Community Preparedness: Simple Activities 

for Everyone
Community Preparedness: Simple Activities 

for Everyone

September 2011 Page i

HANDOUT MASTERS

PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES: HANDOUTS

Preparedness on a Shoestring

• Family Disaster Kit: Handout

Where Is Everybody?

• Plan to Stay in Touch: Handout

Who Can You Count on? Who Counts on You?

• Establishing a Support Network: Handout

Easy Out: Getting to Safety

• Evacuation Checklist: Handout

Storm Safe: Sheltering in Place

• Safe Havens: Handout

• Mark the Safe Spots: Handout

• Shelter Together: Activities

Disaster Plan Dress Rehearsal

• Dealing With the Disaster Deck: Handout

Hunting Home Hazards

• Home Hazard Hunt: Handout

• Chemical Emergencies: Handout

An Ounce of Fire Prevention

• Fire Prevention Guidelines: Handout

• Activities: Getting Fired Up for Prevention

Putting Out Fires

• Fire Basics: Handout

• Fire Extinguishers: Handout

• Fire Safety Rules: Handout

Home Safe Home

• Simple Safety Measures: Handout

Safeguarding Your Valuables

• Protecting Valuables: Checklist Handout

• Protecting Valuables: Tips Handout
Community Preparedness: Simple Activities 

for Everyone

September 2011 Page ii

HANDOUT MASTERS

PREPAREDNESS ACTIVITIES: HANDOUTS (CONTINUED)

Pet/Service Animal Preparedness

• Protecting Pets and Service Animals: Handout

Rx for Readiness

• “Stay Health” Kit: Handout

• Germ Busters Activities

Going Off Grid: Utility Outages

• Outage Checklist: Handout

Coming Home After a Disaster

• Who Does What? Handout

• Recovery Action Plan: Handout

Preparedness: The Whole Community

• The Whole Community: Handout

Note: The Facilitator Guide has information on how to prepare for and conduct the 

activities.
Activity Title: Preparedness on a Shoestring
PREPAREDNESS ON A SHOESTRING

September 2011 Page 1

FAMILY DISASTER KIT:

HANDOUT

ACTIVITY: DISASTER KIT SCAVENGER HUNT

You may need to survive on your own after an emergency for at least 3 days. Local 

officials and responders will be on the scene after a disaster, but they cannot reach everyone 

immediately. Creating a family disaster preparedness kit does not have to be costly—many of 

the items for your family’s kit may be found around your home. 

You can make a game of getting prepared by organizing a family scavenger hunt. Begin by 

finding a container to store the items (e.g., large bucket, pillowcase, backpack, plastic container, 

etc.).

 Water—at least 1 gallon per person per day for at least 3 days, for drinking and 

sanitation

Cautions: Unopened (sealed) water bottles should be good for at least 1 year. After a 

bottle is opened, the water will begin to grow bacteria in less than a month. 

Alternative Water Source: If you are unable to purchase water, a typical home water 

heater can provide 30 or more gallons of clean drinking water. To use the water in your 

tank, first turn off the electricity or gas to the water heater. Then, close the supply valve to 

preserve the cleanliness of the water in the tank. Next, get the air out of the tank by opening 

any hot water tap such as the kitchen sink. (Caution: The water coming out of the tank may 

be very hot.) You can use a short water hose (e.g., the supply hose to a washing machine) 

to drain the water from the tank. Use a screwdriver or coin to operate the drainage valve. If 

you do not have a hose to transfer the water to jugs or pots, use a shallow pan to collect the 

water. Allow the tank to fill before restoring power to the water heater.

 Food—at least a 3-day supply of nonperishable food

What To Include: Include ready-to-eat canned or dried meats/tuna, fruits, juices, and 

vegetables. High-energy foods such as peanut butter, cereals, breakfast bars, etc., are the 

best. Add a can opener, scissors, or knife for cutting open foil and plastic pouches, and 

disposable plates, cups, and utensils.

Tips: Make sure to include food for infants or those on special diets (e.g., medical 

restrictions, food allergies). Pack all these items in plastic bags to keep them dry and as 

airtight as possible. Keep a list of dates when food items need to be inspected and possibly 

replaced. Remember to include food for pets and service animals. 
PREPAREDNESS ON A SHOESTRING

September 2011 Page 2

FAMILY DISASTER KIT:

HANDOUT

 First aid supplies

What To Include: Look for items such as bandages, cotton washcloths, cleaning 

agent/soap, hydrogen peroxide/isopropyl alcohol, antiseptic cream, and aspirin or an aspirin 

substitute. Include a list of medical conditions and prescription medicines. 

Tip: Keep your prescriptions in a plastic bag or travel kit in an easy-to-find location.

 Copies of important information

What To Include: Include important information such as phone numbers, family records, 

insurance and financial documents, and copies of passports, identification documents, 

Social Security cards, immunization records for people and pets, etc.

 Radio, flashlight, and batteries

What To Include: Include a battery-powered or hand-crank flashlight and radio and extra 

batteries. 

Tips: Avoid using candles, which can easily cause fires. It is advisable to have a Weather 

Radio with tone alert. If you are unable to get a Weather Radio, you may be able to listen to 

alerts on local radio or access them on the Internet at: 

http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/streamaudio.htm

 Other supplies and items: You may want to include things such as a whistle to signal for 

help, wrench or pliers to turn off utilities, sanitary products, diapers, and any other items 

you’ll need during an emergency.

Check the expiration dates of items in your kit at least every 6 months.
PREPAREDNESS ON A SHOESTRING

September 2011 Page 3

FAMILY DISASTER KIT:

HANDOUT

REMINDERS: WHEN DISASTER STRIKES 

Disaster can strike quickly and without warning. It can 

force you to evacuate your neighborhood or confine you to 

your home. Below are some steps you should take if a 

disaster strikes. 

Keep Informed

Listen to local radio or television for news and instructions.

Bring things indoors such as lawn furniture, trash cans, children’s toys, garden equipment, 

clotheslines, hanging plants, and any other objects that may be blown around. Confine or 

secure your pets in a location in your home or in a carrier for evacuation. Move to a safe area 

of your home unless you are instructed to evacuate.

Follow Evacuation Orders

 Evacuate immediately if told to do so. Ignoring an evacuation order puts you and your 

family in danger. Wear protective clothing and sturdy shoes. Lock your home. Use the 

travel routes specified by local authorities; other routes may be impassable or dangerous. If 

you have only moments before leaving, grab the following items and go: 

• Prescription medications and other essentials

• Driver’s license, personal identification, insurance information, and other critical 

documents

• Disaster kit

 Notify your family contact. Relatives and friends will be concerned about your safety. 

Letting someone know your travel plans will help relieve the fear and anxiety of those who 

care.

• WATCH means it is possible that severe weather conditions will develop.

• WARNING means the weather is already occurring or is likely to occur and that people 

should take proper protective measures.

PLACE THIS LIST IN 

YOUR DISASTER KIT!
PREPAREDNESS ON A SHOESTRING

September 2011 Page 4

FAMILY DISASTER KIT:

HANDOUT

When It Is Safe—Assess the Damage

 Check for injuries. Determine if anyone is injured. If so, call for help and provide simple 

first aid measures.

 Wear protective clothing and sturdy shoes. Disaster areas and debris contain many 

hazards. The most common injury following a disaster is cut feet. 

 Help your neighbors who may require assistance in an emergency situation—infants, 

elderly people, and people with disabilities—and the people who care for them. 

 Look for hazards. 

• Gas: If you smell gas or suspect a leak, open a window and get everyone outside 

quickly. Turn off the gas at the outside main valve.

• Electrical system: If you see sparks or broken or frayed wires, or if you smell burning 

insulation, turn off the electricity at the main fuse box or circuit breaker. Getting 

damaged utilities turned off will prevent further injury or damage. Stay away from 

downed power lines. 

• Water: If the water pipes are broken, turn the water off at the main valve. Tip: For all 

the utilities―gas, electric, and water―find out where shutoff valves/switches are before 

a disaster strikes.

• Structural problems: Watch for objects that could fall. Evacuate structures that are 

not stable.

• Spills: Stay away from areas that contain spilled chemicals or other hazardous 

materials.
Activity Title: Where Is Everybody?
WHERE IS EVERYBODY?

September 2011 Page 1

PLAN TO STAY IN 

TOUCH: HANDOUT

ACTIVITY: DEVELOPING A COMMUNICATIONS PLAN 

In emergency situations you may need to contact family 

members, friends, or caregivers to check on their safety or 

advise them of your status. Follow the steps below to 

develop a communications plan.

 Identify contacts. 

List the names, addresses, phone numbers, and other essential information for family 

members, friends, caregivers, and other frequently used contacts. Here are some tips:

• Immediate family members include those still living in your home, those who are away 

temporarily (at college, deployed, etc.), and those living elsewhere in your community or 

in other places.

• Extended family members, such as parents and other relatives, may live close by or in 

other places. They, too, may need to be contacted if they are affected by an emergency, 

or they may need to know your status if the emergency occurred in your area.

• Some family members may be entrusted to caregivers in group homes, nursing homes, 

or other facilities or programs. Some may live alone but depend on health care or 

personal care providers for support. Again, you or they may be affected by an 

emergency and need to be contacted.

• Don’t forget your pets. They may be left at home or in kennels while you are away 

during the day or on extended periods of travel. In emergencies, you may need to know 

if they are safe or if someone can check on them.

Be sure to include an out-of town contact. It may be easier to make a long-distance phone 

call than to call across town, so an out-of-town contact may be in a better position to 

communicate among separated family members.

 Organize your contact information into a communications plan.

You may also want to prepare wallet cards with contact information, to laminate and store in 

your wallet for ready access. (See the next page.)

 Review your communications plan.

After you have assembled your plan and cards, review them with family members and other 

contacts to ensure the information is complete and accurate. Add alternate phone numbers 

or contacts as needed. 

PUT YOUR 

COMMUNICATIONS 

PLAN IN YOUR 

DISASTER KIT!
WHERE IS EVERYBODY?

September 2011 Page 2

PLAN TO STAY IN 

TOUCH: HANDOUT

 Share your plan.

• Be sure every family member knows the phone number of the emergency contact and 

has a cell phone, coins to use a pay phone, or a prepaid phone card. 

• Teach family members or friends to use text messaging. Text messages can often get 

through network disruptions when phone calls can’t.

• If you have a cell phone, program your primary contact as “ICE” (In Case of Emergency). 

In an accident, emergency personnel will often check ICE listings. Tell your contact that 

you’ve listed him or her as your emergency contact person. 

• Include your communications plan in your family disaster kit. Post a copy on the 

refrigerator or near a telephone. Distribute copies of your plan to everyone who needs 

to have one.

• Update your plan and wallet card as needed.

 Stay informed.

Subscribe to alert services. Many communities now have systems that will send instant text 

alerts or emails about bad weather, road closings, or local emergencies. Sign up by visiting 

your local office of emergency management Web site. 
WHERE IS EVERYBODY?

September 2011 Page 3

PLAN TO STAY IN 

TOUCH: HANDOUT

Additional copies of this sheet can be found at http://www.ready.gov.
ON YOU?

Activity Title: Who Can You Count on? Who Counts 

on You?
WHO CAN YOU COUNT ON? WHO COUNTS 

ON YOU?

September 2011 Page 1

ESTABLISHING A SUPPORT 

NETWORK: HANDOUT

ACTIVITY: WHO CAN YOU COUNT ON? WHO COUNTS ON YOU?

Often, during the initial period of a crisis our safety depends on helping each other. Most of us 

are very willing to help those who may need assistance. Our actions may be limited by not 

understanding how best to offer help. Building a personal support network is an old-fashioned 

concept of neighbors helping neighbors. By establishing a personal support network, we know 

who we can count on and who counts on us. And we will be ready to help. 

• Assess Your Capabilities: It is important to evaluate your capabilities, limitations and 

needs, and surroundings to determine what type of help you will need in an emergency.

Question Yes No

Will you be able to shut off the necessary utilities (gas, water, 

electricity)?

 

Can you operate a fire extinguisher?  

Will you be able to carry your emergency supply kit or critical 

assistive/medical devices?

 

Will you be able to move or objects that might block your 

evacuation path? Note: You should move or secure objects 

that could block an evacuation route.

 

Are there potential barriers to being able to evacuate? Do you 

have an alternate exit path?

 

Are you able to hear or see warnings or announcements?  

• Identify Members of Your Support Network: A personal support network can consist of 

friends, roommates, family members, relatives, personal attendants, coworkers, and 

neighbors who will check in with you in an emergency to ensure you are OK and provide 

assistance if needed. Do not depend on any one person. Identify a minimum of three 

people at each location where you regularly spend your time: job, home, school, volunteer 

site, etc.

• Meet With Your Network Members: Invite members of your network to a planning gettogether (making it a social event by adding coffee, tea, and cookies works well). During 

this session:

• Discuss each other’s needs and how you can help one another. Explain how you may 

need different help in the event of an evacuation, power outage, darkness, or other 

conditions.

• Provide written emergency contact information with key phone numbers of relatives and 

medical professionals. Include relevant medical information, such as the types of 

medications, doses, and locations where items can be found. Also, note any vital things 

to check in the event of a fall or other injury.
WHO CAN YOU COUNT ON? WHO COUNTS 

ON YOU?

September 2011 Page 2

ESTABLISHING A SUPPORT 

NETWORK: HANDOUT

• Show the members how to operate and move any assistive devices or specialized 

medical equipment. Attach laminated labels to equipment with operating instructions.

• If you have service animals, make sure that they are familiar with members.

• Give copies of keys to get into your home or office in case of an emergency.

• Work out a system for contacting one another during a crisis. Signals can be whistles, 

shouting, knocking, or visual signs. Do not count on telephones as the only means of 

communication.

• Develop a system for letting other know when you will be traveling. 

• Select a way to communicate to let the members of the network know that you are safe.

• Finally, make a commitment to get together periodically to review the plan.

"Carry-With-You" Supplies to Keep With You at All Times

• Emergency health information card 

• Instructions on personal assistance needs and how best to provide them 

• Copy of emergency documents 

• Essential medications/copies of prescriptions (at least a week's supply)

• Flashlight on key ring

• Signaling device (whistle, beeper, bell)

• Small battery-operated radio and extra batteries 

• Packing/Container suggestions: a fanny pack, backpack, or drawstring bag that can be 

hung from a wheelchair, scooter, or other assistive device
WHO CAN YOU COUNT ON? WHO COUNTS 

ON YOU?

September 2011 Page 3

ESTABLISHING A SUPPORT 

NETWORK: HANDOUT

Specialized Supplies to Add to Emergency Kits

Check with your medical provider to determine a sufficient quantity of specialized supplies to 

last for up to 2 weeks (medication syringes, colostomy supplies, respiratory aids, catheters, 

padding, distilled water, etc.). If you have chemical sensitivities or a respiratory or cardiac 

condition, store towels, masks, industrial respirators, or other supplies you can use to filter your 

air supply. Emergency shelters or first aid stations might not be able to meet your supply 

needs. In an emergency, supplies will be limited.

Store supplies in areas you anticipate will be easy to reach after a disaster. If you are unable to 

afford extras, consider contacting disability-specific organizations such as the Multiple Sclerosis 

Society, Arthritis Foundation, United Cerebral Palsy Association, etc. They may be able to 

assist you in gathering low-cost or no-cost emergency supplies and medications. Additional 

items to consider:

• Extra eyeglasses, hearing aids if you have them or have coverage for them

• Battery chargers and extra batteries for hearing aids, motorized wheelchairs, or other 

battery-operated medical or assistive technology devices 

• Copies of medical prescriptions, doctor’s orders, and the style and serial numbers of the 

support devices you use 

• Medical alert tags or bracelets or written descriptions of your disability and support needs, in 

case you are unable to describe the situation in an emergency 

• Supplies for your service animal 

• Medical insurance cards, Medicare/Medicaid cards, physician contact information, list of 

your allergies and health history 

• A list of the local nonprofit or community-based organizations that know you or assist people 

with access and functional needs similar to yours 

• A list of personal contacts, family, and friends that you may need to contact in an emergency 

• A laminated personal communication board, if you might need assistance with being 

understood 

• If possible, extra medicine, oxygen, insulin, catheters, or other medical supplies you use 

regularly 

• If you use a motorized wheelchair, have a lightweight manual chair available for 

emergencies. Know the size and weight of your wheelchair, in addition to whether or not it 

is collapsible, in case it has to be transported. 

• Even if you do not use a computer yourself, consider putting important information onto a 

thumb drive for easy transport in an evacuation.
EASY OUT: GETTING TO SAFETY

Activity Title: Easy Out: Getting to Safety
EASY OUT: GETTING TO SAFETY

September 2011 Page 1

EVACUATION CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

Plan

 Where will you go? (Choose both a closer location (within the county), and one outside the 

county, in case the type of emergency demands that you go farther away.)

Within the county/area ______________________________________________________

Outside the county/area _____________________________________________________

How will you get there?  Car  Bus  Boat  Subway  Train 

 What route will you take? (Attach road map with evacuation route highlighted or transit 

maps.)

 Will your transportation mode change if you have to evacuate from work? How will you 

meet your family? (Make any notes below.)

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

 Will you or a household member need assistance to evacuate safely? If so, what kind of 

assistance? From whom? Have you talked with them about helping?

_________________________________________________________________________

If so, register with the local emergency management office. Phone number: ____________

If you live in a building, make sure your name is on a current log of those needing 

assistance to exit the building.

 What will you do with pets or livestock? (Contact your veterinarian or the local humane 

society to find out how to prepare pets/livestock for an emergency.) Note your plans below.

_________________________________________________________________________

 What friends or family members should be notified about your evacuation plans?

Name ________________________________ Number ___________________________

Name ________________________________ Number ___________________________

Name ________________________________ Number ___________________________
EASY OUT: GETTING TO SAFETY

September 2011 Page 2

EVACUATION CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

Prepare

 Have extra sets of car keys and house keys made.

 Make sure maps or transit routes are attached.

 Make sure the car is running well or that you know how to get to the transit station.

 Fill the car up with gas or ensure that you have transit fare in advance.

 Have cash on hand for expenses.

 If you need assistance to evacuate, make sure you have any needed equipment on hand 

(example: evacuation chair).

 Practice telling people quickly and concisely how to assist you if you need help. If you like, 

write it down here.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Go

 Give yourself plenty of time to prepare to leave.

 Start out with a destination in mind. Make arrangements with friends or family or make a 

hotel reservation. If you need assistance, ask the hotel about accessibility options.

 Use the plans you developed to take care of your pets/animals.

 Tell friends and family what you are doing.

 Call the local emergency management office if you or someone in your household needs 

assistance to evacuate.

 Secure your home. Depending on the type of emergency, you may be boarding up windows 

or moving and securing loose objects in your yard.

 Bring disaster kit.
Activity Title: Storm Safe: Sheltering in Place
STORM SAFE: SHELTERING IN PLACE

September 2011 Page 1

SAFE HAVENS: 

HANDOUT

Taking shelter is critical in times of disaster. You need to identify safe locations during severe 

weather, whether at home, work, or some other location. Listed below are the best places to 

shelter in place for selected weather emergencies.

Heat Wave

• Stay indoors as much as possible and limit exposure to the sun.

• Stay on the lowest floor out of the sunshine if air conditioning is not available.

Thunderstorm and Lightning

• Stand or sit away from doors and windows that lead outside.

• Stand away from concrete walls, and avoid lying on concrete floors.

• Close doors and windows to the outside to prevent wind damage and injuries inside the 

home.

Hurricane

• Listen to local watches and warnings about evacuating.

• If you live in a high-rise building, hurricane winds are stronger at higher elevations or floors.

• If you are unable to evacuate, go to your wind-safe room. 

• If you don’t have a wind-safe room, take refuge in a small interior room, closet, or hallway on 

the lowest level.

• Lie on the floor under a table or another sturdy object.

Tornado

• Go to a pre-designated shelter area such as a safe room, basement, storm cellar, or the 

lowest building level.

• If there is no basement, go to the center of an interior room on the lowest level (closet, 

interior hallway) away from corners, windows, doors, and outside walls.

• Put as many walls as possible between you and the outside. Get under a sturdy table and 

use pillows, blankets, or other “cushions” to protect your head and neck. As a last resort, 

use your arms to protect your head and neck.

Winter Storm

• Select a location where heat can best be conserved, such as the side of the house that 

receives the most sunlight and is away from cold winds.

• Interior rooms are probably the best option.

• A basement may be a good location.

• If necessary, seal off rooms that are not being used by shutting doors, closing window 

coverings, etc.

EVACUATE instead of sheltering in place if you are ordered to do so by local 

authorities.
STORM SAFE: SHELTERING IN PLACE

September 2011 Page 1

MARK THE SAFE 

SPOTS: HANDOUT

ACTIVITY: FINDING SAFE SPOTS TO SHELTER IN PLACE

Purpose: The purpose of this activity is to practice locating safe places in the home during

severe weather.

Directions: Using one of the sample floor plans below—either for an apartment or for a 

detached one-story home, locate a safe place for each type of severe weather listed. Indicate 

your safe location with the suggested abbreviation as follows:

• H = Heat Wave

• HR = Hurricane (home is not in a coastal or other flood hazard area)

• TH = Thunderstorm and Lightning

• T = Tornado

• W = Winter Storm
STORM SAFE: SHELTERING IN PLACE

September 2011 Page 1

SHELTER TOGETHER: 

ACTIVITIES

PRACTICING SHELTERING IN PLACE

Purpose: The purpose of these activities is to practice sheltering in place so you can 

determine what additional resources you might need.

Directions: Below are two shelter-in-place activities that you can do at home together with 

members of your household.

Activity #1: Hide and Shelter Seek

Using the Mark the Safe Spots handout, give a family member a type of weather emergency 

and tell him or her to go “hide” in the safe shelter-in-place spot for that hazard. Ask other family 

members to find him or her. When you find the hiding family member, decide together whether 

the shelter location is adequate for the threat.

Activity #2: Camp In

Using the Mark the Safe Spots handout, pick a weather emergency. Gather the family together 

in that safe spot to hang out. Feel free to bring sleeping bags and snacks. You may even want 

to assume the power is out and carry flashlights and board games as well. Plan to spend an 

hour or more at the location. At the end of the activity, ask the family members the following 

questions:

• What was it like to have to stay in this area and not go to other parts of our home?

• What additional items would you have liked in the shelter area?

• What would have made it more comfortable?

• What might you need if you had to stay in this area for 3 hours? What about for 6 hours or 

more time?

• How would someone find you in this shelter area?
Activity Title: Disaster Plan Dress Rehearsal
DISASTER PLAN DRESS REHEARSAL

September 2011 Page 1

DEALING WITH THE 

DISASTER DECK: HANDOUT

PLACE THESE CARDS 

WITH YOUR FAMILY 

DISASTER PLAN.

ACTIVITY: PRACTICING THE PLAN

Review your disaster plan with other family members by 

playing a game. Use the questions on the flash cards to 

quiz each other about the plan. Feel free to add other 

questions based on your family’s needs. 

Directions:

1. Cut out the cards and attach them to index cards with tape or glue. Write the answer to the 

question on the back of the index card. Add your own questions on separate index cards or 

use the blanks on the next page.

2. Gather the family, distribute the cards evenly, and take turns quizzing each other with the 

cards.

What are the main hazards 

we have planned for?

Where can I find a copy of 

our family disaster plan?

Where can I find our family 

disaster supply kit?

If I am at school when an 

emergency happens, how 

will I reach my parents?

If members of our family are 

separated during an 

emergency or disaster, who 

will they contact?

If I am at home and hear a 

tornado or other warning 

siren or alert on the radio or 

TV, what should I do?

Where can I find our pet 

disaster supply kit?

If we have an emergency or 

disaster, what should I 

immediately do about our 

pet?

Where can I find a copy of 

our communications plan?

How often should our family 

disaster supply kit be 

checked and updated, and 

who is responsible for 

doing it? When was it last 

checked?

Which family member is 

responsible for checking 

our smoke detectors, and 

how often will they do it? 

When was it last checked?

Which family member is 

responsible for checking 

our fire extinguishers, and 

how often will they do it? 

When was it last checked?

If our family is told to 

evacuate the neighborhood

and we are not together, 

where is our meeting place?

Who is our out-of-state 

family contact in case of an 

emergency or disaster?

Where are the main 

switches for water, gas, and 

electricity in our house, and 

how do you turn them on 

and off?

What should we do if we 

have a house fire in the 

middle of the night?

If we have to evacuate our 

home, what things should 

we take with us?

What precautions should 

we take when returning to 

our home if it has been 

damaged in a disaster?
DISASTER PLAN DRESS REHEARSAL

September 2011 Page 2

DEALING WITH THE 

DISASTER DECK: HANDOUT

Use these blank flash cards to create additional questions and cards of your own.
Activity Title: Hunting Home Hazards
HUNTING HOME HAZARDS

September 2011 Page 1

HOME HAZARD HUNT: 

HANDOUT 

ACTIVITY: HAVING A HOME HAZARD HUNT

Take the checklist below and divide it into sections that are applicable for your household. Each 

household member takes one or more sections and goes room by room through the home. 

Don’t forget to include garages and yards. Check off each item and circle or highlight the things 

that need to be fixed. Make sure to work together to address the hazards, going through one 

section at a time. 

Chemical Hazards (See the separate handout that lists common household chemical 

hazards.)

 Are flammable liquids—such as gasoline, cleaning products, acetone, and paint/lacquer 

thinner—stored away from the home? Are they in secure containers? Is the area well 

ventilated?

 Do the storage containers have labels stating that they are approved by Underwriters 

Laboratory (UL) or Factory Mutual (FM)?

 Are the containers stored away from heat sources and children?

 Do all chemical storage containers have Mr. Yuk labels on them to warn children?

Electrical Hazards

 Are extension and appliance cords in good condition, or are they frayed or cracked?

 If extension cords are used, are they “strong enough” or rated for the electrical load they are 

carrying? Can someone trip over them?

 Are extension cords going under rugs or over nails, heaters, or pipes?

 Are prongs and plugs tight fitting? Is there one plug per one outlet (as opposed to a cube 

tap, where multiple plugs go into one outlet)?

 Is the wiring in outlets covered by a plate and not exposed?

 Do all appliances operate safely and not overheat, short out, smoke, or spark?

Fire Hazards

 Are gasoline, turpentine, paint thinner, kerosene, and charcoal lighter fluid stored away from 

heat sources and children?

 Are old rags, papers, mattresses, broken furniture, clothes, curtains, or other combustible 

materials found near electrical equipment, gas appliances, or flammable materials?

 Are there dried grass clippings, tree trimmings, or pulled weeds on the property?
HUNTING HOME HAZARDS

September 2011 Page 2

HOME HAZARD HUNT: 

HANDOUT 

Fire Hazards (Continued)

 Are heaters, candles, or matches in high-traffic areas or accessible to children?

 Are heaters standing upright, without extension cords? (If feasible, they should have 

automatic shutoffs.)

 Are there enough fire extinguishers (one for each floor)? Have they been recharged as 

directed? Do you know how to use them?

 Are there enough smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors (one for each floor)? Have 

the batteries been tested and changed as needed? (Change batteries at least once a year; 

some recommend doing it when you’re setting clocks at the start and end of Daylight 

Savings Time. If possible, replace the batteries with those lasting10 years. Many fire 

departments distribute smoke detectors and batteries for those who are unable to purchase 

them.) Does everyone know what to do when the alarm sounds? If there are people in the 

house who cannot hear an alarm, install ones that flash and sound.

Organic Hazards

 Are any of the houseplants poisonous or toxic? (Poisonous types include aloe, peace lily, 

and philodendron.) If so, are they out of reach of pets and children?

 Have you seen poisonous animals such as spiders or scorpions in the home? Consider 

pesticides, and always be cautious when reaching into boxes and corners, or putting on 

shoes.

 Is there any visible mold? Treat mold with a solution of bleach and water (no more than 1 

cup of bleach in 1 gallon of water) or seek professional help.

Flood Hazards

 Check gutters and downspouts to be sure they are in good working order and not clogged 

with debris. Use pipes to direct drain water away from the foundation.

 If storm drains are located near your property, check to ensure they are not clogged with 

debris or ask your local authorities to do so.

 Check for adequate sloping of soil or fill away from your foundation. If needed, add soil or 

fill around the foundation to obtain more adequate drainage away from the building.

 Look for areas where there may be erosion due to fast moving water. If needed, add rocks 

to slow the movement of water.
HUNTING HOME HAZARDS

September 2011 Page 3

HOME HAZARD HUNT: 

HANDOUT 

Flood Hazards (Continued)

 Check into the feasibility of having a supply of sandbags or temporary closures for parts of 

your building where floodwaters could enter. If you choose this remedy, ensure that 

household members are prepared to fill the sandbags or place the temporary closure when 

needed.

 If you might experience flood problems, check on the availability and advisability of having 

flood insurance by contacting local insurance providers.

Structural Hazards

 Have water heaters, large appliances, bookcases, other tall and heavy furniture, shelves, 

mirrors, pictures, and overhead light fixtures been anchored to wall studs?

 Have pictures or mirrors been moved away from where people sleep or sit?

 Have large or heavy objects been moved to lower shelves or stored somewhere else?

 Does the water heater or other gas appliances have flexible gas supply lines?

 Are cabinet doors latched or locked so that items cannot fall out?

 Are hallways and stairways well lit?

 Are hallways and stairways free of clutter?

 Have any deep cracks in ceilings or the foundation been repaired?

Hazards for Small Children

 Are safety gates at the bottom and top of stairways?

 Are guards around fireplaces, radiators, hot pipes, or wood-burning stoves?

 Are sharp edges cushioned with corner guards or other material?

 Are curtain cords and shade pulls out of reach?

 Is the hot water heater set at a safe temperature (120 degrees or less)?

 Are prescription drugs and over-the-counter medicines kept in childproof containers and out 

of reach?

 Are shampoos and cosmetics kept out of reach?
HUNTING HOME HAZARDS

September 2011 Page 4

HOME HAZARD HUNT: 

HANDOUT 

Hazards for Small Children (Continued)

 Are all sharp objects in the bathroom, kitchen, and other areas kept out of reach?

 Are toilet seats and lids down when not in use?

 Are outlets covered?

 Are beds or cribs away from radiators or other hot surfaces?

 Do mattresses fit the sides of cribs snugly? Are crib slats no more than 2-3/8 inches apart?

 Do toy boxes have secure lids and safe-closing hinges?
HUNTING HOME HAZARDS

September 2011 Page 1

CHEMICAL EMERGENCIES: 

HANDOUT 

Identifying Chemical Hazards

The average household contains many dangerous chemicals found in common products. They 

can be toxic, or corrosive, meaning that they can wear away containers or harm skin. They may 

also catch on fire or explode. Below is a list of common household products with potentially 

dangerous chemicals.

Cleaning Products 

• Oven cleaners

• Drain cleaners

• Wood and metal cleaners 

and polishes

• Toilet cleaners

• Tub, tile, and shower 

cleaners

• Laundry bleach

• Pool chemicals

Indoor Pesticides

• Ant sprays and baits

• Cockroach sprays and 

baits

• Flea repellents and 

shampoo

• Bug sprays

• Houseplant insecticides

• Moth repellents

• Mouse and rat poisons 

and baits

Automotive Products

• Motor oil

• Fuel additives

• Carburetor and fuel 

cleaners

• Air conditioning 

refrigerants

• Starter fluids

• Automotive batteries

• Transmission and brake 

fluid

• Antifreeze

Workshop/Painting 

Supplies

• Adhesives and glues

• Furniture strippers

• Oil- or enamel-based paint

• Stains and finishes

• Paint thinners and 

turpentine

• Paint strippers and 

removers

• Photographic chemicals

• Fixatives and other 

solvents

Lawn and Garden Products

• Herbicides

• Insecticides

• Fungicides/wood 

preservatives

Other Flammable Products

• Propane tanks and other 

compressed gas cylinders

• Kerosene

• Home heating oil

• Diesel fuel

• Gas/oil mix

• Lighter fluid

Miscellaneous

• Batteries

• Mercury thermostats or 

thermometers

• Fluorescent light bulbs

• Driveway sealer
HUNTING HOME HAZARDS

September 2011 Page 2

CHEMICAL EMERGENCIES: 

HANDOUT 

Tips for Safe Use of Hazardous Chemicals

• Buy only as much of a chemical as you think you will use. Check to see if you can share 

leftovers with neighbors or a local business, charity, or government agency. 

• Keep products containing hazardous materials in their original containers and never remove 

the labels unless the container is corroding. Corroding containers should be repackaged 

and clearly labeled.

• Never store hazardous products in food containers.

• Never mix household hazardous chemicals or waste with other products. Some of them—

such as chlorine bleach and ammonia—may react, ignite, or explode.

• Never use gasoline, benzene, or other flammable liquids for starting fires or cleaning 

indoors. 

• Follow the manufacturer’s instructors for the proper use of the household chemical.

• Never smoke while using household chemicals.

• Never use hair spray, cleaning solutions, paint products, or pesticides near an open flame 

(e.g., pilot light, lighted candle, fireplace, wood-burning stove, etc.). Although you may not 

be able to see or smell them, vapor particles in the air could catch fire or explode.

• Clean up any chemical spill immediately. Use rags to clean up the spill. Wear gloves and 

eye protection. Allow the fumes in the rags to evaporate outdoors, then dispose of the rags 

by wrapping them in newspaper and placing them in a sealed plastic bag in your trash can.

• Dispose of hazardous materials correctly. Take household hazardous waste to a local 

collection program. Check with your county or State environmental or solid waste agency to 

learn if there is a household hazardous waste collection program in your area.
HUNTING HOME HAZARDS

September 2011 Page 3

CHEMICAL EMERGENCIES: 

HANDOUT 

Dealing With Chemical Emergencies

Post the number of local emergency medical services and 

the National Poison Control Center by all telephones. 

Symptoms of poisoning:

• Difficulty breathing

• Irritation of the eyes, skin, throat, or respiratory tract

• Changes in skin color

• Headache or blurred vision

• Dizziness

• Clumsiness or lack of coordination

• Cramps or diarrhea

If someone is experiencing toxic poisoning symptoms or has been exposed to a 

household chemical:

• Find any containers of the substance that are readily available in order to provide requested 

information. Call 911 and then the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.

• Follow the emergency operator or dispatcher’s first aid instructions carefully. The first aid 

advice found on containers may be out of date or inappropriate. Do not give anything by 

mouth unless advised to do so by a medical professional.

• Discard clothes that may have been contaminated. Some chemicals may not wash out 

completely and can cross-contaminate other clothing or continue to cause problems.

If there is a danger of fire or explosion:

• Get out of the residence immediately. Do not spend time collecting items or calling the fire 

department when you are in danger. Call the fire department from outside (using a cellular 

phone or a neighbor’s phone) after you are safely away from danger.

• Stay upwind and away from the residence to avoid breathing toxic fumes. The way to know 

you are upwind is to look at flags, trees, or other items moving. Upwind is the opposite 

direction of the way the wind is blowing.

POST POISON CONTROL 

NUMBER BY PHONES!

1-800-222-1222
Activity Title: An Ounce of Fire Prevention
AN OUNCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

September 2011 Page 1

FIRE PREVENTION 

GUIDELINES: HANDOUT

More than 3,500 Americans die each year in fires and approximately 18,300 are injured. An 

overwhelming number of fires occur in the home. Review the time-tested ways to prevent and 

survive a fire.

Install Smoke Alarms

• Install smoke alarms on every level of your home, including the basement. Many fatal fires 

begin late at night or early in the morning, so the U.S. Fire Administration recommends 

installing smoke alarms both inside and outside of sleeping areas. Some fire departments 

will install battery-operated smoke alarms in your home at no cost. Contact your local fire 

department’s non-emergency phone number for more information.

• Test each alarm monthly and ask those living in the home if they heard it (or saw it, if you

have a flashing-light type for the hearing impaired).

• Replace the batteries at least once per year, or with long-lasting batteries. If replacing 

annually, pick a holiday to partner this activity with, so that it becomes a regular function of 

that holiday. Replace the entire smoke alarm unit after 10 years of service, or as 

recommended by the manufacturer.

• Never disable a smoke alarm while cooking. A smoke alarm is just doing its job when it 

sounds while you are cooking or taking a shower with lots of steam.

Develop and Practice a Fire Escape Plan

• Ensure that all household members know two ways to escape from every room of your 

home.

• Mark the entrance to your property with signs that are clearly visible. 

• Make sure everyone knows where to meet outside in case of fire.

• Practice escaping from your home at least twice a year and at different times of the day. 

Practice waking up to smoke alarms, low crawling, and meeting outside. Make sure 

everyone knows how to call 911.

• Teach household members to STOP, DROP, and ROLL if their clothes should catch on fire.
AN OUNCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

September 2011 Page 2

FIRE PREVENTION 

GUIDELINES: HANDOUT

Make Your Home Fire Resistant

• Use fire-resistant materials like stone, brick, and metal to protect your home. Avoid using 

wood materials that offer the least fire protection. 

• Reduce flammable chemicals and materials in your home and store them away from an 

ignition source.

• Buy only as much of a chemical as you think you will use. Leftover material can be 

shared with neighbors or donated to a business, charity, or government agency. For 

example, excess pesticide could be offered to a greenhouse or garden center, and 

theater groups often need surplus paint. 

• Keep products containing hazardous or flammable materials in their original containers 

and never remove the labels unless the container is corroding. Corroding containers 

should be repackaged and clearly labeled.

• Store flammable materials, liquids, and solvents in metal containers outside the home, at 

least 30 feet away from structures and wooden fences.

• Cover all exterior vents, attics, and eaves with metal mesh screens no larger than 6 

millimeters. 

• Use fire-resistant draperies for added window protection. 

• Make sure water sources, such as hydrants and ponds, are accessible to the fire 

department. 

• Avoid using lighted candles. If you do use candles, ensure they are in sturdy metal, glass, 

or ceramic holders and placed where they cannot be easily knocked down.

• Set a good example by using matches, lighters, and fire carefully. Children should never be 

allowed to play with matches, lighters, or candles.
AN OUNCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

September 2011 Page 3

FIRE PREVENTION 

GUIDELINES: HANDOUT

Be Prepared for a High-Rise Fire Emergency

• Never lock fire exits or doorways, halls, or stairways. Fire doors provide a way out during 

the fire and slow the spread of fire and smoke. Never prop stairway or other fire doors 

open.

• Learn your building evacuation plan. Make sure everyone knows what to do if the fire alarm 

sounds. Plan and practice your escape plan together. 

• Be sure your building manager posts evacuation plans in high-traffic areas, such as lobbies.

• Learn the sound of your building's fire alarm and post emergency numbers near all 

telephones. 

• Know who is responsible for maintaining the fire safety systems. Make sure nothing blocks 

these devices and promptly report any sign of damage or malfunction to the building 

management. 

• Do not assume anyone else has already called the fire department. 

• Immediately call your local emergency number. Early notification of the fire department is 

important. The dispatcher will ask questions regarding the emergency. Stay calm and give 

the dispatcher the information requested. 

Maintain Chimneys (if relevant)

• Have your chimney inspected and cleaned annually by a certified specialist. 

• Insulate chimneys and place spark arresters on top. 

• Extend the chimney at least 3 feet above the roof. 

• Remove branches hanging above and around the chimney. 

Let Your Landscape Defend Your Property

• Trim grass on a regular basis up to 100 feet surrounding your home. 

• Create defensible space by thinning trees and brush within 30 feet around your home. 

• Beyond 30 feet, remove dead wood, debris, and low tree branches. 

• Landscape your property with fire-resistant plants and vegetation to prevent fire from 

spreading quickly. 

• Stack firewood at least 30 feet away from your home and other structures. 
AN OUNCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

September 2011 Page 4

FIRE PREVENTION 

GUIDELINES: HANDOUT

Follow Local Burning Laws

• Do not burn trash or other debris without proper knowledge of local burning laws,

techniques, and the safest times of day and year to burn. Contact your local fire department 

for a permit and information on conditions.

• Before burning debris in a wooded area, make sure you notify local authorities and obtain a 

burning permit. 

• Use an approved incinerator with a safety lid or covering with holes no larger than 3/4-inch. 

• Create at least a 10-foot clearing around the incinerator before burning debris.

Avoid Electrical Fires

• Routinely check your electrical appliances and wiring.

• Frayed wires can cause fires. Replace all worn, old, or damaged appliance cords 

immediately.

• Replace any electrical tool if it causes even small electrical shocks, overheats, shorts out, or 

gives off smoke or sparks.

• Keep electrical appliances away from wet floors and counters; pay special attention to 

electrical appliances in the bathroom and kitchen.

• Buy electrical products evaluated by a nationally recognized laboratory, such as 

Underwriters Laboratories (UL).

• Keep clothes, curtains, and other potentially combustible items at least 3 feet from all 

heaters.

• If an appliance has a three-prong plug, use it only in a three-slot outlet. Never force it to fit 

into a two-slot outlet or extension cord.

• Do not allow children to play with or around electrical appliances like space heaters, irons, 

and hair dryers.

• Use safety closures to "child-proof" electrical outlets.

• Use electrical extension cords wisely; never overload extension cords or wall sockets.

• Immediately shut off, then professionally replace, light switches that are hot to the touch and 

lights that flicker.
AN OUNCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

September 2011 Page 5

FIRE PREVENTION 

GUIDELINES: HANDOUT

Avoid Cooking Fires

• Plug microwave ovens and other cooking appliances directly into an outlet. Never use an 

extension cord for a cooking appliance, as it can overload the circuit and cause a fire.

• Stay in the kitchen when you are frying, grilling, or broiling food. If you leave the kitchen for 

even a short period of time, turn off the stove.

• If you are simmering, baking, roasting, or boiling food, check it regularly, remain in the home 

while food is cooking, and use a timer to remind you that you are cooking.

• Keep anything that can catch fire – potholders, oven mitts, wooden utensils, paper or plastic 

bags, food packaging, towels, or curtains – away from your stovetop.

• Wear short, close-fitting or tightly rolled sleeves when cooking. Loose clothing can dangle 

onto stove burners and catch fire if it comes into contact with a gas flame or electric burner.

• When young children are present, use the stove's back burners whenever possible. Never 

hold a child while cooking, drinking, or carrying hot foods or liquids.

• When children are old enough, teach them to cook safely. Supervise them closely.

Know How and When to Fight Cooking Fires

• When in doubt, just get out. When you leave, close the door behind you to help contain the 

fire. Call 911 or the local emergency number after you leave.

• Always keep an oven mitt and a lid nearby when you are cooking. If a small grease fire 

starts in a pan, smother the flames by carefully sliding the lid over the pan (make sure you 

are wearing the oven mitt). 

• Turn off the burner. Do not move the pan. To keep the fire from restarting, leave the lid on 

until the pan is completely cool.

• In case of an oven fire, turn off the heat and keep the door closed to prevent flames from 

burning you or your clothing.

• If you have a fire in your microwave oven, turn it off immediately and keep the door closed. 

Never open the door until the fire is completely out. Unplug the appliance if you can safely 

reach the outlet.
AN OUNCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

September 2011 Page 1

ACTIVITIES: GETTING

FIRED UP FOR PREVENTION

ACTIVITY #1: REDUCE FIRE RISKS

Review the Fire Prevention Guidelines handout. Next, identify or circle the fire hazards in each 

room below.

Living Room

Kitchen

Bedroom

Source: http://www.firesafety.gov/kids
AN OUNCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

September 2011 Page 2

ACTIVITIES: GETTING

FIRED UP FOR PREVENTION

ACTIVITY #1: REDUCE FIRE RISKS

Next, have all household members help you conduct a room-by-room search for possible fire 

hazards. At the end of the search, check off the following items that apply:

 All smoke alarms work when tested monthly.

 All escape routes are clear of clutter and easily accessible.

 Curtains and other fabrics that can burn are away from the stovetop or other heat sources.

 Electrical cords are in good condition (not damaged).

 Appliances and lights are plugged into separate electrical outlets. Note: Try to unplug all 

appliances when you are done using them.

 All extension cords in use are safe (not under carpets or across walking areas). Note: 

Extension cords are not permanent solutions for power needs.

 The clothes dryer has a clean vent and filter (no lint build-up). Note: Be sure to clean the 

lint tray in your dryer before each use and check around the drum for any accumulated lint. 

Do not let your dryer continue running when you leave your home.

 If you allow smoking, cigarettes are not left unattended and large, deep ashtrays are used. 

 Flammable materials, liquids, and solvents are stored safely away from heat sources.

 Firewood, gasoline, newspapers, and other flammable materials are not stored close to the 

home and other structures. 

 Water sources, such as hydrants and ponds, are accessible to the fire department. 

 Matches, lighters, and candles are not within reach of children.

 The furnace/air conditioning system has been inspected in the past year.

 The chimney has been inspected and cleaned in the past year.

 Outdoor grills are kept at least 3 feet away from your home. 

 Grass up to 100 feet surrounding the home is kept trimmed. Note: You should try to create 

defensible space by thinning trees and brush within 30 feet around your home. 
AN OUNCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

September 2011 Page 3

ACTIVITIES: GETTING

FIRED UP FOR PREVENTION

ACTIVITY #2: HAVE A PLAN

Fire prevention requires that everyone in your household participate. Complete the following 

steps with members of your household.

• Create a Fire Escape Plan: Installing working smoke alarms is essential. However, they 

can only save lives if everyone knows how to get out of the home quickly and safely. To 

develop a fire escape plan, create a map showing the escape routes. If you have younger 

children, use color markers and construction paper to make the project fun. As you can see 

in the example below, your map should identify the locations of the smoke detectors, at least

two exits out of each room, and the outdoor meeting place. Remember to map each floor.

If you live in an apartment building, make sure you are familiar with the building's evacuation 

plan. In case of fire, use the stairs – never use the elevator.

• Review Your Plan. Make sure everyone knows how to escape when the smoke alarm 

sounds, whether awake or sleeping at the time. Most importantly, ONCE OUT – STAY 

OUT! Practice your fire escape plan. Demonstrate how to exit, including:

• Feeling doors with the back of your hand before opening them. If the door feels hot, use 

your second exit to get out fast.

• Crawling low to avoid heat and smoke. Cover your mouth.

• Make Sure Everyone Can Exit Safely. If there are infants or family members with mobility 

limitations, assign someone to assist them. If you or someone in your household uses a 

wheelchair, make more than one exit from your home wheelchair accessible in case the 

primary exit is blocked in a disaster. Smoke detectors can provide both audio and visual 

warnings. Select the technology that your household members need.

• Conduct a Drill. Practice the escape plan at least twice a year, making sure that everyone 

is involved – from infants to grandparents. Use a cardboard cutout of flames to block exits 

so that individuals will have to find another exit point. Practice escaping in the dark or with 

closed eyes.
Activity Title: Putting Out Fires
PUTTING OUT FIRES

September 2011 Page 1

FIRE BASICS: 

HANDOUT

Fire Triangle

Fire requires the following three elements to exist:

• Heat: Heat is required to elevate the temperature of a 

material to its ignition point. Sources of heat include 

matches, stoves, sparks, etc.

• Fuel: The fuel for a fire may be a solid (e.g., coal, 

wood, paper, cloth, hay, etc.), liquid (e.g., gasoline, 

kerosene, alcohol, paint, cooking oil, etc.), or gas (e.g., 

propane, natural gas, butane, etc.). The type and 

quantity of the fuel will determine which method should 

be used to extinguish the fire. 

• Oxygen: Most fires will burn vigorously in any atmosphere of at least 20 percent oxygen. 

Without oxygen, most fuels could be heated until entirely vaporized, yet would not burn.

These three elements, called the “fire triangle,” create a chemical exothermic reaction, which is 

fire. 

What are some examples of heat and fuel in this room?

Classes of Fire

Knowing the type of fuel helps determine what kind of fire extinguisher to use and how to use it. 

There are five common classes of fires:

Fire 

Class Fuel

A Ordinary combustibles such as paper, cloth, wood, rubber, and many plastics

B Flammable liquids (e.g., oils, gasoline) and combustible liquids (e.g., charcoal lighter 

fluid, kerosene) 

C Energized electrical equipment (e.g., wiring, motors) – when the electricity is turned 

off, the fire becomes a Class A fire

D Combustible metals (e.g., aluminum, magnesium, titanium)

K Vegetable oils, animal oils, or fats in cooking appliances

Source: U.S. Fire Administration

It is very important to identify the type of fuel feeding the fire to select the correct method and 

agent for extinguishing the fire. 

Never use water on a fire unless you know what is burning. Water conducts electricity,

causing the problem to spread and cause more shorting in the equipment. Water will also move

burning oil, gas, and other petroleum products into new areas to ignite.
PUTTING OUT FIRES

September 2011 Page 1

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: 

HANDOUT

Fire Extinguishers: Overview

Understanding Fire Extinguishers

• Portable fire extinguishers are invaluable for putting 

out small fires. A well prepared home or workplace 

will have at least two portable fire extinguishers of the 

appropriate type for the location.

• The type of fuel that is burning will determine which 

resources to select to fight a fire. Most household 

fires are: 

Class A (ordinary 

combustible)

Class B (flammable 

liquids)

Class C (energized 

electrical equipment)

Class D (flammable 

metals – commercial 

use)

Class K (cooking oils, 

animal fats)

• A dry chemical extinguisher can be used on any type of fire. Common characteristics of dry 

chemical extinguishers include:

• Capacity. Approximately 10 to 20 seconds discharge time.

• Range. Standard range is 8 to 12 feet.

• Pressure. Standard pressure is 175 to 250 pounds per square inch. 

Deciding to Use a Fire Extinguisher: Before attempting to put out a fire with a portable fire 

extinguisher, you must quickly answer the following questions:

• Has someone called the fire department?

• Are there two ways to exit the area quickly and safely if I attempt to extinguish the fire? 

(The first priority for you is safety.)

• Do I have the right type of extinguisher for the type of fire?

• Is the extinguisher large enough for the fire?

• Is the fire small and contained (like in a wastepaper basket)?

• Is the area free from other dangers, such as hazardous materials or any debris?
PUTTING OUT FIRES

September 2011 Page 2

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: 

HANDOUT

Fire Extinguishers: Overview (Continued)

If you answer “NO” to any of these questions or if you will be unable to put out the fire in 5 

seconds using the extinguisher, you should not use a fire extinguisher. Rather, you should:

• Leave the building immediately. 

• Shut all doors as you leave to slow the spread of the fire.

• As soon as you get out of the building, call 911.

If you answer “YES” to all of the questions but still feel unable to extinguish the fire, you should 

leave immediately. You should always remember the 5-second rule.

If the fire is extinguished in 5 seconds and the area is safe, you should stay and carefully check 

the fire scene for hidden fire or sparks in an effort to prevent the fire from rekindling. Separate 

any burned or charred material to allow it to cool completely.

Fire Extinguisher: Steps

To use a fire extinguisher, remember “PASS”:

P PULL. Pull the pin. This will also break the tamper seal.

A AIM. Aim low, pointing the extinguisher nozzle (or its horn or hose) at 

the base of the fire. Stand approximately 8 feet away. Note: Do not 

touch the plastic discharge horn; it may get very cold and may damage 

skin. 

S SQUEEZE. Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent. 

S SWEEP. Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until it appears 

to be out. Watch the area. If the fire re-ignites, repeat steps 2 through

4.
PUTTING OUT FIRES

September 2011 Page 3

FIRE EXTINGUISHERS: 

HANDOUT

Fire Extinguisher: Steps (Continued)

When using a fire extinguisher:

• Always stand with an exit at your back. 

• Stand several feet away from the fire, moving closer once the fire starts to diminish. 

• Use a slow, sweeping motion and aim the fire extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire. 

• If possible, use a "buddy system" to have someone back you up or to call for help if 

something goes wrong. 

After putting out the fire, call 911. Be sure to watch the area for a while to ensure the fire does 

not re-ignite.

Installing and Maintaining Fire Extinguishers

• Extinguishers should be installed in plain view, above the reach of children, near an escape 

route, and away from stoves and heating appliances.

• Extinguishers require routine care. Read your operator's manual to learn how to inspect 

your extinguisher. Follow the manufacturer's instructions on maintenance.

• You must service rechargeable models after every use. Disposable fire extinguishers can 

be used only once and must be replaced after use.

If you have the slightest doubt about your ability to stop the fire . . . 

EVACUATE IMMEDIATELY!
PUTTING OUT FIRES

September 2011 Page 1

FIRE SAFETY RULES: 

HANDOUT

• Always have two ways to exit the fire area. Fires spread much faster than you might 

think. Always have a backup escape plan in case your main escape route becomes 

blocked.

• Look at the door. If air is being sucked under the door or smoke is coming out the top of 

the door, do not touch the door.

• Feel closed doors with the back of the hand, working from the bottom of the door up. 

Do not touch the door handle before feeling the door. If the door is hot, there is fire behind 

it. Do not enter! Opening the door will feed additional oxygen to the fire.

• Confine the fire, whenever possible, by closing doors and keeping them closed.

• Stay low to the ground. Smoke will naturally rise. Keeping low to the ground will provide 

you with fresher air to breathe.

• Don’t get too close. Stay near the outer range of your extinguisher. If you feel the 

heat, you are too close.

• Never turn your back on a fire when backing out.

• When you have extinguished the fire, carefully check to be sure that it is out, and 

stays out. Sometimes, what you don’t do when suppressing fires is as important as what 

you should do. 

• Don’t forget that your personal safety is your first priority. Don’t put it at risk.

• Don’t try to suppress a large fire. If you can’t put out the fire in 5 seconds or less, the fire 

it too large. Get out.

• Don’t enter smoke-filled areas. Suppressing fires in smoke-filled areas requires 

equipment other than a portable fire extinguisher.

Remember . . . Only those trained in the proper use and 

maintenance of fire extinguishers should consider using them 

when appropriate.
Activity Title: Home Safe Home
HOME SAFE HOME

September 2011 Page 1

SIMPLE SAFETY 

MEASURES: HANDOUT

Securing Heavy Furniture/Other Items

Bookcases or other items can tip causing their contents, and sometimes the shelves 

themselves, to fall to the floor. Tipping can occur in an earthquake or other event that causes 

homes and buildings to vibrate or move. In addition, children or pets climbing on bookcases or 

other furniture can cause them to tip.

 Move or secure items that could fall 

over or block an exit, such as 

bookcases, china cabinets, and 

storage racks.

 Move heavy items, such as pictures, 

mirrors, or tall dressers, away from 

beds and sitting areas. 

 Anchor all large kitchen and laundry 

equipment to the floor, wall, or 

countertop, including:

• Stoves and ovens.

• Built-in and countertop microwave 

ovens.

• Garbage compactors.

• Dishwashers.

• Refrigerators and freezers.

• Clothes washers and dryers.

Tips for Securing Items

• Screws must penetrate the studs behind the wall. Gypsum board, drywall, and plaster won’t 

hold heavy furniture during an earthquake. 

• For wood studs (typically spaced 16 or 24 inches apart on center), use minimum 1/4" 

diameter by 3" lag screws. 

• For metal studs, use #12 sheet-metal screws long enough to penetrate the flange material. 

For concrete or masonry walls, use concrete anchor bolts. 

• If wall studs do not line up with the furniture, attach a wood 2x4 or steel horizontal mounting 

strip to the studs near the top of the items to be anchored. Anchor furniture to that strip. 

• If possible, bolt file cabinets together (and to the wall studs) to form a more stable shape.

• Anchor eyebolts to wall studs for hanging heavy items such as pictures, mirrors, and 

shelving. Securely attach picture wires to picture frames.
HOME SAFE HOME

September 2011 Page 2

SIMPLE SAFETY 

MEASURES: HANDOUT

Tips for Securing Items (Continued)

• Make sure overhead light fixtures and hanging plants are anchored to the structural support 

above the ceiling. Ask a carpenter or an electrician to determine whether light fixtures and 

modular ceiling systems are securely fastened.

Note: Water heaters can tip over and spill dangerously hot water into a building. If the heater 

uses flammable gas and the gas line breaks, the situation becomes far more serious. For 

additional information on how to secure water heaters and other items, you should take the 

following independent study course: IS-394.a, Protecting Your Home or Small Business From 

Disaster (http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/IS394Alst.asp).

Securing Loose Items and Equipment: Items in Drawers or Cabinets

 Use barrel bolts, safety hasps, and childproof locks. 

Most permanent latches will not interfere with opening 

and closing drawers and doors.

 Use a slide lock as shown on doors that are not 

opened often.

 Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass, 

and china in low, closed cabinets with latches.

 Store weed killers, pesticides, and flammable 

products on bottom shelves in sturdy, closed, latched 

cabinets that are fastened to the wall or floor. Move 

incompatible chemicals to prevent mixing if the 

containers break.

Securing Loose Items and Equipment: Items on Shelves

 Add lips or edge restraints.

 Use elastic cords or wire guardrails to keep items from falling off open shelves.

 Fasten heavy or precious items to shelves or tables.

 Use tack putty to secure fragile objects on shelves. 

 Keep breakable items in original packing boxes if possible.
HOME SAFE HOME

September 2011 Page 3

SIMPLE SAFETY 

MEASURES: HANDOUT

Securing Loose Items and 

Equipment: Electronic Equipment

 Secure items to desks, tables, 

shelves, or countertops with hookand-loop material, such as Velcro.

 Use chains, cables, or elastic cord 

(e.g., “bungees”) for heavier items.

Preventing Falls

 Reduce fall risks by making sure 

carpets are securely fastened to floors via tacks, Velcro, or anti-skid linings. 

 Reduce clutter in living areas and make sure pathways around furniture are clear, especially 

if the individual relies on a cane or walker.

 Keep the stairs clear of clutter.

 Make sure you can turn on lights before entering a dark room.

 Add grab bars in the tub and shower.

 Wipe-up spills when they happen.

 Place nightlights along pathways throughout your home.

Preventing Water Damage: Simple No-Cost/Low-Cost Measures 

 Check storm drain lines to make sure they are clear of debris, roots, etc.

 Grade the property around your home to drain water away from it.

 Install gutters and make sure downspouts are extended away from the foundation in order to 

carry water away from the basement walls.

 Use shelving or store items several inches above the potential water level in order to 

prevent loss.

 Fix leaks in faucets, toilets, or pipes immediately. Continued small leaks can result in mold, 

dry rot, and pest infestation as well.

 Check the water hoses on your washing machine, refrigerator icemaker, and dishwasher for 

signs of wear. Check your water heater for leaks. Partially drain the heater every 6 months 

to stop sediment from building up on the bottom. 
HOME SAFE HOME

September 2011 Page 4

SIMPLE SAFETY 

MEASURES: HANDOUT

Preventing Water Damage: Simple No-Cost/Low-Cost Measures (Continued)

 Check for cracked or missing grout across the base of your toilet, bathtub, and/or shower, 

and bathroom cabinets.

 In cold climates, protect against frozen pipes by:

• Making sure you have adequate insulation in places where pipes run along outside 

walls, under floors above basements, and above ceilings in unprotected attics.

• Disconnecting outside garden hoses before cold weather. 

• Wrapping exposed pipes with insulating sleeves. 

• Taping and sealing foundation cracks in crawlspaces that could let cold air, snow, or ice 

in to freeze pipes. 

• Opening the cabinet doors under your sinks to allow warm air to get to piping during a 

deep freeze. 

• Running a small trickle of water through vulnerable cold and hot water faucets when 

there is a cold snap.

Protecting HVAC Equipment

In flood-prone buildings, HVAC equipment 

can be moved from the basement or lower 

level to an upper floor, or even to the attic. 

Relocation can involve plumbing and 

electrical changes. If you decide to raise 

your HVAC equipment, consider upgrading 

to a more energy-efficient unit at the same 

time. Upgrading not only can save you 

money on your heating and cooling bills, 

but also may make you eligible for a rebate 

from your utility company.
HOME SAFE HOME

September 2011 Page 5

SIMPLE SAFETY 

MEASURES: HANDOUT

Protecting Electrical Systems

Electrical system components, including 

service panels (fuse and circuit breaker 

boxes), meters, switches, and outlets, are 

easily damaged by floodwater. If the 

electrical system components are inundated, 

they probably will have to be replaced. 

Short circuits from flooded systems also 

cause fires. 

Raising electrical system components helps 

you avoid damage. All components of the 

electrical system, including the wiring, 

should be raised at least 1 foot above the 

base flood level for your location.

Protecting Washers and Dryers

Elevate them on masonry or pressure-treated lumber at least 1 foot above the projected flood 

level.

Preventing Wind Damage: Simple No-Cost/Low-Cost Measures 

Strong winds from severe weather such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, and tropical storms can 

turn patio furniture, grills, and tree branches into destructive missiles.

To protect against wind damage, take the following steps:

 Identify and remove trees and branches that could fall on power lines, walls, or roofs. Wind 

can topple trees onto your home and can pick up smaller objects and drive them through 

windows and glass doors.

 Secure all storage sheds and other outbuildings, either to a permanent foundation or with 

straps and ground anchors. You may use straps and ground anchors for manufactured 

homes to anchor systems for outbuildings.

 Secure other objects. You can secure outdoor furniture and barbecue grills by bolting them 

to decks or patios or by attaching them to ground anchors with cables or chains. Even trash 

cans can be secured with cables or chains attached to ground anchors or to wood posts 

firmly embedded in the ground.
HOME SAFE HOME

September 2011 Page 6

SIMPLE SAFETY 

MEASURES: HANDOUT

Preventing Wind Damage: Simple No-Cost/Low-Cost Measures (Continued)

Prior to a storm with predicted strong winds:

 Move breakable items away from doors and windows. 

 Bring in flowerpots, outdoor furniture, and other items that could become airborne.

 Board up doors and windows (if possible).

 Turn off propane tanks. 

Also, secure items if your home will be vacant during a trip.

Preventing Wind Damage: Securing DoubleEntry Doors

If you have double doors, then you should secure at 

least one of the doors at both the top of the 

doorframe and the floor with sturdy sliding bolts. 

Most bolts that come with double doors, however, 

are not strong enough to withstand high winds. Your 

local hardware store can help you select the proper 

bolts. Some door manufacturers provide reinforcing 

bolt kits made specifically for their doors. 

Creating a Safe Outdoors

• Make sure that the street number is clear and legible from the street. This will ensure that 

emergency vehicles do not have trouble locating your home in an emergency.

• Maintain the yard. Unkempt brush and dry lawns can catch fire; so can sheds and 

woodpiles. Overhanging tree limbs, and entire diseased trees, can fall through a roof.

• Position trees at least 10 feet apart and at least 100 feet away from the house.

• Remove any dead trees or trees that pose a threat of falling on your home.

• Clean pine needles, leaves, and other debris from roofs and gutters often.

• Enclose the undersides of aboveground decks with non-combustible materials, such as wire 

mesh, in order to prevent the buildup of leaves and other debris.
HOME SAFE HOME

September 2011 Page 7

SIMPLE SAFETY 

MEASURES: HANDOUT

Creating a Safe Outdoors (Continued)

• Plant native, fire-resistant vegetation, and avoid vines or climbing plants that may serve as a 

link between grass and treetops or roofs during a fire.

• Ensure all cords used outside, such as for electric lawn mowers and other lawn tools, are 

rated for outdoor use and have the correct amp rating (15-20 amps is usually okay, 20 amp 

rating for larger motors like lawn mowers). 

• Do not use power tools or lawn equipment when it is raining, or use an electric lawnmower 

on wet grass. Check all cords for damage before and after use.

• Store all yard and gardening equipment safely, making sure to keep all chemicals out of 

reach.

Source: Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of Interior
Activity Title: Safeguarding Your Valuables
SAFEGUARDING YOUR VALUABLES

September 2011 Page 1

PROTECTING VALUABLES: 

CHECKLIST HANDOUT

You may have little or no time to protect your valuables in a flood, earthquake, or other disaster. 

By taking simple steps now, you can safeguard your treasured belongings and information from 

damage or loss. 

The first step is to identify what you have. Go through your home to find your treasures. Use 

the list below to check off your valuables. 

 Vital records (birth, marriage, divorce, adoption, child custody, death certificates) 

 Passport, driver’s license, or other identification documents

 Social Security cards

 Property leases, deeds, mortgages, and records

 Financial documents including copies of pay stubs, bank accounts, etc.

 Legal titles (auto, home)

 Insurance policies

 Wills, living wills, and powers of attorney

 Recent tax returns

 Medical records including lists of prescription medicines, medical conditions, medical 

provider contact information, copies of health insurance/Medicare/Medicaid cards, etc.

 Debit/credit card numbers

 Home/bank safe deposit information/keys

 Records of passwords and personal identification numbers (PINs)

 Family photos, keepsakes, jewelry, or other mementos 

 Photographic or data inventory of valuables (photos, videos, CD/flash drive)

 Other __________________________________________________________

The Protecting Valuables: Tips handout suggests ways to protect these valuables.
SAFEGUARDING YOUR VALUABLES

September 2011 Page 1

PROTECTING VALUABLES: 

TIPS HANDOUT

You can take simple no-cost or low-cost steps to protect your valuables. 

 Create a photographic record or inventory of your valuables and store it in a safe deposit 

box or other off-site location. Consider keeping a copy on a CD or flash drive in your 

disaster kit, so that you can provide it to your insurance company following a loss; this will 

allow you to start the insurance/recovery process more quickly.

 Scan important records such as vital records, medical records, and financial documents, and 

save the files on disk or flash drives. You may also want to password-protect the data you 

have stored in case of loss or theft. Store the backup records in a safe deposit box or other 

off-site location. 

 If you have too many records or no way to scan/copy them, store them in a flood/fireproof 

home safe or a safe deposit box. Also consider giving backup copies of important 

documentation to family members to store for you.

 If you have valuable items stored in a basement, move them to a higher location to avoid 

water damage.

 Include any readily accessible records, such as medical records, medical contact 

information, etc., in your disaster kit.

 In some cases, you may be able to protect valuables such as keepsakes in waterproof 

containers available in sporting goods or hardware stores. For smaller items, a 

flood/fireproof home safe may provide temporary protection. 

 Take precautions to protect yourself from identity theft when you create backup systems to 

store critical information.

For more ideas on protecting valuables or cleaning them after a flood, consult the following 

information from FEMA: http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=8495
Activity Title: Pet/Service Animal Preparedness
PET/SERVICE ANIMAL PREPAREDNESS

September 2011 Page 1

PROTECTING PETS AND 

SERVICE ANIMALS: 

HANDOUT

ACTIVITY: PROTECTING PETS AND SERVICE ANIMALS

Most of us consider our pets and service animals as extended members of our family. We 

depend on them for companionship and service. In turn, they depend on us to be prepared to 

protect their safety and well being during a disaster. 

Complete these simple steps to help protect your pets and service animals: 

 Identify Potential Shelters. 

• Contact your local emergency management office, animal shelter, or animal control 

office to get advice on where pets/service animals can go during a disaster. 

• Make a list of hotels or kennels that would allow you to bring your types of pets. Make 

sure to research hotels in areas outside your immediate neighborhood. Note: Most 

hotels allow service animals.

• Check with friends and relatives to see if they would be willing to provide shelter to your 

pets/animals. 

 Develop a Pet/Service Animal Disaster Kit. 

• Include emergency food, water, travel bowls, safety harnesses/leashes, carriers/cages, 

first aid items, medicines, sanitary supplies (cat litter, trash bags, etc.), 

toys/blankets/bedding, etc. 

• Add a copy of veterinary records including immunization cards.

 Ensure Proper Identification. 

• Make sure that each pet/service animal has a current identification tag. 

• Have a current photo of your pet/service animal in your personal emergency kit. Photos 

will help reunite you in case you become separated.

• Have your pet tattooed or implanted with a microchip to enable identification if lost.

 Practice Your Evacuation Plan. 

• Look for pets during severe weather to see where they may hide. Knowing their hiding 

places inside and outside the home will speed up your evacuation process. 

• Get a flashing collar to help locate your pet in case of darkness. 

• Use a trip to the veterinarian or other event to practice securing your pets/service 

animals. Time how long it takes. Figure it will take longer to evacuate your pets/service 

animals during a crisis.
PET/SERVICE ANIMAL PREPAREDNESS

September 2011 Page 2

PROTECTING PETS AND 

SERVICE ANIMALS: 

HANDOUT

 Plan to Shelter in Place. 

• If you are unable to evacuate, make sure to get your pets/service animals to the safest 

point in the home. Some pets do better if they are in their crates, away from windows, or 

with covers on cages. Think through what would be most comforting. 

• Place pet rescue decals on windows and doors to alert rescue teams.

 Plan for After the Disaster. 

• Understand that following disasters, pets/animals may become defensive or fearful. 

Keep pets/service animals in control or confined until you know they will be safe. 

• Be aware of hazards such as debris, chemicals, and other substances that could harm 

them. 

EVACUATING OTHER TYPES OF ANIMALS

Small Animals • Use a secure, covered carrier or cage to transport most small mammals 

(ferrets, hamsters, gerbils, rats, mice, guinea pigs, etc.).

• Make sure to include necessary dietary supplements, exercise 

equipment, and extra bedding materials.

Large Animals If you have large animals such as horses, cattle, sheep, goats, or pigs on 

your property, be sure to prepare before a disaster. Use the following 

guidelines:

• Ensure all animals have some form of identification.

• Evacuate animals whenever possible. Map out primary and secondary 

routes in advance.

• Make available vehicles and trailers needed for transporting and 

supporting each type of animal. Also make available experienced 

handlers and drivers. (Note: It is best to allow animals a chance to

become accustomed to vehicular travel so they are less frightened and 

easier to move.)

• Ensure destinations have food, water, veterinary care, and handling 

equipment.

Note: If evacuation is not possible, animal owners must decide whether to 

move large animals to shelter or turn them outside.
PET/SERVICE ANIMAL PREPAREDNESS

September 2011 Page 3

PROTECTING PETS AND 

SERVICE ANIMALS: 

HANDOUT

EVACUATING OTHER TYPES OF ANIMALS

Birds • Use small, secure, covered carriers to avoid injury when transporting. 

Note: If traveling in cold weather, always warm the interior of your 

vehicle before moving your bird(s) from the house to the vehicle.

• Transfer your bird(s) to a standard cage upon arrival at the evacuation 

site; covering the cage may reduce stress; this transfer should occur in a 

small, enclosed room to reduce the risk of escape. Note: Birds should 

be kept in quiet areas and not allowed out of the cage in unfamiliar 

surroundings. Fresh food and water should be provided daily, and a hot 

water bottle for warming birds in cold weather.

Reptiles • Use a pillowcase, cloth sack, or small transport carrier. Note: Because 

most reptiles do not eat daily, feeding during evacuation circumstances 

may increase stress. 

• Transfer your pet to a secure cage at the evacuation site as soon as 

possible and if appropriate. The enclosure should, if possible, be placed 

in a controlled environment, away from areas of heavy traffic, loud 

noises, and vibrations. Make sure that the container housing the reptile 

is escape proof.

Amphibians • Use watertight plastic bags, such as the ones used for pet fish transport, 

or plastic containers, such as plastic shoeboxes or plastic food 

containers with snap-on lids to transport amphibians.

• Take care to monitor water and air temperature, humidity, lighting, and 

nutrition during the time that the animal will be in the evacuation facility.

• For terrestrial or semiaquatic amphibians use a tiny amount of water, or 

moistened paper towels, clean foam rubber, or moss as a suitable 

substrate.

• For aquatic species, fill the plastic bag one-third full of water, then inflate 

the bag with fresh air and close with a knot or rubber band. It is best to 

use clean water from the animal’s enclosure to minimize physiologic 

stress.

• Take an extra container of water, clean moist paper towels, or clean 

moss as appropriate in case any of your pet’s containers break or leak.
Activity Title: Rx for Readiness
Rx FOR READINESS

September 2011 Page 1

“STAY HEALTHY” KIT:

HANDOUT

ACTIVITY: STARTING A “STAY HEALTHY” KIT

In an emergency or natural disaster, first responders and health care providers may be 

overwhelmed just trying to respond to the event. Transportation may be cut off, keeping you or 

health care providers from reaching hospitals and clinics. Phone lines may be down, or you 

may have to evacuate your neighborhood with little notice. For all of those reasons, it’s 

important to keep medical supplies, records, and prescriptions on hand and to know how to do 

simple first aid and CPR. 

Also, in a natural disaster or severe weather, contagious diseases can spread, particularly if 

basic services like water are out. Fortunately, simple preventive measures can help you avoid 

getting or spreading diseases.

 “Stay Healthy” Kit

• Put a week’s supply of medicines in a plastic bag and label it with the family member’s 

name. Include any needed testing equipment (such as a glucose meter or test strips). 

(Tip: If you take multiple medications every day, you may want to prepare a pill-a-day 

container for the week. Note: Talk to your medical provider about getting refills in 

advance.)

• Also include denture supplies, extra eyeglasses, contact lenses, hearing aids, and 

related supplies.

• Include a list of prescription medicines, copies of medical insurance, Medicare/Medicaid 

cards, and a list of medical conditions, known allergies, etc. (See next pages.)

• Place tags on specialized equipment (oxygen, feeding pumps, etc.) with operating 

instructions so that someone unfamiliar with the items can provide help.

• Include first aid supplies (bandages, cotton washcloths, cleaning agent/soap, hydrogen 

peroxide/isopropyl alcohol, antiseptic cream, and aspirin or an aspirin substitute). 

• Pack all the items in plastic bags or a container to keep them as dry and airtight as 

possible, and store in an easy-to-find location.

Tip: If your medicine needs refrigeration and the power goes out, most medicines can 

be kept in a closed refrigerator for several hours without a problem. If you’re unsure, 

contact your physician or pharmacist.
Rx FOR READINESS

September 2011 Page 2

“STAY HEALTHY” KIT:

HANDOUT

 Preventive Measures

• Make sure everyone in the household is up to date on required vaccinations.

• Clean contaminated surfaces. A recent study found a strain of the flu virus was present 

on 60% of common household items in homes with just one sick child.

• If possible, avoid crowded places when diseases are going around.

• Ask household members to cover their noses and mouths with a tissue when they cough 

or sneeze. Throw tissues away after use. If tissues are unavailable, sneeze or cough 

into the crook of the arm.

• Wash hands often with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing. If water 

is unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. If individuals are sensitive to the 

odor, try getting unscented wipes. Want to know how long to wash your hands? Hum 

the “Happy Birthday” song all the way through twice while washing.

• Avoid touching eyes, noses, and mouths. Germs spread this way.
Rx FOR READINESS

September 2011 Page 3

“STAY HEALTHY” KIT:

HANDOUT

Household Health Information Sheet

If there is a medical or other emergency, a list of health information will be important. Fill in 

information for each household member in the space provided. Make copies for your home, 

your car(s), children’s school(s), and your place(s) of work.

1. Household Member Information

Household 

Member Allergies/Medical Conditions Medications Dosage
Rx FOR READINESS

September 2011 Page 4

“STAY HEALTHY” KIT:

HANDOUT

Household Health Information Sheet

2. Emergency Contacts (You may want to program these contacts into your cell phone 

directory!)

Contact Name & Phone Number

Local personal emergency contact

Out-of-town personal emergency contact

Hospital near home

Hospital near work

Hospital near school(s)

Physician(s)

Specialist(s) (including counselors)

Local public health office 

Pharmacy

Employer(s) contact and emergency 

information

School(s) contact and emergency information

Veterinarian
Rx FOR READINESS

September 2011 Page 1

GERM BUSTERS 

ACTIVITIES

What’s a Germ?

Germs are very small living things that can cause people to get sick. Germs can cause you to 

get a stomach ache or make you sneeze. They are so small that you can’t see them unless you 

use a high-powered microscope.

Where Do Germs Live?

Germs can live on many common objects, and we spread them around by what we touch. Let’s 

see how far germs can travel.

1. Rub a thin coating of cooking oil or petroleum jelly on one family member’s hands.

2. Next, sprinkle glitter, nutmeg, or cinnamon on the hands. Be sure to tell your kids not to 

touch their noses or eyes while the pretend germs are on their hands. Explain that this 

individual now has pretend germs.

3. Tell the family to continue their activities for the next 10 minutes. As an alternative, you can 

play cards, catch, or a board game. 

4. At the end of the time, ask the family to find all the places where the germs spread.

5. Demonstrate how to clean these areas and objects that now have the germs. 

Wash Away Germs!

1. If you did not do the above activity, sprinkle glitter, nutmeg, or cinnamon on your children’s 

hands. Be sure to tell them not to touch their noses or eyes while the pretend germs are on 

their hands.

2. Have the children wash their hands without soap. The “germs” won’t come off.

3. Next, add soap—and watch those “germs” disappear. Tell the children they now have 

learned to be an official germ buster!

4. While they’re washing: 

• Teach your children to wash their hands frequently.

• Wash hands with soap and water for 20 seconds—the time it takes to sing the “Happy 

Birthday” song twice.

• Remind your children to wash their hands at school, too.

5. Consider creating a handwashing chart to track each time your child washes his or her 

hands. Provide a reward once the goal is met.
Rx FOR READINESS

September 2011 Page 2

GERM BUSTERS 

ACTIVITIES

Germs in Flight

1. Explain that when you sneeze or cough, germs can also travel through the air like tiny, 

invisible flying objects.

2. Hold up a spray bottle with water in it. Spray the water above your family members. Ask 

who felt the water.

3. Explain that spraying the water shows how germs can be spread by a sneeze or cough. 

4. Demonstrate how to use tissues or your elbow to cover a sneeze or cough. Cover your 

nose and mouth with a tissue every time you cough or sneeze. Throw the used tissue in a 

wastebasket. If you don’t have a tissue, sneeze or cough into your sleeve. You can learn 

more at the following Web address: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/covercough.htm

Graphics from the “Cover Your Cough” flyers and posters 

are property of the Minnesota Department of Health.
Activity Title: Going Off Grid: Utility Outages
GOING OFF GRID: UTILITY OUTAGES

September 2011 Page 1

OUTAGE CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

Important Phone Numbers

• Electric company phone number/Web 

site:

• Natural gas company phone 

number/Web site:

• Water company phone number/Web 

site

• Plumbing company phone number/Web 

site:

• Oil/gas heat service phone 

number/Web site:

• Telephone company phone 

number/Web site: 

• For more information about outages 

and public shelters, listen to or contact:

If you use medical equipment that requires electricity to operate, register with your 

power company and health care provider to learn about alternatives. 

Assess Your Neighborhood

• If there is a utility outage, who may need extra support because of their functional or medical 

needs?

• Does anyone in the neighborhood have special skills who can help others? 

Electricity Outages

 Locate and label utility shutoff (see diagram at the end of this handout).

 Post instructions next to fuse box or circuit breaker.

 Are there enough flashlights on hand (at least one for each person in the house)? Are the 

batteries working? (Tip: Store batteries in the refrigerator for longer life.)

 Do not use candles. They are a fire hazard. 

 Keep on hand ready-to-eat meals that don’t require cooking or cooling.
GOING OFF GRID: UTILITY OUTAGES

September 2011 Page 2

OUTAGE CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

Electricity Outages (Continued)

 Freeze water in plastic water bottles or old milk containers, leaving about an inch at the top 

for frozen water to expand. When placed in a refrigerator and freezer, they will keep food 

cold for several hours.

 Know where to get dry ice to keep food cold as necessary.

 Are there cordless phones that need electricity to run? If so, what can be used as a 

backup? (Standard telephone with cord, cell phone, etc.)

 Find a new or used battery-operated radio to get updates on information, shelters, etc.

 Is there an alternate heating source? Make sure it is properly vented and in good working 

order. Make sure all chimneys are clean and all flues are operational. Do you have enough 

wood, pellets, or heating fuel?

 If heating system involves an electronic ignition or fan, know who to call for service/restarting 

assistance.

 If there is an electric garage door opener, where is the manual release? Post instructions 

on how to use it and practice!

 When possible, keep car gas tanks at least half full. Gas stations need electricity to power 

the pumps.

When the power goes out . . .

• Are all the pots and pans off the stove? Are the stove range and oven turned off?

• If you have a space heater, make sure it’s at least 3 feet away from furniture or other 

flammable objects. Keep it unplugged when not in use.

• In cold weather, maximize heat coming from the sun. Open shades, curtains, or louvers so 

that sun may heat the glass. Close them when the sun is no longer shining directly to hold 

in the heat. In hot weather, minimize heat by closing shades, curtains, and louvers.

POST THIS PAGE IN YOUR HOME!
GOING OFF GRID: UTILITY OUTAGES

September 2011 Page 3

OUTAGE CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

Natural Gas Outages

 Locate and label gas shutoff valve(s). There may be more than one (see diagram at the end 

of this handout). 

 Post shutoff instructions near the meter and make sure a nonsparking wrench is stored 

nearby.

 If your gas meter is located inside your home, you should only shut off gas flow when 

instructed to by local authorities. 

Also see “Electricity Outages” above for more tips.

Water Outages

 Locate and label main water cutoff. Make sure any special tools needed are stored nearby. 

(Tip: The main water cutoff is usually on the outside wall of the house where the water 

meter is. With a well, the cutoff is usually on the well pump.) 

 Have 3 days of drinking water stored (1 gallon of water per person per day). 

If pipes may freeze . . .

• Wrap insulation, tape, newspapers, or rags around them. 

• Store water in buckets or bathtubs to flush toilets.

• Leave water trickling out of the faucets.

If pipes do freeze . . . 

• Remove any insulation or newspaper and wrap them in rags.

• Completely open all the faucets. If you can still heat water, pour hot water over the pipes, 

starting with where they are most cold. If you have electricity, try using a blow dryer. 

If pipes burst . . .

• Know where circuit breakers and fuses are and how to shut off the power. See “Electricity 

Outages” above. 

• Never enter a flooded basement or walk through standing water to shut off electrical supply 

because water conducts electricity.
GOING OFF GRID: UTILITY OUTAGES

September 2011 Page 4

OUTAGE CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

Phone Outages

 Have on hand a backup way to communicate (cell phone, computer via cable connection, 

etc.).

Shutting Off Electricity

Unscrew individual fuses or switch off smaller breakers first, then pull the main switch or 

breaker. When restoring power, turn on main switch or breaker, then screw in smaller fuses or 

turn on smaller breakers, one at a time.

Circuit Breaker Box With Shutoff

Shutoff steps: 

Step 1: Shut off individual breakers. 

Step 2: Shut off main breaker.

Fuse Box With Shutoff

Shutoff steps: 

Step 1: Pull out individual fuses. 

Step 2: Pull out main fuse.
GOING OFF GRID: UTILITY OUTAGES

September 2011 Page 5

OUTAGE CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

Shutting Off Gas

The gas meter shutoff diagram indicates the shutoff valve location on the pipe that comes out of 

the ground. To turn off the valve, use a nonsparking wrench to turn the valve clockwise onequarter turn. Remember that, in all cases, natural gas flow should only be turned on by a 

licensed technician. 

Please note: Some gas meters have automatic shutoff valves that restrict the flow of gas during 

an earthquake or other emergency. These are installed by a licensed plumber, downstream of 

the utility point of delivery. If you are unsure whether your home has this shutoff device, contact 

your gas service company. If this shutoff device is closed, only a qualified professional should 

restore it.

Gas Meter in the Home

If you smell gas or see the dials on your meter showing gas is flowing even though appliances 

are turned off, you should evacuate the premises and call 911. Do not attempt to shut off the 

gas from inside the building if gas may be in the air. 

Gas Meter Outside the Home

You should turn off the meter from outside the building if you smell gas or you see dials on the 

meter showing gas is flowing even though appliances are turned off. If there is a fire that you 

cannot extinguish, call 911 and turn off the gas only if it is safe to do so. 
GOING OFF GRID: UTILITY OUTAGES

September 2011 Page 6

OUTAGE CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

Keep the refrigerator and freezer doors closed. Food should be okay for around 4 hours. Refer 

to the chart below to know when to save food and when to throw it out.

FOOD IN REFRIGERATOR Held above 40 °F for 

over 2 hours

MEAT, POULTRY, SEAFOOD: Any raw, leftover, or thawing. 

Also includes soy meat substitutes, salads, lunch meats, pizza, 

cans that have been opened, fish, or meat sauces.

Discard

CHEESE: Any soft cheeses, shredded cheeses, or low-fat 

cheeses Discard

Hard cheeses such as cheddar, colby, swiss, parmesan, 

provolone, romano, or hard cheeses grated in can or jar Safe

DAIRY: Milk, cream, sour cream, buttermilk, evaporated milk, 

yogurt, eggnog, soy milk, opened baby formula Discard

Butter, margarine Safe

EGGS: All eggs and egg products, such as puddings Discard

CASSEROLES, SOUPS, STEWS Discard

FRUITS: Fresh fruits, cut Discard

Opened fruit juices or canned fruits, along with fresh fruits, 

coconut, raisins, dried fruits, candied fruits, dates Safe

SAUCES, SPREADS, JAMS: Opened mayonnaise, tartar 

sauce, horseradish

Discard if above 50 °F 

for over 8 hours

Other sauces, including soy, barbecue, taco. Also peanut butter, 

jelly, relish, mustard, catsup, olives, pickles, and vinegar-based 

dressings.

Safe

Opened creamy-based dressings and opened spaghetti sauce Discard

BREAD, CAKES, COOKIES, PASTA, GRAINS, PASTRY: 

Bread, rolls, cakes, muffins, quick breads, tortillas, waffles, 

pancakes, bagels, fruit pies

Safe

All other rolls, dough, cooked pasta, rice, potatoes, pasta salads, 

fresh pasta, cheesecake, cream-filled pastries or pie Discard

VEGETABLES: Fresh raw vegetables or mushrooms, herbs, 

spices Safe

All other pre-cut, pre-washed, cooked vegetables, tofu, opened 

vegetable juice, garlic in oil, potato salad Discard
GOING OFF GRID: UTILITY OUTAGES

September 2011 Page 7

OUTAGE CHECKLIST:

HANDOUT

FOOD IN FREEZER

Still contains ice crystals 

and feels as cold as if 

refrigerated

Thawed; held above 

40 °F for over 

2 hours

MEAT, POULTRY, SEAFOOD

Refreeze. However, seafood 

will have some texture and 

flavor loss.

Discard

DAIRY: Milk and soft or semisoft cheese

Refreeze. May lose some 

texture. Discard

Eggs (out of shell) and egg 

products Refreeze Discard

Ice cream, frozen yogurt Discard Discard

Hard and shredded cheeses, 

casseroles with dairy products, 

cheesecake

Refreeze Refreeze

FRUITS: Juices, packaged fruits

Refreeze. However, home or 

commercially packaged fruits 

will have texture and flavor 

change.

Refreeze. Discard if 

mold, yeasty smell, 

or sliminess 

develops.

VEGETABLES: Juices, 

packaged vegetables

Refreeze. Vegetables may 

suffer texture and flavor loss.

Discard after held 

above 40 °F for 

6 hours

BREADS, PASTRIES: Breads, 

rolls, muffins, cakes (without 

custard fillings)

Refreeze Refreeze

Cakes, pies, pastries with custard 

or cheese filling Refreeze Discard

Pie crusts, commercial and 

homemade bread dough

Refreeze. Some quality loss 

may occur.

Refreeze. Quality 

loss is considerable.

OTHER: Casseroles – pasta, 

rice based Refreeze Discard

Flour, cornmeal, nuts, waffles, 

pancakes, bagels Refreeze Refreeze

Frozen meals Refreeze Discard

For more information, see http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/emergency/index.html
Activity Title: Coming Home After a Disaster
COMING HOME AFTER A DISASTER

September 2011 Page 1

WHO DOES WHAT?

HANDOUT

ACTIVITY: WHO HANDLES WHAT KINDS OF REPAIRS?

Tasks the Homeowner Can Usually Do:

(Tip: Follow the steps outlined in Repairing Your 

Flooded Home.)

 Document the damage with photographs.

 Sort contents to be repaired or discarded.

 Dry the ceiling, walls, and floors.

 Dry and clean electrical circuits and boxes (if code allows).

 Remove minor debris such as branches and trash.

 Check the gas or oil system.

 Fix leaky pipes.

 Check sewage disposal system.

 Clean building and contents.

 Check sources of financial assistance.

 Raise appliances off the ground and complete other minor floodproofing projects. 

Jobs That Usually Require Professional Services:

Type of Service/Repair Company Name and Contact Information

Make structural repairs

Restore electrical and/or gas service

Repair, install, tape, and finish wallboard

Check whether water is safe to drink Try contacting local health department. Put 

phone number here:

Remove major debris such as trees

Clean and repair electrical and gas 

appliances

Clean furniture and carpeting

PLACE THIS PAGE IN YOUR 

DISASTER KIT!
COMING HOME AFTER A DISASTER

September 2011 Page 1

RECOVERY ACTION

PLAN: HANDOUT

ACTIVITY: RETURNING HOME

Check the items that you think would apply to your 

location. Use a colored highlighter or special mark to 

indicate any items where you would need assistance 

from a professional source.

Assess the Situation:

 Walk carefully around the outside and check for loose power lines, gas leaks, and structural 

damage. If you have any doubts about safety, have your residence inspected by a qualified 

building inspector or structural engineer before entering.

 Watch out for animals, especially poisonous snakes. Use a stick to poke through debris.

Other: __________________________________________________________________

Do not enter if . . .

• You smell gas.

• Floodwaters remain around the building.

• Your home was damaged by fire and the authorities have not declared it safe.

Document Damage, Inside and Out:

 Take pictures of flood damage and your cleanup efforts. Photographs are extremely helpful 

in documenting damage for insurance purposes. Keep good records, including how much of 

your personal time was spent on debris removal and cleanup. 

 Record the amount of time it took you to clean up. 

 If you hire cleanup or repair contractors, be sure they are qualified to do the job. Be wary of 

people who drive through neighborhoods offering help in cleaning up or repairing your 

home. Check references.

PLACE THIS PAGE IN YOUR 

DISASTER KIT!
COMING HOME AFTER A DISASTER

September 2011 Page 2

RECOVERY ACTION

PLAN: HANDOUT

Check Utilities:

 When re-entering the building, use flashlights instead of lanterns or candles, in case there's 

a gas leak. Use a battery-powered flashlight to inspect a damaged home. The flashlight 

should be turned on outside before entering. The battery could produce a spark that could 

ignite leaking gas, if present.

 Do not use matches or any type of flame until you are sure there are no gas leaks, and the 

area has been aired out. Check to see if any pilot lights are out. 

 Call the gas company to turn the gas back on. Don't try to do it yourself. Check with your 

propane supplier if you are unsure how to service your propane tank yourself.

 Be sure the electricity is turned off. In case of severe flooding, do not use the electricity until 

a licensed electrician has checked your home. 

 Have a professional check your heating system and electrical system before using them.

In case of flooding . . .

• Pump out wells and have the water tested by authorities before drinking. Do not flush toilets 

until you know that sewage lines are intact.

• After outside floodwaters have receded, drain only about 1/3 of the water in your basement 

initially. Outside pressure pushing against your basement walls can cause the basement 

walls to collapse. Start by pumping the water level down 2-3 feet, then mark the level and 

wait overnight. If the water level goes up, wait 24 hours, and then repeat the process.

• Septic systems will not work until the groundwater level is below the distribution lines.

Check Consumables and Appliances:

 Destroy all fresh or frozen food, medicine, toiletries, and cosmetics that have been in 

contact with floodwater or stored without proper refrigeration.

 If you suspect your water supply is contaminated, have it tested.

 If any appliances were touched by floodwater, have them checked by a qualified 

serviceperson before operating them.
COMING HOME AFTER A DISASTER

September 2011 Page 3

RECOVERY ACTION

PLAN: HANDOUT

Protect Yourself

Because standard homeowners insurance does not cover flooding, it is important to have 

protection from the floods associated with hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rains, and 

other conditions. 

In 1968, Congress created the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) to help provide a 

means for property owners to financially protect themselves. The NFIP offers flood 

insurance to homeowners, renters, and business owners if their community participates in 

the NFIP. Participating communities agree to adopt and enforce ordinances that meet or 

exceed FEMA requirements to reduce the risk of flooding. 

Find out more about the NFIP and how it can help you protect yourself at 

http://www.floodsmart.gov
Activity Title: Preparedness: The Whole Community
PREPAREDNESS: THE WHOLE COMMUNITY

September 2011 Page 1

THE WHOLE COMMUNITY:

HANDOUT

Community preparedness is a key priority in 

lessening the impact of disasters. It is 

critical that all community members take 

steps to prepare in advance of an event.

Effective community preparedness occurs 

at all levels including: 

• Government

• Public and Private Sectors

• Neighborhood

• Individuals and Households

Government

Government has the responsibility to:

• Develop, test, and refine emergency operations plans. 

• Ensure emergency responders have adequate skills and resources, and provide services to 

protect and assist their citizens. 

• Involve the community in the planning process.

• Provide reliable, actionable information.

• Encourage training, practicing, and volunteer programs. 

Government emergency service providers include: 

• Emergency Management: Prepares for and coordinates response and recovery to 

disasters.

• Law Enforcement: Maintains law and order.

• Fire and Rescue: Protects life and property.

• Emergency Medical Services: Provides preventative and emergency medical services.

• Public Works: Maintains and repairs infrastructure such as roads, bridges, water, sewage, 

utilities, etc.

• Human Services: Provides food, shelter, and counseling following a disaster.
PREPAREDNESS: THE WHOLE COMMUNITY

September 2011 Page 2

THE WHOLE COMMUNITY:

HANDOUT

Private-Sector and Nongovernmental Organizations

The private and public sectors have a responsibility to participate in community preparedness. 

• The private sector is a key partner in incident management activities at all levels. The 

private sector:

• Is responsible for most of the critical infrastructure (i.e., telephone services, banking) in 

the Nation and thus may require assistance in the wake of a disaster or emergency. 

• Provides goods and services critical to the response and recovery process, either on a 

paid basis or through donations.

• Nongovernmental and voluntary organizations are essential partners in responding to 

incidents. Nongovernmental and voluntary organizations assist in providing:

• Sheltering, emergency food supplies, counseling services, and other vital services to 

support response and promote the recovery of disaster victims. 

• Specialized services that help individuals with special needs, including those with 

disabilities. 

Individuals and Households

Individuals and households play an important role in the 

overall emergency management strategy by:

• Reducing hazards in and around their homes. 

• Preparing an emergency supply kit and household 

emergency plan.

• Monitoring emergency communications carefully. 

• Volunteering with an established organization. 

• Enrolling in emergency response training courses. 
PREPAREDNESS: THE WHOLE COMMUNITY

September 2011 Page 3

THE WHOLE COMMUNITY:

HANDOUT

Individuals and Households (Continued)

All members of the community should: 

• Learn about community alerts and warnings, evacuation routes, and how to get critical 

information.

• Take training in preparedness, first aid, and response skills.

• Practice skills and personal plans through periodic drills in multiple settings.

• Network and be able to help others.

• Participate in community feedback opportunities.

• Report suspicious activity.

• Volunteer.

Engaging the Whole Community

Citizen Corps is the grassroots movement to strengthen 

community safety and preparedness through increased 

engagement of all sectors of the community. Citizen Corps is 

administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, but implemented locally. The 

goal of Citizen Corps is to make communities safer, more prepared, and more resilient when 

incidents occur. 

Citizen Corps Councils bring government and community leaders together to ensure emergency 

plans more effectively reflect the community. The goals of the Councils are to: 

• Tailor activities to reach all sectors of the community.

• Identify and build on existing strengths. 

• Increase collaboration between government and community. 

• Expand integration of community resources into plans and protocols. 

• Encourage personal/organizational preparedness through outreach, training, and exercises.

• Promote volunteer opportunities for ongoing community safety and surge capacity in 

disasters.
PREPAREDNESS: THE WHOLE COMMUNITY

September 2011 Page 4

THE WHOLE COMMUNITY:

HANDOUT

Get Involved

Preparedness requires active participation from all. 

• Start the process by talking to your friends and family about the hazards in your area and 

what steps you all need to take to be able to help each other in a crisis – large or small. 

• Ask about emergency planning at your workplace, your schools, your place of worship, and 

other social settings. 

• Make sure government officials have a plan and are connected to community authorities on 

emergency management and planning. 

• Consider volunteer opportunities to get your community better 

prepared for any emergency, including: 

• Become a Community Emergency Response Team 

(CERT) member. The CERT Program educates people 

about disaster preparedness for hazards that may affect 

their area. The program trains team members in basic 

disaster response skills, such as fire safety, light search 

and rescue, team organization, and disaster medical operations. 

Using the training learned in the classroom and during exercises, CERT members can 

assist others in their neighborhood or workplace following an event when professional 

responders are not immediately available to help. For more information go to: 

https://www.citizencorps.gov/cert/

• Volunteer with a nonprofit organization and be trained before the next disaster. There 

are many organizations and faith-based groups in your community that have active 

disaster programs and need volunteers. The following groups offer a wide range of 

services following a disaster:

• http://www.nvoad.org/

• http://www.serve.gov/

• http://www.citizencorps.gov/

• http://handsonnetwork.org/

• http://www1.networkforgood.org/

• http://www.redcross.org/en/volunteer