NISTIR 8106 

2014 NIST Assessment of Phasor 

Measurement Unit Performance 

Allen Goldstein 

This publication is available free of charge from

http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106
NISTIR 8106

2014 NIST Assessment of Phasor 

Measurement Unit Performance 

Allen Goldstein 

Physical Measurement Laboratory 

This publication is available free of charge from: 

http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106 

February 2016

U.S. Department of Commerce 

Penny Pritzker, Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

Willie May, Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Acting Director
i

Foreword

In 2005, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Standards Association (IEEE SA) published IEEE Std. 

C37.118.1-2005 Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems. This standard replaced IEEE Std. 1344-1995. These 

standards define a Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) as a device that produces synchronized phasor, frequency, and rate 

of change of frequency (ROCOF) estimates from voltage and/or current signals and a time synchronizing signal. The 1995 

standard required that a PMU have less than 1 μs error in timing. The 2005 standard removed the timing error limit and 

instead set amplitude and phase angle limits using a combined metric called Total Vector Error (TVE). The limits were 

placed only on the performance of the phasor measurements and not on frequency or rate of change of frequency 

(ROCOF) measurements. Also the performance limits were only given for “steady state” power system conditions: 

conditions where the magnitude and frequency of the power system signal were unchanging but not for “dynamic” 

conditions where frequency and/or magnitude were changing. 

In 2005, NIST began to develop test methods for synchrophasors and in 2006, NIST began to measure the performance 

of PMUs sponsored with supplemental funding from the Department of Energy (DOE). Working closely with DOE, the 

IEEE working group responsible for the synchrophasor standard (IEEE Power and Energy Society (PES), Power System 

Relaying Committee (PSRC) Working Group H11), and with the Bonneville Power Administration’s (BPA’s) PMU lab, NIST 

developed tests for PMUs. In 2007, NIST began to offer special test services for PMUs. 

In 2009, NIST was contracted to create a Report of Special Test for Operador Nacional do Sistema Electrica (ONS), Brazil. 

The contract required that PMUs be tested for accuracy of frequency and ROCOF measurements as well as performance 

under some dynamic system conditions. As a result of this testing, NIST made proposals to IEEE PSRC H11 for dynamic 

tests to be performed on PMUs. 

In 2010, NIST awarded an American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) grant to Fluke Calibration1to develop a 

commercially available PMU calibration system. A prototype of this system is on loan to the NIST Power System 

Synchrometrology Lab. It is one of four PMU test systems in operation at NIST today. 

In 2011, IEEE SA published C37.118.1-2011 IEEE Standards for Synchrophasor Measurements for Power Systems which 

incorporated many of the dynamic tests developed by NIST and BPA. The standard eliminated the PMU “levels” and 

implemented M and P classes of PMU. It revised the steady state performance limits, added performance limits for 

frequency and ROCOF measurements, and added a set of dynamic performance limits. Many of the limits chosen were 

based on extensive testing of actual and simulated PMUs performed at NIST. 

In 2012, NIST invited all known PMU manufacturers to participate in a performance assessment of their PMU products. 

Tests were performed and the data were provided to the vendors. When the performance data were shared with the 

PMU vendors many of them upgraded their PMU hardware and/or software, and NIST re-tested them. Some of the 

vendors provided prototype equipment that has not been released to production at the time of this publication. 

1 Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster 

understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute 

of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily 

the best available for the purpose 
ii

In 2014, acting upon lessons learned through PMU testing at NIST, BPA, and other locations, IEEE SA amended the 

synchrophasor standard with IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014, clarifying some tests, resolving some ambiguities, and adjusting 

some performance limits. 

This NISTIR reports on the performance of ten prototype and commercially available PMUs, as well as the C37.118.1a2014 amended Annex C Reference Signal Processing Model against the limits of the 2014 amended IEEE synchrophasor 

standard. The purpose of this study was to establish a baseline range of performance for commercial PMUs and to 

provide generic PMU performance information to the IEEE PSRC H11 Working Group to support further improvement of 

the synchrophasor standards. The identities of the PMU models and manufacturers are therefore withheld. 

NIST continues to work closely with IEEE and with IEC, who are now working to create a joint synchrophasor standard. 

NIST is also working closely with IEEE SA to create a Synchrophasor Conformity Assessment Program which will use 

third-party independent laboratories to test PMUs for compliance certification to meet power industry needs. NIST also 

continues to test PMUs from manufacturers to help them prepare for certification of compliance against the 

synchrophasor standards. 
iii

Table of Contents 

1. Performance Overview ...................................................................................................................................................... 1

2. Steady state signal frequency range................................................................................................................................ 14

3. Steady state signal magnitude range .............................................................................................................................. 96

4. Steady state harmonic distortion .................................................................................................................................. 177 

5. Steady state out-of-band interfering signals................................................................................................................. 258 

6. Dynamic ramp of system frequency.............................................................................................................................. 352 

7. Dynamic measurement bandwidth: phase modulation ............................................................................................... 510 

8. Dynamic measurement bandwidth: amplitude modulation ........................................................................................ 592 

9. Dynamic step change in phase....................................................................................................................................... 672 

10. Dynamic step change in magnitude............................................................................................................................. 875 

11. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................. 1073
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1 

1. Performance overview

1. Performance overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C signal processing model performance overview ............................................................................................................................................ 3

1.2 PMU A performance overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.3 PMU B performance overview....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 PMU C performance overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6

1.5 PMU D Performance overview....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7

1.6 PMU E performance overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8

1.7 PMU F performance overview ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

1.8 PMU G performance overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

1.9 PMU H performance overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

1.10 PMU I performance overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12

1.11 PMU J performance overview .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

2 

The sections of the overview provide tables of pass, fail, or indeterminate results for each of the PMUs in the assessment. These results are for IEEE(TM) Std. 

C37.118.1-2011 amended by IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014. 

The rows of the tables provide results for each of the test types required by the synchrophasor standard. The tests are: 

 Steady state frequency range tests

 Steady state harmonic distortion tests

 Steady state out-of-band interfering signals tests

 Steady state magnitude tests

 Dynamic test of ramp of system frequency

 Dynamic bandwidth modulation tests

o Phase modulation tests

o Magnitude modulation tests

 Dynamic step tests

o Phase step tests

o Magnitude step tests

The columns of the tables show pass/fail/indeterminate results for Total Vector Error (TVE), Frequency Error (FE) and Rate of Change of Frequency Error (RFE) for 

each of the reporting rates required for 60 Hz nominal system frequency. Fifty Hz nominal system frequency was not tested for this assessment. 

 P indicates the PMU passes the test by performing within the limits set by the standard.

 F indicates the PMU fails the test by performing outside the limits set by the standard.

 I indicates the result is indeterminate because the PMU performance is close enough to the limits to be within the test system’s range of uncertainty.

 - (dash) indicates that a test was not required or that performance limits have not been established for the test type, class, and reporting rate.
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

3 

1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C signal processing model performance overview 

Table 1: Annex C signal processing model TVE, FE, and RFE 

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

SS Harmonic P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

SS OOB Interf. P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

Dyn Ramp P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Phase Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Ampl Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Table 2: Annex C signal processing model response time, delay time, and overshoot pass/fail 

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

4

1.2 PMU A performance overview

PMU A is a commercially available PMU.

Table 3: PMU A TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P F P F F P F F P F F

SS Harmonic P P - P P F P P - P P F P P - P P F P P - P P F P P - P P F P P - P P F

SS OOB Interf. P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - P P P P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

Dyn Ramp P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P F P P F

Dyn Phase Mod P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Ampl Mod P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Table 4: PMU A response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P F F F

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P F F F
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

5

1.3 PMU B performance overview

PMU B is a commercially available PMU.

Table 5: PMU B TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

SS Harmonic P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

SS OOB Interf. F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

Dyn Ramp P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P

Dyn Phase Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P F P P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P

Dyn Ampl Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Table 6: PMU B response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P F P F

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Overshoot F F F F F F F F F F F F

Freq Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P F P F

ROCOF Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P F P F

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P F P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude Overshoot F F F F F F F F F F F F

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

6

1.4 PMU C performance overview

PMU C is a commercially available PMU.

Table 7: PMU C TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P F F

SS Harmonic P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P F F

SS OOB Interf. F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - P F - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

Dyn Ramp P F P P F P P F P P F P P F F P F F P F F P F P P F F P F P P F F P F F

Dyn Phase Mod P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Ampl Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Table 8: PMU C response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P P P F

ROCOF Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P F P F

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P F P F P F P F P P P F

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P F P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

7

1.5 PMU D Performance overview

PMU D is a prototype PMU and is not yet commercially available

Table 9: PMU D TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

SS Harmonic P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P P P P P P P - P P - P P - P P P

SS OOB Interf. P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

Dyn Ramp P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Phase Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Ampl Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Table 10: PMU D response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P I P I P I P I P I P I

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P I P I P I P I P I P I

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

8

1.6 PMU E performance overview

PMU E is a commercially available PMU. PMU E does not support P class. Data for reporting rate Fs = 12 FPS, M class was corrupted and could not be recovered.

Table 11: PMU E TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P - - - - - - - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - -

SS Harmonic P P - - - - - - - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

SS OOB Interf. F F - - - - - - - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - P F - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - - - - - - - - - - P - - - - - I - - - - - P - - - - - F - - - - -

Dyn Ramp P F P - - - - - - - - - P F P - - - P F P - - - P F P - - - P F P - - -

Dyn Phase Mod P I P - - - - - - - - - P F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - -

Dyn Ampl Mod P P P - - - - - - - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - -

Table 12: PMU E response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P - - - P - P - P - F -

Phasor Delay Time P - - - P - P - P - P -

Phasor Overshoot P - - - P - P - P - P -

Freq Resp. Time P - - - P - P - P - P -

ROCOF Resp. Time P - - - P - P - P - P -

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P - - - P - P - P - F -

Phasor Delay Time P - - - P - P - P - P -

Magnitude Overshoot P - - - P - P - P - P -

Freq Resp. Time P - - - P - P - P - P -

ROCOF Resp. Time P - - - P - P - P - P -
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

9

1.7 PMU F performance overview

PMU F is a prototype PMU and is not yet commercially available.

Table 13: PMU F TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P I P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P I P P F P P F P P P

SS Harmonic P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

SS OOB Interf. P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

SS Magnitude P P - - - - P I - - - - P I - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - -

Dyn Ramp P P F P P P P P P P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P

Dyn Phase Mod P P F P P P P P F P P P I P F P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Ampl Mod P P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Table 14: PMU F response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P I P P P F P F P F P F

ROCOF Resp. Time P F P I P F P F P F P F

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P F P I P I P F

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P F P P P P F
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

10

1.8 PMU G performance overview

PMU G is a commercially available PMU. PMU G does not support P class. PMU G ROCOF measurements are always equal to 0.

Table 15: PMU G TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - I P P - - - F P P - - - - - - - - -

SS Harmonic I P P - - - I P P - - - I P P - - - I P P - - - P P P - - - - - - - - -

SS OOB Interf. F F P - - - F F P - - - F F P - - - F F P - - - F F P - - - - - - - - -

SS Magnitude F - - - - - F - - - - - F - - - - - F - - - - - P - - - - - - - - - - -

Dyn Ramp F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - - - - - - -

Dyn Phase Mod F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F P - - - - - - - - -

Dyn Combi Mod F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F P - - - - - - - - -

Table 16: PMU G response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time F - P - P - F - F - - -

Phasor Delay Time P - P - P - P - P - - -

Phasor Overshoot F - F - F - F - F - - -

Freq Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - - -

ROCOF Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - - -

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P - P - P - F - F - - -

Phasor Delay Time P - P - P - P - P - - -

Magnitude Overshoot F - F - F - P - F - - -

Freq Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - - -

ROCOF Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - - -
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

11

1.9 PMU H performance overview

PMU H is a prototype PMU and is not yet commercially available.

Table 17: PMU H TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

SS Harmonic P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

SS OOB Interf. P P - - - - P P P - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

Dyn Ramp P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Phase Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Ampl Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Table 18: PMU H response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

12

1.10 PMU I performance overview

PMI I is a commercially available PMU. PMU I does not support P class.

Table 19: PMU I TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - P P F - - - P P - - -

SS Harmonic F P - - - - F I - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

SS OOB Interf. P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - -

Dyn Ramp F F P - - - F F P - - - F F P - - - F F F - - - P F P - - - P F F - - -

Dyn Phase Mod F I I - - - F I I - - - F I I - - - F I I - - - F P I - - - P P P - - -

Dyn Combi Mod F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - P P P - - -

Table 20: PMU I response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - P -

Phasor Delay Time P - P - P - P - P - P -

Phasor Overshoot P - P - P - P - P - P -

Freq Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - P -

ROCOF Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - F -

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - P -

Phasor Delay Time P - P - P - P - P - P -

Magnitude Overshoot P - P - P - P - P - P -

Freq Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - P -

ROCOF Resp. Time P - P - P - P - P - P -
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

13

1.11 PMU J performance overview

PMU J is a prototype PMU and is not yet commercially available.

Table 21: PMU J TVE, FE, RFE pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

SS Freq. Range P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

SS Harmonic P P P P P P P P P P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

SS OOB Interf. - - - - - - - - - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

SS Magnitude P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

Dyn Ramp P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Phase Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dyn Combi Mod P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Table 22: PMU J response time, delay time and overshoot pass/fail

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Phase Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude 

Step

Phasor Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Phasor Delay Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

Magnitude Overshoot P P P P P P P P P P P P

Freq Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P

ROCOF Resp. Time P P P P P P P P P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

14

2. Steady state frequency range

2. Steady state frequency range..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

2.1 Steady state frequency range test voltage TVE......................................................................................................................................................................... 20

2.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range voltage TVE:, M class................................................................................................................................................... 20

2.1.2 PMU A steady state frequency range voltage TVE, M class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 21

2.1.3 PMU B steady state frequency range voltage TVE:, M class ...................................................................................................................................................................... 22

2.1.4 PMU C steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23

2.1.5 PMU D steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class....................................................................................................................................................................... 24

2.1.6 PMU E steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................................ 25

2.1.7 PMU F steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................................ 26

2.1.8 PMU G steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class....................................................................................................................................................................... 27

2.1.9 PMU H steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class....................................................................................................................................................................... 28

2.1.10 PMU I steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class....................................................................................................................................................................... 29

2.1.11 PMU J steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class ...................................................................................................................................................................... 30

2.2 Steady state frequency range current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 31

2.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................... 31

2.2.2 PMU A steady state frequency range current TVE: M class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 32

2.2.3 PMU B steady state frequency range current TVE: M class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 33

2.2.4 PMU C steady state frequency range current TVE:, M class ...................................................................................................................................................................... 34

2.2.5 PMU D steady state frequency range current TVE: M class....................................................................................................................................................................... 35

2.2.6 PMU E steady state frequency range current TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................................ 36

2.2.7 PMU F steady state frequency range current TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................................ 37

2.2.8 PMU G steady state frequency range current TVE: M class....................................................................................................................................................................... 38

2.2.9 PMU H steady state frequency range current TVE: M class....................................................................................................................................................................... 39

2.2.10 PMU I steady state frequency range current TVE: M class....................................................................................................................................................................... 40

2.2.11 PMU J steady state frequency range current TVE: M class ...................................................................................................................................................................... 41

2.3 Steady state frequency range frequency error: M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 42

2.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range frequency error: M class.............................................................................................................................................. 42

2.3.2 PMU A steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 43

2.3.3 PMU B steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 44

2.3.4 PMU C steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 45

2.3.5 PMU D steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 46

2.3.6 PMU E steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 47

2.3.7 PMU F steady state frequency range frequency error: M class ................................................................................................................................................................. 48

2.3.8 PMU G steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 49

2.3.9 PMU H steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 50

2.3.10 PMU I steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 51

2.3.11 PMU J steady state frequency range frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 52

2.4 Steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class ................................................................................................................................................................ 53

2.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................... 53

2.4.2 PMU A steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 54
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

15

2.4.3 PMU B steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 55

2.4.4 PMU C steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 56

2.4.5 PMU D steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 57

2.4.6 PMU E steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 58

2.4.7 PMU F steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class ...................................................................................................................................................................... 59

2.4.8 PMU G* steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class.................................................................................................................................................................... 60

2.4.9 PMU H steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 61

2.4.10 PMU I steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class..................................................................................................................................................................... 62

2.4.11 PMU J steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class..................................................................................................................................................................... 63

2.5 Steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 64

2.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class ..................................................................................................................................................... 64

2.5.2 PMU A steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 65

2.5.3 PMU B steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 66

2.5.4 PMU C steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 67

2.5.5 PMU D steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................................................................ 68

2.5.6 PMU E steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 68

2.5.7 PMU F steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 69

2.5.8 PMU G steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................................................................ 69

2.5.9 PMU H steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................................................................ 70

2.5.10 PMU I steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class........................................................................................................................................................................ 70

2.5.11 PMU J steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class........................................................................................................................................................................ 71

2.6 Steady state frequency range current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 72

2.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range current TVE: P class ..................................................................................................................................................... 72

2.6.2 PMU A steady state frequency range current TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 73

2.6.3 PMU B steady state frequency range current TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 74

2.6.4 PMU C steady state frequency range current TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 75

2.6.5 PMU D steady state frequency range current TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................................................................ 76

2.6.6 PMU E steady state frequency range current TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 76

2.6.7 PMU F steady state frequency range current TVE: P class......................................................................................................................................................................... 77

2.6.8 PMU G steady state frequency range current TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................................................................ 77

2.6.9 PMU H steady state frequency range current TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................................................................ 78

2.6.10 PMU I steady state frequency range current TVE: P class........................................................................................................................................................................ 78

2.6.11 PMU J steady state frequency range current TVE: P class........................................................................................................................................................................ 79

2.7 Steady state frequency range frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................. 80

2.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range frequency error:, F0 = 60 Hz, P class............................................................................................................................ 80

2.7.2 PMU A steady state frequency range frequency error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................. 81

2.7.3 PMU B steady state frequency range frequency error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................. 82

2.7.4 PMU C steady state frequency range frequency error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................. 83

2.7.5 PMU D steady state frequency range frequency error: P class................................................................................................................................................................. 84

2.7.6 PMU E steady state frequency range frequency error: P class.................................................................................................................................................................. 84

2.7.7 PMU F steady state frequency range frequency error: P class.................................................................................................................................................................. 85

2.7.8 PMU G steady state frequency range frequency error: P class................................................................................................................................................................. 85

2.7.9 PMU H steady state frequency range frequency error: P class................................................................................................................................................................. 86
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106 

16

2.7.10 PMU I steady state frequency range frequency error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................ 86

2.7.11 PMU J steady state frequency range frequency error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................ 87

2.8 Steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class .................................................................................................................................................................. 88

2.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class .................................................................................................................................................... 88

2.8.2 PMU A steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 89

2.8.3 PMU B steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 90

2.8.4 PMU C steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 91

2.8.5 PMU D steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 92

2.8.6 PMU E steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 92

2.8.7 PMU F steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class........................................................................................................................................................................ 93

2.8.8 PMU G steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class ....................................................................................................................................................................... 93

2.8.9 PMU H steady state frequency range ROCOF error:, P class ...................................................................................................................................................................... 94

2.8.10 PMU I steady state frequency range ROCOF error:, P class ..................................................................................................................................................................... 94

2.8.11 PMU J steady state frequency range ROCOF error:, P class ..................................................................................................................................................................... 95
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17

The steady state frequency range is tested by a series of individual steady state tests where the input signal magnitude and frequency are fixed for duration of 

5 seconds. During this period, the total vector error (TVE), frequency error (FE) and rate of change of frequency error (RFE) are measured. A series of individual 

tests are run at 0.1 Hz increments across the signal frequency range which is determined by the PMU’s reporting rate (Fs) given in frames per second (FPS) and 

class. The maximum TVE, FE and RFE of all the test runs is compared against the limits for TVE, FE and RFE to determine if the unit passes or fails the test.

a) Apply input signals at nominal magnitude at the frequency range limit: nominal frequency minus the lesser of Fs /5 or 5 Hz.

b) Wait for the system to settle.

c) Capture the PMU output for 5 s. 

d) Calculate the errors: ME, PE, FE and RFE for each report.

e) Calculate the Max TVE, FE and RFE.

f) Increase the frequency by 0.1 Hz.

g) Repeat step b) through step g) until the upper frequency range limit is reached.

For M class:

 signal frequency range is ± Fs/5 Hz for 10 ≤ Fs ≤ 25 FPS and ± 5 Hz for Fs > 25 FPS.

 TVE limit is 1%

 FE limit is 0.005 Hz

 RFE limit is 0.1 Hz/s

For P class:

 signal frequency range is ± 2 Hz

 TVE limit is 1%

 FE limit is .005 Hz

 RFE limit is 0.4 Hz/s

To illustrate an example of one PMU’s response to one test run, the below plots of maximum TVE, FE and RFE are shown from a single test run on PMU E at Fs = 

30 FPS at 63.3 Hz input frequency:
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18

Figure 1: voltage TVE for one input frequency Figure 2:frequency error for one input frequency Figure 3: ROCOF error for one input frequency

The plots in the body of this section are made from maximum values of TVE, FE and RFE from each test run. The tests are run at 0.1 Hz intervals across the 

signal frequency range. The x-axis shows the test input signal frequency and the Y axis shows the maximum value for each tests. Red lines show the limits. The 

y-axis of the frequency error and ROCOF error plots show the maximum and minimum errors reached over all test runs. The FE and RFE limits for both the 

positive and negative errors are shown as red horizontal lines. An arrow shows the maximum value data point from the above example at 63.3 Hz.

Figure 4: voltage TVE for frequency range tests from 55 

Hz to 65 Hz at 0.1 Hz increments

Figure 5: frequency error for frequency range tests from 

55 Hz to 65 Hz at 0.1 Hz increments

Figure 6: ROCOF error for frequency range tests from 55 

Hz to 65 Hz at 0.1 Hz increments

For Frequency and ROCOF error, graphing the maximum and minimum errors along with positive and negative limit lines allows us to see if the error is 

symmetrical or has a mean offset from 0 and whether the offset is positive or negative; this is important for frequency ramp and modulation tests to be shown 

later in this report. C37.118.1-2011 specifies that frequency and ROCOF errors be expressed as absolute numbers, meaning that the absolute value of FE and 

RFE shall not exceed a single limit. However showing the maximum and minimum errors and limits can provide useful information as explained above.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 5

TVE (%)

time (s)

voltage TVE

VPhaseC

_TVE

VPhaseB

_TVE

VPhaseA

_TVE

VPosSeq

_TVE

TVE_Limi

t

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

time (s)

frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit

(pos)

Fe_Limit

(neg)

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

time (s)

ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit

(pos)

RFe_Limit

(neg)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

Input Frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Fe_Limit

(pos)

Fe_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

5556575859606162636465

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Input Frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

19

Steady state frequency range test results

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P F P F F P P F P F F P P F P F F P P F P F F P P F P F F P F F P F F

PMU B P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU C P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P F F

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P P P - - - - - - - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - -

PMU F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P P

PMU G* P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - I P P - - - F P P - - - - - - - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - P P P - - - P P F - - - P P P - - -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

P = pass (measurement is within the limit), F = fail (measurement is outside the limit), I = indeterminate (measurement is within the test system uncertainty of 

the limit)

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0.
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

20

2.1 Steady state frequency range test voltage TVE

2.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range voltage TVE:, M class

Figure 7: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 8: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 9: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 10: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 11: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 12: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

21

2.1.2 PMU A steady state frequency range voltage TVE, M class

Figure 13: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 14: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 15: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 16: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 17: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 18: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

22

2.1.3 PMU B steady state frequency range voltage TVE:, M class

Figure 19: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 20: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 21: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 22: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 23: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 24: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 60 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

23

2.1.4 PMU C steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class

Figure 25: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 26: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 27: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 28: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 29: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 30: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

24

2.1.5 PMU D steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class

Figure 31: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 32: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 33: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 34: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 35: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 36: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

25

2.1.6 PMU E steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class

Figure 37: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 38: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 39: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 40: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 41: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 42: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

26

2.1.7 PMU F steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class

Figure 43: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 44: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 45: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 46: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 47: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 48: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

27

2.1.8 PMU G steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class

Figure 49: Fs = 60 FPS not supported by this PMU

Figure 50: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 51: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 52: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 53: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 54: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 57 58 59 60 61 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

28

2.1.9 PMU H steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class

Figure 55: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 56: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 57: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 58: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 59: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 60: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

29

2.1.10 PMU I steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class

Figure 61: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 62: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 63: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 64: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 65: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 66: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

30

2.1.11 PMU J steady state frequency range voltage TVE: M class

Figure 67: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 68: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 69: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 70: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 71: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 72: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

31

2.2 Steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

2.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 73: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 74: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 75: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 76: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 77: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 78: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

32

2.2.2 PMU A steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 79: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 80: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 81: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 82: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 83: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 84: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

MaxTVE_

I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

MaxTVE_

I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

MaxTVE_

I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

MaxTVE_

I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

MaxTVE_

I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

MaxTVE_

I+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

33

2.2.3 PMU B steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 85: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 86: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 87: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 88: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 89: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 90: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

34

2.2.4 PMU C steady state frequency range current TVE:, M class

Figure 91: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 92: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 93: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 94: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 95: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 96: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

35

2.2.5 PMU D steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 97: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 98: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 99: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 100: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 101: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 102: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

36

2.2.6 PMU E steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 103: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 104: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 105: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 106: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 107: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 108: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

37

2.2.7 PMU F steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 109: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 110: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 111: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 112: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 113: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 114: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

38

2.2.8 PMU G steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 115: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 116: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 117: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 118: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 119: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 120: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

TVE_Limi

t

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55565757585960616162636465

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

39

2.2.9 PMU H steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 121: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 122: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 123: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 124: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 125: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 126: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

40

2.2.10 PMU I steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 127: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 128: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 129: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 130: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 131: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 132: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

41

2.2.11 PMU J steady state frequency range current TVE: M class

Figure 133: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 134: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 135: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 136: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 137: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 138: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

42

2.3 Steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

2.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 139: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 140: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 141: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 142; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 143: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 144: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

43

2.3.2 PMU A steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 145: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 146: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 147: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 148: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 149: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

5556575859606162636465

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE -0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

5556575859606162636465

Frequency Error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

Frequency Error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

5556575859606162636465

Frequency Error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

44

2.3.3 PMU B steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 150: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 151: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 152: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 153; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 154: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 155: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

5556575859606162636465

Frequency Error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit (pos)

FE_Limit (neg)
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

45

2.3.4 PMU C steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 156: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 157: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 158: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 159; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 160: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 161: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

46

2.3.5 PMU D steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 162: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 163: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 164: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 165; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 166: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 167: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

47

2.3.6 PMU E steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 168: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 169: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 170: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 171; Fs = 15 FPS

Figure 172: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 173: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

48

2.3.7 PMU F steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 174: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 175: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 176: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 177; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 178: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 179: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

49

2.3.8 PMU G steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 180: Fs = 60 FPS not supported by this 

PMU

Figure 181: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 182: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 183; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 184: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 185: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Fe_Limit

(pos)

Fe_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Fe_Limit

(pos)

Fe_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Fe_Limit

(pos)

Fe_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Fe_Limit

(pos)

Fe_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Fe_Limit

(pos)

Fe_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

50

2.3.9 PMU H steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 186: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 187: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 188: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 189; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 190: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 191: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

51

2.3.10 PMU I steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 192: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 193: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 194: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 195; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 196: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 197: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

52

2.3.11 PMU J steady state frequency range frequency error: M class

Figure 198: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 199: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 200: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 201; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 202: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 203: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

53

2.4 Steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

2.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 204: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 205: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 206: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 207: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 208: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 209: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

54

2.4.2 PMU A steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 210: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 211: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 212: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 213: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 214: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 215: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

55

2.4.3 PMU B steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 216: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 217: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 218: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 219: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 220: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF Error (Hz)

Input Frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limi

t (pos)

RFE_Limi

t (neg)

Min_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF Error (Hz)

Input Frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF Error (Hz/s)

Input Frequency (Hz)

ROCOF Error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

56

2.4.4 PMU C steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 221: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 222: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 223: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 224: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 225: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 226: Fs = 10 FPS

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

57

2.4.5 PMU D steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 227: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 228: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 229: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 230: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 231: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 232: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

58

2.4.6 PMU E steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 233: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 234: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 235: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 236: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 237: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 238: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

59

2.4.7 PMU F steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 239: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 240: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 241: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 242: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 243: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 244: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

60

2.4.8 PMU G* steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 245: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 246: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 247: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 248: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 249: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 250: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

5556575859606162636465

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

5556575859606162636465

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

61

2.4.9 PMU H steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 251: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 252: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 253: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 254: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 255: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 256: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

62

2.4.10 PMU I steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 257: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 258: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 259: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 260: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 261: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 262: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

63

2.4.11 PMU J steady state frequency range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 263: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 264: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 265: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 266: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 267: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 268: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

64

2.5 Steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

2.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

Figure 269: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 270: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 271: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 272: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 273: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 274: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

65

2.5.2 PMU A steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

Figure 275: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 276: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 277: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 278: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 279: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 280: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

66

2.5.3 PMU B steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

Figure 281: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 282: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 283: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 284: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 285: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 286: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

67

2.5.4 PMU C steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

Figure 287: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 288: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 289: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 290: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 291: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 292: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

68

2.5.5 PMU D steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

Figure 293: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 294: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 295: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 296: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 297: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 298: Fs = 10 FPS

2.5.6 PMU E steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

This PMU does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

69

2.5.7 PMU F steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

Figure 299: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 300: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 301: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 302: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 303: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 304: Fs = 10 FPS

2.5.8 PMU G steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

This PMU does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

70

2.5.9 PMU H steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

Figure 305: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 306: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 307: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 308: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 309: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 310: Fs = 10 FPS

2.5.10 PMU I steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

71

2.5.11 PMU J steady state frequency range voltage TVE: P class

Figure 311: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 312: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 313: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 314: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 315: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 316: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

72

2.6 Steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

2.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

Figure 317: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 318: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 319: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 320: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 321: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 322: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

73

2.6.2 PMU A steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

Figure 323: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 324: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 325: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 326: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 327: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 328: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

74

2.6.3 PMU B steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

Figure 329: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 330: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 331: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 332: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 333: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 334: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

75

2.6.4 PMU C steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

Figure 335: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 336: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 337: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 338: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 339: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 340: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

76

2.6.5 PMU D steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

Figure 341: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 342: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 343: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 344: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 345: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 346: Fs = 10 FPS

2.6.6 PMU E steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

This PMU does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58.0 59.0 60.0 61.0 62.0

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

77

2.6.7 PMU F steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

Figure 347: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 348: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 349: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 350: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 351: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 352: Fs = 10 FPS

2.6.8 PMU G steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

This PMU does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

78

2.6.9 PMU H steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

Figure 353: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 354: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 355: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 356: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 357: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 358: Fs = 10 FPS

2.6.10 PMU I steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

79

2.6.11 PMU J steady state frequency range current TVE: P class

Figure 359: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 360: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 361: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 362: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 363: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 364: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

58 59 60 61 62

TVE (%)

input frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

80

2.7 Steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

2.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range frequency error:, F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 365: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 366: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 367: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 368: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 369: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 370: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

81

2.7.2 PMU A steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

Figure 371: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 372: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 373: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 374: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 375: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 376: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

82

2.7.3 PMU B steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

Figure 377: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 378: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 379: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 380: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 381: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 382: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

83

2.7.4 PMU C steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

Figure 383: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 384: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 385: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 386: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 387: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 388: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

-2E-18

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

-2E-18

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

-2E-18

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

-2E-18

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

-2E-18

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

-2E-18

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

84

2.7.5 PMU D steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

Figure 389: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 390: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 391: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 392: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 393: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 394: Fs = 10 FPS

2.7.6 PMU E steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

This PMU does not support P class

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

85

2.7.7 PMU F steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

Figure 395: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 396: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 397: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 398: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 399: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 400: Fs = 10 FPS

2.7.8 PMU G steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

This PMU does not support P class

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

86

2.7.9 PMU H steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

Figure 401: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 402: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 403: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 404: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 405: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 406: Fs = 10 FPS

2.7.10 PMU I steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

87

2.7.11 PMU J steady state frequency range frequency error: P class

Figure 407: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 408: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 409: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 410: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 411: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 412: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

58 59 60 61 62

frequency error (Hz)

input frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

88

2.8 Steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

2.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

Figure 413: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 414: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 415: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 416: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 417: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 418: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

89

2.8.2 PMU A steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

Figure 419: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 420: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 421: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 422: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 423: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 424: Fs = 10 FPS

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

90

2.8.3 PMU B steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

Figure 425: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 426: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 427: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 428: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 429: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 430: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

91

2.8.4 PMU C steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

Figure 431: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 432: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 433: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 434: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 435: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 436: Fs = 10 FPS

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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92

2.8.5 PMU D steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

Figure 437: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 438: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 439: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 440: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 441: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 442: Fs = 10 FPS

2.8.6 PMU E steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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93

2.8.7 PMU F steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

Figure 443: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 444: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 445: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 446: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 447: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 448: Fs = 10 FPS

2.8.8 PMU G steady state frequency range ROCOF error: P class

PMU G does not support P class

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-10

0

10

20

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-10

0

10

20

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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94

2.8.9 PMU H steady state frequency range ROCOF error:, P class

Figure 449: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 450: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 451: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 452: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 453: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 454: Fs = 10 FPS

2.8.10 PMU I steady state frequency range ROCOF error:, P class

PMU I does not support P class

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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95

2.8.11 PMU J steady state frequency range ROCOF error:, P class

Figure 455: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 456: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 457: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 458: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 459: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 460: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

58 59 60 61 62

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

input frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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96

3. Steady state signal magnitude

3. Steady state signal magnitude................................................................................................................................................................................................ 96

3.1 Steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE M class............................................................................................................................................................................ 101

3.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class...............................................................................................................................................................101

3.1.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................102

3.1.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................103

3.1.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................104

3.1.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................105

3.1.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class ..................................................................................................................................................................................106

3.1.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class ..................................................................................................................................................................................107

3.1.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................108

3.1.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................109

3.1.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................110

3.1.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................111

3.2 Steady state signal magnitude current TVE M class............................................................................................................................................................................ 112

3.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class...............................................................................................................................................................112

3.2.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................113

3.2.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................114

3.2.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................115

3.2.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................116

3.2.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class ..................................................................................................................................................................................117

3.2.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class ..................................................................................................................................................................................118

3.2.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................119

3.2.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................................120

3.2.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................121

3.2.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................122

3.3 Steady state signal magnitude frequency error M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 123

3.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class ........................................................................................................................................................123

3.3.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class ...........................................................................................................................................................................124

3.3.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class ...........................................................................................................................................................................125

3.3.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class............................................................................................................................................................................126

3.3.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class...........................................................................................................................................................................127

3.3.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class............................................................................................................................................................................128

3.3.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class............................................................................................................................................................................129

3.3.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class...........................................................................................................................................................................130
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97

3.3.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class...........................................................................................................................................................................131

3.3.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class...........................................................................................................................................................................132

3.3.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class ..........................................................................................................................................................................133

3.4 Steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error M class .......................................................................................................................................................................... 134

3.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class .............................................................................................................................................................134

3.4.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class ................................................................................................................................................................................135

3.4.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................................136

3.4.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class ................................................................................................................................................................................137

3.4.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................................138

3.4.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................139

3.4.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................140

3.4.8 PMU G* steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class..............................................................................................................................................................................141

3.4.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................................142

3.4.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................................143

3.4.11 PMU I steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................................144

3.5 Steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class ............................................................................................................................................................................ 145

3.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................145

3.5.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE:, P class ..................................................................................................................................................................................146

3.5.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class ...................................................................................................................................................................................147

3.5.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class ...................................................................................................................................................................................148

3.5.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class..................................................................................................................................................................................149

3.5.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class....................................................................................................................................................................................149

3.5.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE P class....................................................................................................................................................................................150

3.5.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P clas.....................................................................................................................................................................................150

3.5.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class...................................................................................................................................................................................151

3.5.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class ..................................................................................................................................................................................151

3.5.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class ..................................................................................................................................................................................152

3.6 Steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class............................................................................................................................................................................ 153

3.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................153

3.6.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class...................................................................................................................................................................................154

3.6.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class ...................................................................................................................................................................................155

3.6.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class ...................................................................................................................................................................................156

3.6.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class...................................................................................................................................................................................157

3.6.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class....................................................................................................................................................................................157

3.6.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class....................................................................................................................................................................................158

3.6.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class...................................................................................................................................................................................158

3.6.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class...................................................................................................................................................................................159

3.6.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class ..................................................................................................................................................................................159
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98

3.6.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class..................................................................................................................................................................................160

3.7 Steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class...................................................................................................................................................................... 161

3.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude frequency error:, F0 = 60 Hz, P class......................................................................................................................................161

3.7.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................................162

3.7.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................................163

3.7.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................................164

3.7.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................................165

3.7.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................................165

3.7.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class ............................................................................................................................................................................166

3.7.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................................166

3.7.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................................167

3.7.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class...........................................................................................................................................................................167

3.7.11 PMU I steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class...........................................................................................................................................................................168

3.8 Steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class........................................................................................................................................................................... 169

3.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error:, F0 = 60 Hz, P class...........................................................................................................................................169

3.8.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class..................................................................................................................................................................................170

3.8.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class..................................................................................................................................................................................171

3.8.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class..................................................................................................................................................................................172

3.8.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class .................................................................................................................................................................................173

3.8.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class..................................................................................................................................................................................173

3.8.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class..................................................................................................................................................................................174

3.8.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class .................................................................................................................................................................................174

3.8.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class .................................................................................................................................................................................175

3.8.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class.................................................................................................................................................................................175

3.8.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class.................................................................................................................................................................................176
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99

Reference 5.5.5 of IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011 and C37.118.1a-2014 

The steady state signal magnitude is tested by a series of individual steady state tests where the input signal magnitude and frequency is fixed for duration of 5 

seconds. Total Vector Error (TVE), Frequency Error (FE) and Rate of Change of Frequency Error (RFE) are measured. 

A series of individual tests are run at 10% signal magnitude increments across the C37.118.1-2011 required magnitude ranges determined by the PMU class:

 The magnitude range for M class begins at 10% of nominal input magnitude and ends at 120% nominal voltage magnitude and 200% nominal current 

magnitude.

 The magnitude range for P class begins at 80% of nominal input magnitude and ends at 120% nominal voltage magnitude and 200% nominal current 

magnitude.

The maximum TVE of all the test runs is shown along with the limit for TVE to determine if the unit passes or fails the test. There is no limit for FE or RFE but the results 

are plotted in this report.

Test plan:

For both current and voltage input ranges, apply steady state, nominal frequency, balanced three-phase inputs. 

a) Begin at the low magnitude limits:

 P class: voltage = 80% of nominal, current = 10% of nominal.

 M class: voltage = 10% of nominal, current = 10% of nominal.

b) Wait for the system to settle.

c) Capture the PMU output for 5 seconds. 

d) Calculate the errors: TVE, FE, RFE for each report.

e) Calculate the Max TVE. 

f) Increase the input magnitudes by 10% of the nominal value (not a percentage of the actual value).

g) Repeat step b) through step f) until the upper magnitude limits are reached: 120% of nominal voltage, 200% of nominal current (P and M class).
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100

Steady state signal magnitude test results

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

C37.118.1 Annex C P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

PMU A P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

PMU B P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

PMU C P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

PMU D P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

PMU E P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - F - - - - -

PMU F P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

PMU G F - - - - - F - - - - - F - - - - - F - - - - - F - - - - - - - - - - -

PMU H P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

PMU I P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - - P - - - - -

PMI J P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - - P - -

P = pass (results are within the limits), F = fail (results are outside the limits), I = indeterminate (results are within the test instrument's uncertainty of the limits)

Dash (-) indicates that there is no performance limit for frequency and ROCOF tests.

The PMU standard does not specify performance limits for frequency and ROCOF error. In the table above, this is specified as a dash (-). Frequency and ROCOF is 

plotted below for information purposes. There are no limit lines shown.
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101

3.1 Steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE M class

3.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 461: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 462: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 463: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 464: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 465: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 466: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
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102

3.1.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 467: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 468: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 469: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 470: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 471: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 472: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
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103

3.1.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 473: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 474: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 475: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 476: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 477: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 478: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
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104

3.1.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 479: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 480: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 481: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 482: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 483: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 484: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

TVE_Limit
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105

3.1.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 485: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 486: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 487: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 488: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 489: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 490: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

106

3.1.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 491: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 492: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 493: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 494: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 495: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 496: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

107

3.1.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 497: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 498: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 499: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 500: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 501: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 502: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

108

3.1.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 503: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 504: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 505: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 506: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 507: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 508: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

109

3.1.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 509: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 510: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 511: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 512: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 513: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 514: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+ 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+ 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

110

3.1.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 515: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 516: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 517: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 518: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 519: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 520: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

111

3.1.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: M class

Figure 521: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 522: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 523: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 524: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 525: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 526: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

112

3.2 Steady state signal magnitude current TVE M class

3.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 527: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 528: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 529: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 530: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 531: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 532: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

113

3.2.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 533: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 534: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 535: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 536: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 537: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 538: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit
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114

3.2.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 539: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 540: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 541: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 542: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 543: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 544: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit
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115

3.2.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 545: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 546: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 547: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 548: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 549: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 550: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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116

3.2.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 551: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 552: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 553: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 554: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 555: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 556: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA
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117

3.2.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 557: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 558: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 559: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 560: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 561: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 562: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit
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118

3.2.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 563: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 564: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 565: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 566: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 567: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 568: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit
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119

3.2.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 569: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 570: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 571: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 572: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 573: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 574: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA
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120

3.2.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 575: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 576: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 577: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 578: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 579: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 580: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

MaxTVE_

I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA

MaxTVE

_I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA

MaxTVE

_I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE

_IC

MaxTVE

_IB

MaxTVE

_IA

MaxTVE

_I+
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121

3.2.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 581: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 582: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 583: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 584: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 585: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 586: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_

IC

MaxTVE_

IB

MaxTVE_

IA

MaxTVE_

I+

TVE_Limi

t

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

TVE (%)

Input Frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit
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122

3.2.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude current TVE: M class

Figure 587: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 588: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 589: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 590: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 591: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 592: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I

+

TVE_Limit
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123

3.3 Steady state signal magnitude frequency error M class

No performance limits are shown in the plots below because the steady state magnitude range tests do not require frequency error to meet performance limits

3.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 593: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 594: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 595: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 596; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 597: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 598: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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124

3.3.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 599: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 600: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 601: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 602; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 603: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 604: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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125

3.3.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 605: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 606: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 607: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 608; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 609: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 610: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0015

-0.0010

-0.0005

0.0000

0.0005

0.0010

0.0015

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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126

3.3.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 611: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 612: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 613: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 614; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 615: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 616: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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127

3.3.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 617: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 618: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 619: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 620; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 621: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 622: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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128

3.3.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 623: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 624: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 625: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 626; Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 627: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 628: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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129

3.3.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 629: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 630: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 631: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 632; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 633: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 634: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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130

3.3.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 635: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 636: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 637: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 638; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 639: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 640: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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131

3.3.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 641: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 642: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 643: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 644; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 645: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 646: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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132

3.3.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 647: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 648: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 649: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 650; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 651: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 652: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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133

3.3.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude frequency error: M class

Figure 653: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 654: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 655: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 656; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 657: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 658: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.0025

-0.0015

-0.0005

0.0005

0.0015

0.0025

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0025

-0.0015

-0.0005

0.0005

0.0015

0.0025

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0025

-0.0015

-0.0005

0.0005

0.0015

0.0025

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0025

-0.0015

-0.0005

0.0005

0.0015

0.0025

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0025

-0.0015

-0.0005

0.0005

0.0015

0.0025

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0025

-0.0015

-0.0005

0.0005

0.0015

0.0025

0 50 100 150 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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134

3.4 Steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error M class

No limits are shown in the plots below because the steady state magnitude range tests do not require ROCOF error to meet performance limits

3.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 659: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 660: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 661: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 662: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 663: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 664: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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135

3.4.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 665: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 666: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 667: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 668: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 669: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 670: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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136

3.4.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 671: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 672: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 673: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 674: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 675: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 676: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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137

3.4.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 677: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 678: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 679: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 680: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 681: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 682: Fs = 10 FPS

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 50 100 150 200

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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138

3.4.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 683: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 684: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 685: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 686: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 687: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 688: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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139

3.4.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 689: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 690: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 691: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 692: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 693: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 694: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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140

3.4.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 695: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 696: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 697: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 698: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 699: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 700: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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141

3.4.8 PMU G* steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 701: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 702: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 703: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 704: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 705: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 706: Fs = 10 FPS

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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142

3.4.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 707: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 708: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 709: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 710: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 711: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 712: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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143

3.4.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 713: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 714: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 715: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 716: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 717: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 718: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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144

3.4.11 PMU I steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: M class

Figure 719: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 720: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 721: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 722: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 723: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 724: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0 50 100 150 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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145

3.5 Steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

3.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

Figure 725: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 726: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 727: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 728: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 729: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 730: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

TVE_Limit
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146

3.5.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE:, P class

Figure 731: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 732: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 733: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 734: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 735: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 736: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limi

t

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
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147

3.5.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

Figure 737: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 738: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 739: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 740: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 741: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 742: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
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148

3.5.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

Figure 743: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 744: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 745: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 746: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 747: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 748: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limi

t

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
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149

3.5.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

Figure 749: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 750: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 751: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 752: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 753: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 754: Fs = 10 FPS

3.5.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

PMU E does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+
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150

3.5.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE P class

Figure 755: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 756: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 757: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 758: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 759: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 760: Fs = 10 FPS

3.5.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

PMU G does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
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151

3.5.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

Figure 761: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 762: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 763: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 764: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 765: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 766: Fs = 10 FPS

3.5.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P Class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE

_VC

MaxTVE

_VB

MaxTVE

_VA

MaxTVE

_V+
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152

3.5.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude voltage TVE: P class

Figure 767: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 768: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 769: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 770: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 771: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 772: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_

VC

MaxTVE_

VB

MaxTVE_

VA

MaxTVE_

V+

TVE_Limit
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3.6 Steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

3.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

Figure 773: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 774: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 775: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 776: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 777: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 778: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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3.6.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

Figure 779: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 780: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 781: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 782: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 783: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 784: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 130 180

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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3.6.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

Figure 785: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 786: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 787: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 788: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 789: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 790: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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3.6.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

Figure 791: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 792: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 793: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 794: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 795: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 796: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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3.6.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

Figure 797: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 798: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 799: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 800: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 801: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 802: Fs = 10 FPS

3.6.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

PMU E does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA
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158

3.6.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

Figure 803: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 804: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 805: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 806: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 807: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 808: Fs = 10 FPS

3.6.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

PMU G does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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3.6.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

Figure 809: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 810: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 811: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 812: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 813: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 814: Fs = 10 FPS

3.6.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+
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160

3.6.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude current TVE: P class

Figure 815: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 816: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 817: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 818: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 819: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 820: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 130 180

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_I

A

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 100 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Current TVE 

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

80 90 100 110 120

TVE (%) 

Magnitude (% of nominal) 

Magnitude Range Voltage TVE 

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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161

3.7 Steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

No performance limits are shown in the plots below because the steady state magnitude range tests do not require frequency error to meet performance limits

3.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude frequency error:, F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 821: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 822: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 823: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 824; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 825: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 826: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.01

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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162

3.7.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

Figure 827: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 828: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 829: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 830: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 831: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 832: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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3.7.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

Figure 833: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 834: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 835: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 836: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 837: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 838: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.0004

-0.0002

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0004

-0.0002

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0004

-0.0002

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0004

-0.0002

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0004

-0.0002

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0004

-0.0002

0.0000

0.0002

0.0004

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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164

3.7.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

Figure 839: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 840: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 841: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 842; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 843: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 844: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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165

3.7.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

Figure 845: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 846: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 847: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 848: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 849: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 850: Fs = 10 FPS

3.7.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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166

3.7.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

Figure 851: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 852: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 853: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 854: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 855: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 856: Fs = 10 FPS

3.7.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

PMU G does not support P class

-0.0025

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0025

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0025

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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167

3.7.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

Figure 857: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 858: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 859: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 860; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 861: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 862: Fs = 10 FPS

3.7.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-0.0003

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0.0003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0003

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0.0003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0003

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0.0003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0003

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0.0003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0003

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0.0003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.0003

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0.0003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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168

3.7.11 PMU I steady state signal magnitude frequency error: P class

Figure 863: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 864: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 865: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 866: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 867: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 868: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

80 130 180

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

80 130 180

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

80 130 180

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

80 130 180

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range Frequency Error 

Min_FE

Max_FE
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169

3.8 Steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

No performance limits are shown in the plots below because the steady state magnitude range tests do not require frequency error to meet performance limits

3.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error:, F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 869: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 870: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 871: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 872: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 873: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 874: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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170

3.8.2 PMU A steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

Figure 875: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 876: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 877: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 878: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 879: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 880: Fs = 10 FPS

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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171

3.8.3 PMU B steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

Figure 881: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 882: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 883: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 884: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 885: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 886: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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172

3.8.4 PMU C steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

Figure 887: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 888: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 889: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 890: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 891: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 892: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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173

3.8.5 PMU D steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

Figure 893: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 894: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 895: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 896: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 897: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 898: Fs = 10 FPS

3.8.6 PMU E steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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174

3.8.7 PMU F steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

Figure 899: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 900: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 901: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 902: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 903: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 904: Fs = 10 FPS

3.8.8 PMU G steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

PMU G does not support P class

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Frequency error (Hz)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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175

3.8.9 PMU H steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

Figure 905: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 906: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 907: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 908: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 909: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 910: Fs = 10 FPS

3.8.10 PMU I steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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176

3.8.11 PMU J steady state signal magnitude ROCOF error: P class

Figure 911: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 912: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 913: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 914: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 915: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 916: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

80 130 180

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

80 100 120 140 160 180 200

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

80 130 180

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

80 130 180

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

80 130 180

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

Magnitude (% of nominal)

Magnitude Range ROCOF Error 

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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177

4. Steady state harmonic distortion

Table of Contents

4. Steady state harmonic distortion................................................................................................................................................................................177

4.1 Steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: F0 = 60 Hz, M Class..........................................................................................................................................182

4.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range voltage TVE:, F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................................. 182

4.1.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: class...................................................................................................................................................................... 183

4.1.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 184

4.1.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 185

4.1.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................. 186

4.1.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 187

4.1.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 188

4.1.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................. 189

4.1.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................. 190

4.1.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 191

4.1.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 192

4.2 Steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class.............................................................................................................................................................193

4.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class .............................................................................................................................................. 193

4.2.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................. 194

4.2.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 195

4.2.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 196

4.2.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................. 197

4.2.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 198

4.2.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................. 199

4.2.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................. 200

4.2.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................. 201

4.2.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................. 202

4.2.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................ 203

4.3 Steady state frequency harmonic distortion frequency error: M class.....................................................................................................................................204

4.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady harmonic distortion range frequency error: M class....................................................................................................................................... 204

4.3.2 PMU A steady state frequency harmonic distortion error: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 205

4.3.3 PMU B steady state frequency harmonic distortion error: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 206

4.3.4 PMU C steady state frequency harmonic distortion error: M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 207

4.3.5 PMU D steady state frequency harmonic distortion error: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 208

4.3.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 209

4.3.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 210

4.3.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 211
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178

4.3.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 212

4.3.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class .......................................................................................................................................................... 213

4.3.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class.......................................................................................................................................................... 214

4.4 Steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class ...........................................................................................................................................................215

4.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady harmonic distortion range ROCOF error: M class............................................................................................................................................ 215

4.4.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 216

4.4.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 217

4.4.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 218

4.4.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 219

4.4.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class ................................................................................................................................................................ 220

4.4.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class ................................................................................................................................................................ 221

4.4.8 PMU G* steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class.............................................................................................................................................................. 222

4.4.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 223

4.4.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class ............................................................................................................................................................... 224

4.4.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class............................................................................................................................................................... 225

4.5 Steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class ..............................................................................................................................................................226

4.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range voltage TVE:, F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................................. 226

4.5.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 227

4.5.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 228

4.5.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 229

4.5.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 230

4.5.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................................................... 230

4.5.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................................................... 231

4.5.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 231

4.5.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 232

4.5.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class .................................................................................................................................................................. 232

4.5.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class.................................................................................................................................................................. 233

4.6 Steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class..............................................................................................................................................................234

4.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................ 234

4.6.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 235

4.6.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 236

4.6.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 237

4.6.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 238

4.6.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................................................... 238

4.6.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................................................... 239

4.6.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 239

4.6.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................................................... 240

4.6.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class.................................................................................................................................................................. 240

4.6.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class.................................................................................................................................................................. 241

4.7 Steady state frequency harmonic distortion frequency error: P class ......................................................................................................................................242

4.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady harmonic distortion frequency error: P class .................................................................................................................................................. 242
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179

4.7.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class ............................................................................................................................................................ 243

4.7.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class ............................................................................................................................................................ 244

4.7.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................. 245

4.7.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................ 246

4.7.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................. 246

4.7.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................. 247

4.7.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................ 247

4.7.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................ 248

4.7.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class............................................................................................................................................................ 248

4.7.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class ........................................................................................................................................................... 249

4.8 Steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class.............................................................................................................................................................250

4.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class ....................................................................................................................................................... 250

4.8.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................. 251

4.8.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................. 252

4.8.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................. 253

4.8.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class................................................................................................................................................................. 254

4.8.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class.................................................................................................................................................................. 254

4.8.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class.................................................................................................................................................................. 255

4.8.8 PMU G* steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class............................................................................................................................................................... 255

4.8.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class................................................................................................................................................................. 256

4.8.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class................................................................................................................................................................. 256

4.8.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class ................................................................................................................................................................ 257
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180

The steady state response to harmonic distortion is tested by a series of individual steady state tests where the input signal magnitude and frequency is fixed for 

duration of 5 seconds and a single harmonic is added with the magnitude of the harmonic dependent on the PMU class. The maximum TVE, FE and RFE of all the 

test runs is compared against the limits for TVE, FE and RFE to determine if the unit passes or fails the test.

The relative phase of the harmonic is not specified by C37.118.1-2011 or by the amendment C37.118.1a-2014. However the relative phase of the harmonic affects 

the PMU measurement, especially ROCOF, therefore the IEEE Conformance Assessment Program (ICAP) PMU Test Suite Specification requires that the harmonic be 

in-phase with the fundamental signal by crossing zero in the positive-going direction at the same time the fundamental signal crosses zero in the positive-going 

direction. That means the second harmonic will be negative sequence, the third harmonic will be zero sequence and the fourth harmonic will be positive sequence, 

repeating the cycle every three harmonics.

M class limits:

 TVE: 1%

 FE: 

o for Fs > 20 FPS: 0.025 Hz

o for Fs ≤ 20 FPS: 0.005 Hz

 RFE: Limit suspended

P class limits:

 TVE: 1%

 FE: 0.005 Hz

 RFE: 0.4 Hz/s

Test Plan:

a) Apply input signals at nominal magnitude with the addition of one harmonic, starting with the second harmonic, with the magnitude set to the level specified 

by IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011 for Class P or M PMUs:

 1% of nominal magnitude for P class.

 10% of nominal magnitude for M class.

b) Wait for the system to settle. 

c) Capture the PMU output for 5 seconds. 

d) Calculate the errors: ME, PE, FE, RFE for each report.

e) Calculate the Max TVE, FE and RFE. 

f) Change to injecting the next harmonic.

g) Repeat step b) through step f) until all harmonics between 2nd harmonic and 50th harmonic have been tested.
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181

Steady state harmonic distortion test results

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

C37.118.1 Annex C P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

PMU A P P - P P F P P - P P F P P - P P F P P - P P F P P - P P F P P - P P F

PMU B P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

PMU C P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P F F

PMU D P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

PMU E P P - - - - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

PMU F P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

PMU G I P - - - - I P - - - - I P - - - - I P - - - - I P - - - - I P - - - -

PMU H P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

PMU I F P - - - - F I - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

PMU J P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P P P - P P P

P = Pass (does not exceed the limit), F = Fails (exceeds the limit), I = Indeterminate within the test equipment uncertainty of the limit.
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

182

4.1 Steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: F0 = 60 Hz, M Class

4.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range voltage TVE:, F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 1: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 2: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 4: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 5: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 6: Fs = 10 FPS

The C37.118.1 Annex C model is a digital simulation with an internal sampling rate of 960 samples per second and so can only be tested with a harmonic frequency up to 420 Hz.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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183

4.1.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: class

Figure 7: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 8: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 9: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 10: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 11: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 12: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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184

4.1.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 13: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 14: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 15: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 16: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 17: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 18: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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185

4.1.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 19: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 20: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 21: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 22: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 23: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 24: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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186

4.1.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 25: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 26: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 27: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 28: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 29: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 30: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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187

4.1.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 31: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 32: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 33: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 34: Fs = 15 FPS

Data was lost

Figure 35: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 36: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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188

4.1.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 37: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 38: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 39: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 40: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 41: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 42: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

189

4.1.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 43: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 44: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 45: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 46: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 47: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 48: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

190

4.1.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 49: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 50: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 51: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 52: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 53: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 54: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

191

4.1.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 55: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 56: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 57: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 58: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 59: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 60: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

192

4.1.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: M class

Figure 61: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 62: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 63: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 64: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 65: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 66: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

193

4.2 Steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

4.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

The C37.118.1 Annex C model is a digital simulation with an internal sampling rate of 960 samples per second and so can only be tested with a harmonic frequency 

up to 420 Hz.

Figure 67: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 68: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 69: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 70: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 71: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 72: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

194

4.2.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 73: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 74: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 75: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 76: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 77: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 78: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

195

4.2.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 79: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 80: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 81: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 82: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 83: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 84: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

196

4.2.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 85: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 86: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 87: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 88: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 89: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 90: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

197

4.2.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 91: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 92: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 93: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 94: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 95: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 96: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

198

4.2.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 97: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 98: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 99: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 100: Fs = 15 FPS

data was lost

Figure 101: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 102: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

199

4.2.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 103: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 104: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 105: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 106: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 107: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 108: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

200

4.2.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 109: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 110: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 111: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 112: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 113: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 114: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

201

4.2.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 115: Fs = 60 FPS

data was lost

Figure 116: Fs = 30 FPS

data was lost

Figure 117: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 118: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 119: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 120: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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202

4.2.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 121: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 122: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 123: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 124: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 125: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 126: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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203

4.2.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: M class

Figure 127: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 128: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 129: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 130: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 131: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 132: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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204

4.3 Steady state frequency harmonic distortion frequency error: M class

4.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady harmonic distortion range frequency error: M class

Figure 133: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 134: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 135: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 136; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 137: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 138: Fs = 10 FPS

The C37.118.1 Annex C model is a digital simulation with an internal sampling rate of 960 samples per second and so can only be tested with a harmonic frequency up to 420 Hz.

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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205

4.3.2 PMU A steady state frequency harmonic distortion error: M class

Figure 139: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 140: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 141: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 142; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 143: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 144: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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206

4.3.3 PMU B steady state frequency harmonic distortion error: M class

Figure 145: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 146: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 147: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 148; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 149: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 150: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

207

4.3.4 PMU C steady state frequency harmonic distortion error: M class

Figure 151: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 152: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 153: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 154; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 155: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 156: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

208

4.3.5 PMU D steady state frequency harmonic distortion error: M class

Figure 157: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 158: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 159: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 160; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 161: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 162: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

209

4.3.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class

Figure 163: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 164: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 165: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 166; Fs = 15 FPS

data was lost

Figure 167: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 168: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

210

4.3.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class

Figure 169: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 170: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 171: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 172; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 173: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 174: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

211

4.3.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class

Figure 175: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 176: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 177: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 178; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 179: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 180: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

212

4.3.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class

Figure 181: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 182: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 183: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 184; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 185: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 186: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

213

4.3.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class

Figure 187: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 188: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 189: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 190; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 191: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 192: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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214

4.3.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: M class

Figure 193: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 194: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 195: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 196; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 197: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 198: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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215

4.4 Steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

4.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady harmonic distortion range ROCOF error: M class

Figure 199: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 200: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 201: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 202: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 203: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 204: Fs = 10 FPS

The C37.118.1 Annex C model is a digital simulation with an internal sampling rate of 960 samples per second and so can only be tested with a harmonic frequency up to 420 Hz.

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

216

4.4.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 205: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 206: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 207: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 208: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 209: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 210: Fs = 10 FPS

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

217

4.4.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 211: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 212: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 213: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 214: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 215: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 216: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

218

4.4.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 217: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 218: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 219: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 220: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 221: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 222: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.008

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

219

4.4.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 223: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 224: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 225: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 226: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 227: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 228: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.005

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

1E-17

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.005

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

1E-17

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.005

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

1E-17

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.005

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

1E-17

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.005

-0.004

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

1E-17

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

220

4.4.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 229: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 230: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 231: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 232: Fs = 15 FPS

data was lost

Figure 233: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 234: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

221

4.4.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 235: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 236: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 237: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 238: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 239: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 240: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

222

4.4.8 PMU G* steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 241: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 242: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 243: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 244: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 245: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 246: Fs = 10 FPS

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

223

4.4.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 247: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 248: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 249: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 250: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 251: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 252: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.0006

-0.0004

-0.0002

0

0.0002

0.0004

0.0006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.0003

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

0.0003

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.0002

-0.0001

0

0.0001

0.0002

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

224

4.4.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 253: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 254: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 255: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 256: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 257: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 258: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.003

-0.002

-0.001

0

0.001

0.002

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

225

4.4.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: M class

Figure 259: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 260: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 261: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 262: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 263: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 264: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.0015

-0.001

-0.0005

0

0.0005

0.001

0.0015

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

226

4.5 Steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

4.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state frequency range voltage TVE:, F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 265: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 266: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 267: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 268: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 269: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 270: Fs = 10 FPS

The C37.118.1 Annex C model is a digital simulation with an internal sampling rate of 960 samples per second and so can only be tested with a harmonic frequency up to 420 Hz.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

227

4.5.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

Figure 271: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 272: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 273: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 274: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 275: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

228

4.5.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

Figure 276: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 277: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 278: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 279: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 280: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 281: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

229

4.5.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

Figure 282: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 283: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 284: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 285: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 286: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 287: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

230

4.5.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

Figure 288: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 289: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 290: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 291: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 292: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 293: Fs = 10 FPS

4.5.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

PMU E does not support P Class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

231

4.5.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

Figure 294: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 295: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 296: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 297: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 298: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 299: Fs = 10 FPS

4.5.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

PMU G does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

232

4.5.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

Figure 300: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 301: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 302: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 303: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 304: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 305: Fs = 10 FPS

4.5.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

233

4.5.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion voltage TVE: P class

Figure 306: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 307: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 308: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 309: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 310: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 311: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

234

4.6 Steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

4.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

Figure 312: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 313: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 314: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 315: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 316: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 317: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

235

4.6.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

Figure 318: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 319: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 320: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 321: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 322: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

236

4.6.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

Figure 323: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 324: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 325: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 326: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 327: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 328: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

237

4.6.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

Figure 329: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 330: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 331: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 332: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 333: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 334: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

238

4.6.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

Figure 335: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 336: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 337: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 338: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 339: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 340: Fs = 10 FPS

4.6.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

PMU E does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_I

C

MaxTVE_I

B

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

239

4.6.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

Figure 341: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 342: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 343: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 344: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 345: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 346: Fs = 10 FPS

4.6.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

PMU G does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

240

4.6.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

Figure 347: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 348: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 349: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 350: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 351: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 352: Fs = 10 FPS

4.6.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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241

4.6.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion current TVE: P class

Figure 353: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 354: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 355: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 356: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 357: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 358: Fs = 10 FPS

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

120 840 1560 2280 3000

TVE (%)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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242

4.7 Steady state frequency harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

4.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

Figure 359: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 360: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 361: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 362; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 363: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 364: Fs = 10 FPS

The C37.118.1 Annex C model is a digital simulation with an internal sampling rate of 960 samples per second and so can only be tested with a harmonic frequency 

up to 420 Hz.

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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243

4.7.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

Figure 365: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 366: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 367: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 368: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 369: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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244

4.7.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

Figure 370: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 371: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 372: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 373; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 374: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 375: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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245

4.7.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

Figure 376: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 377: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 378: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 379; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 380: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 381: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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246

4.7.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

Figure 382: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 383: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 384: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 385; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 386: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 387: Fs = 10 FPS

4.7.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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247

4.7.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

Figure 388: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 389: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 390: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 391; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 392: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 393: Fs = 10 FPS

4.7.8 PMU G steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

PMU G does not support P class

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

248

4.7.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

Figure 394: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 395: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 396: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 397; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 398: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 399: Fs = 10 FPS

4.7.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

249

4.7.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion frequency error: P class

Figure 400: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 401: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 402: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 403; Fs = 15 FPS Figure 404: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 405: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.006

-0.004

-0.002

0

0.002

0.004

0.006

120 840 1560 2280 3000

frequency error (Hz)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

250

4.8 Steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

4.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

Figure 406: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 407: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 408: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 409: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 410: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 411: Fs = 10 FPS

The C37.118.1 Annex C model is a digital simulation with an internal sampling rate of 960 samples per second and so can only be tested with a harmonic frequency up to 420 Hz.

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-3E-10

-2E-10

-1E-10

0

1E-10

2E-10

3E-10

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

251

4.8.2 PMU A steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

Figure 412: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 413: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 414: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 415: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 416: Fs = 10 FPS

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

252

4.8.3 PMU B steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

Figure 417: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 418: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 419: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 420: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 421: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 422: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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4.8.4 PMU C steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

Figure 423: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 424: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 425: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 426: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 427: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 428: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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254

4.8.5 PMU D steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

Figure 429: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 430: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 431: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 432: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 433: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 434: Fs = 10 FPS

4.8.6 PMU E steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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255

4.8.7 PMU F steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

Figure 435: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 436: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 437: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 438: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 439: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 440: Fs = 10 FPS

4.8.8 PMU G* steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

PMU G does not support P class

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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256

4.8.9 PMU H steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

Figure 441: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 442: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 443: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 444: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 445: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 446: Fs = 10 FPS

4.8.10 PMU I steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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257

4.8.11 PMU J steady state harmonic distortion ROCOF error: P class

Figure 447: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 448: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 449: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 450: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 451: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 452: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

120 840 1560 2280 3000

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

harmonic frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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258

5. Steady state out of band interfering signals test

5. Steady state out of band interfering signals test........................................................................................................................................................ 258

5.1 Steady state out of band interfering signals test voltage TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................... 264

5.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................... 264

5.1.2 PMU A out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 266

5.1.3 PMU B steady state out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................. 268

5.1.4 PMU C steady state out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................. 270

5.1.5 PMU D steady state out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................. 272

5.1.6 PMU E steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................... 274

5.1.7 PMU F steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................... 276

5.1.8 PMU G steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................... 278

5.1.9 PMU H steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................... 280

5.1.10 PMU I steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................. 282

5.1.11 PMU J steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................. 284

5.2 Steady state out of band interfering signals test current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................... 286

5.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................... 286

5.2.2 PMU A out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 288

5.2.3 PMU B out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 290

5.2.4 PMU C out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 292

5.2.5 PMU D out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 294

5.2.6 PMU E out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 296

5.2.7 PMU F out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 298

5.2.8 PMU G out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class ..................................................................................................................................................................... 300

5.2.9 PMU H out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 302

5.2.10 PMU I out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................... 304

5.2.11 PMU J out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class..................................................................................................................................................................... 306

5.3 Steady state out of band interfering signals: frequency error: M class.................................................................................................................................... 308

5.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class........................................................................................................................ 308

5.3.2 PMU A steady state out of band interfering signals frequency error : M class.......................................................................................................................................... 310

5.3.3 PMU B steady state out of band interfering signals frequency error : M class.......................................................................................................................................... 312

5.3.4 PMU C out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class ............................................................................................................................................................... 314

5.3.5 PMU D out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class............................................................................................................................................................... 316

5.3.6 PMU E out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 318

5.3.7 PMU F out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................................................ 320

5.3.8 PMU G out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class............................................................................................................................................................... 322

5.3.9 PMU H out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class............................................................................................................................................................... 324

5.3.10 PMU I out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class............................................................................................................................................................... 326

5.3.11 PMU J out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class .............................................................................................................................................................. 328

5.4 Steady state out of band interfering signals: ROCOF error: M class......................................................................................................................................... 330
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259

5.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class............................................................................................................................. 330

5.4.2 PMU A steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................ 332

5.4.3 PMU B steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................ 334

5.4.4 PMU C steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................ 336

5.4.5 PMU D steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class ............................................................................................................................................... 338

5.4.6 PMU E steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................ 340

5.4.7 PMU F steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class................................................................................................................................................ 342

5.4.8 PMU G* steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class ............................................................................................................................................. 344

5.4.9 PMU H steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class ............................................................................................................................................... 346

5.4.10 PMU I steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class............................................................................................................................................... 348

5.4.11 PMU J steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class............................................................................................................................................... 350
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260

The steady state out of band interfering signals test is a series of tests where the PMU input signal is a combination of a fundamental frequency at nominal 

magnitude and an “out of band interfering signal” at 10% of nominal magnitude. Individual tests evaluate the PMU performance for steady state (unchanging in 

magnitude or frequency) for 5 seconds per test. In each subsequent test, the frequency of the interfering signal is incremented between 10 Hz and the nominal 

frequency minus the Nyquist frequency of the reporting rate (F0 - Fs/2) then from the nominal frequency plus the Nyquist frequency of the reporting rate (F0 + 

Fs/2) up to the second harmonic of the nominal frequency. This set of interfering signals is repeated for three fundamental frequencies: nominal frequency 

minus 10% of the Nyquist of the reporting rate (F0 – 0.1Fs/2), the nominal frequency (F0) and nominal frequency plus 10% of the Nyquist frequency (F0+0.1Fs/2).

Test Plan:

Apply a steady-state, balanced, three-phase signal to both current and voltage inputs, at nominal steady-state magnitude and nominal system frequency (50 Hz 

or 60 Hz). Inject into the voltage and current inputs a positive-sequence interharmonic at

Frequency fi where |fi – f0| ≥ Fs/2

where

Fs is the reporting rate

f0 is the nominal frequency

fi is the frequency of the interfering signal

a) Add an interharmonic signal at fi = f0 – Fs/2 at 10% nominal magnitude.

b) Wait for the system to settle.

c) Capture the PMU output for 5 seconds. 

d) Calculate the errors: TVE, FE, RFE for each report.

e) Calculate the Max TVE, and FE. 

f) Run step b) through step e) repeatedly, decreasing the interharmonic frequency exponentially until it reaches 10 Hz:

 For each test run, the interharmonic frequency decrements exponentially, thus providing many tests near fi = f0 – Fs/2 and fewer tests further away 

from fi = f0 – Fs/2. For example, the first decrease should be 0.1 Hz (f0 – Fs/2 – 0.1), the next decrease 0.2 Hz (f0 – Fs/2 – 0.2), the third decrease 0.4 Hz 

(f0 – Fs/2 – 0.4), then 0.8 Hz (f0 – Fs/2 – 0.8) until an interharmonic frequency below 10 Hz is reached. For the last frequency, use 10 Hz rather than the 

frequency below 10 Hz.

g) Add an interharmonic signal at fi = f0 + Fs/2 at 10% nominal magnitude.

h) Run step b) through step e) repeatedly, increasing the interharmonic frequency exponentially until it reaches 2 × f0:

 For each test run, the interharmonic frequency increments exponentially, thus providing many tests near fi = f0 + Fs/2 and fewer tests further away 

from fi = f0 + Fs/2. For example, the first increase should be 0.1 Hz (f0 + Fs/2 + 0.1), the next increase 0.2 Hz (f0 + Fs/2 + 0.2), the third increase 0.4 Hz (f0
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261

+ Fs/2 + 0.4), then 0.8 Hz (f0 + Fs /2 + 0.8), until an interharmonic frequency above 2 × f0 is reached. For the last frequency use 2 × f0 rather than the 

frequency above 2 × f0..

i) Run all steps a) through h) two more times with the input signal frequency at nominal frequency plus and minus 10% of Fs/2 (the Nyquist frequency of the 

reporting rate, Fs).

An example of TVE, FE and RFE from a single OOB test run taken at F0 = 60 Hz, Fs = 20 FPS, M class with a fundamental frequency at 59 Hz and out of band signal 

at 70Hz and 10% of nominal magnitude is shown: 

Figure 1348: TVE for Fs=20 FPS, 59 hz fundamental, 

70 hz interfering signal

Figure 1349: FE for Fs=20 FPS, 59 hz fundamental, 70 

hz interfering signal

Figure 1350: RFE for Fs=20 FPS, 59 hz fundamental, 

70 hz interfering signal

The maximum value from the above plots becomes a single data point from the below plots of TVE, FE and RFE for Fs = 20 FPS, at 59 Hz fundamental frequency.

The data point is shown with a black arrow. Individual test runs insert a single out of band interfering frequency from 10 Hz to 120 Hz excluding the in-band 

frequencies between 50 Hz and 70 Hz.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

time (s)

59 Hz TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseA_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseC_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

time (s)

59 Hz FE

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-8.00

-6.00

-4.00

-2.00

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

time (s)

59 Hz RFE

RFe

Rfe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)
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262

Figure 1351: Maximum TVE for Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz 

fundamental frequency across all frequencies of out of 

band signals

Figure 1352: Maximum and minimum FE for Fs = 20 

FPS, 59 Hz fundamental frequency across all 

frequencies of out of band signals

Figure 1353: Maximum and minimum RFE for Fs = 

20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental frequency across all 

frequencies of out of band signals

Out of band interfering signals tests are run at three separate fundamental frequencies. For each measured result (TVE, FE, RFE), a table of plots is shown. Each 

row of three plots is from a single reporting rate (Fs), one for each of the input fundamental frequencies (F0-0.1Fs/2), (F0), (F0+0.1Fs/2). The x-axis of all plots 

shows the frequency of the interfering signal (one interfering signal per test run). The y-axis of the TVE plots show the maximum TVE and the TVE limit in red. 

The Y-axis of both the frequency error and ROCOF error plots show the maximum and minimum errors and the positive and negative error limits. When 

determining if the performance passes or fails a test, the maximum absolute value of the error can be compared against a positive error limit, showing both the 

maximum and minimum error allows us to see asymmetries and offsets in the error.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-8.00

-6.00

-4.00

-2.00

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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263

Results from steady state out of band interfering signals test

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

C37.118.1 Annex C P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

PMU A P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - -

PMU B F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - -

PMU C F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - P F - - - -

PMU D P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

PMU E F F - - - - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - P F - - - -

PMU F P I - - - - P I - - - - P I - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - -

PMU G* F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - F F - - - - - - - - - -

PMU H P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

PMU I P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - - P F - - - -

PMU J P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - - P P - - - -

P = Pass, F = Fail, I = Indeterminate
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264

5.1 Steady state out of band interfering signals test voltage TVE: M class

5.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1354: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1355: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1356: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1357: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1358: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1359: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1360: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1361: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1362: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+
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265

Figure 1363: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1364: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1365: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1366: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1367: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1368: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1369: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1370: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1371: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+
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266

5.1.2 PMU A out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1372: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1373: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1374: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1375: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1376: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1377: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1378: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1379: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1380: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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267

Figure 1381: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1382: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1383: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1384: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1385: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1386: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1387: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1388: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1389: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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268

5.1.3 PMU B steady state out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1390: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1391: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1392: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1393: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1394: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1395: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1396: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1397: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1398: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

+

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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269

Figure 1399: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1400: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1401: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1402: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1403: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1404: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1405: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1406: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1407: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

2

4

6

8

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

TVE 59.5 Hz fundamental 

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_V+

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0

5

10

15

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

TVE 60 Hz fundamental

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_V+

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0

5

10

15

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

TVE 60.5 Hz fundamental 

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_V+

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

270

5.1.4 PMU C steady state out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1408: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1409: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1410: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1411: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1412: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1413: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1414: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1415: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1416: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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271

Figure 1417: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1418: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1419: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1420: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1421: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1422: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1423: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1424: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1425: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

272

5.1.5 PMU D steady state out of band interfering signals voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1426: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1427: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1428: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1429: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1430: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1431: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1432: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1433: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1434: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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273

Figure 1435: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1436: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1437: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1438: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1439: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1440: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1441: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1442: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1443: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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274

5.1.6 PMU E steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1444: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1445: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1446: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1447: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1448: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1449: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1450: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1451: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1452: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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275

Figure 1453: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1454: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1455: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1456: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1457: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1458: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1459: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1460: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1461: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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276

5.1.7 PMU F steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1462: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1463: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1464: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1465: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1466: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1467: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1468: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1469: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1470: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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277

Figure 1471: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1472: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1473: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1474: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1475: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1476: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1477: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1478: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1479: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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278

5.1.8 PMU G steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1480: Fs = 60 FPS, is not supported by this PMU

Figure 1481: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1482: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1483: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1484: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1485: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1486: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA
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279

Figure 1487: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1488: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1489: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1490: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1491: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1492: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1493: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1494: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1495: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA
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280

5.1.9 PMU H steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1496: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1497: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1498: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1499: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1500: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1501: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1502: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1503: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1504: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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281

Figure 1505: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1506: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1507: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1508: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1509: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1510: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1511: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1512: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1513: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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282

5.1.10 PMU I steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1514: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1515: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1516: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1517: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1518: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1519: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1520: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1521: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1522: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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283

Figure 1523: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1524: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1525: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1526: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1527: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1528: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1529: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1530: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1531: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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284

5.1.11 PMU J steady state out of band interfering signal voltage TVE: M class

Figure 1532: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1533: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1534: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1535: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1536: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1537: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1538: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1539: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1540: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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285

Figure 1541: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1542: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1543: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1544: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1545: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1546: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1547: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1548: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1549: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.6 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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286

5.2 Steady state out of band interfering signals test current TVE: M class

5.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1550: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1551: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1552: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1553: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1554: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1555: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1556Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1557: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1558: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+ 0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+ 0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+
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287

Figure 1559: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental

MISSING DATA

Figure 1560: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental

MISSING DATA

Figure 1561: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1562: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1563: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1564: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1565: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1566: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1567: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57.5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+ 0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+
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5.2.2 PMU A out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1568: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1569: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1570: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1571: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1572: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1573: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1574Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1575: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1576: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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289

Figure 1577: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1578: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1579: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1580: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1581: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1582: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1583: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1584: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1585: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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5.2.3 PMU B out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1586: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1587: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1588: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1589: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1590: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1591: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1592Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1593: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1594: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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291

Figure 1595: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1596: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1597: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1598: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1599: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1600: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1601: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1602: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1603: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

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57 Hz current TVE

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TVE (%)

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TVE (%)

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63 Hz current TVE

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TVE_Limit
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5.2.4 PMU C out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1604: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1605: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1606: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1607: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1608: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1609: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1610Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1611: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1612: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

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57 Hz current TVE

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TVE (%)

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60 Hz current TVE

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TVE_Limit

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

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TVE_Limit

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

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TVE (%)

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TVE (%)

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61.5 Hz current TVE

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TVE_Limit

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TVE (%)

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59 Hz current TVE

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TVE (%)

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TVE (%)

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61 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit
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293

Figure 1613: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1614: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1615: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1616: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1617: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1618: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1619: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1620: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1621: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

2

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6

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

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8

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TVE (%)

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60 Hz current TVE

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TVE_Limit

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6

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TVE (%)

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60.7 Hz current TVE

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TVE_Limit

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

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TVE (%)

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TVE_Limit

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz current TVE

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TVE (%)

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59.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

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TVE_Limit

0

2

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6

8

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

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5.2.5 PMU D out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1622: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1623: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1624: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1625: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1626: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1627: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1628Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1629: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1630: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

Figure 1631: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1632: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1633: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

0

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TVE (%)

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57 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

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10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

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1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit

0

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit

0

0.5

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

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MaxTVE_IC

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0

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit

0

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit

0

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1

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit
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Figure 1634: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1635: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1636: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1637: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1638: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1639: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

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1.5

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

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1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
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5.2.6 PMU E out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1640: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1641: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1642: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1643: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1644: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1645: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1646Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1647: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1648: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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Figure 1649: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1650: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1651: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1652: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1653: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1654: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1655: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1656: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1657: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

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8

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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TVE_Limit
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5.2.7 PMU F out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1658: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1659: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1660: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1661: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1662: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1663: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1664Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1665: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1666: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

Figure 1667: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1668: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1669: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

0

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1

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

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MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

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1.5

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

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TVE_Limit

0

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

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1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

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1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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Figure 1670: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1671: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1672: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1673: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1674: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1675: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz current TVE

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

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1

1.5

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

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1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

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1

1.5

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TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

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1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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5.2.8 PMU G out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1676: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental

PMU G does not support 60 FPS

Figure 1677: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental

PMU G does not support 60 FPS

Figure 1678: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

PMU G does not support 60 FPS

Figure 1679: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1680: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1681: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1682Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1683: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1684: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0.0

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3.0

4.0

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

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MaxTVE_IA

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

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1.0

1.2

1.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

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MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA 0.0

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1.0

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2.0

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10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

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0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

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C

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B

MaxTVE_I

A

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

1.00

1.20

1.40

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

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MaxTVE_IA 0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

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MaxTVE_IA
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Figure 1685: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1686: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1687: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1688: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1689: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1690: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1691: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1692: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1693: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA 0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

0

1

2

3

4

5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 .5 Hz current TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA
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5.2.9 PMU H out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1694: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1695: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1696: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1697: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1698: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1699: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1700Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1701: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1702: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

TVE_Limit
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303

Figure 1703: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1704: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1705: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1706: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1707: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1708: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1709: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1710: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1711: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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304

5.2.10 PMU I out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1712: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1713: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1714: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1715: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1716: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1717: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1718Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1719: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1720: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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305

Figure 1721: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1722: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1723: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1724: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1725: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1726: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1727: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1728: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1729: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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306

5.2.11 PMU J out of band interfering signals current TVE: M class

Figure 1730: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1731: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1732: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1733: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1734: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1735: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1736Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1737: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1738: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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Figure 1739: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1740: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1741: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1742: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1743: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1744: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1745: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1746: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1747: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.6 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

TVE (%)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
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308

5.3 Steady state out of band interfering signals: frequency error: M class

5.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

Figure 1748: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1749: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1750: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1751: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1752: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1753: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1754: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1755: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1756: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE
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309

Figure 1757: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1758: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1759: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1760: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1761: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1762: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1763: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1764: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1765: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

62.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE
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310

5.3.2 PMU A steady state out of band interfering signals frequency error : M class

Figure 1766: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1767: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1768: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1769: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1770: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1771: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1772: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1773: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1774: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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311

Figure 1775: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1776: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1777: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1778: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1779: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1780: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1781: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1782: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1783: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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312

5.3.3 PMU B steady state out of band interfering signals frequency error : M class

Figure 1784: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1785: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1786: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1787: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1788: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1789: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1790: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1791: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1792: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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313

Figure 1793: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1794: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1795: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1796: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1797: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1798: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1799: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1800: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1801: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 110

Frequency error (Hz)

Out of band interfering frequency (hz)

59.5 Hz fundamental Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 110

Frequency error (Hz)

Out of band interfering frequency (hz)

60 Hz fundamental Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg) -0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

10 110

Frequency error (Hz)

Out of band interfering frequency (hz)

60.5 Hz fundamental

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limi

t (pos)

FE_Limi

t (neg)
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

314

5.3.4 PMU C out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

Figure 1802: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1803: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1804: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1805: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1806: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1807: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1808: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1809: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1810: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.04

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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315

Figure 1811: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1812: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1813: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1814: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1815: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1816: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1817: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1818: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1819: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

316

5.3.5 PMU D out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

Figure 1820: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1821: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1822: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1823: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1824: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1825: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1826: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1827: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1828: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

Figure 1829: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1830: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1831: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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317

Figure 1832: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1833: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1834: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1835: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1836: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1837: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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318

5.3.6 PMU E out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

Figure 1838: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1839: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1840: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1841: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1842: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1843: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1844: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1845: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1846: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

319

Figure 1847: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1848: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1849: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1850: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1851: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1852: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1853: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1854: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1855: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

320

5.3.7 PMU F out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

Figure 1856: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1857: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1858: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1859: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1860: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1861: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1862: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1863: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1864: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

321

Figure 1865: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1866: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1867: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1868: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1869: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1870: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1871: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1872: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1873: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

322

5.3.8 PMU G out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 1874: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental

60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 1875: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental

60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 1876: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1877: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1878: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1879: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1880: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1881: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1882: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

323

Figure 1883: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1884: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1885: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1886: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental

Figure 1887: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental

Figure 1888: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1889: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1890: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1891: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-0.80

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

324

5.3.9 PMU H out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

Figure 1892: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1893: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1894: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1895: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1896: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1897: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1898: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1899: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1900: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

325

Figure 1901: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1902: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1903: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1904: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1905: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1906: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1907: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1908: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1909: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

326

5.3.10 PMU I out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

Figure 1910: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1911: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1912: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1913: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1914: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1915: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1916: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1917: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1918: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.05

-0.03

-0.01

0.01

0.03

0.05

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.05

-0.03

-0.01

0.01

0.03

0.05

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.05

-0.03

-0.01

0.01

0.03

0.05

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

327

Figure 1919: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1920: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1921: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1922: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1923: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1924: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1925: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1926: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1927: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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328

5.3.11 PMU J out of band interfering signals frequency error: M class

Figure 1928: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1929: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1930: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1931: Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1932: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1933: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1934: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1935: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1936: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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329

Figure 1937: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1938: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1939: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1940: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1941: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1942: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1943: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1944: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1945: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.6 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

frequency error (Hz)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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330

5.4 Steady state out of band interfering signals: ROCOF error: M class

5.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 1946: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1947: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1948: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1949; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1950: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1951: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1952: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1953: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1954: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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331

Figure 1955: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1956: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1957: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1958: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1959: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1960: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1961: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1962: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1963: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

62.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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332

5.4.2 PMU A steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 1964: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1965: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1966: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1967; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1968: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1969: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1970: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1971: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1972: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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333

Figure 1973: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1974: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1975: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1976: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1977: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1978: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1979: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1980: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1981: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

334

5.4.3 PMU B steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 1982: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 1983: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1984: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 1985; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1986: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1987: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 1988: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 1989: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1990: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-20

-10

0

10

20

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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335

Figure 1991: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 1992: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1993: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 1994: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 1995: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1996: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 1997: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 1998: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 1999: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-20

-10

0

10

20

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-20

-10

0

10

20

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 110

Frequency error (Hz)

Out of band interfering frequency (hz)

59.5 Hz fundamental

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-20

-10

0

10

20

Frequency error (Hz)

10 110

Out of band interfering frequency (hz)

60 Hz fundamental

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

10 110

Frequency error (Hz)

Out of band interfering frequency (hz)

60.5 Hz fundamental

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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336

5.4.4 PMU C steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2000: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 2001: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2002: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 2003; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2004: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2005: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 2006: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 2007: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2008: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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337

Figure 2009: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 2010: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2011: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 2012: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 2013: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2014: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 2015: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2016: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2017: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-20

-10

0

10

20

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-20

-10

0

10

20

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-20

-10

0

10

20

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-10

-5

0

5

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-10

-5

0

5

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-10

-5

0

5

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-10

-5

0

5

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-10

-5

0

5

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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338

5.4.5 PMU D steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2018: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 2019: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2020: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 2021; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2022: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2023: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 2024: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 2025: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2026: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

Figure 2027: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 2028: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2029: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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339

Figure 2030: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 2031: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2032: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 2033: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2034: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2035: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

340

5.4.6 PMU E steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2036: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 2037: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2038: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 2039; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2040: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2041: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 2042: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 2043: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2044: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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341

Figure 2045: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 2046: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2047: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 2048: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 2049: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2050: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 2051: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2052: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2053: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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342

5.4.7 PMU F steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2054: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 2055: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2056: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 2057; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2058: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2059: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 2060: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 2061: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2062: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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343

Figure 2063: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 2064: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2065: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 2066: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 2067: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2068: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 2069: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2070: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2071: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-100

-50

0

50

100

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-100

-50

0

50

100

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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344

5.4.8 PMU G* steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2072: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 2073; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2074: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental

Figure 2075: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 2076: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 2077: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental

Figure 2078: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_

RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RF

E

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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345

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0

Figure 2079: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 2080: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2081: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 2082: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 2083: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2084: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 2085: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2086: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2087: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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346

5.4.9 PMU H steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2088: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 2089: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2090: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 2091; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2092: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2093: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 2094: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 2095: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2096: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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347

Figure 2097: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 2098: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2099: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 2100: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 2101: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2102: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 2103: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2104: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2105: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.6 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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348

5.4.10 PMU I steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2106: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 2107: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2108: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 2109; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2110: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2111: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 2112: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 2113: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2114: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

Figure 2115: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 2116: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2117: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-10

-5

0

5

10

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-2

-1

0

1

2

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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349

Figure 2118: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 2119: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2120: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 2121: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2122: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2123: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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350

5.4.11 PMU J steady state out of band interfering signals ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2124: Fs = 60 FPS, 57 Hz fundamental Figure 2125: Fs = 60 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2126: Fs = 60 FPS, 63 Hz fundamental

Figure 2127; Fs = 30 FPS, 58.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2128: Fs = 30 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2129: Fs = 30 FPS, 61.5 Hz fundamental

Figure 2130: Fs = 20 FPS, 59 Hz fundamental Figure 2131: Fs = 20 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2132: Fs = 20 FPS, 61 Hz fundamental

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

57 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

63 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

58.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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351

Figure 2133: Fs = 15 FPS, 59.3 Hz fundamental Figure 2134: Fs = 15 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2135: Fs = 15 FPS, 60.7 Hz fundamental

Figure 2136: Fs = 12 FPS, 59.4 Hz fundamental Figure 2137: Fs = 12 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2138: Fs = 12 FPS, 60.6 Hz fundamental

Figure 2139: Fs = 10 FPS, 59.5 Hz fundamental Figure 2140: Fs = 10 FPS, 60 Hz fundamental Figure 2141: Fs = 10 FPS, 60.5 Hz fundamental

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.3 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.03

-0.02

-0.01

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.7 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.4 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

61.6 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

59.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

10 30 50 70 90 110

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

out of band interfering frequency (Hz)

60.5 Hz ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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6. Dynamic ramp of system frequency

Table of Contents

6. Dynamic ramp of system frequency .........................................................................................................................................................................352

6.1 Dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, M class.......................................................................................................................................................357

6.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: F0 = 60, M class........................................................................................................................... 357

6.1.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 359

6.1.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 361

6.1.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class............................................................................................................................................................ 363

6.1.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 365

6.1.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class............................................................................................................................................................ 367

6.1.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class............................................................................................................................................................ 369

6.1.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 371

6.1.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 373

6.1.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................... 375

6.1.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class .......................................................................................................................................................... 377

6.2 Dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class.......................................................................................................................................................379

6.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class ........................................................................................................................................ 379

6.2.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 381

6.2.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 383

6.2.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class............................................................................................................................................................ 385

6.2.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class ........................................................................................................................................................... 387

6.2.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class............................................................................................................................................................ 389

6.2.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class............................................................................................................................................................ 391

6.2.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class........................................................................................................................................................... 393

6.2.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class........................................................................................................................................................... 395

6.2.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class........................................................................................................................................................... 397

6.2.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class .......................................................................................................................................................... 399

6.3 Dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, M class................................................................................................................................................401

6.3.1 C367.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class................................................................................................................................ 401

6.3.2 C37.118.1 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class.................................................................................................................................... 403

6.3.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class..................................................................................................................................................... 405

6.3.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class..................................................................................................................................................... 407

6.3.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class..................................................................................................................................................... 409

6.3.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class ..................................................................................................................................................... 411

6.3.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class ..................................................................................................................................................... 413
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353

6.3.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class..................................................................................................................................................... 415

6.3.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class..................................................................................................................................................... 417

6.3.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class.................................................................................................................................................... 419

6.3.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class.................................................................................................................................................... 421

6.4 Dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error...................................................................................................................................................................423

6.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class....................................................................................................................................... 423

6.4.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class.......................................................................................................................................................... 425

6.4.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class.......................................................................................................................................................... 427

6.4.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class.......................................................................................................................................................... 429

6.4.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class.......................................................................................................................................................... 431

6.4.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class.......................................................................................................................................................... 433

6.4.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class .......................................................................................................................................................... 435

6.4.8 PMU G* dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class........................................................................................................................................................ 437

6.4.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class.......................................................................................................................................................... 439

6.4.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class......................................................................................................................................................... 441

6.4.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class......................................................................................................................................................... 443

6.5 Dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class........................................................................................................................................................445

6.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class.......................................................................................................................................... 445

6.5.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 447

6.5.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 449

6.5.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 451

6.5.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 453

6.5.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 455

6.5.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 455

6.5.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 457

6.5.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 457

6.5.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................ 460

6.5.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................ 460

6.6 Dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class........................................................................................................................................................462

6.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class.......................................................................................................................................... 462

6.6.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 464

6.6.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 466

6.6.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 468

6.6.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 470

6.6.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 472

6.6.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................. 472

6.6.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class ............................................................................................................................................................ 474

6.6.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class ............................................................................................................................................................ 474

6.6.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................ 476

6.6.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class............................................................................................................................................................ 476
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354

6.7 Dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency, P class...........................................................................................................................................................478

6.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class ................................................................................................................................... 478

6.7.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class ...................................................................................................................................................... 480

6.7.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class ...................................................................................................................................................... 482

6.7.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class ...................................................................................................................................................... 484

6.7.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class...................................................................................................................................................... 486

6.7.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class....................................................................................................................................................... 488

6.7.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class....................................................................................................................................................... 488

6.7.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class...................................................................................................................................................... 490

6.7.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class...................................................................................................................................................... 490

6.7.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class...................................................................................................................................................... 492

6.7.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class ..................................................................................................................................................... 492

6.8 Dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF, P class................................................................................................................................................................494

6.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class........................................................................................................................................ 494

6.8.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class........................................................................................................................................................... 496

6.8.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class ........................................................................................................................................................... 498

6.8.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class ........................................................................................................................................................... 500

6.8.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class........................................................................................................................................................... 502

6.8.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class............................................................................................................................................................ 504

6.8.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class............................................................................................................................................................ 504

6.8.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class........................................................................................................................................................... 506

6.8.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class........................................................................................................................................................... 506

6.8.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class .......................................................................................................................................................... 508

6.8.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class .......................................................................................................................................................... 508
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IEEE Std. C37.118.1-2011 table 7 specifies the minimum range of influence quantity over which PMU shall be within given TVE limit:

For M class the range is the lesser of:

o F0 ± Fs/5 Hz

o F0 ± 5 Hz

For P class the range is F0 ± 2Hz.

IEEE Std. C37.118.1a states that the error calculation shall exclude measurements during the first seven sample periods for M class and two sample periods for 

P class before and after a change in the test ROCOF. In the tests below; the ramp of system frequency test is performed by first applying a beginning steady state 

frequency at the required range. The standard requires two transition time samples (Nt) and a ramp rate (R) of ±1 Hz/second. The beginning frequency is: 

Test plan:

a) Begin with input at nominal magnitude and lower frequency range.

b) Wait for the system to settle.

c) Begin ramping the frequency with a positive ramp rate of 1 Hz/s, ramp until the upper frequency range is reached and hold at that frequency for at least the 

settling period.

d) Calculate the errors: TVE, FE, and RFE for each report.

e) Calculate the max TVE, FE, and RFE excluding data during the exclusion intervals as required by the standard. 

f) Hold the frequency constant for at least the settling period, and then begin ramping the frequency at the negative ramp rate.

g) Calculate the max TVE, FE, and RFE excluding data during the exclusion intervals as required by the standard. 

The ramp test is performed twice, once with ramp rates = +1 Hz/s and again with -1 Hz/s. The plots below show the TVE, Fe and RFe for individual test runs in 

columns showing the positive and negative ramp, and rows showing the PMU response at various reporting rates. The X axis of the plots are the ramp time and the 

Y axis are TVE, Fe and RFe respectively. The excluded measurements are not shown in the plots.

M class limits:

 TVE: 1%

 Fe: 0.01 Hz

 RFe: 0.2 Hz/s

P class limits:

 TVE: 1%

 Fe: 0.01 Hz

 RFe: 0.4 Hz/s
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Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

 F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P PP P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P F P P F

PMU B P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F F

PMU C P F P P F P P F P P F P P F F P F F P F F P F P P F F P F P P F F P F F

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P F P - - - - - - - - - P F P - - - P F P - - - P F P - - - P F P - - -

PMU F P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P I

PMU G* F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - - - - - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I F F P - - - F F P - - - F F P - - - F F F - - - P F P - - - P F F - - -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

P = Pass, F = Fail, I = Indeterminate

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0
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6.1 Dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, M class

6.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: F0 = 60, M class

Figure 2142: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2143: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2144: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2145: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2146: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2147: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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358

Figure 2148: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2149: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2150: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2151: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2152: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2153: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

359

6.1.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2154: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2155: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2156: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2157: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2158: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2159: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

360

Figure 2160: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2161: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2162: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2163: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2164: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2165: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

361

6.1.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2166: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2167: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2168: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2169: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2170: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2171: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

362

Figure 2172: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2173: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2174: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2175: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2176: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2177: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

363

6.1.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2178: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2179: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2180: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2181: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2182: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2183: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

364

Figure 2184: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2185: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2186: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2187: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2188: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2189: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

365

6.1.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2190: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2191: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2192: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2193: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2194: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2195: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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366

Figure 2196: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2197: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2198: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2199: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2200: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2201: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

367

6.1.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2202: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2203: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2204: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2205: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2206: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2207: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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368

Figure 2208: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2209: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2210: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2211: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2212: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2213: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

369

6.1.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2214: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2215: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2216: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2217: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2218: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2219: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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370

Figure 2220: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2221: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2222: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2223: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2224: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2225: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

371

6.1.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2226: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 2227: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s

Figure 2228: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2229: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2230: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2231: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2232: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

50

100

150

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

0

50

100

150

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE 0

5

10

15

20

25

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE 0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

372

Figure 2233: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 57.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2234: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4 Hz to 57.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2235: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2236: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE 0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE 0

5

10

15

20

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

373

6.1.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2237: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2238: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2239: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2240: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2241: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2242: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

374

Figure 2243: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2244: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2245: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2246: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2247: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2248: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

375

6.1.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2249: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2250: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2251: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2252: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2253: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2254: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

376

Figure 2255: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2256: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2257: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2258: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2259: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2260: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

1

2

3

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

377

6.1.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE: M class

Figure 2261: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2262: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2263: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2264: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2265: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2266: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

378

Figure 2267: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2268: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2269: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2270: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2271: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2272: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

379

6.2 Dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

6.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2273: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2274: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2275: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2276: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2277: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2278: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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380

Figure 2279: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2280: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2281: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2282: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2283: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2284: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

381

6.2.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2285: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2286: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2287: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2288: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2289: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2290: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

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TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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Figure 2291: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2292: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2293: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2294: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2295: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2296: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

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TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

383

6.2.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2297: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2298: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2299: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2300: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2301: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2302: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

384

Figure 2303: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2304: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2305: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2306: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2307: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2308: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

385

6.2.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2309: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2310: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2311: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2312: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2313: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2314: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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386

Figure 2315: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2316: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2317: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2318: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2319: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2320: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

387

6.2.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2321: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2322: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2323: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2324: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2325: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2326: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE
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388

Figure 2327: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2328: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2329: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2330: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2331: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2332: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

389

6.2.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2333: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2334: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2335: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 

2336: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2337: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2338: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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390

Figure 2339: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2340: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2341: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2342: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2343: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2344: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

391

6.2.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2345: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2346: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2347: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2348: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2349: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2350: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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392

Figure 2351: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2352: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2353: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2354: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2355: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2356: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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393

6.2.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2357: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2358: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2359: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2360: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2361: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2362: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2363: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2364: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

50

100

150

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE 0

50

100

150

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

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TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

-5

5

15

25

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

394

Figure 2365: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 57.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2366: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4 Hz to 57.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2367: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2368: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

5

10

15

20

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

395

6.2.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2369: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2370: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2371: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2372: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2373: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2374: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

396

Figure 2375: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2376: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2377: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2378: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2379: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2380: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

397

6.2.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2381: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2382: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2383: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2384: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2385: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2386: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

398

Figure 2387: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2388: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2389: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2390: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2391: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2392: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

1

2

3

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

399

6.2.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, M class

Figure 2393: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2394: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2395: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2396: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2397: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2398: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

400

Figure 2399: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2400: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2401: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2402: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2403: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2404: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

401

6.3 Dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, M class

6.3.1 C367.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2405: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2406: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2407: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2408: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2409: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2410: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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402

Figure 2411: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2412: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2413: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2414: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2415: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2416: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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403

6.3.2 C37.118.1 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2417: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2418: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2419: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2420: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2421: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2422: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)
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404

Figure 2423: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2424: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2425: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2426: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2427: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2428: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

405

6.3.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2429: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2430: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2431: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2432: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2433: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2434: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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406

Figure 2435: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2436: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2437: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2438: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2439: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2440: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

407

6.3.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2441: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2442: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2443: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2444: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2445: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2446: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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408

Figure 2447: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2448: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2449: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2450: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2451: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2452: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

409

6.3.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2453: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2454: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2455: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2456: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2457: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2458: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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410

Figure 2459: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2460: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2461: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2462: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2463: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2464: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

411

6.3.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2465: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2466: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2467: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2468: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2469: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2470: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.080

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.080

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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412

Figure 2471: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2472: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2473: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2474: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2475: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2476: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

413

6.3.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2477: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2478: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2479: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2480: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2481: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2482: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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414

Figure 2483: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2484: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2485: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2486: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2487: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2488: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

415

6.3.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2489: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 2490: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2491: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2492: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2493: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2494: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2495: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error (Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.080

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error (Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.08

-0.06

-0.04

-0.02

0.00

0.02

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)
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416

Figure 2496: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 57.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2497: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4 Hz to 57.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2498: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2499: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.080

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)

-0.080

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit (pos)

Fe_Limit (neg)
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

417

6.3.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2500: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2501: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2502: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2503: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2504: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2505: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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418

Figure 2506: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2507: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2508: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2509: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2510: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2511: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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419

6.3.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2512: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2513: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2514: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2515: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2516: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2517: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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420

Figure 2518: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2519: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2520: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2521: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2522: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2523: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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6.3.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error: M class

Figure 2524: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2525: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2526: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2527: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2528: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2529: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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422

Figure 2530: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2531: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2532: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2533: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2534: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2535: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4 6 8 10

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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423

6.4 Dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error

6.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2536: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2537: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2538: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2539: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2540: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2541: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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424

Figure 2542: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2543: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2544: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2545: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2546: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2547: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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425

6.4.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2548: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2549: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2550: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2551: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2552: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2553: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)
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426

Figure 2554: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2555: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2556: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2557: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2558: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2559: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)
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427

6.4.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2560: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2561: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2562: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2563: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2564: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2565: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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428

Figure 2566: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2567: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2568: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2569: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2570: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2571: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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429

6.4.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2572: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2573: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2574: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2575: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2576: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2577: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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Figure 2578: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2579: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2580: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2581: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2582: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2583: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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6.4.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2584: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2585: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2586: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2587: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2588: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2589: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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432

Figure 2590: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2591: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2592: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2593: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2594: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2595: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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6.4.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2596: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2597: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2598: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2599: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2600: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2601: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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434

Figure 2602: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2603: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2604: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2605: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2606: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2607: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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435

6.4.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2608: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2609: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2610: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2611: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2612: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2613: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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436

Figure 2614: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2615: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2616: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2617: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2618: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2619: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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437

6.4.8 PMU G* dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2620: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 2621: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2622: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2623: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2624: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

Figure 2625: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2626: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error 

(Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg) -1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error 

(Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)
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438

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0.

Figure 2627: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 57.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2628: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4 Hz to 57.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2629: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2630: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg) -1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit (pos)

RFe_Limit (neg)
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439

6.4.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2631: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2632: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2633: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2634: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2635: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2636: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.500

0.000

0.500

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error 

(Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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Figure 2637: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2638: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2639: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2640: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2641: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2642: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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441

6.4.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2643: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2644: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2645: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2646: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2647: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2648: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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Figure 2649: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2650: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2651: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2652: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2653: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2654: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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443

6.4.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error: M class

Figure 2655: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2656: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2657: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2658: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2659: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2660: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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444

Figure 2661: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2662: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2663: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2664: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2665: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2666: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 2 4 6 8 10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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445

6.5 Dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

6.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

Figure 2667: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2668: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2669: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2670: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2671: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2672: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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446

Figure 2673: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2674: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2675: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2676: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2677: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2678: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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447

6.5.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

Figure 2679: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2680: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2681: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2682: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2683: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2684: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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448

Figure 2685: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2686: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2687: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2688: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2689: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2690: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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449

6.5.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

Figure 2691: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2692: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2693: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2694: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2695: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2696: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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450

Figure 2697: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2698: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2699: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2700: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2701: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2702: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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451

6.5.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

Figure 2703: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2704: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2705: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2706: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2707: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2708: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
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452

Figure 2709: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2710: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2711: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2712: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2713: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2714: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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453

6.5.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

Figure 2715: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2716: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2717: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2718: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2719: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2720: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2721: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2722: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

454

Figure 2723: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2724: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2725: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2726: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

455

6.5.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

6.5.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

Figure 2727: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2728: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2729: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2730: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2731: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2732: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

456

Figure 2733: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2734: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2735: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2736: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2737: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2738: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

457

6.5.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

6.5.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

Figure 2739: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2740: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2741: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2742: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

458

Figure 2743: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2744: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2745: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2746: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2747: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2748: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

459

Figure 2749: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2750: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

460

6.5.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

PMU I does not support P class

6.5.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency voltage TVE, P class

Figure 2751: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2752: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2753: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2754: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2755: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2756: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

461

Figure 2757: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2758: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2759: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2760: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2761: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2762: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

462

6.6 Dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

6.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

Figure 2763: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2764: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2765: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2766: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2767: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2768: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

463

Figure 2769: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2770: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2771: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2772: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2773: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2774: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

464

6.6.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

Figure 2775: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2776: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2777: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2778: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2779: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2780: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

465

Figure 2781: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2782: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2783: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2784: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2785: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2786: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

466

6.6.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

Figure 2787: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2788: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2789: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2790: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2791: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2792: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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467

Figure 2793: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2794: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2795: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2796: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2797: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2798: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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6.6.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

Figure 2799: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2800: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2801: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2802: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2803: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2804: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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469

Figure 2805: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2806: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2807: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2808: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2809: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2810: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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6.6.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

Figure 2811: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2812: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2813: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2814: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2815: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2816: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2817: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2818: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE
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471

Figure 2819: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2820: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2821: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2822: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE
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472

6.6.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

PMU E does not support P class

6.6.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

Figure 2823: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2824: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2825: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2826: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2827: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2828: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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473

Figure 2829: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2830: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2831: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2832: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2833: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2834: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 2 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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474

6.6.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

6.6.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

Figure 2835: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2836: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2837: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2838: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2839: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2840: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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475

Figure 2841: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2842: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2843: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2844: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2845: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2846: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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476

6.6.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

PMU I does not support P class

6.6.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency current TVE, P class

Figure 2847: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2848: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2849: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2850: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2851: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2852: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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477

Figure 2853: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2854: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2855: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2856: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2857: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2858: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE 0

0.5

1

1.5

0 1 2 3 4

TVE (%)

ramp time (s)

ramp current TVE

TVE_Limit

IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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478

6.7 Dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency, P class

6.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

Figure 2859: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2860: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2861: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2862: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2863: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2864: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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479

Figure 2865: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2866: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2867: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2868: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2869: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2870: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

480

6.7.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

Figure 2871: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2872: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2873: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2874: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2875: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2876: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

481

Figure 2877: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2878: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2879: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2880: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2881: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2882: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

482

6.7.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

Figure 2883: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2884: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2885: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2886: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2887: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2888: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

483

Figure 2889: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2890: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2891: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2892: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2893: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2894: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

484

6.7.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

Figure 2895: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2896: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2897: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2898: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2899: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2900: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

485

Figure 2901: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2902: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2903: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2904: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2905: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2906: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0.030

0.040

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.040

-0.030

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.060

-0.040

-0.020

0.000

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

486

6.7.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

Figure 2907: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2908: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2909: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2910: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2911: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2912: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

487

Figure 2913: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2914: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2915: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2916: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2917: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2918: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

488

6.7.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

6.7.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

Figure 2919: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2920: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2921: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2922: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2923: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2924: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

489

Figure 2925: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2926: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2927: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2928: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2929: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2930: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

490

6.7.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

6.7.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

Figure 2931: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2932: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2933: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2934: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2935: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2936: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

491

Figure 2937: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2938: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2939: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2940: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2941: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2942: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 2 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.020

-0.010

0.000

0.010

0.020

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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492

6.7.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

PMU I does not support P class

6.7.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency frequency error, P class

Figure 2943: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2944: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2945: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2946: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2947: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2948: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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493

Figure 2949: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2950: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2951: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2952: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2953: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2954: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error 

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.010

-0.005

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0 1 2 3 4

frequency error 

(Hz)

ramp time(s)

ramp frequency error

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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494

6.8 Dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF, P class

6.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

Figure 2955: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2956: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2957: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2958: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2959: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2960: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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495

Figure 2961: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2962: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2963: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2964: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2965: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2966: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

496

6.8.2 PMU A dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

Figure 2967: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2968: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2969: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2970: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2971: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2972: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-3.000

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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497

Figure 2973: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2974: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2975: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2976: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2977: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2978: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.500

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

498

6.8.3 PMU B dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

Figure 2979: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2980: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2981: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2982: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2983: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2984: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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499

Figure 2985: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2986: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2987: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2988: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2989: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2990: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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500

6.8.4 PMU C dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

Figure 2991: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2992: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2993: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2994: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2995: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2996: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-1.000

-0.500

0.000

0.500

1.000

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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501

Figure 2997: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 2998: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 2999: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3000: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3001: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3002: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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502

6.8.5 PMU D dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

Figure 3003: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3004: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3005: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3006: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3007: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3008: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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503

Figure 3009: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3010: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3011: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3012: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3013: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3014: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.300

-0.200

-0.100

0.000

0.100

0.200

0.300

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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504

6.8.6 PMU E dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

6.8.7 PMU F dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

Figure 3015: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3016: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3017: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3018: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3019: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3020: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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505

Figure 3021: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3022: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3023: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3024: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3025: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3026: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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506

6.8.8 PMU G dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

6.8.9 PMU H dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

Figure 3027: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3028: Fs = 60 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3029: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3030: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3031: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3032: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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507

Figure 3033: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3034: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3035: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3036: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3037: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3038: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 2 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit -0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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508

6.8.10 PMU I dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

PMU I does not support P class

6.8.11 PMU J dynamic ramp of system frequency ROCOF error, P class

Figure 3039: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3040: Fs = 60 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3041: Fs = 30 FPS, ramp from 55 Hz to 65 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3042: Fs = 30 FPS, ram from 65 Hz to 55 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3043: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 56 Hz to 64 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3044: Fs = 20 FPS, ramp from 64 Hz to 56 Hz at =1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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509

Figure 3045: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 57 Hz to 63 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3046: Fs = 15 FPS, ramp from 63 Hz to 57 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3047: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 58.6 Hz to 62.4 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3048: Fs = 12 FPS, ramp from 62.4Hz to 58.6 Hz at -1 Hz/s

Figure 3049: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 58 Hz to 62 Hz at +1 Hz/s Figure 3050: Fs = 10 FPS, ramp from 62 Hz to 58 Hz at -1 Hz/s

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.600

-0.400

-0.200

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0 1 2 3 4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

ramp time(s)

ramp ROCOF error

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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7. Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation

Table of Contents

7. Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation............................................................................................................................................. 510

7.1 Phase modulation voltage TVE, M class.................................................................................................................................................................................... 516

7.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C phase modulation voltage TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 516

7.1.2 PMU A phase modulation voltage TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 517

7.1.3 PMU B phase modulation voltage TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 518

7.1.4 PMU C phase modulation voltage TVE: M class ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 519

7.1.5 PMU D phase modulation voltage TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 520

7.1.6 PMU E phase modulation voltage TVE: M class ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 521

7.1.7 PMU F phase modulation voltage TVE: M class ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 522

7.1.8 PMU G phase modulation voltage TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 523

7.1.9 PMU H phase modulation voltage TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 524

7.1.10 PMU I phase modulation voltage TVE: M class ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 525

7.1.11 PMU J phase modulation voltage TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................................................ 526

7.2 Phase modulation current TVE, M class.................................................................................................................................................................................... 527

7.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C phase modulation current TVE: M class...................................................................................................................................................................... 527

7.2.2 PMU A phase modulation current TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 528

7.2.3 PMU B phase modulation current TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 529

7.2.4 PMU C phase modulation current TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 530

7.2.5 PMU D phase modulation current TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 531

7.2.6 PMU E phase modulation current TVE: M class ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 532

7.2.7 PMU F phase modulation current TVE: M class ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 533

7.2.8 PMU G phase modulation current TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 534

7.2.9 PMU H phase modulation current TVE: M class......................................................................................................................................................................................... 535

7.2.10 PMU I phase modulation current TVE: M class ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 536

7.2.11 PMU J phase modulation current TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................................................ 537

7.3 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error, M class.................................................................................................................... 538

7.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class...................................................................................................... 538

7.3.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class ......................................................................................................................... 539

7.3.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class ......................................................................................................................... 540

7.3.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class ......................................................................................................................... 541

7.3.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class......................................................................................................................... 542

7.3.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class ......................................................................................................................... 543

7.3.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class.......................................................................................................................... 544

7.3.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class......................................................................................................................... 545
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511

7.3.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class......................................................................................................................... 546

7.3.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class ........................................................................................................................ 547

7.3.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class ........................................................................................................................ 548

7.4 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error ...................................................................................................................................... 549

7.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class........................................................................................................... 549

7.4.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class.............................................................................................................................. 550

7.4.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class .............................................................................................................................. 551

7.4.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class.............................................................................................................................. 552

7.4.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class.............................................................................................................................. 553

7.4.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class .............................................................................................................................. 554

7.4.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class............................................................................................................................... 555

7.4.8 PMU G * dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class........................................................................................................................... 556

7.4.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class.............................................................................................................................. 557

7.4.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class ............................................................................................................................. 558

7.4.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class............................................................................................................................. 559

7.5 Phase modulation voltage TVE, P class ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 560

7.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class.............................................................................................................. 560

7.5.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 561

7.5.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 562

7.5.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 563

7.5.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 564

7.5.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................. 564

7.5.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................. 565

7.5.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 565

7.5.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 566

7.5.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................ 566

7.5.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................................ 567

7.6 Phase modulation current TVE, P class ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 568

7.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class.............................................................................................................. 568

7.6.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 569

7.6.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 570

7.6.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 571

7.6.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 572

7.6.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................. 572

7.6.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................. 573

7.6.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 573

7.6.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................. 574

7.6.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class ................................................................................................................................ 574

7.6.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class................................................................................................................................ 575

7.7 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class..................................................................................................................... 576

7.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class ....................................................................................................... 576
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512

7.7.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class .......................................................................................................................... 577

7.7.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class........................................................................................................................... 578

7.7.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class........................................................................................................................... 579

7.7.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class .......................................................................................................................... 580

7.7.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class........................................................................................................................... 580

7.7.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class........................................................................................................................... 581

7.7.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class.......................................................................................................................... 581

7.7.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class .......................................................................................................................... 582

7.7.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class.......................................................................................................................... 582

7.7.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class ......................................................................................................................... 583

7.8 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class.......................................................................................................................... 584

7.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class ............................................................................................................ 584

7.8.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class ............................................................................................................................... 585

7.8.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class................................................................................................................................ 586

7.8.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class................................................................................................................................ 587

7.8.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class ............................................................................................................................... 588

7.8.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class................................................................................................................................ 588

7.8.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class................................................................................................................................ 589

7.8.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class............................................................................................................................... 589

7.8.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class............................................................................................................................... 590

7.8.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class............................................................................................................................... 590

7.8.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class .............................................................................................................................. 591
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513

The measurement bandwidth tests apply modulated input signals to the PMU to ensure that the in-band performance is within limits. The phase modulation 

tests are a series of individual dynamic tests where the input signal phase is modulated at a 10% index of modulation. Individual tests are run with 0.2 Hz 

modulation frequency increments beginning at 0.1 Hz until the modulation frequency has reached the lesser of Fs/5 Hz or 5 Hz for M class and 2 Hz for P class 

PMUs.

The maximum TVE, Fe and RFe of all tests are compared against the limits for TVE, Fe, and RFe to determine if the unit passes or fails the test. 

C37.118.1-2011 amended by C37.118.1a-2014 specifies the limits as:

 max TVE: 3%

 max Fe: 

o M class: 0.06 x min(Fs/5,5)

o P class: 0.03 x min(Fs/10,2)

 max RFe:

o M class: 0.18 x π x (min(Fs/5,5))^2

o P class: 0.18 x π x (min(Fs/10,2))^2

The test plan for measurement bandwidth is as follows:

Xm is the peak amplitude of the input signal 

ω0 is the nominal power system frequency in radians/second (2π F0)

ω is the modulation frequency in radians/second 

kx is the amplitude modulation index 

ka is the phase angle modulation index 

t is time

a) Begin with phase modulated input at ω/2π = 0.1 Hz, kx = 0.1, ka = 0. 

b) Wait for the system to settle. 

c) Capture the PMU output for at least 2 full cycles of modulation or 5 seconds, whichever is greater.

d) Calculate the errors: TVE, FE, RFE for each report.

e) Calculate the Max TVE, FE and RFE.

f) Increase the modulation frequency ω/2π by 0.2 Hz.

g) Repeat steps b through f until the upper frequency range limit is reached. 
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514

To illustrate an example of one PMU’s response to one test, the below plots of TVE, Fe and RFe are shown from the test run on PMU B at Fs = 30 FPS and a phase 

modulation frequency of 4.1 Hz:

Example data from one run of dynamic phase modulation test: PMU B at Fs = 30 FPS, 4.1 Hz modulation frequency

The plots in the body of this section are a compilation of data for all tests made at 0.2 Hz modulation frequency intervals from each reporting rate. The X axis is 

the modulation frequency and the Y axis is TVE, Fe or RFe respectively. In the example below, an arrow indicates the maximum value from the example above.

Example compiled data from all runs of dynamic phase modulation tests from a single reporting rate: PMU B at Fs = 30 FPS

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

time (s)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

time (s)

frequency error

Fe

Fe_Limit

(pos)

Fe)Limit

(neg)

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF erro (Hz/s)

time (s)

ROCOF error

RFe

RFe_Limit

(pos)

RFe_Limit

(neg)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

-0.6

-0.3

0

0.3

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

phase modulation frequency (Hz)

phase modulation frequency error

FE_Limit (pos)

FE_Limit (neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

phase modulation frequency (Hz)

phase modulation ROCOF error

RFE_Limit (pos)

RFE_Limit (neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
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515

Results from the dynamic phase modulation tests

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P F P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P

PMU B P P P P P P P P P P P P P F P P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P P F F P P P

PMU C P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P I P - - - - - - - - - P F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - -

PMU F P P F P P P P P F P P P F P F P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G* F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F F - - - F F P - - - - - - - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I F I I - - - F I I - - - F I I - - - F I I - - - F P I - - - P P P - - -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

P = Pass (measurement is within the limits), F = Fail (measurement is outside the limits), I = Indeterminate (measurement is within the uncertainty of the test 

instrument of the limits)

* PMU G ROCOF output is always 0. 
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

516

7.1 Phase modulation voltage TVE, M class

7.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3051: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3052: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3053: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3054: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3055: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3056: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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517

7.1.2 PMU A phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3057: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3058: Fs = 30 FPS

Figure 3059: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3060: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3061: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3062: Fs = 10 FPS

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+ 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+
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518

7.1.3 PMU B phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3063: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3064: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3065: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3066: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3067: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 3068: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

-1 1 3 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+
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519

7.1.4 PMU C phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3069: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3070: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3071: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3072: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3073: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3074: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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520

7.1.5 PMU D phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3075: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3076: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3077: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3078: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3079: Fs = 12FPS Figure 3080: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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521

7.1.6 PMU E phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3081: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3082: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3083: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3084: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 3085: Fs = 10 FPS

0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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522

7.1.7 PMU F phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3086: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3087: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3088: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3089: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3090: Fs =12 FPS Figure 3091: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

523

7.1.8 PMU G phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3092: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this 

PMU

Figure 3093: Fs = 30 FPS

Figure 3094: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3095: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3096: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3097: Fs = 10 FPS

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit
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524

7.1.9 PMU H phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3098: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3099: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3100: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3101: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3102: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3103: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

525

7.1.10 PMU I phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3104: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3105: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3106: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3107: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3108: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3109: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

526

7.1.11 PMU J phase modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3110: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3111: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3112: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3113: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3114: Fs =12 FPS Figure 3115: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

527

7.2 Phase modulation current TVE, M class

7.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3116: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3117: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3118: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3119: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3120: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3121: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

528

7.2.2 PMU A phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3122: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3123: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3124: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3125: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3126: Fs = 12FPS Figure 3127: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

529

7.2.3 PMU B phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3128: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3129: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3130: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3131: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3132: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3133: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE TVE_Limit

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

530

7.2.4 PMU C phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3134: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3135: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3136: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3137: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3138: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3139: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

531

7.2.5 PMU D phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3140: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3141: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3142: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3143: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3144: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3145: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

532

7.2.6 PMU E phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3146: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3147: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3148: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3149: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 3150: Fs = 10 FPS

0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

2

4

6

8

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

533

7.2.7 PMU F phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3151: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3152: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3153: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3154: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3155: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3156: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

534

7.2.8 PMU G phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3157: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this 

PMU

Figure 3158: Fs = 30 FPS

Figure 3159: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3160: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3161: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3162: Fs = 10 FPS

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

535

7.2.9 PMU H phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3163: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3164: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3165: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3166: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3167: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3168: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

536

7.2.10 PMU I phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3169: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3170: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3171: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3172: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3173: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3174: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

Hz

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

537

7.2.11 PMU J phase modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3175: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3176: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3177: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3178: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3179: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3180: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit 0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

538

7.3 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error, M class

7.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3181: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3182: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3183: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3184: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3185: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3186: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

539

7.3.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3187: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3188: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3189: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3190: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3191: Fs = 12FPS Figure 3192: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

540

7.3.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3193: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3194: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3195: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3196: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3197: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3198: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

phase modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

FE_Limit

(pos)

FE_Limit

(neg)

Min_FE

Max_FE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

541

7.3.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3199: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3200: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3201: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3202: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3203; Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3204: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

542

7.3.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3205: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3206: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3207: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3208: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3209: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3210: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

543

7.3.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3211: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3212: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3213: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3214: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3215: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

544

7.3.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3216: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3217: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3218: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3219: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3220: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3221: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

545

7.3.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3222: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 3223: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3224: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3225: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3226: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3227: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

546

7.3.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3228: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3229: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3230: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3231: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3232: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3233: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

547

7.3.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3234: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3235: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3236: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3237: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3238: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3239: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

548

7.3.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3240: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3241: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3242: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3243: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3244: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3245: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

549

7.4 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error

7.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3246: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3247: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3248: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3249: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3250: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3251: Fs = 10 FPS

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

550

7.4.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3252: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3253: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3254: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3255: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3256: Fs = 12FPS Figure 3257: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

551

7.4.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3258: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3259: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3260: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3261: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3262: Fs = 12 FPS

Figure 3263: Fs = 10 FPS

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 1 2 3 4 5

frequency error (Hz)

phase modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

RFE_Limit

(pos)

RFE_Limit

(neg)

Min_RFE

Max_RFE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

552

7.4.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3264: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3265: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3266: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3267: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3268: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3269: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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553

7.4.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3270: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3271: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3272: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3273: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3274: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3275: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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554

7.4.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3276: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3277: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3278: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3279: Fs = 15 FPS

MISSING DATA

Figure 3280: Fs = 10 FPS

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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555

7.4.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3281: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3282: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3283: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3284: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3285: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3286: Fs = 10 FPS

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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556

7.4.8 PMU G * dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3287: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 3288: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3289: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3290: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3291: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3292: Fs = 10 FPS

* This PMU always outputs ROCOF = 0

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

557

7.4.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3293: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3294: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3295: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3296: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3297: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3298: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

558

7.4.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3299: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3300: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3301: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3302: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3303: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3304: Fs = 10 FPS

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

559

7.4.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3305: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3306: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3307: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3308: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3309: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3310: Fs = 10 FPS

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

560

7.5 Phase modulation voltage TVE, P class

7.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3311: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3312: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3313: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3314: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3315: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3316: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

561

7.5.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3317: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3318: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3319:Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3320: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3321: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3322: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

562

7.5.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3323: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3324: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3325: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3326: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3327: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3328: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

563

7.5.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3329: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3330: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3331: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3332: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3333: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3334: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

564

7.5.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3335: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3336: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3337: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3338: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3339: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3340: Fs = 10 FPS

7.5.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

PMU E does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

565

7.5.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3341: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3342: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3343: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3344: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3345: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3346: Fs = 10 FPS

7.5.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

PMU G does not support P class.

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

566

7.5.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3347: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3348: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3349: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3350: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3351: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3352: Fs = 10 FPS

7.5.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

567

7.5.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3353: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3354: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3355: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3356: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3357: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3358: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

568

7.6 Phase modulation current TVE, P class

7.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3359: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3360: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3361: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3362: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3363: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3364: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

569

7.6.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3365: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3366: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3367:Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3368: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3369: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3370: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

570

7.6.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3371: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3372: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3373: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3374: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3375: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3376: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

571

7.6.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3377: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3378: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3379: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3380: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3381: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3382: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

572

7.6.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3383: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3384: Fs = 30 FPS

Figure 3385: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3386: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3387: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3388: Fs = 10 FPS

7.6.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

PMU E does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

573

7.6.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3389: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3390: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3391: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3392: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3393: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3394: Fs = 10 FPS

7.6.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

PMU G does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

574

7.6.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3395: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3396: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3397: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3398: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3399: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3400: Fs = 10 FPS

7.6.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

575

7.6.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3401: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3402: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3403: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3404: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3405: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3406: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (Hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

576

7.7 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

7.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3407: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3408: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3409: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3410: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3411: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3412: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

577

7.7.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3413: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3414: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3415: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3416: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3417: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3418: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

578

7.7.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3419: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3420: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3421: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3422: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3423: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3424: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

579

7.7.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

Fi gure 3425: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3426: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3427: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3428: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3429: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3430: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

580

7.7.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3431: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3432: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3433: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3434: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3435: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3436: Fs = 10 FPS

7.7.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.015

-0.01

-0.005

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

581

7.7.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3437: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3438: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3439: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3440: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3441: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3442: Fs = 10 FPS

7.7.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

PMU G does not support P class.

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

582

7.7.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3443: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3444: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3445: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3446: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3447: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3448: Fs = 10 FPS

7.7.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.41.61.82.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

583

7.7.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3449: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3450: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3451: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3452: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3453: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3454: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 1.0 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 1.0 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

584

7.8 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

7.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3455: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3456: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3457: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3458: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3459: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3460: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

585

7.8.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3461: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3462: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3463: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3464: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3465: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3466: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-2

0

2

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-2

0

2

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

586

7.8.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3467: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3468: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3469: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3470: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3471: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3472: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

587

7.8.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3473: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3474: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3475: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3476: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3477: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3478: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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588

7.8.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3479: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3480: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3481: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3482: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3483: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3484: Fs = 10 FPS

7.8.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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589

7.8.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

7.8.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

PMU G does not support P class

Figure 3485: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3486: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3487: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3488: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3489: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3490: Fs = 10 FPS

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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590

7.8.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3491: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3492: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3493: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3494: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3495: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3496: Fs = 10 FPS

7.8.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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591

7.8.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: phase modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3497: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3498: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3499: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3500: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3501: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3502: Fs = 10 FPS

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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592

8. Dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation

8. Dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation .................................................................................................................................... 592

8.1 Amplitude modulation TVE, M class........................................................................................................................................................................................ 597

8.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class.............................................................................................................................................................597

8.1.2 PMU A amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................................598

8.1.3 PMU B amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................................599

8.1.4 PMU C amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................................600

8.1.5 PMU D amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................................601

8.1.6 PMU E amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................602

8.1.7 PMU F amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................603

8.1.8 PMU G amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................................604

8.1.9 PMU H amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................................605

8.1.10 PMU I amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class ...............................................................................................................................................................................606

8.1.11 PMU J amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class...............................................................................................................................................................................607

8.2 Amplitude modulation current TVE: M class........................................................................................................................................................................... 608

8.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C amplitude modulation current TVE: M class.............................................................................................................................................................608

8.2.2 PMU A amplitude modulation current TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................................609

8.2.3 PMU B amplitude modulation current TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................................610

8.2.4 PMU C amplitude modulation current TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................................611

8.2.5 PMU D amplitude modulation current TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................................612

8.2.6 PMU E amplitude modulation current TVE: M class ................................................................................................................................................................................613

8.2.7 PMU F amplitude modulation current TVE: M class.................................................................................................................................................................................614

8.2.8 PMU G amplitude modulation current TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................................615

8.2.9 PMU H amplitude modulation current TVE: M class................................................................................................................................................................................616

8.2.10 PMU I amplitude modulation current TVE: M class ...............................................................................................................................................................................617

8.2.11 PMU J amplitude modulation current TVE: M class...............................................................................................................................................................................618

8.3 Amplitude modulation frequency error: M class.................................................................................................................................................................... 619

8.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C amplitude modulation frequency error: M class.......................................................................................................................................................619

8.3.2 PMU A amplitude modulation frequency error: M class..........................................................................................................................................................................620

8.3.3 PMU B amplitude modulation frequency error: M class..........................................................................................................................................................................621

8.3.4 PMU C amplitude modulation frequency error: M class..........................................................................................................................................................................622

8.3.5 PMU D amplitude modulation frequency error: M class .........................................................................................................................................................................623

8.3.6 PMU E amplitude modulation frequency error: M class..........................................................................................................................................................................624

8.3.7 PMU F amplitude modulation frequency error: M class..........................................................................................................................................................................625

8.3.8 PMU G amplitude modulation frequency error: M class .........................................................................................................................................................................626

8.3.9 PMU H amplitude modulation frequency error: M class .........................................................................................................................................................................627

8.3.10 PMU I amplitude modulation frequency error: M class.........................................................................................................................................................................628

8.3.11 PMU J amplitude modulation frequency error: M class.........................................................................................................................................................................629

8.4 Amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class......................................................................................................................................................................... 630
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593

8.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class............................................................................................................................................................630

8.4.2 PMU A amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class...............................................................................................................................................................................631

8.4.3 PMU B amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class...............................................................................................................................................................................632

8.4.4 PMU C amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class...............................................................................................................................................................................633

8.4.5 PMU D amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class ..............................................................................................................................................................................634

8.4.6 PMU E amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class...............................................................................................................................................................................635

8.4.7 PMU F amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class...............................................................................................................................................................................636

8.4.8 PMU G * amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class ...........................................................................................................................................................................637

8.4.9 PMU H amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class ..............................................................................................................................................................................638

8.4.10 PMU I amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class..............................................................................................................................................................................639

8.4.11 PMU J amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class..............................................................................................................................................................................640

8.5 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class................................................................................................................... 641

8.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class.....................................................................................................641

8.5.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................642

8.5.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................643

8.5.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................644

8.5.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class........................................................................................................................645

8.5.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................645

8.5.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class.........................................................................................................................646

8.5.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class........................................................................................................................646

8.5.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class........................................................................................................................647

8.5.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class .......................................................................................................................647

8.5.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class .......................................................................................................................648

8.6 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class .................................................................................................................. 649

8.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class.....................................................................................................649

8.6.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class........................................................................................................................650

8.6.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................651

8.6.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................652

8.6.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class........................................................................................................................653

8.6.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class ........................................................................................................................653

8.6.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class.........................................................................................................................654

8.6.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class........................................................................................................................654

8.6.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class........................................................................................................................655

8.6.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class .......................................................................................................................655

8.6.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class.......................................................................................................................655

8.7 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class............................................................................................................ 656

8.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class...............................................................................................656

8.7.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class..................................................................................................................657

8.7.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class..................................................................................................................658

8.7.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class..................................................................................................................659

8.7.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class..................................................................................................................660
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594

8.7.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class..................................................................................................................660

8.7.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class ..................................................................................................................661

8.7.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class .................................................................................................................661

8.7.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class .................................................................................................................662

8.7.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class.................................................................................................................662

8.7.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class.................................................................................................................663

8.8 dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class ................................................................................................................. 664

8.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class ...................................................................................................664

8.8.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class.......................................................................................................................665

8.8.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class.......................................................................................................................666

8.8.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class.......................................................................................................................667

8.8.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class ......................................................................................................................668

8.8.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class.......................................................................................................................668

8.8.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class.......................................................................................................................669

8.8.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class ......................................................................................................................669

8.8.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class ......................................................................................................................670

8.8.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class......................................................................................................................670

8.8.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class......................................................................................................................671
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595

The measurement bandwidth tests apply modulated input signals to the PMU to ensure that the in-band performance is within limits. The amplitude 

modulation tests are a series of individual dynamic tests where the input signal amplitude is modulated at a 10% index of modulation. Individual tests are run 

with 0.2 Hz modulation frequency increments beginning at 0.1 Hz until the modulation frequency has reached the lesser of Fs/5 Hz or 5 Hz for M class and 2 Hz 

for P class PMUs.

The maximum TVE, Fe and RFe of all tests are compared against the limits for TVE, Fe, and RFe to determine if the unit passes or fails the test. 

C37.118.1-2011 amended by C37.118.1a-2014 specifies the limits as:

 max TVE: 3%

 max Fe: 

o M class: 0.06 x min(Fs/5,5)

o P class: 0.03 x min(Fs/10,2)

 max RFe:

o M class: 0.18 x π x (min(Fs/5,5))^2

o P class: 0.18 x π x (min(Fs/10,2))^2

The test plan for measurement bandwidth is as follows:

Xm is the peak amplitude of the input signal 

ω0 is the nominal power system frequency in radians/second (2π F0)

ω is the modulation frequency in radians/second 

kx is the amplitude modulation index 

ka is the phase angle modulation index 

t is time

a) Begin with phase modulated input at ω/2π = 0.1 Hz, kx = 0.1, ka = 0. 

b) Wait for the system to settle. 

c) Capture the PMU output for at least 2 full cycles of modulation or 5 seconds, whichever is greater.

d) Calculate the errors: TVE, FE, RFE for each report.

e) Calculate the Max TVE, FE and RFE.

f) Increase the modulation frequency ω/2π by 0.2 Hz.

g) Repeat steps b through f until the upper frequency range limit is reached. 
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596

Results from the dynamic phase modulation tests

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

Test

T

V

E

FE RF

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

T

V

E

F

E

R

F

E

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU B P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU C P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P P P - - - - - - - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - -

PMU F P P P P P P F P P P P P F P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G* F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - - - - - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - F P P - - - P P P - - -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

P = Pass (measurement is within the limits), F = Fail (measurement is outside the limits), I = Indeterminate (measurement is within the uncertainty of the test instrument of the 

limits)

* PMU G ROCOF output is always 0
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597

8.1 Amplitude modulation TVE, M class

8.1.1 C37.118.1 Annex C amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3503: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3504: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3505: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3506: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3507: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3508: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

598

8.1.2 PMU A amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3509: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3510: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3511: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3512: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3513: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3514: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

599

8.1.3 PMU B amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3515: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3516: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3517: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3518: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3519: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3520: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

600

8.1.4 PMU C amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3521: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3522: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3523: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3524: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3525: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3526: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

601

8.1.5 PMU D amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3527: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3528: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3529: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3530: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3531: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3532: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

602

8.1.6 PMU E amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3533: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3534: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3535: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3536: Fs = 15 FPS

Figure 3537: Fs = 12 FPS data was lost.

Figure 3538: Fs = 10 FPS

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

603

8.1.7 PMU F amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3539: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3540: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3541: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3542: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3543: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3544: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

604

8.1.8 PMU G amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3545: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this 

PMU

Figure 3546: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3547: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3548: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3549: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3550: Fs = 10 FPS

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_VA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

605

8.1.9 PMU H amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3551: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3552: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3553: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3554: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3555: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3556: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

606

8.1.10 PMU I amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3557: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3558: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3559: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3560: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3561: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3562: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

607

8.1.11 PMU J amplitude modulation voltage TVE: M class

Figure 3563: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3564: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3565: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3566: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3567: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3568: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

608

8.2 Amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

8.2.1 C37.118.1 Annex C amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3569: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3570: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3571: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3572: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3573: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3574: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

609

8.2.2 PMU A amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3575: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3576: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3577: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3578: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3579: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3580: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 2 3 4 5

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

610

8.2.3 PMU B amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3581: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3582: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3583: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3584: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3585: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3586: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

611

8.2.4 PMU C amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3587: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3588: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3589: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3590: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3591: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3592: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.6 1.2 1.8 2.4

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

612

8.2.5 PMU D amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3593: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3594: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3595: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3596: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3597: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3598: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

613

8.2.6 PMU E amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3599: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3600: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3601: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3602: Fs = 15 FPS

Figure 3603: Fs = 12 FPS data was lost.

Figure 3604: Fs = 10 FPS

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

614

8.2.7 PMU F amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3605: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3606: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3607: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3608: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3609: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3610: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

615

8.2.8 PMU G amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3611: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this 

PMU

Figure 3612: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3613: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3614: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3615: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3616: Fs = 10 FPS

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

616

8.2.9 PMU H amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3617: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3618: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3619: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3620: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3621: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3622: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

617

8.2.10 PMU I amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3623: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3624: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3625: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3626: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3627: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3628: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

618

8.2.11 PMU J amplitude modulation current TVE: M class

Figure 3629: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3630: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3631: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3632: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3633: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3634: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

619

8.3 Amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

8.3.1 C37.118.1 Annex C amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3635: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3636: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3637: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3638: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3639: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3640: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

620

8.3.2 PMU A amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3641: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3642: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3643: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3644: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3645: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3646: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

621

8.3.3 PMU B amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3647: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3648: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3649: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3650: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3651: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3652: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

622

8.3.4 PMU C amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3653: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3654: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3655: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3656: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3657: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3658: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

623

8.3.5 PMU D amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3659: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3660: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3661: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3662: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3663: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3664: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

624

8.3.6 PMU E amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3665: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3666: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3667: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3668: Fs = 15 FPS

Figure 3669: Fs = 12 FPS data was lost

Figure 3670: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

625

8.3.7 PMU F amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3671: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3672: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3673: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3674: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3675: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3676: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

626

8.3.8 PMU G amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3677: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this 

PMU

Figure 3678: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3679: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3680: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3681: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3682: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

627

8.3.9 PMU H amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3683: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3684: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3685: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3686: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3687: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3688: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

628

8.3.10 PMU I amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3689: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3690: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3691: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3692: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3693: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3694: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

629

8.3.11 PMU J amplitude modulation frequency error: M class

Figure 3695: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3696: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3697: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3698: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3699: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3700: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

-1E-15

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

630

8.4 Amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

8.4.1 C37.118.1 Annex C amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3701: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3702: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3703: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3704: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3705: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3706: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

631

8.4.2 PMU A amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3707: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3708: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3709: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3710: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3711: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3712: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0 1 2 3 4 5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

632

8.4.3 PMU B amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3713: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3714: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3715: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3716: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3717: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3718: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

633

8.4.4 PMU C amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3719: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3720: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3721: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3722: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3723: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3724: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

634

8.4.5 PMU D amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3725: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3726: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3727: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3728: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3729: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3730: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

635

8.4.6 PMU E amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3731: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3732: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3733: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3734: Fs = 15 FPS

Figure 3735: Fs = 12 FPS data was lost

Figure 3736: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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636

8.4.7 PMU F amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3737: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3738: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3739: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3740: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3741: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3742: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

637

8.4.8 PMU G * amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3743: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this 

PMU

Figure 3744: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3745: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3746: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3747: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3748: Fs = 10 FPS

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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638

8.4.9 PMU H amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3749: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3750: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3751: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3752: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3753: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3754: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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639

8.4.10 PMU I amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3755: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3756: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3757: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3758: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3759: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3760: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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640

8.4.11 PMU J amplitude modulation ROCOF error: M class

Figure 3761: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3762: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3763: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3764: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3765: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3766: Fs = 10 FPS

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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641

8.5 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

8.5.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3767: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3768: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3769: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3770: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3771: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3772: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

642

8.5.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3773: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3774: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3775: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3776: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3777: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3778: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 1 2 2

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

643

8.5.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3779: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3780: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3781: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3782: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3783: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3784: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

644

8.5.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3785: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3786: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3787: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3788: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3789: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3790: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

645

8.5.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3791: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3792: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3793: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3794: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3795: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3796: Fs = 10 FPS

8.5.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

PMU E does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

646

8.5.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3797: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3798: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3799: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3800: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3801: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3802: Fs = 10 FPS

8.5.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

PMU G does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

647

8.5.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3803: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3804: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3805: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3806: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3807: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3808: Fs = 10 FPS

8.5.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

648

8.5.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation voltage TVE: P class

Figure 3809: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3810: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3811: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3812: Fs = 15 FPS

Figure 3813: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3814: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE MaxTVE_V

A

MaxTVE_V

B

MaxTVE_V

C

MaxTVE_V

+

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

voltage TVE

MaxTVE_VA

MaxTVE_VB

MaxTVE_VC

MaxTVE_V+

TVE_Limit
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649

8.6 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

8.6.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3815: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3816: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3817: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3818: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3819: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3820: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

650

8.6.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3821: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3822: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3823: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3824: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3825: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3826: fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0 1 1 2 2

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

651

8.6.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3827: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3828: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3829: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3830: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3831: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3832: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

652

8.6.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3833: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3834: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3835: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3836: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3837: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3838: Fs = 10 FPS

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

653

8.6.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3839: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3840: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3841: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3842: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3843: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3844: Fs = 10 FPS

8.6.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

PMU E does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IA

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

654

8.6.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3845: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3846: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3847: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3848: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3849: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3850: Fs = 10 FPS

8.6.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

PMU G does not support P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

655

8.6.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

Figure 3851: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3852: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3853: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3854: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3855: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3856: Fs = 10 FPS

8.6.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

PMU I does not support P class

8.6.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation current TVE: P class

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

TVE (%)

modulation frequency (hz)

current TVE

MaxTVE_IA

MaxTVE_IB

MaxTVE_IC

MaxTVE_I+

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

656

8.7 Dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

8.7.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3857: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3858: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3859: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3860: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3861: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3862: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.075

-0.05

-0.025

0

0.025

0.05

0.075

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

657

8.7.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3863: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3864: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3865: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3866: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3867: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3868: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

658

8.7.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3869: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3870: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3871: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3872: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3873: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3874: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

659

8.7.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3875: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3876: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3877: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3878: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3879: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3880: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

660

8.7.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3881: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3882: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3883: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3884: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3885: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3886: Fs = 10 FPS

8.7.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

661

8.7.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3887: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3888: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3889: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3890: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3891: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3892: Fs = 10 FPS

8.7.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

PMU G does not support P class

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

662

8.7.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3893: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3894: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3895: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3896: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3897: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3898: Fs = 10 FPS

8.7.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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663

8.7.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation frequency error: P class

Figure 3899: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3900: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3901: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3902: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3903: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3904: Fs = 10 FPS

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 1.0 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 1.0 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 1.0 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 1.0 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 1.0 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.2

-0.15

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.0 1.0 2.0

frequency error (Hz)

modulation frequency (Hz)

frequency error

Min_FE

Max_FE

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
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664

8.8 dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

8.8.1 C37.118.1 Annex C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3905: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3906: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3907: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3908: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3909: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3910: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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665

8.8.2 PMU A dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3911: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3912: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3913: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3914: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3915: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3916: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

666

8.8.3 PMU B dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3917: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3918: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3919: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3920: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3921: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3922: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
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667

8.8.4 PMU C dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3923: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3924: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3925: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3926: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3927: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3928: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

668

8.8.5 PMU D dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3929: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3930: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3931: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3932: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3933: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3934: Fs = 10 FPS

8.8.6 PMU E dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

PMU E does not support P class

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

669

8.8.7 PMU F dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3935: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3936: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3937: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3938: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3939: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3940: Fs = 10 FPS

8.8.8 PMU G dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

PMU G does not support P class

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

670

8.8.9 PMU H dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3941: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3942: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3943: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3944: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3945: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3946: Fs = 10 FPS

8.8.10 PMU I dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

PMU I does not support P class

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

671

8.8.11 PMU J dynamic bandwidth measurement: amplitude modulation ROCOF error: P class

Figure 3947: Fs = 60 FPS Figure 3948: Fs = 30 FPS Figure 3949: Fs = 20 FPS

Figure 3950: Fs = 15 FPS Figure 3951: Fs = 12 FPS Figure 3952: Fs = 10 FPS

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

0.0 1.0 2.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

modulation frequency (Hz)

ROCOF error

Min_RFE

Max_RFE

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

672

9. Dynamic step change in phase

9. Dynamic step change in phase ................................................................................................................................................................................. 672

9.1 Dynamic step change in phase: voltage response time: ......................................................................................................................................................... 677

9.1.1 C37.118.1a Annex C dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class............................................................................................................678

9.1.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................681

9.1.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................683

9.1.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................685

9.1.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................687

9.1.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................689

9.1.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................691

9.1.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................693

9.1.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................695

9.1.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................................697

9.1.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ...............................................................................................................................699

9.2 Dynamic step change in phase: current response time .......................................................................................................................................................... 701

9.2.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class....................................................................................................701

9.2.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................703

9.2.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................705

9.2.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................707

9.2.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................709

9.2.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................711

9.2.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................713

9.2.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................715

9.2.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................717

9.2.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................................719

9.2.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ...............................................................................................................................721

9.3 Dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P Class............................................................................................................................ 723

9.3.1 C37.118.1a Annex C dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.............................................................................................................723

9.3.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................725

9.3.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................727

9.3.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................729

9.3.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................731

9.3.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ..................................................................................................................................733

9.3.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ..................................................................................................................................733

9.3.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................735

9.3.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................735

9.3.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................................737
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9.3.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................................737

9.4 Dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P Class............................................................................................................................ 739

9.4.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .....................................................................................................739

9.4.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................741

9.4.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................743

9.4.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................745

9.4.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................747

9.4.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ..................................................................................................................................749

9.4.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ..................................................................................................................................749

9.4.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................751

9.4.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................751

9.4.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................................752

9.4.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................................753

9.5 Dynamic step change in phase: frequency response time...................................................................................................................................................... 755

9.5.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................755

9.5.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class............................................................................................................................758

9.5.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ............................................................................................................................760

9.5.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ............................................................................................................................762

9.5.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class............................................................................................................................764

9.5.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ............................................................................................................................766

9.5.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.............................................................................................................................768

9.5.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class............................................................................................................................770

9.5.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class............................................................................................................................772

9.5.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ...........................................................................................................................774

9.5.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class...........................................................................................................................776

9.6 Dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P Class ....................................................................................................................... 778

9.6.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................778

9.6.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .............................................................................................................................780

9.6.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..............................................................................................................................782

9.6.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..............................................................................................................................784

9.6.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .............................................................................................................................786

9.6.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..............................................................................................................................788

9.6.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..............................................................................................................................788

9.6.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .............................................................................................................................790

9.6.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .............................................................................................................................790

9.6.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.............................................................................................................................792

9.6.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ............................................................................................................................792

9.7 Dynamic step change in phase: ROCOF response time........................................................................................................................................................... 794

9.7.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ...................................................................................................................794

9.7.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................797
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9.7.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................799

9.7.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class .................................................................................................................................801

9.7.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................803

9.7.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class .................................................................................................................................805

9.7.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class..................................................................................................................................807

9.7.8 PMU G * dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class..............................................................................................................................809

9.7.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................................811

9.7.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................................813

9.7.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................................815

9.8 Dynamic step change in phase: ROCOF response time: P class.............................................................................................................................................. 817

9.8.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.....................................................................................................................817

9.8.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ..................................................................................................................................819

9.8.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................................821

9.8.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................................823

9.8.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ..................................................................................................................................825

9.8.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................................827

9.8.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................................827

9.8.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .................................................................................................................................829

9.8.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................829

9.8.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................................830

9.8.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .................................................................................................................................831

9.9 Dynamic step change in phase: phasor overshoot: M class.................................................................................................................................................... 833

Dynamic step change in phase: phasor delay time M class.......................................................................................................................................................... 833

9.9.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ...........................................................................................................834

9.9.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................................836

9.9.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................................838

9.9.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................................840

9.9.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................................842

9.9.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ........................................................................................................................................844

9.9.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ........................................................................................................................................846

9.9.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.......................................................................................................................................848

9.9.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................................850

9.9.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.......................................................................................................................................852

9.9.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.......................................................................................................................................854

9.10 Dynamic step change in phase: phasor overshoot: P class................................................................................................................................................... 856

Dynamic step change in phase: phasor delay time P class............................................................................................................................................................ 856

9.10.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...........................................................................................................856

9.10.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................................858

9.10.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................................860
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9.10.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................................862

9.10.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................................864

9.10.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class........................................................................................................................................866

9.10.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class........................................................................................................................................866

9.10.8 PMU G * dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class....................................................................................................................................869

9.10.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................................869

9.10.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ......................................................................................................................................872

9.10.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ......................................................................................................................................872
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Performance during step changes in phase is determined by applying ±10% step changes of phase. Response time and delay time of the phasors, frequency, 

and ROCOF measurements are compared to the limits. Overshoot of the phasors are compared to the limits.

A recommended practice for measuring a PMU’s response to step changes in input is to run a series of n step sub-tests where the occurrence of the step is 

displaced in time relative to the PMU report-time. During each (nth) iteration of 10 sub-tests, the step occurs 1/10th of a reporting period further from the time 

of the report than the previous iteration of the subtest. The results are combined to trace an equivalent time sampled response curve. During each sub-test, 

the phase is stepped, the response data are gathered, and the phase is returned to its previous value in preparation for the next sub-test in the series. At the 

end of the series of sub-tests, the TVE, FE, RFE results and the PMU reported phase data from all sub-tests are indexed and overlaid to create smooth curves

approximating the step response of the PMU. From the curves, delay time, response time, and overshoot/undershoot shall be calculated

The test plan for step change in phase and magnitude is as follows:

a) For the first test, let n = 0.

b) Begin with three-phase balanced input at nominal amplitude and frequency. Hold steady state for at least 1 second plus one response time period.

c) At the beginning of a reporting cycle plus n / (10 × Fs) (i.e., n × reporting period/10) step the magnitude by +10% of the nominal magnitude and hold steady state for at 

least 1 second plus one response time period.

d) Gather the PMU data, return the influence quantity to nominal and wait for the PMU to settle.

e) Increment n by one (n = n + 1), then repeat step c) through step d) until n = 10 – 1.

f) Index and overlay the PMU data to obtain a smooth response curve.

g) Repeat the tests for negative magnitude step.

IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014 sets the M class response time limit for M class phasors at 7/Fs and for frequency and ROCOF at the greater of 14/Fs or 14/F0.

IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014 sets the P class response time limit for phasors at 2/F0 the delay time limit at 1/(4FS) and the overshoot at 5% of the step magnitude.

IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014 sets the P class response time limit for frequency at 4.5/F0 and for ROCOF at 6/F0.

IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011 sets the M class phasor delay time at 1/(4Fs) and the max overshoot at 10% of the step magnitude.

IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011 sets the P class phasor delay time at 1/(4Fs) and the max overshoot at 5% of the step magnitude.

The response time plots in this section show the limit of TVE, Fe, or RFe as a green horizontal line. A red vertical line appears at the response time limits. note 

that the limits are not interpolated, the first vertical red line appears at the first report which is above the TVE, FE or RFE limit and the second red line is at the 

response time limit away from the first. The PMU response must return and remain below the green line before the second vertical red line is crossed in order 

to comply with the response time limit. 

The overshoot plots in this section show red horizontal lines at the overshoot/undershoot limits around the magnitude before and after the step.
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9.1 Dynamic step change in phase: voltage response time:

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU B P F P F P F P F P F P F

PMU C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU D P I P I P I P I P I P I

PMU E P - P - P - P - P - F -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G P - P - P - P - F - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P

P = pass, F = fail, I = indeterminate
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9.1.1 C37.118.1a Annex C dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 3953: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3954: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3955: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3956: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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Figure 3957: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3958: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3959: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3960: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3961: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3962: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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Figure 3963: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3964: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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9.1.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 3965: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3966: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3967: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3968: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3969: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3970: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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Figure 3971: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3972: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3973: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3974: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3975: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3976: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

683

9.1.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 3977: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3978: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3979: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3980: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3981: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3982: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

684

Figure 3983: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3984: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3985: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3986: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3987: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3988: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

685

9.1.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 3989: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3990: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3991: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3992: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3993: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3994: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.40 -0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

686

Figure 3995: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3996: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3997: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 3998: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 3999: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4000: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

687

9.1.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4001: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4002: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4003: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4004: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4005: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4006: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

688

Figure 4007: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4008: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4009: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4010: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4011: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4012: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

689

9.1.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4013: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4014: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4015: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4016: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4017: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4018: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

690

Figure 4019: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4020: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4021: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4022: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4023: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4024: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

691

9.1.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4025: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4026: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4027: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4028: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4029: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4030: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

692

Figure 4031: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4032: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4033: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4034: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4035: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4036: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

693

9.1.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4037: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 4038: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4039: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4040: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4041: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4042: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4043: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

694

Figure 4044: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4045: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4046: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4047: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

695

9.1.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4048: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4049: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4050: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4051: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4052: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4053: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

696

Figure 4054: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4055: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4056: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4057: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4058: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4059: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

697

9.1.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4060: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4061: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4062: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4063: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4064: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4065: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

698

Figure 4066: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4067: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4068: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4069: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4070: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4071: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

699

9.1.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4072: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4073: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4074: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4075: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4076: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4077: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

700

Figure 4078: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4079: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4080: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4081: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4082: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4083: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

701

9.2 Dynamic step change in phase: current response time

9.2.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4084: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4085: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4086: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4087: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4088: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4089: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

702

Figure 4090: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4091: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4092: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4093: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4094: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4095: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

703

9.2.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4096: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4097: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4098: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4099: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4100: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4101: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

704

Figure 4102: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4103: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4104: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4105: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4106: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4107: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

705

9.2.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4108: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4109: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4110: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4111: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4112: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4113: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

706

Figure 4114: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4115: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4116: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4117: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4118: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4119: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

707

9.2.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4120: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4121: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4122: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4123: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4124: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4125: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

708

Figure 4126: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4127: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4128: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4129: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4130: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4131: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

709

9.2.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4132: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4133: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4134: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4135: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4136: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4137: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

710

Figure 4138: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4139: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4140: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4141: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4142: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4143: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

711

9.2.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4144: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4145: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4146: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4147: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4148: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4149: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

712

Figure 4150: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4151: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4152: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4153: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4154: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4155: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

713

9.2.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4156: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4157: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4158: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4159: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4160: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4161: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

714

Figure 4162: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4163: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4164: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4165: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4166: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4167: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

715

9.2.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4168: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 4169: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4170: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4171: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4172: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

Figure 4173: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4174: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

716

Figure 4175: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4176: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4177: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4178: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

5

10

15

20

-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

717

9.2.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4179: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4180: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4181: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4182: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4183: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4184: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseC_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT

RT
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

718

Figure 4185: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4186: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4187: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4188: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4189: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4190: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

719

9.2.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4191: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4192: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4193: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4194: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4195: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4196: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

720

Figure 4197: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4198: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4199: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4200: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4201: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4202: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

721

9.2.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4203: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4204: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4205: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4206: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4207: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4208: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

722

Figure 4209: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4210: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4211: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4212: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4213: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4214: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

723

9.3 Dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P Class

9.3.1 C37.118.1a Annex C dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4215: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4216: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4217: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4218: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4219: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4220: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

724

Figure 4221: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4222: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4223: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4224: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4225: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4226: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

725

9.3.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4227: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4228: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4229: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4230: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4231: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4232: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

726

Figure 4233: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4234: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4235: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4236: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4237: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4238: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

727

9.3.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4239: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4240: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4241: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4242: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4243: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4244: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

728

Figure 4245: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4246: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4247: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4248: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4249: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4250: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

729

9.3.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4251: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4252: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4253: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4254: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4255: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4256: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

730

Figure 4257: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4258: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4259: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4260: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4261: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4262: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

731

9.3.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4263: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4264: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4265: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4266: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4267: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4268: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4269: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4270: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

732

Figure 4271: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4272: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4273: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4274: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

733

9.3.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

9.3.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4275: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4276: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4277: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4278: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4279: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4280: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

734

Figure 4281: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4282: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4283: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4284: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4285: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4286: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

735

9.3.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

9.3.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4287: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4288: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4289: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4290: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4291: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4292: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

736

Figure 4293: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4294: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4295: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4296: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4297: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4298: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

737

9.3.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does not support P class

9.3.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4299: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4300: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4301: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4302: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4303: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4304: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

738

Figure 4305: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4306: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4307: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4308: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4309: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4310: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

739

9.4 Dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P Class

9.4.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4311: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4312: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4313: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4314: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4315: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4316: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

740

Figure 4317: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4318: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4319: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4320: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4321: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4322: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

741

9.4.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4323: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4324: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4325: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4326: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4327: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4328: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

742

Figure 4329: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4330: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4331: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4332: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4333: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4334: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

743

9.4.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4335: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4336: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4337: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4338: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4339: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4340: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

744

Figure 4341: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4342: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4343: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4344: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4345: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4346: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

745

9.4.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4347: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4348: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4349: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4350: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4351: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4352: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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746

Figure 4353: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4354: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4355: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4356: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4357: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4358: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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747

9.4.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4359: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4360: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4361: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4362: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4363: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4364: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

Figure 4365: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4366: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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748

Figure 4367: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4368: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4369: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4370: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

0

1

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE
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749

9.4.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

9.4.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4371: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4372: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4373: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4374: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4375: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4376: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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750

Figure 4377: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4378: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4379: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4380: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4381: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4382: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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751

9.4.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

9.4.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4383: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4384: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4385: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4386: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4387: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4388: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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752

9.4.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does not support P class

Figure 4389: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4390: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4391: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4392: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4393: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4394: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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753

9.4.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4395: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4396: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4397: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4398: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4399: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4400: Fs = 20 FPS, - 10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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754

Figure 4401: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4402: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4403: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4404: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4405: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4406: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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9.5 Dynamic step change in phase: frequency response time

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU B P F P F P F P F P F P F

PMU C P F P F P F P F P P P F

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P - - - P - P - P - P -

PMU F P P P P P F P F P F P F

PMU G P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P

9.5.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4407: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4408: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4409: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4410: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

756

Figure 4411: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4412: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4413: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4414: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4415: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4416: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

757

Figure 4417: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4418: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

758

9.5.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4419: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4420: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4421: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4422: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4423: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4424: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

759

Figure 4425: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4426: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4427: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4428: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4429: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4430: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

760

9.5.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4431: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4432: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4433: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4434: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4435: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4436: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

761

Figure 4437: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4438: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4439: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4440: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4441: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4442: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

762

9.5.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4443: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4444: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4445: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4446: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4447: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4448: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

763

Figure 4449: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4450: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4451: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4452: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4453: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4454: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10 1.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10 1.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

764

9.5.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4455: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4456: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4457: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4458: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4459: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4460: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

765

Figure 4461: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4462: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4463: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4464: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4465: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4466: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.50 -0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.50 -0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

766

9.5.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4467: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4468: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4469: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4470: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4471: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4472: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

767

Figure 4473: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4474: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4475: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4476: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4477: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4478: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

768

9.5.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4479: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4480: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4481: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4482: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4483: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4484: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

769

Figure 4485: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4486: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4487: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4488: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4489: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4490: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.6-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.6-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

770

9.5.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4491: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4492: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4493: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4494: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4495: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4496: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4497: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4498: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

771

Figure 4499: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4500: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4501: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4502: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.5

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.5

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

772

9.5.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4503: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4504: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4505: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4506: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4507: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4508: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

773

Figure 4509: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4510: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4511: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4512: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4513: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4514: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.200.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

774

9.5.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4515: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4516: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4517: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4518: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4519: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4520: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

775

Figure 4521: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4522: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4523: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4524: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4525: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4526: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

776

9.5.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4527: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4528: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4529: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4530: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4531: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4532: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

777

Figure 4533: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4534: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4535: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4536: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4537: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4538: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

778

9.6 Dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P Class

9.6.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4539: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4540: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4541: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4542: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4543: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4544: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

779

Figure 4545: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4546: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4547: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4548: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4549: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4550: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

780

9.6.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4551: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4552: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4553: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4554: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4555: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4556: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

781

Figure 4557: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4558: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4559: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4560: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4561: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4562: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

782

9.6.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4563: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4564: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4565: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4566: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4567: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4568: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

783

Figure 4569: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4570: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4571: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4572: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4573: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4574: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

784

9.6.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4575: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4576: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4577: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4578: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4579: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4580: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

785

Figure 4581: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4582: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4583: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4584: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4585: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4586: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

786

9.6.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4587: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4588: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4589: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4590: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4591: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4592: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

0.00

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency 

error (Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

0.00

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency 

error (Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

787

Figure 4593: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4594: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4595: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4596: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4597: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4598: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

0.00

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency 

error (Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

0.00

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency 

error (Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

788

9.6.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class

9.6.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4599: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4600: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4601: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4602: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4603: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4604: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

789

Figure 4605: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4606: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4607: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4608: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4609: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4610: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

790

9.6.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

9.6.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4611: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4612: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4613: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4614: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4615: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4616: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

791

Figure 4617: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4618: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4619: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4620: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4621: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4622: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

792

9.6.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does not support P class

9.6.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4623: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4624: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4625: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4626: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4627: Fs = 20 FPS, + 10 degree phase step Figure 4628: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

793

Figure 4629: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4630: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4631: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4632: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4633: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4634: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

794

9.7 Dynamic step change in phase: ROCOF response time

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A - F - F - F - F - F - F

PMU B P F P F P F P F P F P F

PMU C P F P F P F P F P F P F

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P - - - P - P - P - P -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P F

PMU G* P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - F -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0

9.7.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4635: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4636: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4637: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4638: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

795

Figure 4639: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4640: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

Figure 4641: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4642: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4643: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4644: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

796

Figure 4645: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4646: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

797

9.7.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4647: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4648: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4649: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4650: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4651: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4652: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

798

Figure 4653: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4654: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4655: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4656: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4657: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4658: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

799

9.7.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4659: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4660: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4661: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4662: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4663: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4664: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

800

Figure 4665: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4666: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4667: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4668: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4669: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4670: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

801

9.7.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4671: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4672: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4673: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4674: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4675: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4676: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

802

Figure 4677: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4678: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4679: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4680: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4681: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4682: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10 1.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10 1.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

803

9.7.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4683: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4684: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4685: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4686: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4687: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4688: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

804

Figure 4689: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4690: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4691: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4692: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4693: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4694: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.50 -0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.50 -0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

805

9.7.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4695: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4696: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4697: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4698: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4699: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4700: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

806

Figure 4701: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4702: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4703: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4704: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4705: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4706: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

807

9.7.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4707: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4708: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4709: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4710: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4711: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4712: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

808

Figure 4713: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4714: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4715: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4716: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4717: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4718: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

809

9.7.8 PMU G * dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4719: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 4720: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4721: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4722: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4723: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

Figure 4724: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4725: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

810

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0

Figure 4726: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4727: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4728: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4729: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

811

9.7.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4730: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4731: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4732: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4733: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4734: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4735: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

812

Figure 4736: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4737: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4738: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4739: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4740: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4741: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.00-0.80-0.60-0.40-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

813

9.7.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4742: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4743: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4744: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4745: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4746: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4747: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

814

Figure 4748: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4749: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4750: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4751: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4752: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4753: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

815

9.7.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4754: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4755: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4756: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4757: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4758: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4759: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

816

Figure 4760: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4761: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4762: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4763: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4764: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4765: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

817

9.8 Dynamic step change in phase: ROCOF response time: P class

9.8.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4766: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4767: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4768: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4769: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4770: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4771: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

818

Figure 4772: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4773: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4774: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4775: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4776: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4777: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

819

9.8.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4778: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4779: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4780: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4781: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4782: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4783: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

820

Figure 4784: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4785: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4786: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4787: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4788: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4789: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.10-0.90-0.70-0.50-0.30-0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

821

9.8.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4790: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4791: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4792: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4793: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4794: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4795: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

822

Figure 4796: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4797: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4798: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4799: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4800: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4801: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

823

9.8.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4802: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4803: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4804: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4805: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4806: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4807: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

824

Figure 4808: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4809: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4810: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4811: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4812: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4813: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

825

9.8.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4814: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4814: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4815: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4816: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4817: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4818: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

826

Figure 4819: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4820: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4821: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4822: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4823: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4824: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

827

9.8.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

9.8.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4825: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 4826: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 4827: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 4828: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 4829: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 4830; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

828

Figure 4831: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 4832: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 4833: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 4834: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 4835: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 4836: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

829

9.8.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

9.8.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4837: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4838: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4839: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4840: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4841: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4842: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

830

9.8.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does no support P class

Figure 4843: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4844: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4845: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4846: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4847: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4848: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

831

9.8.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4849: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4850: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4851: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4852: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4853: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4854: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

832

Figure 4855: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4856: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4857: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4858: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4859: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4860: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

833

9.9 Dynamic step change in phase: phasor overshoot: M class

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P P P P P

PMU B F F F F F F F F F F F F

PMU C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G F - F - F - F - F - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P

Dynamic step change in phase: phasor delay time M class

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU B P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G F - F - F - F - F - F -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

834

9.9.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4861: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4862: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4863: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4864: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4865: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4866: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

835

Figure 4867: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4868: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4869: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4870: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4871: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4872: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

836

9.9.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4873: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4874: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4875: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4876: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4877: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4878: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

837

Figure 4879: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4880: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4881: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4882: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4883: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4884: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

838

9.9.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4885: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4886: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4887: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4888: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4889: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4890: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5.0000000

0.0000000

5.0000000

10.0000000

15.0000000

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

839

Figure 4891: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4892: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4893: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4894: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4895: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4896: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5.000000

0.000000

5.000000

10.000000

15.000000

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5.000000

0.000000

5.000000

10.000000

15.000000

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

840

9.9.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4897: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4898: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4899: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4900: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4901: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4902: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

841

Figure 4903: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4904: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4905: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4906: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4907: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4908: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

842

9.9.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4909: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4910: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4911: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4912: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4913: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4914: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

843

Figure 4915: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4916: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4917: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4918: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4919: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4920: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

844

9.9.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4921: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4922: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4923: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4924: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4925: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4926: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

845

Figure 4927: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4928: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4929: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4930: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4931: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4932: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

846

9.9.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4933: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4934: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4935: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4936: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4937: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4938: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

847

Figure 4939: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4940: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4941: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4942: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4943: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4944: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

848

9.9.8 PMU G dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4945: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU Figure 4946: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 4947: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4948: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4949: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4950: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

849

Figure 4951: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4952: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4953: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4954: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4955: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4956: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

20

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 0.0000 0.3000 0.6000 0.9000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

850

9.9.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4957: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4958: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4959: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4960: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4961: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4962: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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851

Figure 4963: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4964: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4965: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4966: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4967: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4968: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

852

9.9.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4969: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4970: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4971: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4972: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4973: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4974: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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853

Figure 4975: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4976: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4977: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4978: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4979: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4980: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

854

9.9.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 4981: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4982: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4983: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4984: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4985: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4986: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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855

Figure 4987: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4988: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4989: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4990: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4991: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4992: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

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-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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856

9.10 Dynamic step change in phase: phasor overshoot: P class

Dynamic step change in phase: phasor delay time P class

9.10.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 4993: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4994: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4995: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4996: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 4997: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 4998: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

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phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

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15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

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5

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phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+
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Figure 4999: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step

Figure 5000: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5001: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5002: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5003: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5004: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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0

5

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

-5

0

5

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

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-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t...

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+
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9.10.2 PMU A dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5005: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5006: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5007: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5008: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5009: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5010: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

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0

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-0.1000 -0.0500 0.0000 0.0500 0.1000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

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0

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-0.1000 -0.0500 0.0000 0.0500 0.1000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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0

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-0.1000 -0.0500 0.0000 0.0500 0.1000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

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0

5

-0.1000 -0.0500 0.0000 0.0500 0.1000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

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-0.1000 -0.0500 0.0000 0.0500 0.1000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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0

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-0.1000 -0.0500 0.0000 0.0500 0.1000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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Figure 5011: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5012: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5013: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5014: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5015: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5016: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-10

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0

5

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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0

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-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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9.10.3 PMU B dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5017: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5018: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5019: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5020: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5021: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5022: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

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phase (degrees)

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time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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Figure 5023: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5024: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5025: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5026: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5027: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5028: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

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Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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phase (degrees)

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time (s)

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Phase Step VC_Phase+

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time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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862

9.10.4 PMU C dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5029: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5030: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5031: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5032: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5033: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5034: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

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Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

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phase (degrees)

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Phase Step VC_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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phase (degrees)

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time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

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time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

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Phase Step VC_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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Figure 5035: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5036: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5037: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5038: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5039: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5040: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

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Phase Step VC_Phase+

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phase (degrees)

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phase (degrees)

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phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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864

9.10.5 PMU D dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5041: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5042: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5043: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5044: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5045: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5046: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

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phase (degrees)

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Phase Step VC_Phase+

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phase (degrees)

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V+_Phase+

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-0.10-0.08-0.06-0.04-0.020.000.020.040.060.080.10

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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Figure 5047: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5048: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5049: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5050: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5051: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5052: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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866

9.10.6 PMU E dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

9.10.7 PMU F dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5053: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5054: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5055: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5056: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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Figure 5057: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5058: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

Figure 5059: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5060: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5061: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5062: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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Figure 5063: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5064: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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9.10.8 PMU G * dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

9.10.9 PMU H dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5065: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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870

Figure 5066: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5067: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5068: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5069: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

Figure 5070: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5071: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

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Figure 5072: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5073: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5074: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5075: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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9.10.10 PMU I dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does not support P class

9.10.11 PMU J dynamic step change in phase phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5076: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5077: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5078: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5079: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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Figure 5080: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5081: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

Figure 5082: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5083: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5084: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5085: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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Figure 5086: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5087: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-5

0

5

10

15

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+

-15

-10

-5

0

5

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

phase (degrees)

t

time (s)

Phase Step VC_Phase+

VB_Phase+

VA_Phase+

V+_Phase+
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10. Dynamic step change in magnitude

10. Dynamic step change in magnitude.......................................................................................................................................................................... 875

10.1 Dynamic step change in magnitude: phasor response time ................................................................................................................................................... 876

10.2 Dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................... 877

10.2.1 C37.118.1a Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................... 877

10.2.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 879

10.2.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 881

10.2.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 883

10.2.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 885

10.2.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 887

10.2.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 889

10.2.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ........................................................................................................................ 891

10.2.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 893

10.2.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................ 895

10.2.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................ 897

10.3 Dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................... 899

10.3.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ............................................................................................ 899

10.3.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 902

10.3.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 904

10.3.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 906

10.3.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 908

10.3.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 910

10.3.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class......................................................................................................................... 912

10.3.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ........................................................................................................................ 914

10.3.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ........................................................................................................................ 916

10.3.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................ 918

10.3.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................ 920

10.4 Dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P Class.................................................................................................................... 922

10.4.1 C37.118.1a Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................... 922

10.4.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 924

10.4.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................... 926

10.4.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................... 928

10.4.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 930

10.4.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................... 932

10.4.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................... 932

10.4.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 934
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10.4.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 934

10.4.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ......................................................................................................................... 936

10.4.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class......................................................................................................................... 936

10.5 Dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .................................................................................................................... 938

10.5.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.............................................................................................. 938

10.5.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 940

10.5.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 942

10.5.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................... 944

10.5.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 946

10.5.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................... 948

10.5.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class .......................................................................................................................... 948

10.5.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 950

10.5.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.......................................................................................................................... 950

10.5.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ......................................................................................................................... 952

10.5.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class......................................................................................................................... 952

10.6 Dynamic step change in magnitude: frequency response time.............................................................................................................................................. 954

10.6.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................ 955

10.6.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class .................................................................................................................... 957

10.6.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class .................................................................................................................... 959

10.6.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class .................................................................................................................... 961

10.6.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class .................................................................................................................... 963

10.6.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class..................................................................................................................... 965

10.6.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class..................................................................................................................... 967

10.6.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................... 969

10.6.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................... 971

10.6.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................... 973

10.6.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................... 975

10.7 Dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class................................................................................................................ 977

10.7.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ......................................................................................... 977

10.7.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................... 979

10.7.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................... 981

10.7.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................... 983

10.7.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................... 985

10.7.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................... 987

10.7.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ...................................................................................................................... 987

10.7.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ..................................................................................................................... 989

10.7.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ..................................................................................................................... 989

10.7.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................... 991

10.7.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class..................................................................................................................... 991
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10.8 Dynamic step change in magnitude: ROCOF response time................................................................................................................................................... 993

10.9 Dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, M class .................................................................................................................................. 993

10.9.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, M class............................................................................................................ 993

10.9.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ......................................................................................................................... 995

10.9.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ......................................................................................................................... 998

10.9.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ....................................................................................................................... 1000

10.9.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class....................................................................................................................... 1002

10.9.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................ 1004

10.9.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................ 1006

10.9.8 PMU G * dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class.................................................................................................................... 1008

10.9.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class....................................................................................................................... 1010

10.9.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class....................................................................................................................... 1012

10.9.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ...................................................................................................................... 1014

10.10 Dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, P class................................................................................................................................ 1016

10.10.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, P class......................................................................................................... 1016

10.10.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class....................................................................................................................... 1018

10.10.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class....................................................................................................................... 1020

10.10.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class....................................................................................................................... 1022

10.10.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ...................................................................................................................... 1024

10.10.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class....................................................................................................................... 1026

10.10.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class....................................................................................................................... 1026

10.10.8 PMU G * dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................... 1028

10.10.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ...................................................................................................................... 1028

10.10.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................... 1030

10.10.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class...................................................................................................................... 1030

10.11 Dynamic step change in magnitude: phasor overshoot...................................................................................................................................................... 1032

10.12 Dynamic step change in magnitude: phasor delay time ..................................................................................................................................................... 1032

10.12.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class............................................................................................................ 1033

10.12.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................ 1036

10.12.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................ 1038

10.12.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................ 1040

10.12.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class................................................................................................................ 1042

10.12.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ................................................................................................................ 1045

10.12.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ........................................................................................................................................ 1047

10.12.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class....................................................................................................................................... 1049

10.12.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class........................................................................................................................................ 1051

10.12.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class ....................................................................................................................................... 1053

10.12.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class....................................................................................................................................... 1055
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10.13 Dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................................... 1057

10.13.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class............................................................................................................. 1057

10.13.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ......................................................................................................................................... 1059

10.13.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ......................................................................................................................................... 1061

10.13.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ................................................................................................................. 1063

10.13.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class................................................................................................................. 1065

10.13.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................. 1067

10.13.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class.................................................................................................................. 1067

10.13.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class................................................................................................................. 1069

10.13.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class................................................................................................................. 1069

10.13.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class ................................................................................................................ 1071
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Performance during step changes in magnitude is determined by applying ±10% step changes of magnitude. Response time and delay time of the phasors, 

frequency, and ROCOF measurements are compared to the limits. Overshoot of the phasors are compared to the limits.

A recommended practice for measuring a PMU’s response to step changes in input is to run a series of n step sub-tests where the occurrence of the step is 

displaced in time relative to the PMU report-time. During each (nth) iteration of 10 sub-tests, the step occurs 1/10th of a reporting period further from the time 

of the report than the previous iteration of the subtest. The results are combined to trace an equivalent time sampled response curve. During each sub-test, the 

influence quantity (amplitude or phase) is stepped, the response data are gathered, and the magnitude is returned to its previous value in preparation for the 

next sub-test in the series. At the end of the series of sub-tests, the TVE, FE, RFE results and the PMU reported magnitude data from all sub-tests are indexed 

and overlaid to create smooth curves approximating the step response of the PMU. From the curves, delay time, response time, and overshoot/undershoot shall 

be calculated

The test plan for step change in phase and magnitude is as follows:

For the first test, let n = 0.

a) Begin with three-phase balanced input at nominal amplitude and frequency. Hold steady state for at least 1 second plus one response time period.

b) At the beginning of a reporting cycle plus n / (10 × Fs) (i.e., n × reporting period/10) step the magnitude by +10% of the nominal magnitude and hold steady 

state for at least 1 second plus one response time period.

c) Gather the PMU data, return the influence quantity to nominal and wait for the PMU to settle.

d) Increment n by one (n = n + 1), then repeat step c) through step d) until n = 10 – 1.

e) Index and overlay the PMU data to obtain a smooth response curve.

f) Repeat the tests for negative magnitude step.

IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014 sets the M class response time limit for M class phasors at 7/Fs and for frequency and ROCOF at the greater of 14/Fs or 14/F0.

IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014 sets the P class response time limit for phasors at 2/F0 and the delay time limit at 1/(4FS).

IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014 sets the P class response time limit for frequency at 4.5/F0 and for ROCOF at 6/F0.

IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011 sets the M class phasor delay time at 1/(4Fs) and the max overshoot at 10% of the step magnitude.

IEEE Std C37.118.1-2011 sets the P class phasor delay time at 1/(4Fs) and the max overshoot at 5% of the step magnitude.

The response time plots in this section show the limit of TVE, Fe, or RFe as a green horizontal line. A red vertical line appears at the response time limits. note 

that the limits are not interpolated, the first horizontal red line appears at the first report which is above the TVE, FE or RFE limit and the second red line is at the 

response time limit away from the first.

The overshoot plots in this section show red horizontal lines at the overshoot/undershoot limits around the magnitude before and after the step.
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10.1 Dynamic step change in magnitude: phasor response time

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU B P F P F P F P F P F P F

PMU C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU D P I P I P I P I P I P I

PMU E P - - - P - P - P - F -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G P - P - P - F - F - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P

P = Pass, F = Fail, I = indeterminate
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10.2 Dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

10.2.1 C37.118.1a Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5089: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5090: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5091: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5092: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5093: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5094: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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878

Figure 5095: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5096: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5097: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5098: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5099: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5100: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

879

10.2.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5101: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5102: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5103: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5104: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5105: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5106: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

880

Figure 5107: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5108: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5109: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5110: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5111: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5112: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

881

10.2.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5113: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5114: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5115: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5116: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5117: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5118: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

882

Figure 5119: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5120: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5121: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5122: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5123: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5124: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

883

10.2.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5125: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5126: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5127: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5128: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5129: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5130: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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884

Figure 5131: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5132: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5133: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5134: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5135: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5136: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

885

10.2.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5137: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5138: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5139: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5140: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5141: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5142: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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886

Figure 5143: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5144: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5145: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5146: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5147: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5148: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

887

10.2.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5149: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5150: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5151: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5152: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5153: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5154: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
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888

Figure 5155: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5156: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5157: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5158: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5159: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5160: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

889

10.2.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5161: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5162: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5163: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5164: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5165: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5166: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

890

Figure 5167: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5168: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5169: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5170: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5171: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5172: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

891

10.2.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5173: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5174: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5175: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5176: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5177: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5178: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5179: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5180: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

892

Figure 5181: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree magnitude step Figure 5182: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree magnitude step

Figure 5183: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5184: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30-0.20-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30-0.20-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

893

10.2.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5185: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5186: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5187: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5188: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5189: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5190: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

894

Figure 5191: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5192: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5193: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5194: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5195: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5196: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

895

10.2.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5197: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5198: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5199: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5200: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5201: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5202: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

896

Figure 5203: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5204: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5205: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5206: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5207: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5208: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

897

10.2.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5209: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5210: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5211: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5212: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5213: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5214: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

898

Figure 5215: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5216: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5217: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5218: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5219: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5220: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

899

10.3 Dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

10.3.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5221: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5222: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5223: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5224: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

TVE_Limit

-RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

900

Figure 5225: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5226: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

Figure 5227: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5228: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5229: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5230: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

901

Figure 5231: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5232: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

902

10.3.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5233: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5234: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5235: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5236: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5237: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5238: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

903

Figure 5239: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5240: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5241: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5242: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5243: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5244: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

904

10.3.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5245: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5246: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5247: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5248: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5249: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5250: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

905

Figure 5251: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5252: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5253: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5254: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5255: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5256: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

906

10.3.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5257: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5258: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5259: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5260: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5261: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5262: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

907

Figure 5263: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5264: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5265: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5266: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5267: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5268: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

908

10.3.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5269: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5270: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5271: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5272: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5273: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5274: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

909

Figure 5275: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5276: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5277: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5278: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5279: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5280: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

910

10.3.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5281: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5282: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5283: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5284: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5285: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5286: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

911

Figure 5287: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5288: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5289: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5290: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5291: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5292: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

912

10.3.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5293: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5294: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5295: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5296: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5297: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5298: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

913

Figure 5299: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5300: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5301: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5302: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5303: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5304: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

914

10.3.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5305: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU Figure 5306: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 5307: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5308: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5309: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5310: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

Figure 5311: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5312: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

915

Figure 5313: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5314: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5315: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5316: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30-0.20-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30-0.20-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

916

10.3.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5317: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5318: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5319: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5320: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5321: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5322: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

917

Figure 5323: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5324: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5325: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5326: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5327: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5328: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

918

10.3.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5329: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5330: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5331: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5332: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5333: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5334: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

919

Figure 5335: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5336: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5337: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5338: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5339: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5340: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

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1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

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2

-0.30-0.20-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30-0.20-0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

920

10.3.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5341: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5342: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5343: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5344: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5345: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5346: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

921

Figure 5347: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5348: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5349: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5350: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5351: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5352: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

922

10.4 Dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P Class

10.4.1 C37.118.1a Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5353: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step a) Figure 5354: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

b) Figure 5355: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step c) Figure 5356: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

d) Figure 5357: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step e) Figure 5358: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

923

f) Figure 5359: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step g) Figure 5360: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

h) Figure 5361: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step i) Figure 5362: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

j) Figure 5363: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

k)

l) Figure 5364: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

924

10.4.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5365: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5366: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5367: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5368: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5369: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5370: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

925

Figure 5371: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5372: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5373: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5374: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5375: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5376: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

926

10.4.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5377: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5378: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5379: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5380: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5381: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5382: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

927

Figure 5383: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5384: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5385: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5386: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5387: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5388: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

928

10.4.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5389: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5390: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5391: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5392: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5393: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5394: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

929

Figure 5395: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5396: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5397: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5398: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5399: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5400: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

930

10.4.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5401: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5402: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5403: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5404: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5405: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5406: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

931

Figure 5407: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5408: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5409: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5410: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5411: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5412: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

932

10.4.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

10.4.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5413: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5414: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5415: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5416: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5417: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5418: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

933

Figure 5419: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5420: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5421: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5422: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5423: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5424: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

934

10.4.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

10.4.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5425: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5426: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5427: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5428: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5429: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5430: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

935

Figure 5431: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5432: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5433: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5434: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5435: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5436: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

936

10.4.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMI I does not support P class

10.4.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude voltage response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5437: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5438: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5439: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5440: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5441: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5442: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

937

Figure 5443: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5444: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5445: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5446: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5447: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5448: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

RT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step voltage TVE VPhaseC_TVE

VPhaseB_TVE

VPhaseA_TVE

VPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

938

10.5 Dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

10.5.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5449: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5450: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5451: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5452: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5453: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5454: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

939

Figure 5455: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5456: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5457: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5458: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5459: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5460: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

940

10.5.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5461: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5462: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5463: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5464: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5465: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5466: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

941

Figure 5467: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5468: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5469: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5470: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5471: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5472: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

942

10.5.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5473: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5474: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5475: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5476: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5477: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5478: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

943

Figure 5479: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5480: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5481: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5482: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5483: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5484: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

944

10.5.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5485: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5486: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5487: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5488: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5489: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5490: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

945

Figure 5491: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5492: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5493: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5494: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5495: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5496: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

946

10.5.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5497: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5498: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5499: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5500: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5501: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5502: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

947

Figure 5503: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5504: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5505: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5506: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5507: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5508: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

948

10.5.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

10.5.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5509: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5510: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5511: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5512: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5513: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5514: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

949

Figure 5515: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5516: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5517: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5518: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5519: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5520: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

950

10.5.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

10.5.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5521: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5522: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5523: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5524: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5525: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5526: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

951

Figure 5527: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5528: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5529: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5530: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5531: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5532: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

952

10.5.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does not support P class

10.5.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude current response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5533: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5534: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5535: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5536: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5537: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5538: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

953

Figure 5539: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5540: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5541: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5542: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5543: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5544: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

TVE (%)

step time (s)

step current TVE IPhaseC_TVE

IPhaseB_TVE

IPhaseA_TVE

IPosSeq_TVE

TVE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

954

10.6 Dynamic step change in magnitude: frequency response time

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU B P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU C P F P F P F P F P P P F

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P - - - P - P - P - P -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G P - P - P - P - P - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

955

10.6.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5545: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5546: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5547: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5548: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5549: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5550: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

0.00

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

956

Figure 5551: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5552: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5553: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5554: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5555: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5556: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

957

10.6.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5557: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5558: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5559: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5560: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5561: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5562: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

958

Figure 5563: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5564: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5565: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5566: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5567: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5568: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

959

10.6.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5569: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5570: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5571: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5572: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5573: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5574: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

960

Figure 5575: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5576: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5577: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5578: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5579: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5580: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

961

10.6.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5581: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5582: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5583: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5584: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5585: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5586: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

962

Figure 5587: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5588: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5589: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5590: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5591: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5592: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

963

10.6.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5593: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5594: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5595: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5596: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5597: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5598: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

964

Figure 5599: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5600: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5601: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5602: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5603: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5604: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

965

10.6.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5605: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5606: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5607: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5608: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5609: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5610: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

966

Figure 5611: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5612: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5613: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5614: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5615: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5616: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

967

10.6.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5617: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5618: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5619: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5620: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5621: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5622: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

968

Figure 5623: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5624: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5625: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5626: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5627: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5628: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

969

10.6.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5629: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 5630: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5631: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5632: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5633: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5634: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5635: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

970

Figure 5636: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5637: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5638: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5639: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.5

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.5

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

971

10.6.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5640: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5641: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5642: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5643: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5644: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5645: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

972

Figure 5646: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5647: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5648: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5649: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5650: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5651: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

973

10.6.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5652: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5653: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5654: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5655: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5656: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5657: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

974

Figure 5658: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5659: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5660: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5661: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5662: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5663: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3-0.2-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

975

10.6.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5664: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5665: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5666: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5667: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5668: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5669: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

976

Figure 5670: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5671: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5672: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5673: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5674: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5675: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

977

10.7 Dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

10.7.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5676: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5677: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5678: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5679: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5680: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5681: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

978

Figure 5682: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5683: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5684: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5685: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5686: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5687: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

979

10.7.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5688: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5689: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5690: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5691: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5692: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5693: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

980

Figure 5694: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5695: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5696: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5697: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5698: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5699: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

981

10.7.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5700: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5701: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5702: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5703: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5704: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5705: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

982

Figure 5706: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5707: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5708: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5709: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5710: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5711: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

983

10.7.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5712: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5713: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5714: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5715: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5716: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5717: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

984

Figure 5718: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5719: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5720: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5721: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5722: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5723: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

985

10.7.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5724: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5725: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5726: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5727: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5728: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5729: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

986

Figure 5730: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5731: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5732: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5733: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5734: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5735: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

987

10.7.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class

10.7.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5736: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5737: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5738: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5739: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5740: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5741: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

988

Figure 5742: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5743: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5744: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5745: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5746: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5747: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

989

10.7.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class

10.7.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5748: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5749: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5750: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5751: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5752: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5753: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5754: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5755: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

990

Figure 5756: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5757: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5758: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5759: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

991

10.7.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does not support P class

10.7.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude frequency response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5760: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5761: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5762: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5763: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5764: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5765: Fs = 20 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

992

Figure 5766: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10 % magnitude step Figure 5767: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5768: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5769: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5770: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5771: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

993

10.8 Dynamic step change in magnitude: ROCOF response time

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P F P F P F P F P F F F

PMU B P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU C P P P P P P P I P P P P

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P - - - P - P - P - P -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G* P - P - P - P - P - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P

P = Pass, F = Fail, I = Indeterminate

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0.

10.9 Dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

10.9.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5772: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5773: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

994

Figure 5774: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5775: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5776: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5777; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

Figure 5778: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5779: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5780: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5781: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

995

10.9.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5782: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5783: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5784: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5785: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5786: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5787: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

996

Figure 5788: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5789; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

Figure 5790: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5791: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5792: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5793: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

997

Figure 5794: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5795: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

998

10.9.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5796: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5797: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5798: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5799: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5800: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5801; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

999

Figure 5802: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5803: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5804: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5805: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5806: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5807: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1000

10.9.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5808: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5809: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5810: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5811: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5812: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5813; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1001

Figure 5814: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5815: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5816: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5817: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5818: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5819: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1002

10.9.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5820: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5821: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5822: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5823: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5824: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5825; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1003

Figure 5826: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5827: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5828: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5829: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5830: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5831: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1004

10.9.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5832: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5833: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5834: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5835: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5836: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5837; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1005

Figure 5838: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5839: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5840: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5841: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5842: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5843: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.5

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1006

10.9.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5844: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5845: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5846: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5847: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5848: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5849; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1007

Figure 5850: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5851: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5852: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5853: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5854: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5855: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1008

10.9.8 PMU G * dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5856: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 5857: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5858: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5859: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5860; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

Figure 5861: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5862: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1009

* PMU G always outputs ROCOF = 0

Figure 5863: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5864: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5865: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5866: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1010

10.9.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5867: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5868: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5869: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5870: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5871: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5872; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1011

Figure 5873: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5874: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5875: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5876: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5877: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5878: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.02

-0.01

0.00

0.01

0.02

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

frequency error 

(Hz)

step time (s)

step Fe

Fe

FE_Limit

FE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1012

10.9.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5879: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5880: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5881: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5882: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5883: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5884; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1013

Figure 5885: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5886: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5887: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5888: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5889: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5890: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1014

10.9.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5891: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5892: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5893: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5894: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5895: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5896; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1015

Figure 5897: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5898: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5899: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5900: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5901: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5902: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1016

10.10 Dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

10.10.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF error: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5903: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5904: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5905: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5906: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5907: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5908; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1017

Figure 5909: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5910: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5911: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5912: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5913: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5914: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.100 -0.075 -0.050 -0.025 0.000 0.025 0.050 0.075 0.100

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1018

10.10.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5915: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5916: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5917: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5918: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5919: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5920: Fs = 20 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1019

Figure 5921: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5922: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5923: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5924: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5925: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5926: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.10-0.90-0.70-0.50-0.30-0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.00 -0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-1.1 -0.9 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1020

10.10.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5927: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5928: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5929: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5930: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5931: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5932; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1021

Figure 5933: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5934: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5935: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5936: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5937: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5938: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1022

10.10.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5939: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5940: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5941: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5942: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5943: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5944; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

Fe_Limit

(pos)

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

Fe_Limit

(pos)

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1023

Figure 5945: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5946: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5947: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5948: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5949: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5950: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.30 -0.20 -0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1024

10.10.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5951: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5952: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5953: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5954: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5955: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5956; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1025

Figure 5957: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5958: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5959: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5960: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5961: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5962: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1026

10.10.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

10.10.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5963: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5964: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5965: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5966: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5967: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5968; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1027

Figure 5969: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5970: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5971: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5972: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5973: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5974: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.4

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1028

10.10.8 PMU G * dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

10.10.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5975: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5976: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5977: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5978: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5979: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5980; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1029

Figure 5981: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 5982: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 5983: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5984: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 5985: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 5986: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.20

-0.15

-0.10

-0.05

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

-0.10 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1030

10.10.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does not support P class

10.10.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF response time: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 5987: Fs = 60 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5988: Fs = 60 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5989: Fs = 30 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5990: Fs = 30 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5991: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5992: Fs = 20 FPS, +10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1031

Figure 5993: Fs = 15 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5994: Fs = 15 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5995: Fs = 12 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5996: Fs = 12 FPS, -10 degree phase step

Figure 5997: Fs = 10 FPS, +10 degree phase step Figure 5998: Fs = 10 FPS, -10 degree phase step

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit

-0.60

-0.40

-0.20

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

-0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10

ROCOF error (Hz/s)

step time (s)

step ROCOF

RFe

RFE_Limit

RFE_Limit
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1032

10.11 Dynamic step change in magnitude: phasor overshoot

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU B F F F F F F F F F F F F

PMU C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P - - - P - P - P - P -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G I - I - I - I - I - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P

10.12 Dynamic step change in magnitude: phasor delay time

Fs (FPS) 10M 10P 12M 12P 15M 15P 20M 20P 30M 30P 60M 60P

C37.118.1 Annex C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU A P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU B P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU C P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU D P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU E P - - - P - P - P - P -

PMU F P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU G F - F - F - F - F - - -

PMU H P P P P P P P P P P P P

PMU I P - P - P - P - P - P -

PMU J P P P P P P P P P P P P
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1033

10.12.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 5999: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6000: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6001: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6002: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1034

Figure 6003: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6004; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

Figure 6005: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6006: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6007: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6008: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

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78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1035

Figure 6009: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6010: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1036

10.12.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6011: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6012: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6013: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6014: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6015: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6016; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

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78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

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78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1037

Figure 6017: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6018: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6019: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6020: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6021: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6022: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

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78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

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66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1038

10.12.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6023: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6024: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6025: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6026: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6027: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6028; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1039

Figure 6029: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6030: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6031: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6032: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6033: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6034: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1040

10.12.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6035: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6036: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6037: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6038: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

70

72

74

76

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1041

Figure 6039: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6040; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

Figure 6041: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6042: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6043: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6044: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6045: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6046: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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80

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

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78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

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66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

65

70

75

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t...

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

65

70

75

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t...

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1042

10.12.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6047: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6048: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6049: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6050: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1043

Figure 6051: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6052; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

Figure 6053: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6054: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6055: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6056: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

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78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1044

Figure 6057: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6058: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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74

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1045

10.12.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6059: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6060: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6061: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6062: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6063: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6064; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

68

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

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78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1046

Figure 6065: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6066: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6067: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6068: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6069: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6070: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1047

10.12.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6071: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6072: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6073: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6074: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6075: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6076; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

68

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

70

72

74

76

78

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

65

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t...

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

65

70

75

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t...

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1048

Figure 6077: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6078: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6079: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6080: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6081: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6082: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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78

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

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72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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78

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1049

10.12.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6083: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU Figure 6084: Fs = 60 FPS is not supported by this PMU

Figure 6085: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6086: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6087: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6088: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step

68

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-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

Post_Plus_10%

60

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-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

Post_Plus_10%

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

Post_Plus_10%

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

Post_Plus_10%
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1050

Figure 6089: Fs = 15 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6090: Fs = 15 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6091: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6092: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6093: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6094: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

Post_Plus_10%

60

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-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

Post_Plus_10%

68

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-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

Post_Plus_10%

60

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-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

Post_Plus_10%

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

60

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-0.30 -0.10 0.10 0.30 0.50 0.70 0.90

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1051

10.12.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6095: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6096: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6097: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6098: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6099: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6100; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1052

Figure 6101: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6102: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6103: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6104: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6105: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6106: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1053

10.12.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6107: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6108: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6109: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6110: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6111: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6112; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1054

Figure 6113: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6114: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6115: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6116: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6117: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6118: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

62

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72

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1055

10.12.11 PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, M class

Figure 6119: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6120: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6121: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6122: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6123: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6124; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

65

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magnitude (volts)

t...

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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70

75

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magnitude (volts)

t...

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1056

Figure 6125: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6126: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6127: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6128: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6129: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6130: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1057

10.13 Dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

10.13.1 C37.118.1-2011 Annex C dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 6131: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6132: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6133: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6134: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6135: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6136; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

t

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

65

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magnitude (volts)

t...

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

65

70

75

-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t...

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1058

Figure 6137: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6138: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6139: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6140: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6141: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6142: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1059

10.13.2 PMU A dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 6143: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6144: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6145: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6146: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6147: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6148; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

68

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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-0.3000 -0.1000 0.1000 0.3000

magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1060

Figure 6149: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6150: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6151: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6152: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6153: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6154: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

t

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

60

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1061

10.13.3 PMU B dynamic step change in magnitude overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 6155: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6156: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6157: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6158: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6159: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6160; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

t

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VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

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time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

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V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1062

Figure 6161: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6162: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6163: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6164: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6165: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6166: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

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magnitude (volts)

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VB_Mag+

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V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

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V+_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

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magnitude (volts)

t

time (s)

magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1063

10.13.4 PMU C dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 6167: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6168: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6169: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6170: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6171: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6172; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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Post_Plus_10%

Post_minus_10%

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Post_minus_10%

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magnitude (volts)

t

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magnitude step VC_Phase+

VB_Mag+

VA_Mag+

V+_Phase+
This publication is available free of charge from http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8106

1064

Figure 6173: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6174: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6175: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6176: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6177: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6178: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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magnitude (volts)

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magnitude (volts)

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magnitude (volts)

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10.13.5 PMU D dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 6179: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6180: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6181: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6182: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6183: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6184; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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Figure 6185: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6186: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6187: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6188: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6189: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6190: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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10.13.6 PMU E dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU E does not support P class.

10.13.7 PMU F dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 6191: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6192: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6193: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6194: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6195: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6196; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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Figure 6197: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6198: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6199: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6200: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6201: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6202: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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10.13.8 PMU G dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU G does not support P class.

10.13.9 PMU H dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 6203: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6204: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6205: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6206: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6207: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6208; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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Figure 6209: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6210: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6211: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6212: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6213: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6214: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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10.13.10 PMU I dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

PMU I does not support P class

PMU J dynamic step change in magnitude ROCOF phasor overshoot: F0 = 60 Hz, P class

Figure 6215: Fs = 60 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6216: Fs = 60 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6217: Fs = 30 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6218: Fs = 30 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6219: Fs = 20 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6220; Fs = 20 FPS, =10% magnitude step

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Figure 6221: Fs = 15 FPS, + 10% magnitude step Figure 6222: Fs = 15 FPS, - 10 % magnitude step

Figure 6223: Fs = 12 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6224: Fs = 12 FPS, -10% magnitude step

Figure 6225: Fs = 10 FPS, +10% magnitude step Figure 6226: Fs = 10 FPS, -10% magnitude step

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11. Conclusion

11. Conclusion............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1073

11.1 Intent ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1074

11.2 Amendments to the synchrophasor standard....................................................................................................................................................................... 1074

11.2.1 Relaxation of Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) performance limits. ............................................................................................................................................ 1075

11.2.2 Measurement Bandwidth test changes.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1075

11.2.3 Changes to ramp of system frequency tests .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1075

11.2.4 Limit of M class PMU reporting latency ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1075

11.2.5 Revision to the Annex C reference signal processing model.................................................................................................................................................................. 1076

11.3 Typical PMU performance issues .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1076

11.3.1 Offset in the time of the frequency estimate......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1076

11.3.2 Out of band interfering signal test performance.................................................................................................................................................................................... 1077

11.3.3 Issues with the performance of frequency tracking and adaptive filter PMU algorithms. .................................................................................................................... 1077

11.4 IEEE Synchrophasor Measurement Test Suite Specification (TSS)........................................................................................................................................ 1077

11.5 Compliance testing ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1077
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11.1 Intent

The intent of this assessment of PMU performance is multi-fold:

 Invite all PMU vendors to participate in an independent assessment of the performance of their PMU products

o Provide the participating vendors with test data

 Allow for vendors to compare independent test results with their in-house testing

 Vendors may revise their PMU designs and submit for re-testing

 This report contains the latest re-test results

 Provide test results (vendor name and PMU model obscured) to the synchrophasor standards setting organizations

o Test results were used to validate test methods and resulted in:

 Amendment to IEEE Std. C37.118.1-2011 published as C37.118.1a-2014

 Drafting and publication of IEEE Synchrophasor Measurement Test Suite Specification

o Detailed test data to be used in the evaluation of requirements for applications which use PMU data as input

o Help NIST and other organizations gain an understanding of common performance issues in PMUs as well as some issues only seen in one make 

and model of PMU

 Produce this report:

o Intended to be used by

 Utilities to aid in understanding that PMU performance from model to model varies significantly

 Designers of applications which use PMU data as their inputs

 Test labs to provide examples of test results of different models of PMU

 Students and professors as examples of the performance of PMU models and principles of test reporting

 Governments and regulatory agencies to provide examples of the range of performance of PMUs currently used in electrical power 

systems

11.2 Amendments to the synchrophasor standard

Several lessons were learned over the course of the NIST PMU assessment that lead directly to the 2014 amendment of IEEE C37.118.1-2011. All the limits 

shown in this assessment report were based upon the IEEE Std. C37.118.1a-2014 amendment. The following sections describe these changes.
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11.2.1 Relaxation of Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) performance limits.

The NIST PMU assessment provides information indicating that many PMUs installed in power systems were susceptible to internal noise from analog to digital 

conversion processes and digital algorithms. The performance limits for ROCOF had been determined through the use of digital simulations of the C37.118.1a 

Annex C Signal Processing Model that did not implement this noise. The standards setting organization determined that the ROCOF limits could become a 

limiting factor in the design of PMUs and that ROCOF performance did not need to impose such stringent limits so they were relaxed for all tests, and removed 

for out-of-band interfering signals tests and for M class harmonic distortion testing.

11.2.2 Measurement Bandwidth test changes

Analysis of the assessment data for the combined amplitude and phase modulation tests showed that little useful information about the root cause of PMU 

performance issues could be attained from the test results. The combined modulation test was removed from the standard and replaced with an amplitudemodulation-only test to complement the existing phase modulation test.

The performance limits for frequency and ROCOF for the measurement bandwidth phase modulation test were found by NIST to be so high for some reporting 

rates, that a PMU that reported ‘0’ for all frequency and ROCOF would still pass the tests. Frequency and ROCOF limits for measurement bandwidth tests were 

revised so that PMUs reporting ‘0’ frequency or ROCOF would not pass the test.

11.2.3 Changes to ramp of system frequency tests

During NIST's implementation of the ramp of system frequency test, several ambiguities were found in the standard's description of the test. NISTrecommended descriptive changes that were adopted in the amendment for clarification. Some PMUs tested by NIST were unable to provide meaningful 

synchrophasors beyond the standard-specified bandwidth limits, depending on PMU class and reporting rate, and required a long period of time to once again 

begin providing meaningful information. NIST recommended that the test prohibit operation beyond the specified bandwidth. NIST found that the concept of 

"transition time" in the standard was ambiguous and difficult to implement. The amendment revised the “transition time” to a "measurement exclusion 

interval". The test now requires that the frequency ramp begin and end at the specified synchrophasor bandwidth limits and that an interval of reports at the 

beginning and end of the ramp shall not be included in the measurement. This is intended to remove the response of the PMU to the step in ROCOF which 

occurs at the beginning and end of the test.

11.2.4 Limit of M class PMU reporting latency

Through NISTs work with several vendors and after several PMU revisions from one vendor, it was determined that some implementations would not be able to 

meet the maximum PMU reporting latency specified by the standard. The issue was brought up and discussed by the standards setting organization, and the 

body decided from what was known to date about the needs of applications using M class PMU data, reporting latency did not need to be a critical factor behind 
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M class designs. The reporting latency was relaxed from five reports to seven reports. Research into the performance needs of applications which use PMU data 

is ongoing.

11.2.5 Revision to the Annex C reference signal processing model

Part of NIST's assessment included assessment of the C37.118.1-2011 Annex C reference signal processing model. Some ambiguities in the model descriptions

were found and revisions were proposed. An error in the M class filter parameter table was found and one filter reference frequency and filter order was 

amended.

11.3 Typical PMU performance issues

Some of the PMUs assessed by NIST exhibited some typical issues. Several of the vendors were able to correct for these issues and submitted revisions for retesting.

11.3.1 Offset in the time of the frequency estimate

Some PMUs do not estimate their frequency at the precise time of the timestamp in the report. This offset in the time of the frequency estimate is only 

exhibited by the results of the ramp of system frequency or measurement bandwidth phase modulation tests. In the ramp of system frequency test, it is 

exhibited by a constant offset in frequency error which is directly proportional to the difference between the time of PMU report timestamp and the actual time 

of the frequency estimate. Since the frequency ramp rate of the test is specified to be 1 Hz/s, the frequency error (FE) offset will be 1 Hz for each second of time 

offset. NIST pointed out that the definition of frequency error in the PMU standard had an inverted sign inside the absolute value marks so that if frequency 

error were measured as defined by the standard but without the absolute value being taken, the FE offset would be the opposite sign of the time offset. the 

new draft PMU standard being considered at the time of this writing removes the absolute value marks and negates the difference so a signed frequency error 

has the correct sign value.

11.3.1.1 Offset in the time of the ROCOF estimate

Because ROCOF is defined by the PMU standard as the derivative in frequency, those PMUs that have an offset in the time of the frequency estimate will also 

have an offset in the time of the ROCOF estimate. The magnitude of the offset may be greater for the ROCOF estimate since multiple frequency estimates are 

used to determine a ROCOF estimate. The offset in the time of the ROCOF estimate can only be seen in the results of the measurement bandwidth phase 

modulation tests and not in any other test.
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11.3.2 Out-of-band interfering signal test performance

Many of the PMUs as they were first submitted to NIST failed to pass the limits for out-of-band interfering signals testing. This test exposes the PMU to 

interfering signals (a single interharmonic) from 10 Hz up to the nominal frequency minus the Nyquist frequency of the reporting rate, and from the nominal 

frequency plus the reporting rate Nyquist frequency up to the second harmonic of the nominal frequency. The test verifies the performance of the PMUs antialiasing filters since any signal not properly filtered out would be aliased and appear as a signal frequency within the PMU bandwidth as a false frequency 

component that does not actually exist in the input signal. Many of the PMU vendors revised their PMU performance and submitted for re-testing.

11.3.3 Issues with the performance of frequency tracking and adaptive filter PMU algorithms.

The 2005 PMU standard did not require any testing under dynamic conditions. Some PMU vendors used frequency tracking or adaptive filtering algorithms in 

order to improve the steady state performance of their products. However some of these PMUs were unable to perform within the limits for the 2011 dynamic 

tests. There were various root causes such as the time constant of the adaptive algorithms not being fast enough to keep up with dynamic signal changes.

Several of the vendors revised their PMUs and submitted for re-test which subsequently passed the tests.

11.4 IEEE Synchrophasor Measurement Test Suite Specification (TSS)

PMU assessment testing at NIST was carried out prior to and during development of the IEEE Synchrophasor Measurement Test Suite Specification. Much of 

what was learned, during the assessment, about implementing PMU tests in accordance with the synchrophasor standard supported the drafting of the TSS.

11.5 Compliance testing

Assessing PMUs models for conformity to the latest standards can ensure the best performance and interoperability under dynamically-changing grid conditions.

Since PMUs have many configuration options and may be included in multi-function devices, end users can additionally have their PMUs tested using the 

configuration with which they will be installed.