Reference

NATL INST. OF STAND & TECH

AlllDS T7MDDD

NBS

Publications

\ «</,

4

4: NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 1156

ffEAU Of

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/ National Bureau of Standards

luU

Ao, 1156

The CSA Weatherization

Demonstration Data Base:

Contents and Descriptions
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act ot Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology

and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts

research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and

the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology.

THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of

physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement

systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform

physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry,

and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement,

standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational

institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government

agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides

calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Absolute Physical Quantities' — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and

Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science. THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY provides technology and technical ser- vices to the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and maintains ^competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement capabilities;

provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops test methods and proposes

engineering standards and code changes; develops and proposes new engineering practices;

and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Applied Mathematics — Electronics and Electrical Engineering^ — Mechanical

Engineering and Process Technology' — Building Technology — Fire Research —

Consumer Product Technology — Field Methods.

THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts

research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and

economy in Government operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards

guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and

provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government.

The Institute consists of the following centers:

Programming Science and Technology — Computer Systems Engineering.

'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, DC 20234. 'Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303.
The CSA Weatherization

Demonstration Data Base:

Contents and Descriptions

* •' '^

Roy E. Clark

Center for Building Technology

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, DC 20234

Sponsored by:

U.S. Department of Energy

Office of Buildings and Community Systems,

Buildings Division 1000 Independence Ave., SW

Washington, DC 2054S

UATIONAL BURBAU or BTA^rDARU3

lOBBABY

MAR 1 5 1982

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige. Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director

Issued February 1982
National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 1156

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.). lech. Note I 156. 159 pages (Feb 1982)

CODEN: NBINAE

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON; 1982

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OITice, Washington, DC 20402

Price $6.(X)
ABSTRACT

The Community Services Administration (CSA) National Optimal Weatherization

Demonstration was conducted over a 3 1/2 year period (1977-1981) by the National

Bureau of Standards and Community Action agencies in 12 areas around the Nation,

principally to determine what reductions in residence space heating energy con- sumption could be achieved by extensive, economically cost-effective weatherization of dwellings. Because the project was funded by the CSA, it was conducted

using houses occupied by low-income households. In addition to recording overall energy consumption (for the 1975-1980 period), the demonstration collected

considerable additional energy-related measurements from approximately 240

houses (including some 40 unweatherized control houses) at the 12 sites. These

measurements probably constitute the most extensive and comprehensive data base

on real energy usage of real houses extant. The report describes the various

measurements that were obtained and how they were obtained. It contains houseby-house inventories of the data actually present in the data base and, as an access aid for further study of the data, it describes the media in which the

data exist.

Key Words: Community Services Administration Weatherization Demonstration;

costs of weatherization; energy conservation; energy consumption

data; energy related data; field measurement of building energy

use; Optimal Weatherization Demonstration; residential energy

consumption; space heating consumption; weatherization.

DISCLAIMER

The use of trade names or company products in this publication does

not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the National Bureau

of Standards and does not imply that the products are necessarily the

best available for the purpose.

iii
PREFACE

This report is one of a number presenting the findings and results of a national

"optimal" weatherlzatlon demonstration sponsored by the Community Services

Administration. The work represented In this document, consisting of Inventorying and documenting the data assembled by the demonstration project, was supported by DoE/NBS Task. Order 8 under Interagency Agreement DE-AI01-76-PRO6010,

iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Jlany people made valuable contributions in collecting, reporting, and clarifying

the measurements contained in the data base herein described. Especially noteworthy was the care and cooperation with which data were obtained and verified

by some of the demonstration site personnel: Larry Dodgen (Atlanta),

Debra Hosier (Easton, PA), John Baker (Charleston, SC) , Bradley Turk (Colorado)

Springs), Kenneth Olsen, Bruce Hilbe and David Sharpe (Fargo, ND), John Zajac

(Tacoma, WA) , Maurice Hutchins and Melodie Fenwlck (Hughesville, MD, the

Washington, DC site).

The first version of the "balance point analysis" computer program was written

by Dr. Richard A. Grot, while he was associated with Princeton University's

Twin Rivers Project on residential energy conservation. Dr. Grot subsequently

joined the NBS Center for Building Technology (CBT), where he developed and

monitored the field implementation of the mechanical systems tests and the air

infiltration tests used in the demonstration. Dr. Grot also conducted the

thermographic surveys.

The building thermal performance models, used first to select the options and

later to calculate the theretical energy consumption of the houses for comparison with actual measured consumption, were adapted from American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) methods by

Richard Crenshaw, Project Manager of the demonstration, and now Manager of the

Energy Efficient Buildings Program at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,

Berkeley, CA.

Section 5.11 of this report, documenting the options costs data, was prepared

by Anne Hillstrom of the CBT Applied Economics Group. The task of obtaining

and organizing the cost data was carried out by Dr. Stephen F. Weber, assisted

by Michael J. Boehm and Barbara C. Lippiatt.

The author gratefully acknowledges the above contributions.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1

.

INTRODUCTION 1

2. OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY SERVICES ADMINISTRATION OPTIMAL

WEATHERIZATION DEMONSTRATION 2

3

.

DATA MEDIA AND LOCATIONS 3

4

.

SITE AND HOUSE IDENTIFICATION SCHEME 5

5

.

DESCRIPTIONS AND INVENTORIES OF THE DATA 7

5.1 Key Descriptive Data about the Buildings 7

5.2 Utility Data 26

5 .3 Weekly Readings Data 55

5.4 Mechanical Systems Tests Data 73

5.5 Building Dimensions and Descriptions Data, and

Photographs 73

5.6 Air Infiltration Measurements and Fan Test Data 75

5 .7 Temperature Stratification Data 78

5.8 Min/max Temperatures Data (Attic By-pass Test) 84

5.9 Options Installed Data 84

5 . 10 Thermography 87

5.11 Options Costs Data 89

5 . 12 Occupant Questionnaires 99

5 . 13 Inventory of Miscellaneous Data 101

5.14 Weather (Daily Temperatures) Data and Derived Degree

Days 110

6

.

THE "BALANCE POINT" ANALYSIS AND ITS RESULTS 113

6.1 Note on Converting Weekly Readings to Consumption Data 126

7

.

"PROJECTED" YEAR TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION DATA 130

vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)

Page

8. "STATUS" OF FINAL ANALYSES 133

9REFERENCES 147

vii
LIST OF TABLES

Page

1. Clty/slte Identification Codes 5

2

.

Atlanta Key Data 10

3

.

Charleston Key Data 11

A . Chicago Key Data 13

5

.

Colorado Springs Key Data 14

6. Easton Key Data 15

7

.

Fargo Key Data 16

8. Minneapolis/St. Paul Key Data 17

9

.

Oakland Key Data 19

10

.

Portland Key Data 20

11

.

St . Louis Key Data 21

12

.

Tacoma Key Data 23

13

.

Washington Key Data 24

14

.

Codes for Fuel/Utility Data and Associated File Types 26

15

.

Inventory of Utility Data 30

16

.

Inventory of Weekly Readings Data 63

17

.

Inventory of Miscellaneous Data 102

18

.

Codes Used in HSBPTDTA Files 122

19. Data List for METRCAR. [CTC] Files 127

20. "Status" of Results: Atlanta 135

21. "Status" of Results: Charleston 136

22. "Status" of Results: Chicago 137

23. "Status" of Results: Colorado Springs 138

24. "Status" of Results: Easton 139

vlii
LIST OF TABLES (cont.)

Page

25. "Status" of Results: Fargo 140

26. "Status" of Results: Minneapolis/St. Paul 141

27. "Status" of Results: Oakland , 142

28. "Status" of Results: Portland 143

29. "Status" of Results: St. Louis 144

30. "Status" of Results: Tacoma 145

31. "Status" of Results: Washington, DC 146

Ix
LIST OF EXHIBITS

Page

1. PR2KYD.CSS File 25

2. RPRPRNT.CSS File 29

3. Weekly Readings Recording/Reporting Form 57

4. PRINTWRF.CSS File 58

5. Example Printout of House Weekly Readings Data with Headings 59

6. FINDWRCS.CSS File 60

7. Air Infiltration (by Sample Bag) Data Worksheet 76

8a. Fan Test Data Sheet 77

8b. Example Output of Fan Test Analysis Program 79

9. Instructions for Taking Temperature Stratification Measurements ... 80

10a. Temperature Stratification Data Recording/Reporting Form 81

10b. Codes for Use on Tfemperature Stratification Data Sheet 83

11. PR20PDTS.CSS File 86

12

.

Examples of Raw Thermography Records 88

13. Listing of Cost Data Index File ARCOPT 91

14. Listing of Cost Data Index File MECOPT 92

15

.

Listing of Cost Data Index File CITIES 92

16. Listing of Cost Data Index File FUELS 93

17. Formats of "City" Data File Names 93

18

.

Sample Listing from FARARC 94

19

.

Sample Listing from FARMEC 94

20

.

Sample Listing from FARHARC 95

21

.

Sample Listing from FARHMEC 95

22. Sample "House" File of Cost Data 97

X
LIST OF EXHIBITS (cont.)

Page

23. Sample of Option/City Summary Cost Data File 98

24. Sample Listing from Summary Architectural Options Cost File 100

25. Sample Listing from Summary Mechanical Options Cost File 100

26

.

Example Output of "Balance Point" Analysis Run 116

27. PR2BPD.CSS File 121

28. PR2BPBTU.CSS File 124

29. FUELCALC.CSS File 131

xi

1. INTRODUCTION

The Community Services Administration (CSA) Optimal Weatherization

Demonstration, conducted by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) from late

1977 to mid-1980, assembled what is probably the most comprehensive collection

of measurements related to actual energy use in occupied houses available anywhere. A very large amount of data was collected on some 240 houses located in

12 geographic areas in the United States (excluding Alaska). The content of

the data base is described and inventoried in this report.

The data prescribed to be collected by the CSA Demonstration project included,

in addition to 5 years of whole-house utility consumption records, many other

energy-use and energy use-related measurements: 1) 1 year or more of weekly

readings of: furnace or space heater consumption, run times, and cycle counts;

water heater energy consumption and hot water usage; utility (gas and electric)

meters; (representative) temperatures on each floor; and indoor humidity; 2)

2 years of monthly measurements of natural air infiltration rates and of temperature stratification patterns in the house; 3) "before" and "after" measurements of furnace or heater steady-state efficiency; 4) "before" and "after"

fan tests (induced depressurization of the house to measure tightness/leakiness);

5) thermography of all insulated walls; 6) measurements of possible by-pass

leakage of heat into unheated attic spaces; 7) comprehensive costs of weatherization options; and 8) information about occupants' behaviors and attitudes

that may affect house energy consumption.

As one would expect in a field study of this size, scope, and geographic

dispersion, not all of the prescribed measurements were received for all of the

houses. Furthermore, some of the data that were obtained contained ambiguities

and obvious errors. To the extent possible, in ways described in this report,

ambiguous and obviously faulty data have been purged or corrected. This report

lists and describes, house-by-house, the information in the data base. The

work was sponsored by the Buildings Division, Office of Buildings and Community

Systems of the Department of Energy, in the hope that researchers interested

in exploiting these data in the future will be able to do so efficiently and

effectively. This report should also be of value to understanding and interpreting the data and conclusions reported in the final report of the

demonstration [2].*

* Numbers in brackets indicate references listed in section 9.

1
2. OVERVIEW OF THE COMMUNITY SERVICES ADMINISTRATION OPTIMAL WEATHERIZATION

DEMONSTRATION

The CSA/NBS National Optimal Weatherization Demonstration was a 3 1/2-year

field study of the effects of weatherization on energy consumption in houses,

conducted in 12 site areas around the Nation. The sites were selected to be

representative of the range of inhabited climates in the U.S. (except Alaska)

where winter space heating is a significant energy user: Atlanta, GA; Charleston, SC; Chicago, IL; Colorado Springs, CO; Easton (Allentown/Bethlehem) , PA;

Fargo, ND; Minneapolis/ St . Paul, MN; Oakland, CA; Portland, ME; St. Louis, MO;

Tacoma, WA; and Washington, DC (represented by Hughesville, MD)

The principal goal of the demonstration was to show how much energy savings

could be achieved in the various site areas by the installation of an "optimal

set" of weatherization retrofits or techniques, "optimal set" being defined as all measures (both to the building shell and to the mechanical—space and water

heating—systems) that an economic cost/benefit analysis found to be costeffective: i.e., to pay for themselves within a specified number of years.

The overall approach was: 1) analyze 2 years (i.e., 1975-77) of archival fuel

consumption readings from the selected houses to establish the "normal" preweatherization rate of energy consumption; 2) apply the prescribed "optimal

set" of weatherization retrofits to each house; 3) measure the postweatherization "normal" rate of energy consumption; and 4) compare the results

of 3) with those of 1) and with the actual costs of weatherizing the houses,

obtained as a part of step 2).

Since local site Community Action Agency (CAA) personnel would be available to

make regular visits to the houses to perform tests and read meters, along with

their involvement in carrying out the weatherization work, advantage was taken

of the opportunity to collect considerable detailed energy-usage and energyrelated data from the houses. Some of these data were directly related to a secondary goal of the demonstration: to try to analyze out the contribution of

the several classes of options (e.g., infiltration, conduction, and mechanical

systems) to the overall savings achieved in a house, i.e., measuring the

mechanical efficiency of heating systems and water heaters before and after

weatherization work, and measuring the natural air infiltration rate of a house

monthly during the heating seasons. Other data were gathered as checks on the

quality and effectiveness of the work performed, i.e., thermography of insulated

walls and other possible areas of heat loss, a test for leakage of heated air

to unheated spaces in the house, and ratings of the wintertime comfort and

temperature impressions of occupants.

For a more complete understanding of how the demonstration was planned and

carried out, the reader is referred to CSA Weatherization Demonstration Project

Plan [1].
3. DATA MEDIA AND LOCATION

Most of the data discussed herein are in computer disk files. These are

located on three 5-Mbyte removable Hawk disk packs and were written using a Perkin-Elmer 7/32 maxi-mini computer in the Computer Facility of the Center for

Building Technology (CBT) at the NBS. The specific names of the disk volumes

are listed wherever any of the computer data files are discussed in this report.

Disk volumes CSAl and CSA2 each contain a file, called CSA[1 or 2JLIST., which

is a list of all 1) data (including summary data, and the three inventory

lists — that are printed in this report) files, 2) CSS (Command Substitution

system, for executing programs) files, and 3) FORTRAN program symbolic listing

files. By editing the desired tape-writing parameters into these list files,

either can be used as a command file to write all of the useful files from a disk volume to a tape. A paragraph at the beginning of these files discusses

the record lengths of the data and program files and how to use the list so as

to avoid truncating any files. The blocking factor can be prescribed as desired.

The files will be written onto the tape in ASCII, and they can presumably be

read by any computer capable of reading ASCII tapes.

Additional data, and backup hard copies of most of the data in the computer

files, are located in a set of "house" files—one for each house, identified by

the site code and the house number. (It is expected that these files will be

retained in the custody of Dr. Richard Grot of the Building Physics Division

of CBT.) To facilitate finding any particular piece of data in a house file, some effort has been put into organizing the data sheets in the house files as follows:

1 - Utility data:

space heating energy source electricity

gas

water

2 - Balance point analysis outputs

3 - Fan tests

4 - Air infiltration (from tracer gas) data analysis sheets

5 - Minimum-maximum temperature data (for attic bypass test)

6 - Temperature stratification tests data

7 - Building measurements for thermal analysis (dimensions and descriptions)

8 - Exterior photos

9 - Mechanical systems tests data and photos

10 - Miscellaneous data: CSA Building Weatherization Plan

Homeowner's release

Electrical system inspection sheets

11 - Occupant questionnaires

12 - Options cost summary sheet

Two sets of data are not in either of the above-described media: 1) files of

7 years of daily high/low temperatures for the sites. (In view of the length

of these files, they are maintained on a tape, and a file copied onto a disk
when needed (for calculating degree days at specified balance point (s) —see sections 5.14 and 6.); and 2) thermography data (see section 5.10).

Symbolic listing copies of the FORTRAN program files discussed herein are included on the referenced disk volumes* Rather than risk filling up the disks

by also retaining copies of the .TSK (relocatable, machine-language) versions,

it is assumed that it would be more efficient for a future user to re-compile a program if or when its use is needed.
4. SITE AND HOUSE IDENTIFICATION SCHEME

For purposes of identifying and associating all data items throughout the

demonstration, each house was identified by 1) a three-letter code associated

with the site, and 2) a two-digit number. Since some sites submitted threedigit house numbers (existing project numbers out of their weatherization

applications register), we had to do some renumbering in order to fit the

identifications into our computer file structure. Although some data sheets

have erroneous numbers printed thereon (e.g., some early balance point printouts for Tacoma houses), all data have been carefully checked to be sure that

they are, in fact, in the correct file and properly identified.

The three-digit codes for the 14 cities* from which some data were received are

shown in table 1.

Table 1 City/site Identification Codes

ABE Allentown/Bethlehem/Easton, PA (often referred to as "Easton,"

since the original demonstration project agency for the site was

in that city; however, the weather data used came from Allentown)

ALB Albuquerque*, NM

ATL Atlanta (Forest Park), GA

CHA Charleston, SC

CHI Chicago, IL

CSP Colorado Springs, CO

FAR Fargo, ND

MSP Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN (CAP Agency is located in St. Paul)

NOR New Orleans (Kenner), LA*

OAK Oakland, CA

POR Portland, ME

STL St. Louis, MO

TAG Tacoma, WA

WAS Washington, DC (actually a tri-county area around Hughesville,

MD)

The reader will observe later that these three-digit codes are employed as extensions on the file names of summary data files, as file names (with the

house number, preceded by some code letter, as extension) for files of data

pertaining to a specific house, and as parameters for certain CSS (Command

Substitution System) files to evoke data related to a particular site. They

* Originally 16 cities were selected for the demonstration. Los Angeles was dropped by CSA for agency reasons, and it became evident that it did not

really make sense to study space heating weatherization in Miami. Meaningful

preweatherization data were received from the other 14 sites. However,

Albuquerque and New Orleans did not complete the project; no weatherization

work was ever done in New Orleans, and little or no "post" data were received

on the Albuquerque dwellings.
also provided the basis (with some modification) for naming the weather (i.e.,

daily high/low temperature) files (see section 5.14). Wherever the use of one

of these site codes is discussed in this report, the expression "[CTC]" is

used (meaning, "substitute a city code").
5. DESCRIPTIONS AND INVENTORIES OF THE DATA

5.1 KEY DESCRIPTIVE DATA ABOUT THE BUILDINGS

To serve as a reference at various steps of the analysis process, a set of data

files—one for each site—containing key descriptive information about the

houses was written. This set of files also came to serve as the point of

reference for keeping track of the status of a house vis-a-vis the demonstration, i.e., whether a house was in the "sample" (experimental) group, in the

control group, or had been participating in the Demonstration but was "lost" for

one reason or another.

Since this general descriptive data may be of value in a "ready reference" form,

the latest, updated versions of these "house key data" files are included in

this report as tables 2-13.

The code used for data in these tables is fairly extensive, so it is printed on

the page before table 2.

These key data files are all resident on disk volume CSAl, with file names

"HSKEYDTA.[CTC]". A CSS file, also on CSAl, will print any of the "house key

data" files on the high-speed printer, complete with the heading and the footnotes (see exhibit 1, page ). This program is invoked by typing in

"CSA1:PR2KYD [CTC]".

A few comments are necessary about the data in these files. Column 8,

identified by an asterisk (*) in the heading of tables 2-13, describes the relationship of the house to the demonstration. All houses for which two years of

"pre" data were received and a valid "balance point" analysis was obtained (see

section 6) are listed in the key data files. (In other words, all houses

appearing in the HSBPTDTA files should also appear in the HSKEYDTA files. If a house was selected as part of the sample to be weatherized, an "S" was entered

in this column; houses selected as controls (the houses not to be weatherized,

but the same tests and data collection to be carried out) were identified with

a "C".

For all houses that are blank in column 8 (i.e., that were not selected for the

demonstration) the descriptive data in the files comes mainly from CSA BWP

(Building Weatherization Plan) forms or other "intake interview" type sources.

Such data were not gathered or checked for scientific research purposes and

cannot be considered highly reliable. In particular, only "living space" (area)

and volume figures not enclosed in parentheses are derived from data specifically obtained for the research project on the Building Measurements for Thermal

Analysis forms provided by NBS (see section 5.5). NBS made considerable efforts

to verify the data on these forms.

As for all the other descriptive items in the files, for houses that were

selected for the Demonstration, all of the data have been cross-checked against

all available sources (i.e., construction type against the Building Measurements

for Thermal Analysis forms, heating system type against the Mechanical Systems
Tests data sheets, number of occupants and number of occupied floors against the

occupant questionnaires and floor plans therein).

By the end of the demonstration in June 1980, some attrition of the sample had

occurred. Some homeowners changed their minds about putting up with the

hassles of living in "demonstration houses," and declined further participation.

One house collapsed and one was taken as part of a freeway right-of-way. In

Chicago, some houses were removed from the sample by NBS because the site had

insufficient resources to handle the originally selected sample.

When a house was "lost" early in the demonstration, and little useful data on

the house had been obtained, the "S" or "C" in column 8 was replaced by a "-".

Some of the attrition that occurred related to specific problems with pre/post

fuel consumption comparisons: 1) Insufficient—or insufficiently accurate

post-weatherization fuel data were received to enable us to get a reliable "fix" on post-weatherization consumption. These cases are indicated with an "X" in

column 8. Note that, while pre/post energy consumption cannot be compared,

other data on the house may be useful. 2) Since earlier dwelling energy con- sumption research (e.g., the Twin Rivers, New Jersey, study) had documented that

a change of occupants could significantly affect the energy usage rate of a given house, it was clear that pre-post consumption comparisons of houses in

which a household had moved out and another moved in during the demonstration

could not be assumed to reflect only the effect of the weatherization of the

house. Such houses were excluded from the "results" data in the report of the

demonstration [2] and are indicated in the key data tables in this report by

an "*" in column 8. 3) Weatherization work or other energy use-affecting work

(such as replacing a furnace or installing storm windows) was done to a few control houses during the measurement period of the demonstration. This rendered

the pre/post consumption comparisons of these houses invalid for "control"

purposes —and they are identified with a "+" in column 8. Again, other data

on these houses may well be of value.
CODES USED IN "HSKEYDTA" FILES/TABLES

*: S= Sample; C= Control group; -= lost from sample. += "AFTER" data contaminated by alteration of house; *= Problem with occupancy or data coverage;

X= Problem with (or no) "AFTER" fuel data.

HSE TYP: D= Detached; A=Attached; E= end unit; += part of next higher floor used;

-= part of basement (below grade) occupied;

FL= Only indicated floor occupied. (Floor above not heated).

TYPE: C= Construction; F= Foundation; R= Roof.

FUEL: G = natural gas; 0= oil; P= bottled gas (propane of LPG) ; E= electricity;

K =kerosene; W =wood.

I: Observed infiltration condition: 1=P; 2=P-F; 3=F; 4=F-G; 5=G

HT: Heating System Type: Af =Forced air; Ag =Gravity air;

Wp =Circulated water; Wg =Gravity water; U =Unvented SpH; V =Vented SpH;

S =Space heater; F =Floor furnace; ST =Steam; BB =Baseboard; SV =Stove;

WS =Water or steam (unspecified).

LVSP: Area in square feet. NOTE: Areas & volumes in parentheses () are from

CSA BWP forms, and probably not accurate. Others are from Building

Dimensions for Thermal Analysis data, checked by NBS.

AG: Age of the house (when house entered Demonstration—1977 in most cases)

0: Orientation: 2=NE; 4=SE; 6=SW; 8=NW

NO. OCC: '/' indicates changes during the Demonstration.

#= Occupancy (overall, or daytime) changed; see Questionnaire data. -= No questionnaire data available for verification.
TABLE 2 ATLANTA KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data

was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

ATL

01 S Dl

02 S Dl

05C+ Dl

07 Dl

08 Dl

10 Dl

11 C Dl

12C+ Dl

13 Dl

16-X Dl

17 S Dl

19 S Dl

20S* Dl

21 C Dl

22 S Dl

23 S Dl

24 D2

25CX Dl

27

28

29

30

31

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

G 1 H 1 G 3

FR 3 C

FR C

FRMV S

MV

MV

MV

FR

FR

M

FR

M

FR

FR

M

FR

M

G

G

G

PP

P

G

WG G

BG E

G G

H 1 32SX Dl FRMV C G 5

E

G

G

G

G

G

G

P

G

PG

G

P

E

E

G

G

G

G

G

G

P

G

E

G

G

E

E

UV 869

UV 1392

U4 774

S ( 776)

S (1292)

S ( 841)

UV 1947

UV 1063

S ( 984)

Af(1368)

BB 1014

Af 1326

F 975

F ( 720)

F 1170

Af 835

S ( 768)

VU 1295

Af(1060)

S ( 936)

Af 1110

UF 1343

U2 900

BB 1147

6948

13928

6191

17823

8501

8110

10608

7803

9363

6680

6948

13928

6191

8501

8110

10608

7803

9363

6680

10360 10360

8878

10746

7200

9176

8878

10746

7200

9176

65 N 1 -

99 E 2/1

35 S 1 35 1 -

27 2 - 35 2 - 40 W 1 32 8? 3/2

35 3 -

7 W 4 -

8 2 3 -

7 S 6/4

20 W 3 #

28 S 2 #

27 W 2 #

16 E 2/6 #

22 1 -

17 2

13 9 -

16 1 - 64 E 2 -

10 W 7/8

23 E 3

10 S 5

10
TA^LE 3

CHARLESTON KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

CHA

OlSX Dl

02 S Dl

03 S Dl

04 Dl

05 C Dl

06 Dl

07 Dl

08 S Dl

09SX Dl

10 Dl

11 Dl

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

D2

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

S

C

SC

22SX Dl

23 S Dl

24 C Dl

25 S Dl

26 Dl

27SX Dl

28 C Dl

29 Dl

30

31

32

33

33

34

35

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

FR

FR

M

MV

M

FR

FR

M

MV

M

MV

FR

FR

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M

FR

MV

M

M

M

FR

M

M

MV

MV

FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

C G

C G

S G

G

G

H

G

G

G

G

G

G

H

G

G

G

G

H

H

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

H

H

G

G

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

C

K

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

E

P

E

E

E

E

E

E

P

E

G

E

E

N

N

E

P

WP N

P E

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

P

PW

KPWP

P P

P G

PW

P

N

E

E

P

P

E

E

V2 1356 10848

U 1344 10752

V 1088 8604

S (1352)

U2 1428 11424

SP( 896)

GW(1176)

V 1088 8704

1088 8704

(1107)

(1450)

(1050)

( 660)

(1560)

( 950)

1276

( 816)

1120 8960

816 6528

V

S

S

S

S

S

SU

S

U2

U2

U4

U2

U

U2

U3

U2

10848

10752

8604

11424

8704

8704

9688 9688

1288 10304

1176 9408

918 7344

1368 10944

660 4950

675 5400

S (1118)(7532

U2(1076)13296

U3 1662

S (1480)

S (1538)

S (1448)

S (1086)

UV 1020

UV

S (1504)

S (1298)

8960

6528

10304

9408

7344

10944

4950

5400

)(7532)

13296

8160 8160

43 N 3

20 2? 2

7 2 2 #

10 3 -

6 N 1 -

6 4 - 75 4

7 2 8

6 2? 4 -

9 1 -

36 5 -

13 2 -

15 4 -

15 2 -

28 3 -

7 S 6 -

6 7 - 10 4? 8/7

11 8? 2

12 N 7 #

8 4? 1/2

22 S? 4

31 W 3

14 6? 2/1

20 2 3

11 9 -

10 2 4

10 S 4

15 6 -

10 4 -

10 3 -

27 8 -

55 E 3

40 3 —

42 2 -

11
TABLE 3 (cont.)

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

CHA 39SD1 MV CG PNU 1092 8736 8736

CHA 40 Dl MV G E S ( 850)

CHA 42SX Dl MV C U P E U2 1371 9597 9597

CHA 43 Dl MV G P S (1085)

CHA 44 S Dl FR C G PO E UV 1020 7140 7140

CHA 45 Dl MV G PO E S (1518)

CHA 46 Dl FR G PES (1147)

CHA 47 S Dl MV C G WE E BB 1040 8320 8320

CHA 48 Dl MV H PW E S (1356)

CHA 49SD1 MV CG PEV 1026 8208 8208

CHA 50 Dl MV G P S (1450)

46 E? 2/1

7 4

12 S 3

6 2 12 N 2

20 1 30 1 6 8? 5

12 1 6 5 7 10

12
09/28/81

TABLE 4

CHICAGO KEY DATA

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data

was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS

CDE NO * HSETYP

—TYPEC F R I FUEL

SP W HT LVSP TOTAL

VOLUMES • FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AGNO.

OCC

CHI 02 Dl MV B H 5 G G A ( 800) 27 2 - CHI 03SX D1+ FR B G 5 G G AF(1907) 50 3 - CHI 04-X A MV B F 3 G G? WS71980) 71 1 - CHI 05 S D1+ MV B G 5 G G AF(1714) 15 8 - CHI 07CX AU- M B H 5 G G AF(1848) 35 4

CHI 08SX DI FR B H 5 G G WG(1188) 50 E 4

CHI 09 S D2 MV B 4 G G AF(1628) 60 W 3

CHI lOSX D1+ FR B G 5 G G AF(1901) 80 2 - CHI 11 S D2 MV B 3 G G WP 1800 50 S 6/4

CHI 12 S Dl FR B G 2 G G AG 1134 99 N 4

CHI 13 - Dl MV B G 3 G G WG( 960) 85 3 - CHI 14 S Dl MV B G 5 G G WG 1984 60 W 2 CHI 15SX Dl FR B G 3 G G WG(1364) 99 W 4/3

CHI 16SX D1+ FR B H 5 G G AF(1546) 65 E 11/9

CHI 17CX Dl FR B H 3 G G AF(1383) 7 E 7/6

CHI 18SX Dl-h MV B G 4 G G WP(2877) 47 S 14

CHI 19 S D2 FR B H 3 G G WP 2488 65 w 1/4

CHI 20-X D1+ MV B G 5 G G? WS71683) 85 5 - CHI 22-X Dl MV B H 3 G G AF(1113) 17 1 - CHI 23SX Dl-I- FR B G 3 G G WP(1134) 64 2 - CHI 24CX D1+ M B H 3 G G WP(1344) 61 E 5 #

CHI 25 S D2 MV B F 3 G G AG 1120 25 W 2 CHI 26SX D1+ FR B G 3 G G AF(1392) 85 5 - CHI 28 D2 MV B F 3 A (1936) 60 N 9 - CHI 29 S D2 FR B 5 G G+F ST 1616 99 E 2/1

CHI 30-X D2 MV C F 1 G G V2(1760) 85 S 5 - CHI 31-X D2 FR B G 3 G G AF(2240) 99 S 3 - CHI 32 S D2 FR B H 3 G G AF 2580 60 E 5/6

CHI 33-X D2 FR B G 3 G G VU( 816) 50 E 1 - CHI 34-X D2 FR B G 3 G G? ST72219) 65 W 6 - CHI 35CX DH-2 MV B G 3 G G AF(llOO) 8 E 7 - CHI 36 Dl FR B G 1 G G A ( 748) 75 W 1 - CHI 37SX Dl FR BC G 5 G G AG( 880) 60 N 4

CHI 38 S 01+ MV B G 3 G G WP 2136 65 E 7 CHI 39-X D1+ MV B H 5 G G? A?(1100) 25 S 2 - CHI 40 D1+ FR B G 3 G G A (8400) 60 E 4 -

13
TABLE 5

COLORADO SPRINGS KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data

was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

CSP 01 C Dl+2 FRMV EC G 3 G G Af 1125 8766 5528 3238

CSP 02 D1+ FR C G 3 G G Af( 894)

CSP 03 Dl FR C G 3 G G Af(1048)

CSP 04 D1+ ST C G 3 E G Af(1229)

CSP 05 C Dl FR B G 4 G G Af 1391 11333 11333

CSP 06C+ Dl M FR C F 5 G G Af 857 7030 7030

CSP 07 S Dl FR BC G 5 G G Af 688 5323 5323

CSP 08 C Dl FR B G 4 G G Ag 746 6263 6263

CSP 09 Dl MV B G 3 G G BB( 577)

CSP 10 C D1+ FRST C G 5 G G V2 1205 9697 5929 3769

CSP 11 S Dl FR C G 5 G G Af 833 6664 6664

CSP 12 D1+ FR C H 3 G G Af( 977)

CSP 13 S Dl FR BC G 5 G G F 541 4351 4351

CSP 14 S D2 FRMV B G 5 ^G G Af 1547 12104 5897 6207

CSP 16 Dl FR S G 3 G G S (1460)

CSP 17 S Dl FR BC F 3 G G F 682 5453 5453

CSP 20 S Dl FR BC G 5 G G FV 891 7841 7841

CSP 21 Dl FR B G 3 G G Af(1085)

CSP 23 S D2 FR B G G G Af 1568 12330 5969 6361

CSP 24 S Dl FR BC H 3 G G Af 966 8696 8696

CSP 26 S DH- FR BC G 3 G G Af 1136 9298 5135 4162

CSP 28 - D1+ FRST B G 3 G G Af(1523)

CSP 31 S D2 FRMV B G 3 G G Af 791? 6325? ? ? CSP 34S* D1+ FR BC H 3 G G Ag 982 8273 5592 2681

CSP 35 D2 FR C G 3 G G A (1165)

CSP 37 S Dl FR BC G 3 G G Af 915 7415 7415

CSP 40 Dl FR B G 3 G G (1073)

CSP 41 S Dl FRMV C G 3 G G Af 649 5188 5188

CSP 43 S Dl- FR B G 3 G G Af 923? 7386? ? ? CSP 44 S D2 FR B G 3 G G Af 786? 6290? ? ? CSP 47 S Dl FR BC G 3 G G Af 585 4736 4736

CSP 49 S Dl FRMV B G 3 G G Af 884 7072 7072

CSP 51 Dl FR B G 3 G G Ag(lOOO)

9 E 3

15 7 -

29 1 - 40 3 - 80 N 6/4

30 S 2

60 S 2 50 E 2/1

60 2 - 99 N 1 6 4 1/2 #

60 1 - 30 S 1 #

6 W 8/7 #

5 1 -

65 S 2 78 S 2/1

60 1 -

6 E 2/7

74 W 2

75 N 2 #

75 E 2 -

7 N 5/3

60 W 3? - 85 N 5 - 60 S 1 8 8 -

7 S? 4

15 W?l/2

8 S?6/8/5

70 E 1 #

6 8 4 -

99 1 -

14
TABLE 6

EASTON (ALLENTOWN, BETHLEHEM) KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

ABE 01 D2+ FR B H 4 P E S (1190)

ABE 03£;* Dl FR B H 3 P Af 890 7564 7564

ABE 04 S A2E M B H 4 G Af 960 7680 3840 3840

ABE 05 A FR B G 4 G G A ( 696)

ABE 06 D2+ FR B H 4 F WS(1584)

ABE 09 D2+ FR B G 4 G G A (1852)

ABE IISX A2 M B M 4 F Wp 1951 17010 8505 8505

ABE 12 S D2+ FR B G 2 G G Wp 1552 12416 ? ? ABE 13 Dl FR B H 4 F W (1102)

ABE 14 A M B H 2 F A (2450)

ABE 15 A FR B G 3 G A ( 768)

ABE 16 D2 M B G 3 G G A (1144)

ABE 17 A FR B G 3 G A (1296)

ABE 18 D2 FR B G 3 G W (1745)

ABE 20 S D2 FR B G 4 E ? A? 1144 9152 4576 4576

ABE 21 A FR B G 3 A (1710)

ABE 22 S A2E M B G 5 F Wp 1993 16940 8470 8470

ABE 23 S D2 FR B G 3 G G Af 1450 13050 6525 6525

ABE 25 S A2+E M B H 3 G Ag 960 7680 ? 7 ABE 26 A2 FR B G 3 G E W (1280)

ABE 27 S A2E FR B G 4 G G Af 1290 11610 5805 5805

ABE 28 S D2 FR B G 4 G Af 1720 13760 ? ? ABE 29 D2 M B G 4 F Wp(2112)

ABE 30 A FR B H 4 G A (1316)

ABE 31 S Dl FR B G 4 F Wp 1218 9750 9750

ABE 32 C D1+ M B G 4 F Wp 1492 11936 7400 4536

ABE 33 S Dl FR S G 4 F Wp 1152 9216 9216

ABE 36 D2 M B G 3 F W (1107)

ABE 37 D2 M B G 4 W (1680)

ABE 38 C D2 M B H 5 G G Wg(1768) (7955)(7955)

ABE 39 S A2 M B F 4 F Wp 1858 16479 8240 8240

ABE 40 D2 M B 4 E A (1764)

ABE 41 A M B F 4 F W (1380)

ABE 42 S Dl FR B G 5 E ? A? 768 6144 6144

ABE 43 A M B F 4 G G W (1950)

ABE 44 S Dl FR B H 3 G G Af 1274 10195 10195

ABE 45 Dl FR B G 5 E A ( 910)

ABE 46 C D2 M B H 3 F Wp(l408) (5632)(5632)

99

60 N 2/0

65 N 4

59

99

32

85 E 1/0

70 S 4

19

60

75

99

90

30

7 W 2

53

60 S 1 75 2 2/1

99 E 5 70

60 W 2 70 E? 1 40

60

30 W 1/3

18 N 4

21 4 1 99 E

80 W

50 W 3

99 S

fin 3

oU

45 N

8 W 1 65 W

65 2 25

50 2/3

15
TABLE 7 FARGO KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data

was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

FAR 02 S Dl FR B G 4 G G Af 614 4546 4546

FAR 03 Dl FR B H 4 G E A ( 864)

FAR 04 D2 FR B G 4 WS(1768)

FAR OSS;* Dl FR C G 3 G G Af 654 5228 5228

FAR 06 S Dl FR B G 4 E Ag 634 5709 5709

FAR 09 Dl FR B G 3 E A ( 840)

FAR 10 S Dl FR B H 4 E Ag 650 5202 5202

FAR 11 S Dl FR B G 3 G Af 1225 9800 9800

FAR 12 D2 FR B G 2 G A (1440)

FAR 13 C Dl FR B G 3 G G Af 893 8037 8037

FAR 15 S Dl FR B G 4 G Af 969 7753 7753

FAR 17 S Dl FR C G 3 G E Af 763 6108 6108

FAR 18 Dl FR B G 4 E A ( 785)

FAR 19 Dl FR B G 2 G E A ( 432)

FAR 20 Dl. 5 FR C G 1 E A (1296)

FAR 21 Dl FR B H 3 P P A ( 720)

FAR 22 C Dl FR C G 2 G G V 492 3936 3936

FAR 23 C Dl FR B N 3 - Af 1575 :L1663 11663

FAR 24 Dl. 5 FR B G 4 G A (1224)

FAR 25 S Dl FR B G 3 G Af 684 5472 5472

FAR 26 C Dl FR B G 3 G E Af 884 7072 7072

FAR 27 S Dl FR B G 3 E Af 581 3698 3698

FAR 29 Dl FR B G 3 G A ( 800)

FAR 30 S Dl FR B G 4 G G Af 747 5979 5979

FAR 32 S Dl FR B G 4 G G Af 945 8739 8739

FAR 33 Dl FR B G 2 G A ( 672)

FAR 34 C Dl FR C G E Af 805 5877 5877

FAR 35 s Dl FR C H 5 G G Wp 1225 9798 9798

FAR 36 s Dl FR C G 3 G G Af 517 4136 4136

FAR 37 D2 FR B G G

50 S 1 50 S 5 -

65 S 8 -

35 E 2 -

50 E 2

40 E 1 - 50 W 1 40 N 1 #

75 S 4 -

75 S 1 40 E 1 25 S 1/3 #

24 N 1 -

49 W 1 -

60 S 8 - 50 W 1 - 50 W 1 50 E 2/1 #

70 E 5 - 50 S 2/1/2

17 E 3/2

50 W 3 #

60 E 3

- 60 N 1 50 S 1 50 E 5 -

15 E 1 20 S 3

15 E 1

16
TABLE 8

MINNEAPOLIS/ ST. PAUL KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data

was received and run through 'BALPNT* analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES— -—— NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

MSP 01 S D1+ FR B G 3 G G AF 1201 11269 ?

? MSP 02 S D2 FR B H 3 G G WP 1248 10608 5304 5304

MSP 03 S Dl FR G 3 G G AF 960 7680 7680

MSP 04 S D2 FR B G 3 G G WG 1944 15552 ? ? MSP 05-X D2 FR B G 3 G F? W?(1280)

MSP 06C+ 01+ FR B G 5 0/G G WP (880)

MSP 07-X Dl FR B H 3 G ? A?(1080)

MSP 08 S D2 FR B H 3 F A 1560 14828 7414 7414

MSP 08 S G G WP

MSP 09 A2 FR B H 3 G G W (2240)

MSP 10 A2 FR B H 5 G G A (3168)

MSP 11 D1+ FR BC G 5 G S (1890)

MSP 12-X D2 FR B G 5 G G S? (800)

MSP 13 S D2 FR B G 5 G G V 1680 13440 ? 7 MSP 17 D2 FR B G 1 G A (1040)

MSP 19-X MH FR S F 3 E A? (500)

MSP 20 S Dl FR B H 5 GW G AF 1260 9450 9450

MSP 21 S D2 FR G G G AF 1816 17296 8646 8646

MSP 22 D2 FR B M 3 G F A (650)

MSP 23 S D2 FR B G 4 G G WG 2322 22114 ? 7 MSP 25 C Dl FR B G 3 G G AG(1215)

MSP 26 S D1+ FR B G 3 G E V 1344 11760 ?

7 MSP 27CX D2 FR B G 3 G W?(2560)

MSP 28 C D1+ FR B G 3 G G AG(1440)

MSP 30 Dl FR B H N G G A (1144)

MSP 31 C D2 FR B G 3 G G AG(4032)

MSP 32 D1+ FR B G 3 G F A (1080)

MSP 33 S Dl FR B H 3 G G AG? 672 6048 6048

MSP 34 S D1+ FR B G 3 G G WG 2312 18496 7 7 MSP 35 D2 FR B G 5 G F A (3132)

MSP 36 C D2 FR B 3 G G WP(3780)

MSP 37 C D2+ FR B G 5 G G ? (1980)

MSP 38SX D1+ FR B G 3 G G WG(1620)

MSP 39SX Dl FR B G 3 G A? 1200 9600 9600

MSP 40 S Dl FR B G G AF 1128 9024 9024

MSP 41 Dl FR B G 3 G W (1584)

MSP 42 S D1+ FR B G 3 G G WG 1141 8921 ?

7

70 E 4

60 S 4

40 W 6

80 S 2 60 S 8

? N 1/2

20 E 1 70 N 2

80 S 2 67 E 4

99 N 2 50 N 4

80 N 4

99 W 3

17 2 15 N 4

45 S 5 60 N 7 61 W 4/7

54 E 5

99 W 7 62 N 1 77 S 1 30 W 2 27 W 4

99 E 3

50 E 1 67 S 2 80 S 1 50 S 7 80 N 6

85 N 1 80 N 2 99 E 4

70 S 2 50 S 2

17
TABLE 8 (cont.)

CTY HS HSE —TYPE-— FUEL VOLUMES- NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

MSP 43 D1+ FR B G 3 W (2916) 30 W 6

MSP 44 S Dl FR B H 5 G G AF 1314 10512 10512 18 S 6

MSP 45 S D2 FR B H 3 G G AG 1257 10061 5031 5031 50 S 4

MSP 46 S Dl FR B G 3 G G AG 1004 8032 8032 65 E 4

MSP 47 D1+ FR B G 3 AF(2598) 87 W 1 MSP 49 D1+ FR B G 3 G G W (1890) 22 E 6

18
TABLE 9

OAKLAND KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data

was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

OAK

05 C

06 C

07

09 C

12

15

17 S

19 S

20

24

25

26 S

28SX

29

31 S

32

33 S

34 S

35 S

36S*

37 C

38 S 39

40

42

D2 FR

Dl- FR

Dl M

D1+ FR

D1+ FR

Dl FR

Dl

Dl

D2

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

Dl

FR

FR

FR

FR

D1+ FR

Dl FR

FR

FR

M

DH- FR

Dl M

M

FR

D1+ M

Dl FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

C H

B G

C H

B G

B G

B H

C G

BC G

B G

B G

B H

C G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G? S?

G? Ag

G? ? G? S?

G? S?

G? S?

G? S?

G? S?

E? ? G? A?

G? S?

G? S?

G? S?

G? A?

G? S?

G? S?

G? S?

G? A?

G? A?

G? S?

G? S?

G? S?

G? S?

G? S?

G? A?

(1482)

?1104)

(1300)

( 875)

(1008)

( 840)

660

3300

( 705)

(1248)

( 494)

1056

( 962)

(1225)

790

(1050)

1318

1056

805

1706

(1050)

1512

( 999)

(1066)

( 985)

50 6/7 #

80 5

65 1 - 65 7 #

80 1 - 50 - 45 3

70 6 -

78 3 - 62 1 - 50 3 - 50 9

50 5 - 50 5 - 60 2 - 60 5 -

60 2/3

40 4

40 2/1

80 3 #

40 3 - 60 3/2/3

5 - 60 2 - 70 1 -

19
TABLE 10

PORTLAND KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

POR

02SX

03 - 04SX

07 S

D2

D2

FR

FR

D1+ FR

D2 FR

09

10

11

12

15

16

17

17

18SX

19SX

20 S

D2

Dl

21

23

25

26

28

29

30

31

32CX

33 C

34

D2

D2

Dl

Dl

D2

D3

Dl

Dl

FR

FR

D1+ FR

D2 FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

FR

D1+ FR

D2 FR

D1+ FR

D3+1 FR

D2 FR

D2+1 FR

D2 FR

D2 FR

D2 FR

Dl FR

G

G

G

M

G

H

G

H

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

G

H

G

G

G

G

G

F?

OW F?

F?

E?

E?

G G?

OW E?

F?

E?

E?

7

9 OW E?

OW F?

F?

OW E?

E?

F?

F?

E?

E?

F?

F?

F?

E?

7

WS71440)

WP(2000)

WP(1620)

A?(1380)

WG(1716)

S? 743

AF 1130

WP? 864

AF(3256)

AF 1774

AG71060)

AF?

AG(2160)

WH72178)

WP 990

AF 468

1848

1738

1697

3640)

9 1948(

2540(

2200(

2204(

594)

A?

WP

WP

ST

WG

WP

WP

ST

AF

A?(

5944?

8682?

7343?

15372?

7

7920?

3276?

15708?

13468?

12727?

5944?

5248? 3434?

2448? 4895?

9134? 6238?

9

7920?

3276?

7854? 7854?

6906? 6562?

6788? 5939?

? ? ? 15380)(8084)(7300)

21420(10710(10710)

18637)

18062)(9031)(9031)

55 W 2 20 W 2 99 8 3

75 8 6 99 S 2 75 W 1 50 8 3

70 2 5

75 N 5

23 8 2 55 6 1

80 4 4

55 W 4Y

40 S 2 30 S 4

80 W 6

99 N 3

99 N 2 75 N 5 60 W 6

50 E 4

99 2 4

75 3

75 7 60 7

20
TABLE 11

ST. LOUIS KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

STL

02

04C+

04C+

05 S

06 S

07 S

08

09

10 C

IISX

13

14S*

15SX

17 S 18SX

23 C

D2+ M

D2+ M

Dl

D2+ M

Dl M

Dl M

Dl M

28

29

34

34

37

38 S

39

40 S

41 S

42 S

43

44-X

46 S

49 S

50

52

55 S 56 S

62

69

70SX

D2 PR B G 1 G G S (1122)

D3 M B 2 G G AG(3500) ? D3 G G AF

D2 FR S G 3 G G AF 1039 8104 D2M BF3GGAF 1477 14922

Dl FR B G 1 G G AF 689 6690

Dl FR G 3 G G A (1152)

D2 M B H 3 G G WS(2430)

B G 3 G G AF(1440)

B H 1 G G ST(2964)

FR G 3 G G S ( 750)

B H 2 G G AF(3402)

B F 2 G G V (1080)

C F 2 G G AF 1938 19347

B F 3 G G AF( 884) ? IFL M B F 3 G G AF(2117)

2FL M B F 1 G G AF 1841 16319

D2+ M B H 3 G G WP 2300 20935

DIH- FR B F 2 G G AG 1189 13260

D1+ FR G G AF D2M BG3GGA (2880)

DH- FR B H 4 G G AF 1568 11961

D2 M B F 2 G A (2280)

IFL M B F 1 G G AF 1929 18620

Dl M B F 2 G G WG 1028 9256

D2 FR B G 3 G G AF 1271 10695

D2 M B F 1 G G WS(1840)

D2 M B F 3 G G AF(3400) ? D2 M B F 4 G G AG 2138 20256

D1+ FR B 3 G G AF 1328 13282

D2 FR B G 2 G S (1968)

Dl M BF4GGS( 816)

Dl FR B G 1 G G AG 784

Dl M B M 2 G G AF 885

D3 FR B H 3 G G A (5850)

Dl FR B G 1 G F A ( 900)

D2 M B H 3 G G? WG(1440)

? 6690

??

?

1 19347

16319

? ?

? ?

6436

7085

?

18620

9256

? ?

? ?

? ? 8151 5133

6436

7085

80 N 3 - 80 S 3

7 S 5

55 S 7/6

50 2/3 #

30 E 5 - 70 S 8 - 55 W 5

55 S 1 25 S 1 - 80 S 4

55 N 4

60 E 4

50 W 2

90 S 3/2

80 E 3

80 S 2

40 E 7

40 E 6 -

99 W 8/7

40 N 2 -

57 N 1 40 W 4/3

60 E 1 60 W 1 - 50 N 4 - 90 W 1 71 N 2

50 E 6 -

55 4 - 25 N 3

50 E 5/6 #

70 S 5 - 20 W 1 -

70 N 5/3

21
TABLE 11 (cont.)

CTY HS

CDE NO * HSETYP

—TYPEC F R I FUEL

SP W HT LVSP TOTAL

VOLUMESFL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG

NO.

OCC

STL 71 D3 M B H 3 G G A (3654) 50 N 4

STL 77 S D2 M B G 3 G G AF 1356 11633 ? ? 60 W 4

STL 78 Dl FR B G 3 G G A ( 850) 29 3

STL 92 S Dl M B F 3 G G AF 946 8514 8514 60 3

STL 93 S Dl FR B G 2 G G AF 676 5412 5412 65 2

STL 94 D1+ FR B H 3 G G A 60 7 STL 95 Dl FR B G 2 G G AF(1575) 65 7 STL 97 Dl FR B G 1 G S 60 9

22
ABLE 12

TACOMA KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data

was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HI LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

TAG 04 S Dl FR G G 3 E E BB 1072 8254 8254

TAG 09 Dl G G 3 EW E BB(1237)

TAG 21 S Dl FR G H 2 G G AF 1660 12948 12948

TAG 37 G Dl FR G H 2 E E BB ?

? ? TAG 39 S Dl FR G 1 E E BB 960 6826 6826

TAG 45 S Dl FR G F 3 G G V 900 7110 7110

TAG 49 S Dl FR B G 3 G E V 646 5168 5168

TAG 55 S IFL FR G 3 G E AF 928 7920 7920

TAG 57S* Dl FR G G 3 G E U 948 8514? 8514?

TAG 58 G D1+ FR G G 3 G E V ? ? 7 TAG 65 Dl G H 2 E E BB( 925)

TAG 68 Dl FR 5 E E A (1640)

TAG 75 G Dl FR G G 3 G G V (1083) 7 7 TAG 76 G Dl FR G G 4 E E BB(1426) ? 7 TAG 79 Dl FR G G 2 OE E ST(1104)

TAG 81 S Dl FR G F 5 E E BB 1008 7862 7862

TAG 83 S Dl FR G H 3 G E AF 1080 8424 8424

TAG 87 S IFL FR GB 4 G G U 546 4332 4332

TAG 98 G IFL FR G G 3 GW E AF('1344) ? 7

8 4

15 1 -

25 1/2

50 1 12 2

29 3

45 1 80 1 25 4/5

60 7 78 3 -

5 4 - 40 1 10 4/5/4

99 -

8 4/6/4

24 1 50 1 35 2

23
TABLE 13

WASHINGTON (HUGHESVILLE, liD) KEY DATA

09/28/81

KEY (FIXED) DATA ON HOUSES PROPOSED FOR CSA DEMONSTRATION

(Houses for which at least 2 years of "prior" fuel data was received and run through 'BALPNT' analysis).

CTY HS HSE —TYPE FUEL VOLUMES NO.

CDE NO * TYP C F R I SP W HT LVSP TOTAL FL 1 FL 2 FL 3 ATTC AG OCC

WAS 02 S Dl FR B G 2 P E V 681 5448 5448

WAS 03 FR C 3 E A ( 912)

WAS 05SX D2 FR C G 2 K E V 1176 8938 4469 4469

WAS 06 C Dl M C G 5 F WP(1040)(8320)(8320)

WAS 07 S Dl FR C H 3 E AF 1056 8448 8448

WAS 08SX Dl FR B G 3 K E V 869 6949 6949

WAS 09 D2 FR C 3 K S (2618)

WAS 11 FR C 1 K ST(5280)

WAS 14 FR B 1 E

WAS 19 MV C E ST

WAS 21 FR C 3 E A ( 672)

WAS 24SX Dl FR B G ,3 F WP 1320 10560 10560

WAS 27SX Dl FR C G 2 K P V 680 4760 4760

WAS 30 MV C 5 WS(1577)

WAS 31 FR C K E

WAS 4 OCX Dl MV C G P P? S? 1000)(7059)

WAS 41 S Dl FR C G K/P P V 1152 10242 10242

WAS 44SX D2 FR B G 4 E AF 1456 11648 5824 5824

WAS 47SX D2- FR B G 3 K P V 1264 10118 ? ? WAS 53 S D1+ FR B G 2 F WP 772 6176 ? ? WAS 54 Dl FR B G 3 E A ( 998)

WAS 55 FR C 3 K E ( 868)

WAS 56 FR C 2 P P ( 960)

WAS 57 C Dl FR C G 3 K E V ( 912)(7296)

WAS 58CX Dl FR B G 4 F WP(1104)(8832)

WAS 60 D1+ FR C G 2 OW E (1262)

WAS 62 D2 MFR C G 3 F WS(1800)

WAS 63CX Dl FR C G 5 E AF(1564) ? ? WAS 64 MV B 3 E A (1247)

WAS 65 FR B 4 E WS(IOOO)

WAS 67 M B 4 E A (2240)

WAS 68 FR C 3 K E S ( 616)

29 4 1 80 - 55 2

12 6

45 1 45 4 1 99 - 90 -

10 9 -

17 -

10 -

18 12/8

10 2/6

19 2 -

24 1 40 1 60 1 60 3

70 1 5 - 26 1 - 40 -

3 2 // 36 6 #

90 - 32 2 - 40 1 13 3 -

13 1 -

7 6 - 25 3 -

24
EXHIBIT I

* CSS file "PR2KYD"

* To print HSKEYDTA files (with heading) on PR2:

* Use first parameter (@1) to specify site/city.

* Use nonnull second parameter ((?2) to evoke Versatec output, also.

*XDELETE CSAl : TABLEDTE

.

AL CSAl: TABLEDTE., IN, 20

D T , CSAl: TABLEDTE.

XDELETE CSAl : PRNTKYDT

AL CSAl: PRNTKYDT, IN, 80

CSAl :COPYA/P CSAl : TABLEDTE, CSAl : PRNTKYDT, ,10

CSAl : APPEND/P CSAl : HSKEYDTA. HDG, CSAl : PRNTKYDT

CSAl : APPEND/P CSAl : HSKEYDTA . (§1 , CSAl : PRNTKYDT

CSA1:APPEND/P CSAl :HSKEYDTA.FNT, CSAl: PRNTKYDT

CSA1:C0PYA/S CSAl: PRNTKYDT, PR2:

$IFNNULL 02

CSA1:UPPR

CSA1:C0PYA/P CSAl: PRNTKYDT, PR:

CSA1:UPPR

$ENDC

DE CSAl: TABLEDTE ;DE CSAl: PRNTKYDT

$EXIT

NOTES: "UPPR" is a utility routine that "page-ejects" the Versatec printer

(PR:). It is used after a COPYA to that printer to avoid "washout"

of final print lines.

"PR:" is a Versatec electrostatic printer in the Center for Building

Technology (CBT) computer system. (It will print both upper and lower

case letters, while the high-speed printer can print only upper case.)

25
5.2 UTILITY DATA

Clearly, the data needs of this demonstration started with a requirement for

measurements of the space heating energy consumption of the houses. Specifically, we required 2 years of pre-demonstratlon space heating consumption

readings (July 1975-July 1977, to cover two complete heating seasons) as part

of the Information to be submitted by local site agencies for proposed demonstration houses. These data came, variously, from utility company records

(computer printouts, or hand copies), fuel company delivery and billing records

(or delivery Invoices), or homeowner-retained records.

Although the regular utility meter was read and reported as part of the weekly

readings (see following section), the project staff requested site agencies to

provide complete utility or fuel company records through the period of the

demonstration—from July 1975 through June 1980, as backup data to the weekly

readings. As indicated in the inventory (table 15, beginning page 30), some

of the later data were entered into the computer files and some are available

only in hard copies. The coding scheme used to identify fuel types, and the

utility data computer files, is shown in table 14.

TABLE 14

CODES FOR FUEL/UTILITY AND ASSOCIATED FILE TYPES

G natural gas in therms

M natural gas in 100 ft-^ (i.e., "meter" readings)

oil in gallons

E electricity in kWh

B propane or LPG in gallons

P propane or LPG in ft-* (from line meters)

K kerosene in gallons

D (see discussion below)

All computer disk-based utility data files are located on disk CSAl, and are named as follows:

[CTC].[F] [NM]

where:

CTC Is the site/city code (discussed above);

F is the one-letter code for fuel/file type; and

NM is the two-digit house number.

When we originally began writing space heating consumption data files, a convention was adopted to identify the file containing the measurements of the

principal space heating energy source by a ".D" ("dwelling"), regardless of

the fuel type. Thus, for a house that originally used two fuel types, such as Charleston no. 33, there is a CHA.D33 file containing the bottled gas consumption data and a CHA.K33 file with the kerosene data.

26
To most efficiently serve the needs of the "balance point" analysis program,

each record in a utility data file contained, in addition to the city code,

house number, and fuel type, a beginning date (i.e., last previous reading or delivery date) the current reading or delivery date, and the fuel amount.

(Obviously, delivery data were used on the assumption that the tank was filled,

thus accurately reflecting consumption since the last "filling" of the tank.

Analysis by the "balance point" program showed that, in many cases, this assumption was valid, but for some it was not—at least, in some cases the delivery

records vs. degree days displayed a very poor fit to a straight line.)

Thus, the standard record in a utility data file has the following format (dates

being printed: month, day, year):

CTC MN F 07 01 75 08 03 75 001.0 [E] ([ ] = optional)

The optional "E" at the end identifies the record to the Balance Point analysis

program as an estimated reading, not to be used as a measurement by itself,

but to be cumulated with subsequent reading(s) until no E occurs. Such E's were also sometimes inserted in the files as an editing procedure: if the

initial analysis run resulted in an unsatisfactorily low R^ and examination

of the tabular printout (see section 6.0) showed one or more pairs of successive data points with high followed by low or low/high residuals, it was assumed that in the first record of the pair, either 1) the meter was misread

(or misrecorded) or 2) the date was misreported. In such cases, the first

record was combined with the one following by inserting "E" in the proper

column, and the analysis rerun. The rationale for this procedure is that

meters accumulate consumption—thus, an erroneously reported meter reading is

corrected by the next (correct) reading. This resulted in one (or more) fewer

data points, but often a much improved R^.

A CSS file on disk CSAl uses the C0PY32 utility (loaded from an appropriate

source) to print any utility data file ( any file, for that matter) with the

file name shown as a heading. This CSS file is invoked by "RPPRPRNT. [CSS]

[FILENAME. EXT]" (see exhibit 2).

Having in mind that the operation of electrical or gas devices or appliances

contributes to the internal heat gains of a building, we requested that sites

provide 1975-1980 records for consumption for all energy sources. As shown by

the inventories, these supplementary utility data were received from some, but

not all, sites.

Also, since we were measuring 1) hot water consumption and 2) water heating

fuel consumption, we requested records of total water consumption as a background. Again, these were received from some, but not all, of these sites.

One note concerning natural gas consumption records: Originally we tended to

assume gas consumption records from utilities were in therms, unless clearly

stated otherwise, so the "G" fuel code was used. Closer examination of the

original submissions in the inventorying process has revealed this assumption

to be incorrect in some cases. For example, the data from Colorado Springs is

in the form of "meter readings" and "differences"—thus, the consumption is, by

27
implication, in lOOft^, not therms. The implications of incorrect use of "G" or

"M" are 1) the labels on the "balance point" analysis printout will be incorrect and 2) all Btu conversions of the data will be in error by roughly 3 percent. Every effort was made to check and correct the utility and the summary

data files (see section 6.0), but all utility files incorporating the "G" code

should be cross checked against the original data before future use.

28
EXHIBIT 2

* CSS file "RPRPRNT"

* To print (on PR: —Versatec printer) any file,

* with file name listed at top, and number of records shown at bottom,

*$BUILD CSAl: RCOPY.CMD

COPY CSA1:@1,PR:

END

$ENDB

LO CSA1:C0PY32

ST,C0MMAND=CSA1:RC0PY.CMD,LIST=C:

CSAl : UPPR

$EXIT

29
HMH<

CO

•H

PL4

<u

IS

iri

OoH

IZw

CO o

*-> o

4-1 O

0) w

60o

CD

<U

(0 e

•H

0)ooBoB

•H

0)OoOu

•Hooou

•H

(UOoHou3 I Pt4 I O

!3H I

60

•H

i-> CO

(U PC

(Uo

rtaw

0)

(U COI «oww

1^

00OI mooo• w

pa<

CMI inO

PQW

PQ< O

tcCO-^

C^

r^

enOI inp^

aso

PQ

OO

CTi OI int^

ino

60

•H

4J

CO

<U EC

(Uo

CO CO

CO

COo•

PQ CJ

<3 in

i-i 00 r^ o o o o• •

PQ PQ <: < O .-I

in

00oI o oI I in 00 o

00

CM 00 CS o o o

•<1- CO o o t I in 00

CM <J^

i-H

O

C3N CMo

00oI int^o W -co- PQ U < X

00o

00

o^ in o o I I in o>

in ON o o

COow

PQ< owPQ c

•H

4J

CO

0) PC

(Uo

COa

CO

(U9) COI o

CMow

PQ CJ C_J <: PC PC CM t^ 0^O

00

o^

m «*

OOO I I I m 00 ON

r*. 1^ 1^

w td

PQ PQ < <d

ON 1^ o o

Cdo

CMw

PQ<d

CM CM eg c>J • •

PQ PQ <: < o o

r^ CO <f «* O OI I in 00

On vo C O

CM

CMw

PQ<

(0

4-1 CO TS

(U iH^

CO I—

•H

CO>

COu

<u X4JoEou

<4-(

•c

(U

4-) COB

•HXo

>-l p.OCO

CU • ^ ^^

(U c • c CO /-s CO o u p.

II!O >^

V-^ ^4 CU a j=

>^ 4-1 a u o o CO CJ (U o B

T3 PU •H H hJ 4-1 CO s^ 01 PC B

CO o

U( CO CO O 60 v^

/-s T3

.. <u • 1-1 iH T3 <; 4J (U CO 4J 4.4 CJ O J-l 43 O c o. • O II 0) CO S—' U 60

/-^ tc

<u >» 4-1 -H <H S-i o -o • •H 4J C CO \o «4-< C <u c< (U CO U

CO J<{ <U

0) tio CO CO 4.) : 00 c •H < CO -O

CO •H -o o T3 (U a t3 U

CO >-l <4-< 60 CO

(C <U (U o C

B o P 4-1 •H -H S 60 TS 4-) <u 14-1 a c CO CD 13 o B -H (U Oi O o c U : O V4 o c

<u •H

O >^

iH ^ 14-1 60 "H iH

<U

B

O <U <4-i 4-) 3 3 ^ ^ CO iw (= <U o o • • B w (u :s CO <u II CO CO p

td (U S w CO H CO • r O o fd

12 -SC !S =«= PO CO- :

30
00c

•H

4J

CO

<u

trl

in

CMO c

•H

4-1 to

00

(0

(U o

CO w

0)

<»oI in

01o

COa

(U

(1) w o

in

ONo o

COa

CO

0)<u CO

4-1 C3OO 6C

Ed

PQ<

4-1 CO

(U H!

0)

CJ

COa

CO

COQinCMp

00 C50 CM CM COP

COp

CS CM CO CO p p

CO

COp

CO

COp

00

COp

0^

COp

<JN COp op

p

(U COII CMp

CMp

PC

u

«* o 1-1 CM

w

pa CJ PQ pa < < o cr^

ww

pa CJ PQ < PC <c

r>. CS o

CM 1-1 rH

w

w

PQ pa

vO CM

u pa PC < w U PQ PC <3

1-1 ,-1 in CO

W

pa CJ o

<! PC PC

CTs 00 00

CS

w

pa CJ < PC<r vo

wm

W

pa<3

CSCO

PQ CJ pa

<i3 PC <J

1-1

O 00

r»

O

r^ 00

00 CO o oI I m 00

in 00 o o m

r>«. o

r* 00 o o t I in 00

CT\ 00 O o o00 <r CO o o I I m 00

00 VD O O

r^ a\ o

r^ r^ 00 o in -*

1-1 o o I I I in 00 o^

r~ r~ r^ in 00 os o o o o

00

in in o o I I in 00

ON 1—1 O 1-1

in r^ ON o r^ r^ r>. 00 vD 1^ O CO O O 1-1 o I I I m in 00 ON

r^ t^ r^ r^

-<f so CTn

O

O

OO 1-1

r>- cjN o

r^ 1^ 00 O CO -*

1-1 o o I I I in 00 cjN i^ r^ r^

in r^ r^ O o O o

00

CTi CS vf o o o I I I in 00 ON

r>. r^ r>. CM o o O 1-1 1-1

CS

i-HI in

inO

CS

1-1I CO

r^asO

r^ ON o

r>. r>. 00 O r-^ ^ 1-1 o o t I I m 00 ON

r^ 1^ r-» -* r>. r^ o o o

td

CO

CS

in

CS CM

00

CS

1-1 CO

CSCOCO

CO

PQ<

PQ<

PQ<pa Ed

PQ<PQ< w

PQ<!

00CO

Ed

PQ<!

ON

CO

Ed

PQ

Ow

PQ< W

pa

CS<!

Ed

PQ<d

31
00G

•H

4-1 (0

<u w

<u

cdcu

va

<u

<u CO

4-) Coom

i-i w

W

<:

w

i-l CO CO .-I

es 00

iH

OI I m ^« m 00 o o

vO vO

St -^ O O• •

CO «*

00 o

r-» 00

00 in o o I I t^ On

00 o O rH

00a

•H

4J

CO

(Uo

(0ex

CO

(U<u COII

CO

ONI mmooQH

OO < W ffi

I-l CO «-i CO cs

r^ ON On

r^ r* r>. O 00 i-H

r-l

O i-H I r I IT) r-^ On

r-* r«. t^

CO o o O r-H r-t

60

ti •HU

Cfl (U HI

(U

Pi- co

0)0) COII

CN) ow• H

<: 33 tC rH >d- Ol CO C>) r^ ON ^, "^^ o oI I in r-*

COOoQ• H

<! o

00oI CTn

CSJ

1-1 o CO CO I in

COO

O

00COOI

00

(3

CO<U pa

<u

CJ

(0a

CO

lU

(U COmoH< 33 HI

r-t "JT CO

CO CN

r-^ ON o

r^ r>. 00 o o -*

t-( i-t o I I I m r^ o

p^ 1^ 00

CO 1-1 1-1 o 1-^ o

inOQ

r~* ON

Csl CM

r^

O

r^ 00 O -*

iH

O I I m r^

CO o o •-•

60a

•HU

CO »

(Uu

COex

CO

<u COII H

1-4

O

CO CO

in 1^

CO o o .-I I I m m o

00moI

f-4 CO

O o o >-•

<! 33 tH CO

CO CO I m

COo o

00oI ^

CO

0) W

<uo

COp.

CO

<u COI

CM

iH•

CJ

H

33 <d CM rHCO m r*

CO o O .-4 I I m m

1-1 CO o o

CM

1-1 Q•

en

33c^

r^ 00 O 00

r-l

O I I m r^

CO o O 1-4

33

CvJ COo

00\DOI

CM

i-<• H<

ONo

00

"~^ \ooI 00

60

t3 •H

4J

CO

(U 33

(UO

COa

CO

<u

(U COII vO

1-1 W• H

<!ON

CMr^I m

r^mo

vo

f-i O•

CMCOI m

COo

60

C3 •H

4-t CO<U 33

(U

CJ

COCX CO

(U

(U COII

r>>. r-i O• H CJ

<t! 33 O 00 CO CM

r^

O

r^ 00 O CM

1-1 oI I m r^

*»^^

-* o O t-l

60c

•H

4-> CO

(U 33

(Uo

COa

CO

<u COII ON

1-1

CJ CJ

33 33

O i-i \D

CO CNj

r>. ON o

r^ p- 00 O r^ in

1-1

OO I I I m r^ ON r^ r^ r^ — *->. ~^

«*

O 1-1

O I-t I-l ON

I-l o

(JN

r-l O

h3 hJ H CJ H

<! S3 <: CM o r>» CO 1-4 1-) r^ 00 O

r>. r^ 00

1-1 ON vo

1-4 o O I I I in r^ 00 r^ r^ r^

CO CM ON O I-l o M

PQ ^

CMO

ino ^

CM vO< H

<!

CJN H

32
00

(3 •H

0)

<Uu

(0p.

CO

en

4-1 aoo o

eM

OI >*

CMO

egQ

CM

CO

i-l \o

iH

O I I o

CMP

i-H CMO

00 I m

COO

OOI I r>. 00

e^o M

fi •H

4J

(0

0) »o

n) en

en

CM ^ 33 33 ^ g

-Jf r-4 CO

r-l CO

CO o

CO oCvJ o O

00

in 1^

ON

sr o r>. CM O i-t O r-l I I I I m m r^ ON

r>. r^ ro. rs.

i-t St tH t^ o o <-i o

CM

<!

K

t-4 00

CO 1-4 o>en

yw o vO

23 P^ ON ON

O

r^ r^ r^ 00

*--^ "^^ ""^ ^

i-^ vO CM vD

i-t

O i-tO I I I I m p>. ON ON

r^ r>. r^ (^

CO CM vO CM O i-H o i-t

00C

•H

4J

(0«

<Uu

CO CO

Q)

<U en

CMCMw<O ON CO CM

in r*. o

00

r-t

O vO

r-l i-l

O I I I m m r»« r^ p^ r^

-Jt rH

O

O i-H r-4 CM

CMo

ON

CM

U

O

33 33 O O r-t CM

r>. 00 o

r^ p^ 00 O 00 v£>

i-H o o I I I m p^ 00

p«. r^ p^

in o ON O rH o

00c

•H

*J

vi

<o tao

cdcu

en

(U

<u enI

00

CMwH

-sT o <r

CO CNl

m p^ ON

p^ r^ p^

><r o o O i-t r-l I I I sj- in r^

p* r^ r^

CM -id- o

r-l

O r-l CO

CNJ p

CM .-I CO CO

P«. o

r^ 00

r-l \0

r-l

OI I in p>. p^ r^ CO rH O r-l

00

ti •H

4-> CO

<Uu

(X

en

(U

(1) en

PQ in

CM

r-1

O

CO CO

in p^ o

r^ p>. 00 -* o m O r-l o I I I in in r>. p^ p^ r^

r-l siO O O I-l m

CMP• rJ

<3N CMO

00

inoI in

p^

sl- o

ood

CO

(Uo

toa.

en

(U

(U enII ON

CM• U H C-> 33 <: 33 CM rH CO

r-l CM CM

VD r^ ON

P-. r^ r>-

r-l

O

O

O rH r-l I I I in vo i^

r^ r^ r^

rH rH

O

O

O rH >eno

c:n

CNl P• rJH

<5

ON

CMP• CO- hJ CJ H

33 <J I ON

P^>

en

CM

O rH CM

CM rH rH

P-» 00 ON ON

r^ p^ p^ r^ O 00 ON rH

rH

OO rH I I I I I in p^ 00 CJN ON

r^ p^ r^ r-* r^

CM

O ON ON rH

r-t !-t

O

G r-t

00a

•HM

CO

<u S3

(Uu

COa.

en

(U

(U enII

33CO

O

COw

rH CM CO CO

in

p>. o

00 CO O vO O rH O I 1 I sj- in p^

p-* r^ pCM 00 rH rH O rH o

COp« H< 33 33 rH O

CO 1-t

p-» 00

O

P^ 00 I in

00o

00 VO o oI 00

ONo

00a

•HU

CO

(U 33

(UO

CO en

<u

(U enI MO

3300

00w

k3H

<:O ON

CO CM

in r^

<r o O rH I I in in p^ p^

rH St O O

COP•

00

CMO

00I in

p-» Sto o

00

00oI

00

C3 •H

4-1 CO

(U 33

(Uo

CO en

<D

(U

CfiI! U

33CO

CM00po o

00 00

m

St o O <-t I I m m

*^ »^

rH -* O O

O

00

inoI p>

pq

O PQW

OCM CM

Cn) CM5

CO

CM

m

CM

ON

CMH

<i3

OCOJ

COH

CMCO

33
00 00 60 «) 00 00 60 60 60 60 60 c c fi c fi c a c CJ C ti •H •H •H •H •H •H •H •H •H •H •H

*J 4-1 4-) 4-) <u 4J 4-) 4J 4J 4-t 4-1 rt CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO

Q> (U 0) (U (U OJ <u <U (U (U (U X Cd w a s » w » EC Ed w

<u (U (1) (U

v (U <U 0) 0) (U (U o CJ o o u o o o o o o

CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO a <x a (X a a o. o. p. a Q. CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO

<u <u (U <u <u

u

V 0) a; <u (U

(U QJ (U (U (U 0) 0) (U (U (U (U CO1 COI CO1 CO1 CO1 CO COI CO1 CO1 CO1 CO1 ^ 1 1 1 1 m PQ 1 PQ 1 PQ ^ 1 PQ ^

4-1 oo O

P3o>mo

COoI in

ino oo O 33

EC CJ CO CV) CM m o OI r^

CMO

OI m o

ECO

vOO

00^OI mO

CMOQ

CJ

Ed CJ en vo moI

CM

O

00moI m

r^<!o

CJ

pao

vOo

00oI mo

COoo

CJ

aa CJso

CO

m

1^

CO -d- o oI I «d- m

r^ CO o o O

Edc^mo

00oI m

ino oQ

CJ

CJ CO 00

i-t CM m o

r«. 00

<jr CO o oI I CO m

CM si- o o

CJ

ECOvOO

00oI m—O

00o•

(J

n CJ

EC CJ pd m vo i-t CO m

p^oI O

O

00 00 CO St o oI I tn o

r<. 00

ECOsoO

00

sfOI m

r^

sro

ONo• O S CJ

EC CJ EC iH O CO m r^ O

00 o sr CO

i-i o o

cs -* CO o o o I I I St m ON

1^ r^ p^

CM CM i-l

i-l o o

CJ

Bdo

NOo

00—StoI m

r^Sto

vo

I-l Qi

CJCOCOo00

sroI m—COo

CJ

P3o

vOO

00

»-^ sroI mo

00

EC

O

CJ EC O r-t O O

00 00

COoI m

StO

OI o

00

COo

CJ

PdoNOo

00oI m

•4- O

ON

1-1 a•

CJ S CJ

Pdu ffi

m I-) r-< CO moo r>. 00 00

CO CO St o o o I I I St m o

r>. r^ 00 O CO CO

t-4 o o

paCO

NOo

00StOI m

1^o

CMooCOo

00

CMOI m

r^

COo

paCMNOO

00srom

CMo•

CJ

w

EC

U

St r^St m

CO CM O OI I St m

r^ p>. CM CO

rH

O

CJ

P3ONOO

00

StOI m

r-* StO

CM

CMO

U PB

pa o

in

m

CO

m o

r>> 00

CM CO o oI I ^ in

r>- rs.

*>N.

—ON CM O O

PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ

CJ

CMO

CJ

COO

CJ

ino

CJ

00oo

ONoo

NO 00

I-l ON

CJ o

CM

CJ

CMo

CM

CM

CJ

34
in

00

(0

0) 03

0)o

(0 CO

(U<u COI «oX

CMvOO

00oI m

1^

CO

CMa

a>o

00

COoI 1^

ego

60

(U PC

OJo

(d CO

<u

0) COI o

soO

00^^oI ino

siCvJ•

33 CJ

<r

m o

r>* 00

~>^ "~^ «* en o oI I sf m

00 -4- o o

60c

(0

(U Xu

(dfu

CO

(U

(U COI

S3O

vOO

00oI ino m

Cvl a

onmoo r^ 00 00

CM en

m o o o I I «* in

00C

•H

4J

S3

<Uo

COa

CO

<u COI u

33OCOO

00oI o I o

00

CM CO O O

CMQ

U 33 33 CJ

CM in o

r-* 00

CO CO o oI I CO in "^ — O CO

i-H

O

00

n)

(U 33

<U

CJ

cd CO

<u CO

CJ CJ W 33 vO O

CM COO

00 SO i-H O OI I in r^

si- r>. o o

00

CM

O 33

33 CJ o in

1-4 CO

in o

r^ 00 -^ 

CM CO O OI I CO m

c^ CM o o

00c

•HU

Cd

cu 33

<UU

cd CO

(U

(U COI PQo

33O

soO

00oI mp>.

>d- o

CO

COo

CO

CO

33 CJ 3! CJ 33 CJ CO CO "^t CO 1-1 O in 00

00 r^ r^

CO CM .-H O O T-( I I I <r sr in r^ r^ r^

r» CM CM O O O

00

C3 •H

4-> Cd

cu 33

CUo

cd CO

cu

cu COI pq

CJ

33O

vOO

00

•<t OI mp>. o

a\

COQ•

tj

B

33 CJ CO «*

si- in o

r^ 00

CO CM O OI I m m

1-4 CO O o

ooc

•H

4J

Cd

(U 33

(Uo

cda

CO

CU

cu COI PQo u

S3 S3

r-«- 00

CM CM r^ ON

^«^ "^ O r-l I m r-»

"J- r-^ o o

CMo•

CJ S

33U

.-<

O

CO

m o

r^ 00

CM CO o oI I m m

.-I CM o o

00

(3 •H

4J

Cd

(U 33

(Uo

cdex

CO

cu

cu COm

CJ

S3o

soO00

•<r oI ino •

CJ S

33 CJ CO >*CO

in o r^ 00

CM CM o oI I «d- m O CM

.-I o

60c

•Hu

cd

cu 33

cuo

cda.

CO

cu

cu CO

CJo

\0o

00oI in

r-. sfo

60

C3 •H

Cd

cu S3

(Uo

cdcu

CO

<u

cu COI

CJ

33OsoO

00^^oI in

r^-*o

CTi

CJ

33 CJsf

CMO

00

CO

m o o t I -* in r^ p>. O CO

r-l

O

60 60

C3 C3 •H •H

•U 4-1 Cd Cd

CU cu 33 S3

(U (U

CJ CJ Cd cd a. a

CO CO

(U (U

<u cu CO CO

COoQ

33CJ

-<r

Cvl

cy\ oI int^

CTi o oo

33CJ

-<t CM

r^

CTi Om

r^ONO

pa PQ PQ PC5 Ui

M PQ PQ

W PQ

CO

CM CM

m

eg CM 00CM CO

CO

C3N CO

CM -*

»* >* ON COo o g CJ o 3

CJ CJ CJ So CJ CJ

M

33CJ

M

33CJ

35
reCM

CMO

00oI m

r^

00O

4Joow

PQ<

6CC

•HU

CO

0)

ix:

01o

n)a

en

OJ0) CO

aX

in r^

r-^ 00

CM vO

r-t

C I I \C 00

r<« CO c c moQ

orc

CO

(1)

<uo

CO0- w

a;

0) enII

<f LP,

\D

C

P^ CO '— ^^

1—1 so

.-I

OI I in 00

rx r-l O r-l o c C

CO

OJ PC

(Uo

COaw

<u

01 too

COc

00sooI in

p»o

00co

CO

0)o

COaw

0)

0) enII

enO

00vOOI

ONoo

6CcU

CO

0) !£

0)y

COaw

0)

01 en

CO

n:

0)o

COa

en

q;

a> enII

vO

cnO

00vOOI in

r^o c

•H

4-1 CO

0) X

<uu

COa

en

0)

(U enII

CJ

eno

00oI m

00o

CM

1—1

60C

•H

4-1 CO

(U as

0)o

CO en c

•H

4J

CO

0) X

0)o

COa

en

0) 0) 0) 0) en enII < o 1-1 CM

r- o

r- 00 o \o

1-1 o I I in 00

r-» 1^

r>» 00 o o

60 60 60 60 60 C C C C c

•H •H •H •H •H

4-1 4-1 4-1 4J 4-1 CO CO CO CO CO

0) (U 0) OJ

V

X PCm PC

X

di 0) q; cu 0) o o o o o

CO CO CO CO CO a a a a o. en en en en en

0) 01 QJ 0) 0)

a; (U (U (U 0) en11

en1 cn11en11

cn1

cna

CJ

PCcn

cnO

00vOoI in

r-^ r^o

in

f-i O o

PC

cno

00oI m

r^

r^o

CJ

PC00

cncoI m

1^

vno

CJ

PC00cno

00\DCI ino

00

1—1 o

CJX

vO

cno

00

\DOI ino

ON

i-H

60 6C

(C

C

•H •H

4J 4J

CO CO

(U <D PC X

a; 0)

tj o

CO CO a P. en en

OJ 0)

(U 0) CO cn O CM

CM CM

Xo

inmO

00oI m

o\o M

M

PC

X

CJ CJ C^ r-l CM cn

r>.

O

r>. 00 "^ "

00m o o I I in r»>

a> o O 1-1

PCCJCM

inO

00inoI in

PCCJCM

inO

00moI vO

1-1 o M

PCCJ

CMP^

P»'—

oI in

r». a\o

PCCJinmO

00

inOI m

r-« Ono M

PCCJ

ino

00

inOI mp». 0^o M

PCo

CM

o>OI in

ONo

PCCJ

r»

inO

00

inoI in

p^

0^O

PCCJ

•<! ino

00

inOI inr^

r-O

in

inO

00inoI m

r^

00o

PCCJo

00moI m

p»

00o o

inO

00inoI in

ONo

PC CJ U PC

r>» in

in .d- vo o p~- 00

in in o o I I in \£> O 00

1-1

O

CMr»

p-» asoI inr^OnO

PCCJ

CM

P-. OvoI mp-» a>o mo o

00o

OSc o1—1

1-1 1—1 CM

1-1 cn

1-1 1—1 in

1—1 1—1

p~-

1-1 00

f-l ONI—

o

CM

CM

CM

M

PC

CJ

1—

PCa

MX

CJ

M

M

M

M

PCCJ

H

PCU

1—

PCo M

PC

MX

CJ

M

PCCJ

H

PCCJ

MX

CJ

M

PCo HX

CJ

36
in

PQ<!

CO• MU

fO

cs

r>.

0^OI in

00oM W) C c

•H •H

4J 4J

CO rt

(U o; EC W

(U <D o o

CO ca 0. a- en CO

(U (U

q; 0) CO11

en11 uW

00eno

00voo

in

r>. r^o

<f <}

es CM O O

On CO

i-l CO

r>. o

t^ 00

sr

m

O o I I m r^ ^» —.

Cn 00 O O

C

•H

J-l (0

(U sc

(Uo

o. CO

(U

(U COII

00

eno

00

sooI m

r>

ino

in

CMO

ECCJinino

00mOI inO

•H

4-1 CO

(U EC

(U

CJ

COCu

CO

<u CO

CMo

00c

•H

4-1 CO

(U EC

CUO

COa

CO

(U

0) COII

ECeneno

00

vooI inO

ONo

60c

•H

4-1 CO

(U

<DO

COa

CO

(U

(U COo o

en fo

M 60 C c

•H •H

4-1 4J

CO CO 0) (U EC EC

(U Q)

CJ CJ

to CO a a

CO CO

<u <u

0) 0) CO11

CO11

en o

EdvO

enO

00OI in

r^

00o

CM ev] en en O Qen

enO

60 60 c c

•H •H

4J 4J

CO CO

(U 0) EC EC

(U (U

CJ CJ

CO CO a a

CO CO

0) 01

0) <u CO CO

60 •H

4J

CO

(U EC

(U

CJ

COa.

CO

CD

01 CO

en en

inen

60

CO

(U EC

o;o

COp. CO

0)

(U COII

ECvD

enO

00vOoI in

r^1^o

r>. enO

60c

•H

4-J CO

(U EC

<uo

CO CO

<uV

COI1

C-J EC

eno

00vDOI m

r>. 00o

00

enO

33CJ<f

CM

<JN OI inO

ECU

ino

00

inoI <r

CM

PCCJ

gg

in 00

CM

in 00

vo in o oI I <f in

.-I o

en

00

r-. OI <r

EC EC CJ CJ CM -*

in

in o

r-^ 00

r-{ in o o I I «;r m

r>. r-

<-< 00

i-i o M

ECCJ

00

inoI

CM

EC EC CJ u

CM

in 00 OI

ONO

OI

ECCJ

00oI

ONo

ECCJ

v£) vDO

00moI in

ECCJCOo

00

«^oI

eM

60d

•H

4-1 CO

<u EC

0)o

COp. CO

d) CO

cr\ eno

CJc

00

inoI

eM

CJ

EC CJ

EC00

O

00 o00

O

O 1 en

CMIII60C

CO

0) PC

(Uo

COa

CO

(U

0) COII

CJ

EC00

r>. O

00

vOoI en oo

CJ CO CJ

EC

U EC 00 00 CM

rH en CM

in 00

\D CO \o o o o

en

m 00

t^ r^ r<. CM vO 00

iH

OO

CMIII60d

CO

0) EC

(Uu

COa

CO

0)

(U CO

CJ

EC00o

00VDOI en

inOQ

EC

vO ON vO O O O t t I on in 00

r^ r^ r^

en

CM CM

in

<M CM

<TN CM o

en en

CMenen

en en

m

en

1^

en

00

en

0^en

I-l o

ino M

ECCJ

M

ECO

M

EC

CJ

M

ECCJ

M

ECCJ CJ

I-l g

Mg

M

EC

CJ

H

ECCJ

M

EC

CJ

H

EC

CJ

g

M

CJ

CO COCJ

37
O

u o u o o u CJ

u

ffi 33 EC 33 33

w 33 33 pa r^ .-I ON 00 <y\ St vO r^ m

r>. vO

m r^ vO r>. r^ r^ NO o O o o o o o O o

00 00 <» 00 00 00 00 00 CO

\£i vO

m \D v£> vD vO vO \o o1 O1 o1 O1 O1 O1 O1 o1 o1 1 1 in 1 1 CO 1 >* 1 CO 1 CO 1 CO 1 r^ •

r^ r^ r^ p«. r>. r>« r»

CMm CO CNl a\ CM eg CM i-H

-—11 o1 o1

1—1t O1

I-l1i-H1

fH o 100 1160 1100 1bO 1100 I100 1 1100 11t>0 13 c c C C c G c C3 •H •H •H •H •H •H •H •H •H

•y 4-1 4-1 4J 4-* 4J 4J 4J 4J

CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO

(U 0) 0) (U (U 0) <U (U <u in X pa 33 33 w 33 pa pa

0) (U (U <U <U (U 0) (U 0) o o o o O o O o o

CO CO CO CO CO CO « CO CO (X a cx a O- Cb (X a a

C/2w

ww CO CO CO CO CO

(U (U 0) 0) (U 0) (U (1) OJ

(U (U 0) (U (U <u (U OJ (U 11 11

COj 11CO11CO1CO1CO11CO11 • 1 1 1 1 O 1

i-H 1 1 sr 1 1 d i-l i-l 1—1 o w w w o •

p-( •

PL, • u u o u CO U o CO u u CJ CO o o CJ

in

1—

K

M 133 ffi

u

X 33

u

X 33 33 o 33 33 33

vr> 1-1 a> 00 r^ CO cn r^ CO vO in as CM P^

m

W r^ v£>

m 1—1 CO CM CO Cv) r^ 1—1 CO CM r>. vO

kJ

P3 o O o in 00O in 00 o o in 00

O

O o < 00 00 00 r^ r>. 00 r^ p^ 00 00 r^ r>. 00 00 (» H —

"«^ '

—

~^ '^-. ~~, ^^

— ^-^ ••

vO v£)

m vO r^ vO \o r^ vO v£) in 00 v£) vO vO

O1 o1 o O1 O1 O1 o1 O1 O1 O o1 o1 O1 O1 O1 1 m m 1 CO 1 in 1 CO 1 1 in 1 00 CO 1 CO 1 in 1 00 1 CO 1 in

r^ r^ 1^ r~- r^ r^ r^ r>» r^ r>. r^ r«. r^ r^ r>. CM in CO CM \£> r^ CJN -£> r^ CM Cvl m 00 CM I-l

.-1 oO o OQ• Ph o

00oo

1-1

OO1-1 Q

Oh

O o O

I-l t-l Q• 0-,

O 1—1 CO

T-l O

P^

I-l

O

I-l Q

pl o t-l

I-l Q o o

CMo• Ph

O COO CJ cn o u

w

U o COUu iXiu CJ CO CJ CJ CO CJ CJ CO CJ CJ CO CJ

ix:u ffi

Xu ffi ffiu

X

X

U

X 33

a 33 33a 33 33 o 33

X

u 33 33 fj> 33 00 o 1—

1—1 r^

n COm 1—1 CO r^ CO c^ r^ CO r-~ 00 1—1 in ON CM r^ 00 CM

m r^ CO

1—1 en CN] fO cs 0") CM 1—1 CO CM CO CM 1—1 CO CN 1—1 CO CM I—

CO CM CO CM

lO 00 o m 00 o m 00 o in 00 o in 00 o in 00

O in 00 o in 00 o in 00 o

r^ r^ 00 r^ r^ 00 r^ r^ 00 r^ r^ 00 r>. r^ 00 r^ r>- 00 r^ r^ 00 r^ r^ 00 r^ r>. 00 vO r>. o v£> r^ ^o ^ 00 in vO r^ o VsO r^ vO vO 00 in CO vO o 00 vO \0 r-* vO o1 O1 o1 O1 O1 o1 o1 o1 o1 o1 OI oI O1 O1 O1 o1 O1 O1 O1 O1 Ot O1 O o1 O O 1 1 o1 1 CO 1 in 1 00 1 m 1 in 1 00 1 in 1 m 1 00 1 CO 1 in 1 00 1 1 in 1 00 1 CO 1 in 1 CO 1 CO 1 m 1 00 1 in 1 00 1 1 in m 1 00

r^ r^ r^ r^ r^ r^ r^ r^ r^ r^ r-. r«. r^ r^ r^ r-<. r^ r^ r* r^ r^ r^ r~. r^ r>. r^ r^

CM \D r^ in ^ r^

m VD 00 CN vO r^ c^ vO r-^ CM vO 00 CM in 00 Cvl \0 00 r-l vO r«^

1-H

O o O o O o O o 1—

o o o o o 1—1O o 1—1O o 1—1 o o o o o o O

00o o1—1

1-1

1—1 CO

I-l t-4 1—1 o

CM

PLI CO COo

CO

CJ

COCJ

Pli COCJ

COCJ

PuCOCJ

PL. COCJ

COCJ

38
»mo

00sooI CO

CM

OX

r^

r>. O

00

vOOI tn

r^ o

00

r>. O

00vOoI CO

p>. CM

O

00

^£> OI CO

r^

CM

mO

00

vooI COrCM

re00

vOo

00

soOI -d- o X

00

r^O

00

vOoI CO

CM

X

00O

00

NOoI COp^

CM

X

00o

00oI CO

p^CM

4JGou III

CO

0) pau

COa

CO

0)

a> COII CO

CMM• O CO

u

as cj

K

-* ON cs

.-I CO CM m 00 o

p^ r^ 00 m 00 vo o o o I I t CO m 00

p^ r^ p^

CN| in 00

r-»

OO

CO

CMo• O CO CJ

EC

O PC

«d- ON CM

r-l CO CM in 00 o

p^ p* 00

^«^ »«^

—

m 00 \o o o o I I I CO m 00

p^ p^ p^

CM in 00

r-l

O

O III00

c: •HU

CO

(U X

(Uu

COa

CO

0)

0) COII

33O

00

vOoI CO

p^

CM

CMQ• O CO X o

r~» vO CM

i-l CO CM

in 00

O

P-* r^ 00

vO 00 v£> o o o I I I CO in 00

p^ p>. r>« CM vO 00

-I o o

00

C! •HU

CO

(U X

(Uo

COa

CO

(U

(U COII X

00o

00sooI CO

r-* CM

CMo

PL.

O CO

u S U 33 00 00 CM ^ CO CM

in 00

r^ p>. vO 00 vO o o o I I I CO in 00 p^ p~. r~

CM vO 00 .-too III00

(3 •HU

CO

<D X

(U

CJ

CO(X

CO

<u CO

pa

p>. o

00vOo

CO

CM

00

CMQ• u CO «j> PS o pa P^ On r-l

.-I CO CM

in 00 o

r^ r^ 00

vO CTn sD O O O I I I CO in 00 p^ t^ p>* CM sD ON

rH

O

O I00c

•HU

CO

(U pa

<uu

COa.

CO

<u COII

COw

U CO

pa CJ

si- 00 CO

i-H CO CM m 00 o

P-* r^ 00

in p^ vo o o o I I I CO in 00

P-o p>. p^

CM in p-« rH O O

COO• Pm CJ CO

a

K

O

K

>* 00 CO

I-l CO CM

in 00

in r^ O OI I CO in 00

r^ p^ p^

SOoI

00

ta •H

4J

CO

0) pa

0)

CJ

COa

CO

0)

0) COII u

pa00

vOO

00

vOOI <r

p>. o

COo

pL, CJ CO CJ

pa o PC

r-l

O On

.-I CO rH

in 00 o

P^ P^ 00

CM in p^

r-l o o moI p^

vl- O

P^ sO o o I I in 00

p^ p^

in r^ o o III00d

CO0) pa

0)o

CO

CI. CO

0)(U COII u

PC00

p^o00

sooI CO

p^

CM

COo

CJ CO CJ

pa CJ

K

00 <P CO CO CM

in 00 o

p^ r-« 00 vO r^ vO o o o I t I CO in 00

r^ p>~ p^

CM vO P^

f-i o o II00c

•HU

CO

(U PC

0)o

COa.

CO

0)

(U COII

04 CJ CO CJ

PC

u pa P^ 00 CO

1-1 CO CM in 00 o

r>~ p>. 00 m p^ o oI I CO in 00

p>» p^ p^

sooI

CM in

r-l

O

04 CJ CO

u

PC CJ pa

P-^ 00 CO

r-l CO CM

in 00 o

P^ P-« 00 m r>. so O o o I I I CO m 00

r-^ r>. p^

CM in p>.

r-l o o II00c

•HU

CO

(U pao

COa.

CO

(U

0) COII u

PC00

p^o

00

vOoI COp^

CM

CO

04 CJ CO CJ

pa CJ pa 00 00 CM

r-l CO CM m 00 O

P^ P^ 00

vO 00 so o o o I I I CO in 00

p^ p>* p^

CM so 00

r-l

O

O

CO

CM CM soCM 00

CM CO CO

p^COrH CO

04COo

CO

CJ

04CO04CO

CJ

04

COCJ

PmCO

CJ

04CO

CJ

04COCJ

04CO

CJ

39
!Z! 00o

00NOoI nIIc

•H

4J

(du

cda. CO

Q)V

COI

ino

COoI mIII00coa

CO

(U

(U COII

in00

vOO

00NOoI -it r^

r^oIII00c

•H

4-1 CO

0) paoa

CO

<u

0) COII

CJo00

NOoI ir> r^

COoIII00c

•HM

CO

0)

!xio

OSPu

CO

<u COII

CMO

00

eno

cvjIoo X

(Uo«

CO

0)

(U COII

00o

00oI m

1^

--^ fOo ^ as

CM

f-i CM o

00

O

00 o1 o1 1 ir» 1

CJ

s:CO

vOo

00

NOoI in

PC

CMo

00

COoI inIII00c

•HU

CO(U P3

(Uo

COa.

CO

<u

(U COII

pa

CMO

00moI m

r«. CMoo

pa

NOo

00

vOoI m

paoCMO

00

vOOI

--» CMIiI00c

•Hu

COQ) pa

(UCJ

COo.

CO

<u COII m

CJX

00o

00NOoI CO

U CO

pa cj NO m CO

CM CM NO 00 o

r- r-«. 00

vo r^ NO o o o t I I m NO 00

r>« r>» r^

paoo

00

vOoI o

paCO

NOo00

NOoI ir\ o

pa

NOo

00

NOoI in

pa

NOo

00

NOom

CJ

pa

NOo

00

NOoI m

CJ

pa<t

vDO

00NOOI in o

P3

si- 00—.

aso

in

U

33-^

NOo

00

NOoI m

paSt

NOo

00

NOoI m

CM

St

Sta• Pm

CO cj

CJ P3 r^ r^ CO

1-1 CO CM

CM NO r^

—I

O

O

St

NO

m CO

CM CM o

<3N StQ• Pm

O COU

pa cj pa O 00 CM

1-t CO CM

CMO

CMOQ• U ^ O

pa fe pa Ol NO sf

CM CM CO

moQ

CJ ^ CJ

pa fe P3

CTs r^ CO

CM CM CO

NOo X fe NO 00

r-l CM oo

ON

CM

CJ ^

pa Pn

-4- CO

.-t CM

COQ• o " u

pa P4 pa ON r-» CO

CM CM CO

m

I-l Q

X (^ m St

1-H CM

1-t Q

m cx> o

i->. r- 00 m r^ NO o o o I I I CO in 00 r^ r^ r^

CM in r-»

1-1

O o

NO 00 o

r-» (^ 00 NO r^ NO o o o I t I in NO 00

r-. r^ r^

CM NO r-« iH O O

in cx) o

r>. r^ 00

inoI St-^O

r^ NO o o I I m 00

in r>« o o m r^ o

r- r««. 00

nO 00 vO o o o I I I CO in r». r^ r^ r^

1-1 NO 00 o o o

in r^ o

h^ r>. 00

nO ON nO O O O I I I CO m r>. r^ rv r^

r-< vO ON o o o m o

r>» 00

ON CM o oI I CO m

1—1 ON o o o

00oI CO

in o

r-^ 00

ON >* o o t I CO in

r-t ON o o m r*.

NO ON NO o o o I I I CO in r^

r^ r» r^

1—I

vO ON o o o m o

r>. 00 O CO

r-*

OI I CO m

1-t o O 1-1

m r^

St

St

ON

St

CMOinoNOO

COu

PLI CO

CJ

CO

CJ P>4 PC4 Pm

b

COb

m

r-l

PK4 ^^

40
o

00

COoI

CSJIII00c

4J

nJV

0)o

COa. w

(U

0) w c

00moI ON

PCo

00

COoI in

.-H

Oo

vOO

00vOO

in o

CM

CMo

00VDO

CMIII

CO

0) in

<uo

COaw

(U

(U wII

EC00o

00oI in

CMO

00o

00vOoI

CvlII

CO m

(Uo

COaw

0)(U COII

00o

00sooI in

COo

toG

•H

4J

CO

(U w

(UU

COa

CO

0)

(U CO o

pa

CMo

00moI in

COo

Csl o

00

inOI m

r^

CMoII00c

•H

4-1 CO

(U X

d)

CJ

COP- CO

(U(U COII

CVJ CMo

00vOOI r^

CMIIIooc

•H

tJ

CO

(U tc

<uu

COex

CO

<u CO

bOc

•H

4J

CO

(U

a;o

COa

CO

<u CO

4Jaou

O

EC

soO

00NOoI m

X

vi- voO

00soOI in

CJX

soO

00sooI in

X

soO

00soO

in

X

St

soO

00soO

in

CJX

sr

soo

00sooI m

CJ

EC

•4- soO

00soOI m

CJ

ECsr

soo

00soo

in

CJ

EC

•<f soO

00

soOI in

CJ

EC

si- vOO

00vDOI in

"^

a

XX

ON SO

CM CM

r-> o

r-^ 00 —. —ON in o o I I in 00

si- .-I O O

CMCMO•

CJ ^ CJ

EC fe EC 0^ 1^ CO

CM CM CO m r-~ o

r^ 1^ 00 so ON so o o o I I I CO m r>. r-» r- r^

1-1 so ON o o o

CO

CMoi

CMo

00

sooI CO

r^ONo

in

CMoi

o^CMO

00OI CO

so

CMo

CJ <

EC Pt< ON r^ CO

CM CM CO

in i->. o

r-. r^ 00

so On sO O O O I I I CO in i^

i^ 1^ r«.

i-< so ON o o o

CMO

ONo

00ONoI sro o

COQ•

CJ " CJ X (^ X

ON r^ CM CM CM CO

in r~»

so ON in o o o I I I CO in r>.

r>» r^ r^

1-1 vO On O O O

CMCOo. CJ

fe

X

m ^ in COO

00 00 so o oI I CO r^

i-l 00 o o

COQ ^ CJ <

CM

CMO

00COoI m

CM

in

COO

u < CJ

EC fe EC CO 1-1 CM sr CM

in 00 o

r^ r^ 00

CO 00 so o o o I I I in in 00

r^ r>« r-.

1-1 CO 00 o o o

CJ

ECCO

so

COpi

PIH CJ

ECCM

CM in 00 o

r>. r^ 00

CO 00 so o o o I I I m in 00

r^ r>. r^

1-1 CO 00 O o o o o

CO CJ CO S EC S

ON

CM

1^*^

00oI in

00oI

CO 00 o o

CMCMO

00 *^

inoI 00h*

r>. o

CM

CM COCNj inCM so

CM CM oCO

CMCOsi- CO

in

CO soCO

1-1 o i^ §

fe ^

fe fa fa fa fa fa 1fa

faCO

41
w

HICO o

pel tri as NO o

00 o

00 o00 o00 o

00 o00 oI 00

inoI 00

inoI 00

inoI 00

vDOI 00

OI 00

00oIII60c

•H

4J

tC

(U

(Uoaw

<u

0) wII

00

•H

•M

CO

QJO

CO w

(U

(1) wII

inOIII60c

•H

4J

CO

Q)

(Uo

COaw

(U

<u

vDO

vDOo U CO

PC s

CO CM

es t-i 00 c

I^ 00

vo in o o I I vO C3> I— in o C

U

u

X

X

fO

CO <-* .—I o\

r- I "~^ i-i 00 o o ^«.

mOII60C

•H

iJ

CO

(U X

0)o

COa

CO

01<u COII

vOOIII60C

(0

<u X

<uo

COa

CO

QJ

<U COII moIII60a

•H

4J

CO0> SB

0)O

cda

CO

Q)

0) COII coo

Pd

PQ< ow• CO- P-i </> CJ CO U CJ> CJ

pH ^ PI3 PC PC r^ 1^ CO CO cvj

r^ r^ i^ ON o !«>. r^ t^ r^ 00

CM a^ CM .—I vO o o .-H o o I I I I I \D r^ r^ t^ o^

r^ i>^ r^ r^ r^

co^ X

X

as CN

CM CM

t^ o

r^ 00 o^ in o o I I in r-~ ow• CO- a< u CO

u cj) PC ^ ac ^z o r^ CO CM

t^ t^ OS o

r^ r^ 1^ 00

f-H 00 o o I I

I—I

in o o I I r^ ON

a

u

PC PC CO CM

CM r-l 00 O

r^ 00

vO in O o I I vO 0^

PC PC CO CO

00 <-* o o I I

CO

r-l W• CO- Pj CO- U CO O CJ

O

PC S PC PC PC 00 vO «* CM CM

r^ t^ 00 c^ o

r^ r~- r^ r^ 00 CO OS i-l i-l v£) O O O O O I I I I I vO 1^ I—^ 00 0^

r^ 1^ r^ r>. r>>

O

CM

CO- Pli CJ W CJ CJ

PC s PC PC r^ r^ CO CM

t^ r«» OS

O 1^ r>. ro 00

CM On i-l vO o o o o I I I I vo i^ r> OS

r«.. r>. r-» r*

CO CJ CJ S re PC r^ CO CO

r^ 00C 1^ r^ 00

00 CMm o i-i o I I I r-» r^ OS

p^ r- r^

O CM OS CM vO O O O .-I O

O

CM vD I-I CMm

O

O rHO

1^ in o c oCM vO CO OS I—' >>0 O O O O O\0 CM CM \0 O O r-l O

I-I CM

m

O I-I o

CMoo

CMooCOOo

COosi- oosi- oo oo

00oQ

CO

I-I o

I-I o o

CMo oCMQ

CMOCMo

CO- Pli -co- Ph

C_5 COU CJ CO

PC ^ PC PC ^

r^ r^ CO CO CM

PM P^ CO cj CO S PC S

CM

CMCM

CO- ^ P-i CJ CO CJ CO

PC S PC s

\0 r^ CO CM

CO

CO

CO CJ S PC in r^

CO- P-i CO- pLi CJ CO u U CO

PC S PC PC s

r»» r^ «* CM r^

CO- P-I p^ cj CO cj CO

PC S PC S

r^ r-* CO 00

pH Pm CO CJ CO S PC S

r-* CO CM

r^ t^ t^ OS o

r^ p~. r>. t^ 00

r^ 00 r^ r- OS o

1^ r^ r^ 00

CO t^ r^ 00 OSO

r^ r^ r>~ r^ CX3

r>» r~>. o> o

r^ r~ r-~ 00

r^ 00O

t>~ r^ 00

CM cys CM O O I-I I I I vD r^ r>.

r-^ r^ i^

I—I

vO o oI I r-^ OSCTs t^ o o I I in t^

I-I 00 I-I O o o I I I \o i^ rr>. r^ r>~

CMoI in

sfoI inCM OS I-I I-I \o o o o o o I I I I I vD r*- t~^ 00 OS

r^ (^ r^ r^ 1^

CM OS I-I v£> O O O O I I I I v^ r>» r^ OS

r^ p>. r>. r>»

00 CMm

O I-I o I I I r^ i-N. OS

r-^ r^ r^

vD CM OS CM vD O O O I-I O

<r OS O O

v£J I—I CM

m

O

O r-l

O

Si- O

StO

v£i CM OS i-< vr> o o o o o

v£) CM CM vO O O r-l OI-I CM in O I-I o

CMo

Pli CO

COo

PmCO

sro

PhCO

v£> O

PmCO

00o

PhCO

CO

a,CO o

CM

PhCO

CM

CO

42
o

M as00

4Jo

om

60a

•H

4J

CO

0)

(Uo

(X

CO

(U

(U M

I

I

o o

w a

csi tn

r^ o

r» 00 ^ — ON m

o o

I I in i-x O r-l

Q

COo

c

•Hu

cd

(U

<uo

(da. CO

(U

(U CO

I

I

•co- u o u

pti Sd S

ON CO fO

CM 1-^ t-l r^ ON o

r^ r>^ 00

0^ 1-1 in o o o

I I I in r>. ON

r>« r^ r^

•vf CM sr O r-( O

in in

<N CNl o o

o

00~^m

o

I 00

ino

I

I

I00c

cd0) W

0)o

<d CO

(U

(U CO

I

I so

CM

•

•CO- Ph CJ CO CJ CJ

EC S EC ;£ >^ f»- CO CO

1^ r^ 00 o

r^ r>. r-* 00

CM ON cs vO O O r-l O

I I I I vo r^ r^ ON

r^ r-~ r^ r>. r^ CM 1-1 vo O O i-t o

o

00m

o

I 00m

O

EC K

i-l CM CO 1-1 ON O

r^ 00

i-t in o o

I I VO <JN

vo vo o o

i-< CM CO 1-t ON O

r^ 00

i-t in o o

I I vO ON

so vO o o

vO

CMQ

so

CMQCMQ

00c

•H

4-1 rt

o

a.

CO

<u

(U CO

I

I

CO- CJ CJ u

ffi ffi s

00 CO CO

CM t-l 1-4 1^

ONo

I m

o

00

ino

I ON

>* CNj in O 1-1 o

00 00

Csl CM O Q

(30 •HU

cd

o

(dp<

CO

(U

(U CO

I

I

<o- CJ CJ CJ S S Pd ON CO CO

CM 1-1 1-1

r>* ON

OS 1-4 o o

I I in r^ —. ~^

-* CM O r-i

O

00

ino

I ON

<to

COOCOQ

60

•H

4-1 cd

0) PC

<u

«dcm

CO

<u

0) CO

I

I

co- O O C-) S EC PC ON CO CO

CM f-4 1-4 P^ ON O

p^ r->. 00

ON 1-1 in o o o

I I I in r>. ON

r^ r-x r^

-* Cvj -* O 1-1 o

CO

COo

COCOO

60

cd<u P3

<Uo

(daCO

(U

<u CO

I

I

U U CJ

ffi PC PC ON CO CO

CM 1-1 1-t r^ CJN o

r^ r^ 00

<^ 1-4 in o o o

t I I in r^ OS

r^ r^ r» <r CM 'd- O r-l o

COO

COQ

O

00

soO

I 00

soo

60a

•H

4J

Cd

(U EC

0)o

Cda

CO

<u CO

I

I so

COw• U CO CJ CJ o

EC S PC EC Ed 1^ t^ -<r CO CO

r^ r^ 00 ON o

r^ r>> r^ r^ 00

CM ON 1-1 r-l in o o o o o

I I I I I so r^ r->. 00 CJN

i-N. r^ r^ r^ r^ r^ CM ON r-l ^

o o o o o

COo

so

COo

CO CJ CO S Pd S

CO r^ OS

PM Pm CO u CO s pa s

ON 00 CM

<0- pL| Pm o CO CJ CO

Pd S EC S

so r>» CO o

CO o

S Pd CO 00

PM PM CO CJ CO S EC S

so 1-1 in

PM P^ CO CJ CO S Pd S

in 00 CM

Pn PM CO CJ CO

:s EC s

ON O so

PM PLI CO CJ CO

2: Pd a

CO O r-l

•CO- Pli -co- o CO CJ CJ

P3 s pd Ed r^ r^ sj- CO CM

r^ 00 o

r^ r^ 00

00 00 in 000 I I I m r^ 00

r^ 1^ r^

<r 00 00 000

ONo

I m

r^sTO

00 O

r>~ 00

1^ in o o

t I r^ 00

r^ 1^ OS r^ o O

r>* r-* 00 O

r^ r^ r>^ 00

CM ON CM so o o .-I o

I I I I sO r- h^ ON

r«» r^ r«~ 1^

r~. CM 1-1 so O O 1-1 o

r^ 00

»* in O O

in r>. O •^

r-l O

00O

I in

<ro

00

r^o

I

00O

ino

00

ONO

I in

00 O

r>. 00

r^ m

O o

I I r^ 00

00O

I in

00 o

r^ 00

r^ in o o

I I r-^ 00

<r CJN r^ 000 CO ON r^ 000

1^

r>.

crs o

I inO

00 o

1^ 00

*—

.

^^

r-* in o o

I I r>» 00

ON r^ O O

r». r-» 00 ON o

t>* t^ [v. r^ 00

CM <ys r-l 1-1 in 00000 I I I I I so r>» r^ 00 ON

t^ r^ 1^ r^ rv. t^ CM CTi 1-1 * 00000

CO

CM

PMCO2

m

CM

PaCO

so

CM

PMCO

CM 00CM

f-i CO

CO

CO CO so

CO

PL4 CO

PMCO

PMCO

PM PmCOa

P4COa

43
CO in

U

S3sow

VO

4-1 eoo

in o

00moI 00moI00

•HU

(0

<U X

(Uo

nia

CO

(U

(UII

CO• to- Ph </> O W O

O CJ

a S EC

K

w

vo r^ -sf CO CO

r^ r^ t^ 00 o

r>. r-» t^ r^ 00

i-H 00 i-H cvj in O O rH i-H O I I I I I vo r^ r>. r^ o>

p^ r^ r>. r>. i>^

•^^^ ^—. ^—

— ^«^ r^ rH 00 r-H ^ O O O .-I o

COo

COa

•CO- Ph -co- PM O OT O O W

S3 !S^ !li 93 S

som <f CO i-H

00d

•H

4J

(d

(U S3

Q)O

cda.

CO

(U

(U COII 00CO• <0- CL) -CO- U CO O CJ

Si S S3 S3 r^ I**. CO CO

r-^ r^ r^ ON

r^ r^ r^ r>.

CN) o> esi i-t O O i-H o I I I I so r>. 1^ r>. r^ p^ r>. rv. ^~^ '>^^>. ^—

r^ rj ON CM O O O .-I 00COQ• <o- Oi <o- O CO U CJ M S Si S3 r^ r>. CO CO

O

00moI 00p^mo

co- O

U CJ

EC S3 S

00 CO CO

r^ ON o

r^ r<> 00

cvi r-i

m

fH o o I I I so r^ ON

r^ p^ r^ so cs in o .-H o

<o- O CJ CJ n S3 S3 00 CO CO

r>. ON o

r>. r^ 00

c>j r-i

m

.-I o o I I I so r^ ON r^ p». r^ so CM m o r-< o

ON

COO•

CO CJ a S3 00 ON o

00

COoI 00oIII60

C3

td

0) S3

(Uy

COeu

CO

0)

0) CO ow• </> Pli <0- O CO CJ

u o

PS S S3 S3 MM so P^ CO CO CO

r* P^ P^ 00 o pv. p^ p«. ps. 00

i-H 00 r-) evi

m o o i-t «-t o I I I I I so P*. P>. P^ ON

p^ p^ p>. p*. 1^

P-. rH 00 l-l O O O .-I o•

•CO- Ph </> U CO CJ CJ

S3a S3 Si so so CO CO CM

O

00

StOI 00

1^

r<. OIII00

ti •H

4-> Cd

<Du

cd CO

<u

(U COII CM•

•CO- pn -co- CJ CO CJ CJ o

S3

a P3 S ffi so r^ -^t CO CO

p^ p^* r^ ON o p.* r>. p^ p^ 00 — "^ *>^ -~^ *^

i-i 00 CM 1-1

m

OO .-I o o I I I I I so t^ P^ P^ ON

p^ p^ p^ p^ p^ o

00sooI 00

sooIII00

ti •H

4-> Cd

(U S3o

cda

CO

0)

(U COII • CO- Pm •co- O CO CJ CJ CJ

S3

a S3 S3 S3 1^ P^ CO CO CO

r* r* p^ ON o ps. ps. ^s. p^ 00

CM ON CM i-t in O O .-I o o I I I I I vO P^ P^ P^ ON

p^ p^ r«* p^* r>. •* p^ i-H 00 CM St r>* Cv| ON CM St o o O o i-l O O o o 1-1 O o CM CM -d- St St St «d- sr <r Q Q Q Q Q • • • • • 04 •CO- p^ co- P^ •CO- Pm CO- PLI CO O CO o CJ CJ CO o CJ CO a S3 a S3 S3 a Si a S3 S3 a o00moI 00

1^

00oII00c

•H

cd

(U X

(Uu

cda, CO

(U0) COII inStw

CO- Ph <0- O CO CJ CJ c_> S3 a S3 S3 S3 00 r^ CO CO CO

p>. r^ p^ ON o p>. p^ r»« p^ 00

CM ON CM i-l

m

O

O i-t o o I I I I I so P^ P^« 1^ CJN

p>. p^« 1^ p^ p^

so CM ON CM •* O O O 1-) o

in in

Ph

so P>« •* CO 00 r>- r^ CO CO CO

CO- Ph <o- CJ CO o CJ CO

PS ^ PS S3 ^

00 sO CO CO CM

px p^ r^ 00 o

p^ p>. p^ p>. 00

f-) 00 I-l CM in O O i-< iH o I I I I I so r^ r^ p*. ON

r»* !>. i>. p^ r>.

p-« I-l 00 i-t >* O O O I-l o

P^ P^ Ps ON

P>. P^ P^ ps.

CM On CM I-l O O I-l O I I I I SO r>. r>. p>. p^ r^ p^ r>. P^ CM ON c^^ O O O i-H

P^ 00

p>. p^

Stm o o m p*. r-* p>» St -* o o

P*. P^ P>. 00 o

r>. p^ ps. r^ 00

1-1 00 1-4 CM

m

OO iH iH o I I I I I so 1^ P- r^ On

r>. p-^ r*". r>. r^ po 1-1 00 1-1 «* O O O 1-1 o

r^ p^ p^ ON o

r^ p>. p>. p^ 00

I-l 00 CM I-l

m

O

O I-l o o I I I I I \0 Pv P>. P-* ON

pN. pv p>. p^ pv

P^ I-l 00 CM »* O O O 1-1 O

P^ P- P^ ONO

p^ p^ p^ p>. 00

p-> r^ p^ ON o

r^ p^v r^ r^ 00

CMO1CJN o1CM

I-l1

I-l O1inO1

CMo1

ONO

CM

r-l1

r-l O1 mO1 1 SO

P^ 1 p^ 1 P^ 1 p^ 1 CTN 1 so 1 p^ 1 1

P^ CM ON CM -* O O O r-l O

SO CO ON CM St O O O I-l O o

CO

COa

00CO

COa

ONCO

PhCOa o

St

COa

CMSt

PL4 COa

St

PkCOa

m

St

P4COa

44
a

00

eg CO

PC! en en

CO o

S3COCO

egCO

a

CO

CO o

CO

CO o

00 o00 o

00 o00 o

00 o

00 o00 o00 oI iri OI oI m o

in

vOOI m oI in om

OI m

bO

CMIII60c

inoIIIinoIII00c

inoIII00a oIII moII00G o

00c moIII00

u

CO

0)

0)o

COa

CO

0) w

(Uo

CO

4J

a;

0)u

CO CO

CO(U PC

0)o

COa

CO

4-) CO

(U pa

(Uo

COa

CO

4J

CO

(U pao

CO CO

p

CO

pa

(Uo

COOu

CO

CO pa

(U

CJ

COa.

CO

4-i CO

(U pa

(Uu

CO CO

uao

CJ m

COII

•co- O CJ o

pa !£ 33 0^ CO CO

CM .-I .-• r^ 00 O

r^ r^ 00

o^ CM in O .-• O I I I m t^ c^

h«. !>. r^

(U COII o

33omo

00mo

vO

V

(U COII u

33Omo

00moI VO

COu

33Oino

00moI vO

(U

<u COII o

33Omo

00moI so

0)

0) COII u

33Omo

00^^moI VO

<u CO

CJ

S3oinO

00moI vO

(U COII

CJ

33omo

00o

so

0) CO

33

vOO

00moI in

O i-H SOQ

O

vO

COomoQ

moo

COo

soOo

soO

COo

OSo

0^OQ

COO

ri-i Q

COo

OS

i-i a.-I Q

COo

so

CMQ

so

CMo

COo

00

CM

1=1

00

CMQ

StO

COoCOQ

P-i (^ CO CJ CO S 33 S

vO OS i-H

<ij CJ <! o pa o

in CO CM

Cs) i-l r-l < CJ ^ O 33 O m CO CM

CM i-l tH

O 33O

-*

m i-t CM .-I 1-1

<1 CJ <J o pa o

St in 1-1 CM i-l r-( ^ u ^ O 33 OCO CM CM

Cs| 1-1 iH ^ CJ < o sa o

>* <t Csl CM r-l r-l

<j CJ <3 O 33 O

-t OS r«-

Csl .-I ^ u < o pa o m OS r-^ CO .-H

t-- 00

00 so o oI I m r^

CO 00 o o o

00

inoI 00

r«. 00O

00 OS o

r^ !>. 00 ^ in in o o o I I I so 00 OS

r^ r^ r-- CO <r m o o o

00 OS o

r-^ r^ 00

>tmm o o o I I I so 00 OS

r«» r>* r-« x>. '"v, "^

CO -<rm o o o

00 OS

CO so

m o o o I I I so 00 OS

r«» t-x p*. CO CO vo O O O

00 OS

O

r* p^ 00

CO vo

m

O o o I I I so 00 Ot

r>«. t-x r^

CO CO so o o o

CO OS

O

r->« r^ 00 ^^""^ m m m o o o I I I so 00 OS

r->. p^ p«. CO m m o o o

00 OS o

P^ t^ 00 CO m in o o o I I I so 00 OS

r*. r* p>. CO CO m O o O

00 OS o

1^ r>. 00

CO o >t O 1-1 O I I I sO 00 OS

p». p". p«» CO CO O O O t-4

00 OS o

P^ P^ 00

CO o in O .-( o I I I m 00 OS

p>. p^ p>»

•<r CO o O O iH

so

CO omo O

vOoo

CJJ

OSoo Oo o

OS oso

CM o

00

Csj O

O

COo

45
4-1 cooJ

PQ< O

a!CO

COo

00

\oom

r^moIII00a

•HU

«0

<Uo

cda

Ui

(U

(U OTII

CMvOO

00

ir> OI mo

CO CO

CO CO O Q

CO

COo

00O

inoI60C

•HU

to

(UO

CO w

a> o

00mO

in

COo

COQ

COQ o

CO

COo

00oI in

r-^ moIII00C

CO

(U HI

(U(J

COa

CO

<u

(U wII mo

00moI vO

r>^ COom

COQ

in

COQ

O

EC

00

r^

00oI

r>. vOoIII00c

CO

(U PC

(Uo

COa. w

(U

(U OTII aoino

00"^moI in—COo

vO

COQ

CO

COo

00OI m

inoIII00

ti •H

4-1 CO

Q) X

0)o

COa

(»

(Ucu wI o

egvOO

00

inoI m

r>. COo

COQCOO

CO

COo

00oI m

r-« mOII00G

•H

CO

<u S3

0)o

CO&

CO

(U

<u COII

CJ

00mo

00moI mo

00

COQ

pao

00

CT^ OI

co- u

PCCMo

00o

CO r-l o o

copaCMO

00

COOI r^

COo

00

COO o

paCO

CO

00m

<ro

CsJ oQ

U

pa

C3> CM

00OI in

f-«. 00o

COoa

u

CMvOO

00\0oI inooo

CJ

paCO

CO

00OI ino oQ o o

pa pa in 00

CM CO

1^

O

r^ 00

in 00 o o I I in r^ — —

O O

<7\ OQ

•COsaCOo

00oI

COoI60C

•H

4-1 CO

(U pa

(Uo

COa

CO

(U(U COII

•co- w pa m r«» CS CO r^ o

r>» 00

in r>* O OI I m r^

r-. p^

-* \o o oo o 1-1 ,

<i

u <J

pa o

00 <t 0^ CO 1-1 00 C3N O

r^ p-* 00

vo 00 in o o o 1 I I in 00 C3N t^ r^ p^

•<r \£> 00 o o o ^ u ^ O P3 O

0> «* <J^ CO .-I 00 0^ O

t^ P^ 00

vD 00 in o o o t I t in 00 <Ti r^ p^ p>. CO vO 00 o o o ^ o < o pa o

in 00 vo

CM .-< 00 ON o P-. r^ 00 -* o in O r-l o t I I \D CO a\

r<» p^ r>^ CO in o o o .-• o

00moI m

P-* "~^ COo < u < o pa o

00 CO CM CO r-) r-< 00 C?N O

P^ P^ 00

inoI in

p^

COo

vom o oI I 00 o\

in vo o o < ^ <

pa o

p~- p>. 00

CO r-* CO o\ o

r^ r-* 00 <f ON in o o o 1 I I in cjo ON

p^ p>» p^ * -* CJN o o o

Pio

ru00

CMp^

p^mo

in

p>« <to u o

PC cu >* .-I

in r»

p>» p^ O -*

.-I oI t in m

p^ p^

Cvl o O r-l

1^O

p>« O

in

pa o

CJN

<-* CM in r^

p- i^

-* CJN O O I I vt in px p^

r-4 -;f

r-l

O

Pio

pa tu CO 00

CM

m r<~ p^ h>

00 00 o o1 I m m

p^ p~

«* 00 o o

Pi

u o

pa Oi CM CM v£> in

CM

in p^ 00

r^ t^ p>. ^ 00 in o o o I I I in m r^ r^ p^ r^

-* VD CM O o . o o o o o C5 O

CO

CO CO

m

CO CO CO 00CO

CMoCOo o

p-^ o

ONo oI-l i i o O o 1 tu o

Pio

CM

Pio

04 PM oP4

46
</> </> •co- <o- </> u o O u o

pa EC w in a

o

000^O

I t^

ono

4Jo

o

in

<0- o

ren

en

00

O

CM en

r-^ o

r-^ 00

*«^ ^^ o o

I I in r>^

>* vO O o

y-l CM

Pio

CM

p^eno

I ino

o

(^

CM

r^0^o

I m

O

o

00

00o

I ^^

CMO

cno

00o

m

o

00

soo

I p^

cno

u

tri cn

cn

00o

I m

p^

o

PC ff! m r-> CM cno

00

in

ocj u o

CM

in p>« r^ r^ •* in o o

t I in in p^ p-~ *^ ^^ o o

in p>. o o

I I in p^

p^ p>. — —

O O

vO

rHQ• o

p^

p^

CM

i-H

I vO

P^

O U

ffi PC in p~. CM cn

p^ o

P-. CO in p^

o o

I I in p^

r-* p^

o

p^

1-4 Q• Pio

PLI

00

p~. o

I in

p^

o

00

p>. o

I PN. p^

in as cn p~.

i-H cno

00

in p>. o o

I I vO p^ P^ P^ o

00

Pio

P^

cno

I in

r-<fo

p^

cno

00p^

t-i Q• Pio u

P-> PC O 00

cn

00 00

in CM O r-4

I I in 00

p^ p^ <r o

O r-l

</y <rt- </> -w> </> cn- U u u o o o

PC rr! PC PC X PC cn

o o

X X

in p^

CM cn

Po o

P^ 00

in t^ o o

I I in p^

r^ p^

o

o

Q

oiO

a<

CM00

inO

I in

p>. ino

cn o

00 o00 o00 o

00 o

00 o00

M3O1

p^

o1 O1 O1

aso1

p-> o1

1 1 P-.1 p^

1 p^

p-«

1 p1 p^

cnO Ocno

I-H o

cno

rHo

</> X PC in r^

CM cn

p^

ino

I m

p^

o

00O

I p^

p^

<f vO O O

CMQ

o

00O

I int^

cno

cn- O

PCcn

00o

I in

p^

<!o

cn

CMO• Pio

PMvO

CMP^

P^O

in

p^o

o

PCin

00

p^

o

I p^

CT\ O

in

CMo• Pio

0> CM CM

r-A cn T-^ in p^ 00

p>. p*- p^

in cn <p o o o

I I I •<f in t^

p^ p^ r^

u

X

cn

cn00

p>» O

I ino

vOO• o

CM

<P

in 00 p^ p^

ino

I p^

in 00 o o

o

I in

p^

ino

o

PCa\

CM00o

I in

r^

00o

00

Csl Q• Pio o

Oj PC cn in

CM rH p^

p>. in in o o

I I r^ p>. O rH

o rs

I-H

I-H CMrH m p^ 00 CJN rH O

CM

rHCM cn

CM inCM CM 00CM o

Pm

Pio

PL4

Pio

Ph Ph

Pio

Pio

Ph

PiO

Ph

PiO

Ph

Pio

p^

Pio

p^

Pio

PLi

Pio

PL|

47
o

•c«-

O

HI en en en o

00 o00 o00 o00 o00 vOoI oI O OI OI

COOCOo I60c

•H

ca

(Uo

to<x CO

0) w

60a

•Hu

cd

(U pa

(Uo

COoCO

0)

(U CO

60a

•H

4-)

0) P3

(Uo

CO

<u

0) CO

60c

•H

4J

nJ

(U Sd

(U

CJ

COa,

CO

0)(U CO

60a

•H

4J

CO

(U

<uo

COa

CO

<u

(U CO

60e

•H

4J

CO

(U

(Uo

COPu CO

(U(U CO

4-1 coom

COO

00o

COo

00°

oI

0^

cvj Q• O

Pm

I-- CO

00

inOI in oo

COO« o

CO

00OI mo

COQ

pio

Pn

CSl CO

00

CNJ rHI vO

Cvl COP« pdo

O)0^

CO

00r^^^

inoI in

1^o o

CO

COQ• o

ON

CM00

«;J- OI in oQ

i-J H

UO

CO

a pa r^ vo in

r~^ 00

O

r^ r^ 00

ON -* CO o o o I I I in r^ o^

r^ r>» r^

vo o o O i-l .-H

moQ

hi CJ H CJ CJ

ca CO ffi ID <s 00 r-^ 00

CM

in r^ 00 o

r~« r^ r>» 00

in ON

m CO o o o o I t I I in m r^ ON

i^ r^ r^ r^

CO

m o r^

O

O t-H o

CJ

soOo

CO pa

CMr^ 00

OQ• JH

COc^

CM

CJ CJ

pa sa

in OS

m o o o I I in m

~^ ^CO in o o I 1^

i^ 00 o

r^ r-v 00 ON m CO o o o I I I tn r-^ On r^ r^ r^

<r o r^ o .-I O oI-l Q• H CJ CJ

CO pa sa 00 m 00

CvJ

r*« 00

O

r>- r»» 00

On <f CO o o o I I I in 1^ ejN

r«« r^ r»* in o r^ O .-I O

sa CO CM CO

CM

m 1-^

in sj- o o I I in m

CO

m o O O iH

OO o o o o

ON

CM oCO

1—1 CO

CMCOCO

CO

O

mo

soo o or-1

I-l iH

Pio

p^

(Hi O

Pk PLl o

CO CO CO CO CO CO

48
•H

0)o

cda

CO

(U

<u

00

•H«

o

cd CO

0)

(U CO

d

•H

Cd

o

cda

CO

0) CO

60

cd

v

o

cd CO

0) CO

60 •H

4J

Cd BS

0)o

cda.

CO

OJ

0) CO

60

•H

*J

Cd »

0)o

cd CO

0) CO

•HP

Cd

u

Cd CO

a;

(U CO

60a

•H

Cd »

o

cd CO

a; CO

4Jc

oo

U3

Q

•St O

a H o H

pa CO ac CO eg r*» vo 00 m r* 00 o

r- r^. r^ 00

"^» ^^"^ *>>. m ON m <t o o o o

I I I I u^ in r^ ON

!>%. t** r*- r^ CO r*. O 00 O O —I o

O H t) P

pa CO pd CO <S 00 vO 00 m t^ 00 o h* r^ !*« 00 m oi St CO o o o o

I I I I m m r^ ON

r»* i>« i^ t^ CO m o r«> o o r-< o

O

H CJ O

CO 33 ja

r-^ r>. 1^

CM

r*. 00 O

r^ r- 00 a\ in <r O o o

I I I m r>. ON

r«. r* r>* so O ON O .-I O

00

r-l O

00

i-H O

O H CJ H

pa CO pa CO CO r^ r^ r*

»n r^ 00 o r^ rx r>. 00 vo ON m >* o o o o

I I I I m m r^ ON

r>. r>- 1^ p^

CO vO O ON O O rH O

CO

CMQ•

CJ H CJ CJ

pa CO w pa CM r^ vo 00

CM

in r^ 00 o

r^ 1^ p*. 00 in ON m CO o o o o

I I I I m in r^ ON

i»^ r-> i-^ t^

CO m o 1*^ o o .H O

00 00

CM CMo

CO pa CO vO VO 00

CM

hv 00 O

r^ r^ 00 00 m -<t o o o

1 I I in r^ ON

r*. 1^ 1^

vD O 00 O f-i O

ON

CM OnCMQ

CJ P CJ H

pa CO pa CO CM 00 NO 00 CM m r^ 00 o 1^ r* r* 00 m ON in CO o o o o

I I I I m m r*. ON

r»^ r* r^ p^ CO in o r^ o o i-i o

COo

H

CO pa ON vo r^

CM

t** 00 o r^ r^ 00

ON m St O o o

I I I in r^ ON

r«. r-^ r>. St O 00 O 1-1 O

o u o o C5 O O O

r3CO

in

i-i

CO

•JH

CO

00

CO

CO

CMH

CO

00

CM

hJHCO

ON

CM

CO

St

CO

•JHCO

49
•HP

cd

0)

0)oa

(U

(U w

CO

(U

a;oa

w

(U

(U CO

bO

(U

o

CO w

(U

(U CO

4Jo

u

in

00

COO• P u c_> CO CC K

in r>. On

r^ 00 o r>« r- 00

ON •* -vi- o o o

I I I in r>. ON

r^ r- r^

1^ o t>>. o .-( o

o

p

oia

W CO W H! fO i>~ r^ O CM i-t m r>« 00 O r^ r>- t>^ 00 \o ON in >* o o o o

I I I I in in r>. ON

r^ r>^ 1^ r^ CO vo o \o O O .-I o

EdCO

H CJ

CO EC

60 •H

4J

CO

<U

(Uo

cda

CO

(U

(U CO

in r>.

C3N O

00

vO ON <f O O O

I t t m in ON

1^ r^ t^

CO so r^ o o o

CJ H O CJ

CC CO K a

CO r«. P-- ON

CM

in r^ 00 o r^ r^ r^ 00 vo ON in -vf O O o o

I I I I in in r>. ON

r-^ r^ r-« !->. CO vO O NO O O r-l O

60 •H

COv

(UO

COa

CO

(U

0) CO

o

pel CM

o

CO

CM m r-* 00

r^ r>. 1^

in ON in o o o

I I I in in r*.

r>. r^ 1^ CO in o

O O r-(

00G

CO

(U

<uo

COa

CO

(U

(U CO

00G

•H

4J

CO

(U w

QJO

CO CO

(U

<u CO

vO

<!O

CJ> ECCM

CO

in r^

CJ>

00

ONP• U P CJ

EC CO PC CM 00 00

CM

60G

•H

4-1 CO

(U Ed

<uo

COa. CO

0)

(U CO

in

inP

60G

•H

4J

CO

Q) Pd

(Uo

COa

CO

0)

(U CO

CJ

CO Ed X

in r^ O00

in cTi m

o o o

I in in

CO in o o

I

in On CO o o o

I I I in m ON

r^ r^ r>. CO in o o o

i-H ON NO 00

CM

in r^ 00 o

r«» r>- r- 00 «* ON <f •* o o o o till in in rs. ON

r^ r^ r>« r>. CO -vT o r^ O O 1-1 o

NOm

P• U H CJ t Pd CO ECP

rH St r-^s CM

in r-» 00 c r^ r>. r*

<j- ON ins O O O

I

' ' - in in r^ c

t~- r>. r^ CO in o I- O O rHC

C5 O C5 O O CJ) O O O

COCO

ij

EH

CO

o

CO

•JH

CO

CMH

CO H

CO

vO

H

CO

ON

<!•

hJH

CO

in

inH

CO

NOm

HCO

50
00 60 60 60 d c G fi •H •H •H •H U M 4J 4J

CO CO (d CO

0) <U 0) (U X w X ft!

<u (U (U 0) o o o O

rt nJ ca CO a, a a a w M w CO

(U <U (U <u ^

(U <u 0) CO CO CO

4-t coo

in

i-i

OQ

O

CJ

HU

H

K CO

M CO CM CO VD 00

in r^ 00 o

r^ r-^ r-* 00

in 0^ <t CO o o o o I I I I in m r^ ON

r-^ !>.. r^ r*. CO in o r>. O O 1-1 o

CO

O• H

COas

00 o

r-. 00

in -si- o oI I in <j>

r>. r-. co r>^ O o

bD

CO

(U w

(Uo

COa

CO

<u

(U COII CM

CTi Q• O H CJ CJ

Hj CO PC pd

1-1 Oi vO 00

CM

in r-~ 00 o

r* r>- r^ 00

in o <r CO O r-H o o I I I I in in r-«. ON

r-^ r- r*. r^ St m o r-^ o o i-i o

CO

ONQ•

CJ

HUU

Ed CO S rri

I-I ON r^ o^

Cvl in r^ 00 o

r^ r^ r»N 00

in o m CO o .-1 o o I I I I in m r^ ON

r-. i-^ r^ !>«. -* in o r^ O O 1-1 o

-3- o

CN in 00

1^ t^ CO ON

m o o o I I t m in 00 r^ r^ h-. —."^^ -->. rH CO ON o o o

CO

ONoI COIII60

•H

4J

CO

0) wo

COa.

CO

0)

(U CO

00o

00—oI r-voo

CNj

in

CJN oI inO

CMo\

t^

vOOI >*

P^

CMIII60C

•H

4J

CO

Q)

<UO

COO.

CO

(U

(U COI

COQ

<:H

00o

00vOoI r-o

CM

•<!

CJN OI vOI60

•H

4-) to

(y

«jo

COa.

CO

<u

0) COI

cr« COQ•

<:

CM (~-.

r^

O

1^ 00 ^^ ~^

o> r^ o o ( I m r^

C3N C3N o o

</> aX

CMin

C3N r^I r^oI in

<!oII60d

•H

4-t CO

(U X

d)o

COCu

CO

0)

0) COII

in

00 00 o oI I in vD

>* 00 o o I160C

•H

4J

CO

0)

<Uo

COCu CO

(U

a) CO

CJ

CM

c^

vOoI r^vOO

C3N O•

<JO CM CO COO

00

O vO

I-I

O t t in r«.

<f o O T-t

60d

•H

4J

CO

(U

II!

Q>O

CO

Pi- co

(U

(U COII u

CM

vOoI r>. r^voO

in in

in in

CJ

<!O

00 00 in

CM r-l ,-t h- C3N o

r-^ r-* 00

~-s ^^ --^ ON CO vO o o o I I I in r-^ ON

r^ r>» r-

<j- o

ON CO o o O CJ o o M O M W O Ci) oJH

CO CO

CM

ON

hJH

CO

CO

ONH

CO

sro CM COH

ONCO

ino

ONHin

inu

<5H

51
oo

so

ON

vooI inr^

StOII150

•H

4-t «o

COPu CO

(U

0) COoI

inH

en

eg

inQ

<!O

O

H ffi ffi en -* r^

bO w

(Uo

cda

CO

0)

(U COII 00

ine o

0^

vOOI r~

r«>. vOO

00inO

r- 00 00 o^

O 1^ r>. r-> r«. 00

«s in 00 i-( vo ^ O o o o I I I I I vo r^ 00 00 ON

r>» r~- r^ 1^ r^

i-H cvj

m 00 i-i

O i-i o o o o

ON

p^oI in

p«. o

00

•H«X

(U

CJ

COa

CO

(U

(U COmw

CJ

<:H

(N

as

r^oI r>-

t^omOuH

CMO

00

\DOI int^o-o IIIbCc

•H

4J

CO

<u pa

0)o

COa

CO

0)

(U COII vO

CJ

EC00

CJN

inoI 00t00

•H

4-1 CO

<U cco

COft

CO

0)

(U COI1

<x>

CJ> inen

enON

ooo

en

csIII00c

•H

4J

CO

<u PC

0)o

CO co

00Q

en

00

00

CO

0) EC

0)o

COa

CO

Q) (U

01 0) CO COII

D3

in<^

vOOI in

1^

00o

00c

•H

4J

CO

(U PC

(Uo

COa

CO

<u

(U COII o

EC

vOOI r>. ?>. vOo

00 00

c^ c^ o o

00 •H

4J

(0(U w

(Uu

COft CO

<u

(U CO

i^ ow• CO- CO <o- CJ < CJ

u

EC ^ Cij (ij en i-i i-i 0^

r» 00 On o

r^ t^ r^ 00 en CM i-i 00 o o o o lilt in ^«. 00 On

r>» p^ r>» r^

sf en CM I-I o o o o

CMoo

co- CJ

u

PC pa 00 ON

-sP I-I c

00

00oI <HO

00NOOI t^

P«.

CJ o

<s3 CJ -aj H pa H

CM

m CM

r-^ 00 o

P^ P>- 00

00 vO NO o o oI I r^ 00

p*. p>. I inp^

00 00 NO o o o <H

CJN CMPx

p>.

CTn oI m

r^Sto

CJ< ^ H in p» in

CM en

Px o px 00

Px NO o o I I in px

St Px o o

CJ<

CM

O CM CM

<dH

CM

</> CO

CJ < X ;2

Px ON

O

1^ P«. 00 O NO NO

1-1 o o I I I in px ON

p*. px r>. St O NO O I-I o

On en NO

CM r-l NO 00 o px Px 00

p>. NO 00 o o o I I I in NO ON

px px px St Px i-< o o o

in ON

px px o omoo

CM

•co- CJ CJ CJ

pa

X pa NO ON en en l-l St

ON o O px 00 00

iH 00 00 o1 o1 o 1 NO 1 CJN px

h* px t^

i-i I-I r-l c o O

NO Px o o o o • • CO CO CJ <: <;

pa IS rs

NO

O Px 00

"X^ x«^ o «*

I-I o I I in NO

px t-x St O O I-I

NO oc

NO

O

P-» 00

I-I St

t-i o I I in NO

p*. r*. m I-I O I-I

00o

00moI NO o o o w M CJ o i£

pxm

00m

mp>* NO

Px 00

en

00 CO

00

ON

CMO

ino

vOo

pxc ^ g g o i i

CO CO

52
4Joo

in o o

00 0^

a> o — "^^

i-H 00 o o I I m a> o o

00oO• w

vO

O

P^ 00

^-^ ^^ o en

1-H o I t

St o O r-(

CO- u o W PC 00 C^ >* .-I ON O 1^ 00

"^^

—t-i 00 o o I I in ON

p>. r^ o o

si- CMQ• u <

VO rH

^O o

r^ 00 ^^ "^

00 en o o I I m vo

p". p-

~>^ •^~. p^ 00 o o

co- u

tsin

p^

r^oI in

voo

•w00 o St CM

ON

O

p^ 00

1—1 ON o o I I m ON

p^ p^ o o

p^

CMQ<O CM

00

O

p^ 00

en en o o I I VO ON

p«. p^ c^ o o <-*

00

fi •H

(d

(Uoa

CO

<u

(U COII pqo

00O

00~^

00oI mo

St• CO

<!

:2 St

CM

00

p^

inO00 St St O O I I VO ON

p^ p^

sr o o i-i

00

•HUm

tc

(Uo

CO

(U

(U COII PQ

<o- om

o\

p^vOoI mp>. eno

StQ

CO </> <3 cj

u

^2

M

M

CO

St

CO

cncMmcnOi-tmst

vOOOONCJNOvOOOON

r^r^p>,r^oop««p^r^

vovo-^ooor-icncn OOOi-lOi-tOO I I I I I I I I ln^O00O^ONlnvO00

p^r^p^p^p^p^p>.p>.

cMvovo«*o-^r-ifn i-tOOOi-tOi-lO

CO- o u m o

St CM ON O

P^ 00

I-I ON o o I I in ON

1^ r>. o o

St

Sto• CO

W S

ON in o o

P«. 00

r-l St

r-i

OI I in vo

r* p^ St rH O .-I

COr^ p^ St .-I

CJN

O

p^ 00

i-l 00 o oI I in ON

p>. r^ o o

StO• cj CO

EC <5

ON

v£>

O

p^ 00

*>>.

—. o en

<-* oI I in \o

p». p^

"*>. ^-^ St O O ,-t

enmW• CO- CO <o- U <: CJ C3

i£ ;? pc! s

St

O St C3N CM CM r-l P^ 00 ON O

p^ r^ r^ 00

T-l ON r-l 00 o o o o I I I I in p^ 00 cTi r^ r-» r-« p>-

l-l l-l ON l-l o o o o

enmQ

00

COm

in o

t^ 00 '— *>» m St o oI I in in

r» p^

<-t

m o o

</> <o- U CJ o u

ffi PS s nj vO O St ON

eM r-t r^ 00 ON o p*. p>. r>» 00

r-l ON 1-4 00 o o o o I I I I vO P^ 00 ON

p^ p>. rs, r^

P-^ l-l C^ r-l o o o o

p^inQ•

00

00

p^enoI vO

P«»

!^ !^ pq !^ i4 i>i

00o

CO

St

CM

COt

p^

CM

CO o

St

CO CO

St

St

CO

1^

St

CO

enm

CO

in

CO

53
4-> aoo

inw

CO- </> U U O

O

nd ru rci s

>*

O <f ON

CM CM r-l t^ 00 <y> o

r^ t^ r>» 00

i-H ON r-H 00 o o o o I I I r in r>» 00 o>

i-^ r* r^ p>.

i-l t-l ON 1-1 o o o o

COmo

CO

CO oCvj m o

r^ 00 -* in o o I I in m

CM -* o o

v£> w<O r-* CM CM

00 o

f^ 00

CJN o O .-I t I r» ON o o

COo

CO

eno

00

CMoI vO

r^

<JN o

COm

CO

en

CO

54
5.3 WEEKLY READINGS DATA

In order to obtain measurements for the purpose of being able to break out the

contribution of different weatherization options—or at least classes of

options—considerable metering of the major energy-using systems in the houses

(e.g., space heating and service water heating) was carried out: (appropriate)

fuel meters on principal (and any secondary) gas, propane, or electric furnaces

(or heating units); run-time meters on furnaces; cycle counters on furnaces; a water meter on (the cold water supply line to) the water heater; and a fuel

meter on the water heater. A thermometer was to be installed near the center

of each occupied floor, to provide "representative" temperatures over the course

of the heating season. The instructions for meter installations and for making

weekly readings are listed on page 41 of the Project Plan [1]—although those were not followed to the letter in all cases. To maximize the number of data

points available, and increase flexibility in the analysis process, all of

these meters were to be read and reported weekly.

Since a meter reader visited each house weekly, advantage was taken of the

opportunity to also record the utility (electric, gas —if present) meters.

Thus, for most of the houses, for at least most of the last heating season

(i.e., once meters had been installed and weekly reading began), the data

include weekly readings of the utility meters, to which the utility data

discussed in the previous section constitute a backup.

A standard 80-column coding sheet was modified into a special purpose recording/

reporting form for the weekly readings data (see exhibit 3). When the sheets

with data were received, they were looked over for obvious editing problems

(correct city code, reasonable data entries, right-justification of entries in

fields), and then given directly to professional keypunchers for conversion to

computer-readable form.

Once a mass of weekly readings was in the computer, the individual records had

to be distributed to appropriate "house" files as the first step in the analytic

process: that process has to start with a chronological set of weekly meter (or

thermometer) readings for a house. A program, called SORTWRRC.FTN, was written

to do this sorting. (A symbolic listing of SORTWRRC.FTN is on disk CSA3, and

also in [6]. Since each weekly reading record was set up to include the city

code and the house number, SORTWRRC could use that information to construct

the appropriate "house weekly readings" file name for a record. If that file

existed, the program opened the file, went to the end of the file, compared the

date in the new record with the last meter reading date in the file, and added

the new record to the end of the file. Two features of the program affected

the contents of the "house weekly readings" file: 1) if the interval since the

last previous reading data was greater than 10 but less than 17 days (indicating

that one "weekly reading" had been missed, a dummy record with "0" in each

field was written before the new record. If the interval was greater than 17

days, the dummy record contains "00" in each field—indicating that two or more

weekly readings had been missed. Thus, a glance at the printout of a "house

weekly readings" file readily shows how consistently "weekly" the data are. 2)

When a new record being written to a house file contained an earlier date than

the last record in the file, the program wrote an appropriate message to a log.

55
"bus it is reasonably certain that all cases of "out of chronological order"

records have been caught and corrected.

Although the format of the weekly readings file record is entirely different

from that of the utility data files, a decision was made to use the same file name format as for the utility data files, with a "W" as the first character of

the extension. These files are all located on disk volume CSA3—thus, an example volume: file name would be CSA3:CSP.W49.

The format of the data in the file is shown exactly as by the field recording

and reporting form (exhibit 3).

Originally a "W" was entered in column 6 of each record so it could be

identified by any program as a weekly readings record. Later, it was necessary,

for the operation of analysis programs, to make changes in this convention: 1)

An "S" in column 6 indicated "skip" (do not process) this record. (This was necessary for the dummy records with "0"'s or other possibly "bad" records);

2) A "B" was used to tell the program to "begin" determining consumption anew

with the current record (i.e., do not relate it to the previous reading).

(This was necessary when a meter went bad and was replaced with a new one.)

A comment is required regarding the humidity data, that should appear in columns

71 and 72 (percentage, expressed by a two-digit integer). Some sites never

obtained the capability of converting wet/dry-bulb temperatures to relative

humidity and simply reported the two temperatures (requiring, of course, four

columns). It will be observed that there were a few spare columns at the righthand side of the recording/reporting form. These could be defined for a specifically needed use for a given house (e.g., a fifth electric-heating circuit

meter). With humidity data that were reported as wet/dry-bulb temperatures one

of two conventions was used: 1) "11" was entered in columns 71, 72 and the two

temperatures in columns 77-80; or 2) "12" was entered in columns 71, 72 and the

two temperatures in columns 73-76. In either case, an analysis program can be

suitably instructed to read the temperatures in the appropriate columns and

determine the relative humidity.

A CSS file present on the CSA3 disk will print out any house weekly readings

file with a heading identifying the many columns in the file (see exhibit 4).

This action is invoked by the command "CSA3:PRNTWRF [CTC], [house number]".

See exhibit 5 for an example printout of the headings with some weekly readings

records.

The "mass" files of weekly readings, that were sorted into the "house" files,

are recorded on a tape made using the BACKUP utility. These files are named

MASS[n].WRD, n being a number from 1 to 9 identifying the chronological order

of the files. If it should be necessary to reconstruct a single house weekly

readings file, a modification of SORTWRRC named FINDWRRC.FTN is available on disk volume CSA3 (see exhibit 6 for the CSS file that runs this program) that

will do this. This is run by the command "FINDWRRC [mass weekly readings file

name], [city code], [house number]". The CSS file supplies the "W" to create

the house weekly readings file name. (Note that this CSS file is presently

written to read the "mass" file from a disk volume called CAL, and to write the

56
S O

(id

ii

O (0 fa

42 o o 2 C M -H

BJ <* s O r-4 e

(U P

M X

CO

od HM

to

z .-1 M

i if

e 9 M O r-l mt U Cd S5 4

2 P NGS orig s

ft"

READI from I'

u

si

j)||:| u

144-l-l-IIJ MINI ±

5^/ }a_- - i If

1' = := * • 1 5 « _., . 1 r^JL =f—

J.-L

-^«

^! *- 3 Jb- il a

s III III

«

a

* s "! = 1

ICC « •

V_^ _ 1 , 1 4, J. 1 1 ^1! = ~h

iQ* .

1

11

B 9 a I §

; i

1

: ; Is'

V*. =

si

(C3.^ illliiniiiiiiyiiiiyi

ili

(rj. _ -^ 1 1 1 11 IJ_.ll

lltEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

'©:- M

-J"^

IH-'I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 M 1 1 1 1 1 1 ItiEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

li^

llHtt 1 1 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II II 1

c

o

•T3(U

s

3

C

(UCO XiH

57
EXHIBIT 4

* CSS file "PRINTWRF"

* Prints (on PR:) "House Weekly Readings" files—with heading.

*XDELETE CSA3:PRDUMMY.;AL CSA3:PRDUMMY. ,IN,80

CAL : APPEND CSA3 : PRINTWRF . HDG , CSA3 : PRDUMMY

CAL: APPEND @1.W@2,CSA3: PRDUMMY.

CSA3:RC0PYA CSA3 : PRDUMMY. , PR:

$EXIT

58
EXHIBIT 5

EXAMPLE PRINTOUT OF HOUSE WEEKLY READINGS DATA WITH HEADINGS

PRINC.FRN./SPH 2 F/S W^

FUEL R-T C.C. FUEL Fl CTCNO RDGDT 12 3 4 6

CSP05W010279

CSP05W010979

CSP05W011679

CSP05W012379 7942

CSP05W013079 9465

CSP05W020679 0164

CSP05W021379 7727

CSP05W022079 4341

CSP05W022779 1824

CSP05W030679 8935

CSP05W031379 4277

CSP05W032079 9681

CSP05W032779 6181

CSP05W040479 3511

CSP05W041079 7255

CSP05W041779 0682

CSP05W042479 2369

CSP05W050179 5523

CSP05W050879 9202

CSP05W051579 3307

CSP05W052279 3829

CSP05W052979 4713

CSP05W060579 6598

CSP05W 61279 8530

CSP05W 61979 8761

CSP05W 62679 8981

CSP05W 7 379 8981

CSP05W 71079 8981

CSP05W 71779 9193

CSP05W 72479 9403

CSP05W 73179 9774

CSP05W 8 779 9986

CSP05W 81479 0194

6657 858

12292 1930

16882 2895

22641 3939

2799004993

31748 5843

35012 6520

38696 7428

42182 8313

44770 8960

47378 9601

5055710342

5413511166

5592211656

5752912103

5826712319

5973712744

6149313172

6347513595

6363013617

6396613719

6481213954

6568714130

6569214135

6569114135

6569114135

6569114135

6569114135

6569114135

6576914158

6576914158

6576914158

T. HTR. TOT. HSE. TEMPS. HU

EL WATER ELECT. GAS BS 1 2 3A MI

7 ]L6 8 MTFLFLFL TDT9 5

00713100390170087516984 09 71310

39175 89997082 17 71740

39224 91337082 24 72180

1235 000130 39466 92466269 19 72540

2655 000239 39610 93805766 38 72810

4053 000345 39755 95066473 29 73100

5807 000486 39891 96046874 30 73520

7099 000585 40012 96886774 21 73800

8404 000692 40130 97807275 27 74080

9952 000825 40251 98707074 27 74430

1563 000962 40365 99447070 23 74800

3097 001088 40471 00187071 30 75120

4559 001217 40583 00997576 34 75500

5518 001293 40686 01847478 25 75740

6285 001356 40757 02306969 53 75950

7845 001484 40863 02826974 30 76400

91510015928 40954 03147077 27 76740

06930017164 41063 03667275 32 77170

21320018241 41164 04207776 27 77420

37990019513 41269 04827071 42 77940

54100020754 41358 05076668 38 78390

6902 21892 41445 05326872 42 78760

8444 23141 41541 05706872 37 79110

9896 24234 41630 06076973 34 79510

1185 25242 41699 06256972 31 79810

2692 26485 41781 06476969 55 80150

4324 27831 41856 06666977 40 80630

6005 29195 42945 06876976 38 81067

7457 30416 42039 07076974 48 81616

8513 31219 42123 07237078 49 81918

0089 32493 42211 07487171 52 82614

1297 33467 42285 07647389 20 83011

2461 34400 42362 07887273 59 83445

59
EXHIBIT 6

* CSS file for program "FINDWRCS"

* Specify input (Weekly Readings "Mass" file) by:

* (Vol "CAL:" assumed)

* @1 = "Mass" Weekly Readings filename

* (extension "WRD" will be supplied.)

* Specify sought-for house weekly readings by:

* @2 [CTC] , @3 [HSE. NO.]

* (NOTE: House file will be written on CAL:, for COPYA to CSA3:)

$IFNULL @1

$COPY

** NO 'MASS' WEEKLY DATA FILE SPECIFIED ** $N

$EXIT

$ENDC

$IFNULL @2

$COPY

** MISSING PARAMETER: CITY CODE ** $NOC

$EXIT

$ENDC

$IFNULL @3

$COPY

** MISSING PARAMETER: HOUSE NUMBER ** $NOC

$EXIT

$ENDC

$IFNX CAL:(3l.WRD

$COPY

** 'MASS' DATA FILE ERROR ** $N

$EXIT

$ENDC

$IFX CAL:@2.W@3

$COPY

** HOUSE FILE @2.W@3 ALREADY PRESENT ON CAL: ** $NOC

$ENDC

$IFNX CAL:(a2.W@3

$BUILD CAL:(a2.W@3

010177

$ENDB

$COPY

** REMEMBER TO EDIT OUT FIRST RECORD OF @2.W@3 ** $NOC

$ENDC

XDELETE CAL : SORTWRRC . SCR

AL CAL: SORTWRRC. SCR, IN, 20

XDELETE CAL: SORTWRRC. INF

AL CAL: SORTWRRC. INF, IN, 20

60
EXHIBIT 6 (cont)

XDELETE CAL:SORTWRRC.ERR

AL CAL:SORTWRRC.ERR,IN,80

$BUILD CAL:SORTWRRC.INF

@1.WRD

@2 (33 $ENDB

LO .BG,CAL:FINDWRCS

T .EG

AS1,CAL:@1.WRD,ER0

AS 2 , CAL : SORTWRRC . ERR

AS3,C:

AS4 , CAL : SORTWRRC . SCR

AS5,CAL:@2.W@3

AS6,C:

AS7 , CAL : SORTWRRC . INF

ST

$IFE

CAL:COPYA CAL: SORTWRRC. ERR, PR2:

DE CAL:@1.WRD

$EXIT

$ENDC

CALrCOPYA CAL : SORTWRRC . ERR , PR2

$EXIT

61
"house" file on CAL for COPYA to CSA3. It is necessary to "BACKUP" the "mass"

weekly readings onto a disk, in order for the FINDWRRC program to read them.

The CSS file could be modified to write the reconstructed "house" file directly

on CSA3.».) (Note also that some editing has been done to some of the "house

weekly readings files"; thus, a file reconstructed from the "mass" files may

contain uncorrected errors.)

The inventory tables show the beginning and ending dates of the weekly reading

records, the number of records, and whether the readings for the various fields

are essentially complete ("C"), partial ("P"), some ("S"), or absent ("-").

The only data in these files that have been subjected to the rigor, and

consequently checking, of any mathematical analysis are the readings on space

heating energy consumption run through the balance point analysis to measure

"post" consumption. For houses heated with natural gas or electricity, these were the utility meter data (for comparability with the whole house, utility

"pre" data). For houses heated with oil (or a kerosene furnace with an electrically driven burner), these were the run-time meter data. These analyses

pointed up some errors that were corrected in the data. The final analysis

results from the weekly readings data (in terms of fit as indicated by the R^) can be seen by examining the Balance Point Summary Data Files (HSBPTDTA—see section 6.0), where runs based on weekly readings data are identified by a "W"

immediately following the ending date of the analysis period. None of the

other "weekly readings" data have been subjected to any careful examination or checking, let alone analysis.

62
fa

NOs§

4-t (U c •H <JN 1 (U fa

CO

(U -CJ M .H a 0)

0) •H

m 1 Vi fa

CO • (U (U 4J B 1 c > CO 3 1 O .H T3 K 1 C n)> (U 1 < 1

II CO • CO <u CO fO 1 1 td J3 9- M 4J 6

0)

C^l !

(U Ul

H 1-1 1 bO CO

rt x: 1 « 1 u >

/-N CO 1 B^ Vi 1 O T3 o >^ CO t <J in c! <4-l 4J CO 1 H V cs •H O 1 < \^ CO rH • O II ^U •H 'U 1 (U <U 4-1 O 1 CO e > (U & (U 1 O o o x: 1 <H 1 z CO w CO 1 fa 1 M

II CO 4J j U 1 <U 1 S

CO >-l CO 1 'U 1 (U o 1 CO 1 >^ >%

:3 1

S^

to iH 1 H B>S iH cu 1 CU 1 O CO (U 1 3 1 5 0^ W 5 1 fa 1 1 O

faO 4J rH • • 1 O in CO 13 ti 1 v_x 0) c C i-> 1 >-• CO •H o 3 1 Pd .H 3 60 CO fa 1 o CO o •H CO •H x: M (U 1 4J O <H 1 M U II O 1 CO ^ >. 1 ^ a. s CJ U 1 M i-i cu •

II 'I-) 1 1 1 fa • C 1 CO II 3 1 a. (Hi 1 B /—\

(U e^' • *j ^^ c iH 1 /-^ >-l 0) 1 ^s ^ 3 3 1 O .H fa fa 1 C^ 3 /-s • A ^ CO CO 1 ^^ * • 00 1 >^* O TS 1 (U Vj u z oi t 4J T) >4-l <U '^^ ^^

iH 4J a (u 13 6 ^ O

O 1 o O H 1 CJ II IS

II PQ II

a ! u § s •<u

CO

O 1 U 1 fa 1 • 1 O 1 Z 1 U 1 H 1 O 1

pq PQ

/-\ /"^ /—^ /"^ /"-N PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ

/—x /-s /-v PQ PQ PQ ^ § § s-^ ^^ v.^

/'-\ /-->. .'-s /'-N /->. PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ

cjoucjcj(l;>cjocjcjcj CJ CD CO CJ c:^ o CL> CJ CJ

CJCJCJCJCJCJCJCJCJCJCJCJCJCJfaCjOCJCJfaCJCJ I |C^>PL(faPL,fa|faPL|fa| IfaCOfaCOIfafaCOCJ I U c^* I I I I CJ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I lOCJCJCJUCJCJCJCJICJUICJOCJCJI I ICJ

CJCJCJCJCJCJCDCJCJCJCJCJCJCJUCJCJCJCJCJOCJ

CJCJCJ(L)CJC:JCJCJ0CJ)0(DCJ i cjcjcjcjcjcjcjcj

CJCJ>CJI ICJCJCJCJCJ I CJCJCJCJfa I CJCJCJ

CJCJCJOCJCJCJCJCJCJCJCJUCJCJOCJ CJ CJ CJ

fa CJ CJ CJ CJ cjcjcjcjcj I cjcjcoacj I faofacj

faCJIOl ICJCJCJCJCJI I I ICJI I ICJI I I I U I I I I I I I I I CJ I I I I I I I I

CJOCJfalCJCJCJCJCJCJiCJCJICJCJi I IfaCJ

CJCJCJfa I CJCJCJCJCJCJ I faCJ I CJCJ I fa CJ I I I CJ I CJ I CJ I I U I fa I I CJ fa

coinvocsvOfoinr^cMv£)inr^<rooo-*cnooeMinoovo

cOi-ic^j-<rcn<tcocooococo co«a- co-vf -sfi-icsico OOOOOOOOOOOCJ^OOO^OOCJ^OOOO OOOOOOOOOOC»CX3C»C»CX3COr^CX3CX3r^OOOOr^OOOOOOCX3

lnlnlnlnlnmlnlnlnlnlno^lnlno^lnLno^^—iincoin oooooooooooooooooooooo I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^00^0^

O^Ol-^r««O^OOO^C3^00^0^000^C»OOO^OOC»C30r-lc»0^ Of-tr-iOOOOOr-lOOOOOOOOOOOOO + + +

co<ft-icMOcMroinr>.oOi-<<N

OOt-ir-icMCMcMCNjrgcMfno-)

pQpqpQpQpQrCPQpqpQpQpQpQ

<^ ^ -^ ^ ^ *^ <^ *^ ^ <^ ^ ^

CO 00

CO en

faw

PQ PQ

(Ti 1—I eg CO -* «* WWW PQ PQ PQ <3 -5 <:

WW

fa o I I I I I I fa CJ I I

<>. CJ

CJ CJ

fa fa

CJ CJ I I I I I I O CJ^

r^ o

00 o

00 o O

00 00

i-H eg o o H H

63
Oh

PMUUCrtOUUPLiCJU o o u u OUOOUOCJOUOUOUUUOOUCJOU

! I I I S I I I I I I I I I I

I I E I I 1 !! I I 1 I I I I

I I I I I I 1 t I g I I I I I CJCJOWOOCJPnOOOOOCJU

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

( I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

( I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

OUOPM I OUUUO I P^ue^' I I I I I I I I U I I I I I I I I I <J> I I I

OOOPMPmUO I OCJOUUOO CJ U CJ u o u uoouuoooooouou

C3 IPhPliIPliP^PMCOIPliUP^P^PliPm

o U U CJ O O PLi CJ lUP^IOOIOUOIUU

.H UICJIOOOIUUUIUOO

w

CJOUUOPMUI lUP-ilUOlOU o u

H llllUlllilllllU I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I t I I U I I I I I I I I I u I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

1 I I O I I I I t I I I I u I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

PuPmO I UOOPmUUCJPhOOU CJUCJOUUUOUUPhUUUOOUUUU

CSenCMOt-Hi-ieriOOOrHr-lrHCMi-ti-lrHCgC^CVICn

oooooooooooor>.oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

0000^0000^0000^000 oooooor-ooooooor^oooooor^ooooco

ooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 00000000000000<T>0000CXD000000CO

i-<CNjeMC^r-l<NCSIi-tCNlCSCMC>)CMCvJe>J

i-It-4i-Ii-Ii—l.-li—IOi-4i-4i-(i—IrHi-li-l

ooooooooooooooooooooo 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ooooooooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I

CNli-ICslCSr-lt\|C^CMC>lCMCSeSC^CMCv|i-HrHCMCMC>JC>) rH,-lOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

mi-icsvor^<yiOr-icMcomo\Or-icsi

Oi-<r-lr-li-li-(CMCMCMCMCMCSrOCOCO

^j ^J ^j ^j ^J ^j ^j ^j ^] ^j ^J ^2 ^J ^J ^J

^-lc^^cntnooo^voooa^Or-lCMcn-d•mr>.oofno^e^J<a OOOOOOi-Hr-ti-tCS<SC>JCMeMCMCMCMfncn«*'>*

ouoououuuooouooououoo

64
13 ;3: rs 12 :s :2 H H H H H H

:2 :s :2 H H H

CJUUUUUUUUU

o o pLiPHP^PnPHp^P^P-ipMPHp^PkPLiP^cnPHP^P-iP^PHpHPM oouoouop^ou

UU lllUllllUllllc^MlilicDiig

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t ! I I I

I I UOUWOOOIPmIUOUUIOUPhOUOIU

cow UOUUOOOOOOOOUUUOUfXtOOOUU

I g t g I t 1 I I I

I I I I I I I I I I u I I I I u I g I I uuouuuuuuu

OUPmOOWPmUUO

I I OOUUUOOUOUOOOUCJOOUUUUUO UCJUUUUOOOO

o u OUOOUOUUUOUUUUUUOUCJUUUU UUCJUUCJOUOO

4J§

o

vO

p, o

u o

H

^

^

II I

I I I I I II I I I I I I I

I U I I I I

I I

I

I uuouoiopMOUfmucjuouoPHCjoooi

I II

UCJUOOCJU I UPh

I I u o o o o OPMOUp4C3uUOUCJtliUUCJU I UCJOCJUOU I UpM

I o OOUOUPhCJUUOPmOOOOU I CJUCJOUO ouuouououu

CO en

00 00 r^oooc>)oo^cicM\o-*cnvDfnc>jcn«srcMi-i-*cooor^oo

CM CMi-H eNJi-trHi-Hi-l.-ICMeM CMCM CMi-l.-<evJcn

r^r^r«.r>.r^r^oooooo

o o

00 00

00 00 o o

I I

CM i-H o o

O^OOOOO^OOOOOOOOa^OCO^OOOOO r^oooooooor^oooooooooooooooor^oooor^oooooooooo

{\lvOvOvOvOevJvOvOvOvOvOvOvOvOr-lsOvOeN|vOvOCOv£>vO .-•OOOOi-HOOOOOOOOi-<OOi-lOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^0^ 0^ ON 0^ On 0^ lOioi—i«5}'u-iinir)in'>>fini--tir)ii^iri«*<tsj-ooininioinio OOr-tOOOOOOOi-HOOOOOOOOOOOO

i-tinr-*oooNO»-<eM-*m\c>r^oooNcn'<rinvoo>cvjmr-*oo OOOOOi-HrH,-li-l,-(i-l,-lr-4fH<SCMe>^eMf>JcnCOCOm

MHMHMHMMHHMMMMHHHHHMHMH

oooooooooo 00000000000000000000

oooooooooo I 1 I I I I I I I I OSONONONOOONOOOOOOOO

i-l^rHf-ICMr-leMCMCVjeS OOOOi—lOi-Hi-ti-ti-i

i-tm\oi^ooo>-ico<fh-. 00000«-lt-ti-li-li-l

PliPmPliPMP^^P^PhPhP-i COCACOCOCOCncAMWCO OOOOUOCJOOU

65
HHE-i HHHHHHHHH H

>-• >«• NX' S^' S^ >«• >-^ S-' >-• >>»• "^^ >»• >»•

/-s ^-v j'-v ^-N /—

/-v ^^

e^' C" C" C" C" e^' e^' x^ s^/ >«^ V—

>-' s^ v.^ to C/3 N /~v ^~v ^-N

e-' c- C" C" e>" C" e^- e- e^- c^- c- e^- s^ s^ s.^ >,• s_^ V^ >_• v^ \_/ s^ •>_/ v^ WOTwcowwwwwwwcn CO

III I I I I I I I I I III I I I I I I I t I lOI UCJUUI I lOI

ouu uoouuuuuu

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I U I I I I I I I I

Cl^ UIOUOUUI lUOUUUUIUI

u o u UUUUUOUCJU u o o I UUOUUOCJU I UO I CJU

UUU UOUUOOUUU CJ CJUOUOUCJOCJCJUUCJOOUOCJ

4Jo

o

vD

P4<

UUU Op^UoUuOuU U OUUUUUUUOICJUUOOOOO

UUU UCHUUCJCJUUU o UUUUCJUOUUIWUUUUUOO

I I

I II I I

I I

I II II II II II I V3 U I

to to CjOUUUCJUoUuUuUtJU OUUUUUUU I tJCJUCJUCjUuCJ

to CO

CO

0)

>

CO00

(U00

CO 4J

CO

Io

UUUU(J)C_)UuUuOCjUUtJ UUCJUtjUUU I UtJUCJtJtJUOU -H

CJ)CJtJ I OflHCJUUtJOOU I u

oor>^CTNCMr^r^r-«.vor^r>.r^r^ooesoo

oooooc^ooooooooo oooooooooor-^oooooooooooooooooo

vor^vovor»»«-tr^i>^vor^r-~r^v£)csvo 00000.-(OOOOOOOr-IO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I OOO^OOOO^O^C^CT^OOO^O^O^OOOOO

eSi—ICMt—li-li—It-lrHCNIt-Hi-Ht-leSi—Its l-HOi-HOOOOOr-lOOOt-HOt-l

CNjr^csicMcvj<SfOcnfn-it«*«d'"<r>*-*

tocotococotocococotototototoco CJCJ(JOCJCJCJ>CJUUUUCJC_>0

JlllllllUI|U|CJCJI|CJ

i-tfocMtMr^eMcocncocsitvimtMinmeMcnfn

rvoooooovc>oooooooooooor--oooooooooooo

ooocoooooooooooooo 000000000000000000000000000000000000

oooooooooocooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ooooooooooooooooooooooa^oooooooooooo

i»«.r>«r^r»r«»r*-r~.r»r-«r-«r^i^r^r-r>.r-~r-«r»

I—It—li-it-lOi—li—ii—

cMinvoOt-ttninr^tscoinvor^oeM^-invo OOOi-li-tt-lr-lrHCMCMeMrgtMcnfOCOCOcn

t3

0) u

4-1 •H

14-1 o

u

4J

(U

i-l

0)u

<u

CO

CUo

COc

3

CO

CO o

66
/->, /-N y~\ y-\ ^-\ PQ PQ PQ P9 CQ P3 PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ ^^ ^-N .'-S PQ PQ PQ PQ CQ PQ

/"-V ^-\ /--S PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ/"-V /--N /-N /—\ /'-S CQ PQ PQ PQ PQ

v_/ 9 9 Q 9 O

5 g 3 5 3 \_^ s_x ^^ s»/ s,^ 9 Q Q 9 Q 9 6 6°

^^ ^-^ '^^ 9 Q

\-y ^^ \^ ^-z v-' >-• Q 9 9 Q p

:2 g S 13 5

OOTCOCOPMCOCACO W W COCOCOWWWpLiWWCOCOpM CO C/1 CO PLi C/3 en U3

PQ

CO

ucocococMCOcoco I coco

I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I CJCOCOCOI ICOCOICOCO

ucococoPhcococo I coco U CO CO CO I I CO CO I CO I

COCOCOCOCOCOPliCOCOCOCOPh I CO I CO I CODhCOCOCO I CO

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I

I I I I I I I I CO CO I I CO CO pLi CO

I I I I I I I I I I t I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ICOCLilCOICOICOl ICOCOICO

COCOCOCOCOCOPuCOCOCOCOCu I CO I CO I COCMCOCOCO CO COCOCOCOCOCOCMCOCOCOCOCXi I CO t CO I COPliCOCOCO I CO

I O I O I O I u U I CJ U I O I U I C_> I CJ I u CJ I CJ I CJ I CJ I CJ I CJ

U I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t U I I I I I I I I I I I I

C I OOOUOUO I OCJUCJOOOCJOCJUCJCJCJCJCJUOCJOCJUCJOOCJU

o

o

vO

r-i ic:>iuicjicjouiuicjicjicjicjicjicjicjicjiuicjicjiu

5

H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I lUIUIOIOIOIUI I ICJIOICJIPmI I I I ICJIOIUIOlO

I U I u CJ I U I u O I I U I O I O I Pli I I I lOIUICLJIOICJ

ICJICJICJICJIUICJ O I CJ u u o CJIUICJICJIUICJIU

in»*t^u^inevioor-^r^oincovo-*r-^<too-<t«*«s-<fcooNi-Hinco<fco«*-d-»d-cvJinovo<r

iHiniH^i-Mini-^fniH-*rHi-Hi-Hcni-H-*i-H>*i-^ini-Hini--i<*i-(fOi--iini-Hini--iinr-iini-(-*

0> O ON

p^ 00 r>« m vo r^ o o o

I I I 0> 0^ ON

r^ r^ r^

CM in en O o o

i-l cs o o

O ON O ON O ON

00 r^ 00 r^ 00 r>» NO m vo r>« r* p^

o o o o o o

I I I I I I ON On On On On On

r^ t^ r^ r^ r^ r^

1^ CM in CO r^ -^r O O O O Q O

O ON ON

00 t^ r^

r^ r-« ,-1 i^ O O .-I o

I I I I On ON On ON

r-^ t^ r^ r>. r^ vr r>. -* 9 o o o o o

O ON O ON

00 r>. 00 r^

vo r^ r^ r-^ o o o o

I I I I On ON On On

r^ r^ r^ r~.

r>. en r>» en o o o o

PmCO CO

eno

P4CO

o

PhCO

NOo

Pl4 CO

00o

CMCO

en

PLh CO

23

o

CM

pL, CO

O ON O On

00 r^ 00 r^ NO r^ vo in o o o o

I I I I ON ON On ON

r^ r^ r^ r^

r^ CM I^ CM O O Q O

CM

PmCO

O CJN O On

00 r^ 00 r^

\0 r^ vO r~~ o o o o till ON ON ON On

r-» r^ r-» r>- m en r^ •* ooooooooooo O Q o

O ON O ON

00 r^ 00 r^

vo m vo in o o o o

I I I I On ON On ON

t^ 1^ r-* rs.

r-~ CM in CM o o o

o

00 O ON On O ON00 r^ o r^ 00 r^

vo in '^>. in vo r^ vo o o r>. o o o o

I I O I II I ON ON t On ON ON ON

r^ r^ ON r^ r^ !->. r-* in CM ^^ CM in «* o in o c??°?o

en

CM

PmCO

in

CM

pLI CO

vO

CM

PMCO

CM

PmCOS

00

CM

PmCO

en

CO

en

en

PMCO

en

PMCO

NO

en

PMCO

67
PQ n PQ P3 PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ PQ

>-• «^^ >-• V-' N—>.• <^^ v^ >-• s^ >.-• Q

>-• w w WCOCOCOWCOWCOWWCLiW

CO

1 w w

1 1 1 1

CO

1

CO

1

CO

1

CO CO CO

1 1 t

CO CO

1 1

CO

1

CO

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

I

1

1

1

1 1 1 III

1 III

1 1 1

1 w w

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1 1 CO CO 1

1 1

1 CO

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 CO

1

1

t 1

1 1

1 1

1 1

1

1

1

1

1 1 CO 1

1 III

1 CL, 1 1

1 CO w w CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO p-l CO CO CO CO CO CO 1 1 CO CO CO CO 1 1 o o u

1 W C/3 w CO 1 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO PLI CO 1 CO 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 u u o

I CJ O I CJ I CJ I CJ I CJ I o o CJCJCJUOCJOUUUOOCJU U I I lllllllllllltlll UOCJCJCJCJCJCJCJUUOOO CL, I CO

ti CJUCJCJUUUUUUCJOUOUO I I lOOl I I I I I I lU

o

CJ

eu I

.-I ICJICJICJIUIUIUIUICJ llllltllllllll

w

PQ

<ti H lllllllllllltlll llllltllllllll

Qui I I

I O I U I I I U t CJ U I U I o t I I I t I I I I I t t t I I I PM lOtOI I lUIOICJIOlO I t I I I I I t I I t I I o I a

I U I O I I I CJ O I CJ I U I u llllltllllllll I I I

mcMr-.o><tcMooma>csr>.or^vo<i-co

i-t«*i-< t-i'<ri-t«*t-i«>f,-i^p-(>^,-im

voiovoin-^t^^ininoovovoirivo r-^ CTN i-i vo in O^OO^O^O^Oa^OO^OC^Oa^OO^O

r^vOr^i-ir^r^t^r^r^r^r>^vor^r-»invO OOO^OOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I ^ 0^ 0^ O^ 0^ 0^ 0^ ON On 0^ 0^ 0^ On On On On On •<rr^oor^>^j-r>.for^for^fnr>«cor^csjin ooooooooooooooo ^

en

00 ON o CM

St

CO CO

PL, CO

04CO

Cl4 CO CO CO

oooooooooooooo 0O0O0O0O0OCX50O0O00000O0O0O0O

CSCNJCSCMcgcSCSCMCSICNjCSCSCSCM oooooooooooooo

OnONOnOnONOnOnOnOnOnONOnOnOn llllltllllllll

OOOOrHOOOOOOOOO

invooNr^ONvooo^fO>si-mor^oo OOOr-<i-ICMCMfOCOfOCnfOfnCO

OOOOOOOOOOOOOO

o 00 c^ 00 r^ r^

-* r>. o

o o .-I

I I I 00 00 00

r^ r^ r»» O in r^ ^ O O

CM en O O

o o

a< Pu

68
C/3 CO W

e>- c>- c^- CO CO

>-• PM

13CO

t I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I II III II I I I I I I I I I III II

I I I I I I II III II I I I CO t I I I I III II

luoe^uco op-i III ocj oacjp-ii ouii cocopm ii

UOCJUOU OO CJUU UO UCJCJUU UOCJU UUP-i uo

UUUPmCJU PmCJ ill PLiCJ UUOpUiO PMCJCOU COCJCM uu

I I U I I CJ I I I I I t I I I I I I I I t I

It? ICJ UO CMCJ ICL, IIOICJ IPmIPm IP^CO IPh

u

Pio

o OICJUIU UU UCJ lU IIUIC_> IPliICJ ICJCO io

II ICJ UO OO IPM IIIIU ICOlU ICOI I!

I I I U I It II t ! I I i I I III II

I o I u u u I I I u I I u u I U I u I U I I u

u u u u u u u u I I u u I u u u u u u u u u u u P-1 u

U I I I iUI lUUUIUI lUI IIIUIIIIUIIIUII

r^vOi-Hr^iH.-H-*t^r-icsir^i-HONiovot^<rr^^Oi-iroesi--ir«-.vooio-;rf^c^inioi^.--ivo

i-HVOi-li-IVO CMvO I—li-<-<f 1—ir^ cnvOi-HLO r-tvOr-l'^ i-HinfO CMm

OOOOO^OOOa^OOOO^OOOOOO^O^>.O^OOOQOO^OO^OOOcy^OO^OOOO^OO^OOO^O r>.r«^r»oor>»r^ooi^i^oor>>r-»r^oor^r^oor^i^r^oor^oor^r^oor^cor^r^ooi^r~-r^oo

iHrHcsin<Nesint-^cvjinr-^«sr>»u^csicsiin,-MvocsiiO'<rinrH<vjLni-^iOi-^rgiovOf-<csiin Ot-IOOi-lOOOOOOrHOOr-IOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I ^^ooooo^ooooo^r-^ooCT^^»ooo^o^^^ooo^r^ooooo^ooc^^>.ooo^ooc3^h~oocJ^oo^>.ooo^

00 .-• 1^ cs O r-l O O

+ +

<-IOi-ICSOCM«Si-)Ocv)i-IOC^Jr^^O(Ni-ii/^vOCMO-*.-HOeSO<Ni-(OCS

T-lt-l.-lOi-li-IQi-li-IOr-)i-lOO.-l.—lOi-tOOOrHOr-ti-IOi-IOr-li-^Q

+ + + ++ ++ + + + ++ + + + + ++ + + +

o

Pio

o

Pio

p*

ONo

Pio o

p^

Pio

Pm

CMo

p^

m

PiO

Pm

vO

Pio

p^

Pio

p^

00

Pio

Pa

0\ O

Pi Pi o o

PM Pm

69
fit

pQpQcap3pap3aapQP3pQcQ

N_^ \^ \_/ >^X >^^ V,^ Vw^ ^^ >w/' S_^ ^

I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I COPuPmWWWWWWWW

1 1

1 1

1 1

1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 U Ph O CM

1 1

1 1

1 Pi U 1 O U CJ u 1 o

u u u u o u 1 o

I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I PhIPliIUPhUWCuICliI

PnOUUUOOCJOUUO

UUPmOUUPmUPhOP-iU

I I I I will

CO Ph CL, I

I I I

I I I

I I I PliPliUP^PhUPliP^CJUU

Dli I PuPuPmUCJPhOUU

I I I I

I CO cu I

Cli U Pli I

I I I I I I CO I I I I I I I I I I uuuoaop-i I oau

IPh |P^|P^ ICu leulOIUIOIUlU ouucopli I pLiuuao

4Jo

CJ lO lOlU IPL, IUIP^IPmICmICliIPh UOUCJUPupyUCJPMO

vOw

pa<

ICO lUII IPh IPhIIIIIIIIII

II I I I I II I I I I I t I I I I I I

CJOCJOUUUUUUU

I I I I I I I u I I t

lU lUlU \ Pn lUIIII I ! I UUO I OUU I UCJU

o u u u u o CJ u UUCJCJCJCJCJCJOCJCJO uc_>a I uuo I ucjcj

CJI lUI I I ICJI ICJI I I I I I I I I CJUOUUUCJ I UCJCJ

r>.,—(Lrir>»<fOcsmr^mr>jv£)moonoocsvOfor^r^mfOLn

csiLTi I—ivOi-HLn I—100 CNiin.—i-*i—i-*t—i«d- ^i—im »:fv£>ln^£50^C^I^^OfOeMfn fO^-^rocsinfommin-*

OOO^OOOO^OO^OOOOOO^^O^OO^Oa^OO^OO^OO^O

r>~r«»oor^r^oor^oor^r>.oor>.p^oor^oor^coi~^oor^oor>~oo

^Hcs^lnl-^^^^u-le^lu-|,-^o^lncscNlnu-^unL^lnlnln«dlnlnln 00000000000.-IOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ^^CCO^r^00O^00O^r^0000^^00O^CT^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^a^

i-iOfn<-tocsocsi<—i^oOr-iaNfOr-im^mf-imcNr^.-ir^ i-ti-(Oi-iOi-iO.-ii-iOOOOOOOOOOOO ++ + ++ ++ + + + + +

.-I i-H Q

+ +

I-l CM CO

CM

in

CM vDf^4 00CM ONCM o I-l en

CM

CO COCO g

Pt

Pdo

pLi

Pio

Ph

PioPio

»5O

Pm oP-I

p:d O

04

Pio

Ph

Pio

Ph

ooooooooooo 0000000000000000000000

v^ vO \0 ^<0 vO O v^ vO ^ ^O ^O ooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I 000O0000O^000000000000

CNCMCMCsICMCMCslCMCMCMCS

I—Ir-li—ti—lOi—li—It—li—li—li-< •<riov£)r^o>-i-*mr>*ooco OOOOi—Ir-l'-l'—ll-lr-tCM HJJJnJiJhJhJhJiJhJhJ HHHHHHHHHHH cococococococococococo

70
P3 pa PQ pa pq pq pa pa

v-' Q

S--' >wX >-• —

s.^ ^^ v.^ ^—^^ Nw/ v^ v_^ wcowcowcowwwwwwwwww

wwcocowwwwwcowwcocoww oouucjuououcjooHUuuuuaiU

I I I I I

I p^ I I I

Ph O PM Ck I

I I I I I I

I I I I I I

I U t/3 W Pk I

I I I I I

I CO I I I

I Of PL, I U

WOOCMCMUUWPhUOOOOOU

UWPhOPmUIWP^I I I I

t I I t I I I I I I I I I UIIIIIIIUIIPMPU

I pL, CL, tl^ U CJ o

111)111

I I I I I I I

I UPmOPuPjPliCliPm I P^UPhUPhOPliPm I P-i

UP^P4PliUOOP^OUPliP-iPliUPhO lull UUUUUIUIOI I lOU

UPliOP^UUUP^PmUP^PliP^OUO UIOIUCJUUOOOIOIUIOUOU

(3 PjPuUPmUOOPmOUPhPliP^OPhP-i

ou UICJI lUUUOUUIUI I u u u u

H I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

UIUI lOOOOUUIPkl I 1 lOCJO

I I I I t I I I I I I I I

OOOPmUOUPuOUP^PliP^UPliPli llUIIIIUUIUItllllllU

UOUPmOOOP-iOUP^PhPhUPliP^ I I a I I I o u o I o I I I I i I I u

UUOUOCJOUOOOOOOOU CJ Ol lUOOUOUlO I u u u

^l>*lnc^^c^Jvl•^CT^or^fOc^looc^^r^o co<ft-Hmoco«*cMcooovoOi-ir««oo^DO-*voi^

r^ fo cnr^r^r^r^ v£> cs cm cor^ vo 00000000^00000000 oooooooooooooor^oooooooooooooooo

vO vO vO ^D ^O ^ VO lO \0 ^ vD vO vO vO ^D v^ oooooooooooooooo I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0000(TnOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

cscMr^cMescseMcseMcsjcMcscMcscscM

.—Ii—lOi—ti—li—(.—IrH,—li—(i—(i—(.—Ii—It—li—I ooa^^oooI-^cM-^^o^m^oor^c^^cn cMc^4cnfO<l<f*<l«*>*mln^^r^o^o^

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH wcowcowOTcowcncooicoOTwaicn

OO^OCT^OOOOOO^OO^OO^OO^OOO^O oor^oor^oooooooooot^cor~.oor^oor>«cooot^oo

vOi—tvOi—(vOvDvO^OvOfOOi—t<a-i—IvOi-HvOvOeOvO Oi-tO.-tOOOOOOOr-(Oi-IOr-(0000

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I O^O^C^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^CT^O^O^O^O^O^O^O^

i-tO^Oi-Hi-l.—lr-lr-lt-tfOOr-IOCV]Oi-l.-tf-HCn

O"—ti—i'-i<—lOOOOOOi—I.—if-it-li—ir-iOOQ

+ + + + + + + O CM en

o^ in o^ tn r^ m •* -* m u^ o u u o u

<j <3 <3 <i3 <3 H H H H H

CX) m

<:

ino

<!H

i-t CO

00 00

71
o u OOOOOOCJUOUOOUOUUOUOOOO

II I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I M I I I I I UPM llUUtllllllllUUUUOIIII

PmO^ IUIUI IUUUUUI I I lUUCJI lUU

u u I U I I U I I I (14 I I I I I I I I

CJ o I I OUOOUUOUUOUCrtOOOOOOO

4Jo

u

CJ o I W I O I OOOOOOU I pLiWUUWOOOO

1-4 o o

I I

Ot?OOI IOOUOOPmIUCJUOIOOIO

I i I I I I I I I I W I I I I I I I

I u loioouoiotooi I I lucoui 100

I u I w I e^ u u o O I W I I I U M U I U CM U

u u I U I 0^ I U I U I I I I I I I I i I I I

CO

1^ en

00 00

1

vO

I

1 ON1 ON

r^ONOiOsovOi-ir^stm<tcoo-<tO'<rvc>covoinocsi

r^tHi^fnfO<MCM<vjoocMr>.r^oo.-ir^oor^';rc>gr^r>.

OOOOnOOnOOnOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO r«>aor^oor»ooi>>oooooooooooooor>>ooooaooooooooo

eMr^rHr^i-(r^i^i-tr>.r«.r^r«.r^r>..-ip>.r^r^i-ir^r«.t^ r^OOOi-lOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I OOOOOOOnOnOnONONOOOOnOnONOOOOONOOOnOnOOnON

ts.r^r^r^rN.r^rs.r^oor^r>»r>.r>.r»«r-«.r»»r«.r»»r^oorvi>«

r-l r-l CM

1-4

1-4 CM i-l rH+

CM r>. CM ??

i-( CN| CM f-l r-t i-l

>-l »-l rH

.-1 rH CM rg rH CM CM

rH

r>. 00

00 ON

00 sj- 1^ 1-t •<!• CM CM ^ «* Sir>> fo r«« 00 fi

«* ir> m in NO

CO en i i ^ S 3 ^ 12 S mCO CO CO CO CO Si

72
5.4 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS TESTS DATA

To provide part of the basis for selecting mechanical (heating and hot water)

systems options, a set of tests was prescribed to be performed on these systems.

These tests are described on pages 42-46 of the project plan [1]. The purposes

of the tests were to determine 1) the steady-state combustion efficiency of the

furnace or heater (before and after cleaning and adjusting); 2) the efficiency

of the distribution system (air or water); 3) the combustion efficiency of a (fuel-fired) water heater; 4) the recovery time of the water heater; and 5) the

rate of flow of showers.

Appropriate data recording and reporting forms (illustrated on pages 47-54 of

the project plan) were provided to the field agencies, along with the test

instructions ("Building Heating System Data—Data Sheet 'A'", Air Distribution

System (Plenum with Rectangular Cross Section) —Data sheet 'B'", etc., through

"Hot Water Heater—Data Sheet 'H'").

These data exist only in the hard copy originals (in the "house files"); none were entered into any computer—all analysis of the data was accomplished by

hand calculations.

The inventory (table 17, beginning on page 102) shows whether at least the "A"

(furnace combustion efficiency) and "H" (water heater) data sheets are present

in the file. Researchers interested in studying these data further will have

to determine whether appropriate—and adequate—distribution system measurements are available for a given house.

5.5 BUILDING DIMENSIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS DATA, AND PHOTOGRAPHS

As part of the original submission of the data for nomination of a house for

participation in the demonstration, site personnel were asked to submit photographs of each side of the house. These served to 1) help characterize the

configuration of the house, 2) show any large areas of glass (the compass

orientation of which could be determined by reference to the orientation of

the front of the house), and 3) provide some suggestion of the condition of

the house. During the demonstration, these photographs were placed in clear

plastic folders and retained in "site" notebooks, for ready reference. The

folders with the photos in them now have been placed in the "house" files—so they should be readily locatable therein.

Site personnel were also requested to provide, as part of the mechanical systems

tests data, photographs of the furnace or heater, the water heater, and any

other significant features of the heating system. These pictures are co-located

with the mechanical systems test data sheets in the house files.

To be able to perform thermal load calculations of the houses, for comparison

with actual measured load, field personnel were requested to provide complete,

detailed dimensional and descriptive information on the houses. (For details

on this aspect of the study, see the final report of the demonstration [2].)

For recording and reporting these data, a set of forms labelled "Building

Measurements for Thermal Analysis" (shown on pages 69-71 of the project plan

73
[1]) was prepared, and copies, along with some instructions, sent out to the

site agencies.

Essentially, these data were to describe: the overall dimensions of the living

(heated) space of the house, the area of windows and of doors facing each compass direction, and the composition (construction) of each of the building

components enclosing the heated area (walls, attic, floor, basement, windows,

etc.). At several sites, some difficulty was experienced in obtaining complete

and adequate building description data. Consequently, one or two "improved"

copies of the forms were received from some sites. Unfortunately, none of the

forms were dated, no systematic effort was made to purge the earlier inadequate

data sheets, and two or three sets may be found in a house file. For convenience, the latest received data sheets were placed in front of any others in

the file. Beyond that, it is hoped that examination of the data sheets will

reveal which ones were inadequate or incomplete.

The raw data from these forms were never entered into a computer. They were reduced by hand calculations to such gross quantities as (areas of) "windows

south", "windows east and west", "total window", "door", "walls", "basement

wall", "floor", "roof", and "surface". These data, together with the appropriate R-values for "before" and "after" weatherization, were written into a set of files named " [CTCjTHERM." , which are located on disk volume CSAl. The

data items in these records are listed as shown below. Note that the first

12 records of each [CTC] THERM file contain weather data for use in the thermal

load calculations. The building description data then follow, and each "before'

or "after" set of data occupies two records:

First line: "1", CTC, House Number, "B" or "A" [solid—no spaces]; window

south area; window east and west area; total window area; door

area; wall area; basement wall area; (exterior) floor area; roof

area; volume; floor.

Second line: Surface area; R-values for: window, door, wall, basement wall,

floor, roof; infiltration rate (taken from measured average); ?; mechanical system efficiency (from tests), ?, average indoor

temperature (from "eyeballing" weekly readings records) [solid].

These data are also published in appendix A of the final report [2]. Some errors have been found in these data in the course of subsequent analysis.

Consequently, it would seem advisable to re-check them against the raw information on the Building Measurements for Thermal Analysis data sheets before

making further use of them.

The availability of Building Measurements for Thermal Calculations data sheets

is indicated on the Inventory of Miscellaneous Data, table 17 (beginning on page 102).

74
5.6 AIR INFILTRATION MEASUREMENTS AND FAN TEST DATA

The raw "data" pertinent to "natural" air infiltration measurements were

received in the form of air samples in mylar sample bags. (See the project

plan [1], pages 34, 35, for a description of how this test was to be conducted).

As the air samples were analyzed in the laboratory at NBS, the gas chromatograph

readings were entered on a standard data sheet (see exhibit 7). Other necessary

information (city ID, house number, date of test, floor, time the sample was collected) had to be copied onto the data sheet from labels on the bags (where

it was occassionally incomplete). Data on the prevailing weather conditions

(outdoor temperature, wind direction, and wind speed) were also supposed to be

entered on the labels. However, these measures (with the exception of the temperature) were generally made by "eyeball" and are of questionable value. (The

standard guide for estimating wind speed on the Beaufort scale was provided to

site personnel.)

As can be seen on exhibit 7, the form contained a format to aid in carrying out

the calculations to convert a pair of SF5 concentration readings into an air

infiltration reading in "air changes/hour".

Initially, these calculations were carried out by hand calculator. Subsequently,

a program was written to process these data (using a Cromemco Z-2D microcomputer). (This program is listed in [6].) The raw data from the data sheet

(1 - identifying data and times, 2 - chromatograph readings, and 3 - exterior

temperature—if available) would be typed in, and the computer then calculated

the air exchange rate and wrote a record containing 1) and 3), above, and the

air exchange rate (for each floor of multi-floor houses). Note that separate

air infiltration measurements (each requiring a pair of time-separated air

samples) were specified to be made for each floor of two- or three story houses.

Other computer programs were written to 1) produce (unweighted) "house average"

air exchange rates for multi-floor houses, and 2) collect all "house" readings

for a house into a single record, listing a) the (unweighted) average of the

individual readings, b) the number of readings, and c) the individual readings.

The inventory data reported in table 17 are taken from the above listings (which

are on "floppy disk" volumes) —i.e., these constitute "successful" tests. Note

that the inventory shows how many readings were obtained "before," "during," and

"after" the carrying out of infiltration work on the house.

It should be noted that some "bags received" did not result in air infiltration

readings, for such reasons as: 1) crucial data (e.g., time) missing from a bag

label, 2) inability to obtain usable SF5 concentration data from the air sample

bag (due either to oversaturation or too low a concentration), or 3) finding

a higher concentration in the second bag than in the first (mislabeling?

contamination from a local source? non-representative collection of the air

sample?).

The fan test is described in the project plan [1, p. 35]. The data from these

tests were recorded and reported on forms as shown in exhibit 8a.

75
EXHIBIT 7 AIR INFILTRATION (BY SAMPLE BAG) DATA WORKSHEET

(Reduced from original 8 1/2 x 11 size.)

fr

\i',!.'0 sfrro

.XjWy TT'H,. fLL^-.C—

"" !r~f7^/.7J>>ft JLjO^]

5aM^

r.tr F/^^ Tf.'i^ . 73 '7Z

T>:ry Flc^r TrfP _.

s (zp:::

~\A

±

•A..

c, -JrVJ

r,,.i v;-t

J._.

"j^r- .'-1

CO

:j..

/2..„ ..t TfK/>_ : ^

Tv.r../ T.. r.-f T.~

J s p s_ r AT r,

_ C

..'- ._. ^^ £ _. - ... O,/ -

3, — — 1 — '-l".

-- 7

CO

NOTES: Average "standing current"

Average SF5 reading

SFg concentration

Air exchange rate (air changes /hour)

Carbon monoxide concentration (parts per billion)

76
EXHIBIT 8a

f*n >f»wrlK>tton T«»t tif For*

CSP

city fOLO^M^^ ^Aef0j£.%

8ou»« f A

#2./V7f

location •£ Pan ftfA'tj l^xuz. . s/>rtf{

•dot ft Window! Closed - YES SC KO

(If HO txplain)

AP

PrtttuTc

In. of water

Pan Spead • tpa PowerF;tar Setting

taadlng #1 leading #2 laading #3

«.0S •»9r «^7 ^57 S3

Q.IO /VtV /*/5D /W? 7^

0,15 /y?/" '/J?An /O?"

«.to ^ff-n ©ACJ a/W —'—/

«.25

0.3

HAZ -a^o

^ST/o 9Yir -2r7j^ fHi

11
Basically, a fan test was to be performed before any infiltration work was done

to the house, and a second test performed after infiltration work was completed.

Some sites recognized the usefulness of the fan test as a diagnostic tool and

carried out and reported several tests over the course of the demonstration.

Unfortunately, the data form as originally distributed did not have a blank

for the "date," and field personnel tended not to record the date. In some cases there may be ambiguity about the chronology of reported tests, or about

their relationship to infiltration work. On the other hand, some field personnel, fortunately, had the presence of mind to record on the data sheet, not

only the date, but also something about the situation (i.e., "with fireplace

cover in place", or "without fireplace cover"). Where it has been possible to

determine that a fan test was "before commencement of infiltration work" or "after completion of such work", that is indicated in the "B" and "A" columns

of the inventory in table 17. (In cases where the data form does not contain

a date, the staff determined an approximate date when the data were processed,

and such dates were entered in the computer files.

The data from these tests were analyzed, using the Cromemco micro-computer, to

obtain a "standard induced air exchange rate at 50 Pa indoor-outdoor pressure

difference." An example of the output of this analysis program is shown as exhibit 8b. (This program is listed in [6].)

Most, but not all, of the raw data are recorded on Cromemco-compatible floppy

disks. Where several "post" fan tests were reported for a house, not all have

been entered into the computer files.

5.7 TEMPERATURE STRATIFICATION DATA

The "temperature stratification" test was originally conceived as one form of

quality check on weatherization work: it would be expected that extremes of

interior temperatures under severe winter conditions would be reduced by the

installation of many of the weatherization options. Before weatherization,

such extremes obviously could occur as inordinately low temperatures, but also

possibly as undesirably high temperatures in certain areas, resulting from

occupants turning up their thermostats to try to attain comfortable temperatures

in much-used living spaces. The collection of temperature profiles of the

houses became of even more value for future study in connection with some of

the data obtained later through the occupant questionnaires (see below, section

5.12) —namely, that on occupant attitudes about comfort and temperature

impressions.

The instructions for this test in the project plan [1, page 36] were incomplete

and inadequate to obtain useful temperature stratification data. More complete

instructions (see exhibit 9) were sent to the field agencies for guidance in

obtaining these measurements. Again, a special-purpose data recording and

reporting form was designed and provided to the field personnel (see exhibit

10a). Although this in no way resembled a standard 80-column coding sheet, the

small numbers indicating card and column locations for the data provided sufficient guidance that keypunchers were able to punch these data efficiently

directly from the coding sheets. (Some editing of the data sheets was generally

required before they were given to the keypunchers: ensuring right-justification

78
EXHIBIT 8b

EXAMPLE OUTPUT OF FAN TEST ANALYSIS PROGRAJl

FRR 13 D«TE OF TEST 12-1B-7B

HOUSE VOLUME - 7608. FT««3

LOCflTlON OF FftN — FD

COEFFICIENTS OF THE EQUATION: Q-C«(DP)»B

C - .3972E+B2 <4y'-

B - .4132E+00 (+/'-

02S - i5.13 /'HR

050 - 20.23 ^HR

.33B7E+01)

.3420E-01)

R«*2 - .9678E-fB0

PRESS

.025 7.65

.650 11.67

.675 14.25

.100 15.98

.150 16. BB

.200 16.76

.225 20.50

PRED

6.46

11.31

13.41

A5.13

17.93

Z0.23

21.25

RESID RPtI .61 555.

-.36 870.

-.64 1118.

-.66 1320.

-.73 1708.

1.47 1904.

.75 2191.

R»*2 - .9568

STD. ERROR 1.B20

79
EXHIBIT 9

INSTRUCTIONS FOR TAKING TEMPERATURE

STRATIFICATION MEASUREMENTS

jPobj>etg i Proccdoras £er tcldss tesspcratnr* etretlfIcatlon aaacur«Mnt«

Baeordiss/reperrtlas ^t«s ef •••tfaarlcatlon tmrk

ycgq«Tatartt etratlf^-eatloo Bsajgrg^aitB n«ac« EoUcv thess Ixiftraetlons vfaco taMng tcap«r&tizr« stratlflctitloB

wiBuragacntJ aad r«i«rtijis •txatlfiestlon data.

tb««« Baosareamta et9 Co ^ Mtda vltit th« •l*etrle digital thamoeatsr.

Bach etratlfleatloa Baasorescst ftonalata ef ehraa readlBga:

X. acka at eboat 1" (one laeh) aWrc tk» floor. (Va ara latcrest«d Is tba poaslbla praaeoca of a tbln S^ysr of cold al^

•B tiie floor tbat can oaaearbata arthritis probl^ of

•ccopoata.)

2. ena at sldlarvel—about ehaat bai^t ef a ataadlcc pcreoa.

3. 608 about a feet balov tita eeillsg*

Theae effioaoraseata are to ba Bade ^rathly, lb tba eeitar ef each 11t1o£

•pace (rooa). Oto sot bother vl^ spaces ^sllar than about 5 s 8 feet,

elosets, ate.) la eddltloa, Is each apace that h&s en exterior «all, «e

«ant a oaaeureaast (set of raadliige) taken near the elddle ef each eacterler vail, apprortpately 4 to 6" fosa tba vail. Sme, If a space la a eonar

roott, thre« »s&Bureaente abonld be tclcen In thAt apece—one at the center And ona bj each ef the czteilor valla. If there la a regularly uaod

llrlng apace In the baaoent, Baaeurcssenta abould be taken le that roon.

Sa erdffir for ea to sake aaanlnsful caa ef theae (aeaauraaaate, It la lapor- tant Chat: 1) the BofiaorcaBanta ba takea at the aaae loeatioaa each aonth,

mad f) W9 %«vo «ess e^spleaftatarr Isfer^tloB: ^a ^ta ead eba daa

*f &sjt t^ ectdoer tss^yeratura, th* wind eosdltloe, cad Cbe enaalseee.

Ov-er t^ »ew«r«l ao^tha that j^ee take theae ne&artreassta, £t is daslr^la

that fsfi Cry to get readina* et Alfferent Cls*a •£ isy ia ttseh bsuoe

^o.» e^rly seralse V9. weiMs^ vb, iata ofterfssca.

YI«w8 E«se7d 6^ ^^idt &>» iata tm ^a c^loacd tetu. Tea ebotald first

c^teh, es a hlax^ ebftstg each eec^led floor of ehe booae. XadicAte tba

^'Soapass) erleatatlsis ef t^ froat ef tba boase. t3>aa i»xk eo tLa aJr^tcb -«&«ra tba B»a»are»3ts vill ba t£k^t~-e9 ti^t the Ie«atlo^ vlll be eon«

tflatcat tttm eenth to e^mth. (&«ad es a eopy ef the eketch ^th jour

maxt e«t ^ atratlfleati^a ^ta.) tban sark ep a det fora for each haaae

(critics la Sii« hs^i»e &sii>mr esd lletlcs each locati^ni «bere yvu trill be

feekles Toadinss), esd c^« es^uj^ e^laa for foaz ctsaalalas atsatlflcatlon

i^««reesats (£*«.« Jaea&ry theoufih Joaa).

flMi BBcaasary aedas for fllllas is cba data abeat are sl^as eei the attaebad

9a£e. Pdr tlsa, ceeord the tte«rc«t bear. Plaaae record tba eotslde tanp6rat\ire at tba b«<use by tborsosAter (the digital one cmx ba need—ln>t jeat

record the caareet «^Ie dagroes} , If yoa e£o obtain the lataat vlxti spaad

cad direction by talopbosi£^ for a local voach'tr report, floe; ethorvlaa,

Jttct ebaerpo the epe«d ^ ^tba IndleatlotM sbovB en the endoaed "codea"

ali*st* too ea& also tsll by cbeervdLas vhathar It la **elaar", "p«rtly

tilooAj^" »r "eooplet^y evercaat." I&>ce that for eeavurcaanta takes near CKterlor aalls, you ebooliS antar T' or "iSi la the eolom **fty a nindov?"

Vm latei-Aor teaipcratarc roadlnffi ara to be recorded to the aaareat tenth

•f a ^asrea.

80
EXHIBIT 10a

TEMPERATURE STRATIFICATION DATA

RECORDING/REPORTING FORM

CAKQ I

t*.fiVj.

CMO 3

CAfiii H

CA^OS^

Cf^lid k

TE^RATURE STIWIinCATION ff-ASUTEILVrS

no. day

CITY HOUSE NO. 7-- ynWE J ^ J 79

WIND DIRECTION* CLOUD

oursiDr TEMP. : ^ ^ wim)* (if kncv-n)

'7 OOVCR*

__ 5o J7

BY A TT-MPERATUTJuS aOOR* ROOM* UnCATlCN* l.'INm.?* FLOOR MIDLEVEL CaiKP

Jl

ssr

tr

Ht

Wk

H*

*t

¥

jy

«k

41

»M

*.

«^

•It

• llse codes provided on separate sheet.

81
of numbers in the heading information on card 1; ensuring that the time was recorded as a two-digit (nearest) hour in columns 13, 14; with larger houses,

where the readings continued over to a second page, crossing out the heading

(card 1) section of the second page).

Along with the instructions for obtaining the measurements, a set of codes was provided for recording the descriptive data (see exhibit 10b). (The list of

room-type codes was extended several times during the course of the

demonstration.)

We were not concerned about comparability of temperatures between houses for

particular types of rooms, but were concerned about test-to-test comparability

of the readings for a given house—i.e., consistency in the locations at which

temperatures were recorded and the room designations—thus, the request that

sketches showing the arrangement and designations of rooms (for each occupied

floor) of the houses be prepared, that the locations of temperature stratification readings be marked thereon, a copy sent to NBS, and a copy be used as guidance for field personnel when they took the monthly measurements. (One site

missed the point, and for several months sent in new floor diagrams, each with

somewhat different reading locations.)

We did encounter a few problems with changed room designations as room uses actually changed over the two years of this data collection. Since these codes

provide the basis for possible future linkage of temperature stratification

measurements of specific rooms and locations with the comfort and temperature

ratings of the rooms and locations (see Occupant Questionnaires, section 5.12

below), some effort has been made to ensure uniform designations for a particular house. For the data that are in the computer disk files, such consistency

can be reasonably assumed. For the data that are available only in hard copy,

checking and editing is probably still required.

The inventory (table 17) shows the numbers of temperature stratification test

data sets in the computer files, and those in hard-copy, only, in the "house"

files. All of the computer files (along with associated programs) are on disk

CSAl . The individual readings on individual houses have been edited together

into "mass" files by site, with the file name CSAl : [CTC] 1 .TST. Within these

files the readings are arranged in order 1) by house number, and 2) chronologically within house numbers. Thus, an analysis program (such as STTANAL2 . FTN

,

a source listing of which is on disk volume CSAl and also in [6]) can process

these files, printing out the results of each temperature stratification "test"

of a house, and writing single lines of results to summary data files in house

number and chronological order. Both programs write a one-line summary data

file CSAl :TSTRANAL.[ CTC] , which summarizes the physical measurements recorded.

Program STTANAL3 also writes to another summary data file (TSTSTAT. [CTC] ) the

results of some statistical analysis of the data.

Both of these programs "look up" the dates of weatherization work on a house in

the proper HSOPTDTS. [CTC] file (see Options Installed Data, section 5.9), and

print at the top of the house/test output listing appropriate messages relating

the date of the test to the status of weatherization work on the house.

82
EXHIBIT 10b

CODES FOR USE ON TEMPERATURE STRATIFICATION DATA SHEET

WIND: Use Beaufort number as shown on other side.ROOM:

Living room

DIRECTION (of wind)

LOCATION (of measurements Dining room

by walls): Kitchen

Kitchen-Dining Rm.

North 1 Hall

Northeast 2 Bedroom 1 East 3 (up to)

Southeast 4 Bedroom 7 South 5 Family room

Southwest 6 Sun room

West 7 Bathroom 1 Northwest 8 Bathroom 2

Living-Dining room Center C Play room Utility room

Store room unidentified

LR

LI

L2

L3

DR

KT

KD

HL

Bl

+B7

FR

SR

Wl

W2

LD

PR

UT

ST

Rl

R2

R3

CLOUD COVER:

Clear

Partly cloudy

Overcast

C By a: Window: Yes Y

p No N

and Air Register ie Register: R

FLOOR:

1st

2nd

3rd

Attic

Basement

1

2

3

A

B

Adjacent to unheated space

(e.g., garage, storage shed) U

83
5.8 MIN/MAX TEMPERATURES DATA (ATTIC BY-PASS TEST)

One finding from the earlier Twin Rivers, New Jersey, house energy-conservation

research was that there often existed, in houses that had supposedly been

thoroughly weatherized, leakage paths by which heated air in the house convected

into unheated spaces—particularly the attic.

In the CSA Demonstration, a simple test was devised to identify the presence of

such leakage paths after the houses had been weatherized (see project plan [1],

page 36). This test required setting up three maximum/minimum recording

thermometers at the house late in the day, and reading them the next morning

i.e., obtaining overnight maximum and minimum readings. The thermometers were

to be located 1) near the ceiling of the uppermost occupied floor, 2) in the

attic, and 3) near the house, outdoors. As can be seen in table 17, some sites

conducted this test several times, others only once or not at all. These

data have never been analyzed, due to unavailability of resources.

5.9 OPTIONS INSTALLED DATA

As the Selection of (Architectural, or Mechanical) Options sections of the

project plan [1] make clear, the options specified to be installed varied from

house to house, even in a given city. This was particularly true of mechanical

options, which had to be tailored to the nature of the existing heating system

(assuming it was not replaced in its entirety). However, even the specified

architectural (building shell) options differed, depending on construction type

and the fuel used for space heating (i.e., fuel price). Further differences

were generated in the field installation of options (e.g., the house already

had good storm windows; the house already had wall insulation; there were no broken windows, or loose glazing, to be repaired; the homeowner refused to permit drilling of the walls to blow in insulation; the arrangement of the attic

limited the amount of insulation that could be installed, etc.).

Two different media existed for reporting the options actually installed in a house: 1) Cost data for each option installed in each house were to be reported.

(These data went directly to the economists who were working on the analysis of

the economic aspects of the study.) 2) The site agencies were requested to

report, regularly, options installed, by house, and the dates of installation

(needed so that results of periodic tests could be related to the status of

various individual options or groups of options).

To organize these options/dates data, two forms were made up for each site, with

house numbers across the top and all the options (architectural or mechanical,

respectively) prescribed for any house at the site listed down the left margin.

Where a particular option was not prescribed to be installed in a particular

house, the appropriate box of the matrix was filled in with an "X". The rest

of the boxes remained to be filled in with information (either a date, or some indication that the option was not, in fact, installed on that house).

As a check of (and solicitation for more of) these data, copies of the forms

were reproduced and sent out to the site agencies, with a request to check the

data against their records and fill in any remaining blanks.

84
In the spring of 1980, the Project Manager visited each site, and endeavored to

inspect each of the houses to spot-check the quality of weatherization work,

verify building dimensi6ns and descriptions, and make note of any energyaffecting peculiarities about the house or household that might not have been

picked up in response to the prescribed data -gathering requirements. Although

there was not time to systematically check the options installed in the houses

in their entirety, some changes in the "options installed" data sheets were made based on these site visits.

When assembling the final results of the demonstration, we endeavored to verify

the correctness of the "options installed" and the dates data. This proved to

be no easy task. In a number of cases, costs were reported for options which

were reported "not installed" or for which no date was reported—or vice versa. There were also inconsistencies between a date reported and field trip observation of non-installation of the option. The researchers spent the better part

of a week working to try to resolve these inconsistencies—without achieving

complete satisfaction. The individual options-installed data (given in tables

14 through 25 of the final report [2] and the installation dates data (see below

for physical location) represent our best judgment, and are probably better than

90 percent correct.

The dates of installation of individual options were never computer-recorded,

and exist only on the hard-copy data sheets in the city files, under

Miscellaneous Data.

To be able to readily compare the dates of periodic tests against the status of

option installation work, a set of summary-data computer files was written—one for each site. These files are on disk volume CSAl, are named HSOPTDTS. [CTC]

,

and contain the dates of: 1) first infiltration work, 2) last infiltration

work, 3) first conduction work, 4) last conduction work, 5) first mechanical

systems work, 6) last mechanical systems work, and 7) service hot water system

work. (The latter was usually completed within 1 or 2 days. Where it was spread over a longer time period a "55" flag was entered for the month, and the

reference to the hard copy records is necessary to find the actual dates

involved.)

A CSS file on CSAl will print any of these "option dates" files, together with

a heading and footnotes (see exhibit 11). This is initiated by the command:

CSA1:PR20PDTS [CTC].

Essentially these files should contain only the experimental (weatherized)

houses. However, it has been mentioned that weatherization or other energy use- affecting work was done to some of the control houses. Such houses do appear

in these files with "(C)" following the house number.

It is clear that these files can be easily read by a computer program. Although

they contain some summary and notational information at the end that does not

conform to the main record format, the last house entry in each file is followed

by "***" in the "city code" field. The program will be reading this field under

an alphabetic format instruction, and the "***" can be interpreted as "end of

file" and appropriate action taken.

85
EXHIBIT 11

* CSS file "PR20PDTS"

* To print HSOPTDTS files (with heading) on PR2:

* Use first parameter (@1) to specify site/city.

*XDELETE CSA1:TABLEDTE.

AL CSA1:TABLEDTE.,IN,20

D T ,CSA1:TABLEDTE.

XDELETE CSA1:PRDUMMY

AL CSA1:PRDUMMY,IN,80

CSAl : COPYA C SAl : TABLEDTE , CSAl : PRDUMMY ,,10

CSAl : APPEND CSAl : HSOPTDTS .HDG,CSA1 : PRDUMMY

CSAl : APPEND CSAl : HSOPTDTS .@1 , CSAl : PRDUMMY

CSAl : APPEND CSAl : HSOPTDTS . FNT , CSAl : PRDUMMY

C SAl : COPYA C SAl : PRDUMMY , PR2

DE CSAl: TABLEDTE ;DE CSAl: PRDUMMY

86
5.10 THERMOGRAPHY

Efforts were made to inspect by thermographic camera all house walls that were

supposedly insulated, to obtain some indication of the thoroughness and overall

quality of insulation work. In 105 of the houses, an even more extensive

thermographic inspection was carried out, sometimes in conjunction with

depressurizing the house (see Air Infiltration Measurements and Fan Test Data,

section 5.6) to look for points of leakage around sill plates, wall-ceiling

joints, window and door frames, wall electrical outlets, switch plates, etc.

The raw theirmographic data exist in the form of photographic prints (Polaroid

or from negatives), 35-mm negatives, and video tape, and are all under the cus- tody of Dr. Richard Grot, Physical Environment Division, Center for Building

Technology, NBS. Some examples of raw thermographic data are shown in exhibit

12. The thermography records were analyzed to look for the following types of

thermal defects in weatherized houses:

missing wall insulation

insulation shrinkage /fissures

defective ceiling insulation

air leakage at doors

frame heat loss at: doors

windows

joint heat loss: wall-wall

wall-ceiling

wall-floor

heat loss at soffits

heat loss at eaves heat loss at basement /crawl space

cold air penetration: ceiling

A table listing the incidences of these defects occuring in the first 65 houses

surveyed (i.e., those completed in the winter of 1978/79) is included in the

final report of the demonstration ([2], table 26). For further discussion of

these data and their significance, see [5].

87
EXHIBIT 12

EXAMPLES OF RAW THERMOGRAPHY RECORDS

2a. LIVING ROOM WALL - VISUAL

missing insulation

frame heat loss shrinkage wall joint heat loss

2b. INTERIOR THERMOGRAM OF 2a.

missing insulation

frameheat

loss

2c. DINING ROOM WALL - VISUAL

fissures

2d. INTERIOR THERMOGRAM OF 2c.

88
5.11 OPTIONS COSTS DATA

Detailed data on the costs of weatherlzlng the houses In each city were collected,

The weatherizatlon work was separated into various retrofit techniques, called

weatherization options. For each option done to a house, the cost data consisted

of the total cost of the option, separated into labor, materials, and overhead

costs; the labor type (contracted or in-house); the amount of work done, measured

in lineal or square feet (job size); and physical aspects of the houses that

could have some bearing on the value of energy savings, such as fuel type for

water and space heating.

This information was numerically coded and put into formatted Data Files in the

computer so that it could be analyzed. Index Files for the numerical codes

were created to aid in accessing the information. The results of statistical

analyses of the cost data were put into Summary Files for easy reference. The

analyses concerned calculation of measures of central tendency and variation

of unit costs. These measures were taken for groups of data categorized

according to option, city, and labor type. For one study, the statistics were calculated for each option/city combination so that cost comparisons could be

made among the different cities. For another study, the statistics were calculated for each option/city/labor type combination so that the comparisons

could be extended to the labor types.* All of the resulting descriptive

statistics are in the Summary Files described in this report.

These cost data can serve a number of research purposes. First, by comparing

the cost information to the energy savings information described earlier in

this report, it can be determined which combinations of options would pay for

themselves over time. Second, the cost data could also be used to see whether

economies of scale are present in installation costs of architectural options.

Third, by applying a regression analysis to the attic insulation cost data,

the marginal cost of increasing insulation could be measured. Fourth, the

data could be used to develop a cost prediction model incorporating such factors

as region, architecture of the house, and labor type.

This section describes the format of the three types of files (Index, Data, and

Summary), the data contained in them, and the uses for the data. Subsection 1 describes the Index Files, subsection 2 the Data Files, and subsection 3 the

Summary Files. All of the files discussed in this section are on disk volume

"C0S2."

5.11.1 Index Files

An Index File lists all possible values of a variable. There are four Index

Files: ARCOPT lists architectural options, MECOPT lists mechanical options,

CITIES lists the cities in the project, and FUELS lists the fuel types for water

and space heating in the house studied.

* For a detailed description and the results of this second study, see reference

[31.

89
Exhibit 13 is a listing of ARCOPT. The first 11 options are infiltration

options and the rest are conduction options. Some options are listed twice to

distinguish between cost data for an option installed by in-house labor and

cost data for the same option installed in the same city by contracted labor.

After each option name is an indication of the units in which the job size is

measured. The second Index File, MECOPT, is listed in exhibit 14. The first

11 options are space heating options and the rest are water heating options.

The third Index File, CITIES, is shown in exhibit 15. It is a listing of the

15 cities originally included in the project. Cost data for Miami and New

Orleans were not submitted. In the Summary Files, the remaining cities are often referred to by three-letter codes. In CITIES, each city name is preceded

by a code made up of the city's three-letter code followed by "II." The final

Index File, FUELS, is presented in exhibit 16. It lists the six fuels used by

furnaces, space heaters, and water heaters in the houses studied in this

project.

In each of the four Index Files, the values of the variables in the file are listed sequentially according to variable number. For example, in ARCOPT the

architectural options are listed according to option number. Thus, architectural

option number 1 is "REPLACE BROKEN GLASS," option number 12 is "INSTALL STORM

WINDOWS," and option number 13 is also "INSTALL STORM WINDOWS." Likewise,

looking at the listings for the other index files, it is seen that mechanical

option number 1 is "FLUE/VENT DAMPER," city number 1 is "ALBUQUERQUE, NM," and

fuel number 1 is "GAS." In the Data Files, the variables are all referred to

by these variable numbers, rather than by name.

5.11.2 Data Files

The second type of file is the Data File. This type of file lists the cost

data in formated form, with much of the data given by numerical codes. Since

it contains formatted numerical data with no headings, it is the best suited of

the three types of files for use in conducting further computer analyses.

For each city, there are two classes of Data Files and two files of each class.

Exhibit 17 shows the four Data Files for a city, the class of each, and what

type of data is contained in each. The first class gives cost data for a city

categorized by option, and the second gives data categorized by house. For

Fargo, for example, the two files in the first class are FARARC and FARMEC and

the two in the second class are FARHARC and FARHMEC (for any other city the

file names are the same except that the particular city's three-leter code is

substituted for "FAR").

FARARC and the equivalent files for the other cities contain architectural cost

data grouped by option. For each option there is a line indicating the option

number and labor type. The option line has a zero, the option number, and the

labor type code (1 for in-house, 2 for contracted) with each value followed by one blank space. Each option line is immediately followed by lines containing

the cost data for the houses in which the option was installed, one line for

each house. For attic insulation options, each house line gives the house

number, job size, R-value added, labor cost, materials cost, and total cost,

each value followed by one blank space. For all other options, a house line

90
EXHIBIT 13

LISTING OF COST DATA INDEX FILE "ARCOPT"

"REPLACE BROKEN GLASS", "SF"

"RESET GLAZING", "LF"

"REPLACE THRESHOLDS ","LF"

"SEAL STRUCTURAL CRACKS", "LF"

"WEATHERSTRIP WINDOWS" , "LF"

"CAULK WINDOWS ","LF"

"WEATHERSTRIP DOORS", "LF"

"CAULK DOORS ","LF"

"WEATHERSTRIP ATTIC HATCH", "LF"

"CAULK WINDOWS AND DOORS ","LF"

"WEATHERSTRIP WINDOWS AND DOORS", "LF"

"INSTALL STORM WINDOWS ","SF"

"INSTALL STORM WINDOWS" , "SF"

"INSTALL STORM DOORS ","SF"

"INSTALL TRIPLE GLAZING" , "SF"

"INSTALL TRIPLE GLAZING" , "SF"

"INSULATE BASEMENT WALLS WITH CELLULOSE" , "SF"

"INSULATE BASEMENT WALLS WITH FIBERGLASS BATTS","SF"

"BASEMENT HIGH R SHEATHING & FIBERGLASS BATTS","SF"

"INSULATE BASEMENT WALLS WITH UF FOAM","SF"

"INSULATE CRAWL SPACE WITH STYROFOAM" , "SF"

"INSULATE CRAWL SPACE WITH UF FOAM","SF"

"INSULATE FLOOR JOISTS WITH FIBERGLASS BATTS","SF"

"INSULATE RIM JOISTS WITH FIBERGLASS BATTS","LF"

"INSULATE RIM JOISTS WITH UF FOAM" , "LF"

"INSULATE RIM JOISTS WITH CELLULOSE" , "LF"

"INSTALL FOUNDATION VAPOR BARRIER" , "SF"

"INSTALL FOUNDATION VENTS", "SF"

"INSULATE WALLS WITH CELLULOSE" , "SF"

"INSULATE WALLS WITH CELLULOSE" , "SF"

"INSULATE WALLS WITH UF FOAM","SF"

"INSULATE WALLS WITH FIBERGLASS" , "SF"

"INSULATE ATTIC WITH ROCK WOOL" , "SF*R-VAL"

"INSULATE ATTIC WITH CELLULOSE" , "SF*R-VAL"

"INSULATE ATTIC WITH CELLULOSE" , "SF*R-VAL"

"INSULATE ATTIC WITH FIBERGLASS" , "SF"

"INSTALL ATTIC VENTS", "SF"

"MISCELLANEOUS CONDUCTION OPTIONS","**"

91
EXHIBIT 14

LISTING OF COST DATA INDEX FILE •MECOPT'

"FLUE /VENT DAMPER"

"FLUE/VENT RESTRICTOR"

"ELECTRONIC IGNITION"

"TWO-STAGE GAS VALVE"

"DERATE FURNACE"

"REPLACE BURNER"

"REPLACE FURNACE"

"INSULATE DUCTS/PIPES"

"RADIATOR REFLECTOR"

"SET-BACK THERMOSTAT"

"INSTALL AQUA BOOSTER"

"NO OPTION"

"INSULATE WATER HEATER"

"REPLACE WATER HEATER"

"REDUCE TEMPERATURE OF WATER HEATER*

"SHOWER FLOW RESTRICTOR"

"TIMER ON WATER HEATER"

"OVERFLOW PIPE FOR RELIEF VALVE"

"REPAIR WATER HEATER"

"HOT WATER HEATER THERMOSTAT"

"FLUE DAMPER WATER HEATER"

EXHIBIT 15

LISTING OF COST DATA INDEX FILE 'CITIES'

ALBII, Albuquerque NM

ATLII, Atlanta GA

CHAIICharleston SC

CHIII, Chicago IL

CSPII, Colorado Springs CO

EASII , Easton PA

FARII

MIAII

Fargo ND

, Miami FL

MSPII, Minneapolis/St

Paul MN

NORII

, New Orleans LA

OAKII , Oakland CA

PORTI

, Portland ME

STLII , St. Louis MO

TACII,, Tacoma WA

WASH J

, Washington DC

92
EXHIBIT 16

LISTING OF COST DATA INDEX FILE "FUELS'

"GAS"

"ELEC."

"OIL"

"BOTL.GAS'

"KERO."

"WOOD"

FORMATS OF

EXHIBIT 17

'CITY" DATA FILE NAMES

Classes

DATA TYPE

Architectural Options Mechanical Options

1: Data Organized

by Option Type

[CTC]ARC [CTC]MEC

2: Data Organized

by House

[CTC]HARC [CTCJHMEC

gives the house number, job size, labor cost, materials cost, and total cost,

each value followed by one blank space. If the labor or materials cost was not

reported for a house, the unknown cost was entered as zero as a flag value. If

the job size was not reported, it was coded as 1. Exhibit 18 shows a section

of FARARC giving cost data for architectural option number 15, "INSTALL TRIPLE

GLAZING." There were 13 houses in Fargo to which this option was applied.

The second Data File for Fargo in the first class is FARMEC. It contains cost

data for mechanical options. For each option there is a line indicating option

type. It is made up of a zero, one blank space, and the option number.

Immediately following the option line are lines giving cost data for the house

in which the option was installed, one line for each house. Each house line

has the house number, the fuel type code, the labor type code, and the total

cost, each value followed by blank space. Exhibit 19 shows a section of

FARMEC, giving cost data for one mechanical option number 10, "SET BACK THERMOSTAT." There were nine houses in Fargo to which this option was applied.

The first Data File for Fargo in the second class is FARHARC. It contains

architectural cost data categorized by house. In FARHARC, there is one line

for each option installed in each house. Each line gives the house number,

option number, cost per job size, job size, and total cost. If the job size was not reported, it was coded as 1, which has the effect of making unit cost

equal to the total cost. Each value in the line is left-justified in a field

of 15 spaces. All lines for the same house are grouped together, and there is

a blank line separating sets of lines for different houses. Exhibit 20 shows a section of FARHARC, giving cost data for houses 6 and 10 in Fargo.

93
The other Data File categorizing cost data for Fargo by house is FARHMEC, which

stores mechanical cost data. Each line contains a house number, option number,

total cost, and fuel type number. Each value is left- justified in a field of

15 spaces. All lines for the same house are grouped together, followed by a blank line to set one house off from the next. Exhibit 21 shows a section of

FARHMEC, giving cost data for houses 6 and 10 in Fargo.

Note that some cities had no mechanical work done, and thus have neither a [CTC]MEC file nor a [CTC]HMEC file.

EXHIBIT 18

SAMPLE LISTING FROM "FARARC"

15 2

5 93 50.00 48.64 151.82

32 153 114.00 80.27 273.56

27 96 30.00 52.73 182.15

25 168 58.00 87.88 269.91

15 113 34 59.68 186.04

30 133 57.6 76.37 230.62

35 60 21.53 31.75 100.86

10 91 41.59 12.31 92.4

11 190 89.58 99.44 352.14

36 69 33.61 39.41 118.65

17 86 58 49.53 198

2 95 58 52.53 216

6 139 65.51 72.87 234.13

EXHIBIT 19

SAMPLE LISTING FROM "FARMEC"

10

5 11 54.17

30 1 1 54.17

32 1 1 54.17

2 1 1 54.17

17 1 1 54.17

10 3 1 54.17

11 3 1 54.17

25 3 1 54.17

6 3 1 54.17

94
EXHIBIT 20

SAMPLE LISTING FROM "FARHARC

6 5

6 15

6 31

6 34

6 6

6 8

6 9

6 7

6 21

10 5

10 7

10 15

10 31

10 34

10 6

10 8

10 9

10 38

6 7

6 10

6 13

6 17

10 7

10 10

10 13

10 17

.4 198 80.87

1.68 139 234.13

.58 848 495

.24 690 170

.22 198 43.20

.13 34 4.50

.84 8 6.77

.69 32 22.18

1.56 288 449.92

.92 119 109.6

.59 37.3 22.18

1.01 91 92.4

.54 864 470.77

.25 729 184.23

.27 119 32.4

.13 34 4.50

.84 8 6.77

1.05 268 282.00

EXHIBIT 21

SAMPLE LISTING FROM "FARHMEC"

1265 3

54.17 3

19.5 3

65.07 3

1170 3

54.17 3

19.5 3

65.07 3

95
5.11.3 Summary Files

The third type of file is the Summary File. The Summary Files are all derived

from the data Files, with the exception of the House Summary Files, which

incorporate some additional information about the data.

The House Files contain basically the same information as the Data Files, but

all costs for a house, both for architectural and mechanical options, are in

the same file, and some of the work, done is more fully described. There is one file for each house in the project, and the cost data are grouped according to

option class (i.e., infiltration; conduction; and mechanical systems, broken

down into "furnace options" and water heating options). The unit and total

costs are given for each option, subtotals are given for each option class, and

a grand total is given for all work done on the house. Exhibit 22 is one of

the House Files, FARIIFIO.

In the House Files the option descriptions were expanded in several ways. When

costs for two options were reported in such a way that they were inseparable

between options, to avoid double counting, the data were recorded as a cost

for only one of the two options in the Data Files. In the House Files, the

option heading indicates that the cost is for both options. Also unlike the

Data Files, when the job size is unknown, the unit cost is not set equal to

total cost in the House Files. Instead, a row of asterisks appears in the

unit cost column. A third difference between House Files and Data Files is

that when it was known that the cost data received were estimated, an "E" was entered after the estimated cost in the house file. However, since the estimations were done by the project managers at the sites, they should be fairly

accurate, A final difference is that when work was done that could not be

fitted into any specific option type listed in the options Index Files, it was reported in the Data Files as miscellaneous work, but listed in the House File

under its full description.

The House File names are composed of the city's three-letter code, followed by

"IIF," followed by the house number. For example the House File in figure 10,

FARIIFIO, is the file for house number 10 in Fargo.

A second type of Summary File is the Option/City File, which gives summary

statistics for the costs for each architectural option in each city. For most

options, each file reports labor type, the number of houses in which the option

was installed, and the minimum, maximum, mean, and median of: job sizes, unit

labor costs, unit materials costs, unit overhead costs, and unit total costs

reported for the houses in that city. It also gives the mean total cost and

standard deviation, both weighted by job size. For attic insulation options,

the information given in the Option/City File is slightly different. It includes

the minimum, maximum, mean and median of the R-value added, and the mean total

cost and standard deviation are weighted by both R-value and job size. Exhibit

23 shows an example of one of these files, this one called FARIIA5. This and

all other Option/City File names were constructed by taking the city's threeletter code, and adding "IIA" and the option number. Thus, the name FARIIA5

Indicates t^iat the file gives summary statistics for the cost of weatherstripping

windows in Fargo. When both types of labor were used to install an option in

96
EXHIBIT 22

SAMPLE "HOUSE" FILE OF COST DATA

FARGO ND HOUSE NUMBER 10

INFILTRATION OPTIONS

:——======:=======

UNIT

============

============

OPTION

COST COST

WEATHERSTRIP WINDOWS $.92/LF $109.60

CAULK WINDOWS $.27/LF $32.40

WEATHERSTRIP DOORS $.59/LF $22.18

CAULK DOORS $.13/LF $4.50

WEATHERSTRIP ATTIC HATCH $.84/LF $6.77

TOTAL INFILTRATION COST ==================================

$175.45

CONDUCTION OPTIONS

INSTALL TRIPLE GLAZING

INSULATE WALLS WITH UF FOAM

INSULATE ATTIC WITH CELLULOSE

INSULATE BASEMENT WALLS WITH

THERMAX BOARD

TOTAL CONDUCTION COST

FURNACE OPTIONS

REPLACE FURNACE

SET-BACK THERMOSTAT

TOTAL FURNACE COST

HOT WATER HEATING OPTIONS

INSULATE WATER HEATER

TIMER ON WATER HEATER

TOTAL HOT WATER COST

UNIT

COST

$1.01/SF

$.54/SF

$.25/SF

$1.05/SF

OPTION

COST

$92.40

$470.77

$184.23

$282.00

$1029.40

OPTION

COST

$1170.00

$54.17

$1224.17

OPTION

COST

$19.50

$65.07

$84.57

TOTAL WEATHERIZATION COST $2513.59

97
EXHIBIT 23

SAMPLE OF OPTION/CITY SUMMARY COST DATA FILE

FARGO ND

WEATHERSTRIP WINDOWS

WORK DONE UNDER CONTRACT

11 JOBS REPORTED

SUMMARY STATISTICS

MIN MAX MEAN MEDIAN

JOB SIZE(LF) 75.0 261.0 163.9 187.0

LABOR($/LF) 0.053 0.159 0.121 0.124

MATERIAL($/LF) 0.038 0.399 0.128 0.111

OVERHEAD($/LF) 0.101 0.384 0.182 0.163

TOTAL($/LF) 0.200 0.921 0.430 0.408

TOTAL COST STATISTICS WEIGHTED BY JOB SIZE

MEAN($/LF)

================

= 0.429 STD DEV($/LF) = 0.143

different houses in a city, there are separate files for the two labor types,

the names of the files differing by option number. All options for which this

could happen were given two option numbers.

It should be noted that reference [3] has in it a set of these files. However,

the data base currently includes some data not available when the report was written, since some of the current cost data were collected after the report was written. Reference [3] used cost data collected up to January, 1980, in

its data base, so some Option/City Files have changed since they were printed

in that report.

Some of the Option/City Files report no statistics for labor, materials, and

overhead costs, since some of the cost data have no such breakdowns. Also,

unless job size (and R-value) was reported for every house in which an option

was installed that Option/City File was not created.

The third and final type of Summary File is the Combined Options File. It

presents summary statistics about the cost data collected for each option in

the whole project. There is one such file for architectural options, SCAII,

and one for mechanical options, MECDO.

98
In SCSAII, each architectural option name is listed, followed by summary

information about costs in each city. For each city there is a line giving the

number of houses worked on, the mean job size, the mean cost per job size, and

the coefficient of variation. Exhibit 24 shows a section of SCSAII for

architectural option number 1, "REPLACE BROKEN GLASS."

In MECDO, each mechanical option name is listed, followed by summary information

about costs in each city, broken down further by fuels used by the space and

water heaters in the houses in which the option was installed. For each fuel

type represented in each city, there is a line giving fuel type, city code,

number of houses worked on, mean cost, and standard deviation. After these

fuel type lines, there is one line summarizing the costs for the option in the

whole project. It gives the total number of houses worked on, the mean cost

weighted by number of houses per city, and the standard deviation weighted by

number of houses per city. Exhibit 25 shows a section of MECDO for mechanical

option number 1, "FLUE/VENT DAMPER."

5.12 OCCUPANT QUESTIONNAIRES

Two types of data were sought by means of a questionnaire-guided interview of a responsible member of each household (generally the head of the household),

which were conducted near the end of the measurement period in May/June 1980.

These were: 1) information about occupant activities over the course of the

demonstration that might affect energy consumption (e.g., numbers and ages of

occupants, thermostat-setting practices and changes therein, periods of extended

non-occupancy of the house), and 2) occupant impressions of comfort and temperatures in the house in wintertime.

The data concerning comfort and temperature impressions (in weatherized vs. control houses) have been extensively discussed and analyzed in another report

of the demonstration [4] . The latter paper includes a reproduction of the

questionnaire used, so it seemed unnecessary to include it in this report.

Questionnaires (for most of the houses at a site) were received from all of the

final (12) sites except Portland. However, review of the questionnaires from

two sites (Chicago and Minneapolis/St. Paul) revealed inconsistencies and

inadequacies in the data that appeared to necessitate considerable editing and

"cleaning up" before the data could be used. Time was never available to do

this job. Consequently, the questionnaire data have been computer-entered, and

checked, for only nine sites: Atlanta, Charleston, Colorado Springs, Easton,

Fargo, Oakland, St. Louis, Tacoma and Washington (Hughesville)

.

The data were coded in SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences)-

compatible format, with each case occupying seven 80-column card records. The

data are recorded in a single mass file on disk volume CSAl , with file name

QUESTDTA. (It had been hoped to study the correlation of the subjective

questionnaire-reported comfort and temperature responses with the objective

physical measurements in the temperature stratification test data, which are also located on disk volume CSAl.)

99
EXHIBIT 24

SAMPLE LISTING FROM SUMMARY ARCHITECTURAL OPTIONS COST FILE

REPLACE BROKEN GLASS

CITY NUMBER AVERAGE MEAN C OF V

CODE OF HOUSES JOB SIZE

SF

CTS PER

SF

IN %

ALBII 4 15.02 322.62 118

ATLII 2 3.06 1147.96 38

CHAII 12 5.87 439.1 27

CHI 15 ***** 12492.49 71

CSPII 15 9.84 335.95 86

EASII 14 12.9 357.7 66

MSPII 6 16 800

OAKII 7 26.73 520.84 55

PORII 9 ***** 543.69 251

TACII 3 11.32 486.78 12

EXHIBIT 25

SAMPLE LISTING FROM SUMMARY MECHANICAL OPTIONS COST FILE

FLUE/VENT DAMPER

FUEL CITY NUMBER MEAN

CODE CODE OF HOUSES COST $ STD.DEV.

GAS CHI 11 109.08 50.98

GAS CSP 11 167.45 26.92

OIL EAS 6 95.36 9.25

GAS FAR 5 59.5 1.99

ELEC. POR 12 135

OIL WAS 4 260

SUM OF WEIGHTED WEIGHTED

HOUSES MEAN STD.DEV.

49 134.11 4.93

100
Considering, for a moment, card one of each case, the entry in column 80 shows

the status of the house vis-a-vis the demonstration sample: S, experimental

(weatherized) house; C, control (not weatherized during the demonstration);

and -, house dropped for one reason or another from the sample. In addition

to the houses so indicated as missing from the sample at the end of the demonstration, certain other houses had to be disregarded in analyzing the comfort/

temperature-impression data because: 1) insufficient data were provided, or

2) there had occurred a change of household, thus valid pre/post comparisons

were unavailable. These houses are indicated by a blank in column 79 of card

one. Those cases marked with an asterisk (*) in column 79 were considered to

have valid, useful data for the comfort study. This is not to say, obviously,

that the other cases may not have data useful for other purposes (i.e., when a household change took place, thermostat-setting practices, times of non- occupancy of the house, comfort and/or temperature ratings for the "after"

winter but not the earlier one). Availability of a completed Occupant

Questionnaire for a house is indicated in table 17.

5.13 INVENTORY OF MISCELLANEOUS DATA

The following table inventories the data that have been discussed in sections

5.4 through 5.12. Much of this information is available only in "hard copies"

in the "house" files. Exceptions have been discussed in the appropriate sections, and are reviewed here: 1) the numbers of air infiltration measurements

shown are taken from the files of "good" air bag tests maintained in "floppy

disk" files by Dr. R. Grot; 2) temperature stratification tests data for some cities have been recorded in hard disk files located on disk volume CSAl—for

others they have not; the distinction is shown in the table ("HC" = hard copy,

only); 3) occupant questionnaire data from Chicago and from Minneapolis/St. Paul

have not been computer-recorded; all others are in file QUESTDTA on volume CSAl;

4) for the options costs data, "Options Costs Summary" means there is a hard

copy printout of the one-page house/options summary in the "house" file; the

complete (raw and summarized) options costs data is on disk volume C0S2, and

is not Inventoried in this paper.

101
4-) CO CO >^ 1 (U C V4 1 4=

•H

CO 4JCO 1

/'-v 4-1 CO

M 1 • CJ a 3 1 /—

•H

u CO 1 (U V4

PI

U

CO 1 XI Q) <U 1 e iH U 1 tH ^ 0) • 1 •H 1 >-i ^w^ ex 4-) CO 1 2; 3 CO C 1 M 15 TJ CU 1 U J-4 3 •H 1 CO C CO o* *J 1 M

IS •H ^ W OJ 1 1 1-1 ca CO 1 CO 1 <! N CO S-i >-i 1 w •H 43 i) bO >. 1 u ^ Xi ^ 1 (1) 11 H e a. 1 QJ ^ ^ U /"^ •H rt PQ CO 1 fa (U PQ CO 1 :s >w^ •H

CO 11 •M 1 1 c 4J >> 1 v_^ <! « 1 < <u 9 1 H CO <4-l 1 <fl ;3 •H ffi 1 • 4-1 j= a. CO H 1 CO • ^4 CO 1 !=> hJ TS CU 4-) H 1 (U H CO • W H

!z;

4-1 •H

0) •

4-1 ! M-l 1 hJ u < 1 w >-i •

II rH • w •H U 1 M /—s T3 M-l S 1 s <U C Q 1 v»/ ^ •H • l»^ fa CD • t-l • CU V4 CO U-l 1 <u 4S •H (U (U I M >< CO <3 IS CQ 1 iJ p:J S %

4J 4J ^ • H g c c 1 M (UCO

CO •H CO s 1 ^ (U J2 u • H a

4-) CO 134-1 1 U-l 1 <d 1 v^ 4-1 CD

0) 3 4J « 43 (U 43 C CD M-( 1 S c CO <U 1) 1 3 •> fa H CQ 1 C TS

II ^M >

•H •CO /-> (U 4-1 1 9 • ^ CD 1 4-J 1 (U !>^ 1 4-1 1 e a p CO 1 < 1 V—< • CD •H q; J2 4-1 • 4J u CO MH 1 CO •H CU <U OJ 1 U CO 2 H PQ 1 4J c

iH c —

4-1 •H • c m tH to • I (U a 4-1 9 d U 1 CO •H CO bO (U 1 (U CU TJ S CO 1 V4 3 rH •H d) 1 a< c CD* w Q Q 1

II II II • ! X •K <a> iZ 1 U 1 H 1 U 1

ixjxxxxxxxxxixixixxxi xxY

\X\XXXXXX\XXXXX\ IXIX IXX

XIXXXXXIXXXIXI I I IXI I

i-Hllllli-ICSCSCSI I cNlcnii O CD

XXXX\XXXXXXXXXX\ I I IX I I

.-^,-^,-l,-l|,-^l-l,-l>-l|r-l|tM|.-l j | | I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 11

r->.r~-.c»r^r-.r^oor^oooovoooc3or^oo I I r->vooo ^oor^

vo-^r-^LommfOfn^tmv]- <f <ri.—iin<f

CM

CMCOi-inc-JfO.-li-ICM.-l^>JD^\£)CMI |CvJi-IOO r-ll-^r^

I—I I e4«Mr-irH,-icMr-icM.-HCNCMCMevj I i-nr^i-HCsi csr-ics X I X Ps X rS X ?S C^' kS X ^ X rS X I kS I ?s X I IXXI I iXc-XiXXXXIc-'XXX Xe^'c- X X

XXXXIXXXXXXXXXXI I I XX XXX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX<>-XXXX XXX

fO•<f^-lCMOCMfOLO^^OOr-^CMCOOOO^O.-^C^!<rvD rHCMLO

OOr-ir-ics(McscsieMfvifOcofnenfn-^>d->^-Nj--* 000

WWWWWWWMWWWWfaWWCdIilWWW hJiJiJ p3MeQPQ3apgpQffl«pi3pqpQ«pciPQPQ««pqpq HHH

102
Tl IXXiXIXXJIXXXX! XXXIXXXXIXIXXIXXIXXXX

XXI IXIXXXXIXXX XXXIXI IXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

I I I I I I I I I I I X X I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I

ICMI I |r>4|CN|«N| ICSJ.-t |i-l.-<l.-li-l.-li-l|CM|.-l| |i-l<N|CSi-ICMi-l

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

o

u

I St 00 1^ o^vOLr| r^ooo> r-.Lnmi—i vo ooo \Oi—i OvOvoon

II I I I CM CM ,—1 ,—1 ,-1 CM I II I r-l I r-l I I woo o u u

PQ ooasi-i|vOr-ir-i>-imo-*l l l N^cM^ooicMCMCMr-sfoosf^ON-^csini-icMcncn

<3 1—

I

1—1 H

CNJCMCSi-lf-ICM I CMCM.-li-lr-(i-ICM cnfO«*eSvf-*«d-Nd-CM-srcM«^CSCM«d--*CN<t<J-<t-*

X X X X ks X ?s

e^. e^. e>- e^« e^. c^- | e^- e^. is- e^. c^- c<. e^- X c^- c^- X e^- e^* c- c^- X <^* X "^^ X X «>- e^- X e^* «^' e^* e^*

+ + XX I XXXXXXXXXXX Xc-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXI I XXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

XXI I IXIXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXIXXXXXXXX

f-lcMvor^o^Ol-^c^^como^o>-lCM I-lCMfO•<l•ooc^voooo^Or-lc^Jc<^<rmr>.oofOO^c^^«*

i-li-li-li-li-ICMCVJCMCMCMCMfOCOfO OOOOOOi-lr-l,-ICMeMCMCMCMCMeSCMCOCO.<r-jJ103
XX ixTxxxxxxxTxxi iTxixi ixi ixx TTTxTT

XX I i<SJGJ<SJ(S><SJ(Si(S)<SJ(SJ<SJ<SJ\ \ <SJ (SJ \ <SJ I l<5^l ICS;(& XXXJXXX

XI IIIXIIXIXXIIXIIIIIXIIXIII I I I X I I

llllllllllllllllllllllllll cosj-com^-*

I I i-HfHrHC0fOfOr-(r-iesfOr-ic>j(ni--ti-Hcsfni--ifOr-ii-ifni-irgcsicn i i i i i i

vOm llllllllllllllllllllllllll CM«*fOCM,-lCO

C NO 00 oo

I I cocovtr-ieMt-ico cocnescM cMCNjcMCMicocsicscn <y>

r^ I r-l iH

i-:i

I I en u

IIICO lllr-l IICSIIIIII

I Ii-<l I ICOl I ICMCOCNJI Ih^l I 1 |r-<COI«*.-lr-(

u u o o o \^y S_^ ^^ >_• ^^

iTi IT) cN »* o m

00-* i-<C>J|PJCMi-tr-(CN«CMCM|CMt-l|r-ICMrH.-ICM|i-l.-t|i-Hr>JCvJ cnfocncofoco

IXIXXIXXXXIXI I IXXIXI IXI IXX

<N. (>. X X I X X X I X X X I X X I X X I X X I X I I X X X e^. C-. C-. e-. C-. c^.

XX IXXXXIXXXXXXXI IXXIXI IXI IXX xxxxxx

XX xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx

XX llllllllllllllllllllllllll xxxxxx

c^ln^^ooo^^-^c^^«*lnvor^ooo^^^^co-*mvoo^OI-lcMfOlor^oo i—im^oi^ooo

OOOOOi-ti-ti-ii-ii-i,-i.-i,-icNc>icseM<N(NfnfnfncofOcocn ooooor-i

MMMMHMMMMMl-IMMMMMMMMI-IMMMMMM P^PliCXiPLiPmPm

104
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx^i xxxxxXxxXXxYxxxTxx

XXXXXXXX I X I XXXXX I X I XX I xxxxxxxxxxxxx

XXXXXXIXIXXXXXI IX XXIXXIXXI IXIXXXI IX

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

<n«a-«*aN<Mt-(cgcnaNi-teMco«3-coi-iescn voo^oooof^ooooooooooo^ooooooooooooo^

•* fo <] o >;r m

r^ pj«*i-iliHiHr^cMeM«MeMl|l|l| "^inio^so r^m m r«~in'-' min

u o o o

PQ fnfnfnf^rHlcoe^<M'-icn*^co<^«a-e*>ifn li-ilcM'-'Oli-<voa>»-iiH.-tcsjiol i

I XIX X XXX

p.. p.. p.. C" c-« e>-« c- e»« C" e>" c-- ^• e>" C" e-- c>-» C" I e>-« *•• | X X e^- e^* t" C" e^* e^ e^- | e^- X I I

XXXXXXXX I XXXXXXXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

105
><JXX!X!IX><1XI><JI I I I IXX!I IXXXXXXX I iTxxXXX

(SJ<SJ<SJ(SJCSJ<SJ<SJ<Z><SJ<SJ(SJ(SJ<SJ<SJ(SJ<SJ(SJ<SJ(SJ'SJ(SJ<SJ<SJ<SJ(SJ(SJ XXXX I X t X

IXXXIXXXXXIXI I IXXI I IXXXXXX I I I I I I

r-H.-l|i-H.-li-lt-l.-l|r-l| I li-H I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t oooovovf^r^rHso

C oo\D-<l-oo l<J--<l-ooo r-. O .-I o

in in r-H in CO 00 t-i 00 a> I I fO I I

r^ <fvomoo vocoivoc-i cs CM CM <i- in I I I en CO o o u o o u u U U CJ cocNfnr-(cnicst^t-i«*csi-(inr^in<)-infOr-i|,-ir^r^v£)oo<r vOvo<ri icocsvo

CnCMCSCMi-lf-lCSCM^.-(r-(CslrHr-l I i-(CM.-l I .-ICn|CMC^4CMCSCM CN|<t.-lrHi-li-li-li-l

X I I I I I I

C" e>- e-. c- e^. e^- c>- e^- e^» e^- c- c^- e>- e^- | e^» c^» e^- I e^. c^. e>- c- e>- e^- c^* X c- X X X X X X

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I XXXXXXXXXXXX I XXXXXXX I XXXX I I t I I I I I

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX I XXXX

i-(csico-*vooocoOi—icoinvDr^oOi—ifo>*v£»r^oO(yiOCM<rins£5 lnvoo^^-•o^vO00l-^ OOOOOO.-4CSCS<NCNJCMCMCM00C0C0C0C0mc0<f>d-<r<f«* 000<-lt-ICSCMfn

PMPMpLiPLipMPLiCMPLiCMpLiPLiPHPHt^D^aiPHpMPMPMPMP-iaiPLiPLiai i!4i^i4i4^i4i4i4

106
P^ PS ^ ?S I P^ u o o o u o

I xix;><xxxxx!xxx!xx!xx!xix I Ti TT Txxx

PS ?S ?S ?S I kS I I I I I I I I I I I I I I PS PS PS PS

I I I I ^^ K> Ky* S^ S^ K^ S^ K> S^ S^ K> S^ ts>< S^ I K«^ S/4 K^ K> •^ PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS PS I PS PS PS PS I I I X I X

llllll ll^ll'-ll<-ll>-l.-lll.-<l.-lllllllll I I I llllll I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

r^sor^in,-ivO llllllllllllllllllililil llll

d Cvj I CS I I o

u

I I .-I III I I I I u

PQ CO <t CN <t en 1-f O

I I I

CM (N I I I I .-< llllll I

I I e-. I I c- II i I I I llll

X X X X X X I I I p-. e^. >• (N. c-. I e^. c^. I | | | e^. e^. c- | | | | | | | (>. p- e^.

llll IXXIXIXIXXIXIXXIXXXI I I I I xxxx

llllll llllll I t I I I I I I e>- e>- e>- c^. e^' XXXX

xxxx I X I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I X I I

fn<fmvor^oo c^Jco>d^^o^Ol-^cMmvo^>.ooo^Or-^fomvoooo^OI-^c^^fO -ij-irivor^ fococofnoocn ooooO'-ii-i'-it-ir-ii-ir-ir-icMrgc^cNjcscMCMfnfncncn oooo

<3-^^-^-^< OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO HHHH OOOOOO P^P^PhPmP-iPuPliC^P-iP-i^(^P-iP-iP-iPiP>-iP-iP^P^PM(^0-iP-i CACOCOCO

107
o o u o o u

TxXXJX!X!Tx!XXX!XJX;X I XXX>J>^XXX XxTxXXXxTTTx

XXXXXXXXXXXXXX I XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX I XXX

I IXI I I I I IXXI IXI IXXI I I IX IXt IXIXXI I I I

lllllllllllllllllllllll CStl.-l|l|r-4|

t I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I I I I lllllllllllllllllllllll mr^r^LnvOvou-ivDOr-^r^vo

W si- C <scNi-H|ro cocseNj\Oi-tcs»nicsfn«d-cvistco-srin moo in<tcomi-t o

o

I I I I I II tlllllllllll r-r-i ^ <t \ en \ in o u o o

pg tH| I |CO|CSJiHCM|i-li-l«M|r-trH|CN|i-HCSr-ieNl eMO-)vOCO0000mcMiri>£)r-»(N

|i-l| |r-l| I I |i-ltH|.-l| I |i-4i-li-l|i-l.-(i-l fncv4CSCS-<fC0-*-<ri-lCMeNJSf

II I I I I I I t XXX X

t e^» I I e». I I I I e^« e^. t e^. I | | e^. e>- e<« I e^- e- p- «<• X e^- X

PQ «

pq PQ pa pa

pa PQ XXXXXXXXXX I XXX I XXXXXXXX XXI IXXXXIXI I XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXI IXXXXXXIX

I I I I I I I I I I IXXXI IXI I t t I I xxxxxxxxxxxx

Oi-i«!tmr^oofOooa^-*ooOi-te>4«3"voaNmvoo^*r>jfO «3r-^r^o^Lno^mr•*oomvOr-l

HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH C/5COWCOC/3cnc/3C/5«5WC/iC/3WC/5WWCrtWWWWCOW <<<<<<<<<<<< HHHHHHHE-iHHHH

108
o u O t3 t> XXI XXIXXXXIXXXXI I I

XXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

IXI XlllXXIIIXXilll

^11 i I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

I I I 0<f0c00f-^0l-l00^^-l01-l,-^l-l

vOvOvO lll|l|l|lli|l|l

C eg m

O 1-1 o

vOso oi*^vor^ \or«.r~»r^

I I fO !>» CO CO tM -^l- I I

I I u o o

/~\ /-N /-\ CJ o o

PQ coopo fncMCJi-(«*in<^cMu^\o»*mcjf-i<-< <i-ti-4 i-t iH ,-|,_|,-4

fOCJCM CNicoc>Jcn»-<cgncM»-tcgc>ir-ir-4c>)"*

X

X

XXX XXXi IXXi IXIXXXX

XXX I IXXIXI IXXXXIXX

XXX xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

cof^oo e>imvoi>^oOH*r^O«-'sft-»fnr^ooco

oooooN oooooc»jeMsr«*«*«*ininmvD

109
5.14 WEATHER (DAILY TEMPERATURES) DATA AND DERIVED DEGREE DAYS

To be able to run the "floating balance point" analysis program (see section

6.0), we had to have the capability of calculating cumulative degree days for

any balance point (i.e., base temperature). Since degree days represent a measure of the extent to which the temperature, on a daily basis, lies below

the "balance point" reference temperature, it is necessary to deriving degree

days for the balance point temperature to operate as a cut-off value on the

daily temperature range. In other words, degree days can only be calculated

on a day-by-day basis, with reference to the specified reference temperature,

from the recorded high and low temperatures for the day.

Tables (files) of daily high and low temperatures for each site (plus several

other weather stations, for comparison) were generated from raw weather data

tapes supplied by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). It should be noted

that the temperatures listed in these files are not necessarily identical to

the "maximums" and "minimums" reported on the monthly Local Climatological Data

sheets supplied by NCDC. This is because: 1) the NCDC tapes do not report the

highest and lowest temperatures recorded on a day, and 2) our "high" and "low"

temperatures had to be obtained as follows: The raw data tapes contain "3-

hourly" readings—the readings of many meteorological parameters taken at 3-

hour intervals. We employed one program to decode (from their special, modified

EBCDIC coding) the eight temperature readings for a day, and then another program to look through that list and find the highest and lowest temperatures.

Since the maximum for a day is unlikely to occur right at a 3-hourly reading,

it may well be somewhat higher than the "high" found by the program, and the

minimum may well be somewhat lower than the "low." Since the errors will be

in opposite directions, they presumably tend to cancel each other out, and

should not cause any consistent bias in the daily temperature ranges. (Both

of the computer programs used are listed in [6].)

For most of the weather stations, these files extend from January 1973 through

June 1980. Midway Airport (Chicago) ceased reporting weather data at the end

of December 1979, so we obtained data from O'Hare Airport for 1975 through June

1980, to cover the 1979/80 heating season for Chicago. (When "pre" fuel data

records for the Chicago houses were rerun against O'Hare temperature data,

most of the balance points obtained differed from the original ones obtained

with Midway data by no more than 0.5 or 1.0 F degrees. The year-total data in

table YTDDYTBL (see below) also demonstrate that the difference between

temperatures at Midway and at O'Hare is virtually insignificant.)

Although these files have a record length of only 40 characters, their size and

the frequency of use of any particular file made it inappropriate to maintain

them on a disk volume. They are recorded on a tape, using the Interdata C0PY32

utility, with a blocking factor of 100 records (so the C0PY32 parameter for

reading the tape is "40/100").

The files are named [CTC]N.WEA. For the weather stations that were not site

cities, the "CTC" codes are as follows: CHO—(Chicago) O'Hare airport; (CHI

contains the data from Midway airport); WNA—Washington National Airport (which

110
is geographically nearest to Hughesville); WDU—Dulles International Airport

(Washington); and BWI—Baltimore Washington International Airport.

The format of the files is as follows:

CTC MO DY YR HIG LOW

where HIG and LOW represent, respectively, the high and low temperatures for

the day, recorded in FORTRAN 13 format.

The discussion above has described how the daily "high" and "low" temperatures

were obtained, and why they are slightly different from the "maximum" and "minimum" temperatures reported on the monthly NCDC data sheets. The algorithm we

used for calculating degree days from the daily high and low also differed

from the customary one, and produced somewhat different—and probably more

accurate—results

.

The "standard" method for determining degree days for a day is simply to take

the difference between the mean of the high and low temperatures and the (balance

point) reference temperature as the (heating) degree day figure. If the difference is zero or negative, no degree days are recorded for that day. Example:

if the high is 70° and the low is 30°, the mean for the day is 50°; if the

reference temperature is 65°, 15 degree days would be recorded for this particular day. The daily figures are then summed to obtain the figure for the

period in question (month, year, fuel consumption period).

All of our calculations involving degree days employed a "modified" degree day,

obtained by dividing the day into 24 hour intervals, fitting a sine curve to

the high and low temperatures for the day, calculating "degree hours" as the

differences between the sine curve and the reference temperature, and summing

the 24 hourly figures to obtain the degree day figure for the day. Obviously,

the sine wave is likely to be a somewhat better model for the actual fluctuation

of temperature over a 24-hour period than the simple mean of the high and low.

Two types of tables of "modified" degree days were generated from the daily

high/ low temperatures file, and retained in disk files for reference: 1) A set

of tables named TDDYTBL. [CTC] gives, for the year July 1976-June 1977 and the

year June 1979-May 1980 (as they were generated before the June 1980 weather

data tape had been received), monthly total degree days for all balance points

from 45°F to 85°F (in one degree intervals). (These were generated for use in

the thermal load calculations part of the analysis, which was done on a monthly

basis.) 2) A single file, named YTDDYTBL., contains three tables showing, for

all sites plus the extra weather stations, year total degree days for all balance

points from 45°F to 85°F for: a) 1973-1980 (7-year mean, except where less data

were available, e.g., CHI and CHO)*; b) 1975-1977 (2-year mean for the period over which most of the "pre" fuel consumption data were analyzed); c) and 1979/

80 (in fact, July 1979-June 1980). These files are on disk volume CSAl. It

This table is printed as appendix C in the final report of the demonstration

[2].

Ill
should be noted that, at present, the 1979/80 and the 7-year mean data for

Chicago-O'Hare (CHO) are in error, due to a problem encountered in decoding

the raw weather data tapes from that site.

112
6. THE "BALANCE POINT" ANALYSIS AND ITS RESULTS

In order to compare the consumption of fuel for space heating of a house during

one period (say, before weatherization) with that at another time (say, after

weatherization) , one must employ some means to factor out the effect of the

actual weather that prevailed during the two measurement periods. If the first

winter happened to be abnormally warm and the second abnormally cold, more fuel

might be used during the winter after the house had been weatherized—but,

obviously, this would not truly reflect the effect of the weatherization.

What must be done in order to compare space heating fuel consumption of a house

in different years is to "normalize" the actual measured consumption—to somehow

convert it to a rate (e.g., "per year") for a "normal year", somehow defined.

The measure of "amount of coldness" in a heating season, against which one compares the fuel consumption in order to derive the rate of "normal" consumption,

is the number of degree days (as discussed above) in the year. What we actually

determine is the "consumption per degree day", and then by multiplying by the

number of degree days in a specific year, or the average number of degree days over several years for a "normal year", we can "predict" or estimate the actual

consumption for that particular year or a "normal" year. This estimate we use

as the "measure" of fuel consumption—particularly for a "normal" year, since we cannot wait around for a "normal" winter during which to make field measurements. Ideally we would use 30-year averages for the "normal" year, but 30-year

average degree days are not available for balance points other than 65"?.

The analysis method used to determine "consumption per degree day" in the

demonstration was based on a mathematical model that assumes that the energy

actually used for space heating is directly proportional to the amount of

coldness in the measurement period, measured in degree days. The implication

of this assumption is that, if we plot measured fuel consumption against

measured degree days, the points should lie roughly on a straight line.

The mathematical term for this type of problem is a regression analysis: One

regresses fuel consumption on degree days, finds that line that constitutes a "best fit" to the data points, and obtains three parameters: 1) the slope of

the line, referred to as the B^; 2) the Y-intercept (the Y value at the point

where the line crosses the Y-axis), referred to as the Bq; and 3) a regression

coefficient—a measure of how "good the fit" of the data to the straight line

is (maximum = 1.0), referred to as the R^ (usually expressed as r^ —the squared

coefficient of correlation).

In our "balance point" analysis procedure, the B^ has the meaning "consumption

(in whatever units we have entered the data) per degree day", and the Bq the

meaning "consumption (per day, by the way we entered the data) at zero degree

days"—i.e., whenever there is no demand for space heating. To be a bit more

precise, one should insert "average" before "consumption" in each of the above

expressions. Thus, the Bq may be referred to as the "average daily base load

consumption." If we have analyzed whole-house gas consumption, and gas is also

used for cooking and service water heating in the house, the Bq would be expected

to have some positive value. On the other hand, if we have analyzed the

113
consumption of oil which is used only to fire a space heating furnace, under

the assumption that some of the space heating load is provided for by solar

gains through windows and internal heat gains from operation of appliances and

from the occupants themselves, the Bq would reasonably be expected to be

negative.

The analysis of fuel consumption that was used in the demonstration was, in

fact, one step more complex than described above. It has been mentioned that

degree days are calculated with reference to some base temperature, that 65°F

is the customarily-assumed base temperature, but that other base temperatures

can be used, and may in fact be more correct for a particular house. Our

"balance point" analysis program let the base temperature, or balance point,

"float" from 45°F to 84.5**F (in steps of 0.5 F degrees), and looked for the

balance point (Tq) that gave the best fit of the data to the straight line (as

measured by the R^).

We had hoped that this analysis would, in fact, give us a statisticallydetermined unique balance point for a house for a measurement period. From

this, we came to refer to it as a "balance point" analysis. However, while

this seemed to work out for some houses, for others the analysis proved to be

too unstable as far as the balance point temperature was concerned: some went

off one or the other end of the balance point range (AS^F or SA.S^F—either of

which is hard to explain in terms of the real world), while with others the R^

shifted so little as the balance point changed that the "best fit" temperature

could not be said to be well defined.

Nevertheless, as long as the fit of the data points to the straight line was

good enough (as measured by the R ), we could validly use the B-,, Bq and Tq

obtained to project or "measure" fuel consumption.

The "balance point" fuel consumption analysis was accomplished using program

BALPOINT.FTN, a symbolic listing of which will be found on disk volume CSAl

,

and also in [6]. The required input to the "balance point" analysis program

consists of a set of consumption records in the format shown on page 27 (under

"Utility Data"). Note that, since each record, having a beginning and an ending date, constitutes a complete consumption measurement, it is not essential for the records to be continuous over the entire analysis period. The

absence of measurements for some time periods obviously reduces the amount of

data on which the analysis result is based, but causes no problem to the

operation of the program.

In the demonstration the analysis of space heating fuel consumption was conducted as follows. The main output of a balance point analysis run consisted

of 1) a plot showing the data points and the fitted straight line, using degree

days as calculated from the "best fit" solution; 2) a table showing the data

analyzed (the beginning and ending dates of each consumption period and the

associated fuel consumption), the total degree days for each consumption period

at the standard 65 °F base, and the consumption and degree days per day for each

data entry. (The actual plotting and analysis were carried out on the per day

figures, since for delivered fuels such as oil, kerosene and propane, the total

degree days for each consumption period would tend to be about the same, giving

114
no useable basis for analysis of fuel consumption against them—all of the

data points would lie close together, rather than spread out to form a line.);

3) a table containing a similar listing of the data, but with degree days calculated from the "best fit" balance point-i.e., the data that corresponds to

the previously described plot—and also listing the residuals (differences

vertical, on the plot—in the fuel units being used) between the measured data

points and the "best fit" line (the latter representing the projected consumption for that number of degree days); 4) a table that lists, for all balance

points from 45°F to 84.5°F, the Bj^ , Bq, and R , so that we can observe the

effect of changing Tq on the other parameters and the stability of the "best

fit" solution. (See exhibit 26 for an example balance point analysis printout.)

The program then went through an edit routine that discarded any data points

with residuals larger than a specified criterion—usually two standard errors

(S.E.) were used—and reran the regression. (This was done on the rationale

that one or two misreported, mispunched, or otherwise erroneous data points,

should not be allowed to contaminate the analysis result.) If any points were

edited out, the program would print a second plot immediately following the

first one (and labeled "EDITED"), and a second set of tables 3) and 4).

A one-line summary of each analysis run was also written (by later versions of

the analysis program) to the appropriate one of the site summary data files-

which are discussed below.

For all proposed houses for which 2 (or more) years (i.e., mid-1975-mid-1977)

of space heating fuel consumption data were submitted to NBS, we ran the data

through the "balance point" analysis program. As a selection criterion for

houses to be eligible for the program, we required an r2 of at least 0.9.

(This value signifies that 90 percent of the variation in fuel consumption over

various time periods is explained by the variations in degree days.) As can be seen by examination of the summary data files (discussed below), a remarkable

number of the analysis runs on archival data sets (i.e., ordinary utility meter

readings or fuel delivery records) produced R^'s of 0.97 or higher.

The results of the analysis runs (on both "before" and "after" data) are shown

by one-line summaries in a set of summary files. These are present on disk

volume CSAl, and are labeled HSBPTDTA. [CTC] . A CSS file, invoked by CSA1:PR2BPD

[CTC]" (see exhibit 27) will cause the specified site summary data file to be

printed on the high-speed printer attached to the Interdata system, with

appropriate headings.

A record in these files displays the following data: city code; house number;

fuel code for space heating fuel (see table 18, page 122) (if two are listed,

the first is the one analyzed by that run); fuel code for water heating (for

identification of co-use of fuel—this had to be entered manually, and is

missing from some records); a selection flag (discussed below); the beginning

and the ending dates of the period over which consumption is analyzed (in the

form MOYR MOYR, each in FORTRAN 12 12 format); a one-letter code for the type of

data analyzed (see table 18); then: the Bq, B^, Tq and R^ for the 'best fit"

solution; the Bq, B, and R obtained using degree days calculated from the

standard BS^F base; and, if the Bq's change sign between balance points 45°F

115
EXHIBIT 26

EXAMPLE OUTPUT OF "BALANCE POINT" ANALYSIS RUN

m

LiJ CL

o

z

o

-J

-J

cr®

WERTHERIZfiTION DEMONSTRPTION

FARGO, N.D.

FfiR 15

X MEfiN =49.72

X VPR. =19. UU

Y MEPN "1.77

Y VRR. -0.89

1q « 76.50

Bq «= -0.50

B] = 0.OU6

R«#2 = 0.9906

STD. ERROR =0.09

-Jo

I—I .

Q

—

20.0 —

0.0 uo.o 60.0 eo.o 100.0 •120.0

DEGREE DfiYS PER DRY

116
EXHIBIT 26 (cont)

•• DATA AhALYZEO ••

BASE TEMPERATuPf: 65.0

fuel: oil IH GALLONS

DATE TOTALS titi OAT

NU. Of

INITIAL FINAL FUEL CC. DAYS FUEL KCTU OC. DAYS DAYS

FAR IS 10/30/79 Il/20/7'> 36.1 7t6.5 1.72 236.43 37. *5 21

FA^l 1» 11/20/79 12/10/79 41.0 841.5 2.05 264.33 42.07 20

FAR li 12/10/79 1/ 2/eo **.3 1C21.5 1.93 267.15 44.41 23

FAR 15 1/ 2/80 1/22/80 50.3 1C6*.0 2.51 348.63 53.25 20

FAR 15 1/22/eo 2/12/60 59.5 1261.0 2.63 392.98 61.00 21

FAR IS 2/12/80 3/ 3/oO 50.7 1161.0 2.53 351.60 58.i»5 20

FAR 15 3/ 3/80 3/25/80 49.3 1C21.5 2.24 31C.bi 46.43 Zi

FAR IS 3/25/80 ^/15/80 25.9 551.0 1.23 171.06 26.^4 21

FAR 15 */i5/eo 5/ 6/80 5.6 197.4 0.?7 36.99 9.40 21

FAR 15 5/ 6/eo 5/28/ao 7.9 211.6 0.36 49.81 9.62 22

NUIScR OF POINTS- 10

FAR 15

THE FOLLOWING DATA MAS USED IN INTEKf^RETINC WEEKLY REAblNCS

MEIERS CODES 15

NOZZLE CHANCE DATE: / /

NTR. 6 CHC. OATE: / /

NOZZLE RATES:

HTR. 6 factors:

0.63/ 0.

1.00/ 0.

fiTR. 1/4/5/9 FACTOKS: 1.00/ 1*00/ 1.00/ 1.00

117
EXHIBIT 26 (cont)

• DATA ANALYZED •

BASE TEMPERATURE: 76.

coir STANOARU: 2.0 S.£.*S

fJELS OIL IN GALLONS

DATE 7CTALS f£R DAY

RESIDUAL

INITIAL FINAL FUEL DC. LAYS FUEL KBTU DC. 3»YS

I^AR IS 10/30/79 11/20/79 36.1 io2e.o 1.72 238.43 48. )5 -0.01

FAR 15 11/20/79 12/10/79 M.O 1071.5 2.05 284.33 53.57 0.11

FAR 15 12/10/79 1/ 2/80 4^.3 12ft. 1.93 267.15 55.91 -0,12

FAR 15 1/ 2/eo 1/22/eO 50,3 12^5.0 2.51 346.83 64.75 0.06

FAR 15 1/22/80 2/12/83 59.5 1522.5^ 2.83 392.98 72. SO 0.U3

F.AR 15 2/12/80 3/ 3/80 50.7 13S1,0 2.53 351.60 69.55 -0.14

FAR 15 3/ 3/80 3/25/83 A9.3 127^-5 2.24 310.61 57.93 0.10

FAR 15 3/25/80 ^/15/80 25.

7«»2.5 1.23 171.06 37.74 0.01

FAR 15 ^/15/80 5/ 6/oa 5.6 385.4 0.2 7 36. V9 18.35 -0.07

FAR 15 5/ 6/80 5/28/80 7.^ 393.6 0.36 49.81 17.89 0.04

H'JH3£R OF P3INTS118
EXHIBIT 26 (cont)

FUEL UHITS <BTU

TO BO SI tL**2 55 eo SI

^i.o 0.46 0.061 0.9446 0.2097 66.1 S.40

*t».5 0.4t 0.060 0.9472 0.2046 64.2 8.33

«6.0 0.45 O.ObO 0.9497 0.1997 62.3 6.26

1l6«5 Ci«44 0.059 0.9521 0.1V48 60.4 8.19

*7.0 0.42 0.059 0.9544 0.1901 58.6 8.13

47.5 0.41 0.058 C.95tt 0.1655 56.7 8.07

4d.O 0.40 0.058 0.9567 0.1810 54.8 8.00

«d.5 0.38 0.057 0.96C7 0.1765 52^9 7.94

4«».P C.37 0.057 0.9(26 0.1722 51.0 7.89

49-5 0.35 0.056 0.9644 0.1679 49.1 7.83

50.0 0.34 0.056 C.96t2 0.1637 47.2 7.78

50.5 0.33 0.056 0.9679 0.1596 45.3 7.72

51.0 C.31 0.055 C.9695 0.1556 43.4 7.67

51.5 0.30 0.055 0.9710 0.1517 41.4 7.62

>2.0 C.26 0.055 0.9724 0.1480 39.5 7.57

52.5 0.27 0.054 0.9737 0.1445 37.5 7.52

53.0 0.26 0.054 0.9749 0.1412 35. t> 7.4 6 53.5 C.24 0.054 C.9760 0.13a0 33.0 7.43

54.0 0.23 0.053 0.9770 0.1349 31.7 7.39

54.5 0.21 0.053 0.9780 0.1320 2ff*7 7.35

55.0 0.20 0.053 0.9769 0.1292 27.7 7.30

55.5 C.19 0.052 0.9 7*.6 0.1265 25.

a

7.26

>b.O C.17 0.052 0.9806 0.1239 23. tt 7.22

56.5 0.16 0.052 0.9814 0.1214 21.6 7.19

>7.0 0.14 0.052 0.9621 0.1191 19.8 7.15

57.5 0.13 0.051 0.9826 0.1168 17.8 7.11

5(».0 0.11 0.051 0.9834 0.1147 15. <t 7.08

5B.5 O.IC 0.051 0.9840 0.1127 13.7 7.04

59.0 0.06 0.051 0.9645 0.1107 11.7 7.01

59.5 0.07 0.050 0.9650 0.1089 9.7 6.98

60.0 0.05 0.050 0.9655 0.1071 7.6 6.94

60.5 0.04 0.050 0.9860 0.1054 5.6 6.91

61.0 0.03 0.050 0.9864 0.1038 3.5 6.88

61.5 0.01 0.049 0.9666 0.1023 1.4. 6.85

62.0 -0.00 0.049 0.9871 0.1009 -0.7 6.82

62.5 -0.02 0.049 0.9e75 0.0996 -2.d 6.00

63.0 -0.04 0.049 0.9676 0.0984 -4.9 6.77

63.5 -0.05 0.0^9 0.9881 0.09 72 -7.1 6.74

64.0 -0.07 0.048 0.9863 0.0962 -9.3 6.72

64.5 -0.06 0.048 0.9666 0.0952 -11.5 6.70

65.0 -0.10 0.048 0.9886 0.09*2 -13.7 6.67

65.5 -0.11 0.048 0.9890 0.0934 -15.9 6.65

66.0 -0.13 0.048 0.9892 0.0925 -18.1 6.63

66.5 -0.15 0.048 0.9ft94 O.0916 -20.4 6.61

67.0 -0.16 0.046 0.9695 0.0912 -22.7 6.59

67.5 -0.18 0.047 0.9696 0.0906 -25.0 6.57

6a. -0.20 0.047 0.9*i96 O.O'^Ol -27.3 6.55

6S.5 -0.21 0.0*7 C.9t<9S 0,0096 -29.6 6.53

69.0 -0,23 0.047 0.9899 0.0892 -32.0 6.52

69.5 -0.25 0.047 0.9900 0.0668 -34.3 6.50

119
EXHIBIT 26 (cont)

fUlL UNITS KBTJ

«.».. . «.—._—. —.M. .._—^—.•——»_

TO eo Bl «•? ss 00 81

70.0 -o.it 0.047 0.9901 0.0684 -36.7 6.48

70.5 -0.7b 0.047 O.9902 0.0001 -39.1 6.47

71.0 -C.30 0.047 0.9903 0.0678 -41.6 6.45

71.5 -C.32 0.046 C.9903 O.Ob 75 -44.

6.44

7^.0 -0.33 0.046 0.99C4 O.Ob72 -46.4 6.43

72.5 -0.35 0.046 0.99C4 0.0d70 -49.9 6.41

73.0 -0.37 0.046 0.9905 0.0869 -51.4 6.40

73.5 -0.3<» 0.046 0.9905 0.0d67 -53.9 6.39

7%.0 -C.^1 0.046 0.9905 0.0665 -56.4 6.3H

7*.

-0.A3 0.046 0.99C5 0.0664 -59.0 6.37

75.0 -O.^A 0.046 0.99Cfc 0.0b64 -61.5 6.35

75.5 -O.^ib 0.046 0.99C6 0.0b63 -64.1 6.34

76.0 -o.^e 0.046 0.9906 0.0663 — 66.6 6.33

7«».5 -C.50 0.046 0.9906 0.0862 -69.2 6.32

7?«0 -0.52 0.046 0.9906 0.0662 -71.8 6.32

77.5 -0.5A 0.04S C.990t 0.0662 -74.4 6.31

74.0 -0.56 0.045 0.99C6 0.0662 -77.1 6.30

7a.5 -0.57 0.J45 0.99C6 0.0bb3 -79.7 6.29

79.0 -0.59 0.045 0.9906 0.0663 -82.4 6.28

79.5 -O.fcl 0.045 0.99P6 0.0864 -85.0 6.27

SO.O -0.63 0.045 0.9906 0.08 64 -87.7 6.27

40.5 -0.65 0.045 0.9905 0.0bt>5 -90.4 6.26

81.0 -0.67 0.045 0.99C5 0.0865 -93.1 6.25

«1.5 -0.69 0.045 0.9905 0.0866 -95.0 6.25

dz.o -0.71 0.045 0.99C5 0.0667 -98.6 6.24

S2«5 -0.73 0.045 0.9905 0.0867 -101.4 6.24

43.0 -0.75 0.045 0.99C5 0.0868 -104.1 6.23

03.5 -0.77 0.045 0.9905 0.0869 -106.9 6.23

S^.O -0.79 0.045 0.99C4 0.0869 -109.8 bi.ZZ

84.5 -0.81 0.045 0.9904 0.0670 -112.6 6.22

LE&ST SQUARE FIT: FAR 40USE 15

X - DECREE 0*tS~BASE 76.5 f

y • FUEL

a^CNffALl - >-0.50 </-

eiSNBALI - 0.046 !«/-

SIANOARD ERfCK • 0.09 R**2

0.271

0.C05)

0.9906

120
EXHIBIT 27

* CSS file "PR2BPD"

* To print HSBPTDTA files (with heading) on PR2;

* Use first parameter (@1) to specify site/city.

*XDELETE CSA1:TABLEDTE.

AL CSA1:TABLEDTE.,IN,20

D T ,CSA1:TABLEDTE.

XDELETE CSAltPRDUMMY

AL CSA1:PRDUMMY,IN,100

CSAl : COPYA CSAl : TABLEDTE , CSAl : PRDUMMY , , 10

APPEND CSAl: HSBPTDTA.HDG, CSAl: PRDUMMY.,, 100

APPEND CSAl :HSBPTDTA.@1, CSAl :PRDUMMY.,, 100

COPYA CSAl: PRDUMMY., PR2:,, 100

* COPYA C SAl: PRDUMMY., PR2:,, 100

* COPYA CSAl: PRDUMMY. ,PR2: , ,100

DE CSAl: TABLEDTE ;DE CSAl: PRDUMMY

$EXIT

121
Code

E

F

Code

U

W

TABLE 18

CODES USED IN "HSBPTDTA" FILES

Fuel type

bottled gas (propane or LPG)

electricity

(for service water heating:

same as furnace—i.e.,

heated in furnace)

G natural gas

K kerosene

M natural gas

oil

P propane

Units

gallons

kWh

therms

gallons

100 ft^ (i.e., direct

meter readings)

gallons

1 ft^ (direct meter

readings)

Type of data analyzed

utility or fuel delivery

weekly readings

122
and 84.5"?, the B-j^ , Tq and R^ for the Bq closest to 0.0 (i.e., the slope

at zero base load, or assuming all fuel used goes to space heating); finally,

a set of codes (listed in the heading of the HSBPTDTA printout) showing what

weatherization options, by group, had been completed by the beginning date of

the particular analysis run. Note that an option group code enclosed in parentheses indicates that options of that type were installed on the house, but

were not completed until after the beginning date of the analysis run; thus

their effect may contaminate the analysis result.

If it is desired to have a print-out of the HSBPTDTA file with all consumption

data (i.e., Bq's and B]^'s) converted to kBtu, to enable direct comparisons

between houses using different types of fuel, CSS file CSA1:PR2BPBTU [CTC] (see

Exhibit 28) will produce such a table on the high-speed printer with appropriate

headings. The fuel-type code in column 8 of each record tells the program what

conversion factor to use to get from fuel units to KBtu. (Note that this CSS

file/program is presently set up to operate only on records "flagged" with a "#"

in column 12—see discussion below, on page 126. If it is desired to obtain

kBtu data on all records in a HSBPTDTA file, the HSBPDTA file can be edited

into a "dummy" file with the "#" in column 12 of each record, and PR2BPBTU run on this file.)

The results of virtually all "pre" (i.e., 1975-1977) data analysis runs are listed in the HSBPTDTA files. The only ones omitted from these files were runs resulting in extremely low R^'s (<ca. 0.20) —indicating either very bad data,

inconsistent occupant-use patterns, or that the fuel was simply not used for

space heating, thus did not correlate with degree days. Most of these "pre"

data were manually written into the computer, rather than automatically recorded

by the analysis program, as is true of later runs. These data were proofread,

but 100 percent accuracy is not assured, especially for houses that were not

selected for the demonstration sample.

As to the location of the original computer printouts from "balance point"

analysis runs: all printouts for houses in the sample should be in the appropriate "house" files; the printouts for "pre" runs on houses that were not

selected for participation in the demonstration should be in the "city" files,

in the section labeled "Balance Points."

Multiple analysis runs of either "pre" or "post" data were conducted for such

reasons as: 1) the initial submission of "pre" data was insufficient, so it was rerun with added data (we sought to have a minimum of 8-10 data points, over two heating seasons); 2) a relatively low R^ combined with a pattern of

negative residuals for one heating season and positive ones for the other

suggested some change in heating energy use patterns had occurred between the

seasons, and we split the data and ran the 2 years separately to try to ascertain the nature of the change; 3) original runs on Oakland data using an edit

criterion of 2 S.E.'s gave generally low R^'s, so most of these data sets were

rerun with the criterion tightened to 1 S.E.; 4) some mid-demonstration runs were made on data from Portland and Fargo; 5) with "post" data analysis, a run

on weekly readings did not result in a good enough fit, so the utility data was entered and analyzed.

123
EXHIBIT 28

* CSS file "PR2BPBTU"

* To convert BALPOINT analysis results to KBTU, and

* print (with headings) on PR2:

*

* Use first parameter (@1) to specify site/city.

* Use second parameter (@2 NONNULL) to evoke PR: copy, also.

** This version converts only (!) HSBPTDTA. [CTC] entries flagged with

* a '#• in column 8, and sorts the output by 1) house number and

* 2) beginning date of analysis period. (It requires the use

* of the SORT utility.)

$IFNULL @1

$COPY

*** CITY/SITE NOT SPECIFIED *** $NOC

$EXIT

$ENDC

XDELETE CSAltBPTDTA.TMP

AL CSA1:BPTDTA.TMP,IN,100

LO CSA1:BPTC0NV

ASl ,CSA1 iHSBPTDTA.ei ,SRO

AS2,CSA1:BPTDTA.TMP,EW0

ST

$IFNE 0;$CLEAR;$EXIT;$ENDC

XDELETE RS0RT.TMP;AL RS0RT.TMP,IN,100

$BUILD CSAl: RS0RT.CMD

RECL 100

KEY

5/2/A

15/2/A

EKEY

SCRATCH

SORT BPTDTA.TMP.RSORT.TMP

END

END

$ENDB

LO CSAl: SORT

AS 5, CSAl: RSORT.CMD

ST

$IFNE

$W ** SORT ERROR **

$ CLEAR; $EXIT

$ENDC

XDELETE CSA1:TABLEDTE.

AL CSA1:TABLEDTE.,IN,20

D T ,CSA1:TABLEDTE.

XDELETE CSA1:PRDUMMY

AL CSA1:PRDUMMY,IN,100

124
EXHIBIT 28 (cont.)

CSAl : COPYA/P CSAl : TABLEDTE , CSAl : PRDUMMY ,, 10

CSAl: APPEND CSAl :HSBPTDTA.HD2, CSAl: PRDUMMY. , ,100

CSAl: APPEND CSAl :RSORT.TMP, CSAl : PRDUMMY. , ,100

COPYA CSAl: PRDUMMY., PR2:,, 100

* COPYA C SAl: PRDUMMY., PR2:,, 100

* COPYA C SAl: PRDUMMY., PR2:,, 100

$IFNNULL @2

CSA1:UPPR

COPYA CSAl: PRDUMMY., PR:,, 100

CSA1:UPPR

$ENDC

DE CSAl: TABLEDTE ;DE CSAl :BPTDTA.TMP

DE CSAl: PRDUMMY.

$EXIT

125
When we came to making final comparisons of "before" and "after" fuel

consumption, selection had to be made, among multiple runs, of the "before" and

the "after" run which represented our best judgment of the measured fuel consumption. The runs selected In this process were flagged with a number sign

("#") In column 12 (Immediately following the water heating fuel code), so that subsequent analysis programs could operate on just these records.

6.1 NOTE ON CONVERTING WEEKLY READINGS TO CONSUMPTION DATA

In order to analyze consumption, one must, of course, have consumption data.

Meter readings are not themselves consumption data. They must be converted Into

consumption measurements. I.e., the differences between successive readings

determined.

In order to carry out "balance point" analysis of weekly readings data, a program called RWRITDTA.FTN was written to translate weekly meter readings into

consumption figures, and write them out in records of precisely the format shown

in section 5.2, "Utility Data". (A source-listing of RWRITDTA.FTN is located on disk volume CSA3 and can also be found in [6].)

In order to carry out this calculation, the program needed to "know" some things about the desired interpretation: Since, as has been described in

section 5.3, "Weekly Readings Data", there were a number of (possible) meters

recorded in a weekly readings record, the program needed to know which one

i.e., which field (or fields, in the case of multiple space heaters or multiplecircuit electric heating) to "look at." For oil or kerosene furnaces, where

consumption was to be calculated as the product of run-time and nozzle flow

rate, it needed to know the nozzle "size." If the furnace was replaced or derated, the program needed to know when, and the new nozzle size. For some other

meters, a scale factor had to be provided (e.g., Fargo at first reported water

heater gas consumption from standard 100 ft^ meters, then replaced those with

the requested 1 ft^ meters. Again, the program needed to know the two scaling

factors and the date of the change.

All of these necessary interpretation parameters were provided through a set of

site files named METRCAR. [CTC] , which are present on disk volume CSA3 (along

with the weekly readings data files). The data in and format of these files are

as shown in table 19, with each pair of fields separated by one space.

We anticipated having field-calibrated furnace nozzle sizes (flow-rates)

available for use in calculating "measured" consumption from run-time. However,

due to a slip-up in instructions to the field, these data were not collected.

The nozzle size information we had (as reported on the Mechanical Systems Tests

Data Sheets, see section 5.4) was, for the most part, obtained by field

personnel by merely observing the rating stamped on the nozzle.

To check the accuracy of these reported nozzle sizes, for those houses for

which we had the backup delivery data, we compared the delivery-to-delivery

consumption measurements with consumption measurements for the same time

intervals generated from weekly readings by RWRITDTA (using the reported nozzle

sizes). For some houses, the ratios of the two sets of consumption measures

126
TABLE 19

DATA LIST FOR METRCAR. [CTC] FILES

Datum (FORTRAN) Format Code

city code

house number

space heating fuel

water heating fuel

"meters" (i.e., field(s)) code

(initial) nozzle size (gal/hr)*

change date (MODYYR)

(new) nozzle size

meter "6" scale factor**

change date (as above)

new meter "6" scale factor

meter "1" scale factor

meter "4" scale factor

meter "5" scale factort

meter "9" scale factort

* In effect, meter field "2" scale factor—see exhibit 3, page 57.

** Meter field "6" contains water heater fuel readings.

t Meter fields "5" and "9" were available, optionally, for special uses—see exhibit 3.

A3

12

Al

Al

12

F4.2

312

F4.2

F5.2

312

F5.2

F5.2

F5.2

F5.2

F5.2

127
intervals generated from weekly readings by RWRITDTA (using the reported nozzle

sizes). For some houses, the ratios of the two sets of consumption measures

were consistently 1.0. We took these nozzle sizes to correctly reflect the

flow rates of the nozzles, labeled them "OK" in the METRCAR file, and used

them for the final calculations of "after" consumption. (We endeavored to use

the weekly readings rather than the delivery records for "post" analysis,

wherever possible, since this gave us more data points, thus a more reliable

analysis. Fuel deliveries tended to be infrequent after houses had been

weatherized, and for some cases we had less than the whole 1979/80 heating season

in which to obtain "after" measurements.)

For other oil-burning houses, the two sets of consumption measurements displayed

a consistent ratio—but one other than 1.0. We "adjusted" these nozzle sizes

(in the METRCAR file) by an appropriate factor so that consumption as calculated

from run-time would consistently match consumption as measured by deliveries,

considered them "calibrated", and labeled them "MOD" in the reference data

file. For houses for which the two sets of measurements displayed no consistent

ratio, or for which we had too little (or no) delivery data with which to

compare the weekly readings data, we labeled the house "UNC" (for uncalibrated)

,

and had no choice but to use the reported nozzle size for calculating consumption. Obviously, this necessity may introduce a scaling error into the "after"

consumption figures for some houses. It will be observed that, for oil (and some kerosene) burning houses, the entries for "after" weekly readings analysis

runs in the HSBPTDTA files show whether the calculation was made with a calibrated (or verified) nozzle size, or with a merely reported one. This is indicated by, respectively, the symbols + or - immediately following the "0" for

space heating fuel type (i.e., in column 9).

The meanings of the "meter (field) codes" that have been used are as follows:

'10" Use whole house gas meter reading (field "8"). Write "M" as fuel code.

13" Use furnace fuel meter (field "1"). Write "P" as fuel code.

'14" Use run-time meter (field "2") and nozzle size. Write "K" as fuel code.

'15" Use run-time meter (field "2") and nozzle size. Write "0" as fuel code.

'18" Use whole-house electric meter (field "16"). Write "E" as fuel code.

'19" (This constituted an attempt to use weekly tank contents, obtained by dip

stick, to calculate weekly consumption for gravity-fed kerosene space

heaters. Since the readings could only be recorded to the nearest 5

gallons, it did not produce usable weekly consumption data.)

Some additional "meter (field) codes" have already been written into

RWRITDTA. FTN to obtain such measurements out of weekly readings as: furnace

fuel meter (field "1") with different fuel codes written (i.e., "M" or "E");

whole-house gas meter (field "8") minus water heater gas meter (field "6");

combinations of space heaters or electric heating circuits (field "1" plus

field "4"; field "1" plus field "4" plus field "3"; etc.) with appropriate

128
fuel code written. However, the five described in detail above were all that

were needed to obtain "whole-house" consumption results for comparability with

the "pre" measures that were derived from whole-house data, and they are the

only ones that have actually been used.

When a "balance point" fuel consumption analysis was run on weekly readings,

the reference data from the METRCAR file that was used to "interpret" the weekly

readings was printed, as a check, at the bottom of the first data-listing table

of the analysis output. (See the second page of exhibit 26 for an example.)

129
7. "PROJECTED" YEAR TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION DATA

To obtain "normal year" fuel consumption projections from "before" and "after

balance point analysis results, a series of programs and operations can be

executed by a CSS file on disk volume CSAl. This procedure is invoked by

entering: "CSA1:FUELCALC [CTC], [Weather Station Code, if different from CTC]"

(see exhibit 29). Starting from the data in the appropriate HSBPTDTA file, and

processing only those records flagged with a "#" in column 12, this procedure:

1) runs program BPTCONV.FTN, to convert Bj^'s and Bq's to kBtu;

2) sorts the resulting output on a) house number, and b) beginning date of

analysis period, so that the "before" and "after" results for a house are listed together, in that order; and

3) runs program FUELCALC . FTN , which, using the B^'s, Bq's, and Tq's, and

looking up year-total (or average) degree day numbers for appropriate

balance points in the three tables of file YTDDYTBL, calculates year-total

(or "normal") consumption figures in MBtu. The formula for this calculation

is:

Q = (Bq X 365) + (Bi X DD-j )

The output of the program is printed with appropriate headings, and corresponds

to the sets of data in the HSBPTDTA file: i.e., totals are given for the "best

fit" results, the 65°F balance point data, and the "zero intercept" results, if

present.

130
EXHIBIT 29

** CSS file "FUELCALC"

* To: 1) convert (flagged) BALPOINT results to Btu;

* 2) sort the results by a) house number and b) "begin" date of analysis,

and

* 3) calculate and print "projected" year total fuel consumption, using

* degree days from table YTDDYTBL.

* PARAMETERS

:

* @1 ~ CITY CODE

* @2 ~ WEATHER STATION (IF DIFFERENT FROM CITY CODE)

* (§3 — "PR:" FOR VERSATEC OUTPUT, ALSO

*XDELETE CSA1:RS0RT.TMP

LO CSA1:BPTC0NV

AS1,CSA1:HSBPTDTA.@1

XDELETE CSAl: FUELCALC. TMP;AL C SAl: FUELCALC. TMP, IN, 100

AS2 ,CSA1 : FUELCALC .TMP

ST

$BUILD CSAl: REDIT.CMD

G CSAl: FUELCALC. TMP

CH/******/ , /OOOO .0/ , 1-

S*

DONE

DONE

$ENDB

LO CSA1:EDIT32

ST ,C=CSA1:REDIT.CMD,L=C:

$BUILD CSAl: RSORT.CMD

RECL 100

KEY

5/2/A

15/2/A

13/2/A

19/2/A

17/2/A

EKEY

SCRATCH

SORT CSAl : FUELCALC . TMP , CSAl : RSORT . TMP

END

END

$ENDB

LO CSAl: SORT/S

AL CSAl: RSORT. TMP, IN, 100

AS5, CSAl: RSORT.CMD

ST

$IFNE

$W ** SORT ERROR ** $CLEAR; $EXIT

131
EXHIBIT 29 (cont.)

$ENDC

XDELETE CSA1:FUELCALC.0UT;AL CSA1:FUELCALC.0UT,IN,120

$IFNNUL (32 $BUILD CSAl : FUELCALC . SCR

@2

$ENDB

$ENDC

$IFNULL @2

$BUILD CSAl : FUELCALC . SCR

$ENDB

$ENDC

LO CSAl: FUELCALC

AS2,CSA1:RS0RT.TMP

AS3,C:

* AS4,PR2:

AS4 , CSAl : FUELCALC . OUT

ASS , CSAl : YTDDYTBL , SRO

AS6,C:

AS 7 , CSAl : FUELCALC. SCR

ST

XDELETE CSAl : FUELCALC . TMP

XDELETE CSAl: FUELCALC. SCR

* XDELETE CSAl :RSORT. TMP

COPYA CSA1:FUELCALC.0UT,PR2: ,,120

* COPYA CSAl : FUELCALC. OUT, PR2:,, 120

* COPYA C SAl: FUELCALC. OUT, PR2: ,,120

$IFNNULL @3

CSA1:UPPR

COPYA CSA1:FUELCALC.OUT,PR:,,120

CSA1:UPPR

$ENDC

$EXIT

132
8. "STATUS" OF FINAL ANALYSES

As an aid to managing the final analyses of "post" consumption data, a computer

file was developed to record some key information about analysis results. Data

for all of the sites, in alphabetical order (by "CTC"), are recorded in this

one file, named STATTBLE., and present on disk volume CSAl. Some of the data

in the table (which is reprinted in this section as a set of site tables) are

of interest in evaluating the final results based on the "balance point" analysis

that are presented in the final report of the demonstration [2].

The first several columns in the table repeat information from the HSKEYDTA

files: house number; "status" of the house vis-a-vis the demonstration (see

discussion on page 7); fuel used for space heating; and fuel used for water

heating. The next three columns present data about the latest, or "best"

balance point analysis of "post" weekly readings data: the R^ (squared

correlation coefficient), number of data points and, for some cases with limited

"after" data, the number of months covered by the analysis. (Ideally such

analysis should cover an entire heating season and have a minimum of 8 to 10

data points.)

The next several columns relate to analysis of "post" utility data. "Needed?"

would be filled in "YES" if: 1) weekly readings were not available, were

insufficient, or produced an inadequate analysis (i.e., R^ of less than 0.90);

2) if the fuel was oil, so that the nozzle rate was a factor in calculating

consumption and analysis of the utility (i.e., delivery) data was needed as backup (see discussion in section 6.1); or 3) the fuel was propane (since we wanted to cross-check consumption from in-line gas meters on propane heaters

with consumption from delivery quantities). Succeeding columns showed: that

the needed utility data (had been received and) were in the computer; and the

R^ and the number of data points (months, also, in some cases) obtained from

analysis of "post" utility data.

The next column lists the percentage savings calculated from the "before" and

the best "after" balance point runs. Note that water heater fuel consumption

is not factored out of this figure, so for those houses that use the same fuel

for space heating and for water heating , these figures should be somewhat

smaller than those reported in the final report of the demonstration [2],

The next four columns indicate what categories of options had been installed by

the beginning of the analysis period, and thus are reflected in the "BAL.PT.ANAL.'

savings figure shown.

Once a "best" ( and adequate—in terms of R^ and length of time period analyzed)

"post" analysis had been obtained (or selected among several different runs),

that result was flagged in the HSBPTDTA table by a "#" in column 12 (see discussion at end of section 6). (In some cases it was a matter of having to choose

between a run after all options were completed but which had insufficient data

points, and a run with sufficient data points and time coverage but which over- lapped the installation of mechanical options, say, or of insulation of a flat

roof or some other "problem" option that was completed very late.)

133
For comparison, the last two columns show the savings as measured by two other

methods. (These data are reported and discussed in the final report [2], and

the numbers here may not be up to date.)

134
CO II ^

II

II r^ <t a\ CS i-t CO 00 vO 1-1 o II i-H t-H 1 r-l rM CO 1—1 1 Vl- hJ CJ II 1 ' 1 1 1 • M

CO CO • D o ^ • II O !S o o II 33 > §

II

II • iJ <d E-i Pm II CO O CO c

OJ o

f-i

Q • ^ rH ^ pa H II iH o H CO II 4-) rt CJ ^ M 2M

II

II

II o t>0 c

•^

O • o CO II -d -H • a H 2: 2: II iH o M & M o II CJ CJ U CJ o u CJ CJ u 3 d • • H O M II o o

CO

w <3

H II

O -H

M >—

W

Q O^ II

MM

H

MMM

M

CO • K pa • o II

M cu CO * >-i w w Pi H <U H h3 o o Pi o Pm • II •U 3

CO <: jz *z

U

H • ^II 0) CO >^ * 2 3 EH o ^

II CO

m \o r>. \o

O r^ CM in CO o -* e c

:^ ^ Cc sc <: <: ^ II r-\ 1 CO 1-1 1 <* in <r o u CJ s Pm PQ ^ II 1 1 CO y

<! o •H

Pm

H

PL.

MQ

wM> 11

PmO • orH

>-•

CM

r-H

CO60 <U

CO ^ 3

>^O

H

M & hJ Pi

H 1 • • II rH ^ ^ H * * M w

CO

g 1 O

IZ COH

II

II o <u • • s o P3 i

Pm II -d- r^ in in CO V-' rH

CO 5 * OJ Pi CO o o H to o >^ tH o M CS II <U 43

C>J h3 2:o *

fe

m PQ Pm

«^ ^ *

II

II cy^ c^ CO oo Oo O 5 M CO o <3 o O Q o < Pi II CJN CTi r^ rH rH c o ^ § H w W W 3 H >-l 4J ^

kJ * < EH

H CO

M <! < 3 w Q <: <J :=> H Q H II CO CO CO CO CO »4-l TS

H 1^ & IZ Z < • < a II pa ^ ^

pa fd CD o Ph * hJ M M J pa hJ Q M II >^ >-i >H e w W s s pa K M O CO E z & ^ ^ 13 H *H rH

CO

H « Pi4

HH Pm tx3 t3 1 e^« II CO CO CO CO CO >4M CU & CO :z Z O 1 W Q II O o O o pa pa o o ^ Pd o ^ o U

EH o : o O «s < 1 M pa II !a !z; S e^' IZ >-< !H s s P tH s s CO •< p^ * Pi o o CO P^ 1 § Q II 60 >^ H W H CO ^-N C rH CO H a 2: hJ • • /-^ •H -H E Fs« -K .^ o o » Pi hJ Pm o ^v CO TJ U O CO CO CO O < O s r^ I-l CO O * M M §

P:h Nw/ r-l \-y CU 4-) CO * H n ^^ Q • • O • CO

II

II 1—1 Pi

O

CO ^J EH Pm ; W CO S H II 00 CO vO i-H rH 00 00 rH CO o CO r>. >~.M-I

!=) * IZ S ^ • CO

O CM II t-H rH CM CM 1-1 Csl CM rM «sD CO CM CM rH CO CO W o o ij £D 1—1 ^ -H §* M o CJ <; CO a) 4-1 CJ H • 0) CO M • r ^ (H cs II o 12 CO pp ffj Pi • d * II o <a (h; b w M H H * II <1- CTl 00 rH r~>. T-* in CO vD C3^ so 00 CO C2J C3 H H Pn ^ Pi II as <yi <yi • • 0^ 00 CTi <Ti CT\ i-< CJ^ ON CTi CO Pm ^ • CO o » <3 ^ < ^-^ M hJ II pa pa O Pd O O o o PM CJ O pa fd

Oil

g §

PQ %

pa

C3

II

II :2 o O O S CO

Pm II o o CJ} pa o CJ5 C5

O C^ PmO o Ph Pd

«%

w

w

M • o rt PQ w o II iz: - • • Ed H EH

II

II CO CO +

CJ

CJ + X a 1 CO CO -KCO

O CO COX 1 CO CO CO

II II II

HO PmII

II

X * + S M •

1-1 pa • II rH CM in i-H CM vO I^ 0^

O rH CM CO in o> o r-( CM 00 CO o II

II

i-H 1-1 r-t T-t 1-i CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CO

m

CM pa II *^^ H It

J

ON II EH o CO II <

135
r^ o^ m iri vO CM CO

fo r>» 1-1 CM CM .-* (M

«* CM r-. tM

I rH .-I I 0^

OT

H *

iJ *

tH *

COo

in

OSo

Q a

e

ets K « o o o

"MM O M M Z t s

II R n X * +

O 3o —

>

ttJ H

U O W 2

O M

fa

wo«<

CO CUi H CO fa * H Z Z

fa O O < CO CO ^«.

o CO o

t MM

r^* .^^ g^

s * g^^ : td

• CO

CO WOO d ^ g* M y u <

M : : fa OS OJ ri fa bl U H H

» H H fa CO fa fa z •< -2

• CO

I M

I 1-3 <

I < Z

I n

fa o

o s

o to Z H

fa

It H

3 I e^' II

I u a n

I fa u n

I Z Q II J fa g <: o s

• O CO

CO z H

II

II

II fa II

hJ II U II a II fa n U II M n

e

CO

u • n CO o n a z II

3 a 3 s >.X S..' s^

OW O UO O CJU CJ UU CJ CJ

i-i(n.-iro fn.-ii-icSi-< (Ncsicn

i-( ^ in ro in o rH in \0 CM CM c^

I ^

«* •* m m \0 vo m -* 00 o o o>»voo r-tCN\oroin

fa fa p 3

zcocococozcocococoto

coeotococococococococo UMUCdUUUMCiJUb:

^Xioo<m^^-3•n<t•*c^^o

o o

OOCTicOr-itnooor^inov

cocococotowcococococo

UCrlC^ICiJpLlUtLlbJtLltUU >H>->-l>-.><>-l><5-l>C>l>l cococococococococococo

{SfMeMCNCSICSICSICMCMeM .-4CM(MC<ICMeMCvl

00 o in

CM CM CM

(SJ ^ <S> <&> <Z> <3j ^D ^ ^ ^ oD<Niror~-a-r~<j-p^ncM O^00O^O^00^O^O^O^C^

fatdUUUUI I Ufa

(S^ G> G^ ©^ ©^ S^ ^ S^ (S/ G^ vcr^oor^cM-^ON -*-<roo ^ O^ 0> 0^ O O^ C^ 0> r^ 0^ Ufa I U fa fa I U Cd W

3 fa O S

^fafafafafafafafafafa-^fafafafafa —.CMfafa fa

fa O. u

&

XCOCOOCOCOCJCOCJCOUXCOCJCOXCJCOCOXCOCOCO

CO CO CO CO

.-ieMdmcooNvooooNO.-i<Mc»^-*inr^oofooNCM<3-i~~a< pHi-i.-(cMcM«M<McM(MCMcMnm«a'-»-*«a'

c

0) o

1-H O 60 c

C

r-(3 C

O O O -w

kJ c

(U B

•u 3

(U cn e c

o

00 u

<000 (U

CQ '-v 3

>. o

cO 01 ^-'l-lo

4) £

CJ 3

toc o W u

3

o; e u

«

>- rH VM 01

l>l 0060 >^ C fH H -H T3 U

C8 O

(U XJ Oi U

>»u-i

i-l 05

01 J-i 0) « 3 to

<2^

136
en n

oo

<H

a

o

CM H

oM

H

CO

I

w * M

>> *

:^z « <z * o

MH *

z

o * oJ * M

b «

COo

CM -K

to « O

eo

04o

M

COI

z z

o

z

: CJO

O i^

to «Q O

w w

Z Z

O O

to CO %

Z S

Id O

M CJ O

fa OJ Cei to H W 3 H H

CO to to z <: -2

td W

PS Qj 0^ o o o

to to o n M Z : :

n n II X * +

cj o 2

CJ —

M N-- >u o

CO z

erf CO O M

toQ O

W Z

CO M

3 H

to [dCJ

CO to H CO 3 OS

CO o

[d to

0!! Q

: !d

• CO ^^

Z H

tdH

O

Z

! 5^ II _ . II iJ u n

M .^ O

> p3 OS

xi; H to COa

[d

o

z zo

M

H

to

• o

H

to •

• i-J hJ < < Z

pa <

<

z<

<

COH

toCM*

OS

1-3

H n CO n z n M II

II CO II

H

a I e-- n

t Cd Q II

I td Cd II

I Z O II

iJ to O

<C O S

• O CO II CO Z H II O to II O

OS CM n * II •K II pri II J n Cd II 3 II to II o n Cd II H II < II CJ II

CTn CM .-1 00 00 O •* r^ fvi vo o^ r~

r-l CM 1-1 1-1 i-t lO ft CM fn 1 CM

00 00

r-4 CM

CJ U CJ CJ CJ KJ U

3 3 3 3 3

s S S S 2

CJ CJ CJ CJ u

en O i-l ON \0 CM vO

r-l fl

ON

CO

CM -a- o

1-4 ON

CO CO

00o ON ON O

O ON

~3- o

00 <a- «»

CM ON en

ON 00 ON

1-1

I

CM CO

vO CM

CO CO CO CO CO gw CO CO

td td

COtd

>-

CM00

CO

td

CM 00

r~ ON

CO CO

td Cd

CJN ON

ON <•

CO sjo ON O On r-» O ON

1-1 ON

en

<r CM

00

r-4

u-1

o O ^

o o 00

f-i t-i CM CJN

td • II CO o II !zi z n Cd n

CO H

C3 0C30t5t3 CJCJ UC3 CJ OOU

CJOt5tSOCJt500000CJOOt50CJOOOOCJCJOC3CJOUCJCJC3

XXcoxXcoXcoco I coxxxcocoXXXCJcoxcoxxcoxxxcocox IICJCOCO COCOU IICO CO II IIU I

cO'^>rir>.ooONO«-icMro-*irivor>»ooONOcMn-»u-i\DONO<-<cMfOsru~ir^ooON r^,_i,_(r-irHrH.-ir-i.-ti-icMeMeMeMCMCMcMfOfnfncnmrocnfncn

137
COoZM

o:! COOoo

fn o H H

COO

COH

CO

CO -K M

<cz *

<:2 * OMH -K

Cl,

COO * u

Cd13H *

COOO

COHJ

=)CO

00

in

CVJ

cy^ o

COM

CO

<d

2:<d<

<:Qw

fd

CO3.O

•-3 OHO

CJ

C5

<: <: O CJ

<: =1

PQ CJO pa o >^ >|

li, « pa Q QHo H2O

Qi CJ CJ w o < CO CO H Cl, Pm o o

CJ o M : : fc OS Oi fa U w ^ H H

CO fa |JH z < <: w fa

Di pi ttJ o o o

fa fa

O CQ CQ

II II II X -K + OzMH<

fa

X.

aifaH<

faCJ

I—

>

fa

CO

oiO

faQ

faCOw

:3

fa fa<;

CO P-i H

CO

CO

oio

fa fa

oi

Q : fa • CO <Z H < < H H

Pu• CO

hJ <d

<C

pa fa Z CO

fa

CO

n

q o II < J n o < II J CJ II

COoz><

CO

CJ CJ H fa

Q

fa

H

H CO < Z

CJ

M z

COzo(—1 H• o H

CM • • J J <: < z

pa <:

fao <z

<:<<Q

Oz

COH

IXi CM

•K

Pi z» COQ

PtS >- CS II J * II !^ * II 2 OS II

covor>.<Nfnfn.-ii—itNCMONONOoinooiriin I

II

II -3- IIC^lCy^ ••<TCMi—isOOO<7^rOOOCOO\r~

II .-lOcNi—ii-t»d- fOCMi—iroco.—I «^

II I

vo tn 00 p*.

O r*. CO en fn ^ -«• m 5 2:2:2 352 S 2333S O OCJCJCJUCJUCJCJCJOCJCJCJOUCJ M MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

i-( CO,—(.—iiOr-icMmi-tcocMmevjm msj-«^«3-»nm I I H

:=» I «>-

II I fa Q II 1 w W II I Z Q II 0000000000000000 zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

^^ /-N /-s /-~\ ^-v ro ^^ ^N

St infO«d-v£)-^^st <r

"*>«. /-N /-V "-^ ^^ "^v.

O ""^ ''^. CO mt^r^oooor^t-4r^ v£) >_/ v_^ -^^ \_^ v,^ s_^ ^^ \^/ v_^ \,^

iT) i^ r^

m vD o-m-^-^^-sj--* o^«^i-"r-io<ri-i ^^

f—ir-ii—iin,—ii—i\o,—lON'-ii—It—(,—t,—(Onoo

a^ o

r^ ^OC3^000^00^ ON Q\ On on '*'^ ON f—< ON ON CTNC3NOLnoNONOoocor~»oooNmoNNO

OnONi—iOnonONi—iO^OnONi—iOnonOnonOO

000000 Z Z Z Z Z 2

>;f ^ in sr sr

NO r>. vo vo St r>.

V-<' ^^ >.• >.• S_/ 'w' \o "^ "*>. vo so m

--^00 ^'»^^^

00 «-t r-i ON •* 00

00 p^ ON r^ ON vO

CJN On On On O^ On

nO 00 ON fO ^» "^

ON On on On On ^

kJ II OOOOOCJOCJCJOOCJOOOOOCSCJCJOOO fa II 3 II fa II CJOOCJOCJOCJOOOOOCJOCJOOCJOOOO • O II fa II CJCJ + COCJCJCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO* COCOCOCOCOCO H II CJ CO <d II CJ II • fa • II r-iinv£>r-.ooo<—ifo<rr»~ocnsj-NOoO'-isrr^—ico-^r^ON COOII ,-l.-4i—lr-I^CSCMCMCMCSCOrOCOstSt<--*^

ffi Z II fa 11 H II CL. M II CO CO II CJ

138
CO II ^

II

II

O <J II hJ o II • wCO CO • !=> o 1^ •

II o !3 u C5 II 03 M ^ q II

O CO 00 CM 00 00 CM ON r^ -* CM 00 o > P(3 II (N 1-1 r-4 1-1 -* 1-1 1-1 r-l 1-4 I-l h4 <d H fa II O CO

PiH o • Z w H II /-N O H CO II [2 !3 13 S S & !3 13 :s :2 12 :3 :3 o A oM

2:MII

II

II

X S S s s s :s s

N.^ s M o • o CO II >w' • :3 H IZ Z II o M » l-l o II CJ> u CJ U u CJ U U o o o • • H O 1—1

II CO w <d H II M >»-' w Q fa II

M

M

M

MM

M

M

MMMMM

M

CO • a § • O II Ui * >< w w H M hJ o o Orf O fa • II /-N W < a 2 w H • ^

II

U

—. O 25 2: 2; /'-s o CJ)

>-' * 3 3 H CJ ^

II CM 00 CO CM 00 r^ 00O 1-1 <r r^ o CM CO 1-1 CO CO

hJ ^ pr* tn <: <: Z II 1—1

00 i-l 1-1 CM CO CO <! l-^ 1-1 ^^ 1-1 CO 1—1 < * . o o 12 fa PQ II v^

/"-N S ^ H H o W ^-s • CO O 2 2 z o —•

fa o /~\

— /-N /<—\ H Z * Ph ^ M M N—

1 O s ON in r^ r^ ^ o hJ CX4 o > 1 ^^ N-^ v-' v-/ v--* <! M < » hJ Pi H 1 • • II Cvl CO W * « CJ M

t3

w

CO

O

2: 1 • o COH

II

II <f in • • S o « 1

fa II •vf LO vO 00

OT » * od Pi CO o CJN >* H C/5 O 5H JH o M Csl II o CTi CM O *

fe « PQ fa

*S <! **

II

II «*

I-l -* r^ ^ oo W CO o < o O Q o <: Pi II CX3 1-1 00 cr. CO 1-1 iJ § H u W M s H r-^ fa P9 hJ * <: H H CO M <: < 1=) < w o <: < :3 H Q H II CO CO CO CO CO CO 2; CO CO CO H fn tD s Z <3 • < Z II w w W W fa w fa W w w O fe K hJ M M hJ W hJ o M II >-• >-' >< >^ >-< tH 2: >^ >-" >-l I . ^ ^

HI

MH

CO

H * Pm

HH fa fa tD 1 c^» II CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO C3 CO ;z 2 u 1 w Q II w fa O o fa O w O w w fa w o w w e^> w >-' H o : o O «^ <; 1 w W II >^ >^ S 2: tH 2: >-l 2: 5H >H >-l >• 2: >> tH >< <

<U CL, •« OS CJ

U CO Ph 1 s O II

Q

H : w

H CO /—

N

•-N /'^ /—\

/—N y-s

w

H z 2 hJ • • m <r CO fO <! CO : (14 4« ^ o o tD Pi h4 fa o /-s —,

/—

N

y~\

—

<«-v ^-v ,^^ /»-v -^

/~^ /-N

—

~~^ 1-1

O CO CO CO o <: o s vO v£> SO v£> vO >* <t in CO in r^ r^ CO CTn ; M 1—1

fa fa z %_• s_^ >-• N-X s_^ N-/ V.-' s.^ >-• \^ \^ V—

V-' v_^ v_y II CO •K ^

f^ od i • • II I—1 H *s 5 Q o CO II o- in <t v£) f—1 • hJ H fl^ & r W CO 2 H II ^^ —,

~-^ 1—1 I-l

—

'—

fa t3 •« S s S • CO O fa II r^ 00 00 00 00 v£> vO r^ <f r^ 1—1 1-1 -* CM • CO w o O hJ ;=> Q 1-4 fa g M u o <: Pi o r^ • •K o H • vO o in ON «* S M I r ^ tH CM II 0^ 1-1 ON ^^ ON

fe OS Pi • K hJ •K II

O ->»»

—. o =fe o —

=te fe w W H H * II o vO CJN CJ^ o^ r^ ON 1-1 CTi 00 o 00 o o P H H fa s Pi II i-H 00 a> C^ ON ON c^ ON <y\ 00 1-t 00 1—1 o

CO fe fa • CO 1—1 s <3 < hJ <! H H ^

II

II fa o fa

O e^» fa o O o cs fa fa fa o fa e^« o fa

(Si Pi E § » II o o

fa

O

fa 2 CO

fa II

O o O C5

W o C5

O o o o o o CJ o fa o o A w w M • O pa « w o II ^Z • = W E-i H

II

II

a

CO CO

X

CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO o CO CJ CO CO CO

u

II II II

HO fa

II

II

X * + S M • 1-4 M • II CO <f I-H Cvj o CM CO in r^ 00 1—1 CM CO 00 ON CM «;f vD 00 CO o

2;

II

II

1-1 1-1 CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO CO CO CO * <r <r

m

CM II

II

w

o>

M II PQ o CO II <

139
inW o

PE4 H

CO

COH

CO

CO « H

CO

>-< *

525 * OM

COO * OJ -Jc

fa * H *

COO(I4 4C

fa -K O

CO -K H

>J

C3 «

COg

00

CMo

COH

CO

fa

COO

fa

W fa

CJ o H H

!a

p-l

PQ CJ s CJO O fH >^

fa P3 PQMoM

PQ

<3Q

fafa

Pi

faH

W fa ^s is o o

CO CO

H

woo H CJ CJ CJH : : fa Qj 0!S fa fa fa ^ t-t tr* ^^% H "^ ->>.

o:i (^ » 000fa fa "WW O PQ PQ S : :

II II II

X! * + MH<Ww

!3W '^ u — >W O

CO Z

Os! CO O M

faQW

CO

C3w&

fa

w

CO PhCO

Pio

faQw

CO

H&

COH

fa

CO<

PQZ COWH

faH

CO II

QO II <i_:il oo.-tfOr-(vo voco 0<ll CO«*CMLn-* CM.-I

i-JU II I

CO • C5 Ni • II Z a cj II H <5 O II > p^ pd II <: H fa II COoW H II H CO II < 'Z II O M II M II P CO II Z II *

Pli

M

OMH

fa • O H

fa •

PQ <

fa

O I o s I v-^ I • • II I O CO II • Z H II ^ fa II CM II <

OH II • < Z II hJ O M II HH» I «-• II I W Q II I W II I Z O II

fa

O

O S • o CO

CO Z H O fa

CNJ II •K II 4C II Pi II

»Jn

W II !3 n fa II o n M n H II <! II U II

W • II CO O II X z n W II H n M 11 CO II

0^ r>. CM cn

vf ^ v£> CM 1 in r^

e^» in en

VOm <t CO •fOCSCM-^CMCM^OO •-*>*

CO COr-li-lvO-^<J- .-lr-lT-l<n«*eSOcMCM

UCJOCJU CJCJ o S S :2 S &

CJO CJ o u

•*-*

O CJ CJ CJ z z u

o«Ninoin.-<i-iONOor>-inf-tvocnincs

v£>inco cvjinii-HcM covj-cmIcmcm

OZ

cs en oO r^

I—I o^

fa&

CO Z CO www >^ z >^

CO CO CO

onoo

CO

CO

^o eg CO

-*

<Tn r-t fa

m

CO CO Z CO w w W W

iH iM z ><

CO CO CO CO wwwowoowwowoowoo 5-i>-<tMZ>HZz>^>^z>'ZzPzz

vo 00 in r«. \o vO

as

<-* ino inino»d- ovo o

0^ a^I-^lnI-lt-^O^r-ll-lr-^I-io^0^c^Jl-lo^I-^ Oo o o -^^ o

\D r^oooo^o^oooa^oor^cnr^o^ot^oo

0^ o^O^I—^O^O^O^I—IO^O^O^O^O^O^I—lO^O^

C50WWC50t5WCJ I OWWOOWOO

00000000C500000CJ)0CJ0

CO* COCOCOOCOCOCJUCOOCOCOCOOCOCO

CO

csiin\oOi-icnmr^cMcninvor>.OcM<d-invo

i-ti-ii-irHr-4cMeMcMcscsfnfncncncn

fa

140
o

H

o

H

CO

C/} M

iJO

<

U

«M Z

M

u s: 5 w

H H

S

CO

o

CO&

CO

CO « M

CO

>< * <

E5 * Z H( Ot-l H * S3 *

CO

•zo *

CJ

ij * U

o

Ct4 *

COo

04 « O

COH

»

CO

o

t5

•z -z

H

J

H

Z

<

CJo

o

OSo >- ><

Cx4 03 ca

oz

Q Q

Ed U

E-c (X Oj Z S S WOO M CJ O

u

h-l : : Ci< OJ Oii b Ed U

3 H H

CO En fa

T. <<

W Cd

ce: ct; cj o o o

« td td o 03 oa

II n n X * +

CJ u :2

tdU

M

>

td

CO

oio

tbo

Ed

CO

_]

Ed

tdCJ<

CO fa

<

z

<

H H

fa

• to <

M td Z CO M

td

.. 33 Id H

H

O fa 2 M

CO II

O II J < II

O U CJ CJ

< Z II ^ ^ ^ ,-1 ca <: II

hJ fa O -COS

• o

CO z

CJQ

QiJ

tdH

*

iJ II td II a II fa II U II td II

Ed • II CO O II a z II

CM r-1

-(

I

CJ

CM

00 f-l vO 00 O

ON 0^ »3-

r-l 0^ C^ 0^

td

CO CO CO CO Z

Cd td td td O >-i >H >- >- 2

CJ

vD

voO

CJ CJ CJ CJ

tdz

o

z

tdZ CO O td Z Sh

o fo f—i {vj in

tM ro .-I I <3-

O

r^ i-< fO CM 00 o o o o

O O r- O O 1-1 f-l m t-( .-I

CO CO CO CO CO

td td td td td

>- >H >< >i >.

(J u

vD in -^ ^o o 00

I—I ,—I n --I I

in en 00 ^o o^ a> O O

0^ O vO a^

CJ^ i-l r^ O^ <-< »

CO CO CO CO to CO

td td td td td td >*>*>* >^ >* >*

CJ CJ a CJ CJ

r^ m m

CM r^

o O CC

i-i 00 ^ CM O

CO o

a< r-l o

00 o> -~- ~^ o O C^ 00 O <—

I

CO CO CO ',0 CO

Id Cd Cd ti: td

CO

(I]

CM

.-I *

CO

Cd

>•

COuI

ino

0^

0^ o

CJ cjcje)ocjcjo"^cjcjidcjcjcjcjtdcje)oc:icjO(j5Cjoocjcj'>;cj

fa OCOOCJO — O'^CJCJOCaOOOCJOCJCJCJOOCJCJOOCJCJCJCJ O O

COCOCOCOX+XCOXCOXCOCOCOCJCOXCJCJCOCOCJCJXXCOCOCOCOCO

I CJ I I I CJ CO CO

i-ifMco-*invor~»ooeMcoo>Oi—lc'^m^r^oo^^f<^«^or»»ooo^ocM-3lnvo rH^r-icMtMcMeMeMcMeMfnfncopnmfnfO-*-*-*-*-*

fa

COa

141
CO » H

COoH

COO * Ow

to

COOo

CO 4i H

C3 *

COg

00O

COM

CO

COo§H

!z; OU 2 H H S !^

PM < < to M U to Mo

h-l

pa <H

<1QW

M pa Q O w wO Ho _ Pd u o w' s " o

CO CO

h-l o o ^ H

!SWM

!i( CKJ Pi

fe

W

W

t3

HH

CO fa pt| IS -5 -^ M ~-> "~^ W W

p£i pd S o o o

fa fa "WW o pa pa

X! * + OMH<Ww<

CJ -. w

CO

PSo

faow

COw

;=> fa

w

CJ

CO Oi H

COw

Pd

COo

faQM

CO

E3

IS• H

PQWHO

IS

CO II

QU II ^ ij II O <1 II J CJ II

CO • O fc^ • II IS CJ> CJ3 II M <d O II > p2 Pi II <! H Pl, II COQW

<d

CJMQ2 H

CO

IS

CO

ISo• o H

Pli • < 2

PQ -^

faO <HQHIII O

IS COH

p-l

CNJ

Pi I e-.

fa

O

O S O CO

IS

H

PdH<H II PM II

CN II * II * II Pi II

iJ II fa II & II fa II

II CJ II

W • II CO O II K 2: II

fa II H II M II CO II

U CJ»

u CJ CJ

u CJ CJu

mcNooOvtr-^for^ooOi—imrH^

CMi-ICMr-l i-li-ll .—I r-l CM I I I v_/^^

en

<r o

ooooooc^moor^ r^o<fr-ir^oo o o "--. oo^ooooLnfOvDc^^vnr^foo^csl

00O^l—lO>f—IO^00O^CT^CT^CT^O^O^O^ cocococococococococococococo faWWWfaWIxlIxIWiafaWfaW

COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO tdfaWMWWfdWWIilWWfaW

e^. c^. c^. e^. e^. e^. c^. >• e^. e^» e^- e^- c^- e^' OOOCJOOOOCJCJ>CJ5C5CJO

OC50Cj5CJ>OC3CiOC50000

CJCJCJCOCOCOXJCOCOCOCOCOCJCO

CO

i-l.—ICNCMCOCOfOfOfOfOCO

142
h3Ho

00 CO H OH<H

CA

C« * M

CO2 * Oi-i H *

a.3 *

COZo * u

fe * H *

COo

Cbo

COH

CO

a:

eo

CMoxo u

CO3oXoHzou o o 2 2

CJ CJ

HH 2 2

Ou <

^J Pli <: 3 « CJ : UO

fii O >- b P9o o H H 2 2 O O

CO CO

-<; <; H D- Cl, 2 S S WOO M CJ U

CJ

Cb3

CO2

[I]

U

H

H

bb

ti3 Cd bs b: ci o o o b b -WW O CO « 2 : :

II

n II

X * +

CO IIIIIIIIII COo2><

COQuH< H II CO II 2 II M II

II CO II 2OMH

CL, • o H

P- • < 2 J

COH*

Pi

JO

M II

MH3 I C" II I td Q II I U U II I 2 Q II

S-" eg II hJ * II u; -KM S OS II

hJ II U II 3 II b 11 O II a II H II < II CJ II tJ • II CO O II a: 2 II U II H II M II CO II

00 ro o fo

m

fo in CM

s: s: s s: s s s

CJCJCJOUCJCJCJ

i-IMMMI-ll-ll-ll-l 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 m CM p>. in ro O CJN fSI m in in O 1

C^4 •4-

I—I r^ r—I m o CT^ t~~

r-»

m in

m CO in -sT S S 3 S s s s s s: s o cj a u u o M M M M M M

rovDvO-cfOr^fOrooo 222222222 < -<r CO in in vf <r i 2

cococococo cocococococococococococococococococo wtdwtaw tdwwfcjwtdtawwtdwcdwtjuwwa

ro >3- «3- cvl <t O

<r 00 ON 00 0^

<r ON 0^ t—< ON 0^

>3'co-^-vj-in-^<3-Ln

t—iOONr~CTNCT>OOOCT\

.—ltno^O^O^O^CT^^—lO^

cw, c^. o— c^' c— c^» c— c^» c- c^» c**

b c— ^* ^- ^» c- c^* c^« c*» C" c-« c^ [tibbUWCJWbWWe^'W bWUbbUWbbbtd 3 3 3 3 O 3 oooooooooooo~^ooooooooooo o X I xcocococococococoxxcocococococoocjoxo

CO CO CO CO CJ

cMf>-i>3-t~»CT\0'—'CMinv£>r^oocT>0'—icomvoooONOr-icsco

oiob

143
VI It o < n hJ U II

lO 00 00 m in sr OS 00 r-. ON fO c>4 a^ r-«

•-H <S «S «s St «s vo u-i vr fo i-i «S \0

Z O O II vo en in «vj CM r-l fO i-l

I I o

(M O vO O 00

<M fn

vo in fo (M o cn in

pg «M 1-1 CM -^ .-I «3-

H It w n

O C3 O OCJUCJOOU uuuo

3

oH

O

H

CO

to * M

CO

2; -K o

M

H « 3 *

COzo *

hJ *

H *

COO

O

COH

iJ

COs

CO CO

ca < II

J Q M II M

H

r> I e- II

t i:il Q II

t W U II

I z a II

,J t^ o

< O S

• o CO CO Z H

fn o 00 cs) rH r-l n 1-1

I I I

00 OOvOOvOvCvJ-vOCN

r-l CM t «M CO <-l r^ t f^

t t I I

CM

00 CO

O CM CN r-l < vc in

CM m m CM

t CM >-l «*

00 o\

ON

CO CO

o

CO

Cd

O O O O O td z z z z z ><

fM

i-l O CM i-l fO

CO CO CO CO tdOWOMUOOOOO ><Z><Z>i><ZZZZZCO CO CdOOOWOOO S-ZZZ^-ZZZ

o

o ^ On ON ON 00

ON ON ON ON ON

m p>.

1-1 <*1 r-*

ON r^ 00

On ON On

CM n ^.. ^^

"^ en — CM m

\a 1-1 r>. 1-1 1-1

-* <t CM fO

r^ 00 ON ON

CM -^ ^.

ON ^ — o

o

o o

o m o 1—1 On 1—1 vO ON O vO 00 ON On On On On

o o o

en ON o 00 o 00 o

00 ON 1—1 On 1—1 on -^

r-. CJN CM 00

00 On On ON

00 00 ON

ON ON CN OOOOCJO 0000t50CJU00CJ00000C"0CJ'J

OOO00OC300OOO0OUOOCJ0OOOOO0CJCJ

U II U II + COC0C0CJX-K XCOXUCOCOCOCOCOCOCOXCOCOCOCOXCOCOCO

cj CO CO CO CO I CO

o

* + n z

•^inNor^Or-i.»inr«»oo<noooN-*ooOi-icM<*NOONin*oOf^<M{n

i-Hi-i^p^i-4i-4cM<M<MfOM-3'«»-a-<->ff«*minr~r>»o»ON

f3

144
• CO II ^

II

II

O CM ON r^ CM OS -* r>. ON r«. o II r* vo vo vo LO «* r^ vO CO vO

hJ o II • MCO CO • CD C5 fed • II o 13 o o II 00

ta

M ^ o II 00 fo <r o o *3- ON • fH CM r-l r>- ON > Pi II rH CM 1 St si- CO ^ o l-l CM St CM CM ^ <3 H P-, II o CO

(4H

Q • S M H II ^"^ o H CO II S rs & & !3 rs :s G: 3 o o

h-l

la

H-l

II

II

II s S S S M O • Q CO II • Z H S ^ II o l-l t3 H o II CJ o u o u u CJ CJ O U

O • • H o l-l II CO w < H II l-l v-/ Q PM II h-l H H H h-l h-l hH H H hH CO • s S • o II CO * >< U3 M H M 1 O o Pi O P^ • II CO w H • ^

II tH * 3 3 H O

PQ

II cn 00 <t 00 CO vo o 00 CO so rH St

O r-l <

CJ CJ

g fa

II

II CM «;r 1 <t IT) CO in CO 1 CO in CO CM ^ % * H o M /-N • O 2: z CJ •• fa Q O S 4C p-i ^ l-l M v-/ 1 O S

<«^

O ^

Pm

Q > 1 N-X

H

H t3 hJ Di

H 1 • • II

H 4C PQ CJ

M

wO 1 o CO II •• Pi : o !=> CO !Z • ^ H II o

CO § o « 1

P^ II -jf <t 00 si- CM r-4

H 5 •K Pi erf CO o tJ CO o >^ >-" o h-l es II CO & !Z fn « PQ fa ^ K II o O w O •K «% * II vO 0\ o 00 o r>* w s o <3 o Q Q o <J pj II ON a\ 1-4 c^ rH ON

ij

H

wW

WaH %

ij •K < H

H CO

M <J <

PC4

Q <1 <t3 £3

H

Q

H II CO CO CO CO CO CO

H o

fo 4C hJ 2 13M hJ <C • IIII S ^ ^^^ ^

CO s ^ ^ t3 s l-l H & H •K ptH ^ M fa w !=> 1 c- II CO CO H CO ^ ^ CJ 1 M Q II o o ca o o o z a P z a iz o ^ o o

<^O : O o •^ <3 1 W IIa IS

a

H P^ * tt) CJ CJ CO Cl< 1 S Q II CO W H CO /-s r H s: z ^ • • PP •K ? o o Pi ^

fa

O /-\ o CO CO CO o O S vO M M §

fa v_/ N-X COH K

9k ^^

Q • • o • CO

II

II hJ H pn r W CO z H II CD * iz § § • CO O P-i II 00 vo 00 00 vo r^ in r^ r>^ c^ so r^

CO

M o o

CJ ^

13 § * CJ H •

l-l * » ^ S

>* r^ II Pl4 Pi 'pi • •K II P4 M w H EH 2 K II 00 vo in NO ON 00 i-i ON o r^ CO c^ & H H PU 5 P^ II ON ON r*^ ON On On On ON 00 On ON ON

CO $^ • CO M »"^ hJ II

w o w

w o ww

w o w

w

w c:)

w

pes §§

M

g

II

II 13 o o

fa

O

faa CO

fa II

w o w

w o o o O o o w

W CJ) o o M w w M • O pa M u o II !z; W g

II

II CO CO CJ CO CO CO CO *

CO CJ

u o CO CO CO CJ

II II II

HO fa <3 II

II X! * + iz; H •

r-l

M • II «;»• rH r>. ON in ON in r^ 00

m vO 1-H CO r». 00

00 CO o II CM CO CO <t sf

m

m

m r^ r^ 00 00 00 ON "^ a z II lO

CM

w II

II

q ON M II <! o CO H

145
13OHOzMXw3

en COH

PQ

W

faO

M2 *

2: * oMH •*: P-i P * wo * u

Ed

:=> HO

On

faO

COH

hJtD

CO

CO

!=» O4O

(Si HOo u u Q O

fa ta

CO CO o u zMH<w

PS

faH

<:wuM>

Pi

faCO

Pdo

faQ

faCO

fa

fa

M

<:

faCO

H

fa

PiO

faQ

faCO

CO

O <3

h3

U

CO><

CO

C_5

Oo

Pifa

QM

CO

'ZoM

fa • O H

fa •

pa ^

fa o o s

<l<MHII <

COoQ• o2

COH

faCM

itM

Pi

faQ

fa fa

CM

Pi

aW

H II

H CO II < 2: II O M II

.—IvOvD O^OOfOO^v£>L^^^JLnr^vOO^ I I

in

in fO SoM

f-l Oi 1-1 ^ I

r~Lnr^\r>inininLnr^vDfOinmco

CM <} fO vOcoco-d-cMCMcMinr^cMcMvomcsi o ^^ O O 0^ O

a> 1—I CJ^ CM

00

CTi

en

(Ti o >-. o in ,-1 00 cococococococococococococococo WfafaWWWWWWMMWWWW

cococococococococococococococo HHHWUHWWWWWHfafaW >-l>-l>-l>-l>^>-l>-l>-(tH>HjH>-lpH>-l>-l

00

«M0^o

fQ

faHo

hJ II fa II ;=> II fa II O II fa II O II

fa • II CO o II a s II

CO II

faWfaWfafafafafaWfafafafaW 3 fa

fa 1^ cox:ucox:x:xix!coxix:cooxxi

CO cocococj coco UO

cMinvor-~oo-^r^Oi-i<i-r^cor^oocn cMcM<r-sr-*stmininvo

CO<3

146
9. REFERENCES

1. Crenshaw, Richard; Clark, Roy; Chapman, Robert; Grot, Richard; and Godette,

McClure, CSA Weatherlzatlon Project Plan . Washington, DC: National Bureau

of Standards, NBSIR 79-1706, March 1979.

2. Crenshaw, Richard and Clark, Roy E., Optimal Weatherlzatlon of Low-Income

Housing In the U.S.; A Research Demonstration Project . Washington, DC:

National Bureau of Standards (Building Science Series, In press).

3. Weber, Stephen F.; Boehm, Mlcheal J.; and Llpplatt, Barbara C,

Weatherlzatlon Investment Costs for Low-Income Housing. Washington, DC:

National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 80-2167, November 1980.

4. Clark, Roy E., Effects of Home Weatherlzatlon on Occupant Comfort: First

Report of a Field Study . Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards,

NBSIR 81-2335, September 1981.

5. Grot, Richard A., An Assessment of the Application of Thermography for

the Quality Control of Weatherlzatlon Retrofits . Falls Church, VA: American Society of Photogrammetry , "Proceedings of Thermosense II Conference",

1980.

6. Grot, Richard A., and Clark, Roy E., Techniques for the Field Evaluation of

Residential Building Envelope Weatherlzatlon Retrofits . Washington DC:

National Bureau of Standards, NBSIR 81-xxxx (in press).

147
NBS-n4A (REV. 2.8C) us DEPT. OF COMM. BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions) _L

1. PUBLICATION OR

-REPORT NO. NBS TN 1156

2. Performing Organ. Report No 3. Publication Date

Februar/ 1982

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

The CSA Weatherization Demonstration Data Base: Contents and Descriptions

5. AUTHOR(S)

Roy E. Clark

6, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other thon NBS, see instructions)

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, DC 20234

7. Contract/Grant No. DE-AIO1-76-PR06010

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

Final

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State, ZIP)

U. S. Department of Energy

Office of Buildings and Commimity Systems, Buildings Division

1000 Independence Ave. , S W , Washington, nc 20545

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Q^ Document describes a computer program; SF-185, PIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or /ess factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here) The Community Services Administration (CSA) National Optimal Weatherization Demonstration was conducted over a 3 1/2 year period (1977-1981) by tlie National Bureau of

Standards and Community Action agencies in 12 areas around the Nation, principally to

determine what reductions in residence space heating energy consumption could be

achieved by extensive, economically cost-effective weatherization of dwellings.

Because the project v.'as funded by the CSA, it u'as conducted using houses occupied by

low- income households. In addition to recording overall energy consumption (for the

1975-1980 period), the demonstration collected considerable additional energy- related

measurements from approximately 240 houses (including some 40 unweatherized control

houses) at the 12 sites. These measurements probably constitute the most extensive

and comprehensive data base on real energy usage of real houses extant. The report

describes the various measurements that were obtained and how tiiey were obtained. It

contains house-by-house inventories of the data actually present in the data base and,

as an access aid for further study of the data, it describes the media in

which the data exist.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)

Community Services Administration Weatherization Demonstration; costs of xceatherization;energy conservation; energy consumption data; energy related data; field m.easure- ment of building energy use; Optimal WeatJierization Demonstration; residential energy/

13. AVAILABILITY consumption; space heating consumption; A^^eatherization.

rX] Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

fX] Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

20402.

\2Z\ Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

159

15. Pcice

$6 .00

USCOMM-DC 6043-P80

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1982 - 365-862 : QL 3
NBS TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

PERIODICALS

JOURNAL OF RESEARCH—The Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards reports NBS research and develop- ment in those disciplines of the physical and engineering sciences in which the Bureau is active. These include physics, chemistry,

engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Papers cover a broad range of subjects, with major emphasis on measurement

methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization. Also included from time to time are survey articles on topics

closely related to the Bureau's technical and scientific programs. As a special service to subscribers each issue contains complete

citations to all recent Bureau publications in both NBS and non- NBS media. Issued six times a year. Annual subscription; domestic $18; foreign $22.50. Single copy $4.25 domestic; $5.35 foreign. NOTE: The Journal was formerly published in two sections; Section A "Physics and Chemistry" and Section B "Mathematical

Sciences." DIMENSIONS/NBS—This monthly magazine is published to in- form scientists, engineers, business and industry leaders, teachers, students, and consumers of the latest advances in science and

technology, with primary emphasis on work at NBS. The magazine

highlights and reviews such issues as energy research, fire protection, building technology, metric conversion, pollution abatement,

health and safety, and consumer product performance. In addition, it reports the results of Bureau programs in measurement

standards and techniques, properties of matter and materials, engineering standards and services, instrumentation, and

automatic data processing. Annual subscription; domestic $11;

foreign $13.75. NONPERIODICALS

Monographs—Major contributions to the technical literature on

various subjects related to the Bureau's scientific and technical activities. Handbooks—Recommended codes of engineering and industrial practice (including safety codes) developed in cooperation with in- terested industries, professional organizations, and regulatory

bodies. Special Publications—Include proceedings of conferences sponsored by NBS, NBS annual reports, and other special publications

appropriate to this grouping such as wall charts, pocket cards, and

bibliographies.

Applied Mathematics Series—Mathematical tables, manuals, and

studies of special interest to physicists, engineers, chemists,

biologists, mathematicians, computer programmers, and others engaged in scientific and technical work.

National Standard Reference Data Series—Provides quantitative data on the physical and chemical properties of materials, compiled from the world's literature and critically evaluated. Developed under a worldwide program coordinated by NBS under

the authority of the National Standard Data Act (Public Law

90-396).

NOTE; The principal publication outlet for the foregoing data is the Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data (JPCRD)

published quarterly for NBS by the American Chemical Society

(ACS) and the American Institute of Physics (AlP). Subscriptions,

reprints, and supplements available from ACS, 1 155 Sixteenth St., NW, Washington, DC 20056.

Building Science Series—Disseminates technical information developed at the Bureau on building materials, components,

systems, and whole structures. The series presents research results,

test methods, and performance criteria related to the structural and

environmental functions and the durability and safety characteristics of building elements and systems.

Technical Notes—Studies or reports which are complete in themselves but restrictive in their treatment of a subject. Analogous to monographs but not so comprehensive in scope or definitive in treatment of the subject area. Often serve as a vehicle for final reports of work performed at NBS under the sponsorship of other government agencies.

Voluntary Product Standards—Developed under procedures

published by the Department of Commerce in Part 10, Title 15, of

the Code of Federal Regulations. The standards establish nationally recognized requirements for products, and provide all concerned interests with a basis for common understanding of the

characteristics of the products. NBS administers this program as a supplement to the activities of the private sector standardizing

organizations. Consumer Information Series—Practical information, based on NBS research and experience, covering areas of interest to the con- sumer. Easily understandable language and illustrations provide

useful background knowledge for shopping in today's technological marketplace. Order the above NBS publications from: Superintendent of Documents. Government Printing Office. Washington, DC 20402. Order the following NBS publications—FIPS and NBSIR's—from

the National Technical Information Services. Springfield. VA 22161

.

Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS

PUB)—Publications in this series collectively constitute the Federal Information Processing Standards Register. The Register

serves as the official source of information in the Federal Govern- ment regarding standards issued by NBS pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 as amended.

Public Law 89-306 (79 Stat. 1127), and as implemented by Executive Order 11717(38 FR 12315, dated May 11, 1973) and Part 6 of Title 15 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations).

NBS Interagency Reports (NBSIR)—A special series of interim or

final reports on work performed by NBS for outside sponsors

(both government and non-government). In general, initial dis- tribution is handled by the sponsor; public distribution is by the National Technical Information Services, Springfield, VA 22161,

in paper copy or microfiche form.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Washington. OC 20234

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

Penalty for Private Use, $300

POSTAGE AND FEES PAID

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

COM-215

THIRD CLASS