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                                                                     EXHIBIT 3.1

                                     BYLAWS
                                       OF
                             AMCORE FINANCIAL, INC.


                                    ARTICLE I
                                     OFFICES

         The principal office of the corporation in the State of Nevada shall be
located in the City of Reno, County of Washoe. The corporation may have such
other offices, either within or without the State of Nevada, as the board of
directors may designate or as the business of the corporation may require from
time to time.


                                   ARTICLE II
                                  STOCKHOLDERS

         Section 1. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders shall
be held on the first Tuesday in the month of May in each year, at the hour set
forth in the notice of meeting, or at such other time or on such other day
within thirty days as shall be fixed by the board of directors for the purpose
of electing directors and for the transaction of such other business as may come
before the meeting. If the day fixed for the annual meeting shall be a legal
holiday, such meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day. If the
election of directors shall not be held on the day designated herein for any
annual meeting of the stockholders, or at any adjournment thereof, the board of
directors shall cause the election to be held at a special meeting of the
stockholders as soon thereafter as may be convenient.

         Section 2. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders, for
any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute may be called by
the chairman of the board, chief executive officer or by the board of directors.

         Section 3. Place of Meeting. The board of directors may designate any
place, either within or without the State of Nevada, as the place of meeting for
any annual meeting or for any special meeting called by the board of directors.
A special meeting called by the chairman of the board or by the chief executive
officer shall be held at such place, either within or without the State of
Nevada, as may be designated in the notice of such meeting. A waiver of notice
signed by all stockholders entitled to vote at a meeting may designate any
place, either within or without the State of Nevada, as the place for the
holding of such meeting. If no designation is made, the place of meeting shall
be the principal office of the corporation in the State of Nevada.


         Section 4. Notice of Meeting. Notice of any annual or special meeting
of stockholders shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at
such meeting

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by written notice signed by the chairman of the board, the chief executive
officer, a vice president, the secretary, or the assistant secretary of the
corporation, or by such other person or persons as the board of directors shall
designate, stating the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called and
the time and the place, which may be within or without the State of Nevada,
where it is to be held. A copy of such notice shall be either delivered
personally to, or shall be mailed postage prepaid, to each stockholder of record
entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten nor more than sixty days
before such meeting. If mailed, it shall be directed to a stockholder at his
address as it appears upon the records of the corporation, and upon such mailing
of any such notice the service thereof shall be complete, and the time of the
notice shall begin to run from the date upon which such notice is deposited in
the mail for transmission to such stockholder. Delivery of any such notice to
any officer of a corporation or association or to any member of a partnership,
shall constitute delivery of such notice to such corporation, association or
partnership.

         Section 5. Closing of Transfer Books or Fixing of Record Date. For the
purposes of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any
meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or stockholders entitled to
receive payment of any dividend, or in order to make a determination of
stockholders for any other proper purpose, the board of directors may fix in
advance a date as the record date for such determination of stockholders, such
date in any case to be not more than sixty days, and, in the case of a meeting
of stockholders, not less than ten days prior to the date on which the
particular action requiring such determination of stockholders is to be taken.
If no record date is fixed for the determination of stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders, or stockholders entitled to
receive payment of a dividend, the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed
or the date on which the resolution of the board of directors declaring such
dividend is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such
determination of stockholders. When a determination of stockholders entitled to
vote at any meeting of stockholders has been made as provided in this Section,
such determination shall apply at any adjournment thereof.

         Section 6. Inspectors. The board of directors may, in advance of any
stockholders meeting, appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting or
any adjournment thereof. If inspectors are not so appointed, the person
presiding at a stockholders' meeting may, and on the request of any stockholder
entitled to vote there at, shall make such appointment. In case any person
appointed as inspector fails to appear or act, the vacancy may be filled by
appointment made by the board of directors in advance of the meeting or at the
meeting by the person presiding at the meeting. The inspectors shall determine
the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each, the shares
represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, the validity and effect
of proxies and shall receive votes, hear and determine all challenges and
questions arising in connection with the right to vote, count and tabulate all
votes, determine the result and do such acts as are proper to conduct the
election or vote with fairness to all stockholders. If there are three or more
inspectors, the act of a majority shall govern.


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         Section 7. Quorum. A majority of the outstanding shares of the
corporation entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, shall
constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders. In the absence of a quorum, a
majority of the shares represented at a meeting of stockholders may adjourn the
meeting from time to time without further notice. At such adjourned meeting at
which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted
which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. The
stockholders present at a duly organized meeting may continue to transact
business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough
stockholders to leave less than a quorum.

         Section 8. Proxies. At any meeting of the stockholders of the
corporation any stockholder may be represented and vote by proxy or proxies
appointed by an instrument in writing. In the event that any such instrument in
writing shall designate two or more persons to act as proxies, a majority of
such persons present at the meeting, or, if only one shall be present, then that
one shall have and may exercise all of the powers conferred by such written
instrument upon all of the persons so designated unless the instrument shall
otherwise provide.

         No such proxy shall be valid after the expiration of six months from
the day of its execution, unless coupled with an interest, or unless the person
executing it specifies therein the length of time for which it is to continue in
force, which in no case shall exceed seven years from the date of its execution.
Subject to the above, any proxy duly executed is not revoked and continues in
full force and effect until an instrument revoking it or a duly executed proxy
bearing a later date is filed with the secretary of the corporation.

         Section 9. Voting of Shares. Each holder of common stock shall be
entitled to one vote for each share thereof held upon each matter submitted to a
vote at a meeting of stockholders. The election of each director shall
constitute a matter submitted to a vote, and each stockholder shall be entitled
to cast his votes for a nominee for each director to be elected on a
noncumulative basis. Whenever directors are to be elected by the stockholders,
they shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at the election. Whenever
any action, other than the election of directors, is to be taken by a vote of
the stockholders, it shall, except as otherwise required by law, be authorized
by a majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders by the holders of
shares entitled to vote thereon.

         Section 10. Voting of Shares by Certain Holders. Shares standing in the
name of another corporation may be voted by such officer, agent or proxy as the
bylaws of such corporation may prescribe, or, in the absence of such provision,
as the board of directors of such other corporation may determine.

         Shares standing in the name of a deceased person, a minor ward or an
incompetent person, may be voted by his administrator, executor, court appointed
guardian or conservator, either in person or by proxy without a transfer of such
shares into the name of such administrator, executor, court appointed guardian
or conservator. Shares standing


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in the name of a trustee may be voted by the trustee, either in person or by
proxy, but no trustee shall be entitled to vote shares held by the trustee
without a transfer of such shares into the trustee's name.

         Shares standing in the name of a receiver may be voted by such
receiver, and shares held by or under the control of a receiver may be voted by
such receiver without the transfer thereof into the receiver's name if authority
so to do be contained in an appropriate order of the court by which such
receiver was appointed.

         A stockholder whose shares are pledged shall be entitled to vote such
shares until the shares have been transferred into the name of the pledgee and
thereafter the pledgee shall be entitled to vote the shares so transferred.

         Treasury shares of its own stock held by the corporation shall not be
voted, directly or indirectly, at any meeting and shall not be counted in
determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time, but shares
of its own stock held by it in a fiduciary capacity may be voted and shall be
counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

         Section 11. Voting Record. The officer or agent having charge of the
stock transfer books for shares of the corporation shall make a complete record
of the stockholders entitled to vote at each meeting of stockholders or any
adjournment thereof, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of and the
number of shares held by each. Such record shall be available for inspection by
the inspectors appointed to act at the meeting or by any stockholder present at
the meeting upon request made to the person presiding at such meeting.

         Section 12. Formal Action by Stockholders Required. Any action required
or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the corporation must be effected
at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be
effected by written consents of such stockholders.



                                   ARTICLE III
                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS

         Section 1. General Powers. The business and affairs of the corporation
shall be managed by its board of directors.

         Section 2. Number, Tenure and Qualifications. The board of directors of
the



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corporation shall consist of such number of directors, not less than three nor
more than fourteen, as shall be fixed from time to time by the board of
directors. Each director shall hold office until the annual meeting of
stockholders of the year in which his term of office expires and until his
successor shall have been elected and qualified.

         Section 3. Nomination of Directors. Only persons who are nominated in
accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as
directors at an annual meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the board
of the corporation at the annual meeting may be made at a meeting of
stockholders by or at the direction of the board of directors by any nominating
committee or person appointed by the board or by any stockholder of the
corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting who
complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 3 of Article III.
Such nominations, other than those made by or at the direction of the board,
shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the secretary of the
corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice shall be delivered to or
mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Company not less
than 50 days nor more than 75 days prior to the meeting.

         Such stockholder's notice to the secretary shall set forth (a) as to
each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or
re-election as a director: (i) the name, age, business address and residence
address of the person; (ii) the principal occupation or employment of the
person; (iii) the class and number of shares of capital stock of the corporation
which are beneficially owned by the person and (iv) any other information
relating to the person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations for
proxies for election of directors pursuant to Rule 14a under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the
notice: (i) the name and record address of stockholder and (ii) the class and
number of shares of capital stock of the corporation which are beneficially
owned by the stockholder. The corporation may require any proposed nominee to
furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the corporation
to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as director of
the corporation.

         The Board of Directors may also elect directors, in the event either of
a vacancy or an increase in the number of directorships established, for the
term set forth in the Articles of Incorporation.


         No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the
corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth herein.
The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare
to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing
procedure, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and
the defective nomination shall be disregarded.

         Section 4. Regular Meetings. The regular annual meeting of the board of
directors shall be held on the same day as the shareholders annual meeting, at
the hour set forth in the notice of the meeting, or at such other time or on
such other day within thirty



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days as shall be fixed by the board of directors. Regular meetings of the board
of directors shall be held in February, May, August and November of each year,
without notice other than this bylaw, on the Wednesday following the second
Tuesday of each such month, at such time and place, either within or without the
State of Nevada, as the board of directors may from time to time determine by
resolution. In addition, the board of directors may provide, by resolution, the
time and place, either within or without the State of Nevada, for the holding of
additional regular meetings without other notice than such resolution.

         Section 5. Special Meetings.Special meetings of the board of directors
may be held by or at the request of the chairman of the board, the chief
executive officer or any two directors. The person or persons authorized to call
special meetings of the board of directors may fix any place, either within or
without the State of Nevada, as the place for holding any special meeting of the
board of directors called by them.

         Section 6. Notice. Notice of any special meeting shall be given at
least two days previously thereto by written notice delivered personally or
mailed to each director at his business address, or by telegram. If mailed, such
notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail,
so addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. If notice be given by telegram, such
notice shall be deemed to be delivered when the telegram is delivered to the
telegraph company. The attendance of a director at a meeting shall constitute a
waiver of notice of such meeting, except where a director attends a meeting for
the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the
meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be
transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the board
of directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such
meeting.

         Section 7. Quorum. A majority of the board of directors shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the board
of directors, provided that if less than a majority of the directors are present
at said meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting
from time to time without further notice.

         Section 8. Manner of Acting. The act of the majority of the directors
present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the board
of directors.

         Section 9. Action Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted
to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors or of any committee thereof
may be taken without a meeting if a written consent thereto is signed by all of
the members of the board or of such committee, as the case may be. Such written
consent shall be filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or
committee.

         Section 10. Meetings by Conference Telephone or Similar Communications
Method. Members of the board of directors of the corporation or of any committee
designated by the board, may participate in a meeting of the board or such
committee by means of a conference telephone network or a similar communications
method by which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other.
Any meeting held in such manner shall be held at a place providing access to a
conference telephone network or



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similar communications method which permits members of the board of directors or
committee to participate in the meeting in accordance with this Section without
being present at the meeting. Participation in a meeting in such manner shall
constitute presence in person at such meeting.

         Section 11. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in the board of directors
may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors
though less than a quorum of the board of directors. A director elected to fill
a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired term of his predecessor in office.
Any directorship to be filled by reason of an increase in the number of
directors may be filled by election by the board of directors for a term of
office continuing only until the next election of directors by the stockholders.

         Section 12. Compensation. By resolution of the board of directors, each
director may be paid his expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the
board of directors or any committee thereof, and may be paid a stated salary as
director or a fixed sum for attendance at each meeting or both. For the purposes
of this Section, participation in a meeting of the board of directors or any
committee thereof by means of a conference telephone network or a similar
communications method shall constitute attendance at such meeting. No such
payment shall preclude any director from serving the corporation in any other
capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

         Section 13. Presumption of Assent. A director of the corporation who is
present at a meeting of the board of directors at which action on any corporate
matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action unless his
dissent shall be entered in the minutes of the meeting or unless he shall file
his written dissent to such action with the secretary of the board before the
adjournment thereof or shall forward such dissent by registered mail to the
secretary of the board immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such
right to dissent shall not apply to a director who voted in favor of such
action.


         Section 14. Emeritus Directors. The board of directors may, by
resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate a director of the
corporation who has retired to the honorary position of an emeritus director or
any other designation as determined by the board. Emeritus directors shall not
manage the business or affairs of the corporation. An emeritus director who was
elected by the board of directors at the 1996 annual meeting of shareholders, or
earlier, may receive compensation as set forth in a policy adopted by the board
of directors. Emeritus directors elected by the board of directors subsequent to
the 1996 annual meeting of stockholders shall receive no compensation for being
designated an emeritus director or any other emeritus designation.


                                   ARTICLE IV
                              EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES



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         Section 1. Appointment and Authority. The board of directors may, by
resolution or resolutions passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one
or more executive committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the
directors and may include officers of the corporation, unless prohibited by law
or these bylaws, one of whom shall be designated as chairman, which, to the
extent provided in the resolution or resolutions, shall have and may exercise
the powers of the board of directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the corporation, and may have power to authorize the seal of the
corporation to be affixed to all papers on which the corporation desires to
place a seal, except that no such committee shall have the authority of the
board of directors in reference to: (a) amending the Articles of Incorporation;
(b) adopting a plan of merger or consolidation; (c) recommending to the
stockholders the sale, lease or other disposition of all or substantially all of
the property and assets of the corporation otherwise than in the usual and
regular course of its business; (d) recommending to the stockholders a voluntary
dissolution of the corporation or a revocation thereof; (e) making, altering,
amending or repealing any bylaws of the corporation; (f) electing, appointing or
removing any director or officer of the corporation; (g) submitting to
stockholders any action that requires stockholders' approval; (h) amending or
repealing any resolution theretofore adopted by the whole board of directors; or
(i) declaring dividends. Such committee or committees shall have such name or
names as may be determined from time to time by resolution adopted by the board
of directors. The designation of each such committee and the delegation thereto
of authority shall not operate to relieve the board of directors, or any member
thereof, of any responsibility imposed by law.

         Section 2. Tenure and Qualifications. Each member of an executive
committee shall hold office until the next regular annual meeting of the board
of directors following his or her designation and until his or her successor is
designated as a member of the committee and qualified.


         Section 3. Meetings. Meetings of an executive committee may be held at
such times and places as the chairman, chief executive officer or chairman of
the committee may determine. Special meetings of an executive committee may be
called by any member thereof upon not less than two day's notice stating the
place, date and hour of the meeting, which notice may be written or oral, and if
mailed, shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail
addressed to the member of the committee at his business address. Any member of
an executive committee may waive notice of any meeting and no notice of any
meeting need be given to any member thereof who attends in person. The notice of
a meeting of an executive committee need not state the business proposed to be
transacted at the meeting.

         Section 4. Quorum. A majority of the members of an executive committee
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting
thereof, and action of the committee must be authorized by the affirmative vote
of a majority of the members present at a meeting at which a quorum is present.



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         Section 5. Vacancies. Any vacancy in an executive committee may be
filled by a resolution adopted by a majority of the full board of directors.

         Section 6. Resignations and Removal. Any member of an executive
committee may be removed at any time with or without cause by resolution adopted
by a majority of the full board of directors. Any member of an executive
committee may resign from the committee at any time by giving written notice to
the chairman or secretary of the corporation, and unless otherwise specified
therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it
effective.

         Section 7. Procedure. Each committee chairman and secretary shall be
appointed by the board of directors. The committee may fix its own rules of
procedures and adopt its own charters which shall not be inconsistent with these
bylaws or the law. It shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and actions and
report the same to the board of directors for its information and ratification,
if applicable, at the next meeting of the board of directors.

         Section 8. Executive Management Committee. One of the executive
committees shall be an executive management committee which shall meet as
needed. Its duties shall include the management of the business and affairs of
the corporation when the board of directors is not in session. It shall have all
of the powers, duties, responsibilities and authority of the board except as
prohibited by law and Section 1, Article IV, of these bylaws.




         Section 9. Audit Committee. One of the executive committees shall be an
audit committee, which shall meet a minimum of three times per year. The members
of the audit committee shall be directors of the corporation who are not
officers engaged in the management of the corporation. Its duties shall include
reviewing the proposed scope of the annual audit and the results and
recommendations of the independent auditors on completion of the annual audit;
recommending to the board of directors a firm of independent auditors whose
appointment shall be submitted to the stockholders for ratification at the
annual meeting; recommending the compensation of the independent auditors;
reviewing the system of internal controls of the corporation and its
subsidiaries and the performance of its internal audit services; monitoring
compliance by management with certain policies of the corporation.

         Section 10. Compensation Committee. One of the executive committees
shall be a compensation committee which shall meet not less than once a year.
Its duties shall include reviewing and recommending the compensation of the
executive officers and compensation programs for the corporation to the board of
directors.

         Section 11. Investment Committee. One of the executive committees shall
be an


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investment committee which shall meet a minimum of three times per year. Its
duties shall include reviewing and directing the investments held by the
corporation or its subsidiaries as corporate funds. It shall review, formulate
and adopt investment policies and, if appropriate, select, review, appoint,
monitor and terminate investment managers.


                                    ARTICLE V
                                    OFFICERS

         Section 1. Number. The officers of the corporation and the number of
them to be assigned to each level of responsibility shall be elected and
determined by the board of directors and may include a chairman, a vice
chairman, chief executive officer, president (who, if a separate chief executive
officer is not named, shall be chief executive officer), executive vice
president, senior vice president, vice president treasurer, auditor, secretary
and assistant secretary. Functional designations as, and appointments of, chief
operating officer, chief financial officer, chief administrative officer, chief
marketing officer, controller, and such other officers and assistant officers as
may be deemed necessary from time to time, shall be made by the board of
directors. In addition, the corporation shall have a resident agent in the State
of Nevada, which agent shall be appointed by the board of directors. Any two or
more offices may be held by the same person.

         Section 2. Election and Term of Office. The officers of the corporation
to be elected by the board of directors shall be elected annually by the board
of directors at the annual meeting of the board. If the election of officers
shall not be held at such meeting, such election shall be held as soon
thereafter as may be convenient. Each officer shall hold office until his
successor shall have been duly elected and shall have qualified or until his
death or until he shall resign or shall have been removed in the manner
hereinafter provided.

         Section 3. Removal. Any officer may be removed by the board of
directors whenever in its judgment the best interests of the corporation will be
served thereby, such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights,
if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of an officer shall
not of itself create contract rights.

         Section 4. Vacancies. A vacancy in any office because of death,
resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise, may be filled by the board
of directors for the unexpired portion of the term.

         Section 5. Chairman. The chairman shall preside at all meetings of the
board of directors and at all meetings of the stockholders. The chairman shall
also perform such other duties as may be assigned to him from time to time by
the board of directors.

         Section 6. Chief Executive Officer. The chief executive officer of the
corporation, subject to the control of the board of directors, shall in general
supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the corporation. The
chief executive office will assume



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specific responsibility and the authority necessary to assure the desired
conduct, operations, and results of the corporation officers reporting directly
to him, as well as the senior executive officer of each and all affiliate banks
or subsidiary companies, whose overall responsibility is the successful
management and administration of his or her respective bank or company, except
that the chief executive officer shall not be empowered to cause the senior
executive officer of an affiliate bank or subsidiary company to undertake any
act or omission contrary to law, or inconsistent with the rules and regulations
or the directives of a regulatory authority, or which would create personal
liability for any director or officer of such affiliate bank or subsidiary
company. He or she shall, in the absence of the chairman of the board, preside
at all meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors. He may vote
any shares or other securities of any domestic or foreign corporation of any
kind or type or of any federal instrumentality or association which may at any
time be owned by the corporation, may execute any stockholders' or other
consents or waivers in respect thereof, and a certified copy of this bylaw
provision together with a certificate of incumbency delivered to an issuer of
such stock or security shall constitute the proxy of this corporation for the
chief executive officer to execute, such powers shall remain in force from the
date of such delivery until there shall have been delivered to such issuer a
certified amendment of this bylaw provision or a certified instrument revoking
such incumbency. The chief executive officer may in his or her discretion
delegate such powers by executing proxies, or otherwise, on behalf of the
corporation. He or she may sign, with the secretary or any other proper officer
of the corporation as authorized by the board of directors, certificates for
shares of the corporation, deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other
instruments which the board of directors has authorized to be executed, except
in cases where the signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by
the board of directors or by these bylaws to some other officer or agent of the
corporation, or shall be required by law to be otherwise signed or executed; and
in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of chief executive
officer and such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors
from time to time.

         Section 7. President. The president shall have such duties as may be
prescribed by the board of directors from time to time.

         Section 8. Executive Vice President; Senior Vice President; Vice
President. Except as otherwise provided in this ARTICLE V, in the absence of the
chief executive officer or in the event of his death, inability or refusal to
act, the individual serving as the executive vice president and/or chief
operating officer of the corporation, or if there is none, the individual
serving as executive vice president and/or chief financial officer of the
corporation, or if there is none, the executive vice president and/or chief
administrative officer, or if there is none, the president or one of the senior
vice presidents, in the order designated at the time of their election, or in
the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election, shall
perform the duties of the chief executive officer, and when so acting, shall
have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the chief
executive officer. Any vice president of any rank may sign, with the secretary
or an assistant secretary, certificates for shares of the corporation, and shall
perform such other


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duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the chief executive
officer.

         Section 9. Secretary. The secretary and any assistant secretary shall:
(a) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of
these bylaws or as required by law; (b) be custodian of the corporate records
and of the seal of the corporation and see that the seal of the corporation is
affixed to all documents the execution of which on behalf of the corporation
under its seal is duly authorized; (c) keep a register of the address of each
stockholder which shall be furnished to the secretary by such stockholder; (d)
sign with the chief executive officer, the president, or a vice president,
certificates for shares of the corporation, the issuance of which shall have
been authorized by resolution of the board of directors; (e) have general charge
of the stock transfer books of the corporation; (f) shall keep the minute book
of the corporation, record therein the minutes of all meetings of the board of
directors and of the shareholders of the corporation (except only in the event
of an executive session of the board of directors at which only directors shall
be present), and read and submit for approval such minutes at the next meeting
of the board of directors or stockholders, as the case may be, unless copies of
such minutes have been distributed or made available to all persons in
attendance at such subsequent meeting, in which event the reading of the minutes
may be dispensed with by motion; and (g) in general perform all duties incident
to the office of secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be
assigned to him by the chief executive officer or by the board of directors.

         Section 10. Treasurer. The treasurer shall: (a) have charge and custody
of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the corporation; (b)
receive and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the corporation from any
source whatsoever, and deposit all such moneys in the name of the corporation in
such banks, trust companies or other depositories as shall be selected in
accordance with the provisions of Article VI of these bylaws; and (e) in general
perform all of the duties incident to the office of treasurer and such other
duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the chief executive
officer or by the board of directors. If required by the board of directors, the
treasurer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his duties in such sum
and with such surety or sureties as the board of directors shall determine.

         Section 11. Resident Agent. The resident agent shall hold office until
a successor shall have been appointed and shall have qualified. The resident
agent may be either an individual or a corporation, shall reside or be located
in the State of Nevada, shall have charge of the principal office of the
corporation in the State of Nevada and shall perform those duties specified by
the laws of the State of Nevada but shall otherwise have no authority to act on
behalf of the corporation. The resident agent may be removed by the board of
directors at its pleasure, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the
contract rights, if any, of the agent so removed. Appointment of a resident
agent shall not of itself create contract rights.

         Section 12. Salaries. The salaries of the officers shall be fixed from
time to time by the board of directors and no officer shall be prevented from
receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the
corporation.




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                                   ARTICLE VI
                      CONTRACTS, LOANS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS

         Section 1. Contracts. The board of directors may authorize any officer
or officers, agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver
any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation, and such
authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

         Section 2. Loans. No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the
corporation and no evidence of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless
authorized by a resolution of the board of directors. Such authority may be
general or confined to specific instances.

         Section 3. Checks, Drafts, etc. All checks, drafts or other orders for
the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the
name of the corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or
agents of the corporation and in such manner as shall from time to time be
determined by the board of directors.

         Section 4. Deposits. All funds of the corporation not otherwise
employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the corporation
in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the board of directors
may select.


                                   ARTICLE VII
            CERTIFICATED AND UNCERTIFICATED SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER

         Section 1. Certificated and Uncertificated Shares. The corporation may
issue certificated or uncertificated shares of some or all of the shares of any
or all of its classes or series. The issuance of uncertificated shares has no
effect on existing certificates for shares until surrendered to the corporation,
or on the respective rights and obligations of the stockholders. Unless
otherwise provided by a specific law or statute, the rights and obligations of
stockholders are identical whether or not their shares are represented by
certificates.

         Section 2. Certificates for Shares. Certificated shares of the
corporation shall be in such form as shall be determined by the board of
directors. Such certificates shall be signed by the chief executive officer,
president or a vice president and by the secretary or an assistant secretary and
sealed with the corporate seal or a facsimile thereof. The signatures of such
officers upon a certificate may be printed or lithographed upon such certificate
in lieu of the actual signatures if the certificate is countersigned or
otherwise authenticated by a transfer agent or transfer clerk, and by a
registrar, other than the corporation itself or one of its employees. Each
certificate for shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified.
The name and address of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are
issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall



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<PAGE>

be entered on the stock transfer books of the corporation. All certificates
surrendered to the corporation for transfer shall be canceled and no new
certificate shall be issued until the former certificate for a like number of
shares shall have been surrendered and canceled, except that in case of a lost,
destroyed or mutilated certificate a new one may be issued therefore upon such
terms and indemnity to the corporation as the board of directors may prescribe.

         Section 3. Uncertificated Shares. The name and address of the person to
whom such shares are issued, with the number of shares and the date of issue,
shall be entered on the stock transfer books of the corporation. Within a
reasonable time after the issuance or transfer of shares without certificates,
the corporation shall send the stockholder a written statement containing the
name of the owner of the shares, the number of shares owned and the date of
issue. At least annually thereafter, the corporation shall provide to its
stockholders of record, a written statement confirming the information contained
in the informational statement previously sent pursuant to this Section.


         Section 4. Transfer of Shares. Transfer of shares of the corporation
shall be made only on the stock transfer books of the corporation by the holder
of record thereof or by his legal representative, who shall furnish proper
evidence of authority to transfer, or by his attorney there unto authorized by a
power of attorney duly executed and filed with the secretary of the corporation,
and on surrender for cancellation of the certificate for such shares, if such
shares are in certificated form. The person in whose name shares stand on the
books of the corporation shall be deemed by the corporation to be the owner
thereof for all purposes.


                                  ARTICLE VIII
                                   FISCAL YEAR

         The fiscal year of the corporation shall begin on the 1st day of
January and end on the 31st day of December in each year.


                                   ARTICLE IX
                                 CORPORATE SEAL

         The board of directors shall provide a corporate seal which shall be
circular in form and shall have inscribed thereon the name of the corporation
and state of incorporation and the words "Corporate Seal."


                                    ARTICLE X
                                WAIVER OF NOTICE



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<PAGE>

         Whenever any notice is required to be given to any stockholder or
director of the corporation under the provisions of these bylaws or under the
provisions of the Articles of Incorporation or under the provisions of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Nevada, a waiver thereof in writing
signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after
the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such
notice.



                                   ARTICLE XI
                                   AMENDMENTS

         These bylaws may be altered or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted
by the board of directors, but bylaws adopted by the board of directors may be
altered or repealed, and new bylaws made by the stockholders entitled to vote
thereon.

                                   ARTICLE XII
                                     RECORDS

         Section 1. Records to be Kept at Principal Office. The corporation
shall keep and maintain at its principal office in the State of Nevada:

         (a)      a certified copy of its Articles of Incorporation and all
                  amendments thereto;

         (b)      a certified copy of its bylaws and all amendments thereto;

         (c)      a stock ledger or duplicate stock ledger, revised annually,
                  containing the names, alphabetically arranged, of all persons
                  who are stockholders of the corporation, showing their places
                  of residence, if known, and the number of shares held by them
                  respectively; or

         (d)      in lieu of stock ledger or duplicate stock ledger specified in
                  subsection (c), a statement setting out the name of the
                  custodian of the stock ledger or duplicate stock ledger, and
                  the present and complete post office address, including street
                  and number, if any, where such stock ledger or duplicate stock
                  ledger specified in this subsection is kept.

         Section 2. Inspection of Records. Any person who has been a stockholder
of record of the corporation for at least six months immediately preceding his
demand, or any person holding, or there unto authorized in writing by the
holders of, at least 5% of all its outstanding shares, upon at least five days
written demand, or any judgment creditor of the corporation without prior
demand, shall have the right to inspect in person or by agent or attorney,
during usual business hours, the stock ledger or duplicate stock ledger, whether
kept in the principal office of the corporation in the State of Nevada or
elsewhere as


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<PAGE>

provided in subsection (d) of Section 1, and to make extracts therefrom. Any
such inspection may be denied to such stockholder or other person upon his
refusal to furnish to the corporation an affidavit that such inspection is not
desired for a purpose which is in the interest of a business or object other
than the business of the corporation and that he has not at any time sold or
offered for sale any list of stockholders of any domestic or foreign corporation
or aided or abetted any person in procuring any such record of stockholders for
any such purpose.

Adopted: July 6, 1982

Amended:    August 10, 1982
            November 9, 1982
            December 13, 1983
            February 22, 1984
            February 12, 1986
            May 14, 1986
            August 13, 1986
            November 13, 1986
            February 11, 1987
            February 17, 1988
            May 16, 1990
            February 16, 2000
            May 9, 2000
            May 17, 2000
            December 7, 2001 - Article VII Replaced





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