont.) 

Org./Meth. 

Birm/XRF 

ETH/XRF 

BIO/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

LASL/ INAA-1 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ ICPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

GSC/c 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA•W 

HMI/INAA·B 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

Kje11/INAA 

GSF/OES 

NIM/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA·B 

Bottle 

10 

12 

4.0 

4·4 

1 

1.98 

1o35 

1.99 

7 

·9 

·7 

.81 

.64 

·77 

·95 

·93 

•93 

o98 

1.00 

•91 

.22 

·24 

·98 

1.08 

1.29 

1.0 

1.0 

.88 

8.0 

6.8 

6.8 

13 

10 

5o1 

3•9 

·7 

.8 

.82 

•77 

·83 

·87 

1.oo 

·97 

o87 

1.09 

·90 

o25 

1.02 

1.08 

1.08 

1.2 

.8 

·91 

.31.0 30.1 

Standard Deviation 

Number ~~ 

Mean 2 df ....l..!!!, 

Pb (cont.) 

Rb 

0 

.8 

·7 

·55 

·57 

.69 

.21 

1.1 

·7 

•75 

Sc 

OoZ? 

10 

10 ·3 

4.4 Neg. 

4•9 Neg. 

3·44 Neg. 

8.8 Neg. 

4.0 .2 

5·23 Neg. 

1.2 ,()() 

1.94 .11 

.8 Neg, 

•942 Neg. 

o85 

Neg. 

Neg. 

.6 

·55 

.2 

o40 

o4 

·35 

.1 

:0?0 

.11 

1.0 

.81 

F 

ratio 

1o48NS 

1ol7NS 

,21NS 

.27NS 

,2QNS 

o81NS 

o38NS 

1.00NS 

.17NS 

.06NS 

o02NS 

•37NS 

,12NS 

3o80NS 

2.61NS 

< oOONS 

o.31NS 

Bottle Number 

Org./Meth. __ 1_ _ __ 2_ __,L ~ 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/ INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL-INAA 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

NIM/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASI/INAA 

Che1s/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Kje11/IDMS 

/INAA 

GSF/OES 

GSC/N 

lfiM/AAS 

BJJJ/AAS 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWrz/XRF 

32.0 

32·3 

31 

31 

31 

.32.1 

30.6 

32·5 

31·7 

30.1 

30.2 

30.8 

31·3 

41 

44 

21.11 

18.59 

12.47 

29 

26.8 

160 

165 

180 

128 

145 

152 

15.3 

145 

14.3 

124 

117 

118 

144o4 

145o2 

1.38 

138 

Sc (cont.) 

32o2 

31o8 

31 

34 

34 

31.0 

3lo8 

30.0 

30•3 29·9 

29.6 31·.3 

31.1 

31•9 

31·4 

45 42 

42 43 

19·93 

11.02 

17.01 

28 29 

28,6 28o4 

1.30 

185 

l90 

110 

108 

154 

154 

157 

145 

117 

119 

117 

143·7 

142o9 

138 

140 

Sm 

1o7 

1.6 

1.20 

1o25 

1o29 

1o57 

Sr 

150 

195 

195 

91 

94 

15.3 

154 

1.39 

148 

141.1 

143·.3 

1.35 

137 

.32 

31•33 

31.1 

43 

1o53 

1.266 

1o55 

1o34 

1oJ4 

2.61 

11.3 

153 

146 

143o4 

Standard Deviation 

~.!!!:2!.... 

~ ~ ratio 

0.20 0.22 2o72NS 

1.2 1.2 4o00NS 

.13 ·95 l.06NS 

Neg. •91 

.41 .48 

Neg. 1.8 .21NS 

Neg, 4,5 .15NS 

·09 .o6 

Neg. •.35NS 

0 ·045 

Neg, .037 ,2QNS 

Neg, ,()42 .63NS 

Neg, .14 

.()4 1.40NS 

Neg. o48NS 

Neg. .06 •77NS 

Neg. o15 ollNS 

22 

.6 .6 3o50NS 

Neg. 6.2 ·92NS 

Neg. 2.8 

1.1 1.0 .3•34NS 

1.2 3o50NS 

Tables 1-6 35 
Table 2, Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont,) 

Standard Deviation 

Org,/Meth, 

wsu/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Tobok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/AAS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

ETH/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

LASVINAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Kjell/INAA 

HMI/INAA-W 

HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGStVINAA 

Chels/INAA 

Kjell/INAA 

UWrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

Bottle 

152 

145 

147 

148 

152 

145ol 

142.8 

144o9 

142.80 

143·33 

142.15 

145 

147 

142 

141 

155 

152 

360 

360 

128,6 

151·9 

158·9 

146 

148 

100 

597 

·04 

·07 

o13 

·09 

.to 

.09 

.to 

o41 

·38 

•37 

.28 

·32 

.28 

·50 

·47 

o42 

·45 

·47 

.4? 

·45 

·39 

•36 

150 

146 

150 

150 

149 

143o2 

144.1 

143·5 

143·17 

143·70 

142.88 

148 

153 

142 

139 

152 

152 

400 

320 

151.6 

118.9 

148o8 

145 

146 

110 

.os 

·36 

·38 

o4l 

·31 

.29 

·31 

o46 

•37 

o42 

o4l 

o47 

·50 

·38 

o3S 

·39 

o36 Jt,O 

·37 ·37 

1o9 < 1 

4.1 < 1 

4o0 3o2 

.26 

ol7 

o05 

< •7 

·4 

o18 

,16 

·09 

·3 

·5 

Number 

Mean 2 df 

Sr (cont.) 

148 147o8 Neg, 

146 

145 

148 

138 

141 

410 

340 

145 

80 

Ta 

,06 

Tb 

o41 

o45 

•39 

•39 

·37 

Th 

·5 

o4 

143•9 

143o00 

153 

143ol 

146 

146 

97 

634 

< o4 

.u 

.09 

<.so 

.os 

Neg, 

Neg, 

.18 

1.7 

Neg, 

< ,() 

Neg. 

Neg. 

.02 

< .oo 

•385 Neg, 

o30 Neg. 

·44 .022 

o44 

.43 

·37 

< 1 

< ·34 

.15 

o4 

Neg, 

.ot 

.01 

Neg, 

36 Three USGS MafiC Rock Reference Samples 

3 df 

2o5 

1.8 

43 

.06 

.004 

.02J 

.018 

o042 

.os 

,01 

.os 

Standard Deviation 

Bott1e Number ...!.2lllL .k!.2L.. 

1 ____ 2___ ____3 __ Mean ~ ~ ratio 

ratio 

Th (cont.) 

O,lONS 

.18NS 

•73NS 

lo33NS 

1.92NS 

.63NS 

1.00NS 

,Of!NS 

.2JNS 

Open/INAA 

Ulnd/lCPS 

Kjell/INAA 

0.31 

.28 

.27 

1 

.os 

GSF/OES 3500 

3550 

Toron/INAA 2930 

2770 

2450 

USGSR/OES 2400 

2400 

HMI/SSMS 1455•3 

USGSR/AAS 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/lNAA 

Che1s/INAA 

2249·9 

1508.4 

·36 

.40 

·38 

·33 

.27 

.26 

o29 

0.23 

.25 

•30 

< 1 

.u 

1 

o07 

Ti 

3200 3400 

3400 3150 

3040 2890 

3050 3100 

2810 2550 

2200 2200 

2200 2400 

2B41o3 

1625·5 

1734·8 

Tl 

·35 

·34 

·34 

·37 

.25 

.28 

·33 

Tm 

.28 

o30 

.30 •32 

1,28NS 

l,OONS 

.OJNS 

o45NS 

1,54NS 

o32NS 

lo05NS 

Toron/INAA 

LASL/DNAA 

USGSR/INAA 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

GSF/OES 

GSC/N 

BIO/AAS 

NIM/ICPS 

•Parma/AAS 

2.3 

2o3 

1.0 

.10 

.11 

.11 

1 

.04 

150 

140 

140 

140 

138 

144 

179 

164 

170 

185 

3 ,OONS *Parma/ AAS 

135 

163 

167 

,06NS 

173 

WHOI/XRF 145•4 

143·4 

Nott/XRF 132,19 

133.40 

133.06 

Toron/INAA 164 

158 

160 

LASL/INAA-1 139 

161 

147 

·7 

.4 

2.0 

.13 

·07 

o07 

0 

140 

130 

165 

150 

136 

145 

178 

16o 

185 

190 

180 

159 

164 

164 

.OJ 

u 

0 

.05 

v 

150 

150 

130 

145 

146 

146 

160 

170 

142,2 143ol 

142.4 144·9 

128.73 

132.51 

128.20 

156 165 

140 144 

158 

143 

133 

126 

154 

0.28 Neg. 0.02) 

101 132 

2849 Neg, 236 

82 32 

Neg, 563 

< .10 

·362 .024 .015 

o30 Neg, ,06 

o30 

< ·5 

< 1 

.04 

143·3 

145 

142 

182.5 

165 

143·6 

131·35 

14lo5 

.01 .02 

Neg, .so 

Neg. .025 

Neg, 4•4 

Neg, 11 

Neg, 7,1 

2.93 4.1 

.s 1.1 

Neg. 8.5 

0,2f!NS 

2o17NS 

•74NS 

•51NS 

,06NS 

o91NS 

.68NS 

o94NS 

o08NS 

2o53NS 

3·43NS 
Table z. Analytical data for USGS-DNC-1 (cont.) 

Bottle Number 

1 __ 2 ___ 3_ 

Uinci/ICPS 149 

147 

Exxon/DCPAS 149.1 

l5So5 

150.1 

CRPG/MWPS 184 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

USGSR/Spph 

GSF/OES 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

NDf/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

HMI/ INAA·W 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASI./INAA 

Chels/INAA 

1S2 

200 

190 

75o5S 

145·14 

65.84 

142 

29 

.15 

.Is 

28 

21.3 

21.9 

27 

28 

10 

14 

15·5 

16.6 

14o9 

1S.94 

19·90 

20.94 

18 

lS 

lS 

IS 

24 

25 

31.6 

34oS 

34·7 

19 

V (cont.) 

149 

143 

140·4 

140·3 

141·5 

184 

1S2 

145 

149 

200 220 

2JO 160 

119.12 

76·99 

95·05 

137 140 

w 

.26 .11 

.22 .22 

y 

28 2J 

2J 27 

22.2 21.6 

20.7 20o3 

22 25 

24 25 

15 14 

15 16 

16.0 

16.5 

16.0 

19·74 

20.56 

19o46 

19 

lS 

lS 

17 

26 

24 

24oS 

21.0 

20.3 

lS 

20 

lS 

17 

18 

26 

26 

Yb 

2.7 

2.S 

2.4 

2.1 

2.1 

Standard Deviation 

Bottle Error F 

Mean ~ .1....!!!.. ratio 

Neg. 3•1 0.21NS 

146.6 Sol 3•7 

l8J 0 1.4 

200 Neg, 28 o46NS 

Neg. 34 < .OONS 

140 

.026 ·01.9 

26.3 ·3 2.6 1.02NS 

2lo3 Neg. .s .27NS 

2.2 ·9 12.20 

1.2 l,S 1o80NS 

Neg. .64 •91NS 

19o92 Neg, .st < .OONS 

Neg. .60NS 

Neg. .6 o50NS 

1.40NS 

S.2 2.1 

lS 

2o7S Neg, •14 •36NS 

2.12 Neg. .17 •73NS 

1.89 Neg. ,052 o50NS 

lo73 Neg. .091 < ,OONS 

2.09 Neg. .17 .62NS 

lo976 .022 .062 1.41NS 

1.95 Neg, •35 .02NS 

Neg, ,llNS 

Bottle Number 

__ 1 ___ 2_ --L- ~ 

Genev/INAA 

Kjell/IIItS 

/INAA 

BIO/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

WUrz/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Curie/XRF 

USGSR/INAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

l.Sl 

66 

66 

73 

71 

58-8 

59·5 

65 

65 

61 

69 

67 

6o.s 

60.6 

61.2 

67-43 

64o9S 

65o7l 

56o5S 

5S·96 

57o6l 

79 

67 

69 

6s 

Exxon/DCPAS 67.2 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSHS 

GCL/AAS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

Kjell/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

USGSR/OES 

HMI/SSMS 

70.0 

66.3 

72 

67 

36.1S 

4So7S 

28.44 

72·5 

72·5 

67.2 

67 

62 

53·5 

53.1 

46 

47 

29 

33 

37·9 

39·0 

38.0 

39·90 

42.S5 

41.41 

46 

44 

36 

3S 

39·0 

47o2 

52.4 

3S 

1.84 

67 

6? 

71 

71 

59·7 

59·4 

57 

59 

69 

67 

60 

62.5 

61.2 

61.1 

66.97 

64.8J 

65•99 

55·67 

58·77 

57·03 

6S 

69 

68 

73 

70·7 

l0Jo3 

74.6 

83 

Sl 

55·98 

27·36 

33ol2 

70.0 

72·5 

66.s 

63 

61 

54o2 

54ol 

50 

52 

35 

30 

39·0 

38·5 

3S.6 

41·77 

43·09 

42·35 

45 

43 

37 

36 

28.6 

37·7 

34o0 

37 

Yb 

2.09 

1.41 

l.ss 

76 

77 

Zn 

Zr 

53o0 

53·3 

53 

54 

34 

31 

44 

43 

39 

37 

lo5 

1.so 

66 

61.2 

57-44 

3S·31 

53·5 

32.0 

37•2 

37 

Standard Deviation 

..!2ill!.. .!.£!:.2!.. 2df ~ ratio 

0.2] 0.30 2.21NS 

7o00NS 

.6oNS 

Neg. ·3 .~~NS 

12.50 

Neg. .01NS 

·39 ·59 

Neg. 1.17 ,01NS 

Neg. 1.3S o24NS 

Neg. •43NS 

Neg. 2.1 

12.6 2.13NS 

Neg. .OlNS 

Neg. o50NS 

·5 .2 

25o20 

Neg, .lSNS 

.os 

.28 

Neg. 1.2 ·7SNS 

Neg. 1.2 •7SNS 

5oS 

Tables 1-6 37 
Table 3, Analytical data for USGS-BIR-1 

LSiOz through Fez03T in percent; trace elements in parts per million, 

Or g./Me tho, organization and method. Details of methods, where available, are given under the organization name at the end of table , 

A set of data by an organization whose abbreviation is preceded by an 

Org,/Meth. 

asterisk contains data or estimates explained under the organization WHOI/XRF 

Org./Meth. 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNH/Chem 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A 

GSC/D* 

BIO/AAS 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/Chem 

WHOI/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

USGSR/XRF 

*NERF/INAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

name, F ratios noted only by an asterisk could not be calculated because of a zero mean square for bottles or error, NS, not significant UWrz/XRF 

at the 9')'/o fractile, F

0 ,

05(2,3) = 9•55• Allowable F ratios for other 

degrees of freedom (df) and probabilities (p) are given at the end of wsu/XRF 

table for calculated F ratios not followed by NS. Neg,, negative 

bottle variance, Fez03T, total Fe as Fez03 .J USGSR/XRF 

Bot;tle 

47·83 

47·79 

48·03 

48.02 

47·4 

47o2 

48oll 

47.88 

48.1 

48.0 

48.01 

48·33 

48.16 

48.16 

48.0 

48.1 

47·50 

47·89 

48.44 

49·36 

48.66 

48.56 

48.20 

22.29 

21.54 

47·4 

47·6 

Number 

SiOz 

47·90 

47·89 

48.00 

47·91 

48·5 

48.8 

48·24 

47·99 

48·2 

48.2 

48.52 

48.49 

47·73 

47·73 

48.1 

48.1 

Mean 

48.08 

48.08 

48.02 

47·46 

48.28 48.10 

48.06 

48·59 48.75 

48·75 

48.71 48.52 

48.74 

22.02 22.2J 

22.66 

47·5 47·57 

41·6 

Standard Deviation 

Ratio 

Neg. 0.06 0.78NS 

·74 .15 

Neg. .24 ,21NS 

.os .09 2,60NS 

.04 .26 l.06Ns 

Neg, ·53 •3JNS 

Neg. .17 

Neg. .26 .41NS 

.08 

.13 .18 

Neg, .26NS 

Neg, .22 ,2JNS 

•Toron/INAA 

*NERF/INAA 

*LASL/INAA-1 

Ulnd/ICPS 

CRPG/MWPS 

ETH(AAS 

/XRF 

*Kjell/ AAS 

/rePs 

/XRF 

GSF/Chem, 

csc/c 

GSC/F• 

USGSR/Chem 

ETH/MS 

2.08 

2.08 

2.2 

2.2 

1.91 

2.15 

2.2 

2.2 

2.0) 

1.88 

Exxon/DCPAS 47,61 

47·91 

47·77 

48.08 

47.80 

48.6 

48·5 

48.38 

47·90 

48.1 

47·9 

47·91 

48.46 

47·30 

48·59 

47·7 

48.1 

47.43 

48.09 

47·83 

48.67 

48.47 

48·33 

48·59 

21.64 

2).22 

47·4 

47·9 

47·89 

48.15 

47·93 

47·57 

47·59 

46.9 

47.61 

21.8 

Neg. ,lONS 

CRPG/MWPS 

ETH/MS 

/XRF 

*Kjell/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A* 

GSC/E 

BIO/AAS 

USGSR/Chem 

Parma/Ms 

48.18 

48.00 

47·90 

47·93 

46.8 

47·55 

21.8 

46.85 

47o88 47,68 

21.8 21.8 

15·72 15·72 

15·72 

15·95 16.02 

16.06 

15o4 15,47 

15.6 

15o7l 15,66 

l5o80 

15.1 

15.2 

15·95 

15·95 

.02 345 

,10 8o17NS 

·07 .06 3•94NS 

Neg. .1 o50NS 

Neg, .15 o50NS 

.06 18.81 

Neg. .15 .21NS 

.093 

GSF/Chem 3,30 

8o30 

*BMNH/Chem 8.06 

8.27 

GSC/B 8.2 

8.3 

GSC/F* 8.39 

8.30 

USGSR/Chem 8.4 

8.4 

Liege/Vel 7 •99 

7·76 

7·79 

ETH/AAS, Col, 8.71 

s.68 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNH/Chem 

*BMNH(XRF 

esc/A 

GSC/G 

38 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

2.08 

2.08 

2.0 

2.0 

2.18 

2.01 

2.1 

a.2 

1.96 

1.92 

Number 

J 

2.00 

FeO 

MgO 

Standard Deviation 

Mean 2 df 3 df ratio 

15.66 Neg. 0.17 

14 •97 Neg. .24 •74NS 

15 •99 .os • 13 1.88NS 

14.60 Neg, .14 o93NS 

2.08 

2.05 

2.08 

2.00 

lo93 

8.30 

8o35 

8.32 

8·37 

9•77 

9·77 

Neg, 

Neg. 

Neg, 

Neg. 

Neg. 

.13 

.18 

.16 

Neg, 

.10 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg, 

.010 

.12 

.to 

9·57 Neg. 

.081 2.08NS 

.15 ,71NS 

·38 

.18 ,21NS 

.20 .02NS 

.os o87NS 

.04 21.00 

·37 

.04 31.00 

,006 o50NS 

•CJ7 5•33NS 

.10 .30NS 

.06 .50NS 

.10 < .OONS 

,022 1o43NS 

•27 lo39NS 

.02 75 

,10 .82NS 
Table 3. Analytical data for USGS-BIR-1 (cont.) 

Org,/Meth. 

BIO/AAS 

uscsR/Chem 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

uscsR/x~ 

*Toron/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

*CRPG/MWPS 

*USGSR/AAS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

*Kjel1/ AAS 

/ICPS 

/XRF 

GSF/Chem 

*BMNH/Chem 

*BMNH/XRF 

GSC/A 

GSC/G* 

BIO/AAS 

USGSR/Chem 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

uscsR/XRP' 

*Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

*LASL/ INAA-1 

Bottle 

1).29 

13.30 

1).50 

1).41 

1).14 

1).10 

13.47 

1).42 

1).6 

13·9 

1).00 

12.94 

1).47 

1).26 

1).1 

13·3 

1).25 

13·23 

1).00 

1).05 

11.83 

12.17 

13.64 

13·57 

9·09 

10.1 

9·46 

9·49 

9·45 

9·15 

6.35 

6.70 

6.41 

9·8 

9·2 

9·9 

13•33 

1).29 

1Jo46 

13·34 

1Jo46 

13·59 

13-31 

1).41 

1).8 

13·7 

12.85 

13·03 

13·56 

13.47 

1).2 

1Jo2 

1).22 

1).27 

13.15 

1).25 

12.09 

12.)1 

13.6o 

13.64 

9-62 

9·87 

9·64 

9·70 

9·72 

9·31 

6.6) 

6.65 

6.68 

9·0 

10.6 

9·6 

Number 

Mean 

MgO (cont.) 

GaO 

13.29 

1).29 

1).40 

13·38 

1).40 

1).45 

1).48 

1).40 

1).6 

1).8 

12.85 

12.97 

1).29 

lJo04 

12.8 

12.8 

13·23 

13·34 

1).15 

1).15 

12.17 

12.17 

13·59 

1).~ 

9·43 

9o00 

8·97 

10.03 

8.44 

9·38 

9·73 

9·33 

9·42 

9·48 

6.20 

6.9 

5·9 

13 ·30 

1).42 

1).42 

12.94 

13·35 

13·07 

1).26 

13.12 

12.12 

13.6o 

9·68 

Standard Deviation 

~ Error 

2df ~ 

0.06 0.11 

.07 

.02 .06 

Neg, .09 

.o6 .o8 

.oo6 .o6 

.096 .246 

Neg, .25 

Neg. .093 

Neg. .03 

Neg. .11 

Neg. .14 

Neg. ,016 

.21 .o6 

.OJ .06 

Neg. .15 

Neg. .09 

.15 

.22 .08 

Neg. .05 

.08 .04 

Neg. .16 

.oos .04 

.22 ·34 

.09 .21 

.089 .1) 

Neg. 

Bottle Number 

Org./Meth, Mean 

ratio 

GaO (cont.) 

Tohok/IPAA 1).21 1).18 1).21 1).16 

1.61NS 1).17 1).18 1).01 

Ulnd/ICPS 1).1 1Jo4 13.1 13.22 

13·3 13·3 1).1 

Exxon/DCPAS 12.61 12.60 . 12.6o 

1.18NS 12.56 12.59 

12.61 12.60 

.60NS CRPG/MWPS 12.98 12.89 12.90 

12.76 12.96 

2.)2NS ETH/AAS 13.45 13,40 13.42 

/XRF 13,47 13.39 13.46 13.44 

1.02NS *T<jell/AAS 9·85 9·85 9•82 9•B4 

/rePs 8.84 9.10 8.89 8·94 

Standard Deyiatign 

~ Error 

2 df .....l...!!!.. 

Neg. o.o8 

.11 .093 

Neg. .02 

Neg. .12 

ratio 

3o80NS 

,04NS 

1.46NS ____ /_x_~----~9-·~55~---9~·~55~--~9~·5_1 __ ~9-·~~----------------------

•95NS GSF/Chem 

.lONS GSC/A 

.02NS GSC/G* 

BIO/AAS 

.OJNS 

USGSR/Chem 

.06NS 

Parma/F1ph 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

o76NS 

USGSR/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

lo44NS *HMI/INAA-W 

.07NS 

*HMI/INAA-B 

.21NS 

3 .22NS *NERF/INAA 

16.00 ~LASL/INAA-1 

LASL/INAA 

7o80NS 

o85NS Tohok/IPAA 

l.OSNS Ulnd/ICPS 

2.)0NS Exxon/DCPAS 

1.55NS CRPG/MWPS 

*USGSM/F1Ph-1 

2.)4NS 

*USGSM/F1Ph-2 

.04NS USGSD/ AAS 

1.78 

1.78 

1.4 

1.5 

1.80 

2.06 

1-79 

1·75 

1.9 

1.9 

1-79 

1.81 

1-79 

1-57 

1.57 

1.9 

1.9 

2-99 

3.00 

1.70 

1.71 

1.21 

1.20 

1.19 

1-37 

1.35 

1.J4 

1oJ7 

1oJJ 

1.)4 

1.11 

1.16 

1.07 

1.23 

1.20 

1.84 

1.85 

1.84 

1•93 

1.90 

1.76 

1.81 

1.71 

1.72 

1.69 

1.88 

1.88 

1.84 

1.84 

1.8) 

1.90 

1o79 

1.77 

1.78 1-78 

1.78 

1.5 1.42 

1.4 

1.84 1.88 

1.83 

1.78 1.77 

1.72 

1.9 1.87 

1.8 

1.69 

1.55 

1.9 

1.8 

2.86 

2.86 

1.71 

1.70 

1.15 

1.15 

1.19 

1.11 

1.1) 

1.85 

1.84 

1.85 

1.84 

1.87 

1o77 

1.81 

1.9 

1-33 

1-33 

1.1J 

1.17 

1.92 

1.81 

1.88 

1.853 

1.80 

1oJJNS 

Neg. .11 .J6NS 

Neg. .04 •J7NS 

Neg. .06 .50NS 

.020 .009 16.20 

Neg. .06 .56NS 

.OJ .06 

Neg. .02 .50NS 

.020 .018 

.03 .013 16.90 

.020 .022 

Neg. .023 .21NS 

Neg. .07 .01NS 

Neg. .03 .24NS 

Neg. .02 o52NS 

Neg. .064 o44NS 

.015 

< o.o .005 1.00NS 

Neg. .017 

Neg. .OJO •24NS 

Neg. .046 < ,OONS 

Tables 1-6 39 
Table 3. Analytical data for USGS-BIR-1 (cont.) 

Ors./Meth. 

*USeSR/AAS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

esF/Chem 

BMNH/AAS 

esc/A 

esc/G* 

BIO/AAS 

usesR/Chem 

Parma/FlFh 

WHOI/XRF 

UWIIrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USeSR/XRF 

Ulnd/lCPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

UseSH/FlPh-1 

USGSH/FlPh-2 

*USeSR/AAS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

*Kjell/ICRF 

•BMNH/XRF-3 

esF/Chem 

•BHNH/Chem 

esc/z 

esC/Y* 

UsesR/Chem 

Liege/erav 

*BMNH/erav 

esc/b 

usesR/erav 

Liege/erav 

Standard Deyiation 

Bottle Number ..!2ll.!!. Error Org./Metho 

.OJ 

.OJ 

.01 

.01 

.OJ 

• 02 

• OJ2 

.032 

·OJ3 

.006 

.010 

.05 

.05 

·OJ 

.04 

·07 

.07 

o05 

.05 

.OJ 

.04 

.OJ 

.04 

.OJ 

• 022 

.020 

.021 

.085 

• 017 

.017 

.OJ 

.06 

·07 

.10 

.10 

.10 

o32 

.02 

o05 

.25 

.25 

.08 

.13 

.o 

.10 

.05 

.10 

.08 

.oo 

.00 

o09 

.21 

·14 

lo39 

1-33 

1.9 

1.62 

.026 

• 029 

.06 

.o& 

.10 

ol5 

.10 

.12 

.02 

·04 

·33 

·33 

o07 

.06 

.04 

.06 

.08 

.10 

.08 

.02 

.02 

o07 

.28 

.06 

Mean 2 df ..l..!!!. ratio 

Na2 o (cont.) 

esF/Chem 

1.37 1.36 Neg. 0.028 Oo43NS 

1.34 *BMNH/Color 

1.9 

1.60 1.56 •BHNH/XRF 

KaO 

.OJ .03 

•OJ esC/A* 

.018 .017 

< 0.0 esc/H 

.OJ •OJ7 Neg. .017 •39NS 

.06 BIO/AAS 

.01 .01 < .00 < .00 l.OONS 

.01 USGSR/Chem 

o02 .027 Neg. .006 o50NS 

.008 

.006 

.04 

.04 

.02 

.02 

·07 

·07 

.01 

.02 

•034 .002 .002 4.32NS . 

.008 Neg. .002 .67NS 

·043 .006 0 

Parma/Color 

WHOI/XRF 

uwuu/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USeSR/XRF 

*LASL/INAA-1 

.OJ2 < .000 •004 l.OONS Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

•OJ .005 •007 2.00NS 

.019 

.024 

.017 

.019 

.021 Neg • 

.017 .0175 Neg • 

.018 

<·OJ 

.01 

< .04 

.018 .027 Neg • 

.OJ2 

.06 

·07 

.10 

·09 

·04 

o14 

o07 

.o6 

·30 

·30 

.08 

.09 

.06 

.06 

.02 

.02 

.063 

.107 

.04 

·078 

.on 

.08 

.142 

Neg. 

Neg. 

.02 

.04 

.028 

.02 

.012 

Neg. 

Exxon/DCPAS 

.0025 .OJNS 

.026 l.06NS CRPG/MWPS 

.001 .60NS ETH/AAS 

.006 .13NS 

.006 o50NS 

.10 .IONS 

.02 3o07NS 

.022 6.04NS 

.01 4o50NS 

.10 .02NS 

/XRF 

*Kjell/ICPS 

/OES 

/XRF 

eSF/Chem 

*BMNH/Chem 

11-BMNH/XRF-3 

esc/A 

esc/J• 

USeSR/Chem 

Parma/Color 

WHOI/XRF 

UWIIrz/XRF 

wsu/xaF 

USGSR/XRF 

40 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

Bottle 

Oo96 

·96 

·98 

·99 

·90 

·90 

·918 

·915 

·96 

·98 

·97 

·94 

·93 

·97 

·93 

·95 

·980 

·963 

1.014 

·960 

·968 

·96 

·94 

·94 

·94 

·94 

·93 

·70 

·57 

·53 

1.02 

1.02 

·95 

·96 

·99 

·98 

o98 

1.01 

1.01 

·9 

•97 

·58 

·35 

·56 

.02 

.02 

.04 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.044 

o043 

.02 

.02 

.04 

.05 

.021 

.023 

.022 

.101 

.095 

.06 

.OJ 

.OJ 

.03 

.02 

.05 

0.96 

·96 

·99 

·91 

·92 

·93 

·926 

·917 

·96 

·96 

·96 

·96 

·90 

·97 

•95 

•96 

·980 

·988 

·972 

·966 

·964 

·96 

·98 

·94 

·95 

·94 

·95 

·56 

·56 

·54 

1.00 

1.02 

·96 

·96 

·97 

·98 

·98 

1.00 

1.02 

1.0 

·96 

·58 

.40 

·56 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.06 

.02 

.02 

• 040 

·047 

.02 

.02 

.05 

.04 

.028 

.02) 

.022 

·097 

.096 

·07 

.05 

.03 

.OJ 

.04 

.04 

Standard Deviation 

Number ...!.2ll!!. .!ll2!.. 

___1_ Mean 2 df ~ ratio 

TiOa 

0.96 

·96 

·91 

·98 

·92 

·94 

·924 

·927 

·96 

·96 

o89 

o87 

·90 

·97 

•95 

·95 

1.02 

1.01 

·94 

·94 

•97 

·58 

o42 

o56 

.02 

.02 

.06 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.921 .OOJ 

·96 < .oo 

•94 Neg. 

·948 .004 

•983 Neg • 

•964 Neg. 

·943 Neg. 

·94 Neg. 

·577 Neg. 

1.015 Neg. 

·952 .010 

·95 

•97 

o58 

·39 

·56 

.02 

.037 

.02 

< .o 

.046 .044 Neg • 

.044 

.02 

.02 

• 04 

.04 

< .oo 

.02 

·043 Neg • 

.097 Neg. 

.055 Neg. 

.04 Neg. 

•009 6.20NS 

.004 2.46NS 

.01 l.OONS 

.02 13.00 

.04 .08NS 

•009 1.40NS 

.019 o13NS 

.OOJ o04NS 

.012 1.50NS 

.006 .01NS 

.02 .l7NS 

.06 .SINS 

.009 .60NS 

.004 13.00 

.006 2.00NS 

.01 < .CONS 

.006 o50NS 

.002 lo44NS 

.OOJ .17NS 

.017 •53NS 

.01 .llNS 
Table 3. Analytical data for USGS-BIR-1 (cont.) 

Org,/Meth. 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

GSF/Color 

BMNH/Color 

*BMNH/XRF-1 

GSC/A* 

GSC/G* 

GSC/N 

USGSR/Chem 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/XRF 

USGSR/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

CRPG/MWPS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

*Kjell/AAS 

/I cps 

*BMNH/Chem 

GSC/a 

GSC/Y* 

USGSR/Chem 

GSC/L 

GSC/K 

Ulnd/Grav 

CRPG/Grav 11 

Bottle 

0.21 

.15 

,()JJ 

,028 

.024 

,I 

.04 

.17 

.17 

.176 

.17 

.17 

.170 

.170 

.17 

,19 

.17 

.IS 

.22 

,22 

.21 

.19 

.172 

.171 

.16 

,16 

.16 

.16 

.17 

.17 

.170 

.187 

.16 

.16 

.IS 

.IS 

.18 

.16 

.14 

.I6S 

.17 

.1250 

.1453 

.oo 

.oo 

.o 

.1 

.OJ 

,02 

,01 

.or 

.04 

.01 

.OJ 

.02 

Number 

0.21 0.15 

.16 .17 

.021 

.028 

.029 

.104 

.04 ·04 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.170 

.171 

.Is 

.17 

.17 

.Is 

.22 

·24 

.20 

.19 

.175 

.172 

.16 

.16 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.177 

.177 

.16 

.16 

.rs 

.Is 

.rs 

·14 

.16 

.168 

,17 

.1250 

·1490 

·07 

.05 

.o 

,I 

.04 

.OJ 

.01 

.or 

·07 

.01 

.OJ 

.02 

-·47 

-·51 

MnO 

.17 

.17 

.174 

.17 

.17 

• 169 

.171 

.Is 

.rs 

.17 

.17 

.21 

.22 

.20 

.19 

.173 

.171 

.16 

.16 

.16 

.16 

.17 

.17 

.177 

.166 

.15 

.16 

.17 

.1240 

·1485 

C02 

.04 

·OJ 

.o 

.o 

·OJ 

.OJ 

.01 

.or 

C1 

,01 

.or 

.02 

.02 

L.O.I. 

11 Gain on ignition, 

Mean 

0.175 

.027 

,102 

.04 

.175 

,17 

.178 

.173 

.222 

,197 

.16 

,17 

.15S 

.1S 

.15 

.16S 

,17 

.1246 

·1476 

.01 

.02 

.02 

Standard Deviation 

..!ill..!!.~ 

2 df --l..!!!. ratio 

Org,/Metho 

Neg, 

Neg. 

Neg, 

Neg. 

Neg, 

.004 

Neg, 

Neg, 

.006 

Neg, 

< .ooo 

Neg. 

,OOJ 

Neg. 

Neg, 

Neg, 

*BMNH/Chem 

O,OJ3 O.J2NS 

*BMNH/XRF-1 

.004 o42NS 

GSC/A 

BIO/AAS 

Parma/Color 

,0009 ,20NS WHOI/XRF 

,009 ,2QNS UWUrz/XRF 

,006 , 50NS WSU/XRF 

,009 1.40NS USGSR/XRF 

.01 .l7NS *Toron/INAA 

.002 •92NS 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

*NERF/INAA 

.oos o40NS 

*LASL/INAA-1 

.004 l.OONS 

Open/INAA 

.01 *USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

,06 •50NS 

.006 1, 50NS CRPG/MWPS 

,60NS 

.006 ·50NS 

.Q9NS 

*Kjell/AAS 

/ICPS 

/INAA 

/XRF 

USGSR/AAS 

GSC/c 

Toron/INAA 

GCL/Spph 

Kjell/INAA 

Bottle 

11.13 

llo35 

ll.06 

11.04 

11.1S 

11.13 

llo3 

11.4 

ll.2.J 

llo37 

llo32 

llol5 

llo32 

llo46 

llo37 

11,36 

llo39 

11,30 

l1,30 

l0.9S 

ll.22 

11,25 

ll.27 

7oS2 

Sol5 

s.l7 

s.oo 

7·87 

7·S9 

7·76 

7·79 

7·65 

s.21 

s.I6 

7·59 

7oS2 

7•S6 

11.35 

ll.06 

ll.28 

7·S9 

7·65 

11.36 

11.56 

11,30 

11,55 

llo72 

11.3 

llo5 

11.16 

llo52 

11.39 

11.30 

11.27 

7·80 

7·09 

7·14 

7·76 

.6 

1,2 

·3 

Number 

2 ~ Mean 

·OJ3 

.OJ2 

1.2 

1.2 

·3 

11.14 

11o37 

l1,30 

ll.32 

11.10 

11.09 

11.2 

ll.4 

11,39 

11.26 

11.12 

10o95 

11,35 

ll.46 

11o35 

llo40 

llo31 

llo3l 

llo40 

llo25 

8.17 

s.26 

8.19 

7·11 

s.I6 

ll,31 

ll.54 

ll.3 

ll.2 

Ag 

As 

11.28 

11.21 

ll.11 

llo3S 

llo38 

ll.28 

s.06 

s.26 

llol5 

11o35 

llo37 

< .2 

<2 

·9S 

Standard Deviation 

..D.2lll!. Error 

2 df ....l..J!L 

F 

ratio 

•039 ,026 5·45NS 

Neg, ,l .l7NS 

Neg. .OS .O~NS 

·07 ,10 l.S2NS 

.OSl 

Neg • ,30NS 

,020 27·00 

,16 2e77NS 

Neg, ,13 ,21NS 

.104 2,04NS 

.093 .17 

.15 .16 3.66NS 

.osr ,084 2.84NS 

.06 

Neg, ·44 

Neg. ,12NS 

Neg, ,89NS 

.11 4.12NS 

.u 3.SONS 

Neg, .14 .OJNS 

.10 

.002 lol3NS 

Neg, ·3S .5lNS 

Tables 1-6 41 
Table 3. Analytical data for USGS•BlR·l (cont.) 

§tandard pgyiatioo Bottle 

8 etth; ~~ on./Meth. 

_1_ --L ~ ...HWl.. ~ ..l...£L ..t!WGCL/Spph 

GSC/N 

WIIOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Open/INAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

CRPG/MWPS 

11 

16 

17 

16.6 

10.4 

6.6 

31·95 

34·95 

33·17 

22 

20 

USGSR/OES 5 

6 

*ETH/XRF 

*ETWXRF 19 

Kjell/ICPS 13 

/INAA <10 

BIO/AAS 

GCL/AAS 

Toron/INAA 

*BIO/AAS 

.6 

.6 

.6 

.4 

16 

20 

20 

20 

.6 

·7 

.6 

.6 

10 

11 

19 

7 

<10 

Be 

.6 

·7 

·4 

·4 

Br 

96 95 

90 106 

0.52 Neg, 

Neg. 

< 20 

17·7 

11.8 Neg. 

33·75 Neg, 

14 

6.3 Neg. 

20 

s 

19 

9 

<10 

<2 

< .o 

Neg, 

.63 Neg, 

·50 .os 

Ool5 

.6 

4.60 

loJJ 

1.0 

.6 

.06 

.os 

*WAIT/IIIIS 

97 

103 

264 

122 

169 166.S Neg, 76 

112 

*GCL/AAS .so 

·50 

•56 .64, .61 Neg. .15 

lJWrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA·B 

LASL/ INAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

2.2 

3ol 

6.3 

4.2 

5·3 

6.2 

1.0 

1.1 

1.0 

1.0 

1.1 

1.0 

10 

15 

14 

1.6 

2.2 

2.0 

4 

4 

2.2 

2.1 

•70 o46 

15 

13 

11 

lo5 

3•0 

2.2 

4 

4 

1.7 

loS 

Ce 

4 

4 

2.0 

r.s 

<20 

3,6 Neg, 

<4 

5o41 Neg, 

1.2 .12 

1.2 .14 

13.0 

2.08 Neg. 

.2 

;J ETH ( v. Dietrich) reports 6.8 ppm Ba by lii!S. 

* Cd in ppb by 810 and WAIT but in ppm by GCL, 

42 Three USGS MafiC Rock Reference Samples 

lo59 

.40 

·57 

.I 

Kjell/INAA 

0.54,NS 

*HMI/SSMS 

,60NS 

Munich 

13.00 

GSF/OES 

.5lNS GSC/N 

BlO/AAS 

.50NS Parma/AAS 

l.OONS 

WIIOI/XRF 

.50NS 

UWUrz/XRF 

*Liege/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

,50NS 

•Toron/INAA 

3,00NS 

*HMI/INAA•W 

*HMI/INAA•B 

NERF/INAA 

o47NS 

LASUINAA-1 

.24,NS 

Open/INAA 

,02NS USGSR/INAA 

,21NS 

Tohok/IPAA 

lo29NS Ulnd/AAS 

40·7 

34·7 

28.2 

86 

Bl 

74 

4S 

47 

57 

72 

50 

55 

55 

57 

54 

51·4 

50·5 

50 

50 

43 

42 

44 

50.40 

51 

Exxon/DCPAS 49o2 

l.JlNS 51.1 

48·4 

CRPG/MWPS 82 

79 

USGSR/OES 43 

51 

o4lNS *HMI/SSMS 24,.0 

8o17NS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/AAS 

/I CPS 

/INAA 

15·9 

21.6 

Standard Deviation 

Nnr®er 

Mean 

Ce (cont.) 

2.10 

26.s 

27·7 

90 

S5 

80 

49 

49 

62 

6s 

54 

51 

57 

59 

61 

50.0 

51·7 

49 

48 

45 

43 

44 

53·13 

53·51 

2.13 

Cl 

Co 

51 

50 

57 

68 

51 

50 

66.2 6o.6 

56.1 62.6 

56o4 62o9 

57·2 

56.s 

55·6 

56·3 

54·3 

55·1 

53·5 

52·3 

53 

52 

52 

51.2 

52.1 

51.6 

49·9 

49·7 

54·0 

52.6 

51·7 

58 

52 

47 

46 

53o0 

49·9 

49·4 

76 

75 

49 

46 

17·3 

16.8 

49 

75 

70 

49.0 

57 

56 

47 

4S 

49 

51 

2.08 

82o7 .S2 

49 

Neg. 3•1 

52 Neg, 2.4 

43·5 .41 1.0 

51.26 lo34 

Neg. 3•57 

1.28 .s1 

1.0 

53·0 Neg. ·57 

53·2 1.2 

51.37 Neg. .86 

50.6 Neg. 1.9 

52.4 Neg. 1,14 

54•7 Neg. 3.2 

78 

4S.2 

18.5 

50 

75 

70 

49o0 

Neg. lo7 

1.6 

Neg. 

Neg. 

ratio 

1.06NS 

,6oNS 

o46NS 

.OINS 

7,00NS 

3•5SNS 

·55NS 

4o32NS 

,lQNS 

·57NS 

.JlNS 

.SONS 

1,o6NS 

•75NS 

10,00 

.40NS 

.51NS 
Table 3. Analytical data for USGS-BIR-1 (cont.} 

Ora./Meth. 

GSF/OES 

GSC/N 

BIO/AAS 

Parma/AAS 

WHOr/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

*Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMl(lNAA•B 

NERF(INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Tohok/IPAA 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG(MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

*HMI/SSMS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

Kjell/lGPS 

/INAA 

BMNlf/XRF 

GSC/M 

Toron/INAA 

*LASVINAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

*HMI/SSMS 

Kjell(INAA 

Bottle 

560 

lt40 

410 

420 

476 

485 

445 

450 

439 

309·1 

310•3 

420 

425 

345o8 

335·5 

)42.0 

378·37 

384·78 

361.49 

404 

432 

422 

376 

370 

368 

550 

585 

540 

378 

382 

375 

381 

384 

368.0 

361.0 

343 

351 

368 

342 

345 

408.3 

421.4 

397·9 

400 

407 

440 

400 

366.9 

240.1 

308.6 

380 

374 

404 

481 

341 

336 

·5 

.6 

·4 

·7 

•3 

Nupi!er 

Cr 

470 480 

480 490 

380 400 

360 380 

476 486 

473 480 

441 

449 

451 

309•9 319o8 

308.6 308o8 

420 410 

418 

347·9 

338·9 

340.4 

374.26 

375-26 

361.84 

406 

400 

409 

384 

386 

370 

610 

545 

585 

386 

381 

378 

371 

376 

371.0 

370o0 

375 

354 

353 

335 

335 

436.2 

407.2 

403·5 

403 

405 

440 

440 

269·7 

267·3 

375 

373 

408 

453 

338 

338 

.6 

• 1 

·4 

.8 

·4 

< .10 

410 

418 

426 

426 

382 

385 

39Jo0 

390·0 

338 

333 

440 

400 

387 

406 

48'~ 

343 

345 

Cs 

.4 

.o 

< .10 

Mean 

487 

392 

479 

311ol 

341.8 

376 

382 

377·5 

375·5 

357 

338 

412.4 

404 

427 

286 

378 

378 

406 

473 

340.2 

< .8 

2o34 

< .10 

Stapdard Peyiatign 

Neg. 49 

21 12 

Neg. 5·4 

Neg. 4o5 

6.2 2.2 

Neg. 5o02 

Neg. 10.02 

8.1 

6.8 

Neg. 

Neg. 

2.6 

14 3ol 

Neg. 12.6 

Neg. 

Neg. 3·6 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. .26 

Neg. .22 

Neg. ·93 

ratio 

O.l3NS 

1.82NS 

.28NS 

17.20 

.IONS 

3·43NS 

2.41NS 

.86NS 

•98NS 

2.20NS 

40.88 

o42NS 

8.0JNS 

.27NS 

.02NS 

o50NS 

o30NS 

.88NS 

.14NS 

• 06NS 

Org./Meth. 

GSF/OES 

GSC/N 

BIO/AAS 

Parma/AAS 

WHOr/XRF 

UWUrz(XRF 

Nott(XRF 

Curie(XRF 

Ulnd/ICPS 

Exxon/DCPAS 

CRPG/MWPS 

USGSR/OES 

USGSR/AAS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

Kje11/AAS 

/ICPS 

/OES 

·•Toron/INAA 

NERF/INAA 

*Genev/INAA 

Kjell(lllfS 

Kje11/IIMS 

Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA·B 

NERF/INAA 

Bottle 

140 

120 

120 

135 

120 

122 

115 

128 

120 

126.1 

124.0 

125 

125 

121.34 

124o30 

121.92 

115.60 

ll9o52 

116.38 

120 

124 

131.6 

130·7 

127·3 

130 

128 

150 

150 

39·6 

29·5 

44·8 

132 

133 

125 

125 

96 

131 

60 

2 

120 

130 

125 

130 

120 

122 

122 

111 

12) 

122.4 

126.1 

130 

134 

124·57 

119ol0 

120.24 

ll6.24 

ll7.63 

ll6.39 

126 

121 

13lo8 

128o3 

136·5 

121 

122 

150 

150 

32·9 

31.1 

130 

131 

125 

126 

97 

130 

87 

1o7 

Nwpber 

Cu 

110 

140 

120 

125 

120 

122 

128o9 

13lo1 

126 

130 

126 

118 

160 

160 

130 

130 

127 

95 

132 

85 

Dy 

Er 

Eu 

.68 

.65 

·73 

.60 

·57 

·55 

·49 

.64 

Mean 

121 

126.4 

128 

122o5 

131.0 

125 

153 

33·3 

131o0 

125 

126 

96 

131 

77 

2.32 

3·45 

·57 

SJ;Mdard Dcyiat,igp 

F 

2 df ~ ratio 

Neg. 15 

Neg. 6.8 .36NS 

0 

Neg. 6.6 

2.6 2.1 4o17NS 

3o1 2.3 

Neg. 2o32 o41NS 

Neg. 1.6 .IONS 

Neg. 4.2 .OSNS 

Neg. 3•3 •74NS 

1.1 45.00 

0 

Neg. 

1.2 .6 10.50 

Neg. o43 o27NS 

Neg. 1.58 .40NS 

Neg. l.OJ ·34NS 

.01 .06 lolONS 

Neg. .068 ol5NS 

Neg • •039 o24NS 

.027 

Neg • -074 

Tables 1-6 43 
Table 3. Analytical data for USGS-BIR-1 (cont.) 

Bgttls Nwpber 

Standard Deviation 

Bottle ...!ll2£. 

Org./Meth. Mean 2 df ~ ratio 

LASL/ lNAA·l 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

*HMI/SSMS 

Kjell/IIMS 

/INAA 

*HMI/SSMS 

Munich 

GSF/OES 

UWrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Curie/XRF 

USGSR/OES 

*HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Kjell/IIMS 

*HMI/INAA-W 

*HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/INAA•l 

0.48 

• 62 

·51 

·54 

·55 

·55 

·52 

·49 

·72 

·76 

·97 

.s6 

.so 

40-5 

36.s 

55·7 

55 

65 

60 

2.6 

2.) 

2.1 

lo5 

2.2 

.61 

.63 

·56 

.60 

·56 

.48 

.6o 

·50 

·78 

·92 

·72 

Eu (cont.) 

.6 

·50 

32.6 

37·3 

53 

58 

62 

19 

14 

13 

14 

15·7 

15·9 

14·8 

14.46 

15.86 

16.20 

15·57 

16.26 

13-27 

19 

20 

6.6 

6.3 

2.2 

2.0 

1.89 

20 

15 

12 

14 

20 

22 

Ga 

Gd 

1.3 < 3·0 

1.6 1.4 

·58 

·90 

.86 

·74 

Hf 

·57 

Neg • 

·545 Neg. 

.502 Neg. 

•83 Neg, 

·85 .05 

.22 

58.8 Neg. 

16 Neg. 

13·5 Neg. 

.61 

.JO 

Neg, 

.s 

Neg 

2.18 .18 

1.6 

·595 Neg. 

·543 Neg. 

.82 Neg. 

44 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

0.24NS 

.012 .12NS 

.014 .36NS 

.12 .OSNS 

·03 5•55NS 

• 05 35-12 

3•0 

.36NS 

•34NS 

.60NS 

7•lJNS 

·77 1.45NS 

.21NS 

2.60NS 

o48NS 

.21 3•14NS 

.12NS 

.02NS 

.12NS 

Orp /Met,h, 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Kjell/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

UWIJrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

*HMI/INAA•W 

*HMI/INAA•B 

*NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Exxon/DCPAS 

Kjell/INAA 

GSG/M 

BIO/AAS 

Parma/AAS 

UWUrz/XRF 

USGSD/AAS 

USGSR/AAS 

Toron/INAA 

* HMI/INAA·B 

Open/INAA 

Bottle 

0.58 

.84 

·53 

4 

.s 

.6 

.6 

4 

2.3 

1.9 

·7 

4-56 

4·2.3 

3o12 

·57 

·45 

·55 

.64 

.60 

.62 

.s 

1.5 

.s 

1 

.6o 

.so 

4 

4 

3·9 

4.0 

3·4 

3·3 

3·2 

6 

7 

3 

.25 

.27 

.17 

.27 

·34 

.28 

.26 

·33 

.28 

.26 

·36 

.26 

4 

1.3 

1.8 

2.1 

2.58 

3·36 

2.52 

·54 

·58 

.42 

• 61 

.65 

·55 

·72 

.64 

1.4 

.6 

·9 

4 

4 

3·8 

3•9 

3·3 

3·4 

3·5 

6 

·27 

.18 

.15 

·34 

.29 

.29 

o31 

.29 

.28 

·27 

.21 

.26 

Standard Deviation 

NU!Dber ~ Error 

.Jidn.. ..z...2L -l..!!L ....1!1!£_ 

Hf (cont.) 

.6 

< .s 

·5 

Ho 

1.85 

1.98 

1.88 

.82 

·79 

• 68 

·52 

.61 

·75 

Li 

4 

4 

3 

3 

'3·5 

3-2 

Lu 

• 18 

.19 

.21 

0.6QJ Neg. 

.66 

.6 

.4 

Neg • 

3-40 

•518 Neg. 

.612 Neg • 

·74 .083 

1.0 Neg. 

.67 Neg • 

6.0 Neg. 

·75 

3·8 <•000 

.208 Neg • 

.302 Neg. 

.292 Neg. 

o.us Oo94NS 

.os .63NS 

·4 3.00NS 

.Q4NS 

5•03NS 

.03NS 

.28NS 

·043 

.40 .04NS 

.12 .44NS 

.so .84NS 

1.00NS 

·07 1.33NS 

.to 1.50NS 

5·30NS 

.15 

.048 o50NS 

·034 .13NS 

.028 .02NS 

1.50NS 
Table 3. Analytical data for USGS-BIR-1 (cont.) 

a9 ttte Number 

Org./Meth. __ 1_ __2_ ___.l_ Mean 

USGSR/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Kjell/INAA 

BIO/AAS 

NERF/rNAA 

0.27 

.25 

·77 

·47 

1300 

1290 

1525 

·27 

1590 

LASL/rNAA-1 1400 

0.25 

.26 

.66 

·70 

.66 

.27 

1305 

1290 

1470 

1590 

1410 

1420 

1400 

Lu (cont.) 

0.27 0.26 

.26 

·54 .65 

·77 

.66 

.28 

Mn 

1300 

1573 

1397 

USGSR/OES 

1370 

1380 

1400 

1100 

ll8lo7 

1092.8 

1099·8 

1500 1000 1200 

*HMI/SSMS 

Uind/rCPS 

USGSR/Spph 

Kjell/rNAA 

WIIOI/XRF 

UWI!rz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

USGSR/Spph 

ETH/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/rDMS 

GSF/OES 

BMNH/XRF 

GSC/N 

Parma/AAS 

WIIOI/XRF 

UWUra/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

1000 1200 

1.5 

1.7 

.a. 

.02 

2o7 

2o7 

1o58 

2.10 

5o00 

1.8 

1.6 

2.2 

2.6 

4 

220 

220 

135 

145 

175 

190 

177 

180 

178 

157·8 

158·5 

168 

172 

173 

1.7 

1.1 

·04 

·04 

2.4 

lo5 

2)0 

2)0 

120 

130 

175 

165 

176 

178 

177 

l58o2 

156·7 

173 

177 

174 

181 186 

171 175 

Mo 

Nb 

2.8 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6 

2·5 

3·2 

4 

Nd 

2)0 

210 

115 

145 

160 

170 

Ni 

98~· 

·037 

< ·5 

<3 

< ·4 

2.66 

4 

2.)2 

<4 

2 

2.6 

22) 

Standard Deviation 

ratio 

Neg, 0.01 

Neg. .16 

Neg, o43NS 

13 73 1.06NS 

6.40NS 

Neg. 252 .24NS 

2J.06 

Neg. .26NS 

< .ooo .008 1,00NS 

Neg, .6 o78NS 

Neg, .20NS 

Neg, ·09 .60NS 

.29 

Neg, .22 •57NS 

.22 o48 1,61NS 

< .oo 8.2 l,OONS 

Neg. 13 ·5 .64NS 

1.60NS 

Neg, ·9 

2.8 4o08NS 

Neg, 6.0 o46NS 

Org./Meth. 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Bottle 

140.0 

140.2 

141·7 

154,71 

151·97 

148·54 

177 

169 

Exxon/DCPAS 161,9 

167.2 

159·6 

CRPG/MWPS 193 

USGSR/OES 

*l!MI/SSMS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

Kjell/ AAS 

/rePs 

/rNAA 

GSF/IDMS 

BIO/AAS 

UWI!rz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

ETH/XRF 

BIO/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWUrz/XRF 

wsu/xRF 

BIRM/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

Tohok/IPAA 

Uind/F1 Em 

*HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

GSC/c 

Toron/INAA 

NERF/INAA 

LASL/INAA-1 

USGSR/INAA 

Kje11/INAA 

199 

170 

220 

44.8 

22.6 

42.0 

168 

164 

150 

272 

180 

1.1 

·9 

1.0 

3·6 

2.9 

.60 

.62 

o89 

4 

·4 

.4 

·31 

·75 

.46 

.60 

·52 

.69 

.60 

·55 

·70 

.17 

.62 

1,12 

•97 

138·4 

139·0 

137·2 

153 o49 

151.80 

l52o90 

178 

176 

172.0 

163o4 

162.9 

200 

200 

210 

200 

)2.0 

2$.6 

1.) 

·9 

1.2 

.4 

·4 

o48 

•J4 

·34 

·47 

·50 

o43 

.60 

·55 

·50 

,12 

o89 

·91 

o48 

·53 

Standard Deviation 

Number ~~ 

2df ~ 

Ni (cont.) 

210 

190 

162 

153 

255 

182 

4 

Pb 

Rb 

Sb 

.4 

.4 

o38 

.66 

·38 

o42 

Neg. • 2.27 

173 3o2 

Neg, 

1.9 

200 Neg, 

)2.0 Neg. 

3·11 ± ,02 -

<10 

.::;2 

4•7 Neg, 

<2 

.::;2 

.::; 1 

1,1 

< 1 

""1 

4 

.48 

.4 

< .oo 

Neg, 

.18 

.456 Neg, 

Neg, 

,.....,7 

·45 

3•4 

22 

11.2 

.6 

.16 

o41 

.06 

.166 

.065 

.064 

ratio 

o28NS 

2o82NS 

o74NS 

1o78NS 

.IONS 

o)ONS 

l.OONS 

•37NS 

22o47 

o42NS 

6.62NS 

t.60NS 

Tables 1-6 45 
Table 3, Analytical data for USGS-BIR·l (cont.) 

St,andard Deviation Bottle 

Bottle Number ~ ..ki.2L_ Org./Meth, 

Ors./Meth 2 ~ ..l!!L --Wi2_ 

GSF/OES 

Toron/INAA 

*HMI/INAA•W 

NERF/INAA 

59 

53 

39•9 

42.8 

42o4 

42.8 

42.2 

42o3 

43·4 

44o0 

42.8 

44·9 

46·3 

LASUINAA•l 44 

45 

45 

Open/INAA 45ol 

42·7 

44·7 

USGSR/INAA 42,5 

41.1 

LASL/INAA 42,6 

USGSR/OES 

*HMI/SSMS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

*!IMI/INAA-W 

44.0 

4Jo2 

65 

68 

45·1 

26,0 

35·2 

39 

38·3 

47 

58 

40o7 

42o5 

40.6 

44.1 

44ol 

41.8 

45·9 

44·7 

43·5 

44o6 

44.2 

44 

44 

43 

4J.6 

44o2 

42.5 

40.9 

42.5 

43·3 

4Jo2 

42.7 

67 

69 

17.2 

16.4 

38 

39·9 

·98 

.88 

·94 

1.22 

1.24 

1.17 1.18 

*HMI/INAA-B 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASL/INAA 

Genev/INAA 

Kjell/IIMS 

/INAA 

GSC/N 

BIO/ AAS 

Parma/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

1.30 

125 

155 

74 

80 

112 

104 

81 

79 

78 

108.4 

104o9 

1.25 

135 

145 

65 

73 

114 

113 

82 

83 

81 

107.2 

108.2 

Sc 

49 

50 

41.9 

43.0 

42o9 

59 

65 

39 

39·3 

Sm 

·95 

·95 

·94 

·98 

1.00 

1,2 

1.1 

2.21 

lo77 

2.05 

145 

135 

72 

73 

112 

109 

Sr 

52.7 Neg. 

42o9 

45ol 

42·3 

39 

39·2 

·957 

1.06 

·99 

1.08 

lolJ 

•95 

oJl 

·74 

Neg, 

.6 

Neg, 

·77 

Neg. 

.021 

.022 

.OJ2 

Neg. 

.16 

Neg, 

Neg. 

2.02 Neg, 

1.1 

1.25 

140 

111 

2.8 

1•73 

Neg, 

46 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

·97 

·95 

.6 

·93 

·55 

·OJ4 

.02J 

.013 

.029 

.08 

.15 

,10 

lo5 

UWUrz/XRF 

O.SONS 

wsu/XRF 

lo04NS 

Liege/XRF 

l,JONS 

Birm/XRF 

2.82NS 

Nott/XRF 

o74NS 

Tohok/IPAA 

4,50NS 

Ulnd/ICPS 

.67NS CRPG/MWPS 

2.J8NS 

,20NS 

3•85NS 

2,04NS 

.02NS 

12.25 

o07NS 

o46NS 

•JJNS 

1,2JNS 

6,40NS 

USGSR/OES 

*!IMI/SSMS 

ETH/AAS 

/XRF 

Kje11/INAA 

Toron/INAA 

LASL/INAA•l 

uscsR/INAA 

Kje11/INAA 

Open/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Kje11/INAA 

UWUrz/XRF 

Birm/XRF 

Toron/INAA 

NERF/INAA 

LASUINAA-1 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

ETH/XRF 

Kjell/INAA 

GSF/OES 

104 

104 

98 

102 

116 

117 

117 

106.3 

107.1 

108.0 

108.07 

109·31 

107.74 

105 

105 

106 

107 

120 

121 

180 

160 

111.6 

114.4 

lJ2o4 

109 

112 

70 

• 2 

.16 

.1J 

.o6 

·47 

o41 

o40 

·49 

.42 

·35 

< l 

1.0 

1.4 

5900 

5800 

.15 

,10 

.25 

Toron/INAA 5080 

•5JNS 5390 

5530 

102 

106 

102 

98 

114 

117 

114 

108.4 

106.9 

106.9 

108.16 

111.29 

109·56 

109 

106 

107 

108 

121 

122 

150 

150 

129·5 

134·2 

109 

113 

70 

~1 

• 01 

.11 

.1J 

.06 

.OJ 

,OJ 

.04 

o41 

o44 

·40 

·39 

·39 

·34 

1.2 

< 1 

2.7 

6300 

6500 

5730 

5850 

5860 

•37 

.11 

.15 

.08 

Standard Deviation 

Number 

Mean 

~~ 

..L.!!L ..L!!L ~ 

Sr ( cont,) 

105 

104 

106 

95 

10J 

10J 

106 

105 

200 

150 

113 

90 

Ta 

.05 

Tb 

o40 

·37 

·37 

Th 

Ti 

6500 

5900 

5780 

4700 

5300 

Neg, 

100.2 Neg, 

107.3 Neg. 

121 

122.4 

109 

113 

77 

< ·4 

2.1 

o87 

·5 

Neg. 

1J.l 

.10 Neg • 

< ·5 

o05 

·OJ 0 

o42 Neg. 

o41 •OJ 

·35 

< ·34 

·45 

< .2 

·14 

< •7 

< ·04 

.02 

208 

226 

lo7 o.o6Ns 

< ,OONS 

1.3 2,50NS 

.86 .15NS 

1.25 1.60NS 

1.2 6.78NS 

4,00NS 

2,00NS 

22 

47·49 

.06 

.006 

,16NS 

J,l6NS 

,06 1,21NS 

261 

342 l.SJNS 
Table 3, Analytical data for USGS•BIR-1 (cont,) 

Bottle 

Org t'Meth. 

USGSR/OES 3100 

3300 

*IIMVSSMS 3621<. 

USGSR/AAS 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

GSC/U 

Toron/INAA 

IASL/DNAA -1 

USGSR/INAA 

ETWXRF 

Kjell/INAA 

GSF/OES 

3444 

3418 

·35 

o3l 

·35 

.27 

.20 

1.0 

·7 

.s 

.01 

.01 

.02 

300 

320 

GSC/N 320 

340 

BIO/AAS 300 

304 

Parma/AAS-1 280 

315 

330 

Parma/ AAS-2 319 

345 

334 

WHOI/XRF 301,1 

302.9 

Liege/XRF 294 

Nott/XRF 

285 

283 

259·00 

250·85 

254.46 

Toron/INAA 338 

329 

323 

LASUINAA·l 298 

272 

276 

Uind/ICPS 309 

305 

Exxon/DCPAS 321.5 

314·3 

292·7 

CRPG/MWPS 304 

305 

USGSR/OES 480 

520 

*IIMVSSMS 235,6 

207o8 

172·3 

ETWXRF 317 

Nu!nber 

Ti (cont,) 

3100 3100 

3100 

3457 

T1 

<•10 

Tm 

·34 

Standard Deviation 

~Error 

58 115 

Neg, 148 

Neg. ·30 .043 

o4l 

·34 

.26 

.20 

·27 ·235 Neg, .04 

.21 

u 

1,0 

1.5 

1.2 

2 

310 

350 

310 

340 

304 

301 

290 

.OJ 

.06 

.04 

341 

322 

334 

302.2 

299.1 

289 

300 

294 

254.92 

255·17 

258-98 

310 

340 

300 

330 

299 

304 

332 318 

335 322 

329 346 

298 

290 

309 

305 305 

311 306 

325·9 

300,0 

300.2 

301 

305 

480 530 

570 590 

180.2 

201.6 

v 

<2 

1.22 

< ·5 

2 

< .05 

323 

302 

304 

330.2 

306.8 

528 

·30 .41 

.02 .01 

Neg. 22 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 

Neg. 9·9 

9•8 12.0 

Neg. 

Neg, 

Neg. 2.1 

Neg. 47 

Org,/Heth, 

USGSR/Spph 

Kjell/INAA 

·35NS 

GSF/OES 

WHOI/XRF 

UW\Irz/XRF 

.15NS wsu/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

,Q2NS 

Birm/XRF 

Nott/XRF 

10.12 Tohok/IPAA 

Ulnd/ICPS 

USGSR/OES 

•HMI/SSMS 

o45NS 

ETH/XRF 

•32NS 

< .OONS Toron/INAA 

< .OONS 

2o27NS 

•35NS 

.08NS 

3o02NS 

.36NS 

<.CONS 

·53NS 

.82NS 

3•08NS 

*IIMI/INAA-W 

NERF/INAA 

Open/INAA 

USGSR/INAA 

LASUINAA 

Genev/INAA 

USGSR/OES 

Kjell/IIIlS 

/INAA 

BIO/AAS 

WHOI/XRF 

UWIIrz/XRF 

Liege/XRF 

Bottle 

0.21. 

,20 

29 

18 

18.8 

19·3 

21. 

21. 

17 

15 

17 

12.6 

16.2 

14-9 

18.32 

18.35 

17·97 

16 

17 

16 

16 

26 

28 

13.1 

14-4 

16.3 

18 

0.18 

.26 

16 

18 

16 

14·5 

15·3 

13·9 

17·37 

19·23 

18·95 

16 

15 

16 

17 

29 

28 

15.6 

16.0 

18 

1.58 

Number 

~ Mean 

w 

0.26 

.18 

y 

25 

21 

18.8 

19.6 

18 

19 

13 

4 

16 

15 

16 

16 

25 

27 

Yb 

1.2 

1.5 

1.6 

2.04 

2.26 

2.13 

2·07 

2.08 

1.62 

Zn 

70 

71 

63·7 

62.5 

60 

62 

0.22 

< .6 

21.2 

16.2 

18 

1.6 

1o75 

71 

62.6 

68.8 

Standard Deviation 

...!2ll!!.. ~ F 

2 df ...J....2L ratio 

0.05 

Neg. ,Q2NS 

.1 

Neg. 1.2 .12NS 

Neg, .26NS 

< .oo .41 1.00NS 

1.2 2.11NS 

.68 

.16 .22 

Neg, 

.021. .025 

.16 

.011 .Q40 1.23NS 

.08 .06 4.50NS 

Neg, .22 .70NS 

.6 1.40NS 

Neg. ,g 

1.2 

Neg. 2.0 

Tables 1-6 47 
Table 3. Anal%tical data for USGS-BIR-1 (cont.l 

Sta!ldard Deviation 

!o,tll f!BEer ~~ 

!2Ea.[tteth• ~ Mean 2 df ~ ratio 

Zn (cont.) 

BiraVXIlF 62.1 62.2 62.6 0.77 lo32 2.01NS 

63.2 62.9 

64.7 60.3 

Nott/XIlF 71·27 70o38 69.13 l.ZJ 2.87 lo55NS 

65·03 68.24 

66-71 73o16 

Curie/XIlF 57·03 58·49 57·46 ·69 ·75 3 •59NS 

57o40 57·04 

56.22 58·59 

Uind/ICPS 71 72 72 72·5 Neg. 1.7 .18NS 

75 72 73 

Exxon/DCPAS 137·4 72.2 88.5 4.1 24.1 l.OSNS 

77·1 84·3 

8lo8 78·3 

USGSR/OES 72 79 78 79 Neg, 5·5 .46Ns 

84 85 76 

*HKI/SSMS 87·6 87·6 87o8 4.4 6.3 2.00NS 

96•9 79·1 

1Q9o2 

GCL/AAS 75 75 75 72·3 Neg, 4.0 ol4NS 

69 72 68 

ETH/AAS 7lo6 71·5 71.6 

/XRF 67 66 69 67 

Kjell/AAS 67 66 68 67 

Zr 

WHOI/XIlF 35·3 35·7 35·6 35·3 Neg, ·5 o53NS 

34·9 34·6 35·5 

UWilrz/XRF 34 32 32 32.8 ·4 13.00 

34 33 32 

wsu/XRF 8 0 -2 

0 2 3 

BiraVXIlF 16.5 16.6 16.8 Neg. ·31 .28NS 

16.8 17·3 

16.8 16.6 

Nott/XRF 20.60 20.50 21.66 Neg, los<} .02NS 

2lo7l 19o86 

23·04 24·27 

Tohok/IPAA 16 18 16 16.7 .64 o58 3o50NS 

17 17 16 

USGSR/OES 24 25 24 25o8 Neg, 2.4 ,llNS 

27 26 29 

ETH/XIlF 18 17 18 18 

Notes for tables 1-3 

Critical values of the F ratio for several probabilities and 

degrees of freedom 

Degrees of 

freedom 0.05 

(1,2) ------------------------------- 18.5 

( 1 ,4) ------------------------------- 10.1 

(2,3) ------------------------------- 9.55 

(2,9) ------------------------------- 4.26 

Probability 

0.025 

38.5 

12.2 

16.0 

5.71 

0.01 

98.5 

21.2 

30.8 

8.02 

810: Marine Ecology Laboratory, Bedford Institute 

of Oceanography, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada 

B2Y 4A2. 

Analyst: R. T. T. Rantala. 

48 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

Birm: 

BMNH: 

Method: Sample portions were decomposed by 

acid in Teflon bombs (Rantala and Loring, 

1973), and the constituents were determined by 

flame emission absorption spectroscopy (Rantala and Loring, 1975). 

Department of Geological Sciences, University 

of Birmingham, P .0. Box 363, 

Birmingham, B15 2TI, England. 

Analyst: G. L. Hendry. 

Method: Ten grams of rock powder were 

mixed with 20 drops of a 7 percent aqueous 

solution of polyvinyl alcohol, and the mixture 

was compressed at 15 tons between polished 

faces of a 46-mm diameter steel die. Pellets 

were dried overnight at 110°C before analysis. 

The elements were determined by the 

method of Leake and others (Leake and 

others, 1969), using a Philips PW 14501 

automatic wavelength dispersive X -ray fluorescence spectrometer with a LiF 220 crystal and a 

proportional or a scintillation counter. The gas 

for the proportional counter was 900Jo argon -

100Jo methane. 

(a) For Ni, Cr, Zr, and Nb, a tube with an Rh 

anode was operated at 70 k V and 30 rnA with a 

0.15-mm collimater. A proportional counter 

was used for Ni and Cr and a scintillation 

counter for Zr and Nb. Standards were prepared from pure oxide powders, or solutions of 

elements were added to rock and silica 

powders. 

(b) A tube with an Mo anode, used for Y, Sr, 

Rb, Th, Pb, Ga, Zn, and Ba, was operated at 

60 kV and 30 rnA with a 0.55-mm collimator 

for Ba but a 0.15-mm collimator for the other 

elements. The proportional counter was used 

for Ga, Zn, and Ba and the scintillation 

counter for the other elements. In addition to 

standards as in (a), samples whose Rb, Sr, and 

Ba contents had been determined by IDMS 

were used. 

(c) Ce, La, and Nd were determined with an 

X-ray tube with a W anode operated at 60 kV 

and 30 rnA, with a 0.55-mm collimator and the 

flow counter. Standards were samples analyzed 

for their Ce, La, and Nd contents by IDMS. 

Department of Mineralogy, British Museum of 

Natural History, Cromwell Road, London, 

SW7 5BD, England. 

Analysts: G. Jones, C. Elliott, V. Din. 

Methods: (data were obtained on sample portions dried at 110°C for 2 hours). 

Gravimetric: Si02, CaO (corrected for SrO), 

and MgO (corrected for MnO). 

Colorimetric: Ti02 was determined with Tiron, 

Fe203T with sulfosalicylic acid, MnO with permanganate, and P 20s with molybdenum blue 

1

Trade names are used for identification only and do not constitute 

endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. 
Chels: 

in either (a) a solution of a KHS04 fusion of 

the ignited R203 precipitate or (b) an H2S04 

solution of the rock sample after removal of 

SiF4 by HF and H2S04. Al201 was found by 

difference after either type of solution. 

Titrimetric: The sample was dissolved in 

HF-H2SO. in a sealed polycarbonate bottle 

and, after adding H1BOh ferrous iron was 

titrated with standardized KMn04. 

C, H, N elemental analyzer: Total C and total H were calculated to C02 and H20, 

respectively. 

Ion-selective electrode: After pyrohydrolytic 

separation from a rock sample mixed with a 

flux, F was determined. 

Atomic absorption: Constituents were determined in HF-H3B01 solutions containing 

200 mg of rock sample in 100 mL. Synthetic or 

reference samples prepared similarly were used 

for calibration. 

X-ray fluorescence: Constituents were determined in glass discs prepared in pairs from one 

fusion mixture of 1000 mg of rock sample with 

4000 mg of lithium metaborate. All discs were 

analyzed against reference samples prepared 

similarly. 

* BMNH/Chem: Three analysts each made two 

of the six determinations. The average was used 

for best values but the data were not used for 

the analysis of variance. 

* BMNH/XRF: The separate sets of data were 

made by different analysts. 

Department of Geology, Chelsea College, 271 

King Street, London, W6 9LZ, England (Gill); 

Department of Geology, Imperial College, 

Prince Consort Road, London, SW7, England 

(Rogers). 

Analysts: R. C. 0. Gill and N. W. Rogers. 

Method: 200-mg portions of W -2 and DNC-1, 

and 100-mg portions of BCR-1, were weighed 

into capsules. Other capsules contained 100 JLL 

of standard solutions evaporated onto a 1-cm 

filter paper (Borley and Rogers, 1979). Standard solutions contained rare-earth elements in 

the same proportions as those in BCR-1. The 

set of capsules was divided into two groups of 

12 for irradiation, preserving random order. 

Capsules with standard solutions were placed 

at the bottom, middle, and top of each group 

of 12 capsules to correct for neutron flux 

gradients. 

Samples were irradiated simultaneously 

in the "Consort Mk II" reactor at the University of London Reactor Centre, Silwood Park, 

Ascot, Berkshire, for 40 hr at a thermal flux of 

1012 n cm- 2 s- 1

• A Princeton Gamma-Tech 

(Li) detector of 42 cm3 active volume, with a 

resolution of 1.81 keY FWHM (full width-half 

maximum) at 1.33 meY, was used for energies 

>200 keY, and a Princeton Gamma-Tech 

CRPG: 

Curie: 

ETH: 

Exxon: 

GCL: 

ultrapure Ge detector with an active area of 

200 mm2 and 5 mm thick, with a resolution of 

520 eY at 122 keY, was used for energies 

<210 keY. 

La, Lu, Ho, and Sm were determined 

about 3 days after irradiation when short-lived 

isotopes had decayed, and the remaining 

elements were determined after another delay 

of 3 weeks when other interfering isotopes had 

decayed. 

Centre de Recherches Petrographiques et 

Geochimiques, C. 0. No. 1, 54500 

Y andoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. 

Analyst and method: K. Govindaraju and 

others (1976). 

Laboratoire de Geologie Appliquee, Universite 

Pierre et Marie Curie, 4, Place Jussieu, 75230 

Paris, CEDEX 05, France. 

Analyst: M. Quintin. 

Method: Quintin and others (1978). Synthetic 

standards were made from CuO, Ga20, and 

ZnO (Johnson Matthey Chemicals Limited). 

Eidg. Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, 

CH-8092, Ziirich, Switzerland. 

Analysts: B. Ayranci, major and minor oxides, 

plus Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr, and Zn by atomic absorption and H20 by Penfield; Y. Dietrich, major 

and minor oxides plus trace elements by X-ray 

fluorescence, and Ba by IDMS. 

Exxon Production Research Co., P.O. Box 

2189, Houston, Texas 77001. 

Analyst: P. E. Drez. 

Method: Spectrametric's Spectrascan IliA DC 

arc plasma emission spectrometer was used in 

the multielement mode with a 3-electrode spectrajet. 50-mg portions of rock in sealed polypropylene centrifuge tubes were dissolved with 

3 mL HF and 2.8 g H1B03. Solutions were 

diluted so that the fmal concentration was 

500 ppm of whole rock. 2000 ppm of Cs was 

added as an ionization buffer. Nineteen reference rocks were treated the same as the 

unknowns and were used as standards. 

Government Chemical Laboratories, 30 Plain 

Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000. 

Analysts: C. J. Dood (Cd and Zn); R. S. Y. 

Pepper (Be); and E. J. Tovey (As and B). 

Methods: Cd and Zn-AAS. Sample portions 

were dissolved with HF, HN01, and HOO. 

and taken to fumes. The residue was diluted to 

volume and Zn determined by atomic absorption. Cd was complexed with diethyl dithiocarbamate and extracted into chloroform. After 

evaporating the chloroform, the residue was 

dissolved in HC104 and diluted to volume 

before determining Cd by atomic absorption. 

An air-C2H2 flame was used for both elements. 

Be-AAS. Samples were fused with KHF2 and 

the fusion treated with H2S04 and brought to 

fumes. The residue was taken up with HCl and 

Tables 1-6 49 
Genev: 

GSC: 

diluted to volume to determine Be by atomic 

absorption ~than N20-C2H2 flame. 

B-Spectrophotometry. Samples were decomposed by sintering with Na2C03-ZnO and an 

aqueous extract was acidified with HO. After 

complexing fluorine with zirconyl chloride, the 

boron was extracted into a chloroform solution 

of 2-ethylhexane-1 ,3 diol (EHD). The chloroform was evaporated from the organic extract, 

leaving a residue containing the boron. After 

adding curcumin in acetic acid solution to the 

EHD residue, H2SO .. was also added, resulting 

in a boron complex (rosocyanin) in about 75 

min. This solution was diluted to volume with 

ethanol and boron determined spectrophotometrically at 555 nm. 

As-Spectrophotometry. Sample portions 

were fused with Na2C03-Na202 and a water 

extract taken. After adding HO and Kl, the As 

was reduced with SnCl2 and further reduced to 

arsine by hydrogen generated by HO on Zn 

metal. After removing any H2S, the arsine was 

absorbed into a solution in which it was oxidized to arsenate by iodine. The arsenate was 

converted to arsenomolybdate, which was reduced by hydraziDe sulfate to a molybdenum 

blue whose absorbance was measured. 

Department of Mineralogy, University of 

Geneva, 13, rue des Marafchers, 1211 Geneva 

4, Switzerland. 

Analyst: P. Voldet. 

Method: Voldet and Haerdi (1978). 

Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth 

Street, Ottawa, Canada KIA OES. An asterisk 

(*) following a letter for a method in the tables 

indicates the method preferred by GSC. 

Methods: 

A: Sample portions were fused with lithium 

tetraborate-fluoride mixture and were cast into 

discs. The discs were irradiated in a programmable wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Peak and background 

intensities were processed by an off-line computer, referred to stored calibrations, and corrected for interelement effect and instrumental 

drift. 

B: Modified Wilson vanadate method (Maxwell, 

1968, p. 419-421). 

C: By difference between total Fe (method A) and 

Fe(II) (method B). 

D: Sample was fused with lithium metaborate and 

the fusion was disintegrated with dilute HCl. 

The solution was evaporated with HCl and 

methanol to dehydrate silica and volatilize 

boron. Silica was determined gravimetrically as 

Si02. The residue from the HF treatment was 

fused with pyrosulfate and set aside for the Ti 

50 Three USGS MafiC Rock Reference Samples 

determination. Unprecipitated silica was determined colorimetrically in the filtrate with 

molybdenum blue. 

E: Determined in the ftltrate from D by atomic 

absorption spectroscopy with an N20-C2H2 

flame. 

F: Pratt method with potentiometric titration 

(Maxwell, 1968, p. 419, 423). 

G: Same method as E, with an air-C2H2 flame. 

H: The pyrosulfate fusion from D was dissolved in 

dilute sulfuric acid. The corresponding aliquots 

from that solution and the main ftltrate from D 

were combined, A103 and HCl were added, 

and Ti was determined as in E. 

J: Determined in the ftltrate from D with 

molybdenum blue. 

K: Sample was fused with Na2C03 and the fused 

melt leached with water. F was determined by 

an ion-selective electrode in the presence of a 

buffer. 

L: Colorimetric determination with mercuric thiocyanate and ferric iron on an aliquot from K. 

M: Determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy 

on a solid sample by a "screw-rod" method 

(Bouvier and Abbey, 1977). 

N: Sample was mixed with buffer and graphite 

and excited in an air-jet controlled de arc. The 

emitted radiation was dispersed in a directreading optical spectrometer. The signals 

generated in individual photomultiplier tubes 

were processed automatically by an on-line 

mini-computer. 

U: Uranium was separated by solvent extraction 

and determined fluorimetrically. 

X: Rb and Sr were determined on unfused 

powders by comparison with similar standards 

in a manual X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. 

Y: The sample was mixed with V 20s and then 

heated in a stream of oxygen. Evolved gases 

were analyzed by the integration of the signals 

generated in non-dispersive infrared detectors. 

Z: Sample was mixed with lead oxide and heated 

in a Penfield tube (Maxwell, 1968, p. 426). The 

evolved water was dissolved in an organic solvent and titrated with Karl Fisher reagent. 

a: Gases evolved by treating a sample with HO 

were passed through traps to remove interferences. C02 was absorbed in an organic solvent 

and determined by non-aqueous acidimetric 

titration in a modified sulfur titrator (Bouvier 

and others, 1972). 

b: Conventional drying in an oven. 

c: As and Sb were determined as hydrides by 

atomic absorption spectroscopy after leaching 

the sample with aqua regia and diluting an aliquot with 0.5 M HCl. 
GSF: 

HMI: 

Analysts and methods used 

Analyst Method 

J. L. Bouvier------------------- D,F,Y,b 

V. E. Grushman --------------- K,L 

A. G. Douma----------------- A,M 

R. M. Rousseau --------------- A,X 

N. Bertrand-------------------- B,C 

F. J. Watson ------------------ a,Z 

P. G. Belanger --------------- N 

Gillis Gauthier------------------ c 

Serge Courville ---------------- U 

R. J. Guillas ------------------- X 

K. A. Church------------------ N 

R. A. Meeds------------------ N 

Geological Survey of Finland, SF-02150 Espoo 

IS, Finland. 

Analysts: Chemical analysis, Risto Saikonen 

(W-2), Mervi Wiik (DNC-1), Christer Ahlsved 

(BIR-1); optical emission spectroscopy, A. 

Puisto and R. Danielson; isotope dilution mass 

spectroscopy, 0. Kuovo. 

Methods for chemical analysis (pages refer to 

Maxwell, 1968): Gravimetric: Si02 (p. 323-332, 

348-350); CaO (p. 363-367); MgO (p. 372-

374); H2o+ (p. 426-430). 

Colorimetric: Ti02 (p. 379-383); MnO (p. 387-

389); P20s (p. 392-394); Fe203 as the yellow 

1.14-HO complex. 

Titrimetric: FeO (p. 416-418). 

Atomic absorption: Al203, MgO, CaO, K20. 

Flame emission: Na20. 

Hahn-Meitner Institut, Postfach 39 01 28, 

D-1000 Berlin 39, Federal Republic of Germany. 

Analysts: INAA-F. Schley, Bereich Kemchemie und Reaktor. 

SSMS-J. Luck and W. Szacki, Department 

of Geochemistry. 

Methods: INAA: Samples were dried at l00°C 

and 100-150 mg portions were sealed in highpurity quartz ampoules. Samples were irradiated for 48 hr in a flux of -s x 1012 n cm- 2 

s -I. Elements were measured, against either 

W-1 (INAA-W) or BCR-1 (INAA-B) as 

standards, by gamma-ray spectroscopy for 2000 

s after a decay of 4-S days and for 7000 s after a 

decay of 30 days. Resolution of the detector 

was 1.9 keV at 1332 keV. SSMS: The operating 

conditions for the mass spectrometer were: 

spark voltage, 40 kV; high tension, 20 kV; 

magnet current, 300 rnA; source pressure, 

I0- 6-I0- 7 Torr; and analysis pressure, 2-4 x 

Io-s Torr. The determinations were made on a 

MS 702 with photoplate detection on IIford 

Q-2 plates with 16 exposures per plate from 

Kjell: 

LASL: 

Liege: 

Munich: 

NERF: 

NIM: 

0.02 nC to 100 nC. Photoplates were developed 

by a modified ID 13 developer and measured 

with an Optronics S 3000 densitometer with an 

a-16 microcomputer and a Kennedy tape 

machine. 

Institute for Energy Technology, '1lX17 Kjeller, 

Norway. 

Analysts: A. Folio and E. Steinnes. 

University of California, Los Alamos National 

Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New 

Mexico 87545. 

INAA-1 and DNAA-1, analyst, Ernest S. 

Gladney. 

INAA and XRF, analysts, T. J. Bornhorst and 

J. p. Balanga. 

Geologie, Petrologie, et Geochimie, Universite 

de Liege, B-4000 Sart-Tillman par Liege I, 

Belgium. 

Analysts: G. Bologne and I. Roelandts. 

Methods: FeO was determined volumetrically 

and H20+ and H20- gravimetrically on three 

portions of sample from each bottle. X-ray 

fluorescence: three measurements were made 

for each trace element on one pressed powder 

pellet from each bottle. The error term for 

FeO, H20+, and H20- is the error within 

separate portions of sample whereas the error 

term for the trace elements is the error within 

the triplicate measurements of each pressed 

powder pellet. 

Mineralogisch-Petrologisches Institut, Universitit Miinchen, Theresienstrasse 41, 8 Munich 

2, Federal Republic of Germany. 

Analysts: G. Troll and A. Farzaneh. 

Reference: Farzaneh and Troll (1977, 1978). 

Research Centre, Netherlands Energy Research 

Foundation, 3, Westerduinweg, Petten (NH), 

The Netherlands. 

Analysts: H. A. van der Sloot and H. A. Das. 

Method: Si was determined by 14-meV neutron 

activation with a Sames neutron generator. An 

irradiation for 10 min at 1011 n cm-2s- 1 was 

used for Na, K, Mn, and Dy, and an irradiation for 1 min at the same flux for AI. For 

other elements, samples of about 1 g were 

irradiated for 2 hr at a flux of 3 x 10'2 n cm-2 

s-r. 

National Institute for Metallurgy, Private Bag 

X3015, Randburg, 2125, South Africa. 

Methods: X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. A 

subsample of 1 g was fused with a mixture of 

lithium tetraborate, sodium tetraborate, and 

sodium carbonate. A glass disc was cast and 

the sample evaluated using influence factors. 

(There are 9 d.f. for the error standard deviation for these data.) 

Atomic emission spectroscopy: A subsample of 

Tables 1-6 51 
Nott: 

Open: 

Parma: 

0.2 g was fused with a mixture of LiB02, 

LiNOh and Bz03. After the fusion was put into 

solution, the solution was analyzed with a 

Hilger spectrometer using inductively coupled 

plasma excitation. 

Atomic absorption spectroscopy: A subsample 

of 1 g was attacked with HzS04, HC104, and 

HF in a platinum dish and the residue was 

dissolved in HCl and HN03. The elements 

were measured on a Varian-Techtron AAS 

using a NzO-CzHz flame. 

Neutron activation analysis: Subsamples of 

0.5 g were irradiated for 3 hours and counted 

at decay times ranging from 3 to 30 days. The 

data were processed with a modified version of 

the Yule program. Flux variations were corrected by normalizing counts against monitor 

wires around standard vials. 

Ferrous oxide: Subsamples of 0.15 g were fused 

with sodium metafluoborate and sodium vanadate in an atmosphere of Nz. Fusions were 

leached in water and HzS04 and the solutions 

were titrated with ferrous ammonium sulfate. 

Total iron: Subsamples of 0.5 g were fused in 

sodium peroxide, the fusions were leached with 

water, and the resulting solutions were acidified with HCl after an Rz03 precipitation and 

dissolution of the hydroxides. The iron was 

determined by titration with potassium 

dichromate. 

Department of Geology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, 

England. 

Analyst: P. K. Harvey. 

Method: The determinations were made on 

pressed powder pellets, and a modified Compton scatter ratio technique was used. 

Department of Earth Sciences, The Open 

University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 

6AA, England. 

Analysts: P. J. Potts and 0. W. Thorpe. 

Method: Instrumental neutron-activation 

analysis. 

Istituto di Mineralogia, Universita degli Studi 

di Parma, Via A. Gramsci 9, 43100 Parma, 

Italy. 

Analysts: G. Di Battistine, F. Gallo, G. Venturelli, L. Vernia, L. Beccaluva, and F. 

Emiliani. 

Methods: 

Gravimetric: SiOz. 

Colorimetric: TiOz and Fez03 (Casanova and 

others, 1968); PzOs (Shapiro and Brannock, 

1962). 

Flame photometric: Na, K. 

Atomic absorption spectroscopy: AI, Co, Cr, 

Cu, Li, Ni, Sr, and V. Two analysts determined 

v. 

52 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples 

TexA&M: 

Tohok: 

Toron: 

Ulnd: 

USGSM: 

USGSD: 

USGSR: 

UWi.irz: 

Department of Geology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843. 

E. B. Ledger, T. T. Tieh, and M. W. Rowe 

determined uranium in W -2 by delayed 

neutron activation analysis. 

The uranium contents of DNC-1 and BIR-1 

were below the limit of estimation (Ledger and 

others, 1980). 

Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, 

Sendai, Japan 980. Instrumental photon 

activation analysis by T. Kato and H. 

Yo kobayashi. 

Method: Kato and others (1977); Masumoto 

and others ( 1978). 

SLOWPOKE Reactor Office, University of 

Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A4. 

Analyst: R. G. V. Hancock. 

Method: Hancock (1976). The third line of 

data was discarded for the analysis of variance 

of Ba data in W-2, and there are 3 d.f. for the 

error s.d. The first set of Eu data was obtained 

using 152mEu. 

Department of Geology, University of Indiana, 

Bloomington, Indiana 47405. 

Analyst: P. L. Lechler. 

U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, 

Menlo Park, California 94025. 

Flame photometric determinations by P. R. 

Klock and B. Lai. 

U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, 

Denver, Colorado 80225. 

Determinations of NazO and Li by atomic absorption spectroscopy by V. M. Merritt. 

Determination of U and Th by delayed neutron 

activation analysis by H. T. Millard, Jr. 

(Millard, 1976). 

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 

22092. 

Instrumental neutron activation analysis 

(Baedecker and others, 1977) by L. J. Schwarz. 

Atomic absorption spectrometry: Mg, Na, K, 

and Cu by W. M. d'Angelo; Li by A. K. 

Neuville. 

Flameless atomic absorption spectrometry: Ag 

and Ti by W. M. d' Angelo. 

Spectrophotometry: Mo and W by W. M. 

d'Angelo; Nb by E. Y. Campbell. 

Rapid rock analysis (Shapiro, 1975) by Z. A. 

Hamlin. 

Optical emission spectroscopic determinations 

by N. Rait using methods modified from 

Bastron and others (1960). 

X-ray fluorescence determinations by R. B. 

Johnson using methods modified from Rose 

and others (1963). 

Institut fiir Mineralogie und Kristallstrukturlehre, Universitiit Wiirzburg, Federal Republic 

of Germany. 
WAIT: 

WHOI: 

WSU: 

Analyst: P. Richter. 

Methods: 

Major and minor oxides (except Na20): X-ray 

fluorescence measurements after Li2B401 fu·· 

sion at 20: 1 dilution. 

Na20 and Li: flame atomic absorption. 

Cr ( < 100 ppm): flameless atomic absorption. 

Cr ( > 100 ppm) and the remaining trace: 

elements: X-ray fluorescence measurements on 

powder discs using internal standards or the 

method of standard additions. 

Department of Physics, Western Australian Institute of Technology, Hayman Road, South 

Bentley, Western Australia. 

Analysts: K. J. R. Rosman and J. R. de Laeter. 

Method: Rosman and de Laeter (1980). 

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 

Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543. 

Analysts: Geoffrey Thompson and Brian 

Schroeder. 

Method: Major and minor constituents were 

determined on glass discs following the method 

of Norrish and Hutton (1969). Trace elements 

were determined on pressed powder pellets. 

Department of Geology, Washington State 

University, Pullman, Washington 99164. 

X-ray fluorescence determinations by P. R. 

Hooper using the method of Hooper and 

Atkins (1969). 

Table 4. Detenninations of Ni, Rb, and Sr by X-ray fluorescence 

1/ 

spectroscopy using two X- ray systems by M. QuintinTable 5. 

Element 

Cu 

Rb 

Sr 

y 

Zr 

Nb 

Sn 

Sb 

Cs 

Ba 

La 

Ce 

Pr 

Nd 

W-2 

DNC-1 

BIR-1 

W-2 

[In parts per million.] 

2/ 

Bottle 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

X-ray System2 

Nickel 

66.24 79.35 

66.85 73.31 

249.28 239.27 

254.49 258.89 

155.07 

152.88 

165.08 

164.48 

Rubidium 

19.3 

17.9 

20.2 

19.9 

Mean 

71.4 

250.5 

159.3 

19.3 

DNC-1 1 

2 

4.22 

4.10 

5.27 

5.64 

4.80 

BIR-1 

W-2 

DNC-1 

BIR-1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

2 

.42 .58 

.42 

Strontium 

217.09 

214.92 

163.00 

163.52 

120.46 

116.26 

213.69 

213.67 

160.52 

158.58 

115.54 

115.78 

.47 

214.8 

161.4 

117.0 

1/ Laboratoire de Geologie Appliquee, Universite" 

- Pierre et Marie Curie, 4, Place Jussieu, 75230 

Paris CEUEX 05, France 

2/ X-ray systems: (l) Philips PWW 1450; (2) Siemens 

- SRS 1 • An Au tube with the Siemens SRS 1 was 

used for Ni but a Mo tube was used elsewhere 

Standards: A synthetic standard for Ni was made 

from Johnson Matthey NiO. i1 synthetic standard 

with 1000 ppm Sr was made from Johnson Matthey 

SrC03 and Si02 (impurities <0.01 ppm). USGS-G-2 

(168 ppm) was used for Rb 

Method: Quintin and others (1978) 

RSF ID Element RSF ID 

129 Sm 0.94 1.06 

0.28 Eu .62 .564 

122 111 Gd 1.41 1.85 

19 Tb .26 

18 Dy 2.19 2.23 

.78 Ho .45 

.63 .746 Er 1.58 

.65 Tm .195 

<.001 Yb 1.14 1.27 

7.90 Lu .23 

.55 Hf .48 .484 

1.96 Pb 2.2 2.65 

.35 Th <.02 

2.21 2.00 u <.01 

Abteilung Geochemie, Max Planck I nsti tut fllr Chemie, Saarstrasse 

2 3 , D-6500 Ma i nz, W. Gennany 

Tables 1-6 53 
Tlble 6. Deteminattons of constttuMtts by instrUNntal neutron activation analysis by A.Y. Mura1i 1 

l!ott1e 

S.IIP10 

Port1onb_---''----.:.:.----=---........:'-----__:..----'"----=---"---"'""==n~-

Fe 

Na2o 

T10z 

MnO 

Ce 

Co 

Cr 

Eu 

Hf 

La 

Lu 

M1 

Sc 

Sol 

Tb 

Th 

Yb 

Fe 

A1 20] 

llq() 

NazO 

no2 

MnO 

Ce 

Co 

Cr 

Eu 

La 

Lu 

Sc 

Tb 

Th 

Yb 

Fe 

A1 2o3 

NqO 

Ma 2o 

no2 

MnD 

Co 

Cr 

Eu 

Hf 

La 

lu 

N1 

Sc 

s.. 

Tb 

Th 

7.00 6.85 

8.36 

6.711 

7.38 

12.82'1 

8.73d 

W-2 

2.089 2.110 2.040 2.116e 

.115 

1.17 

.148 .165 

.99'1 

.1190 

7.85 

6.97 

7.38 

12.71 

6.87 

7.18 

7.19 

2.100 2.110 2.181 

.96 

.158 

.99 

.120 

1.118 

.124 

7.16< 

12.76 

7.58C 

2.105' 

1.04 

.138< 

In erts eer •illion 

38 

78 

20 

40 

68 

.96 

1.4 

20 

38 

68 

.84 

2.5 

10.15 10.30 10.50 

.35 .34 .39 

30 

3.30 

2.22 

6.62 

31 

4.00 

1.25 

266 

2.00 

15,05 

11 

30 

.s 

259 

1.98 

6,78 

2szd 

15.99 

10.80 11.85 1D.l3 12.590 

Dr«:-1 

1.830 1.819 1.640 1.876e 

.52 

.137 .140 

,5sd 

.138 

24.8 

40 

79 

1.05 

1.8 

37 

79 

.92 

20 

39 

16 

.86 

9.40 11.15 10.40 

.32 .36 .30 

33 

2.711 

.57 

1.4 

242 

2.4 

15.34 

29 

2.99 

242 

2.26 

6.82 

33 

2.65 

.61 

1.2 

267 

2.4 

6.89 

12.54 11.48 12.79 

1.829 1.890 1.910 

.51 

.139 .145 

.60 

.140 

21.2 

39< 

.93 

1.9 

10.32' 

.34< 

10 

31° 

3.13 

.56 

1.28 

zss< 

2.21' 

6.78 

15.46 

11.60' 

1.820' 

.54 

.140' 

In ptrts per 11i11ton 

7.5 

52 

235 

.52 

4.80 

250 

4.05 

.31 

7.3 

52 

267 

.59 

4.70 

27 25 28 

132 

.96 1.09 1.04 

.2 

137 

1.83 

.3 

.12 

BIR-1 

7.30 

13.33 

7.85 

In percent 

7.5sd 

13,87 13.61Jd 

12.27 12.58 10.80 11.64e 

1.1n 1.roo· 1.11io 1,194e 

1.06 1.07 .96 1.040 

.124 .166 .165 .1220 

so 

257 

.so 

4.68 

.34 

52 

302 

.61 

4.711 

12 

52 

289 

.58 

.30 

26 28 Z9 

1.10 .92 .81 

.2 

143 

2.13 

7.00 

165 

7.63 

152 

6.84 

8.9 

51.6 

267' 

.56 

4.59 

.32 

27.1' 

.99< 

.2 

.12 

143' 

1.98 

7.]6< 

13.10 13,55'1 13.49 

11.03 11.78 11.27 11.890 11.62< 

1.640 1.170 1.781 l.n9" 1.637' 

.92 1.08 .96 1.04e 1.008' 

.164 .164 .134 .124e .153' 

In earts per 11tll1on 

48 

368 

.56 

.16 

:30 

38 

1.12 

302 

53 

338 

14 

40 

333 

.64 

.5 

.70 

.40 

.91 

.4 

.8 

281 

.86'1 

.JOd 

44 

300 

11 

.63 

.5 

.60 

.35 

36 

1.18 

.5 

293 

48 

322 

12 

,55 

.71 

,44 

39 

1.19 

.5 

47 

3711 

37 

306 

.aod 

.30 

345< 

12 

.61 

.5 

1.11 

.5 

.8 

301.5' 

Yb 2.118 1.6 z.ood z.oo 2.00 1.94 

!J Anllytfcal CMM1stry Division, Bhlbha Atat.~tc Research centre, TI"OIIIbay Bowlbly 400 085 lndi1. 

!I S..Oie portions ,.. .. taken r...,. the totJ (T), middle (N), and bott.., (R) tll1rds of tlle bottle and 

a composite (C) portion wu taken after the contents of a bottle wre •hed. 

Sl Averac;e used for best values. The liNn and SIIIIP1e ·vtrianc.e of Fe data wre converted to FezOJT 

by the gravt•t-ric. factor and tts square, respectively. 

~ DatURt included in ca leu lated averaqe. 

!f Datum not included in alculated averaqe. 

54 Three USGS Mafic Rock Reference Samples