Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18 

Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

Prepared for:

U.S. Department of Education

Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development

Office of the Chief Data Officer

Prepared by:

Amy Yamashiro

John McLaughlin

U.S. Department of Education

2020
This publication contains information about and from outside organizations, including hyperlinks and 

URLs. Inclusion of such information does not constitute an endorsement by the Department.

U.S. Department of Education

Betsy DeVos

Secretary

Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development

James Blew

Assistant Secretary

Office of the Chief Data Officer

Gregory Fortelny

Chief Data Officer

October 2020 

This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted. While

permission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: Yamashiro, Amy &

McLaughlin, John (2020). Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18. U.S.

Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation and Policy Development, Office of the Chief

Data Officer. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/opepd/ppss/reports.html. 

Availability of Alternate Formats

Requests for documents in alternate formats such as Braille or large print should be submitted to the

Alternate Format Center by calling 202-260-0852 or by contacting the 504 coordinator via email at

om_eeos@ed.gov. 

Notice to Limited English Proficient Persons

If you have difficulty understanding English, you may request language assistance services for

Department information that is available to the public. These language assistance services are available

free of charge. If you need more information about interpretation or translation services, please call 1-

800-USA-LEARN (1-800-872-5327) (TTY: 1-800-437-0833), or email us at:

Ed.Language.Assistance@ed.gov. Or write to: U.S. Department of Education, Information Resource

Center, LBJ Education Building, 400 Maryland Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20202.

Content Contact:

Amy Yamashiro

Phone: 202-453-5577

Email: amy.yamashiro@ed.gov
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer |i

Contents

List of Exhibits iii

Data Highlights iv

Introduction 1

References 7 

Profiles

National 8 

Alabama 9 

Alaska 10 

Arizona 11 

Arkansas 12 

California 13 

Colorado 14 

Connecticut 15 

Delaware 16 

District of Columbia 17 

Florida 18 

Georgia 19

Hawaii 20 

Idaho 21 

Illinois 22 

Indiana 23 

Iowa 24 

Kansas 25 

Kentucky 26 

Louisiana 27 

Maine 28 

Maryland 29

Massachusetts 30 

Michigan 31 

Minnesota 32 

Mississippi 33 

Missouri 34 

Montana 35 

Nebraska 36 

Nevada 37 

New Hampshire 38 

New Jersey 39
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer |ii

New Mexico 40 

New York 41 

North Carolina 42 

North Dakota 43 

Ohio 44 

Oklahoma 45 

Oregon 46 

Pennsylvania 47 

Puerto Rico 48 

Rhode Island 49

South Carolina 50 

South Dakota 51 

Tennessee 52 

Texas 53 

Utah 54 

Vermont 55 

Virginia 56

Washington 57 

West Virginia 58

Wisconsin 59

Wyoming 60 

Appendix I: Data Sources and Methodology 61 

Data Sources 61 

Methodology 62 

Early Childhood Homelessness 62 

Early Childhood Education for Children Experiencing Homelessness 64 

Related Factors 65 

References 65 

Appendix II: Federal Definitions of Homelessness 66 

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act Definition 66 

HEARTH Act Definition 67 

Appendix III: Federally-Funded Early Childhood Programs 69

Head Start 69

Child Care and Development Fund 69

Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting 70 

McKinney-Vento Education for Homeless Children and Youth Act 71 
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer |iii

List of Exhibits

Exhibit 1: Number of children under age six by jurisdiction from 2014 to 2018 3 

Exhibit 2: Number and percentage of children under age six experiencing homelessness by 

jurisdiction from 2013-14 to 2017-18 4 

Exhibit 3: Number and percentage of children under age six experiencing homelessness 

served by federally-funded education programs from 2013-14 to 2017-18 5 

Exhibit 4: Percentage of children living in families with high housing cost burden (housing) 

and children under age six with no parent in the labor force (labor) from 2013 to 

2017 6 
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer |iv

Data Highlights

This report presents a five-year trend of children under age six who are experiencing 

homelessness at the national level, in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. It 

uses data collected from 2013-14 to 2017-18 by the Administration for Children and Families 

(ACF) and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) within the 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and by the U.S. Department of Education 

(ED). It also includes publicly available data from the U.S. Census Bureau (Census), the U.S. 

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) (2014 to 2018), and from the Annie E. 

Casey Foundation (2013 to 2017). In January 2016, ACF released Early Childhood Homelessness 

50-State Profiles as part of an interagency early childhood workgroup of the U.S. Interagency 

Council on Homelessness (USICH),

1

1 2016 Report: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ecd/homelessness_profile_package_blanks_final.pdf. 

which included member agencies ACF and ASPE within 

HHS, ED, HUD, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). ACF released a second state 

profile report in 2017 and then ED issued annual reports in 2018, 2019, and 2020.

2

2 2017 Report: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ecd/epfp_50_state_profiles_6_15_17_508.pdf; 2018 

Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhood-homelessness-state-profiles.pdf; 

2019 Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhood-homelessness-stateprofiles-2019.pdf; 2020 Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhoodhomelessness-state-profiles-2020.pdf

This report

presents five-year trends for the data collected from 2013-14 to 2017-18 by jurisdiction to 

inform policymakers, practitioners, and researchers on the change in the size and service 

coverage of young children experiencing homelessness. Homeless children and youths lack a 

fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. Having five-year trend data helps 

policymakers and the public understand the evolving prevalence and nature of early childhood 

homelessness.

National Level

• In 2017-18, 1,455,537, or six percent,

3

3 Source: U.S. Department of Education. Total number of homeless students enrolled in LEAs with or without 

McKinney---Vento subgrants.

of children under age six experienced

homelessness, which is higher than the 1,249,279, or five percent, of children under age 

six experiencing homelessness in 2013-14. 

• In 2017-18, 126,044, or nine percent,

4

4 The estimated number of children may be slightly inflated due to a small number of children who receive 

services from both Head Start/Early Head Start and the McKinney-Vento program. Sources: U.S. Department of 

Education. Homeless children and youth served by McKinney---Vento subgrants, and the HHS, ACF, Office of Head 

Start. Program information report: Total number of children experiencing homelessness that were served during 

the enrollment year. 

of children under age six experiencing 

homelessness enrolled in Head Start and Early Head Start, or programs funded with 

McKinney---Vento subgrants. This is higher than the 99,003, or eight percent, of children 
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer |v

under age six experiencing homelessness enrolled in federally-funded programs in 2013-

14. Note this enrollment rate does not include children enrolled in early childhood 

programs that are state and locally funded.

• In 2017, 31 percent of children under age 18 living in families had a high housing cost 

burden (defined as spending 30 percent or more of monthly income on housing

expenses), which is lower than the 36 percent in 2013.

5

5 Source: The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT data center. Children living in households with a high 

housing cost burden.

• In 2017, eight percent of children under age six had no resident parent in the labor force 

in the United States, which is lower than the 10 percent in 2013.6

6 Source: The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT data center. Children under age six with no resident parent 

in the labor force in the United States.

State Level 

• From 2013-14 to 2017-18, more than 100,000 children under age six experienced

homelessness in each of California, New York, and Texas. More than 30,000 children

under age six experienced homelessness in each of Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Michigan, 

and Washington.

7

7 Source: U.S. Department of Education. Total number of homeless students enrolled in LEAs with or without 

McKinney---Vento subgrants. 

• From 2013-14 to 2017-18, more than 5,000 children under age six experiencing 

homelessness were served by Head Start and Early Head Start and McKinney-Vento in 

each of California, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas.

8

8 Sources: U.S. Department of Education. Homeless children and youth served by McKinney---Vento subgrants, and 

the HHS, ACF, Office of Head Start. Program information report: Total number of children experiencing 

homelessness that were served during the enrollment year. 

• Seven states or jurisdictions (California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, 

Hawaii, New Jersey, and New York) had one third or more of children under age 18 living 

in families experiencing a high housing cost burden (defined as spending 30 percent or 

more of monthly income on housing expenses) from 2013 to 2017.9

9 Source: The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT data center. Children living in households with a high 

housing cost burden.

• Seven states or jurisdictions (Alabama, District of Columbia, Louisiana, Mississippi, New 

Mexico, Rhode Island, and West Virginia) had more than 10 percent of children under 

age six whose resident parents were not in the civilian labor force from 2013 to 2017.10

10 Source: The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT data center. Children under age six with no resident parent 

in the labor force in the United States.
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 1

Introduction

Homelessness is a reality for many families with young children in the United States. Homeless 

children and youths lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence. In 2017, about a 

third of all people who stayed in a shelter were families with children, and nearly half of 

children served by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)-funded 

emergency and transitional housing providers were age five or younger (HUD, 2018). 

Furthermore, children under the age of one make up less than six percent of the overall child 

population in the United States, yet they constitute 10 percent of the child population served

by HUD---funded shelters (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019; HUD, 2018). In 2018, there were nearly 24 

million children under age six in the United States (Exhibit 1). In 2017–18,11

11 Data from HHS are reported by school year (i.e., 2016-17). Data from the KIDS COUNT Data Center, the 

U.S. Census Bureau, HUD are reported for the calendar, rather than school, year.

over 1.4 million, or 

six percent, of children under age six were experiencing homelessness (Exhibit 2), and of these 

126,044, or nine percent, were served by federally-funded education programs (Exhibit 3).

In January 2016, the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) released Early Childhood 

Homelessness 50-State Profiles12

12 2016 Report: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ecd/homelessness_profile_package_blanks_final.pdf. 

as part of an interagency early childhood workgroup of the 

U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH).13

13 Member agencies included ACF and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE) for 

the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U.S. Department of Education (ED), HUD, and the U.S. 

Department of Agriculture (USDA).

 ACF released a second state profile in 

2017 and then the U.S. Department of Education (ED) issued reports in 2018, 2019, and 2020.

14

14 2017 Report: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ecd/epfp_50_state_profiles_6_15_17_508.pdf; 2018 

Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhood-homelessness-state-profiles.pdf; 

2019 Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhood-homelessness-stateprofiles-2019.pdf; 2020 Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhoodhomelessness-state-profiles-2020.pdf

This report presents the five-year trend for publicly available data collected from 2013-14 to 

2017-18 by ED, the U.S. Census Bureau (Census), HUD (2014 to 2018), and the Annie E. Casey 

Foundation (2013 to 2017). Its purpose is to inform policymakers, practitioners, and 

researchers on the change in the size and service coverage of young children experiencing 

homelessness during this five-year period. 

Research has established a strong connection between a young child’s early experiences and 

brain development. The early years of life can provide a strong or weak foundation for all 

future learning, behavior, and health (National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 

2007).15

15 National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (2007). The Timing and Quality of Early Experiences Combine 

to Shape Brain Architecture: Working Paper No. 5. Retrieved from www.developingchild.harvard.edu

For example, “critical aspects of brain architecture begin to be shaped by experience 

before and soon after birth, and many fundamental aspects of that architecture are established 
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 2

well before a child enters school” (p. 1).16

16 Ibid.

 Homelessness in early childhood is associated with 

poor academic achievement and engagement in elementary school (Perlman & Fantuzzo, 

2010). Additionally, experiences of homelessness are associated with social-emotional delays 

among young children (Haskett et al., 2015) and poor classroom-based social skills in 

elementary school (Brumley et al., 2015). These findings underscore the importance of ensuring 

that young children who experience homelessness have access to evidence-based and 

promising educational experiences that research shows are critical to improving the long---term 

educational outcomes of children. 

This report presents five-year trends using information from the previous reports covering data 

collected from 2013-14 to 2017-18 to provide a snapshot of children under age six who are 

experiencing homelessness at the national level. The data are from the 50 States, the District of 

Columbia, and Puerto Rico—limited information is also available for selected U.S. territories—

and the following data are presented by state:

• Number of children under age six by jurisdiction from 2014 to 2018 (Exhibit 1)

• Number and percentage of children under age six experiencing homelessness by 

jurisdiction from 2013-14 to 2017-18 (Exhibit 2)

• Number and percentage of children under age six experiencing homelessness served by 

federally-funded education programs from 2013-14 to 2017-18 (i.e., Head Start17

17 Head Start, a comprehensive child development program with the overall goal of increasing the school 

readiness of young children from birth to age five in low---income families, is administered by HHS through the 

Office of Head Start at the ACF. Please note that this rate does yet not include children served by HHS’s Child 

Care and Development Fund, but that such data will be available in future years.

and 

McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act18

18 The Secretary of Education is authorized to make grants to States for the education of children and youth by 

Subtitle VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act. 

subgrants) (Exhibit 3)

This report also includes two indicators on related factors: the percentage of families 

experiencing a “high housing cost burden” (defined as spending 30 percent or more of monthly 

income on housing expenses) and the percentage of young children under age six with no 

parent in the labor force in the United States (Exhibit 4). Data on these related factors are not 

available for the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the 

Northern Mariana Islands. HHS provides information about the number of children 

experiencing homelessness served by Head Start and Early Head Start in these areas.19

19 The Secretary is authorized to reserve .1 percent of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year to be allocated 

among the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 

according to their respective need for assistance, as determined by the Secretary. (42 U.S.C. § 11432(Section 

722(c)(2)(A)).) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. § 11432(c)(2)(A))). The Secretary 

transfers 1 percent of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year to the Department of the Interior for 

programs for Indian students served by schools funded by the Secretary of the Interior. (Section 722(c)(2)(B)(i) of 

the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. § 11432(c)(2)(B)(i)).))).
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 3

Exhibit 1. Number of children under age six by jurisdiction from 2014 to 2018

Jurisdiction 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 

Alabama 354,924 352,754 351,978 352,670 351,424

Alaska 65,244 65,870 65,445 64,570 63,666

Arizona 520,472 517,199 526,448 525,528 525,522

Arkansas 230,369 229,191 229,000 230,147 228,324

California 3,013,513 3,007,598 2,996,726 2,968,604 2,938,209

Colorado 403,852 405,279 406,528 403,927 404,522

Connecticut 229,027 226,945 224,135 221,619 221,000

Delaware 67,394 67,099 66,285 66,271 65,829

District of Columbia 49,579 50,940 51,957 53,363 54,099

Florida 1,301,569 1,320,662 1,353,098 1,366,671 1,372,427

Georgia 799,184 796,792 796,791 795,614 790,899

Hawaii 108,959 109,833 109,887 108,119 105,815

Idaho 137,910 136,791 138,581 140,631 140,477

Illinois 951,210 944,173 929,954 928,356 913,456

Indiana 505,090 504,906 506,761 506,257 504,278

Iowa 235,508 237,216 238,520 238,671 238,253

Kansas 240,689 237,681 234,248 232,484 228,400

Kentucky 330,977 332,293 330,578 332,018 331,163

Louisiana 370,653 371,687 372,069 372,616 367,501

Maine 78,336 78,284 78,093 77,744 77,535

Maryland 443,609 443,350 442,708 440,206 437,720

Massachusetts 438,615 440,193 435,331 433,697 433,679

Michigan 686,845 688,381 690,184 689,060 688,327

Minnesota 419,084 421,429 423,100 426,490 427,480

Mississippi 234,738 231,834 227,284 225,468 222,830

Missouri 450,338 450,128 449,240 449,401 447,782

Montana 73,858 74,380 75,340 75,868 75,154

Nebraska 156,575 157,127 158,814 159,159 159,441

Nevada 213,406 214,028 221,541 222,864 224,164

New Hampshire 78,057 77,992 77,858 77,625 77,791

New Jersey 638,926 637,678 630,042 628,545 623,905

New Mexico 164,704 162,323 156,168 154,455 150,579

New York 1,408,752 1,414,384 1,395,060 1,394,622 1,367,038

North Carolina 733,691 729,114 729,638 732,414 732,927

North Dakota 60,814 63,128 65,348 64,182 65,112

Ohio 832,509 833,280 836,763 838,936 836,906

Oklahoma 319,091 321,719 320,424 316,994 314,101

Oregon 276,720 278,600 283,014 283,468 282,001

Pennsylvania 859,029 859,114 856,529 852,828 847,012

Puerto Rico 227,745 213,651 196,603 181,650 156,759

Rhode Island 65,838 66,134 65,690 65,743 65,211

South Carolina 351,192 350,107 352,733 353,405 352,063

South Dakota 72,510 73,218 73,435 73,933 74,445

Tennessee 481,935 483,535 487,810 490,641 488,658

Texas 2,352,055 2,384,563 2,424,168 2,431,321 2,431,014

Utah 304,416 302,921 303,991 305,069 304,884

Vermont 36,607 36,626 36,818 36,187 35,769

Virginia 616,035 617,513 613,822 614,124 613,687

Washington 536,427 538,979 546,367 549,650 556,098

West Virginia 122,832 123,682 121,485 118,831 115,617

Wisconsin 411,919 410,394 405,912 404,665 402,925

Wyoming 46,155 46,392 45,853 44,447 43,274

National 23,881,741 24,139,090 23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

Exhibit reads: In 2018, Alabama had 351,424 children under age six.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Annual Estimates of the Civilian Population by Single Year of Age and Sex for the United 

States and States. Data from 2014 to 2018.
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 4

Exhibit 2. Number and percentage of children under age six experiencing homelessness by 

jurisdiction from 2013-14 to 2017-18 

Jurisdiction Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Alabama 18,659 5% 18,471 5% 13,668 4% 15,429 4% 14,550 4%

Alaska 3,810 6% 3,865 6% 3,665 6% 3,914 6% 3,650 6%

Arizona 27,871 5% 28,420 5% 23,990 5% 24,652 5% 23,625 4%

Arkansas 10,828 5% 10,240 4% 11,607 5% 12,691 6% 13,606 6%

California 275,138 9% 220,940 7% 238,539 8% 254,654 9% 254,490 9%

Colorado 22,935 6% 22,124 5% 22,289 5% 20,399 5% 21,664 5%

Connecticut 2,871 1% 2,982 1% 3,641 2% 4,158 2% 4,857 2%

Delaware 4,214 6% 2,963 4% 3,125 5% 2,923 4% 3,374 5%

District of Columbia 3,653 7% 2,710 5% 6,063 12% 6,213 12% 7,211 13%

Florida 65,279 5% 69,325 5% 69,773 5% 72,740 5% 92,170 7%

Georgia 35,685 4% 37,097 5% 37,262 5% 37,129 5% 38,325 5%

Hawaii 2,551 2% 3,362 3% 3,671 3% 2,865 3% 2,998 3%

Idaho 6,244 5% 6,892 5% 6,918 5% 7,275 5% 7,825 6%

Illinois 52,737 6% 49,305 5% 49,344 5% 49,991 5% 51,308 6%

Indiana 17,361 3% 18,386 4% 17,300 3% 17,850 4% 18,019 4%

Iowa 6,613 3% 6,740 3% 6,561 3% 6,575 3% 6,900 3%

Kansas 10,051 4% 9,131 4% 8,973 4% 9,004 4% 8,198 4%

Kentucky 26,369 8% 27,967 8% 26,734 8% 25,981 8% 23,199 7%

Louisiana 19,759 5% 18,839 5% 19,616 5% 29,521 8% 17,743 5%

Maine 1,923 2% 1,837 2% 2,199 3% 2,436 3% 2,366 3%

Maryland 15,728 4% 15,113 3% 15,755 4% 16,583 4% 17,047 4%

Massachusetts 16,986 4% 18,283 4% 20,270 5% 20,215 5% 22,834 5%

Michigan 36,916 5% 41,276 6% 37,861 5% 35,652 5% 34,045 5%

Minnesota 13,891 3% 14,261 3% 16,029 4% 17,191 4% 16,143 4%

Mississippi 9,375 4% 9,923 4% 8,992 4% 9,665 4% 9,381 4%

Missouri 28,846 6% 29,141 6% 31,121 7% 32,791 7% 34,872 8%

Montana 2,557 3% 2,952 4% 2,908 4% 3,492 5% 3,852 5%

Nebraska 3,340 2% 3,123 2% 3,314 2% 3,479 2% 3,606 2%

Nevada 14,397 7% 16,068 8% 20,044 9% 16,237 7% 20,015 9%

New Hampshire 3,173 4% 3,165 4% 3,244 4% 3,790 5% 3,857 5%

New Jersey 9,978 2% 9,365 1% 10,064 2% 10,648 2% 12,817 2%

New Mexico 11,573 7% 9,775 6% 9,754 6% 11,259 7% 10,347 7%

New York 113,024 8% 129,809 9% 135,952 10% 143,743 10% 145,880 11%

North Carolina 23,737 3% 26,198 4% 25,531 3% 28,408 4% 27,989 4%

North Dakota 2,320 4% 2,618 4% 2,160 3% 2,085 3% 2,088 3%

Ohio 27,730 3% 26,630 3% 28,477 3% 29,428 4% 33,086 4%

Oklahoma 24,220 8% 24,591 8% 25,441 8% 26,243 8% 24,765 8%

Oregon 20,395 7% 20,586 7% 22,235 8% 23,556 8% 22,412 8%

Pennsylvania 20,638 2% 21,301 2% 22,434 3% 24,318 3% 29,659 4%

Puerto Rico 3,122 5% 3,493 2% 3,875 2% 4,587 3% 6,040 9%

Rhode Island 966 0% 978 1% 1,016 2% 1,192 2% 1,475 1%

South Carolina 12,406 4% 12,835 4% 13,695 4% 11,396 3% 12,035 3%

South Dakota 1,777 2% 2,072 3% 1,896 3% 1,954 3% 1,973 3%

Tennessee 16,728 3% 12,664 3% 14,919 3% 16,320 3% 17,206 4%

Texas 108,239 5% 101,590 4% 112,033 5% 107,675 4% 224,020 9%

Utah 14,120 5% 14,413 5% 14,619 5% 14,952 5% 13,402 4%

Vermont 1,109 3% 1,018 3% 1,063 3% 1,062 3% 699 2%

Virginia 17,458 3% 17,266 3% 17,992 3% 19,944 3% 19,751 3%

Washington 31,514 6% 33,736 6% 37,895 7% 39,641 7% 38,849 7%

West Virginia 8,204 7% 7,353 6% 9,026 7% 8,740 7% 9,410 8%

Wisconsin 18,858 5% 16,629 4% 18,006 4% 18,657 5% 18,259 5%

Wyoming 1,401 3% 1,527 3% 1,574 3% 1,848 4% 1,649 4%

National 1,249,279 5% 1,211,348 5% 1,260,254 5% 1,313,152 5% 1,455,537 6%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Exhibit reads: In 2017-18, Alabama had 14,550 children under age six experiencing homelessness, or four percent of the total early childhood 

population across the state.

Note: The estimated numbers and percentages of children under age six experiencing homelessness were calculated by applying the 

methodology used by the National Center for Family Homelessness in America’s Youngest Outcasts: A Report Card on Child Homelessness 

(Bassuk, DeCandia, Beach, & Berman, 2014). 

Source: U.S. Department of Education. Total number of homeless students enrolled in LEAs with or without McKinney---Vento subgrants, from 

2013-2014 to 2017–2018. [Data sets]. Retrieved July 23, 2019 from EDFacts.
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 5

Exhibit 3. Number and percentage of children under age six experiencing homelessness 

served by federally-funded education programs from 2013-14 to 2017-18 

Jurisdiction Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Alabama 937 5% 738 4% 682 5% 465 3% 491 3%

Alaska 1,519 40% 1, 043 27% 443 12% 325 8% 452 12%

Arizona 1,107 4% 1, 010 4% 1,223 5% 1,239 5% 1,215 5%

Arkansas 1,020 9% 1, 001 10% 1,341 12% 1,016 8% 1,323 10%

California 14,127 5% 13, 713 6% 9,093 4% 16,192 6% 18,363 7%

Colorado 2,463 11% 2, 261 10% 2,457 11% 2,050 10% 2,940 14%

Connecticut 587 20% 541 18% 579 16% 581 14% 608 13%

Delaware 75 2% 72 2% 80 3% 197 7% 224 7%

District of Columbia 720 20% 1, 056 39% 1,892 31% 834 13% 1,286 18%

Florida 2,789 4% 3, 035 4% 2,980 4% 3,173 4% 3,949 4%

Georgia 1,222 3% 1, 118 3% 1,599 4% 1,486 4% 1,509 4%

Hawaii 239 9% 269 8% 283 8% 541 19% 548 18%

Idaho 738 12% 958 14% 1,000 14% 1,020 14% 1,028 13%

Illinois 5,170 10% 5, 059 10% 4,416 9% 4,539 9% 5,047 10%

Indiana 1,457 8% 1, 305 7% 1,355 8% 1,411 8% 1,440 8%

Iowa 684 10% 711 11% 722 11% 633 10% 665 10%

Kansas 776 8% 984 11% 1,101 12% 1,693 19% 1,585 19%

Kentucky 1,438 5% 1, 178 4% 1,800 7% 1,353 5% 1,215 5%

Louisiana 1,155 6% 1, 293 7% 1,568 8% 880 3% 961 5%

Maine 508 26% 486 26% 467 21% 339 14% 340 14%

Maryland 1,389 9% 1, 133 7% 1,398 9% 1,108 7% 1,239 7%

Massachusetts 1,876 11% 2, 245 12% 2,021 10% 1,905 9% 4,270 19%

Michigan 4,410 12% 4, 457 11% 4,033 11% 5,425 15% 4,773 14%

Minnesota 2,056 15% 3, 572 25% 2,788 17% 3,872 23% 1,947 12%

Mississippi 279 3% 450 5% 361 4% 263 3% 189 2%

Missouri 1,244 4% 1, 446 5% 1,923 6% 1,419 4% 1,538 4%

Montana 894 35% 898 30% 801 28% 852 24% 983 26%

Nebraska 672 20% 530 17% 619 19% 569 16% 607 17%

Nevada 1,009 7% 1, 076 7% 1,092 5% 1,286 8% 848 4%

New Hampshire 206 6% 203 6% 312 10% 341 9% 348 9%

New Jersey 1,133 11% 1, 109 12% 1,135 11% 1,163 11% 1,491 12%

New Mexico 590 5% 561 6% 709 7% 782 7% 592 6%

New York 6,353 6% 7, 022 5% 12,306 9% 11,812 8% 11,708 8%

North Carolina 1,330 6% 1, 300 5% 2,036 8% 2,351 8% 2,236 8%

North Dakota 397 17% 323 12% 394 18% 245 12% 328 16%

Ohio 4,811 17% 4, 747 18% 3,616 13% 4,448 15% 5,013 15%

Oklahoma 1,725 7% 1, 698 7% 2,994 12% 1,914 7% 2,480 10%

Oregon 3,626 18% 4, 463 22% 5,081 23% 4,961 21% 4,734 21%

Pennsylvania 5,741 28% 6, 242 29% 5,349 24% 7,874 32% 8,787 30%

Puerto Rico 571 18% 343 10% 250 6% 283 6% 1,076 18%

Rhode Island 227 24% 203 21% 195 19% 204 17% 273 19%

South Carolina 1,241 10% 976 8% 1,357 10% 1,277 11% 1,303 11%

South Dakota 705 40% 641 31% 782 41% 689 35% 940 48%

Tennessee 547 3% 603 5% 846 6% 901 6% 1,065 6%

Texas 8,226 8% 7, 718 8% 11,296 10% 10,013 9% 12,902 6%

Utah 793 6% 758 5% 733 5% 641 4% 671 5%

Vermont 213 19% 309 30% 347 33% 243 23% 309 44%

Virginia 1,602 9% 2, 082 12% 1,713 10% 1,664 8% 1,511 8%

Washington 3,025 10% 2, 735 8% 2,923 8% 2,859 7% 3,011 8%

West Virginia 627 8% 586 8% 966 11% 1,096 13% 1,098 12%

Wisconsin 2,433 13% 2, 207 13% 2,881 16% 2,224 12% 2,308 13%

Wyoming 321 23% 383 25% 339 22% 372 20% 277 17%

National 99,003 8% 100, 874 8% 108,677 9% 115,055 9% 126,044 9%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Exhibit reads: In 2017-18, Alabama had 491 children under age six experiencing homelessness who were served by federally-funded early 

childhood programs, or three percent of the total early childhood homeless population across the state.

Note: This table presents the number and percentage of children under age six experiencing homelessness who were served by Head 

Start/Early Head Start and/or by the McKinney-Vento program from 2013-14 to 2017-18. 

Source: U.S. Department of Education. Homeless children and youth served by McKinney---Vento subgrants------Ages birth through 2; and Total 

number of homeless students enrolled in LEAs with or without McKinney---Vento subgrants --- Ages 3 to 5: from 2013-14 to 2017–18. [Data sets].

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Head Start. (2018). Program information 

report: Total number of children experiencing homelessness that were served during the enrollment year.
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 6

Exhibit 4. Percentage of children living in families with high housing cost burden (housing)

and children under age six with no parent in the labor force (labor) from 2013 to 2017 

Jurisdiction Housing Labor Housing Labor Housing Labor Housing Labor Housing Labor

Alabama 31% 11% 31% 12% 29% 12% 27% 10% 24% 13%

Alaska 27% 7% 33% 8% 31% 7% 28% 9% 31% 8%

Arizona 35% 13% 34% 12% 34% 10% 32% 10% 32% 10%

Arkansas 30% 11% 28% 10% 29% 13% 26% 12% 24% 10%

California 48% 11% 47% 11% 45% 11% 44% 10% 43% 9%

Colorado 34% 7% 32% 7% 31% 7% 31% 5% 31% 6%

Connecticut 38% 8% 38% 7% 37% 7% 34% 6% 35% 7%

Delaware 35% 9% 32% 10% 32% 7% 32% 8% 29% 8%

District of Columbia 40% 13% 36% 11% 38% 15% 36% 11% 39% 14%

Florida 42% 11% 41% 11% 40% 10% 39% 9% 38% 10%

Georgia 36% 11% 35% 10% 33% 10% 32% 9% 30% 9%

Hawaii 43% 8% 41% 10% 38% 10% 40% 7% 36% 10%

Idaho 28% 6% 28% 7% 25% 7% 23% 8% 24% 7%

Illinois 36% 7% 34% 9% 32% 8% 31% 6% 30% 7%

Indiana 28% 8% 27% 9% 25% 9% 24% 8% 23% 8%

Iowa 22% 5% 22% 5% 21% 6% 20% 7% 19% 4%

Kansas 27% 7% 26% 8% 24% 8% 21% 4% 22% 6%

Kentucky 27% 10% 28% 12% 26% 12% 26% 10% 23% 9%

Louisiana 31% 14% 32% 14% 32% 12% 31% 13% 30% 13%

Maine 31% 9% 33% 11% 30% 11% 27% 10% 20% 7%

Maryland 35% 9% 36% 7% 34% 7% 33% 8% 32% 7%

Massachusetts 36% 9% 34% 7% 34% 7% 31% 8% 32% 8%

Michigan 32% 10% 30% 10% 28% 9% 26% 8% 25% 9%

Minnesota 26% 5% 25% 6% 24% 5% 22% 5% 22% 4%

Mississippi 33% 14% 31% 12% 31% 15% 28% 12% 26% 12%

Missouri 30% 9% 28% 9% 26% 8% 24% 7% 24% 8%

Montana 26% 8% 27% 9% 26% 11% 24% 6% 22% 7%

Nebraska 26% 6% 23% 5% 22% 6% 22% 4% 22% 5%

Nevada 39% 8% 37% 9% 35% 8% 34% 8% 33% 9%

New Hampshire 35% 7% 33% 7% 26% 5% 25% 5% 26% 6%

New Jersey 44% 8% 42% 7% 42% 7% 39% 7% 37% 6%

New Mexico 33% 13% 31% 12% 31% 14% 32% 13% 28% 14%

New York 44% 10% 44% 10% 42% 10% 40% 10% 40% 9%

North Carolina 33% 9% 32% 9% 32% 9% 28% 9% 27% 9%

North Dakota 19% 8% 17% 9% 17% 6% 19% 6% 18% 5%

Ohio 30% 10% 29% 10% 27% 8% 25% 9% 25% 8%

Oklahoma 28% 11% 27% 10% 26% 9% 26% 10% 26% 9%

Oregon 39% 8% 38% 11% 34% 7% 32% 7% 32% 7%

Pennsylvania 32% 9% 32% 9% 30% 9% 29% 9% 27% 9%

Puerto Rico 34% 11% 33% 9% 31% 8% 27% 11% 29% 6%

Rhode Island 43% 28% 42% 27% 35% 28% 32% 28% 33% 30%

South Carolina 32% 11% 32% 10% 29% 9% 28% 9% 28% 10%

South Dakota 20% 7% 21% 7% 21% 7% 20% 8% 18% 7%

Tennessee 32% 12% 33% 11% 30% 11% 28% 10% 27% 9%

Texas 32% 10% 33% 11% 32% 10% 31% 10% 31% 9%

Utah 30% 5% 28% 5% 26% 5% 24% 4% 24% 5%

Vermont 32% 12% 32% 7% 30% 7% 30% 11% 31% 6%

Virginia 34% 8% 33% 7% 32% 7% 30% 7% 29% 6%

Washington 36% 9% 34% 8% 33% 7% 31% 7% 31% 7%

West Virginia 25% 16% 24% 15% 22% 14% 23% 16% 22% 17%

Wisconsin 30% 6% 29% 7% 25% 6% 25% 6% 23% 6%

Wyoming 20% 5% 22% 6% 22% 6% 20% 4% 22% 6%

National 36% 10% 35% 10% 33% 9% 32% 9% 31% 8%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Exhibit reads: In 2017, Alabama had 24 percent of children under age 18 living in families spending 30 percent or more of monthly income on 

housing expenses, and 13 percent of children under age six with no resident parent in the labor force.

Note: This table presents the percentage of children under age 18 living in families spending 30 percent or more of monthly income on housing 

expenses (housing) and the percentage of children under age six whose resident parents were not in the civilian labor force (labor). 

Source: The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT data center. Retrieved from http://datacenter.kidscount.org/. 
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 7

References

Brumley, B., Fantuzzo, J., Perlman, S., & Zager, M. L. (2015). The unique relations between early 

homelessness and educational well---being: An empirical test of the continuum of risk hypothesis. 

Children and Youth Services Review, 48: 31---37. Retrieved from 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4283848/

Haskett, M. E., Armstrong, J., & Tisdale, J. (2015). Developmental status and social---emotional 

functioning of young children experiencing homelessness. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44: 

119---125. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10643-015-0691-8

Perlman, S. M. & Fantuzzo, J. W. (2010). Timing and influence of early experiences of child 

maltreatment and homelessness on children’s educational well-being. Children and Youth 

Services Review, 32(6): 874---883. Retrieved from 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190740910000502

National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. (2007). The Timing and Quality of Early 

Experiences Combine to Shape Brain Architecture: Working Paper No. 5. Retrieved from

www.developingchild.harvard.edu

U.S. Census Bureau. (2019). Annual Estimates of the Civilian Population by Single Year of Age 

and Sex for the United States and States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018. Retrieved from

https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/file-layouts/2010-

2018/sc-est2018-agesex-civ.pdf

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2018). 2017 annual homeless 

assessment report, part 2: Estimates of homelessness in the U.S. Retrieved from 

https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2017-AHAR-Part-2.pdf
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

All Children Under Age Six2

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152 

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

Estimated Number and Percent

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

36% 35% 33% 32% 31%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

10% 10% 9% 9% 8%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

8% 8% 9% 9% 9%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

4%, 50,962 4%, 50,274 4%, 52,640 4%, 52,790 4%, 55,340 

4%, 48,041 4%, 50,600 4%, 56,037 5%, 62,265 5%, 70,704

92%

Not Served 

1,150,276 

92%

Not Served 

1,110,474 

91%

Not Served 

1,151,577 

91%

Not Served 

1,198,097 

91%

Not Served 

1,329,493 

National

Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

8 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

All Children Under Age Six2

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

Estimated Number and Percent

18,659 18,471 

13,668 15,429 14,550 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Alabama

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

5% 5% 4% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Alabama

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

354,924 

352,754 351,978 352,670 351,424

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Alabama

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

11% 12% 12% 10% 13%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Alabama

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Alabama

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

5% 4% 5% 3% 3%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Alabama

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

4%, 664 2%, 459 4%, 496 2%, 343 2%, 351 

1%, 273 2%, 279 1%, 186 1%, 122 1%, 140

95%

Not Served 

17,722 

96%

Not Served 

17,733 

95%

Not Served 

12,986 

97%

Not Served 

14,964 

97%

Not Served 

14,059 

Alabama

Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

9 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

6% 6% 6% 6% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Alaska

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3,810 3,865 3,665 3,914 3,650 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Alaska

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

65,244 65,870 65,445 

64,570

63,666

 Year 2014 2015 2016 2017

Alaska

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

7% 8% 7% 9% 8%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Alaska

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

27% 33% 31% 28% 31%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Alaska

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

40%

27%

12% 8% 12%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Alaska

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

13%, 486 9%, 366 9%, 340 8%, 299 11%, 393 

27%, 1,033 

18%, 677 3%, 103 1%, 26 2%, 59 

60%

Not Served 

2,291 

73%

Not Served 

2,822 

88%

Not Served 

3,222 

92%

Not Served 

3,589 

88%

Not Served 

3,198 

Alaska

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

10 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

27,871 28,420 

23,990 24,652 23,625 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Arizona

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Arizona

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

520,472 

517,199 

526,448 525,528 525,522

1 2 3 4 5

Arizona

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

13% 12% 10% 10% 10%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Arizona

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

35% 34% 34% 32% 32%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Arizona

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

4% 4% 5% 5% 5%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Arizona

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

4%, 1,002 3%, 932 4%, 1,002 5%, 1,159 5%, 1,118 

0%, 105 

0%, 78 

1%, 221 0%, 80 0%, 97 

96%

Not Served 

26,764 

96%

Not Served 

27,410 

95%

Not Served 

22,767 

95%

Not Served 

23,413 

95%

Not Served 

22,410 

Arizona

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

11 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

230,369 229,191 229,000 230,147

228,324

1 2 3 4 5

Arkansas

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 4% 5% 6% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Arkansas

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

10,828 10,240 11,607 12,691 13,606 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Arkansas

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

30% 28% 29% 26% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Arkansas

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

11% 10% 13% 12% 10%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Arkansas

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6%, 616 6%, 579 4%, 507 4%, 521 5%, 661 

4%, 404 4%, 422 7%, 834 4%, 495 5%, 662 

91%

Not Served 

9,808 

90%

Not Served 

9,239 

88%

Not Served 

10,266 

92%

Not Served 

11,675 

90%

Not Served 

12,283 

Arkansas

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

9% 10% 12%

8% 10%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Arkansas

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

12 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

275,138 

220,940 

238,539 

254,654 254,490 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

California

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

9% 7% 8% 9% 9%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

California

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3,013,513 3,007,598 2,996,726 

2,968,604

2,938,209

1 2 3 4 5

California

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

11% 11% 11% 10% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

California

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

48% 47% 45% 44% 43%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

California

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5% 6% 4% 6% 7%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

California

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

2%, 4,251 2%, 3,651 2%, 3,831 2%, 4,110 2%, 4,048 

4%, 9,876 5%, 10,062 2%, 5,262 5%, 12,082 6%, 14,315 

95%

Not Served 

261,011 

94%

Not Served 

207,227 

96%

Not Served 

229,446 

94%

Not Served 

238,462 

93%

Not Served 

236,127 

California

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

13 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

403,852 

405,279 406,528 

403,927 404,522

1 2 3 4 5

Colorado

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

22,935 22,124 22,289 20,399 21,664 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Colorado

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6% 5% 5% 5% 5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Colorado

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

34% 32% 31% 31% 31%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Colorado

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

7% 7% 7% 5% 6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Colorado

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5%, 1,081 5%, 1,124 6%, 1,243 6%, 1,216 6%, 1,233 

6%, 1,382 5%, 1,137 5%, 1,214 4%, 834 8%, 1,707 

89%

Not Served 

20,472 

90%

Not Served 

19,863 

89%

Not Served 

19,832 

90%

Not Served 

18,349 

86%

Not Served 

18,724 

Colorado

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

11% 10% 11% 10%

14%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Colorado

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

14 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

229,027 

226,945 

224,135 

221,619 221,000

1 2 3 4 5

Connecticut

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

2,871 2,982 3,641 4,158 4,857 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Connecticut

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

1% 1% 2% 2% 2%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Connecticut

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Early Childhood Homelessness

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

38% 38% 37% 34% 35%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Connecticut

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

8% 7% 7% 6% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Connecticut

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

20% 18% 16% 14% 13%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Connecticut

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

19%, 540 16%, 481 13%, 456 12%, 508 10%, 487 

2%, 47 2%, 60 3%, 123 2%, 73 2%, 121 

80%

Not Served 

2,284 

82%

Not Served 

2,441 

84%

Not Served 

3,062 

86%

Not Served 

3,577 

87%

Not Served 

4,249 

Connecticut

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

15 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

67,394 67,099 66,285 66,271 65,829

1 2 3 4 5

Delaware

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

4,214 2,963 3,125 2,923 3,374 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Delaware

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6% 4% 5% 4% 5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Delaware

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

9% 10% 7% 8% 8%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Delaware

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

35% 32% 32% 32% 29%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Delaware

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

2% 2% 3%

7% 7%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Delaware

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

1%, 50 2%, 54 2%, 47 1%, 39 1%, 45 

1%, 25 1%, 18 1%, 33 5%, 158 5%, 179 

98%

Not Served 

4,139 

98%

Not Served 

2,891 

97%

Not Served 

3,045 

93%

Not Served 

2,726 

93%

Not Served 

3,150 

Delaware

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

16 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

7% 5%

12% 12% 13%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

District of Columbia

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3,653 2,710 

6,063 6,213 7,211 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

District of Columbia

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

49,579 

50,940 

51,957 

53,363 54,099

1 2 3 4 5

Distric of Columbia

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

13% 11% 15% 11% 14%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

District of Columbia

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

40% 36% 38% 36% 39%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

District of Columbia

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

20%

39% 31%

13% 18%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

District of Columbia

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

7%, 247 

23%, 632 

10%, 620 11%, 678 6%, 468 

13%, 473 

16%, 424 

21%, 1,272 3%, 156 

11%, 818 

80%

Not Served 

2,933 61%

Not Served 

1,654 

69%

Not Served 

4,171 

87%

Not Served 

5,379 

82%

Not Served 

5,925 

District of Columbia

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

17 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

5% 5% 5% 5% 7%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Florida

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

65,279 69,325 69,773 72,740 

92,170 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Florida

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

1,301,569 

1,320,662 

1,353,098 

1,366,671 1,372,427

1 2 3 4 5

Florida

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

42% 41% 40% 39% 38%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Florida

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

11% 11% 10% 9% 10%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Florida

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Florida

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

2%, 1,354 2%, 1,376 2%, 1,370 2%, 1,556 2%, 2,013 

2%, 1,435 2%, 1,659 2%, 1,610 2%, 1,617 2%, 1,936 

96%

Not Served 

62,490 

96%

Not Served 

66,290 

96%

Not Served 

66,793 

96%

Not Served 

69,567 

96%

Not Served 

88,221 

Florida

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

18 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

799,184 

796,792 796,791 795,614

790,899

1 2 3 4 5

Georgia

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

35,685 37,097 37,262 37,129 38,325 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Georgia

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

4% 5% 5% 5% 5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Georgia

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

11% 10% 10% 9% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Georgia

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

36% 35% 33% 32% 30%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Georgia

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

3% 3% 4% 4% 4%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Georgia

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

2%, 669 2%, 604 2%, 749 2%, 688 3%, 1,013 

2%, 553 1%, 514 2%, 850 2%, 798 1%, 496 

97%

Not Served 

34,463 

97%

Not Served 

35,979 

96%

Not Served 

35,663 

96%

Not Served 

35,643 

96%

Not Served 

36,816 

Georgia

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

19 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

108,959 109,833 109,887 

108,119

105,815

1 2 3 4 5

Hawaii

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

2,551 3,362 3,671 2,865 2,998 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Hawaii

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

2% 3% 3% 3% 3%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Hawaii

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

43% 41% 38% 40% 36%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Hawaii

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

8% 10% 10% 7% 10%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Hawaii

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

9% 8% 8%

19% 18%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Hawaii

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

8%, 196 6%, 214 6%, 234 8%, 219 8%, 226 

2%, 43 2%, 55 1%, 49 11%, 322 11%, 322 

91%

Not Served 

2,312 

92%

Not Served 

3,093 

92%

Not Served 

3,388 

81%

Not Served 

2,324 

82%

Not Served 

2,450 

Hawaii

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

20 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

6,244 6,892 6,918 7,275 7,825 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Idaho

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

137,910 136,791 

138,581 

140,631 140,477

1 2 3 4 5

Idaho

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Idaho

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

28% 28% 25% 23% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Idaho

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

6% 7% 7% 8% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Idaho

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

9%, 547 8%, 533 9%, 617 8%, 578 6%, 452 

3%, 191 6%, 425 6%, 383 6%, 442 7%, 576 

88%

Not Served 

5,506 

86%

Not Served 

5,934 

86%

Not Served 

5,918 

86%

Not Served 

6,255 

87%

Not Served 

6,797 

Idaho

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

12% 14% 14% 14% 13%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Idaho

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

21 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

52,737 

49,305 49,344 49,991 51,308 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Illinois

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

951,210 

944,173 

929,954 928,356

913,456

1 2 3 4 5

Illinois

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

6% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Illinois

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

7% 9% 8% 6% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Illinois

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

36% 34% 32% 31% 30%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Illinois

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5%, 2,480 5%, 2,457 4%, 2,084 4%, 1,950 4%, 2,155 

5%, 2,690 5%, 2,602 5%, 2,332 5%, 2,589 6%, 2,892 

90%

Not Served 

47,567 

90%

Not Served 

44,246 

91%

Not Served 

44,928 

91%

Not Served 

45,452 

90%

Not Served 

46,261 

Illinois

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

10% 10% 9% 9% 10%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Illinois

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

22 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

505,090 504,906 

506,761 506,257

504,278

1 2 3 4 5

Indiana

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

17,361 18,386 17,300 17,850 18,019 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Indiana

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

3% 4% 3% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Indiana

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

28% 27% 25% 24% 23%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Indiana

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

8% 7% 8% 8% 8%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Indiana

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

7%, 1,272 6%, 1,122 6%, 1,123 6%, 1,151 6%, 1,163 

1%, 185 1%, 183 1%, 232 1%, 260 2%, 277 

92%

Not Served 

15,904 

93%

Not Served 

17,081 

92%

Not Served 

15,945 

92%

Not Served 

16,439 

92%

Not Served 

16,579 

Indiana

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

23 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3% 3% 3% 3% 3%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Iowa

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

6,613 6,740 6,561 6,575 6,900 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Iowa

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

235,508 

237,216 

238,520 238,671 238,253

1 2 3 4 5

Iowa

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

5% 5% 6% 7% 4%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Iowa

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

22% 22% 21% 20% 19%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Iowa

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

10% 11% 11% 10% 10%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Iowa

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

10%, 644 10%, 658 9%, 584 9%, 576 9%, 601 

1%, 40 1%, 53 2%, 138 1%, 57 1%, 64 

90%

Not Served 

5,929 

89%

Not Served 

6,029 

89%

Not Served 

5,839 

90%

Not Served 

5,942 

90%

Not Served 

6,235 

Iowa

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

24 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 240,689 

237,681 

234,248 232,484

228,400

1 2 3 4 5

Kansas

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

10,051 9,131 8,973 9,004 8,198 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Kansas

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Kansas

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

27% 26% 24% 21% 22%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Kansas

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

7% 8% 8% 4% 6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Kansas

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

8% 11% 12%

19% 19%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Kansas

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

6%, 652 9%, 848 10%, 867 12%, 1,045 12%, 1,004 

1%, 124 1%, 136 3%, 234 7%, 648 7%, 581 

92%

Not Served 

9,275 

89%

Not Served 

8,147 

88%

Not Served 

7,872 

81%

Not Served 

7,311 

81%

Not Served 

6,613 

Kansas

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

25 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

8% 8% 8% 8% 7%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Kentucky

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

26,369 27,967 26,734 25,981

23,199 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Kentucky

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

330,977 

332,293 

330,578 

332,018

331,163

1 2 3 4 5

Kentucky

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

10% 12% 12% 10% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Kentucky

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

27% 28% 26% 26% 23%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Kentucky

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5% 4% 7% 5% 5%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Kentucky

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

4%, 962 3%, 716 3%, 786 3%, 820 3%, 782 

2%, 476 2%, 462 4%, 1,014 2%, 533 2%, 433 

95%

Not Served 

24,931 

96%

Not Served 

26,789 

93%

Not Served 

24,934 

95%

Not Served 

24,628 

95%

Not Served 

21,984 

Kentucky

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

26 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

370,653 371,687 372,069 372,616

367,501

1 2 3 4 5

Louisiana

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

19,759 18,839 19,616 

29,521 

17,743 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Louisiana

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 8%

5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Louisiana

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 32% 32% 31% 30%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Louisiana

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

14% 14% 12% 13% 13%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Louisiana

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6% 7% 8%

3% 5%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Louisiana

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

3%, 523 3%, 618 3%, 567 2%, 696 4%, 751 

3%, 632 4%, 675 5%, 1,001 

1%, 184 1%, 210 

94%

Not Served 

18,604 

93%

Not Served 

17,546 

92%

Not Served 

18,048 

97%

Not Served 

28,641 

95%

Not Served 

16,782 

Louisiana

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

27 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

2% 2% 3% 3% 3%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Maine

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

1,923 1,837 2,199 2,436 2,366 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Maine

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

78,336 78,284 78,093 77,744 77,535

1 2 3 4 5

Maine

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

9% 11% 11% 10% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Maine

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 33% 30% 27% 20%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Maine

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

26% 26% 21% 14% 14%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Maine

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 26%, 504 26%, 485 

20%, 434 

11%, 276 12%, 289 

0%, 4 0%, 1 

2%, 33 

3%, 63 2%, 51 

74%

Not Served 

1,415 

74%

Not Served 

1,351 

79%

Not Served 

1,732 

86%

Not Served 

2,097 

86%

Not Served 

2,026 

Maine

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

28 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 443,609 443,350 442,708 

440,206

437,720

1 2 3 4 5

Maryland

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

15,728 15,113 15,755 16,583 17,047 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Maryland

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

4% 3% 4% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Maryland

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

35% 36% 34% 33% 32%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Maryland

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

9% 7% 7% 8% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Maryland

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

9% 7% 9% 7% 7%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Maryland

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

4%, 679 4%, 594 4%, 635 4%, 610 4%, 624 

5%, 710 4%, 539 5%, 763 3%, 498 4%, 615 

91%

Not Served 

14,339 

93%

Not Served 

13,980 

91%

Not Served 

14,357 

93%

Not Served 

15,475 

93%

Not Served 

15,808 

Maryland

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

29 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

4% 4% 5% 5% 5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Massachusetts

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

16,986 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

18,283 20,270 20,215 

22,834 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Massachusetts

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

438,615 

440,193 

435,331 

433,697 433,679

1 2 3 4 5

Massachusetts

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

9% 7% 7% 8% 8%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Massachusetts

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

36% 34% 34% 31% 32%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Massachusetts

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

11% 12% 10% 9%

19%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Massachusetts

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

10%, 1,623 10%, 1,893 8%, 1,631 7%, 1,473 7%, 1,518 

1%, 253 2%, 352 

2%, 390 2%, 432 12%, 2,752 

89%

Not Served 

15,110 

88%

Not Served 

16,038 

90%

Not Served 

18,249 

91%

Not Served 

18,310 

81%

Not Served 

18,564 

Massachusetts

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

30 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

686,845 

688,381 

690,184 689,060 688,327

1 2 3 4 5

Michigan

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

36,916 

41,276 

37,861 35,652 34,045 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Michigan

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5% 6% 5% 5% 5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Michigan

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

32% 30% 28% 26% 25%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Michigan

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

10% 10% 9% 8% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Michigan

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6%, 2,160 5%, 2,177 6%, 2,242 6%, 2,108 6%, 2,027 

6%, 2,250 6%, 2,280 5%, 1,791 9%, 3,317 8%, 2,746 

88%

Not Served 

32,506 

89%

Not Served 

36,819 

89%

Not Served 

33,828 

85%

Not Served 

30,227 

86%

Not Served 

29,272 

Michigan

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

12% 11% 11% 15% 14%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Michigan

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

31 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3% 3% 4% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Minnesota

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

13,891 

Experiencing Homelessness 

14,261

(2013-2018)

16,029 17,191 16,143 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Minnesota

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

419,084 

421,429 423,100 

426,490 427,480

1 2 3 4 5

Minnesota

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

5% 6% 5% 5% 4%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Minnesota

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

26% 25% 24% 22% 22%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Minnesota

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

11%, 1,488 10%, 1,449 8%, 1,310 8%, 1,376 8%, 1,282 

4%, 568 

15%, 2,123 

9%, 1,478 15%, 2,496 

4%, 665 

85%

Not Served 

11,835 

75%

Not Served 

10,689 

83%

Not Served 

13,241 

77%

Not Served 

13,319 

88%

Not Served 

14,196 

Minnesota

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

15%

25% 17% 23%

12%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Minnesota

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

32 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

234,738 

231,834 

227,284 225,468 222,830

1 2 3 4 5

Mississippi

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

9,375 9,923 8,992 9,665 9,381 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Mississippi

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

4% 4% 4% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Mississippi

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

33% 31% 31% 28% 26%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Mississippi

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

14% 12% 15% 12% 12%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Mississippi

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

3%, 259 4%, 396 3%, 289 2%, 194 2%, 157 

0%, 20 1%, 54 1%, 72 1%, 69 0%, 32 

97%

Not Served 

9,096 

95%

Not Served 

9,473 

96%

Not Served 

8,631 

97%

Not Served 

9,402 

98%

Not Served 

9,192 

Mississippi

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

3% 5% 4% 3% 2%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Mississippi

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

33 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

6% 6% 7% 7% 8%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Missouri

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

28,846 29,141 31,121 32,791 34,872 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Missouri

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

450,338 450,128 449,240 449,401

447,782

1 2 3 4 5

Missouri

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

9% 9% 8% 7% 8%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Missouri

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

30% 28% 26% 24% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Missouri

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

4% 5% 6% 4% 4%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Missouri

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

3%, 983 4%, 1,159 4%, 1,339 3%, 1,116 3%, 1,140 

1%, 261 1%, 287 2%, 584 1%, 303 1%, 398 

96%

Not Served 

27,602 

95%

Not Served 

27,695 

94%

Not Served 

29,198 

96%

Not Served 

31,372 

96%

Not Served 

33,334 

Missouri

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

34 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

73,858 74,380 

75,340 75,868 75,154

1 2 3 4 5

Montana

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

2,557 2,952 2,908 3,492 3,852 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Montana

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

3% 4% 4% 5% 5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Montana

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

26% 27% 26% 24% 22%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Montana

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

8% 9% 11%

6% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Montana

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

35% 30% 28% 24% 26%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Montana

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 26%, 657 

20%, 593 23%, 681 20%, 693 18%, 702 

9%, 237 

10%, 305 4%, 120 

5%, 159 7%, 281 

65%

Not Served 

1,663 

70%

Not Served 

2,054 

72%

Not Served 

2,107 

76%

Not Served 

2,640 

74%

Not Served 

2,869 

Montana

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

35 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Nebraska

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3,340 3,123 3,314 3,479 3,606 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Nebraska

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

156,575 157,127 

158,814 159,159 159,441

1 2 3 4 5

Nebraska

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

6% 5% 6% 4% 5%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Nebraska

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

26% 23% 22% 22% 22%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Nebraska

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

15%, 512 13%, 403 15%, 503 13%, 459 14%, 501 

5%, 160 

4%, 127 4%, 116 3%, 110 3%, 106 

80%

Not Served 

2,668 

83%

Not Served 

2,593 

81%

Not Served 

2,695 

84%

Not Served 

2,910 

83%

Not Served 

2,999 

Nebraska

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

20% 17% 19% 16% 17%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Nebraska

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

36 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

213,406 214,028 

221,541 222,864 224,164

1 2 3 4 5

Nevada

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

7% 8% 9% 7% 9%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Nevada

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

14,397 16,068 

20,044 

16,237 

20,015 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Nevada

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

39% 37% 35% 34% 33%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Nevada

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

8% 9% 8% 8% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Nevada

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

7% 7% 5% 8%

4%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Nevada

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

2%, 349 2%, 395 2%, 431 3%, 568 3%, 622 

5%, 660 4%, 681 3%, 661 4%, 718 

1%, 226 

93%

Not Served 

13,388 

93%

Not Served 

14,992 

95%

Not Served 

18,952 

92%

Not Served 

14,951 

96%

Not Served 

19,167 

Nevada

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

37 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

4% 4% 4% 5% 5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Hampshire

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3,173 3,165 3,244 3,790 3,857 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Hampshire

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

78,057 77,992 77,858 77,625 77,791

1 2 3 4 5

New Hampshire

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

7% 7% 5% 5% 6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New Hampshire

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

35% 33% 26% 25% 26%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New Hampshire

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6% 6%

10% 9% 9%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Hampshire

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

6%, 190 6%, 178 7%, 239 6%, 241 7%, 265 

1%, 16 1%, 25 

2%, 73 3%, 100 2%, 83 

94%

Not Served 

2,967 

94%

Not Served 

2,962 

90%

Not Served 

2,932 

91%

Not Served 

3,449 

91%

Not Served 

3,509 

New Hampshire

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

38 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

638,926 637,678 

630,042 628,545

623,905

1 2 3 4 5

New Jersey

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

9,978 9,365 10,064 10,648 12,817 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Jersey

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

2% 1% 2% 2% 2%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Jersey

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

44% 42% 42% 39% 37%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New Jersey

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

8% 7% 7% 7% 6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New Jersey

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

11% 12% 11% 11% 12%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Jersey

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

6%, 609 7%, 629 7%, 704 7%, 732 7%, 924 

5%, 524 5%, 480 4%, 431 4%, 431 4%, 567 

89%

Not Served 

8,845 

88%

Not Served 

8,256 

89%

Not Served 

8,929 

89%

Not Served 

9,485 

88%

Not Served 

11,326 

New Jersey

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

39 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

7% 6% 6% 7% 7%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Mexico

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

11,573 9,775 9,754 11,259 10,347 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Mexico

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

164,704 162,323 

156,168 154,455

150,579

1 2 3 4 5

New Mexico

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

13% 12% 14% 13% 14%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New Mexico

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

33% 31% 31% 32% 28%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New Mexico

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5% 6% 7% 7% 6%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New Mexico

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

4%, 425 5%, 442 5%, 452 4%, 419 3%, 309 

1%, 165 1%, 119 3%, 257 3%, 363 3%, 283 

95%

Not Served 

10,983 

94%

Not Served 

9,214 

93%

Not Served 

9,045 

93%

Not Served 

10,477 

94%

Not Served 

9,755 

New Mexico

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

40 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

1,408,752 1,414,384 

1,395,060 1,394,622

1,367,038

1 2 3 4 5

New York

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

113,024 

129,809 135,952 

143,743 145,880 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New York

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

8% 9% 10% 10% 11%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New York

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

44% 44% 42% 40% 40%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New York

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

10% 10% 10% 10% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

New York

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6% 5%

9% 8% 8%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

New York

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

3%, 3,390 3%, 3,684 3%, 3,620 2%, 3,378 2%, 3,219 

3%, 2,963 3%, 3,338 

6%, 8,686 6%, 8,434 6%, 8,489 

94%

Not Served 

106,671 

95%

Not Served 

122,787 

91%

Not Served 

123,646 

92%

Not Served 

131,931 

92%

Not Served 

134,172 

New York

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

41 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3% 4% 3% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

North Carolina

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

23,737 26,198 25,531 28,408 27,989 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

North Carolina

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

733,691 

729,114 729,638 

732,414 732,927

1 2 3 4 5

North Carolina

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

9% 9% 9% 9% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

North Carolina

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

33% 32% 32% 28% 27%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

North Carolina

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6% 5%

8% 8% 8%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

North Carolina

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

5%, 1,231 4%, 1,057 5%, 1,362 5%, 1,449 5%, 1,448 

0%, 99 1%, 243 3%, 674 

3%, 902 3%, 788 

94%

Not Served 

22,407 

95%

Not Served 

24,898 

92%

Not Served 

23,495 

92%

Not Served 

26,057 

92%

Not Served 

25,753 

North Carolina

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

42 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

60,814 

63,128 

65,348 64,182 65,112

1 2 3 4 5

North Dakota

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

2,320 2,618 2,160 2,085 2,088 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

North Dakota

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

4% 4% 3% 3% 3%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

North Dakota

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

19% 17% 17% 19% 18%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

North Dakota

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

8% 9% 6% 6% 5%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

North Dakota

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

17%

12%

18%

12% 16%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

North Dakota

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

17%, 392 12%, 314 16%, 349 12%, 245 12%, 248 

0%, 5 

0%, 9 2%, 45 0%, 0

4%, 80 

83%

Not Served 

1,923 

88%

Not Served 

2,295 

82%

Not Served 

1,766 

88%

Not Served 

1,840 

84%

Not Served 

1,760 

North Dakota

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

43 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3% 3% 3% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Ohio

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

27,730 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

26,630 28,477 29,428 

33,086 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Ohio

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

832,509 833,280 

836,763 

838,936

836,906

1 2 3 4 5

Ohio

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

10% 10% 8% 9% 8%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Ohio

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

30% 29% 27% 25% 25%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Ohio

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

7%, 1,909 7%, 1,736 7%, 1,942 7%, 1,941 6%, 1,925 

10%, 2,902 11%, 3,011 6%, 1,674 9%, 2,507 9%, 3,088 

83%

Not Served 

22,919 

82%

Not Served 

21,883 

87%

Not Served 

24,861 

85%

Not Served 

24,980 

85%

Not Served 

28,073 

Ohio

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

17% 18%

13% 15% 15%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Ohio

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

44 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

24,220 24,591 25,441 26,243 24,765 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Oklahoma

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

8% 8% 8% 8% 8%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Oklahoma

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

319,091 

321,719 

320,424 

316,994 314,101

1 2 3 4 5

Oklahoma

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

28% 27% 26% 26% 26%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Oklahoma

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

11% 10% 9% 10% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Oklahoma

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

7% 7%

12% 7% 10%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Oklahoma

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

4%, 1,002 3%, 850 4%, 1,092 4%, 1,152 5%, 1,239 

3%, 723 3%, 848 

7%, 1,902 3%, 762 5%, 1,241 

93%

Not Served 

22,495 

93%

Not Served 

22,893 

88%

Not Served 

22,447 

93%

Not Served 

24,329 

90%

Not Served 

22,285 

Oklahoma

Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

45 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

7% 7% 8% 8% 8%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Oregon

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

20,395 20,586 22,235 23,556 22,412 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Oregon

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

276,720 

278,600 

283,014 283,468 282,001

1 2 3 4 5

Oregon

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

39% 38% 34% 32% 32%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Oregon

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

8% 11% 7% 7% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Oregon

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

9%, 1,826 10%, 2,150 11%, 2,443 11%, 2,645 12%, 2,667 

9%, 1,800 

11%, 2,313 12%, 2,638 10%, 2,316 9%, 2,067 

82%

Not Served 

16,769 

78%

Not Served 

16,123 

77%

Not Served 

17,154 

79%

Not Served 

18,595 

79%

Not Served 

17,678 

Oregon

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

18% 22% 23% 21% 21%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Oregon

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

46 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

859,029 859,114 

856,529 

852,828

847,012

1 2 3 4 5

Pennsylvania

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

20,638 21,301 22,434 24,318 

29,659 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Pennsylvania

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

2% 2% 3% 3% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Pennsylvania

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

32% 32% 30% 29% 27%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Pennsylvania

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

9% 9% 9% 9% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Pennsylvania

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

28% 29% 24% 32% 30%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Pennsylvania

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

9%, 1,926 10%, 2,031 10%, 2,285 9%, 2,241 9%, 2,588 

18%, 3,815 20%, 4,211 14%, 3,064 

23%, 5,633 21%, 6,199 

72%

Not Served 

14,897 

71%

Not Served 

15,059 

76%

Not Served 

17,085 

68%

Not Served 

16,444 

70%

Not Served 

20,872 

Pennsylvania

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

47 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

5%

2% 2% 3%

9%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Puerto Rico

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3,122 3,493 3,875 4,587 6,040 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Puerto Rico

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 227,745 

213,651 

196,603 

181,650

156,759

1 2 3 4 5

Puerto Rico

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

28% 27% 28% 28% 30%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Puerto Rico

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

34% 33% 31% 27% 29%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Puerto Rico

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

18%

10% 6% 6%

18%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Puerto Rico

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

16%, 506 

7%, 252 5%, 197 4%, 178 

16%, 947 

2%, 65 

3%, 91 

1%, 53 2%, 105 

2%, 129 

82%

Not Served 

2,551 

90%

Not Served 

3,150 

94%

Not Served 

3,625 

94%

Not Served 

4,304 

82%

Not Served 

4,964 

Puerto Rico

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

48 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

65,838 66,134 65,690 65,743 65,211

1 2 3 4 5

Rhode Island

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

966 978 1,016 1,192 

1,475 

 -

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Rhode Island

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

0% 1% 2% 2% 1%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Rhode Island

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

11% 9% 8% 11%

6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Rhode Island

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

43% 42% 35% 32% 33%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Rhode Island

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

23%, 222 20%, 195 17%, 177 14%, 166 11%, 165 

1%, 5 

1%, 8 

2%, 18 3%, 38 7%, 108 

76%

Not Served 

739 

79%

Not Served 

775 

81%

Not Served 

821 

83%

Not Served 

988 

81%

Not Served 

1,202 

Rhode Island

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

24% 21% 19% 17% 19%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Rhode Island

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

49 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

4% 4% 4% 3% 3%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

South Carolina

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

12,406 12,835 13,695 

11,396 12,035 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

South Carolina

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

351,192 350,107 

352,733 353,405 352,063

1 2 3 4 5

South Carolina

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

11% 10% 9% 9% 10%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

South Carolina

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

32% 32% 29% 28% 28%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

South Carolina

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

4%, 511 4%, 466 5%, 627 4%, 512 4%, 530 

6%, 730 4%, 510 5%, 730 7%, 765 6%, 773 

90%

Not Served 

11,165 

92%

Not Served 

11,859 

90%

Not Served 

12,338 

89%

Not Served 

10,119 

89%

Not Served 

10,732 

South Carolina

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

10% 8% 10% 11% 11%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

South Carolina

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

50 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

1,777 2,072 1,896 1,954 1,973 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

South Dakota

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

2% 3% 3% 3% 3%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

South Dakota

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

72,510 

73,218 73,435 

73,933

74,445

1 2 3 4 5

South Dakota

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

20% 21% 21% 20% 18%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

South Dakota

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

7% 7% 7% 8% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

South Dakota

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

40% 31%

41% 35%

48%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

South Dakota

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 26%, 462 21%, 439 

30%, 578 26%, 499 27%, 538 

14%, 243 

10%, 202 

11%, 204 

10%, 190 

20%, 402 

60%

Not Served 

1,072 

69%

Not Served 

1,431 

59%

Not Served 

1,114 

65%

Not Served 

1,265 52%

Not Served 

1,033 

South Dakota

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

51 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3% 3% 3% 3% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Tennessee

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

16,728 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

12,664 14,919 16,320 17,206 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Tennessee

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

481,935 483,535 

487,810 

490,641

488,658

1 2 3 4 5

Tennessee

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

12% 11% 11% 10% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Tennessee

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

32% 33% 30% 28% 27%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Tennessee

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

3% 5% 6% 6% 6%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Tennessee

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

2%, 413 4%, 470 4%, 589 4%, 715 5%, 862 

1%, 134 1%, 133 2%, 257 1%, 186 1%, 203 

97%

Not Served 

16,181 

95%

Not Served 

12,061 

94%

Not Served 

14,073 

94%

Not Served 

15,419 

94%

Not Served 

16,141 

Tennessee

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

52 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

2,352,055 

2,384,563 

2,424,168

2,431,321 2,431,014

1 2 3 4 5

Texas

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

108,239 101,590 112,033 107,675 224,020 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Texas

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

5% 4% 5% 4%

9%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Texas

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

32% 33% 32% 31% 31%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Texas

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

10% 11% 10% 10% 9%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Texas

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

8% 8% 10% 9%

6%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Texas

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

3%, 2,806 3%, 2,736 3%, 3,004 3%, 3,622 2%, 3,775 

5%, 5,420 5%, 4,982 7%, 8,292 6%, 6,391 4%, 9,127 

92%

Not Served 

100,013 

92%

Not Served 

93,872 

90%

Not Served 

100,737 

91%

Not Served 

97,662 

94%

Not Served 

211,118 

Texas

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

53 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

5% 5% 5% 5% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Utah

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

14,120 14,413 14,619 14,952 13,402 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Utah

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

304,416 

302,921 

303,991 

305,069 304,884

1 2 3 4 5

Utah

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

5% 5% 5% 4% 5%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Utah

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

30% 28% 26% 24% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Utah

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

6% 5% 5% 4% 5%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Utah

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

2%, 413 4%, 470 4%, 589 4%, 715 5%, 862 

1%, 134 1%, 133 2%, 257 1%, 186 1%, 203 

97%

Not Served 

16,181 

95%

Not Served 

12,061 

94%

Not Served 

14,073 

94%

Not Served 

15,419 

94%

Not Served 

16,141 

Tennessee

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

54 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

36,607 36,626 36,818 36,187 35,769

1 2 3 4 5

Vermont

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

1,109 1,018 1,063 1,062 

699 

 -

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Vermont

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

3% 3% 3% 3% 2%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Vermont

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

32% 32% 30% 30% 31%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Vermont

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

12%

7% 7% 11%

6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Vermont

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

19%

30% 33%

23%

44%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Vermont

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

19%, 210 

29%, 295 26%, 279 23%, 240 

0%, 3 43%, 304 

1%, 14 

6%, 68 

0%, 3 

1%, 5 

81%

Not Served 

896 

70%

Not Served 

709 

67%

Not Served 

716 

77%

Not Served 

819 56%

Not Served 

390 

Vermont

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

55 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3% 3% 3% 3% 3%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Virginia

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

17,458 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

17,266 17,992 19,944 19,751 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Virginia

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

616,035 

617,513 

613,822 614,124 613,687

1 2 3 4 5

Virginia

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

8% 7% 7% 7% 6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Virginia

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

34% 33% 32% 30% 29%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Virginia

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

5%, 926 5%, 893 5%, 965 4%, 859 4%, 838 

4%, 676 7%, 1,189 4%, 748 4%, 805 3%, 673 

91%

Not Served 

15,856 

88%

Not Served 

15,184 

90%

Not Served 

16,279 

92%

Not Served 

18,280 

92%

Not Served 

18,240 

Virginia

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

9%

12% 10% 8% 8%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Virginia

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

56 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

536,427 538,979 

546,367 

549,650

556,098

1 2 3 4 5

Washington

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

31,514 33,736 

37,895 39,641 38,849 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Washington

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

6% 6% 7% 7% 7%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Washington

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

36% 34% 33% 31% 31%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Washington

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

9% 8% 7% 7% 7%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Washington

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

10% 8% 8% 7% 8%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Washington

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

6%, 1,866 5%, 1,664 5%, 1,782 4%, 1,568 4%, 1,741 

4%, 1,159 3%, 1,071 3%, 1,141 3%, 1,291 3%, 1,270 

90%

Not Served 

28,489 

92%

Not Served 

31,001 

92%

Not Served 

34,972 

93%

Not Served 

36,782 

92%

Not Served 

35,838 

Washington

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

57 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

8,204 7,353 9,026 8,740 9,410 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

West Virginia

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

122,832 123,682 

121,485 

118,831

115,617

1 2 3 4 5

West Virginia

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

7% 6% 7% 7% 8%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

West Virginia

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

16% 15% 14% 16% 17%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

West Virginia

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

25% 24% 22% 23% 22%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

West Virginia

Children Living in Households with a High

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

8% 8% 11% 13% 12%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

West Virginia

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

6%, 498 6%, 433 6%, 506 7%, 610 6%, 610 

2%, 129 2%, 153 

5%, 460 6%, 486 5%, 488 

92%

Not Served 

7,577 

92%

Not Served 

6,767 

89%

Not Served 

8,060 

87%

Not Served 

7,644 

88%

Not Served 

8,312 

West Virginia

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

58 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 411,919 410,394 

405,912 404,665

402,925

1 2 3 4 5

Wisconsin

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

18,858 16,629 18,006 18,657 18,259 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Wisconsin

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

5% 4% 4% 5% 5%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Wisconsin

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

30% 29% 25% 25% 23%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Wisconsin

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

6% 7% 6% 6% 6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Wisconsin

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

13% 13% 16% 12% 13%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Wisconsin

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

7%, 1,227 9%, 1,425 9%, 1,594 8%, 1,427 8%, 1,526 

6%, 1,206 5%, 782 7%, 1,287 4%, 797 4%, 782 

87%

Not Served 

16,425 

87%

Not Served 

14,422 

84%

Not Served 

15,125 

88%

Not Served 

16,433 

87%

Not Served 

15,951 

Wisconsin

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children.

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division.

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk,

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

59 
(2013-14 to 2017-18)

Early childhood experiences with homelessness have long lasting impacts on a child’s well-being. Access to educational services can help 

address some of these negative effects.1 Federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs currently serve a small portion of children 

who experience homelessness. With better awareness, training, practices, and collaboration to leverage existing resources, stakeholders can 

take actions to understand the impacts of early childhood homelessness to ensure all young children have the opportunity to thrive.

Early Childhood Homelessness

Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness3

All Children Under Age Six2

Estimated Number and Percent

23,881,741 

24,139,090 

23,959,552 23,940,178 23,977,152

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

National

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

5% 5% 5% 5% 6%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

3% 3% 3% 4% 4%

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Wyoming

Estimated Percent of Children Under Age Six 

1,401 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018)

1,527 1,574 

1,848 1,649 

 -

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Wyoming

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

46,155 46,392 45,853 

44,447

43,274

1 2 3 4 5

Wyoming

Total Population Under Age Six (2014-2018) 

Related Factors4

Families experiencing homelessness, whether chronic or episodic, 

often face other barriers to affordable housing. By understanding 

these related challenges, states can create sustainable and 

proactive policy solutions that better address homelessness in 

their communities.

31% 31% 29% 27% 24%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

National

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

5% 6% 6% 4% 6%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Wyoming

Children Under Age Six With No Parent 

in the Labor Force in the United States 

20% 22% 22% 20% 22%

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Wyoming

Children Living in Households with a High 

Housing Cost Burden in the United States 

Early Childhood Education 

for Children Experiencing Homelessness

1,249,279 1,211,348 1,260,254 1,313,152 

1,455,537 

 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

National

Estimated Number of Children Under Age Six 

Experiencing Homelessness (2013-2018) 

Children Under Age Six Served or Not 

Served by Head Start/Early Head Start 

or McKinney Vento ECE Programs5

17%, 240 18%, 269 18%, 283 14%, 253 11%, 175 

6%, 81 7%, 114 4%, 56 

6%, 119 

6%, 102 

77%

Not Served 

1,080 

75%

Not Served 

1,144 

78%

Not Served 

1,235 

80%

Not Served 

1,476 

83%

Not Served 

1,372 

Wyoming

 Head Start/Early Head Start McKinney-Vento Not Served

23% 25% 22% 20% 17%

2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

Wyoming

Served by Federally- Funded ECE Programs 

For detailed information on indicator definitions, data sources, and 

methodology, please see full report, Early Childhood Homelessness 

State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18, Appendix III.

Notes: 

1. McCoy-Roth, M., Mackintosh, B.B., & Murphey, D. (2012). When 

the bough breaks: The effects of homelessness on young children. 

Early Childhood Highlights, 3.

2. Data from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 

3. Calculations by authors using methodology established by Bassuk, 

et al. (2014) and 2013-14 to 2017-18 data from U.S. Department 

of Education and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban 

Development.

4. Data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation KIDS COUNT data center.

5. Data from U.S. Department of Education and U.S. Department of 

Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and 

Families, Data on children under 6 experiencing homelessness 

served through Federally-funded child care & home visiting 

programs will be collected for the first time in 2017.

60 
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 61

Appendix I: Data Sources and Methodology

Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18 compiles data from multiple 

sources to provide policymakers and practitioners with information on the extent of early 

childhood homelessness and the availability of federally-funded early childhood education for 

young children experiencing homelessness across the United States. It also includes 

information about related economic factors that create barriers to stable, affordable housing 

for families. 

Data Sources

All data contained in this report are publicly available. Unless otherwise noted in the Methodology 

section below, data are from 2013-14 to 2017–1820

20 Data from the KIDS COUNT Data Center and the U.S. Census Bureau are reported for the calendar year

rather than for the school year.

and refer specifically to children under the age 

of six. Data for the profiles were drawn from the following sources:

The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT data center. Children living in households with a high 

housing cost burden. Retrieved national data from https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/7244-

children-living-in-households-with-a-high-housing-costburden#detailed/1/any/false/37,871,870,573,869,36,868,867,133,38/any/14287,14288, state data from

https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/7244-children-living-in-households-with-a-high-housing-costburden#detailed/2/2-53/false/37,871,870,573,869,36,868,867,133,38/any/14287,14288

The Annie E. Casey Foundation, KIDS COUNT data center. Children under age six with no resident 

parent in the labor force in the United States. Retrieved national data from

https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/5056-children-under-age-6-with-no-parent-in-the-laborforce?loc=1&loct=1#detailed/1/any/false/37,871,870,573,869,36,868,867,133,38/any/

11470,11471, state data from https://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/5056-children-under-age-6-

with-no-parent-in-the-labor-force?loc=1&loct=1#detailed/2/2-

53/false/37,871,870,573,869,36,868,867,133,38/any/11470,11471

U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Annual Estimates of the Civilian Population by Single Year 

of Age and Sex for the United States and States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018. Retrieved from

https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/file-layouts/2010-2018/scest2018-agesex-civ.pdf

U.S. Department of Education. Homeless children and youth served by McKinney---Vento subgrants------

Ages birth through 2: from 2013-14 to 2017–18. To request data files, contact EDFacts Support: 

https://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/ed/edfacts/eden/contacts.html
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 62

U.S. Department of Education. Total number of homeless students enrolled in LEAs with or 

without McKinney---Vento subgrants --- Total: from 2013-14 to 2017–18. To request data files, 

contact EDFacts Support: https://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/ed/edfacts/eden/contacts.html

U.S. Department of Education. Total number of homeless students enrolled in LEAs with or 

without McKinney---Vento subgrants --- Ages 3 to 5: from 2013-14 to 2017–18. To request data 

files, contact EDFacts Support: https://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/ed/edfacts/eden/contacts.html

U.S. Department of Education. Total number of homeless students served by McKinney--- Vento 

subgrants --- Ages 3 to 5: from 2013-14 to 2017–18. To request data files, contact EDFacts

Support: https://www2.ed.gov/about/inits/ed/edfacts/eden/contacts.html

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office 

of Head Start. (2018). Program information report: Total number of children experiencing 

homelessness that were served during the enrollment year. To request data files, contact the 

Office of Head Start: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ohs

Methodology

This report is a summary of five previous volumes of the Early Childhood Homelessness State 

Profiles prepared by HHS (January 201621

21 2016 Report: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ecd/homelessness_profile_package_blanks_final.pdf

& June 2017,

22

22 2017 Report: https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ecd/epfp_50_state_profiles_6_15_17_508.pdf

) and by ED (December 2018,

23

23 2018 Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhood-homelessness-stateprofiles.pdf

June 

2019,

24

24 2019 Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhood-homelessness-stateprofiles-2019.pdf

 & February 202025

25 2020 Report: https://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/disadv/homeless/early-childhood-homelessness-stateprofiles-2020.pdf

). In each volume, reported data was gathered from the data 

sources outlined above, or calculated using previously established strategies. The following 

sections provide additional detail about the methodology for each variable reported in the 

profiles.
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 63

Early Childhood Homelessness

The number of children under age six in each state was calculated using single year of age 

population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimate Program.26

26 U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. (June 2018). SC-EST2018-AGESEX-CIV: Annual Estimates of the Civilian 

Population by Single Year of Age and Sex for the United States and States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018. 

https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/technical-documentation/file-layouts/2010-2018/scest2018-agesex-civ.pdf

There are few existing estimates of the number of children under age six experiencing 

homelessness in the United States, and existing estimates may significantly underestimate this 

population. Data from ED’s Education for Homeless Children and Youth Program are among the 

most comprehensive sources of data on children under 18 experiencing homelessness in the 

United States because state and local educational agencies (LEAs) are required to identify and 

report the number of children who are experiencing homelessness in their service areas.

However, these data may not include all children experiencing homelessness under age three

and most commonly refer to children in the LEA-administered early childhood programs. Thus, 

these numbers could underestimate at a statistically significant level the prevalence of 

homelessness in the early childhood period.

To better estimate the total population of children under age six who experience 

homelessness, the state profiles adopt the methodology used by the National Center for Family 

Homelessness in America’s Youngest Outcasts: A Report Card on Child Homelessness27

27 https://www.air.org/sites/default/files/downloads/report/Americas-Youngest-Outcasts-Child-HomelessnessNov2014.pdf

(Bassuk 

et al., 2014). Broadly speaking, this methodology leverages ED’s comprehensive data on the 

number of children in grades K---12 experiencing homelessness to estimate early childhood 

homelessness. This research estimated that about half (49.2 percent) of all children 

experiencing sheltered homelessness in 2017 were under age six (HUD, 2018).28

28 The January 2016 edition of the state profiles estimated that 51 percent of all children experiencing

homelessness are under age 6 based on data using different research. Thus, the data presented in the 2017, 

2018, 2019, and 2020 editions of the state profiles should not be directly compared with data in the 

January 2016 report.

This 

methodology assumes that ED’s count of children in grades K---12 experiencing homelessness 

represents 50.8 percent of the overall population of children experiencing homelessness. The 

calculation uses this proportion to estimate the number of children under age six experiencing 

homelessness nationally and in each state.

For example, for 2017-18, ED’s data demonstrate that 1,502,872 children in grades K---12 

experienced homelessness nationwide in 2017-18. This figure does not include children ages 

three to five who are enrolled in public preschool, but who are not yet in kindergarten.
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 64

The number of children in grades K---12 experiencing homelessness is divided by .508 to 

estimate the total number of children under age 18 experiencing homelessness nationwide: 

1,502,872/.508 = 2,958,409

We then multiply this estimate of the total number of children experiencing homelessness by 

.492 to approximate the number of children under age six experiencing homelessness 

nationwide in 2017–18: 

2,958,409 x .492 = 1,455,537

While data calculated in this fashion comes closer to conveying the extent of early childhood 

homelessness than some other estimates, they should be viewed as conservative. Bassuk and 

colleagues (2014) outline several limitations that suggest the estimates remain an undercount. 

While all school districts are required to report data on the enrollment of children experiencing 

homelessness to the Federal government, not all school districts are able to provide them. 

Where data is available, stigma or embarrassment surrounding homelessness may discourage 

some children and families from sharing their housing status with their local school. Further, 

the ED data only represents children who are enrolled in public schools.

To calculate the portion of children under age six experiencing homelessness in each state, the 

estimated number of children under age six experiencing homelessness is divided by the total 

population of children under age six in each state.

Early Childhood Education for Children Experiencing Homelessness

The number of young children and families experiencing homelessness enrolled in Head 

Start/Early Head Start, including the Migrant, and American Indian and Alaska Native programs, 

is reported each year to the Office of Head Start directly by Head Start grantees. These figures 

are available online through the Head Start Program Information Report database and 

represent a full program year. The national estimate of children experiencing homelessness 

served by Head Start/Early Head Start includes programs in U.S. territories.

The number of young children served by McKinney---Vento subgrants to school districts is 

collected through the Consolidated State Performance Report, Part I. Data on the number of 

children served by a McKinney---Vento subgrant are submitted by school districts and include 

children under age six. Estimates of the number of children served are likely conservative 

because some states do not require school districts to report data on the number of children 

under age three who are served by McKinney---Vento subgrants.
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 65

To calculate the portion of children under age six experiencing homelessness that are served by 

federally-funded early childhood education (ECE) programs, we added the number served by 

Head Start programs and McKinney---Vento subgrants and divided by the estimated number of 

children under age six experiencing homelessness, rounding to the nearest percentage point. 

We then used the proportion of children served to estimate the proportion of children not 

served by either of the programs. It is possible that this total includes some duplicates (children 

served by both programs), though we would expect duplicates to be relatively few because 

LEAs comprise a minority of Head Start grantees nationwide.

These estimates do not account for young children experiencing homelessness served through 

Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF, subsidized child care) and the Individuals with 

Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part C, and IDEA’s Part B section 619 programs (early 

intervention, special education, and related services for infants, toddlers, and preschool 

children with disabilities) because these data are not currently available, but will be collected 

in future years. We expect that the CCDF program will begin reporting data on the number of 

young children experiencing homelessness served in future years; integrating these data into 

future reports will further refine estimates of the proportion of children served and not served 

by federally-funded early care and education programs.

Related Factors

Data for the Related Factors section were drawn directly from the Annie E. Casey Foundation’s 

KIDS COUNT Data Center.

The percentage of families experiencing a high housing cost burden includes all families with a 

child under age 18. A high housing cost burden is defined as a family that spends 30 percent or 

more of monthly income on housing costs.

The percentage of children under age six with no parent in the U.S. labor force is defined as the

percentage of young children under age six whose resident parents are not in the civilian labor

force.

References

Bassuk, E. L., DeCandia, C. J., Beach, C. A., & Berman, F. (2014). America’s youngest outcasts: A 

report card on child homelessness. Newton Centre, MA: American Institutes for Research.

Retrieved from: https://www.air.org/sites/default/files/downloads/report/Americas-YoungestOutcasts-Child-Homelessness-Nov2014.pdf
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 66

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (2018). 2017 annual homeless assessment 

report, part 2: Estimates of homelessness in the U.S. Retrieved from 

https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2017-AHAR-Part-2.pdf
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 67

Appendix II: Federal Definitions of Homelessness

Homelessness is defined in different ways depending on the respective Federal law. Below are 

Federal definitions and key terms that are used when talking about “homeless children and 

youths.” 

McKinney---Vento Homeless Assistance Act Definition of “Homeless Children and 

Youths”

Federal programs operated under these laws use the McKinney---Vento Homeless Assistance Act 

definition of “homeless children and youths” found in section 725(2) of the Act (42 U.S.C. 

§ 11434a(2)), to determine services for homeless children, including:

• the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965,

• the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and

• the Head Start Act.

Under section 725(2) of the Act (42 U.S.C. § 11434a(2)), the term "homeless children and 

youths"— 

A. means individuals who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence (within 

the meaning of section 103(a)(1) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act); and

B. includes— 

i. children and youths who are sharing the housing of other persons due to loss of 

housing, economic hardship, or a similar reason; are living in motels, hotels, 

trailer parks, or camping grounds due to the lack of alternative adequate 

accommodations; are living in emergencyor transitional shelters; are abandoned 

in hospitals; or are awaiting foster care placement;29

29 “Awaiting foster care placement” was deleted from the definition of “homeless children and youths” during 

reauthorization of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act in 2015. For “covered” states (i.e., those that 

have a statutory law that defines or describes the phrase “awaiting foster care placement” for purposes of a 

program under Subtitle VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act), the effective date for this 

change was December 10, 2017. For non-covered states, the effective date for this change was December 10, 

2016. 

ii. children and youths who have a primary nighttime residence that is a public or 

private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping 

accommodation for human beings (within the meaning of section 103(a)(2)(C) of 

the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act);
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 68

iii. children and youths who are living in cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned 

buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar settings; and

iv. migratory children (as such term is defined in section 1309 of the Elementary 

and Secondary Education Act of 1965) who qualify as homeless for the purposes 

of this subtitle because the children are living in circumstances described in 

clauses (i) through (iii).

Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing Act of 2009 

(“HEARTH Act”) Definition of “Homeless”

Among other things, the Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing Act

of 2009 modified the definition of “homeless” used by the U.S. Department of Housing and 

Urban Development (HUD). See 42 U.S.C. § 11302. The current definition of “homeless” used by 

HUD, as reflected in 24 C.F.R. § 583.5, is:

1) An individual or family who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence,

meaning:

i) An individual or family with a primary nighttime residence that is a public or private 

place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for 

human beings, including a car, park, abandoned building, bus or train station, 

airport, or camping ground;

ii) An individual or family living in a supervised publicly or privately-operated shelter 

designated to provide temporary living arrangements (including congregate shelters, 

transitional, and hotels and motels paid for by charitable organizations or by 

Federal, state, or local government programs for low---income individuals); or

iii) An individual who is exiting an institution where he or she resided for 90 days or less 

and who resided in an emergency shelter or place not meant for human habitation 

immediately before entering that institution;

2) An individual or family who will imminently lose their primary nighttime residence, 

provided that: 

i) The primary nighttime residence will be lost within 14 days of the date of application 

for homeless assistance;

ii) No subsequent residence has been identified; and

iii) The individual or family lacks the resources or support networks, e.g., family, friends, 

faith--- based, or other social networks, needed to obtain other permanent housing;
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 69

3) Unaccompanied youth under 25 years of age, or families with children and youth, who 

do not otherwise qualify as homeless under this definition, but who:

i) Are defined as homeless under section 387 of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act

(42 U.S.C. § 5732a), section 637 of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. § 9832), section 

41403 of the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. § 14043e---2), section 

330(h) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. § 254b(h)), section 3 of the Food 

and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. § 2012), section 17(b) of the Child Nutrition Act of 

1966 (42 U.S.C. § 1786(b)), or section 725 of the McKinney--Vento Homeless 

Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. § 11434a);

ii) Have not had a lease, ownership interest, or occupancy agreement in permanent 

housing at any time during the 60 days immediately preceding the date of 

application for homeless assistance;

iii) Have experienced persistent instability as measured by two moves or more during 

the 60--- day period immediately preceding the date of applying for homeless 

assistance; and

iv) Can be expected to continue in such status for an extended period of time because 

of chronic disabilities, chronic physical health or mental health conditions, substance 

addiction, histories of domestic violence or childhood abuse (including neglect), the 

presence of a child or youth with a disability, or two or more barriers to 

employment, which include the lack of a high school degree or General Education 

Development (GED), illiteracy, low English proficiency, a history of incarceration or 

detention for criminal activity, and a history of unstable employment; or

4) Any individual or family who:

i) Is fleeing, or is attempting to flee, domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, 

stalking, or other dangerous or life---threatening conditions that relate to violence 

against the individual or a family member, including a child, that has either taken 

place within the individual's or family's primary nighttime residence or has made the 

individual or family afraid to return to their primary nighttime residence;

ii) Has no other residence; and

iii) Lacks the resources or support networks, e.g., family, friends, and faith---based, or 

other social networks, to obtain other permanent housing.
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 70

Appendix III: Federally-Funded Early Childhood Programs

Head Start

https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ohs

Head Start, administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) through 

the Office of Head Start at the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), is a 

comprehensive child development program that serves children from birth to age five, 

pregnant women, and their families. It is a child---focused, multi---generational program with the 

overall goal of increasing the school readiness of young children in low---income families. The 

children of families experiencing homelessness are categorically eligible for Head Start and are 

identified and prioritized for enrollment. 

Head Start and Early Head Start provide children and their families with services related to 

education; nutrition; developmental, medical, and dental screenings; immunizations; mental 

health and social services referrals; family engagement; and in some cases transportation. Head 

Start was reauthorized by the Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007 (Public 

Law 110---134). In this reauthorization, age---eligible children whose families are determined to be 

homeless are categorically eligible for Head Start and Early Head Start programs. Many Head 

Start grantees serve families experiencing homelessness through home---based and center---based 

programs, both of which provide many supportive services to children and families regardless 

of their living circumstances.

Child Care and Development Fund

https://www.acf.hhs.gov/occ

The Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF), administered by HHS through the Office of Child 

Care (OCC) at the ACF, awards grants to states, territories, and tribes to provide child care 

subsidies for low-income working families and to fund quality improvement activities such as 

professional development for child care providers. Subsidized childcare services are available to 

eligible families through certificates (vouchers), or grants and contracts with providers. 

Approximately 1.3 million children receive a childcare subsidy from the CCDF program every 

month. As a block grant, this program offers states, territories, and tribes significant flexibility 

in designing their CCDF policies, including the ability to define eligibility and prioritize 

resources. OCC encourages states to leverage this flexibility to offer access to the most 

vulnerable populations, including families experiencing homelessness.

On November 19, 2014, the President signed into law the Child Care and Development Block 

Grant (CCDBG) Act of 2014, which reauthorized the CCDF. This reauthorization of CCDF 
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 71

included significant changes in defining health and safety requirements for childcare providers, 

outlining family---friendly eligibility policies, expanding quality improvement efforts, and 

ensuring parents and the public have transparent information about the child care choices 

available to them. One of these changes required states to report whether children receiving 

CCDF assistance are children experiencing homelessness, using the McKinney---Vento Homeless 

Assistance Act definition of homelessness.

30

30 While the Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act implemented by the U.S. Department of Health and 

Human Services relies on the McKinney---Vento Homeless Assistance Act definition of “homeless children and 

youths” found in section 725(2) of the Act (42 U.S.C. § 11434a(2))), the Child Care and Development Fund 

(CCDF) regulations also require its Lead Agencies to use the McKinney-Vento definition. 

Collecting this data will be important for tracking 

performance on serving children and families who are experiencing homelessness.

Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting

https://mchb.hrsa.gov/maternal-child-health-initiatives/home-visiting-overview

The Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program, administered by 

the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) in partnership with the ACF, supports 

voluntary, evidence-based home visiting programs for at-risk pregnant women and parents 

with children up to kindergarten entry. The MIECHV program was initially created in 2010 under 

the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111-148) and provides grants to 

states, tribes, and territories to establish programs that: 

• Improve maternal and child health

• Prevent child abuse and neglect

• Promote positive parenting

• Support child development

These aims are achieved through regular meetings between a family and a trained professional 

or paraprofessional in the family’s home. In FY 2018, the MIECHV Program served all 50 states, 

the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. Among the 55 awardees with available data, 

the Program served approximately 150,000 parents and children. In FY 2018, MIECHV awardees 

reported serving 2,261 adult participants experiencing homelessness. This accounts for 

approximately three percent of all adult participants served.

In 2019 HRSA awarded approximately $351 million in funding to 56 states, territories, and 

nonprofit organizations. Awardees must invest the majority of funds received to implement
Early Childhood Homelessness State Profiles: 2013-14 to 2017-18

U.S. Department of Education Office of the Chief Data Officer | 72

evidence-based home visiting models with up to 25 percent of funding available to support the 

implementation and evaluation of promising approaches.

The Education for Homeless Children and Youths program under the McKinneyVento Homeless Assistance Act

https://www2.ed.gov/programs/homeless/index.html

Subtitle VII-B of the McKinney--- Vento Homeless Assistance Act offers support for states, tribes, 

and outlying areas to ensure that children and youth experiencing homelessness have equal 

access to a free and appropriate public education. The McKinney---Vento Homeless Assistance 

Act was initially passed in 1987 and was most recently amended through the Every Student 

Succeeds Act in 2015. The program is administered by the U.S. Department of Education (ED). 

In 2017–18, the Education for Homeless Children and Youths Program received $85 million in

Federal funding. Each year, ED allocates formula grants to states based on their share of Title I, 

Part A; the Bureau of Indian Affairs and outlying areas also receive funds. In turn, each state 

must distribute at least 75 percent31

31 Under section 722(e)(1) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. § 11432(e)(1),)), states 

funded at the minimum level must distribute not less than 50 percent in subgrants to LEAs.

of its grant to local educational agencies (LEAs) to 

facilitate educational success for children and youth experiencing homelessness through a 

competitive subgrant process.

LEAs may use subgrant funds for activities such as collaboration with other local entities and 

resolving challenges related to transportation, school records, and residency requirements. In 

each state, program funds also support a coordination office to monitor the needs of children 

and youth experiencing homelessness.32

32 For more information, see: https://www2.ed.gov/programs/homeless/ehcyprogramprofile.pdf. 
www.ed.gov