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PUBLICATIONS

NIST TECHNICAL NOTE 1330

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Institute o\ Standards and Technology
rheNational Institute of Standards and Tcchnolog/ was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Institute's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and

fecilitate their effective application for public benefit To this end, the Institute conducts research to assure international competitiveness and leadership of U.S. industry, science and technology. NIST work involves development

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U.S. productivity, product quality and reliability, innovation and imderlying science and engineering. The Institute's technical work is performed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, the National Computer Systems Laboratory, and the Institute for Materials Science and Engineering.

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'Headquaiten and Laboratoria at Oaithenburg, MD, unlen otherwise noted; mafling addres

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^Soffie (SvUoDi within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303.

* Located at Boulder, CO, with aome elementi at Oaithenburg, MD.
Optimum Location of Flow Conditioners

in a 4 - Inch Orifice Meter

S.E. McFaddin

C.S. Slndt

JA Brennan

Chemical Engineering Science Division

Center for Chemical Engineering

National Engineering Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Boulder, Colorado 80303-3328

* X

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Robert A. Mosbacher, Secretary

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY, Raymond G. Kammer, Acting Director

Issued July 1989
National institute of Standards and Technology Technical Note1330

Natl. Inst. Stand. TechnoL, Tech Note 1330, 82 pages (Jul. 1989)

CODEN:NTNOEF

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

V^ASHiNGTON: 1989

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office. Wasliington, D.C. 20402-9325
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv

LIST OF TABLES v

LIST OF FIGURES vi

ABSTRACT 1

LITERATURE REVIEW 1

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM 2

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 4

VELOCITY PROFILE 7

CONCLUSIONS 7

RECOMMENDATIONS 8

REFERENCES 10

APPENDIX A

Flow Conditioner Measurements and Illustrations 45

List of Tables 46

List of Figures 46

APPENDIX B Measured and Calculated Quantities in SI Units

for the Flow Conditioner Location Study 49

List of Tables ._ 50

111
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The research reported here was funded by the Gas Research Institute under GRI Contract

Number 5088-271-1680. The technical guidance and support of Kiran Kothari, GRI Project

Manager, has enhanced the quality of this program and is gratefully acknowledged. Many gas

measurement engineers have contributed equipment and a wealth of knowledge from their

experience which has been invaluable in making this program of practical use to industry.

The hard work of Rob Wilson is also gratefully acknowledged. The support of Nick Sanchez and

Cyndi Brunner 5n preparing the illustrations and the manuscript is appreciatively recognized.

IV
LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1. Flow conditioners and installations tested 3

Table 2. Codes for flow conditioner and installation 4

Table 3. Percent difference in discharge coefficient between the baseline data 5 and the 7 diameter location data for the in-line tube bundle and the

in-line Sprenkle at a pipe Reynolds number of 10^
LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1. Configurations of gas flow test section for flow conditioner location 11 tests

.

Figure 2. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in 20

configurations 1 and 2, 58 diameters from the elbow to the orifice

plate and 47 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the orifice

plate

.

Figure 3. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 20

configurations 1 and 2, 57 diameters from the elbow to the orifice

plate and 47 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the orifice

plate

.

Figure 4. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 21

configurations 1 and 2, 57 diameters from the elbow to the orifice

plate and 47 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the orifice

plate

.

Figure 5. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 21

configurations 1 and 2, 58 diameters from the elbow to the orifice

plate and 47 niameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the orifice

plate.

Figure 6. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in 22

configuration 3, 7 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 10 diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube

bundle

.

Figure 7. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 22

configurations 3 and 4, 7 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 10 or 48 diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube

bundle

.

Figure 8. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 23

configuration 3, 7 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 10 diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube

bundle

.

Figure 9. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 23

configurations 3 and 4 7 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 10 or 48 diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube

bundle

.

Figure 10. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in 24

configuration '5, 7 diameters from an in-line Sprenkle to the orifice

plate and 10 diameters from the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle.

Figure 11. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 24

configurations 5 and 6, 7 diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the

orifice place and 10 or 48 diameters from the elbow to the in-line

Sprenkle.

Figure 12. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 25

configuration 5, 7 diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice

plate and 10 diameters from the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle.

Figure 13. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 25

configurations 5 and 6, 7 diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the

orifice plate and 10 or 48 diameters from the elbow to the in-line

Sprenkle

.

VI
Figure 14. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in 26

configuration 7, 9 diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 47 diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube

bundle

.

Figure 15. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 26

configuration 7, 9 diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 47 diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube

bundle

.

Figure 16. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 27

configuration 7, 9 diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 47 diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube

bundle

.

Figure 17. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 27

configuration 7, 9 diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 47 diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube

bundle

.

Figure 18. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in 28

configuration 8, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 44 diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube

bundle

.

Figure 19. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 28

configuration 8, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 44 diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube

bundle.

Figure 20, Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 29

configuration 8, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 44 diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube

bundle

.

Figure 21. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 29

configuration 8, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 44 diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube

bundle

.

Figure 22. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 30

configuration 9, 11.5 diameters from the flanged Sprenkle to the

orifice plate and 45 diameters from the elbow to the flanged Sprenkle.

Figure 23. Discharge coefficient of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 30

configuration 9, 11.5 diameters from the flanged Sprenkle to the

orifice plate and 45 diameters from the elbow to the flanged Sprenkle.

Figure 24. Discharge coefficient of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in 31 configuration 10, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube bundle installed

in a 2 diameter spool piece and 34.5 diameters between the oversized

Sprenkle and the in-line tube bundle.

Figure 25. Discharge coefficient of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 31 configuration 10, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube bundle installed

in a 2 diameter spool piece and 34.5 diameters between the oversized

Sprenkle and the in-line tube bundle.

Figure 26. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 32 configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube bundle (hexagon

pattern) to the orifice plate and 32.5 diameters from the elbow to the

flanged tube bundle (hexagon pattern)

.

Figure 27. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 3.^ configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube bundle (.hexagon

pattern) to the orifice plate and 32.5 diameters from the elbow to the

flanged tube bundle (hexagon pattern)

.
Figure 28. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 33

configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 32.5 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the inline tube bundle.

Figure 29. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 33

configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 32.5 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the inline tube bundle.

Figure 30. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 34

configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 32.5 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the inline tube bundle.

Figure 31. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in 34

configurations 13 and 14, 17 diameters from an in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate.

Figure 32. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 35

configurations 13 and 14, 17 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate.

Figure 33. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 35

configurations 13 and 14, 17 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate.

Figure 34. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 36

configurations 13 and 14, 17 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate.

Figure 35. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in 36

configuration 15, 27 diameters from an in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 17 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the inline tube bundle.

Figure 36. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter in 37

configuration 16, 27 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 28 diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube

bundle

.

Figure 37. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter in 37

configuration 15, 27 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 17 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the inline tube bundle.

Figure 38. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in 38

configuration 16, 27 diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate and 28 diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube

bundle

.

Figure 39. Percent change in the discharge coefficient as a function of the axial 38 distance for the 0.43 beta ratio plate (Reo=l . 3x10^ )

.

Figure 40. Percent change in the discharge coefficient as a function of the axial 39

distance for the 0.55 beta ratio plate (Re|j=l . 5x10^ ) .

Figure 41. Percent change in the discharge coefficient as a function of the axial 39 distance for the 0.67 beta ratio plate (Rep=l . 5x10^ )

.

Figure 42. Percent change in the discharge coefficient as a function of the axial 40

distance for the 0.73 beta ratio plate (Rep=l . 6x10^ )

.

Figure 43. Percent change in the discharge coefficient from ANSI/API 2530 as a 40

function of the axial distance for the 0.43 beta ratio plate (Rep=10^).

viii
Figure 44. Percent change in the discharge coefficient from ANSI/API 2530 as a 41

function of the axial distance for the 0.55 beta ratio plate (Re[)=10^)

Figure 45. Percent change in the discharge coefficient from ANSI/API 2530 as a 41

function of the axial distance for the 0.67 beta ratio plate (ReQ=10^)

Figure 46. Percent change in the discharge coefficient from ANSI/API 2530 as a 42

function of the axial distance for the 0.73 beta ratio plate (Rep=10^)

Figure 47. Normalized velocity profile 7 pipe diameters downstream of an in-line 42

tube bundle flow conditioner. Dashed line represents the fully

developed turbulent velocity profile calculated from equation 1.

Figure 48. Normalized velocity profile 11.5 pipe diameters downstream of a flanged 43

tube bundle flow conditioner. Dashed line represents the fully

developed turbulent velocity profile calculated from equation 1.

Figure 49. Normalized velocity profile 27 pipe diameters downstream of an in-line 43

tube bundle flow conditioner. Dashed line represents the fully

developed turbulent velocity profile calculated from equation 1.

Figure 50. Normalized velocity profile 47 pipe diameters downstream of an 44

oversized Sprenkle flow conditioner. Dashed line represents the fully

developed turbulent velocity profile calculated from equation 1.

IX
Optimum Location of Flow Conditioners

in a 4-Inch Orifice Meter

S.E. McFaddin, C.F. Sindt and J. A. Brennan

itionai Institute of Standards and Technology

Center for Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering Science Division

Boulder, Colorado
Optimum Location of Flow Conditioners

in a 4-Inch Orifice Meter

S.E. McFaddin, C.F. Sindt and J. A. Brennan

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Center for Chemical Engineering

Chemical Engineering Science Division

Boulder, Colorado

ABSTRACT

Standards are a framework for ensuring comparable, accurate, and repeatable

results. Two orifice flow measurement standards are presently used, one in the

United States (ANSI/API 2530[1]) and another in Europe (ISO 5167[2]). These two

standards have significantly different specifications for installations. One

important specification is the location of the flow conditioner relative to the

orifice plate. Several recent European research reports [3,4] have shown that

location specifications for flow conditioners in the standards are inadequate.

Several different designs of flow conditioners were tested by these laboratories,

but these designs are not commonly used in the United States.

As a result of the European findings, the National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST) began a similar research program to determine the effect of the

location of the flow conditioner using flow conditioners commonly used by the U.S

natural gas industry. This research was sponsored by the Gas Research Institute (GRI)

.

In this program, a 4- inch stainless steel orifice meter with an upstream surface finish

of 0.7 fim (30 Min) was tested in nitrogen gas. Four orifice plates with beta ratios

ranging from 0.43 to 0.73 were tested at pipe Reynolds numbers on the order of 10^.

Several types of tube bundle and Sprenkle flow conditioners were tested at five

distances upstream of the orifice plate.

This research has shown that when an in-line flow conditioner is located 7 diameters from the orifice plate (the minimum distance specified in ANSI/API

2530[1) for a 0.75 beta ratio plate) the measured discharge coefficient can be as much as 1 percent less than that calculated by ANSI/API 2530[1]. There was no shift in the discharge coefficient for any beta ratio when the in-line tube bundle

was located 17 pipe diameters from the orifice plate. The distance between a single elbow and the tube bundle flow conditioner was also found to be

insignificant when the conditioner was 17 diameters upstream of the orifice plate.

Key words: discharge coefficient; experimental; flow conditioners; flow

measurement; gas; orifice meter; velocity profile

LITERATURE REVIEW

In 1952, Clark[5] published a paper of practical recommendations for the measurement of

flow with orifice meters. He cited research that was performed in 1931 and showed that flow

conditioners attenuate swirl, but cause their own flow disturbances. The use of flow

conditioners was not encouraged, since 5 to 20 pipe diameters would be required between the

flow conditioner and the orifice plate, depending on the beta ratio.

Kinghorn[6] extensively reviewed the literature on the effect of flow disturbances on orifice flow measurement and on the use of flow conditioners, including the etoile, Sprenkle,

Zanker, and tube bundle. Sprenkle 's paper [7] combined the installation recommendations of

the Joint A.G.A.-ASME Committee of Orifice Coefficients and other research up to 1945. He

made recommendations for the lengths upstream and downstream of common installations with and

without flow conditioners installed. Sprenkle recommended an egg-crate type of flow

conditioner.

The most recent studies on the location of flow conditioners relative to orifice plates

were published by Smith[3] and by Humphrey and Hobbs[4]. Smith's paper summarizes an extensive research program at three European laboratories (Gasunie, National Engineering

Laboratory (U.K.), and Delft Hydraulic Laboratory) to determine the optimum location of a Sprenkle, Zanker, and several types of tube bundles in a 100 mm and a 250 mm orifice meter.

Smith concluded that 7 diameters of straight pipe were sufficient downstream of a Sprenkle or Zanker flow conditioner in a 250 mm pipe for beta ratios less than 0.57. For beta ratios

1
greater than 0.57 in a 250 nun pipe and beta ratios less than 0.57 in a 100 mm pipe, the

Sprenkle and Zanker conditioners would require 25-30 diameters. The optimum location for the

tube bundle flow conditioner for both line sizes was found to be between 10 and 15 diameters,

or greater than 40 diameters.

Humphrey and Hobbs[4] tested the following five types of flow conditioners in water in a 200 mm orifice meter with a 0.8 beta ratio plate: Zanker, Mitsubishi, etoile, Air Moving and

Conditioning Association CAMCA) , and a tube bundle^ . Each flow conditioner was tested in

three types of flow: swirling, asymmetric, and fully developed turbulent flow. Humphrey and

Hobbs concluded that all of the flow conditioners except the tube bundle dissipated the flow

disturbance to less than 1 percent when the flow conditioners were located 10 diameters from

the orifice plate and 2 diameters from the disturbance. The tube bundle had 130 tubes 12 mm

(1/2 in) in diameter and had a length of 2 pipe diameters. The typical tube bundle used in

the U.S. has 19 tubes and a length of 2-1/2 pipe diameters. The velocity profile was very

flat and resulted in errors in the discharge coefficient as large as 10 percent.

The results of Smith's[3] and Humphrey and Hobbs' [4] research prompted GRI and NIST to begin a research program on flow conditioner location effects emphasizing common U.S. flow

measurement practice. Sindt, et al.[8] presented preliminary results from this research

program in 1986. This report is a complete compilation and analysis of NIST research on location of flow conditioners in non-swirling flow conditions. Recommendations for improving

the flow measurement standards are also made.

EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

The mass flow reference facility [9,10] at NIST in Boulder, Colorado was used to test the

flow conditioners in a 4- inch stainless steel orifice meter. The orifice meter had flange

taps, and the differential pressure was measured with pressure transducers. The upstream

section of the orifice meter had a surface finish (Rg ) of 0.7 /im (30 A'iri) ^nd a length of

11.5 pipe diameters. The surface finish was prepared by honing the meter; this resulted in a consistent circular pattern. The operating conditions in the gas test section were nominally

4.1 MPa (600 psia) and 289 K (GOT).

A tube bundle and a Sprenkle flow conditioner were tested at specific locations upstream

of the orifice plate. Appendix A lists the specifications of the flow conditioners. At some locations, an in-line type of flow conditioner was installed and at other locations, a flanged type flow conditioner was installed.

The following three types of tube bundles were tested:

1) In-line with a round pattern;

2) Flanged with a round pattern;

3) Flanged with a hexagon pattern.

Both an in-line and a flanged Sprenkle flow conditioner were tested. Table 1 lists the

different configurations tested for each flow conditioner. Drawings of the installations are given in figure 1. A maximum of four beta ratios were tested in each installation. The

tests were usually repeated on different days using a statistically designed test plan to assure confidence in the data.

^ Names oi flow conditioners are given to identify and distinguish between

designs. No endorsement of the company or the design is implied by NIST or the

U.S. Government.
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The coding in the legend of the following plots specifies the number of

pipe diameters between the flow conditioner under test and the orifice plate,

and then specifies the number of pipe diameters between the elbow or the

upstream flow conditioner. Table 2 gives a brief description of the codes.

Table 2. Codes for Flow Conditioner and Installation

OS - Oversized Sprenkie

IS - In-line Sprenkie

IT - In-line tube bundle

FT - Flanged tube bundle (round pattern)

FHT - Flanged tube bundle (hexagon pattern)

E - Elbow

Configurations with no flow conditioner at the elbow are coded in the

figures as 'E xx D' where 'xx' is the number of pipe diameters from the elbow

to either the orifice plate or the flow conditioner under test. For example,

if the code is 'IT 7 D, E 10 D' , then the in-line tube bundle is located 7 diameters upstream of the orifice plate and 10 diameters downstream of the

elbow. The oversized Sprenkie was a nominal 6- inch diameter unit with a 6 to 4- inch reducer immediately downstream of the Sprenkie flow conditioner. The

number of pipe diameters from the Sprenkie conditioner was determined by

measurement from the 4- inch end of the reducer, since the reducer was considered to be part of the flow conditioner assembly. The oversized flow

conditioner was never used as a test element but was used only to remove any

flow disturbances caused by the elbow.

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

All of the experimental tests were performed in a 4- inch orifice meter

with gaseous nitrogen as the test fluid at a pipe Reynolds number ranging from

3X10^ to 1.7X10^. The surface finish (Ra) of the upstream meter tube was 0.75

^m (30 /iin) . The following results are based on these operating conditions.

The quantity, CY2 , was calculated using measurements of mass, time, static

pressure, temperature, differential pressure, and the dimensions of the orifice

meter and plate. The discharge coefficient, C, was then calculated from this

quantity using the equation for the expansion factor (Y2 ) from ANSI/API

2530[1]. Differences in the discharge coefficient are considered to be

statistically significant only if the differences are greater than 2 standard

deviations (95 percent confidence limits)

The first set of tests were to determine whether there was a significant

difference between the discharge coefficients for: (a) an orifice meter

installed with an oversized Sprenkie located 47 pipe diameters upstream of the

orifice plate (configuration 1) and (b) an orifice meter installed with 58 pipe

diameters of straight pipe between the elbow and the orifice plate

(configuration 2). Both configurations produced a fully developed turbulent

profile. The data with the oversized Sprenkie located at 47 pipe diameters

upstream of the orifice plate is used as the baseline for comparison of all the

tests. Figures 2 through 5 show the comparison between the data on configurations 1 and 2. For all four beta ratios, no statistical difference

between the two configurations was found.

The next two configurations involved testing the in-line tube bundle 7 pipe diameters upstream of the orifice plate. In the first test, there were 10

pipe diameters between the elbow and the in-line tube bundle (configuration 3)

and for the second test there were 48 pipe diameters (configuration 4) . The

data from these tests are plotted in figures 6 through 9.^ There was no significant difference between the two data sets; this suggests that

installing 10 pipe diameters between the elbow and the flow conditioner has the same effect as installing 48 diameters. However, there was a significant

difference becween the baseline daca and the data at 7 pipe diameters.

^ Four data points in figure 6 and three data points in figure 9 are suspected to be outliers and were left off the plots. These points are included in the tables in appendix B.
Identical tests were conducted using an in-line Sprenkle flow conditioner

(configurations 5 and 6). The results are shown in figures 10 through 13. The

change in the discharge coefficient is in the same direction, but of a larger

magnitude than with the tube bundle. Again there is no difference in the

discharge coefficient between the data with 10 and with 48 pipe diameters

between the elbow and the flow conditioner. Table 3 lists the percent

difference between the linear least squares curve fit of the baseline data and

the 7 pipe diameter location data on the in-line tube bundle and in-line

Sprenkle at a pipe Reynolds number of 10^

Table 3. Percent difference in discharge coefficient between

the baseline data and data at the 7 diameter

location for the in-line tube bundle and the in-line

Sprenkle at a pipe Reynolds number of 10^ .

Beta Ratio % Difference = x 100

(C - Cb aseline'

% Difference = X

Cb a s e 1 i n e Tube Bundle Sprenkle

-0.4 -0.4

-0.6 -0.8

-0.9 -1.1

-1.3 -1.8

0.43

0.55

0.67

0.73

The next location tested was with a flanged tube bundle 9 pipe diameters

from the orifice plate. There was a distance of 47 pipe diameters between the

elbow and the flanged tube bundle (configuration 7) . The data for this

location for all four beta ratios are shown in figures 14 through 17. These

data are lower than the baseline data except for the 0.67 beta ratio plate.

The flanged tube bundle was then inverted and installed in the approach

section with the flange at the downstream end. The distance from the plate to the tube bundle was 11.5 pipe diameters. There was a distance of 44 pipe

diameters between the elbow and the flanged tube bundle (configuration 8)

Data for this configuration are plotted in figures 18 through 21. For all beta

ratios, the data for the flanged tube bundle at 11.5 diameters was the same as the baseline data.

The flanged Sprenkle conditioner was installed at the same location as shown in configuration 9. Two beta ratios were tested and both showed

significant differences in the discharge coefficient. The 0.55 and 0.73 beta

ratio plates had an average difference of -0.8 and -1.6 percent, respectively.

Figures 22 and 23 are plots of the data.

An oversized Sprenkle was installed upstream of the in-line tube bundle

shown in configuration 10. In order to install the in-line tube bundle at 11.5

diameters, a 2 diameter spool piece was placed between the upstream and

approach sections. The in-line tube bundle was installed in the spool piece

with the end protruding into the approach section. The approach and upstream

sections were usually pinned together. In this arrangement, neither section

was pinned. Two beta ratio plates were tested, 0.43 and 0.73. Data for the

0.43 beta ratio plate showed no difference from the baseline data, whereas the

data for the 0.73 beta ratio plate showed a -1 percent difference (figures 24

and 25)

Since the discharge coefficient for the flanged and in-line tube bundles

was significantly different on the 0.73 beta ratio plate at 11.5 pipe

diameters, additional testing was required. The flanged tube bundle used prior

to this point had a round pattern. A flanged tube bundle with a hexagon

pattern was then tested in configuration 11 to determine whether there was a difference between tube bundle designs. The hexagon patterned tube bundle was tested with the 0.67 and 0.73 beta ratio plates. No significant difference in

the discharge coefficients are seen on the 0.67 beta ratio plate (figure 26),

whereas data for the 0.73 beta ratio lay 0.25 percent below the baseline

(figure 27)
An additionax test was performed to determine whether the difference in

the data with the in-line tube bundle at 11.5 diameters was due to the actual

flow conditioner or to the alignment of the spool pieces which were not

pinned. The in-line tube bundle was installed in the approach section without

the use of the 2 diameter spool piece (configuration 11). The upstream and

approach sections were then pinned as usual. Three beta ratios were tested and

the results are shown in figures 28 through 30. The discharge coefficient for

the 0.73 beta ratio plate was 0.4 percent larger in this configuration than

when the in-line tube bundle was in the spool piece. Therefore, it is surmised

that the alignment of the pipes also had a significant effect on the discharge

coefficient at the 11.5 diameter location. The discharge coefficient was lower

than the baseline for all beta ratios and was an average of 0.3 percent below

the baseline data for the 0.55 and 0.67 beta ratio plates.

The in-line tube bundle was also tested at 17 pipe diameters. The

oversized Sprenkle conditioner was installed upstream of the tube bundle flow

conditioner for beta ratios of 0.43 and 0.67 in configuration 12. No flow

conditioner was installed upstream of the tube bundle in configuration 13 and

all the beta ratio plates were tested. The results are shown in figures 31 through 34. There is no significant difference between the baseline data and

these data for all beta ratios. There is also no difference between whether

the oversized Sprenkle or the elbow was upstream of the flow conditioner.

Seventeen diameters is the closest location relative to the orifice plate for

which there was no significant difference for all beta ratios.

The effect of upstream pipe length was tested by installing the tube

bundle at the elbow and maintaining the length between the tube bundle and the

orifice plate (configuration 14). These results are also shown in figures 31 to 34. The data clearly show no difference between configurations 12, 13 and

14 for all beta ratios.

The in-line tube bundle was also tested at 27 pipe diameters. The 0.43

and 0.67 beta ratio plates were tested in configuration 15, and the 0.55 and

0.73 beta ratio plates were tested in configuration 16. The 0.43 and 0.55 beta

ratio data did not differ significantly from the baseline data, but the 0.67

and 0.73 beta ratio plates differed by 0.4 to 0.5 percent. In this case, the

effect was to increase rather than decrease the discharge coefficient. This is

the first location where the discharge coefficient was increased. The results

are shown in figures 35 through 38.

The discharge coefficient and the pipe Reynolds number data at each

location downstream of the in-line tube bundle were fit for each beta ratio.

The percent change in discharge coefficient was evaluated from the fit at the

Reynolds number shown in figures 39 through 42. The error bars represent the

95 percent confidence interval of the mean. Smith's[3] data are also plotted.

A negative percent change indicates that the actual discharge coefficient is

lower than the baseline coefficient. These plots clearly show a significant

change in the discharge coefficient when the in-line tube bundle is located at

7 pipe diameters from the orifice plate. The optimum location for all beta

ratios at these operating conditions is at 17 pipe diameters.

Figures 43 through 46 show the same information expressed as the percent

difference between the experimentally determined discharge coefficient and the

coefficient calculated from ANSI/API 2530[1] at a pipe Reynolds number of 10^.

Again, a negative percent change means that the measured discharge coefficient

is lower than the calculated coefficient.

For the 0.43 beta ratio plate, figure 43, there is a 0.3 percent change at

7 diameters, which is within 2 standard deviations of the ANSI/API 2530

coefficient. For the 17 and 27 diameter locations, there is a 0.1 percent

change in the discharge coefficient, wnich is less than one standard deviation

and is insignificant.

Tha 0.35 beta ratio plate shows a significant effect at all tested

jocations, where the percent change is three or more standard deviations from

Che value calculated by the standard. At 7 diameters, the discharge
coefficient is 0.8 percent below the predicted value. The data for the 0.67

beta ratio plate also shows a significant difference from the standard at all

tested locations (figure 45). The maximum difference is -1.0 percent at 7 diameters

.

The largest change was determined with the 0.73 beta ratio plate. At 7 diameters the percent change is greater than -1.0 and at 27 diameter the

percent change has increased to +0 . 9 . At 11.5 and 17 diameters, the discharge

coefficient was 0.3 percent below the predicted value. These experimental

measurements have confirmed that the location of the flow conditioner relative

to that of the plate is a critical parameter.

VELOCITY PROFILE

Velocity profiles were measured at four locations downstream of two tube

bundle flow conditioners and the oversized Sprenkle conditioner. Traverses

were made through the pressure tap holes on the orifice meter with a directional pitot tube. The orifice meter had 12 mm (1/2 in) tap holes on each

side of the pipe. A plate with a beta ratio of 1.0 was installed in the

orifice meter. Measurements were made in the horizontal plane. An in-line

tube bundle was located at 7 and 27 pipe diameters, a flanged tube bundle was located at 11.5 diameters, and an oversized Sprenkle conditioner was located at

47 diameters upstream of the measurement point. Both tube bundles had a round

pattern. Figures 47 through 50 are plots of the measured velocity profiles at

a Reynolds number 1.1x10^. The dashed line represents the fully developed

turbulent velocity profile calculated from equation 1 from Schlichting[ 11 ]

.

^= C u

1/n

(1)

where

u = point velocity

u - mean velocity

C = constant = 1.177

Y = radial distance

R = radius of the pipe

n = 8.8 at Reynolds number = 1.1x10^.

All data points were taken in a random order and measurements were repeated at several radial locations. The velocity profile was changed by the

tube bundle flow conditioner and developed to a fully developed turbulent

profile as the tube bundle was moved away from the measurement point.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this research for a 4- inch orifice meter confirm that the

discharge coefficient depends upon the location of the flow conditioner. The

test results show that the current specifications for the location of a tube

bundle flow conditioner are not adequate for a 4- inch meter.

The most significant conclusions from this flow conditioner location

study are:

(1) At 7 pipe diameters, the discharge coefficient was significantly

lower than both the baseline data and the predicted value from

ANSI/API 2530 for all beta ratios.

(2) The error in the discharge coefficient increased with increasing

beta ratio.

(3) The type of tube bundle (hexagon, flanged, in-line) installed at

11.5 diameters affected the discharge coefficient differently for

the largest beta ratio plate.

(4) At 11.5 diameters, a significant difference was found between

configurations 10 and 11.
(5) Data for the flanged tube bundle at 11.5 pipe diameters were statistically the same as the baseline data for all beta ratios

(with a distance of 44 diameters installed between the elbow and

the flanged tube bundle)

.

(6) Data for the in-line tube bundle at 17 pipe diameters were statistically the same as the baseline data for all beta ratios.

(7) There was no difference between installing the in-line tube bundle

at the elbow or 37 diameters downstream of the elbow when there were 17 diameters between the in-line tube bundle and the orifice

plate.

(8) There was no significant difference in the orifice discharge

coefficient between an installation with no flow conditioner and

58 diameters between the elbow and the orifice plate, and an installation with an oversized Sprenkle flow conditioner at the

elbow and 47 diameters upstream of the orifice plate.

(9) When the Sprenkle or tube bundle conditioners were located 7 diameters upstream of the orifice plate, there was no difference

between installing the flow conditioner 10 or 48 pipe diameters

away from the elbow.

(10) Only for a beta ratio of 0.73 was where a difference found

between the round and the hexagon-pattern flanged tube bundles.

(11) The Sprenkit: flow conditioner had a significant effect on the

orifice discharge coefficient when located at 11.5 pipe diameters

or closer. No other locations were tested.

(12) Locating the tube bundle at 27 pipe diameters upstream of the

orifice plate made the orifice discharge coefficient as much as 0.5 percent higher than the baseline for plates with beta ratios

of 0.67 and 0.73.

Humphrey and Hobbs'[4] data on the effect of a tube bundle flow

conditioner showed as much as 10 percent error in the discharge coefficient.

This effect may be attributable to the different designs of tube bundles. The

ANSI/API standard[l] specifies only the maximum tube diameter (1/4 the

diameter of the pipe) without specifying a minimum diameter. Humphrey and

Hobbs' 200 mm (8 in) tube bundle with 130 12 mm (1/2 in) tubes and the 4- inch

tube bundle tested in this study with 19 12 mm (1/2 in) tubes both lie within

the specifications of ANSI/API 2530[1]. Intuitively, the 130 tubes would

produce a far different velocity profile than would 19 tubes. Also, according

to ANSI/API 2530[1], Humphrey and Hobbs' tube bundle would need to have been

only 125 mm (5 in) long.

Smith[3] recommended that the tube bundle be located between 10 and 15

pipe diameters or more than 40 pipe diameters upstream of the orifice plate.

He also suggested that the Sprenkle conditioner should be located between 25

and 30 pipe diameters from the orifice plate. The conclusion based on the tube

bundle agrees well with the results of this NIST/GRI research program.

RECOMMENDATIONS

All work reported here was performed in a 4- inch meter with an upstream

surface finish (R^, ) 0.76 nm (30 /iin) . For this type of orifice meter, the

length requirement in the standards between the flow conditioner and the

orifice plate need to be increased. For the conditions tested, a distance of

17 diameters was the optimum location for all beta ratios The effect of the

flow conditioner was mitigated at this location. The distance between a single

elbow and the flow conditioner can be eliminated. Therefore, the overall

length can be maintained at 17 diameters (plus the flow conditioner) with the

flow conditioner repositioned.
The specification on the design of the tube bundle in ANSI/API 2530 needs

to be revised and upgraded so that flow conditioners will all produce

relatively the same velocity profile. An additional constraint is necessary on

either the tube diameter or the number of tubes.

Further research is needed to determine the interdependence of meter

size, surface finish, and flow conditioner location. The effect of different

specifications for manufacturing tube bundles including the number, length,

and surface finish of the tubes should also be determined. Methods of

installing and positioning in-line flow conditioners also need to be evaluated.
REFEREHCES

1. American National Standards Institute, Orifice Metering of Natural Gas and

Other Related Hydrocarbon Fluids, A.G.A. Report #3 -- ANSI/API 2530, 2nd

Edition, American Gas Association, 1515 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22209

(1985).

2. International Organization for Standardization, Measurement of Fluid Flow

by Means of Orifice Plates, Nozzles, and Venturi Tubes Inserted in

Circular Pipes Running Full, ISO 5167-1980 (E) (1980).

3. Smith, D.J.M., The effects of flow straighteners on orifice plates in good

flow conditions. International Conference on Flow Measurement in the Mid

80' s, June 9-12, 1986, National Engineering Laboratory, East Kilbride,

Glasgow.

4. Humphrey, J.S. and J.M. Hobbs

,

An Investigation of the Effectiveness of

Flow Conditioners, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Fluid

Flow Measurement, American Gas Association, Washington, D.C., November 16-

19, 1986.

5. Clark, W.J., Fluid Flow Through Square-Edged Orifice Plates: Some

Practical Aspects, Transactions of the Society of Instrument Technology,

Vol. 4, No. 4 (Dec. 1952).

6. Kinghorn, F.C., Flow Measurement in Swirling or Asymmetric Flow - A

Review, Proceedings of FLOWCON 77, Application of flow measuring

techniques, Brighton, Sussex, pp 45-74 (26-28 Apr. 1977).

7. Sprenkle , R.E., Piping Arrangements for Acceptable Flowmeter Accuracy,

Transactions of the A.S.M.E., pp 345-360 (Jul. 1945).

8. Sindt, C.F., J. A. Brennan, and S.E. McFaddin, NBS Research on the Effects

of Pipe Roughness and Flow Conditioners on the Orifice Discharge

Coefficients, Proceedings of the American Gas Association Distribution/

Transmission Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada (May 4-6, 1987).

9. S.E. McFaddin, J. A. Brennan and C.F. Sindt, NBS-Boulder Gas Flow Facility

Performance, Proceedings of the American Gas Association Distribution/

Transmission Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp 492-495 (May 16-18,

1988).

10. S.E. McFaddin, J. A. Brennan and C.F. Sindt, The Precision and Accuracy of

Mass Flow Measurement in the NIST-Boulder Nitrogen Flow Facility,

Proceedings of the International Conference on Mass Flow Measurement:

Direct and Indirect, London, England (February 21-22, 1989).

11. Schlichting, H. , Boundary Layer Theory, 7th Edition, McGraw-Hill Book

Company, NY, NY (1979).

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orifice plate and 47 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle

to the orifice plate.

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Sprenkle to the orifice plate.

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Configurations 1 and 2, 58 diameters from the elbow to the

orifice plate and 47 diameters from the oversized Sprenkle

to the orifice plate.

21
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in Configurations 3 and 4, 7 diameters from the in-line

tube bundle to the orifice plate and 10 or 48 diameters

from the elbow to the in-line tube bundle.

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in-line Sprenkle.

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in Configurations 5 and 6, 7 diameters from the in-line

Sprenkle to the orifice plate and 10 or 48 diameters from

,the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle.

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bundle to the orifice plate and 47 diameters from the elbow

to the flanged tube bundle.

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in Configurations 7, 9 diameters from the flanged tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 47 diameters from the elbow

to the flanged tube bundle.

26
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0.61 -

0.60

n no

- 1%

1

« ^ J^,2&

0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1.000,000

2.0

Figure 17. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter

In Configurations 7, 9 diameters from the flanged tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 47 diameters from the elbow

to the flanged tube bundle.

27
Q

0)o

oo

(U

o

0.63

0.62

0.61

0.60

0.59

A FT 11.5 D. E 44 D

Baseline dato

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 18. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 8, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 44 diameters from the elbow

to the flanged tube bundle

.

Q

0)ou

(U

i-,

s:o

0.63

0.62

0.61

0.60

0.59

FT 11.5 D. £ 44 D

Baseline data

1%

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 19. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 8, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 44 diameters from the elbow

to the flanged tube bundle.

28
Qo

0)o

Of)

cdo

m

u.oo 1 A FT ll.S D. E 44 D

- Baseline data

0.62 -

0.61 -

^ -^ —A- 0.60

1%

1

A

1 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 20. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 8, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 44 diameters from the elbow

to the flanged tube bundle

.

Q

0)ou

(U

CO

CJ

0.63

0.62 -

0.61 -

0.60 -

0.59

A FT 11.5 D. E 44 D

Baseline data

-

&

- 1% A

1

1 0.5 i.O 1.5 2.0 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

Figure 21. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 8, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 44 diameters from the elbow

to the flanged tube bundle

.

29
Qu

0)o

dJD

o

w

• -( Q

U.DO

•D- FS 11.5 D. E 45 D

Bttsellno data

0.62 -

0.61 -

0.60 Q-i a°

D°'

1

---_,

n c^Q

1%

1

%• D

1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 22. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 9, 11.5 diameters from the flanged

Sprenkle to the orifice plate and 45 diameters from the

elbow to the flanged Sprenkle.

Q

0.63

0.62 -

O

u

D

ClO U

cd xio

0.61 -

0.60

0.59

a- rs 11.5 D, E 45 D

Bttsellno data

1%

J

g. ^ "b ilD

1 1 ^

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000.000

Figure 23. Discharge coefficient of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in

Configuration 9, 11.5 diameters from the flanged Sprenkle

to the orifice plate and 45 diameters from the elbow to the

flanged Sprenkle.

30
Q

0)O

o

o

CO

0.63 IT 11.5 D. OS 34.5 D

- Baseline data

0.62 -

0.61 -

0.60 - n

00 1%

s

^0^

n en

J

1

1 1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

Figure 24. Discharge coefficient of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter in

Configuration 10, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube

bundle installed in a 2 diameter spool piece and 34.5

diameters between the oversized Sprenkle and the in-line

tube bundle

Q

•i-H O

0)o

CJ

(U

(do

w

u.oo

o- IT U.5 D. OS 34.5 D

Baseline data

0.62 -

0.61 -

0.60 -—

rv c.n

- 1% ^

1 r 81 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 25. Discharge coefficient of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter in

Configuration 10, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube

bundle installed in a 2 diameter spool piece and 34.5

diameters between the oversized Sprenkle and the in-line

tube bundle

31
Qu

c

u

(Uo

CJ

(U

tao ti

(d X!o

w•i-H Q

U.DO

FTH 11.5 D. OS 32.5 D

BaaellJia data

0.62 -

0.61 -

0.60

1%

1 1 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 26. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube

bundle (hexagon pattern) to the orifice plate and 32.5

diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle

(hexagon pattern)

.

QO

C

o

O

u

0)u

cdo

0.63

0.62

0.61

0.60

0.59

FTH 11.5 D. OS 32.5 D BasoUne data

1%

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Pipe Reynolds Number/1.000.000

Figure 27. Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 11. 11.5 diameters from the flanged tube

bundle (hexagon pattern) to the orifice plate and 32.5

diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle

32
0.63

Qu

"5 0.62

O

o

0.61

0.60

0.59

IT 11.5 D, OS 32.5 D

- Baseline data

-

<& 0<J 1% 4

0^

J

1 1

1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 28. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 32.5 diameters from the

oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle.

Q

O

CJ

0)

o

0.63

0.62

0.61

0.60

0.59

IT 11.5 D. OS 32.5 D

Baseline data

1%

0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 29. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 32.5 diameters from the

oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle.

33
Q

O

o

S-,

CJ

• (—

Q

0.63

O.G'd

0.61

0.60

0.59

1%

O n 11.5 D. OS 32.5 D

Baaeline data

0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 30. Discharge cottf j cients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 11, 11.5 diameters from the in-line tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 32.5 diameters from the

oversized Sprenkie to the in-line tube bundle.

0.63 Q

"5 0.62 -

ou

u

63oQ

D 61

O.GO

0.59

IT 17 D. E 37 D + IT 17 D O E

BaaeliiiB data

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

Figure 31. Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 13 and 14, 17 diameters from an inline tube bundle to the orifice plate.

34
QO

ou

0)

tao

o

U.DO

IT 17 D. E 38 D + IT 17 D a E

Baseline data

0.62 -

0.61 -

0.60 - 1%

-^0

8

n c;o 1 1 1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

Figure 32. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 13 and 14, 17 diameters from the in-line

tube bundle to the orifice plate.

aU

0.63

0.62

ou

<u

o

w

0.61

0.60

0.59

IT 17 D. E 37 D

IT 17 D a £

Baseline data

1%

0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 33. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 13 and 14, 17 diameters from the inline tube bundle to the orifice plate.

35
0.63

aO

g 0.62 -

ou

u

COo

C/5

0.61

0.60

0.59

IT 17 D, E 38 D

IT 17 D « E

Baseline dala

1%

0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 34

.

Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 13 and 14, 17 diameters from the in-line

tube bundle to the orifice plate.

a

C

(U

ou

(30

u

CO

Figure 35.

U.DO

rr 27 D. OS IB D

BoaeUoe data

0.62 -

0.61 ~V 0~ 0.60

n KG

1%

1 1 1 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000.000

2.0

Discharge coefficients of a 0.43 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 14, 27 diameters from an in-line tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 17 diameters from the

oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle.

36
a

o

0)ou

lU00

ed XIo

0.63

0.62

0.61 -

0.60 -

0.59

IT 27 D. E 2(1 D

Baaallne data

1%

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1,000,000

2.0

Figure 36. Discharge coefficients of a 0.55 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 15, 27 (iiameters from the in-line tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 28 diameters from the elbow

to the in-line tube bundle.

QU

O

CJ

0)

{-.

x:a

U.UvJ

- v- IT 27 D. OS 17 D

- Baseline data

0.62 -

0.61

•&•

-..o

^y

0.60 - "— 1%

0.59 1

1 0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Number/1, 000, 000

2.0

Figure 37. Discharge coefficients of a 0.67 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 14, 27 diameters from the in-line tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 17 diameters from the

oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle.

37
Q

c

•l-l o

02O

u

Vu

(d Xio

CO

U.DO O IT 27 0. r ZS D BsMUna daU

0.62 -

0.61 - J_

0.60

n CO

. 1%

1

1

Figure 38.

0.5 1.0 1.5 Pipe Reynolds Niimber/1,000,000

2.0

Discharge coefficients of a 0.73 beta ratio orifice meter

in Configuration 15, 27 diameters from the in-line tube

bundle to the orifice plate and 28 diameters from the

elbow to the in-line tube bundle.

Q

u

00c

53 u

e

ou

1 .3

1 . Reynolds No. -= 1.3 X 10*

.5

-.5

-

_

cr ~—^^.^^^

I 95% C.I.

-1

.1 =;

-

I

1 _i

O NIST-B

t— .1 1 10 20 30 40

Axial Distance (diameters)

30

Figure 39. Percent change in the discharge coefficient as a function of the axial distance for the 0.43 beta ratio

plate (Reo = 1.3x10^) .

38
1.5

Q

u

0)00

C! u

c

o

t-,

1 -

.5 -

-.5 -

-1

-1.5

- Reynolds No. = 1.5 X 10^

- A

_- o ^ A

^ J^

. y^ I 95% C.I. A Smith

- O NIST-B

1 1 1 J • .1 10 20 30 40

Axial Distance (diameters)

50

Figure 40. Percent change in the discharge coefficient as a function of the axial distance for the 0.55 beta ratio

plate (Rep = 1.5x10^) .

o

c

CO u

c

0)ou

0-

1.5

1 -

-.5

1.5

Reynolds No. = 1.5 x 10*

I 95% C.I. O NIST-B

10 20 30 40

Axial Distance (diameters)

50

Figure 41. Percent change in the discharge coefficient as a function of the axial distance for the 0.67 beta ratio

plate (Rep = 1.5x10^)

.

39
QU

C

u

c

(Uou

.5 -

-1 -

•1.5 -

-2 -

-2.5

Re)molds No. =

I 95% C.I. A Smith

O NIST-B

10 20 2,0 40

Axial Distance (diameters)

50

Figure 42. Percent change in the discharge coefficient as a function of the axial distance for the 0.73 beta ratio

plate (Rep = 1.6x10^)

.

O

CO

in

CM

a,

<: \,

CO

1.5

1 -

.5

-.5 -

OX)

CJ

-1 -

1.5

Reynolds No. = 10°

95% C.I.

J I L. 10 20 30 40

Axial Distance (diameters)

50

Figure 43. Percent change in the discharge coefficient from ANSI/API

2530 as a function of the axial distance for the 0.43

beta ratio plate (Re^ = 10^).

40
,5 -

o

CO

in

CO<

—I

-.5 -

i)

c!5 -1.5

Siu

&^ -2

Reynolds No. = lO'

95% C.I.

10 20 30 40

Axial Distance (diameters)

50

Figure 44. Percent change in the discharge coefficient from ANSI/API

2530 as a function of the axial distance for the 0.55

beta ratio plate (Re^ = 10^).

O

en

C\3

a.

<:

en

(Uc

XIU

6^

.5 -

.5 -

-1 -

1.5 -

Reynolds No. = lO'

95% C.I.

10 20 30 40

Axial Distance (diameters)

50

Figure 45. Percent change in the discharge coefficient from ANSI/API

2530 as a function of the axial distance for the 0.67

beta ratio plate (Re^ = 10^).

41
o

CO

in

I—

H

<

cn

<:

0)C

U

6^

.5 -

-.5 -

1 -

1.5 -

-2

2.5

Reynolds No. = 10*

I 95% C.I.

10 20 30 40

Axial Distance (diameters)

50

Figure 46. Percent change in the discharge coefficient from ANSI/API

2530 as a function of the axial distance for the 0.73

beta ratio plate (Re^ = 10^).

1.25

r^ 1.00 u

o

(U > 0.7b

13

<uN

>—

<

0.50

(0s

u

o

2; 0.25

0.00

O^-'-^S

/

a a a

Re = 1.1 X 10^

%

\

j_ j_ j_

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50

Radial Location

0.75 1.00

Figure 47. Normalized velocity profile 7 pipe diameters downstream

of an in-line tube bundle flow conditioner. Dashed line

represents the fully developed turbulent velocity profile

calculated from equation 1.

42
1.25

0.00

-1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00

Radial Location

Figure 48. Normalized velocity profile 11.5 pipe diameters

downstream of a flanged tube bundle flow conditioner.

Dashed line represents the fully developed turbulent

velocity profile calculated from equation 1.

1.25

>^ 1.00 - o

o> 0.75

TJ

d)N

'^ 0.50

6

u

o^ 0.25

0.00

^ —' t^ AA "s^-- .

./i

'%

Re = 1.1 X 10'

I I ' I _L -1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50

Radial Location

0.75 1.00

Figure 49. Normalized velocity profile 27 pipe diameters downstream

of an in-line tube bundle flow conditioner. Dashed line

represents the fully developed turbulent velocity profile

calculated from equation 1.

43
1.25

^ 1.00

'oo

"^> 0.75

-a

0)N— 0.50 a

u

o^ 0.25

0.00

.

- { Re = 1.1 X 10^

0^,

1

•

1 1 . . 1 1 1 • 1 i -1.00 -0.75 -0.50 -0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50

Radial Location

0.75 1.00

Figure 50. Normalized velocity profile 47 pipe diameters downstream

of an oversized Sprenkle flow conditioner. Dashed line

represents the fully developed turbulent velocity profile

calculated from equation 1

.

44
APPENDIX A

Flow Conditioner Measurements and Illustrations

45
List of Tables

Table A.l. Tube Bundle Flow Conditioner Measurements 47

Table A. 2. Sprenkle Flow Conditioner Measurements 47

List of Figures

Figure A.l. Illustration of flow conditioners. 48

46
Table A.l. Tube Bundle Flow Conditioner Measurements

Flanged In-line

Round Hexagon Round

Pattern Pattern Pattern

Surface finish inside

of tubes (Mni(^in)) 3.9(155) 0.76(30) 0.64(25)

Tube wall thickness

(cm(in)) 0.127(0.050) 0.127(0.050) 0.165(0.065)

Tube inside diameter

(cm(in)) 1.80(0.710) 1.65(0.650) 1.56(0.615)

Maximum diameter of

tubes (cm(in)) 10.109(3.980) 9.589(3.775) 9.779(3.815)

Flanged tube bundle with round pattern had no filling between any of the tubes.

Flanged tube bundle with hexagon pattern had very small holes between tubes.

In-line tube bundle with round pattern had half of the holes filled. The large

holes were open; the small ones are closed.

Table A. 2 Sprenkle Flow Conditioner Measurements

Diameter (cm(in))

Plate thickness (cm(in))

Number of holes

Average hole diameter (cm(Ln))

Distance between plate 1 and 2 (cm(in))

Distance between plate 2 and 3 (cm(in))

Average rod diameter (cm(in))

In-line

Sprenkle

10.145(3.994)

0.970(0.382)

63

0.610(0.240)

8.666(3.412)

8.611(3.390)

1.918(0.755)

Flanged

Sprenkle

10.165(4.002)

0.983(0.387)

63

0.617(0.243)

8.529(3.358)

8.733(3.438)

1.951(0.768)

47
In-line

Tube Bundle

In-line Sprenkle

Flanged Sprenkle

Flanged

Tube Bundle

(Hexagonal)

Figure A.l. Illustration of flow conditioners,

48
APPENDIX B

Measured and Calculated Quantities in SI Units for the

Flow Conditioner Location Study

CONVERSION FACTORS

invert from To

psi MPa

in. of water (60°F) kPa

inch cm

inch nun pin /im °R K

Ib/s kg/s

Multiply By

6.8948 X 10" 0.24884

2.54

25.4

0.0254

0.55556

0.45359

49
List of Tables

Table B.l. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 54

the oversized Sprenkle 47 pipe diameters upstream of the orifice plate

(configuration 1).

Table B.2. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 54

the oversized Sprenkle 47 pipe diameters upstream of the orifice plate

(configuration 1).

Table B.3. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 55

the oversized Sprenkle 47 pipe diameters upstream of the orifice plate

(configuration 1).

Table B.4. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 55

the oversized Sprenkle 47 pipe diameters upstream of the orifice plate

(configuration 1).

Table B.5. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 56

58 pipe diameters of straight pipe upstream of the orifice plate

(configuration 2)

.

Table B.6. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 56

58 pipe diameters of straight pipe upstream of the orifice plate

(configuration 2)

.

Table B.7. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 56

58 pipe diameters of straight pipe upstream of the orifice plate

(configuration 2)

.

Table B.8. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 57

58 pipe diameters of straight pipe upstream of the orifice plate

(configuration 2).

Table B.9. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 57 10 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 3)

.

Table B.IO. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 57

10 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 3)

.

Table B.ll. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 57

10 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 3)

.

Table B.12. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 58

10 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 3)

.

Table B.13. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 58

48 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 4)

.

Table B.14. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 58

48 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 4)

.

50
Table B.15. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 59

10 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice plate

(configuration 5).

Table B.16. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 59

10 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice plate

(configuration 5)

Table B.17. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 59

10 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice plate

(configuration 5).

Table B.18. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 59

10 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice plate

(configuration 5).

Table B.19. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 60

48 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice plate

(configuration 6)

Table B.20. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 60

48 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe

diameters from the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice plate

(configuration 6)

Table B.21. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 60

47 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 9 pipe

diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 7)

Table B.22. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 61

47 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 9 pipe

diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 7)

Table B.23. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 61

47 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 9- pipe

diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 7).

Table B.24. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 61

47 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 9 pipe

diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 7).

Table B.25. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 62

44 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 11.5

pipe diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 8).

Table B.26. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 62

44 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 11.5

pipe diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 8)

Table B.27. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 62

44 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 11.5

pipe diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 8)

51
Table B.28. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 63

44 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 11.5

pipe diameters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 8)

.

Table B.29. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 63

45 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged Sprenkle and 11.5 pipe

diameters from the flanged Sprenkle to the orifice plate

(configuration 9)

.

Table B.30. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate and 63

45 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged Sprenkle and 11.5 pipe

diameters from the flanged Sprenkle to the orifice plate

(configuration 9)

.

Table B.31. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 64

35 pipe diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube

bundle and 11.5 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate. In-line tube bundle installed in 2 diameter spool

piece (configuration 10)

.

Table B.32. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 64

35 pipe diameters from an oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube

bundle and 11.5 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate. In-line tube bundle installed in 2 diameter spool

piece (configuration 10)

.

Table B.33. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 64

32.5 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle (hexagon

pattern) and 11.5 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle (hexagon

pattern) to the orifice plate (configuration 11).

Table B . 34 . Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 64

32.5 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged tube bundle (hexagon

pattern) and 11.5 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle (hexagon

pattern) to the orifice plate (configuration 11).

Table B.35. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 65

32.5 pipe diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube

bundle and 11.5 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate (configuration 11).

Table B.36. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 65

32.5 pipe diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube

bundle and 11.5 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate (configuration 11).

Table B.37. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 65

32.5 pipe diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube

bundle and 11.5 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate (configuration 11).

Table B.38. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 66

38 pipe diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube

bundle and 17 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate (configuration 12)

.

Table B.39. Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 66

38 pipe diameters from the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 17 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate

(configuration 13).

Table B . 40 . Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 66

38 pipe diameters from the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube

bundle and 17 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate (configuration 12).

52

Table 6.1 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with the oversized Sprenkle

47 pipe dianeters upstream of the orifice plate (ConflBuration 1).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (A. 082 in) Orifice Diameter U .AAAS cm ( 1.7498 in)

Run ID

43071886- 1 43071886- 3 43071886- 4 43071886- 5 4307188F- 6 43072986- 1 43072986- 2 43072986- 3 43072986- 4 43072986- 5 43072985- 6 43080186- 1 43080186- 2 43080186- 4 43080186- 5 43080186- 6 43012188- 1 43012188- 2 43012188- 3 43012188- 4 43012188- 5 43012188- 6 43012188- 7 43012188- 8 43012188- 9 43020488- 1 43020488- 2 43020488- 3 43020488- 4 43020488- 5 43020488- 6 43020488- 7 43020488- 8

Table B.2 Hea

Pressure Temper atur MPa (K) 4.0736 290.36

3.7245 288.96

3.7241 288,81

3. 8892 289.26

3. 8880 289.29

3. 7847 288.36

3.7842 288.36

4 .0664 289.91

4 .0964 290.29

3.9354 288.76

3.9356 288.72

3.9650 288.56

3.9550 288.41

4 . 1115 289. 52 3.8213 288.32

3.8216 288. 14

4 .0198 288.63 4.0089 288.74 4.0151 288.67

3.8663 288.09

3.8710 288. 13

4 . 1118 289.29

4 . 1343 289.33

3. 7778 287.72

3.7688 287 . 50 3.7767 288.44

3.7781 288.36

4 . 0975 289. 78

4 . 1165 289.93

3.9357 288.84 3.9137 288. 79 4.0432 289,34 4.0445 289.29

Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

(kPa) tkg/s) Reynolds No, 47.59 3.129 0.5219 351100 6061 0,5052

43.74 49.425 1.9757 1339900 6007 0,6024 43.76 48,820 1.9613 1330000 5997 0,6013

45.63 19,313 1.2599 851800 6008 0,6015

45.60 19,688 1,2732 860700 6015 0.6021

44,55 47, 704 1.9585 1328500 5004 0,6020

44 . 54 47,476 1.9528 1324700 6001 0,5017

47.59 3.003 0.5106 343900 6054 0,6055

47.87 2.991 0.5116 344200 6061 0,6062

46.26 19.243 1.2700 859100 6026 0.6032

46.27 19.081 1.2650 855900 6028 0.5034

46.64 13.392 1.2472 843900 5029 0.6035

46.67 18.363 1.2459 843200 5026 0.6032

48. 19 3.473 0.5511 371400 6039 0.6040

44 . 99 48. 545 1.9913 1350400 5022 0.5038

45.02 48.333 1.9831 1345400 5008 .6024 47.27 12.547 1.0331 698400 6008 0.6011

47,13 12.555 1.0362 700400 6032 0.6036

47,21 12.551 1.0363 700500 6029 0.6033

45,56 28.419 1.5275 1035800 6006 0.5015

45.61 28.007 1,5167 1028300 6004 0.5013

48.24 4 .350 0.6187 417100 5053 0. 6054 48,50 4. 756 0.6498 437900 5062 0.5054

44 , 58 48,528 1.9796 1345000 6015 0.6031 44.49 49.010 1.9860 1349900 5010 0.6027

44.44 49.327 1.9922 1351200 5012 0.6029

44,47 49.196 1,9863 1347400 5001 0.6018

47,98 4.333 0,6116 411900 6010 0.5011

48, 18 4.879 0,6540 440200 6044 0.5045

46.25 27.367 1.5181 1025700 5038 0.5047

45,00 28.043 1.5321 1036600 5035 0.5045

47 , 42 13,227 1.0670 719900 6033 0.6037

47 ,45 13.373 1.0700 722000 6015 0,6019

Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with the oversized Sprenkle

47 pipe diameters upstreaa of the orifice plate (Configuration 1).

Pipe Diameter = 10,368 cm (4,082 in) Orifice Diameter 5. 7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID

44052587- 1 44062587- 2 44062587- 3 44052587- 4 44062587- 5 44062587- 5 44062587- 7 44052587- 8 44012188- 1 44012188- 2 44012188- 3 44012188- 4 44012188- 5 44012188- 5 44012188- 7 44012188- 8 44012888- 1 44012888- 2 44012888- 3 44012888- 4 44012888- 5 44012888- 6 44012888- 7 44012888- 8 44012888- 9

Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c "2

MPa (K) (kg/m-^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No 3,8646 289.27 45,33 15,000 1,8803 1271500 5987 0, 5992 3,8704 288,62 45,51 14,888 1,8815 1274300 5002 0.6007

4 ,0973 287,03 48,49 2,741 0.8355 566500 5023 0.5024

4 .0938 288.51 48, 15 2,556 0.8224 555500 5032 0.5033

3, 7055 291. 18 43. 15 23.988 2,3231" 1566700 5992 0.6000

3. 7143 287.31 43,89 23,466 2.3147 1575500 5987 0. 5994 3.9525 286.56 46,97 7.650 1.3738 934000 5021 0.5023 3.9759 288. 10 46.85 7,735 1.3772 932700 5010 0.5012 4.0718 288. 75 47,87 2.990 0.8722 589100 6059 0.6060 4,0443 288,86 47.52 2.979 0,8687 586700 6067 0,6068

3,9390 288,23 46,39 7.254 1,3360 904800 6050 0.5052 3.9179 288,24 46, 14 7. 147 1.3219 895500 6047 0.5050 3,6833 287, 12 43.55 22.292 2.2585 1538500 5017 0.6024 3,5774 286,77 43,54 22.057 2.2442 1530100 6010 0,5017

3,8286 287.55 45,20 15.540 1.9238 1305700 5008 0. 6013 3,7995 287,28 44,91 15.555 1.9182 1304300 6008 0.6013 4,0936 288,42 48, 18 2.669 0,8262 558300 6054 0.6055 4,0993 288.43 48,25 2.731 0,8366 565200 6057 0.6057 3,7182 288,45 43,75 22,382 2,2668 1538500 5013 0,6020

3,7092 288.53 43,63 22,050 2,2472 1525100 5014 C .6021 3.9359 289, 13 46,20 8,083 1,4097 952700 6060 .6062 3.9378 289,24 46,20 8. 153 1.4130 954700 6048 0.6051 3.9379 289,34 46.18 8, 131 1.4114 953300 5050 0.6053 3.8460 288, 74 45.20 14,248 1,8394 1245600 6019 0.6023 3.8506 289, 11 45,20 14. 163 1,8322 1239600 5014 0.6018

54
Table B.3 Heasnred and calcalated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with the oversized Sprenkle

47 pipe diaaeters apstreaa of the orifice plate (Confisoratioo 1).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (A. 082 in) Orifice Diameter 6.98A0 cm (2.7A96 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CYz HFa (K) (kPa) (ks/s) Reynolds No. 45062587- 1 3.8891 287.74 45.89 6.715 2.0405 1384600 6046 0.6047 45062587- 2 3.8923 288.16 45.85 6.703 2.0366 1380400 6042 0.6044 45062587- 3 4.0134 288.41 47.24 2.808 1.3411 907200 6058 0.6058 45062587- 4 4.0072 288.39 47.17 2.794 1.3419 907800 6080 0.6081

45062587- 5 3.7444 287.27 44.25 9.137 2.3317 1586700 6030 0.6033 45062587- 6 3.7552 288.04 44.25 9.195 2.3373 1587300 6026 0.6028

45062587- 7 3.9079 287.63 46.13 5.185 1.7969 1219300 6043 0.6045 45062587- 8 3.8997 287.81 46.00 5.206 1.7941 1217000 6030 0.6032

45012788- 1 3.8702 288.73 45.49 5. 107 1.7640 1194300 6020 . 5021 45012788- 2 3.8662 288.78 45.44 5.080 1.7590 1190800 6022 0.5024 45012788- 3 3.6855 288.28 43.39 8.520 2.2197 1507700 6004 0.6006 45012788- 4 3.6828 287.62 43.47 8.453 2.2140 1506300 6007 0.6009

45012788- 5 3.8279 288.51 45.03 6.280 1.9430 1315800 6009 0.6011 45012788- 6 3.8167 288.42 44.91 6.290 1.9456 1319000 6021 0.6022 45012788- 7 3.9297 289.18 46. 12 2.548 1.2592 851000 6043 0.5043 45012788- 8 3.9202 289.24 45.99 2.522 1.2519 846000 6047 0. 6048 45020488- 1 3.9712 289.18 46.60 2.754 1.3200 891600 6061 0.6062

45020488- 2 3.9663 289.11 46.56 2.738 1.3169 889700 6067 0.6058

45020488- 3 3.8423 288.37 45.22 6. 193 1.9377 1313400 6022 .5024 45020488- 4 3.8549 288.25 45.39 6.209 1.9451 1318600 6026 . 6028 45020488- 5 3.6901 288.01 43.49 8.868 2.2714 1543700 6015 0.6017 45020488- 6 3.6919 287.29 43.63 8.795 2.2651 1542100 6013 0.6016 45020488- 7 3.8698 288.31 45.56 5.073 1.7612 1193600 5026 0.6027 45020488- 8 3.8555 288.43 45.37 5. 139 1.7700 1199400 5029 .6031

Table B.4 Heasnred and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with the oversized Sprenkle

47 pipe diaaeters upstreaa of the orifice plate (Confisnration 1).

Pipe Diameter = 10.358 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7.5177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kg/m^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No 46071886- 1 3.9641 289.21 46.51 2.375 1.5326 1035400 6023 0.5024 46071886- 3 3.9408 289.24 46.23 2.353 1.5250 1030400 6039 0.5039 46071886- 4 3.8011 289.01 44.63 4 . 449 2.0477 1386600 6001 0.6002 46071886- 5 3.7938 288.90 44.56 4 . 442 2.0495 1388300 6015 .5017 45071886- 6 3.5840 287.56 42.31 6.482 2.4079 1640500 6005 .5007 46071886- 7 3.5760 286.7 4 42.34 6.382 2.3917 1632800 6008 0.5010 46072986- 1 3.9262 289.06 46.10 2.437 1.5484 1045800 5034 0.5035 46072986- 2 3.9252 288.93 46. 11 2.453 1.5571 1053000 5048 0.5048 46072986- 3 3.6464 288.22 42.94 6.425 2.4189 1544200 6014 0.5015 46072986- 4 3.6451 287.77 42.99 6.358 2.4047 1536300 5006 . 5008 45072986- 5 3.8038 288.31 44.78 4.418 2.0447 1386900 6003 0. 6004 45072986- 6 3.8028 288. 18 44.79 4.454 2.0577 1395100 6016 0.6017 46080186- 3 3.6677 287.95 43.23 6.636 2.4718 1580800 6026 0.5028 46080186- 4 3.6674 287.91 43.24 6.566 2.4581 1671600 6025 0.6026 46080186- 5 3.9528 288.52 46.50 2.451 1.5637 1058200 6049 0.5050 46080186- 6 3.9521 288.52 46.50 2.478 1.5705 1062800 6043 . 6043 46012788- 1 3.6959 287.92 43.57 5.364 2.2226 1510900 6004 0. 6006 46012788- 2 3.6913 287.79 43.54 5.428 2.2391 1522500 6016 0.6017 46012788- 3 3.8199 268.44 44.95 3.866 1.9178 1300100 6008 0.6009 46012788- 4 3.8059 288.03 44.85 3.853 1.9119 1297600 6007 0.5008 46012788- 5 3.8809 288.56 45.65 2.766 1.6379 1109200 6020 0.6021 46012788- 6 3.8770 288.65 45.59 2.781 1.6434 1112800 6029 0.5029 46012788- 7 3.7509 287.99 44.21 4.677 2.0965 1423900 6022 0.6023 46012788- 8 3.7515 288.31 44. 16 4.679 2.0921 1419900 6011 0.6012 46012888- 1 3.7667 288.54 44.30 4.660 2.0902 1417500 6008 0.6009 46012888- 2 3.7591 288.57 44.21 4.638 2.0807 1411100 6001 .5002 46012888- 3 3.8742 288.69 45.55 2.758 1.6330 1105500 6019 . 6019 46012888- 4 3.8631 288.71 45.41 2.764 1.6337 1105200 6023 0.6023 46012888- 5 3.8129 288.61 44.84 3.710 1.8751 1270700 6005 0.6006 46012888- 6 3.8088 288.57 44.80 3.694 1.8688 1266600 6000 0.6001 46012888- 7 3.6772 287.66 43.39 5.572 2.2632 1539700 6011 0.6012 46012888- 8 3.6822 288.26 43.35 5.579 2.2618 1536500 5005 0.6008

55
Table B.5 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.*3 beta ratio plate with 58 pipe diaaeters of

straight pipe upstreeia of the orifice plate (Configuration 2).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cni (A. 082 in) Orifice Diameter = A.'i'iAS cm (1.7A98 in)

Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kg/m-^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 3.9A81 287.05 A6.71 30.406 1.6023 1088200 0.6015 0.6025

3.9A2'. 287.21 46.62 30.310 1.5975 1084600 0.6012 0.6022

4.1027 290.14 47.98 9.228 0.8988 604800 0.6050 0.6053

4.0908 290.47 47.78 9.193 0.8955 602200 0.5052 0.6055

3.8498 287.88 45.40 47.508 1.9746 1340000 0.5009 0.6025 3.8598 288.83 45.35 47.331 1.9704 1334000 0.6011 0.6026 3.8569 285.19 45.96 47.532 1.9891 1358600 0.5015 0.6031

3.8302 288.27 45.10 50.537 2.0270 1374500 0.5999 0.6016

3.9672 287.88 46.79 13.183 1.0542 714400 0.5011 0.6015

3.9854 288.06 46.97 13.297 1.0615 718900 0.5015 0.6020

3.9344 288.66 45.26 27.769 1.5237 1031000 0.6015 0.6024

3.9360 288.19 46.35 27.613 1.5244 1032600 0.5028 0.5037

4.0990 291.18 47.74 4.468 0.6196 415900 0.6011 0.6012

4.1206 291.12 48.01 4.789 0.5446 432700 0.5024 0.5026

4.1324 291.08 48.15 4.067 0.5960 400100 0.5035 0.5037 3.8309 289.21 44.95 49.469 1.9988 1352400 0.5990 0.5006 3.8345 289.57 44.93 49.553 2.0005 1352300 0.5985 0.6002

4.0639 290.32 47.49 13.529 1.0790 725100 0.5028 0.6032

4.0614 290.14 47.49 13.571 1.0797 725900 0.5022 0.6026

3.9635 289.57 46.44 27.261 1.5123 1020700 0.5013 0.5022

3.9660 289.18 46.54 26.886 1.5024 1015000 0.6010 0.6018

Table B.6 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 58 pipe diaaeters of straight pipe upstreaa of the orifice plate (Configuration 2) .

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID

43012887- 1 43012887- 2 43012887- 3 43012887- 4 43012887- 5 4301288"- 6 43070187- 1 43070187- 2 43070187- 3 43070187- 4 43070187- 5 43070187- 5 43070887- 1 43070887- 2 43070887- 3 43070887- 4 43070887- 5 43070887- 5 43070887- 7 43070887- 8 43070887- 9

Run ID

44063087- 1 44063087- 2 44063087- 3 44063087- 4 44063087- 5 44063087- 5 44063087- 7 44063087- 8 44070287- 1 44070287- 2 44070287- 3 44070287- 4 44070287- 5 44070287- 5 44070287- 7 44070287- 8

Table B.7 Me as

Pressure Temperature

MPa (K)

4 .0774 286.34 4.0758 286.07

4 .0035 288.81

3.9954 288.63

3.7175 289.56

3.7077 289.38

3.8492 287.52

3.8490 288.97 3.9635 288.59

3.9599 287.89

3.8871 288.38

3.8833 287.60

3. 7015 286.91 3.7438 288.68

4 .0979 289.49

4.0687 288.69

Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

(kg/ra^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No 48.38 3.045 0.8824 599400 6042 6043 48.43 3.322 0.9222 525900 5042 6043 47.05 8.041 1.4126 954700 5033 5035 47.00 7.985 1. 4074 951700 5035 5037 43.55 23.359 2.3030 1559000 5993 5000 43.47 23.329 2.2955 1555400 5985 5993 45.46 14.959 1.3854 1280600 6004 6009

45.20 15. 105 1.8855 1276200 5992 5996 46.52 7.912 1.3979 945700 5047 6049

46.70 7.895 1.3910 942700 5018 5021 45.75 14.588 1.8565 1254600 5999 5004 45.84 14.455 1.8620 1264000 5007 6011 43.81 24.402 2.3536 1610500 6000 5008

44 .01 22.452 2.2592 1538900 5992 5999 48.04 3.518 0.9461 537700 6047 6048 47.84 3.335 0.9202 521600 6053 6054

Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 58 pipe diaaeters of straight pipe upstreaa of the orifice plate (Configuration 2).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 6,9840 cm (2.7496 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kg/ra'') (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 45070187- 2 3.9718 288.47 46.74 4.699 1.7174 1162100 0.6028 0.6029 45070187- 3 3.9567 288.13 46.74 4.681 1.7140 1160800 0.6028 0.6029 45070187- 4 4.0152 288.43 47.26 2.673 1.3074 884300 0.6051 0.6052 45070187- 5 4.0145 289.12 47.12 2.665 1.3053 881500 0.6059 0.6059 45070187- 6 3.9105 287.96 46.10. 6.538 2.0155 1356500 0.5038 0.6039 45070187- 7 3.9024 288.42 45.93 5.565 2.0125 1363100 0.5028 0.5030 45070287- 1 3.9035 288.19 45.98 5.415 2.0005 1355700 0.5058 0.5050 45070287- 2 3.8909 288.20 45.83 5.392 1.9877 1347200 0.6040 0.6042 45070287- 3 4.0010 288.48 47.08 2.879 1.3595 919600 0.6074 0.6075 45070287- 4 4.0016 288.69 47.05 2.885 1.3605 919800 0.5074 0.5075 45070287- 5 3.9430 287.86 46.51 4.946 1.7681 1198600 0.6063 0.5065 45070287- 6 3.9418 288.34 46.41 4.957 1.7621 1193200 0.6043 0.6044 45070287- 7 3.9409 288.14 46.43 4.967 1.7633 1194600 0.5039 0.6041 45070287- 8 3.7421 287.97 44.11 9.276 2.3487 1595600 0.5038 0.6041 45070287- 9 3.7321 287.65 44.04 9.201 2.3260 1581600 0.6008 0.5011 45070287-10 3.7422 288.46 44.03 9.226 2.3315 1582000 0.6015 0.6018

56
Table B.8 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate witb 58 pipe diaaeters of

straight pipe upstreaa of the orifice plate (ConfiKuration 2).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (A. 082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7.6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

Ikg/m^)

Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 46012887- 1 3.9710 288.80 46.67 2. 581 1.6093 1088100 6056 0.6057

46012887- 2 3.9657 290.08 46.38 2.590 1.6033 1080800 6041 0.6042

46012887- 3 3.7596 286.45 44. 57 5.762 2.3362 1592600 6020 0.6022

46012887- 4 3. 7517 287.11 44 .37 5.732 2.3224 1580900 6014 0.6015

46012887- 5 3.8871 287.69 45.88 3.864 1.9491 1322700 6046 0.6047 46012887- 6 3.8685 288.97 45.43 3.805 1.9258 1303200 6049 0.6050

46012887- 7 3.8571 290.03 45. 11 3.787 1.9140 1292100 6047 0.6048

46012887- 8 3.9494 290.76 46.07 2.616 1.6048 1080300 6037 0.6038

Table B.9 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 10 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe diaaeters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 3).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 4.4445 cm (1.7498 in)

Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2

MPa (K) (kg/ra'') (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 3.8491 288.53 45.28 47.797 1.9660 1332100 0.5973 0.5988

3.8485 287.61 45.43 47.353 1.9619 1332300 0.5978 0.5994

4.1003 287.06 48.52 9.285 0.8996 609800 0.6004 0.5007

4.0888 285.93 48.59 9.284 0.9086 617800 0.6061 0.6064 4.0991 286.15 48.68 9.284 0.9042 614300 0.6026 0.6028

4.1027 287,02 48.55 9.302 0.9064 614500 0.6042 0.5045

3.9520 285.74 46.81 29.667 1.5803 1074100 0.6000 0.6009

3.9515 287.20 46.73 29.534 1.5738 1068500 0.5994 0.6004 3.9506 287.81 46.61 29.531 . 1.5728 1066300 0.5998 0.6008

3.9117 287.09 46.27 30.619 1.5940 1083000 0.5991 0.5001

3.9106 287.07 46.26 30.625 1.5935 1082700 0.5989 0.5999

4.0552 286.23 48.14 8.930 0.8796 597800 0.6010 0.6013 4.0635 286.28 48.23 8.991 0.8828 599800 0.6005 0.6009

3.8409 284.47 45.89 48.221 1.9874 1360100 0.5971 0.5987 3.8358 288.65 45.10 49.456 1.9954 1351800 0.5970 0.5987

Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 10 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe diaaaters froa the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 3).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID

43013087- 1 43013087- 2 43013087- 3 43013087- 4 43013087- 5 43013087- 6 43013087- 7 43013087- 8 43013087- 9 43020387- 1 43020387- 2 43020387- 3 43020387- 4 43020387- 5 43020387- 6

Table B.IO Mea

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kg/m^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 44020387- 1 3.9052 286.34 46.34 11.637 1.6707 1137200 5975 0. 5979 44020387- 2 3.9055 289.63 45.75 11.776 1.6725 1129500 5984 0. 5983 44020387- 3 4 .0908 288.25 48. 18 2.865 0.8508 575200 6018 0.5019 44020387- 4 4.0963 288.28 48.24 2.857 0.8508 575100 6023 0.6024 44020387- 5 3. 7230 287.90 43.90 23.927 2.3328 1585400 5974 0.5982 44020387- 6 3.7217 288.00 43.86 23.835 2.3216 1577400 5960 0. 5957

Table B.ll Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 10 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe diaaeters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 3').

Pipe Diameter - 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m-') Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 45020287- 1 3.8723 288.35 45.58 4.953 1.7276 1170800 5980 0. 5982 45020287- 2 3.8782 289.58 45.44 4.960 1.7228 1163900 5968 0.5970 45020287- 3 3.7413 290. 17 43.73 8.452 2.2074 1491600 5971 0.5973 45020287- 4 3.7312 289.08 43.79 8.394 2.2006 1491100 5969 0.5971 45020287- 5 3.9503 284. 18 47.26 2.525 1.2608 862300 6005 0.6005

45020287- 6 3.9528 284.66 47.20 2.534 1.2609 861300 5999 0.6000

57
Table B.12 Measored and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 10 pipe diaaetexs fnm

the alboK to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line tube bundle to tb» orifice plate (Confisuration 3).

PJTJe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7.6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2

MP a (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. A6013087- 1 3.9680 286.88 46.98 2.575 1.6000 1086900 6008 0.6009

46013087- 2 3.9624 286.81 46.92 2.573 1. 5985 1086100 6008 0.6009

46013087- 3 3.7545 289.26 44.04 5.868 2.3059 1561400 5924 0.5925 4601308"- 4 3.7509 288.91 44.05 5.838 2.3007 1559200 5924 0.5925

46013087- 5 3.7481 288. 16 44. 15 5.330 2.3021 1563100 5926 0.5927 46013087- 6 3.9083 288. 11 45.05 3.777 1.9025 1289500 5958 0.5959

46013087- 7 3.9059 287.29 46. 17 3. 758 1.8983 1289200 5953 0.5954 46020387- 1 3.9482 289.33 46.31 2.542 1.5753 1064000 5997 0.5997 46020387- 2 3.9495 288.31 46.50 2.527 1.5684 1062000 5976 0.5977 46020387- 3 3.7327 287.03 44 . 16 6.073 2.3638 1609700 5961 0.5962 46020387- 4 3.7325 288.99 43.82 6.095 2.3516 1593300 5942 0.5943

46020387- 5 3.9146 289. 17 45.94 3.679 1.8744 1267100 5954 0.5955

46020387- 6 3.9133 287.93 46.14 3.685 1.8774 1272900 5946 0.5947

Table B.13 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 48 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe diaaeters fron the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Confisuration 4).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 em (2.2495 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kg/m'') (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 44070987- 1 3.9814 288.32 46.88 7.211 1.3284 899100 5003 0.6005

44070987- 2 3.9643 288.76 45.50 7. 133 1.3171 890700 5002 0.6004 44070987- 3 3.7463 288.99 43.99 23.604 2.3102 1565500 5951 0.5958 44070987- 4 3.7215 290.75 43.41 23.490 2.2926 1547400 5959 0. 5965 44070987- 5 3.8737 289.83 45.34 15.573 1.9172 1294500 5971 0.5975

44070987- 6 3.8917 290.47 45.44 15.814 1.9264 1298500 5956 0.5971 44070987- 7 4 . 1184 291.37 47.94 3.358 0. 9196 516900 6023 0.6024 44070987- 8 4 .0918 291. 18 47.66 3.355 0. 9179 516200 6032 0.5033 44071787- 1 3.9006 287. 18 46.13 14.570 1.8696 1270100 5968 0.5973 44071787- 2 3.9042 287.06 46.19 14.668 1.8732 1272900 5977 0.5981 44071787- 3 3.9810 287.54 47.01 8.317 1.4276 958100 5998 0.6000 44071787- 4 3.9802 287.36 47.04 8.308 1.4231 965500 5981 0.5983 44071787- 5 3.7563 288.02 44.27 21.998 2.2406 1521700 5960 0.5967 44071787- 6 3.7482 287.26 44 .30 21.963 2.2398 1524100 5950 0.5967 44071787- 7 4 .0850 288.43 48.08 2.776 0.8357 555400 6018 0.6019 44071787- 8 4.0745 288.56 47.92 2.816 0.8415 558400 6019 0.6020

Table B.14 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 48 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 7 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 4).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4;082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7.6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 46070887- 1 3.7654 287.79 44 . 42 5.807 2. 3091 1568900 5938 0.5939 46070887- 2 3.7585 288.71 44.30 5.821 2.3057 1553100 5930 0.5931 45070887- 3 3.3275 288. 16 45.09 5.007 2.1613 1466100 5940 0.5942 45070887- 4 3.8193 288.37 44.95 5.012 2.1593 1464200 5941 0. 5942 46070887- 5 3.9753 287.82 46.90 2.594 1.5154 1094700 5936 0.5937 45070887- 6 3.9570 288.51 46.55 2.700 1.5105 1089900 5932 0.5933 46070887- 7 3.8929 288.21 45.85 3.805 1.9053 1292000 5961 0.5952 45070887- 8 3.9111 287.88 46. 12 3.788 1.9034 1290800 5947 0.5948 45070987- 1 3.8377 289.61 44.96 4.572 2.0698 1399000 5961 0.5962 46070987- 2 3.8545 288.28 45.39 4.559 2.0731 1405500 5952 0.5953 46070987- 3 3.9035 288.09 46.00 3.551 1.8693 1257100 5949 0.5950 46070987- 4 3.8968 288.20 45. 90 3.659 1.8644 1263500 5942 0.5942 45070987- 5 3.7232 287.48 43.97 6.120 2.3509 1606200 5944 0.5945 45070987- 6 3.7271 288.55 43.83 6. 145 2.3585 1500200 5934 0.5936 46070987- 7 3.9553 285.40 46.91 2.736 1.5334 1111000 5956 0.5956 45070987- 8 3.9393 286. 11 45.78 2.745 1.6348 1113000 5958 0.5959

58
Table B.15 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 10 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice

plate (Confisuration 5).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in). Or

Dif

-fice

Press

Diameter =

Flow Rate

4 . 4445 cm (

Pipe

7498 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density C (kg/m^) CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No 43020587- 1 3 9130 286.90 46.32 30 603 1 5940 1083500 5990 0.6000

43020587- 2 3 9122 286.73 46.34 30 500 1 5941 1084000 5999 .5009 43020587- 3 3 9113 287.04 46.28 30 437 1 5890 1079700 5990 0.6000

43020587- 4 4 0922 286.01 48.62 7 921 8330 566200 6014 0.5016

43020587- 5 4 0918 285.55 48.70 7 882 8318 566000 6015 0.5018 43020587- 6 3 8374 287.45 45.33 48 720 1 9893 1351600 5982 0.5998

43020587- 7 3 8378 287. 11 45. 39 49 807 2 0114 1367700 5978 0.5994 43020687- 1 3 9333 289.74 46.06 28 917 1 5474 1044400 5998 0.5008

43020687- 2 3 9346 286.12 46.72 28 450 1 5439 1051100 5991 0.6000 43020687- 3 3 8276 287.15 45.26 49 824 2 0118 1368000 5987 . 6003 43020687- 4 3 8293 288. 86 44.99 49 664 1 9996 1354100 5978 0.5994 43020687- 5 4 0871 285.61 48.63 8 459 8600 585100 6007 0.6009

43020687- 6 4 0849 289. 18 47.94 8 688 8579 585500 6024 0.6027

Table B . 16 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 10 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice

plate (Configuration 5).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID

44020687- 1 44020687- 2 44020687- 3 44020687- 4 44020687- 5 44020687- 6

Table B.17 Mea

Pressure

MPa

3. 9220

3 . 9211

4. 0902

4 . 1071

3. 7638

3. 7632

Temperature

(K) 289. 51 288. 78 289.25

289.99

289.60

289.26

Density

(kg/m-') 45.97 45.08

47 .99 48.05

44 . 09

44 . 14

Dif Press

(kPa) 11.218

11. 187

2. 550

2. 553 22.960

22. 753

Flow Rate

(kg/s)

1 . 5350 1.6339

0. 8024

0. 8026 2.2843

2.2720

Pipe

Reynolds No

1104200

1105500 541200

540300 1545300

1538200

5980

5977 6028

6021

5959

5950

CY2

. 5983

. 5980

.6029

.6022

. 5966

. 5957

Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 10 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice

plate (Confisuration 5).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter 6.9840 cm (2.7495 in)

Run ID

45020487- 1 45020487- 2 45020487- 3 45020487- 4 45020487- 5 45020487- 6

Pressure

MPa

.9221

.9233

, 7592

, 7665

,9904

. 9900

Temperature

(K) 288. 37 287.50

290 . 10 289. 92 283. 56 284. 06

Density

Ckg/m'^) 46. 17 46.34

44 . 07

44 . 07

47 . 86

47 . 76

Dif Press

(kPa)

4 . 792

4. 770

8. 594 8.538

2. 483

2. 501

Flow Rate

(kg/s)

1. 7111

1. 7065 2.2319

2.2205

1.2556

1.2574

Pipe

Reynolds No. 1158800

1158100

1508000

1501000

859600 859800

CY,

5983

5970

5964 5953

5993 5986

5985

5972

5966 5955

5993

5985

Table B.18 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 10 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice

plate (Configuration 5).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7.5177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kg/ra'^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 46020487- 1 3.9544 288.92 45.45 2.463 1. 5386 1040200 5942 0.5942

46020487- 2 3.9572 288. 74 46.52 2.453 1.5364 1039100 5940 0. 5940 46020487- 3 3.7237 289.32 43.67 5.995 2.3122 1566000 5901 0. 5903 46020487- 4 3.7577 288.75 44. 16 5.495 2.2254 1508700 5900 0.5901

46020487- 5 3.8914 290.23 45.48 3.942 1.9248 1298200 5936 0.5938

46020487- 5 3 . 8830 285.82 46. 16 3.877 1.9167 1306700 5918 0.5919

46020687- 1 3.9599 289.38 4 6.44 2.497 1.5493 1046200 5942 0.5943

46020687- 2 3.9500 288.42 46.61 2.477 1.5453 1046000 5941 0.5941

45020587- 3 3.7381 292.97 43.24 5.967 2.2935 1539500 5896 0.5897

46020587- 4 3.7369 286.08 44 . 37 5.783 2.2908 1563500 5907 0.5908 46020587- 5 3.8921 289.21 45. 57 3.842 1.8976 1283000 5916 . 5917 46020687- 6 3.8908 287.42 45.96 3.831 1.9005 1290600 5915 0.5916

59
Table B.19 Measured and calcalated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 48 pipe diameters from

the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice

plate (Confisuration 6).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 em (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2

(kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. Run ID

44071787- 1 44071787- 2 44071787- 3 44071787- 4 44071787- 5 44071787- 6 44071787- 7 44071787- 8 44071787- g 44072087- 1 44072087- 2 44072187- 1 44072187- 2 44072187- 3 44072187- 4 44072187- 5 44072187- e

Pressure Temperature Density

MPa (K) (kg/m^)

3.9933 287.33 47.20 3.9815 287.35 47.05 3.8911 286.84 46.07 3.8911 289.07 45.68

3.8994 289.27 45.74

4. 1108 290.79 47.95

4.0923 288.95 48.07 3.7443 288.45 44.06 3.7505 289.37 43.97 3.7138 287.82 43.80 3.7028 286.59 43.88

4.0170 287.39 47.47 3.9965 288.01 47. 11 3.9075 287.42 46. 16 3.9067 287.17 46.20 4.0892 288.68 48.09 4.0893 289. 18 47.99

7 .676 .3749

7 .598 .3676

14 .709 .8764

14 .756 .8696

14 .780 .8701

2 .956 .8612

2 .946 .8609

22,.741 2 .2831

22..719 2..2783

23 .522 2..3008

23 ,309 2..2920

7 .486 1..3542

7,.470 1..3516

14. 237 1..8426

14,. 163 1..8354

3,.505 0..9392

3,.508 0. 9369

932700 .6001 .6004 927800 .6009 .6011 1275900 .5986 .5990 1264500 .5980 .5984 1264100 .5972 .5977 578600 .6010 .6011 581000 .6011 .6012 1549100 . 5987 . 5994 1542400 .5983 0,.5990 1564100 0..5950 0,.5957 1563000 0..5949 0,.5956 918200 0,.5968 0, 5970 915400 0. 5986 0, 5988 1250900 0. 5969 0, 5973 1245800 0. 5959 0, 5963 634300 0.,6011 0. 6012 632000 0. 6000 0. 6001

Table B . 20 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 48 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line Sprenkle and 7 pipe diaaetars froa the in-line Sprenkle to the orifice

plate (Coof isuration 6).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7.6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID

46072087- 2 46072087- 3 46072087- 5 46072087- 5 46072087- 7 46072087- 8 46072087- 9 46072087- 10

Table B.21 Mea

ressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) (kg/m'') (kPa) Ckg/s) Reynolds No. 3.8752 286. 7i 45.90 3.720 1.8699 1272100 .5910 0.5911

3.8762 287. 15 45.83 3.705 1.8646 1267100 .5910 0.59U

3.9481 267 07 46.71 2.666 1.5951 1083300 .5904 0. 5905 3.9180 287.22 46.32 2.640 1.5852 1076600 .5921 0, 5922 3.7292 287.51 44 .03 5.935 2.2999 1564500 0,.5875 0.5877 3.7208 287.27 43.97 5.893 2.2930 1560800 0,,5883 0.5884 3.8005 287.54 44 .87 4.739 2.0874 1418600 0,,5912 0.5913

3. 7999 287.29 44.91 4.768 2.0908 1421800 0, 5901 0.5902

Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 46 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 9 pipe diaaeters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate (Confisuration 7).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4 .082 in) Orifice Diameter = 4 , 4445 cm ( 1, 7498 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Dens i ty

(kg/m-') Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2

MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 43100887- 1 3.9215 285. 16 46.74 27.358 1.5188 1036600 0.6011 0. 5019 43100887- 2 3.9042 283.20 46.89 26.975 1.5103 1035900 .6010 0.6019

43100887- 3 3.8023 287 44 44 . 91 46. 506 1.9411 1319300 0. 5996 0.6012 43100887- 4 3.7837 286. 16 44.91 48 . 844 1.9865 1354700 . 5994 0.6010 43100887- 5 4. 1447 287.73 48.92 3.982 0.5947 402300 0.6038 0.5040 43100887- 5 4. 1380 287. 55 48,87 4 ,242 0.6143 415700 0.6045 0.6045 43100887- 7 4.0687 290.02 47.60 13.294 1.0722 722000 0.6035 0.6040 43100887- 8 4 .0564 288.86 47.66 13.158 1.0697 722400 0.5049 0.5053 43100987- 1 4.0854 287.48 48.26 4.010 0.5918 400900 0.6030 0.6031 43100987- 2 4.0789 287.22 48.23 3.896 0.5842 396000 0.6040 0.6041 43100987- 3 3.8868 287.23 45.95 27.709 1.5143 1028700 0.6005 0.5014 43100987- 4 3.8879 287.14 45.98 27.581 1.5085 1025000 0,5994 .6003 43100987- 5 3.9979 287.64 47.20 14. 197 1.0989 744800 0.6011 0.6015 43100987- 6 3.9877 287.42 47.12 14.217 1. 1001 745100 0.6019 0.6023 43100987- 7 3.7769 276.90 46.50 45.013 1.9397 1353600 0. 5995 0.6011 43100987- 8 3.7665 287.61 44 .46 48.603 1.9699 1338900 0. 5989 0.6005

60
Table B.Z2 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.S5 beta ratio plate with 46 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 9 pipe diaaeters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 7).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY^

MPa (K) (kg/m-^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 3.8427 287.19 45.43 15.027 1,8843 1280900 0.5989 0.5993

3.8253 287.69 45.14 14.932 1.8756 1273700 0,5999 0.6004

3.9108 287.73 46.15 8,390 1.4242 966100 0,6013 0,6016

3,9065 286,61 46,30 8.354 1.4241 968700 0.6016 0.6018

3.6612 282.08 44.15 22.145 2.2524 1553800 0.5981 0.5988

3.6710 283.67 43.99 22.261 2.2547 1549100 0.5982 0.5989

4.0271 289.38 47.23 3.313 0.9071 612000 0.6026 0.6027

4.0102 286.63 47.53 3.329 0.9148 621500 0.6044 0.6045

3.6632 283.81 43.87 22.517 2.2632 1554600 0.5978 0.5985

3.6483 285.26 43.45 21.703 2.2101 1513000 0.5975 0.5982

3.9059 288.17 45.01 8.408 1.4296 968800 0.6038 0.6041

3.9077 288.04 46.06 8.640 1.4429 978000 0.5009 0.5011

3.8088 287.51 44.96 15.085 1.8783 1276000 0.5989 0.5994

3.8040 286.36 45.12 14.928 1.8722 1275900 0.5991 0.5996

4.0183 287,86 47.40 2.746 0.8248 558600 0.5008 0.6009

4.0317 287.64 47.60 2.784 0.8357 566100 0.6033 0.6033

4.0645 287.29 48.05 2.790 0.8424 571000 0.6047 0.6048

3.9293 285.64 46.74 8.026 1.4055 958000 0.6029 0.6031

Table B.23 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 46 pipe diameters fro*

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 9 pipe diaaeters froa the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 7).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4,082 in) Orifice Diameter = 6.9840 cm (2.7496 in)

44100687- 1 44100687- 2 44100687- 3 44100687- 4 44100687- 5 44100687- 6 44100687- 7 44100687- 8 44100787- 1 44100787- 2 44100787- 3 44100787- 4 44100787- 5 44100787- 5 44100787- 7 44100787- 8 44100787- 9 44100787- 10

Run ID

45100887- 1 45100887- 2 45100887- 3 45100887- 4 45100887- 5 45100887- 6 45100887- 7 45100887- 8 45100987- 1 45100987- 2 45100987- 3 45100987- 4 45100987- 5 45100987- 6 45100987- 7 45100987- 8

Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m'') Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No, 3.9431 285.53 46.93 4.586 1 7010 1159500 6032 0.6033 3.9429 284.82 47.05 4.553 1 5985 1159800 6037 . 6038

3. 8440 282.29 46.32 6.268 1 9581 1353900 6009 .5010 3.8522 280.93 46.67 6.219 1 9724 1361300 6023 0.5024 3.6943 278.87 45. 11 8.919 2 3146 1608900 6002 0.5005 3.5829 280.25 44.73 8.901 2 3018 1594700 60.01 0.5003 3.9346 289.29 46. 15 3.238 1 4172 957500 6031 .5032 3.9360 289.38 45. 15 3.311 1 4373 970800 6048 0.6049

3.8097 285.81 45. 11 6.250 1 9531 1329400 6045 0.6047 3.8049 288.77 44 . 72 6.292 1 9478 1319600 6039 0.6041

3.6844 282.58 44.34 8.633 2 2695 1563300 6034 0.5036

3.6813 284.51 43.97 8.625 2 2585 1548300 6032 0.6034 3.9326 288.68 46.24 2.671 1 2900 872800 6039 0.6040 3.9405 288.78 46.31 2. 718 1 3073 884200 6051 0.6062

3.8578 287.48 45.56 5. 115 1 7735 1204500 6042 0.6043

3.8584 287.77 45.52 5. 128 1 7737 1203800 6039 . 6040

Table B.24 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 46 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 9 pipe diaaeters from the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 7).

Pipe Diameter = 10,368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7,6177 cm (2,9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/ra'') Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 45100587- 1 3 8023 286,03 45. 16 4.488 2.0672 1409800 5997 0.5998 45100587- 2 3 7634 284. 94 44.88 4.711 2.1072 1441600 5986 0. 5987 45100587- 3 3 8757 290.79 45.20 2.888 1.6669 1122900 5025 0. 5025 46100587- 4 3 8728 287.03 45.82 2.866 1.6683 1134100 6014 0.6014 46100587- 5 3 8021 287.52 44.90 3.965 1.9428 1320200 6014 . 6015 46100587- 6 3 8100 287.52 44 . 97 3.943 1.9401 1318000 6017 0.5018

45100587- 7 3 6539 284.97 43.56 5.957 2.3372 1601000 5993 0,5994 46100587- 8 3 6531 285. 75 43.42 5.940 2.3304 1593300 5993 0,5994 46100687- 1 3 6804 284.78 43.91 5.610 2.2780 1560700 5994 0,5996 46100687- 2 3 6794 286.86 43.55 5.509 2.2689 1546600 5995 0,5997 46100687- 3 3 7645 288.97 44.21 4.817 2. 1187 1435400 5995 0,5997 46100687- 4 3 7591 285.49 44 .73 4.774 2. 1190 1447900 5989 0,5990 46100687- 5 3 8195 283.91 45.74 3.898 1.9405 1330000 5003 0,6004 45100687- 6 3 8158 288.42 44 . 90 3.997 1.9457 1319100 5999 0,6000 45100687- 7 3 8151 285.82 45.35 3 .965 1. 9456 1327400 5993 0,5993 46100687- 8 3 8967 288.61 45.83 2.667 1.6101 1090000 6015 0,6015

46100587- 9 3 8844 289. 18 45.58 2.684 1.6117 1089800 6019 0,5019

61
Table B.Z5 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 44 pipe diaiaeters froa

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 12 pipe diaaeters froa the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 8).

Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 't.AAAS cm (1.7498 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 43101487- 1 3.7688 287.17 44.56 46.992 1.9420 1321300 .5998 0.6014 43101487- 2 3. 7454 286.93 44.32 47.971 1.9539 1330500 .5988 0.6005 43101487- 3 3.9188 287.73 46.24 14.740 1. 1093 752400 .6016 0.6021 4310148;- 4 3.9236 287.74 46.30 14.953 1. 1161 756900 .6006 0.6011 43101487- 5 3.8792 286. 15 46.05 28.150 1.5274 1040500 .6003 0.6012 43101487- 6 3.8698 286.00 45.97 27.889 1.5189 1035100 .6002 0.6011

43101487- 7 4. 1154 288.07 48.51 3.841 0. 5820 393500 .6043 0.6044 43101487- 8 4. 1018 288.43 48.28 3.841 0.5817 393000 .6053 0.6054 43101587- 1 3.9674 287.41 46.88 12.245 1.0194 691600 .6026 0.6030 43101587- 2 3.9615 286.54 46.96 11.905 1.0045 682900 .6017 0.6021 43101587- 3 3.7892 286. 19 44.97 46.789 1.9404 1323100 0,.5979 0. 5995 43101587- 4 3.7896 285.58 45.08 46.454 1.9382 1323500 0,.5986 0.6002 43101587- 5 4. 1505 288. 18 48.90 3.937 0.5905 399000 0..6031 0.6032 43101587- 6 4. 1597 287 . 88 49.07 4.464 0.6320 427300 0.,6051 0.6053 43101587- 7 3.9413 288.56 46.36 26.527 1. 4940 1011000 0, 6028 .6037 43101587- 8 3.9386 287.99 46.43 26.219 1.4822 1004500 0,,6011 0.602

Table B.26 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 44 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 12 pipe dlaaeters froa the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 8).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 44093087- 1 3.8460 287.33 45.45 15.088 1.8933 1286500 .6004 0.6009 44093087- 2 3.8390 285.17 45.75 14.806 1.8814 1285200 .6004 0.6008 44093087- 3 4.0622 286.37 48.19 3.208 0.9046 614500 . 5046 0.6047 44093087- 4 4 .0621 286.37 48. 19 3. 180 0.9012 612200 .6049 0.6050 44093087- 5 3.9559 285.83 47.03 7.257 1.3428 914500 .5039 0.5041 44093087- 6 3.9533 288.43 46.53 7.269 1.3363 904500 .5037 0.5039 44093087- 7 3. 7027 284.37 44.25 22.610 2.2864 1567600 .5000 0.5008 44093087- 8 3.7229 284.21 44.52 22.300 2.2769 1561300 .5999 0.5005 44100187- 1 3.8387 286.42 45.52 14.431 1.8569 1264700 .6017 0.6021 44100187- 2 3.8336 286.34 45.48 14.386 1.8543 1253200 .6021 0.6025 44100187- 3 3.9364 288.34 46.34 7.721 1.3812 935300 .6065 0.6068 44100187- 4 3.9703 288. 17 46.77 7.726 1.3841 937200 . 6049 . 6051 44100187- 5 3.9413 288. 18 46.43 7.673 1.3751 931400 .6052 .6055 44100187- 6 4.0529 289.97 47 .42 2.832 0. 8441 568500 .6052 0.6053 44100187- 7 4 .0540 288.87 47.64 2.809 0.8454 570900 .5073 0.6074 44100187- 8 3.6985 285. 17 44 .07 22.054 2.2602 1546600 ,5019 O'. 6026 44100187- 9 3.6877 287.41 43.56 22.712 2.2771 1549900 0,,6009 0.6017

Table B.27 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 44 pipe diameters froM

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 12 pipe dlaaeters froa the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate (Confifiuration B) .

Pipe Diameter = 10.366 cm (A. 082 in) Orifice Diameter = 6.9840 cm (2.7496 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m-') Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 45101487- 1 3.8140 287.76 45. 00 6.101 1.9179 1302400 .6020 0.6022 45101487- 2 3.8062 288.02 44 .86 6.064 1.9090 1295500 .6020 0.6022 45101487- 3 3,8614 284. 89 46.07 4.602 1.6902 1155100 .5039 .6040 45101487- 4 3.8542 288.07 45.42 4.683 1.6929 1148200 .5038 0.6039 45101487- 5 3.9259 287.58 46.35 2.844 1.3371 907100 .5058 0.5059 45101487- 6 3.9031 287.38 46. 12 2.832 1.3311 903800 .6059 0.5060 45101487- 7 3.6568 278.34 44 . 75 8.462 2.2486 1565900 .6012 0.5014 45101487- 8 3.6714 280.37 44 .57 8.497 2.2500 1558600 .6014 0.6017 45101687- 1 3.7255 286.97 44 .08 8.342 2.2146 1508300 .6007 0.6009 45101687- 2 3.7249 286.60 44. 14 8.256 2.2049 1503100 .6007 0.6010 45101687- 3 3.7818 289. 10 44.39 7.233 2.0683 1400500 .6003 0.6005 45101587- 4 3.7740 288.36 44 .42 7.199 2.0722 1405800 .6027 0.6029 45101687- 5 3.7789 288.86 44.39 7.231 2.0736 1404900 .6019 0.6021 45101687- 6 3.9501 288.69 46.44 2.701 1.3037 881900 .6055 0.6056 45101687- 7 3.9279 288.59 46.20 2.714 1.3044 882800 ,6060 0.6061 45101687- 8 3.8577 285. 16 45.97 4.973 1.7547 1198500 0,,6037 0.6038 45101687- 9 3.8518 288.64 45.29 4.896 1.7291 1171200 0,,6040 0.6041

62
Table B.28 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 44 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle and 12 pipe diaaeters froa the flanged tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 8).

Orifice Diameter = 7.6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 46092987- 1 3.8544 288.60 45.33 3 875 1.9323 1308900 6022 . 6023 45092987- 2 3.8549 288. 11 45.42 3 840 1.9237 1304600 6016 0.6017

46092987- 3 3.9225 289.29 46.01 2 620 1.6042 1083900 6035 0.5035

46092987- 4 3.9219 284.84 46.80 2 584 1.6089 1098900 5044 0.5045

46092987- 5 3.7617 287 . 05 44.50 5 058 2. 1850 1487200 6015 0.6016

46092987- 6 3.7637 239.24 44. 15 5 109 2. 1882 1481500 6017 .5018 46092987- 7 3.7031 279. 17 45. 17 5 514 2.2972 1595500 6013 0.5015

46092987- 8 3.6917 273.04 46. 16 5 539 2.3276 1642100 5015 0.6016

46093087- 1 3,6774 284 .90 43.86 5 906 2.3402 1602800 6006 0.6007 46093087- 2 3.6807 282.48 44.31 5 752 2.3241 1601300 6013 0.6015

46093087- 3 3 .9084 287.27 45. 20 2 709 1.6330 1108900 6029 .6030 46093087- 4 3.8978 287.85 45.97 2 796 1.6543 1122000 6027 0.6028

46093087- 5 3.8509 287.45 45.49 3 68A 1.8954 1287500 6048 0.6049

46093087- 6 3.8420 287.41 45.39 3 671 1.8865 1281700 6035 0.5037 46093087- 7 3.7598 287.70 44.36 4 899 2. 1561 1465300 6040 0.6041

46093087- 8 3 . 7646 286.76 44.58 4 858 2. 1524 1466000 6035 0.5035

46100187- 1 3.9389 287.89 46.45 2 591 1.6033 1086800 5036 0.5037 46100187- 2 3.9374 287. 72 45. 46 2 577 1. 5990 1084300 5036 0. 5037 46100187- 3 3.8611 288. 50 45.43 3 730 1.8953 1284700 5017 .5018 46100187- 4 3.8578 288. 13 45.45 3 690 1. 8887 1280700 5023 0.6024 46100187- 5 3.6815 277.26 45.25 5 689 2.3203 1519700 5975 0.5976

46100187- 6 3. 7703 284.26 45.08 4 866 2. 1589 1479400 5021 0.6022

46100187- 7 3.7614 284. 19 44 .99 4 860 2. 1533 1475000 5015 0.5017

Table B.29 Measured and calculated quantities for .the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 44 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the flanged Sprenkle and 12 pipe diaaeters froa the flanged Sprenkle to the orifice plate (Configuration 9).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 cm (2,2495 in)

Run ID

44101987- 1 44101987- 2 44101987- 3 44101987- 4 44101987- 5 44101987- 6 44101987- 7 44101987- 8 44102087- 1 44102087- 2 44102087- 3 44102087- 4 44102087- 5 44102087- 6 44102087- 7

Pressure Temperature Dens i ty Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) (kg/m^) (kPa) Ckg/s) Reynolds No.

3. 6858 282.42 44.38 22.000 2.2360 1540700 5941 0. 5948 3.6813 277.32 45.23 21.549 2.2304 1556800 5932 . 5939 4.0543 287. 17 47.95 3.225 0. 8977 508700 5999 0.6000

4.0447 287.03 47.86 3.239 0. 8996 610200 5004 0.6005

3.9334 287.74 46.42 7.598 1.3539 918100 5989 . 5991 3.9228 287.46 46.34 7.531 1.3422 910900 5969 0.5971

3.8177 286.84 45.20 15.275 1.8871 1284200 5964 0.5969

3.8374 285.58 45.56 15. 106 1.8845 1286200 5960 0. 5964 3.5639 282.75 44 .06 22.228 2.2528 1551500 5975 . 5983 3.5552 282.84 44 .07 22. 168 2.2436 1544800 5959 0. 5965 3.9075 288. 16 46.03 8.210 1.3985 947700 5975 0. 5978 3.9168 287.96 46. 18 8.364 1. 4187 961700 5997 0.5999

3. 8174 287 .86 45.02 14.951 1.8662 1266900 5973 0. 5978 3.8133 288. 53 44 .86 14.916 1.8577 1259200 5954 0. 5958 4.0501 288.97 47.69 2.681 0.8170 551500 6004 . 6005

Table B.30 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate and 44 pipe diameters from the elbow to the flanged Sprenkle and 12 pipe diaaeters froa the flanged Sprenkle to the orifice

plate (Configui^tion 9).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7.6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m-^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C <=^2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/3) Reynolds No

.

46102087- 1 3.9159 286.96 46.35 2.539 1. 5649 1063400 5959 0. 5950 46102087- 2 3.9240 286.59 46. 51 2.509 1.5572 1059000 5954 . 5955 46102087- 3 3.6839 286.61 43.65 5.730 2.2641 1544200 5913 0. 5914 46102087- 4 3.6923 286.47 43.77 5.711 2.2611 1542500 5906 0. 5908 46102087- 5 3.7718 291.61 43.85 4.768 2.0722 1394900 5918 0. 5919 46102087- 6 3.7583 289.56 44.03 4.745 2.0711 1401300 5918 0.5919 46102087- 7 3.8313 287.67 45.22 3.537 1.8125 1230800 5920 0.5921 46102087- 8 3.8234 286.32 45.36 3. 527 1.8121 1234700 5917 0.5918 46102087- 2 3.6797 285.88 43.72 5.672 2.2602 1544300 5928 0. 5930 45102087- 3 3.6741 284.85 43.83 5.572 2.2394 1534100 5919 0. 5920 46102087- 4 3.9026 289. 12 45.81 2.570 1. 5565 1052400 5924 0.5925 46102087- 5 3.8951 288.48 45.83 2.622 1.5780 1068700 5946 0. 5946 46102087- 6 3. 7963 286.79 44.95 4.366 2.0081 1367100 5920 0.5921 46102087- 7 3.7925 286.59 44 . 94 4.322 1.9988 1361500 5924 0.5925

63
Table B.31 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 34 pipe diameters froai the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle and 12 pipe diaaeters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate. In-line tube bundle Installed in 2 diaaeter spool piece

(Configuration 10).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 4.4445 cm (l.TAQS in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

Ckg/m-^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) CkPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 43032288-• 1 4 .0738 289.81 47 . 70 12.726 1.0475 705700 .6021 0.6025

43032288- 2 4 .0807 289.79 47 . 78 12.788 1.0515 708300 .6023 0.6027

430322813- 3 3 .9737 289.32 46.51 26.635 1.4985 1011800 .6018 0.6026

43032288- 4 3 .9742 289.12 46.55 26.409 1.4932 1008700 .6020 0.6028

43032488- 1 4 .1412 290.12 48. 43 4.209 0.6080 409000 .6035 0.6036

43032488- 2 4 . 1414 290 .08 48. 44 4 .410 0.6229 419000 . 5039 0.5040

43032488- 3 3 .8513 287.91 45.41 46.023 1.9346 1312700 . 5981 0.5997

43032488- 4 3,.8294 287.49 45.22 48.505 1.9828 1347000 . 5983 0.5999

43032488- 5 4,.1613 289.03 48.87 4.725 0.6442 434300 .6008 0.5009

43032488- 6 4,, 1617 289.31 48.82 4.632 0.6395 430900 .6027 0.6029

43032488- 7 3,.8638 287.46 45.64 47.930 1.9860 1348800 .6001 0.6017 43032488- 8 3,.8649 287.73 45.60 47.768 1.9723 1338600 . 5972 0.5988

43032488- 9 4,,1168 288.53 48.44 13.795 1. 1053 746400 .6055 0.6059

43032488- 10 4,, 1103 288. 46 48.38 13.794 1. 1029 745100 , 6046 0.5051

43032488- 11 4 .0017 288.02 47. 17 28.298 1. 5556 1053400 .5025 0.5034 43032488- 12 3,.9702 288.02 46.80 28.062 1. 5399 1043100 .5013 0.6022

43032488- 13 3,.9695 288. 11 45. 77 28.055 1.5388 1042100 .5010 0.6019

43032488- 14 4 . 1859 289.28 49. 11 4.333 0.6183 415500 ,6006 0.5008

43032488-15 4,.1186 288.51 48.46 12.831 1.0604 716200 0,,6022 0.5026

Table B.32 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 34 pipe diameters from an oversized Sprenkle to the in~line tube bundle and 12 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate. In-line tube bundle installed in 2 diameter spool piece

(ConfisuratioD 10)

Pipe Diameter = 10 . 368 cm (4 .082 in) Orifice I)iameter = 7.5177 cm (2. 9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/ra^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) CkPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No

46032288- 1 3 ,8097 288.74 44.78 4.707 2.0900 1415900 0. 5945 0.5946 45032288- 2 3 ,8113 289.06 44. 74 4.695 2.0916 1415800 0.5950 0.5961 45032288- 3 3 ,9361 289.37 46. 16 2.632 1.5940 1076700 0.5973 . 5974 45032288- 4 3 .9722 289.37 46. 58 2.654 1.6089 1086300 0.5977 0. 5978 46032288- 5 3 .8935 289.08 45.71 3.629 1.8557 1255000 0.5951 0.5952 46032288- 6 3 .9075 289. 17 45.85 3.628 1.8632 1259500 0. 5966 0.5956 46032288- 7 3 .7419 288.69 43.99 5.631 2.2704 1539500 0. 5958 0.5959 46032288- 3 3 .7534 288.01 44.24 5.508 2.2693 1541200 0. 5950 0.5952 46033088- 1 3 .7865 289. 13 44. 44 4.775 2.0915 1416000 0. 5930 0.5931 45033088- 2 3 .7913 289.82 44.38 4.779 2.0960 1415500 0. 5944 0.5945 46033088- 3 3 .8555 289.52 45. 18 3.834 1.8922 1278900 0. 5938 0.5939 46033088- 4 3 .8595 289.52 45.23 3.834 1.8953 1281600 0. 5948 . 5949 46033088- 5 3 .7140 289.40 43.54 5.711 2.2650 1533800 0.5932 0.5933 46033088- 6 3 .7218 289. 30 43.65 5.683 2.2639 1533200 0.5936 0.5938 46033088- 7 3 .9361 289.73 45.09 2.574 1.5726 1061400 0.5964 0.5964 46033088- 8 3 .9448 289.62 46.22 2.614 1.5865 1070900 0.5962 0. 5963

Table B.33 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 33 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle (hexagon pattern) and 12 pipe diameters froa the in-line

tube bundle (hexagon pattern) to the orifice plate (Configuration 11).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kg/m^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 45102788- 1 3.9201 287.94 45.22 4 . 734 1.7125 1150900 .6022 0.6023 45102788- 2 3.9297 287.93 46. 34 4 . 727 1. 7133 1151400 .6022 0.6023 45102788- 3 3.7424 287.30 44.23 8.860 2.2890 1557400 .6014 . 6016 45102788- 4 3.7375 287.30 44. 17 8.827 2.2830 1553400 .6013 0.6016 45102788- 5 3.8435 287.38 45.41 6.736 2.0215 1373500 .6012 0.6014 45102786- 6 3.8660 287.35 45.68 6.822 2.0443 1388700 0,,6023 0.6025 45102788- 7 3.9699 288.02 46.80 2.956 1.3658 925200 0,,6041 0.5042 45102788- 8 3.9503 288.04 46.68 2.966 1.3634 923600 0,,6028 0.6028

Table B.34 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 33 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the flanged tube bundle (hexagon pattern) and 12 pipe diameters froa the in-line

tube bundle (hexagon pattern) to the orifice plate (Configuration 11).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m'') Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 45102788- 1 3.7664 287.56 44.47 5.244 2.2171 1507100 .5996 0.5998

46102788- 2 3.7690 286.68 44.65 5.204 2.2138 1508000 .5998 0.5000 46102788- 3 3.8758 287.68 45.74 3 . 795 1.9118 1297500 .5993 0.5994 46102788- 4 3.8624 287. 52 45.61 3. 799 1.9122 1298500 .6000 0.5001 46102788- 5 3.9288 287.95 46.32 2.785 1.6520 1119700 .6007 0.5008 46102788- 6 3.9202 287. 54 46.29 2.787 1.6522 1121100 .6008 0.6008 45102788- 7 3.8198 287.61 45. 09 4.516 2.0700 1406000 . 5991 0. 5992 46102788- 8 3.8372 287.46 45.32 4.511 2.0783 1411900 .6003 0.6004 64
Table B.35 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 33 pipe diameters froa

the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle and 12 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 11).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (A. 082 in) Orifice Diameter 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID

<i'.090888- A'i090888-

'i'i090888- 44090888-

44090888-

44090888-

44090888-

44090888- 8 44091288- 1 44091288- 44091288- 44091288-

44091288-

44091288-

44091288- 44091288-

Pressur

MPa

3 9407

3 9256

3 8364

3 8395

3 7249

3 7268

4 0301

4 0198

3 8522

3 8393

4 0331

4 0403

3 9537

3 9271

3 7034

3 7241

Temperature

(K) 288. 42 288. 30 287.80 287.59

287.11

287.07 289.06

289.21

288. 15 288. 12 289. 14 289.19 288.45

288.68

287.62

287.55

Density

(kg/m-') 46. 38 46.22

45.26

45. 33

44 .05 44.08

47.32

47.17 45.38

45.23

47.34 47.41

46.53

46. 17 43.71

43.97

Dif Press

(kPa)

840

854

565

14 .485 21.465

21.390

3 . 125

3 . 181

14 . 308 14.257

3. 198

177 450 295 22.863

22.894

Flow Rate (kg/s) 1.3802

1. 3800 1.8493 1.8439 2.2159

2.2118

0.8822

. 8911

1 .8387 1.8303 0.8924 0.8942

1. 3512

1. 3285 2.2820

2.2883

Pi Reynol

934

934 1255

1252

1508

1506

595 601

1246

1241 602

603

914 898 1552 1556

pe

ds No. 400 600

300 300

700 000

600

500 800

400 400

500

500 900 200

400

. 6013

.6017 0.5981

. 5976

0. 5982

. 5979

. 6028

. 6044 5992

, 5985

6027

, 6054 .6029

.6013

. 5992 0.5987

CYz

.6015

.6019

.5986

, 5980

. 5989

, 5986

.6029 0.6045

0. 5997 5990

.6028

.6055

.5031 .6016 5999

.5994

Table B.36 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 33 pipe diameters froa

the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle and 12 pipe diaaeters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Confisuration 11).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 6.9840 cm (2,7496 in)

Run ID

45 92288- 1 45 92288- 2 45 92288- 3 45 92288- 4 45 92288- 5 45 92288- 6 45 92288- 7 45 92288- 8 45 92288- 9 45 92288- 10 45 92388- 1 45 92388- 2 45 92388- 3 45 92388- 4 45 92388- 5 45 92388- 6 45 92388- 7 45 92388- 8

Pressure MPa

.9304 .9453 .7616 7683

.9932 .9899

. 8737

.8817

. 9304

.9195

.8653

.8560 .9516

.9383 .8942

.8925 7179

.7125

Temperature

(K) 288.43 288.39

288.11 288.02

288.67

288. 79 288. 54 288. 33 288.46

288.44 288.69

288.48

288.98

289. 15 288.46

288.57 287.69

287.32

Density

(kg/m-') 46.26

46. 44

44 .32 44.41 46.95 46.89

45. 57 45.70 46.25

46. 13 45 . 44 45.37

46.41 46.22

45.82

45. 78

43 .87 43 . 87

Dif Press

(kPa)

4 . 779

4 . 775

8. 599 8.471

.847 .878

. 885

.845

. 918

.918 787

793 789

.814

.680

.667 .956

.903

Flow Rate

(kg/s)

1. 7313 7296

.2593 .2438

.3440 .3476

.8960 1.8892

1.7455

1. 7426 1.8718

1.8697

1.3197

1. 3209 1.6933

1. 6898 2.2862

2.2791

P Reyno

117 117

153 152

90

91 128

128 118

117 126

126

89

89 114

114 155 155

ipe

Ids No. 2200

0900

3800

3600

8700

0900 4100

0100

1700 9900

7400 6800 2000

2700

6800

4100

4500

1100

.6057

. 6041

. 6019

. 6016

. 6047

. 6034

. 6022

. 6012

. 6020

. 6018

. 6004

5998

. 6034

. 6025

. 6014

0. 6013

. 5998

. 5997

"2

6058

6042

6021 6018

5048

5035

5023

. 5014

0. 5021

.6019

.5005

0. 6000 0.6034

0. 6026

. 60 15

. 6014

. 5001

. 6000

Table B.37 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 33 pipe diameters froa

the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle and 12 pipe diaaeters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 11).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7.6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID

46 92388- 1 46 92388- 2 46 92388- 3 46 92388- 4 46 92388- 5 46 92388- 6 46 92388- 7 46 92388- 8 46 92788- 1 46 92788- 2 46 92788- 3 46 92788- 4 46 92788- 5 46 92788- 6 46 92788- 7 46 92788- 8 46 92788- 9 46 92788- 10

Pressure Temperatur

MPa (K) 3.8400 288.29

3.8501 288.49

3.9421 288.69

3.9011 288. 54 3.7592 287.63 3.7656 287. 76 3.7241 287.89

3.7300 288.01 3.6888 287.68

3.7141 287.55

3.7614 288.19

3.7592 287.58

3.8077 288. 19 3.8257 288.46

3.8664 288.32

3.8523 288.45

3.8515 288.67 3.7392 288.23

Density

(kg/ra^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2(kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 45.21 3.877 1.9177 1300100 5982 0. 5983 45.30 3.893 1.9223 1302500 5978 0. 5979 46.35 2.495 1.5631 1057400 5003 0.6004 45.89 2.514 1.5592 1055700 5996 . 5996

44 .37 5.008 2. 1564 1465700 5975 0.5976

44 .42 4.928 2. 1406 1454400 5975 0.5976

43.91 5.433 2.2395 1521900 5988 . 5989 43.96 5.437 2.2380 1520300 5979 0.5980

43.53 5.707 2.2761 1548200 5964 0.5965

43.85 5.757 2.2933 1559900 5961 0.5962

44.30 4.621 2.0741 1407800 5987 0. 5988 44.38 4.575 2.0654 1404000 5986 0. 5987 44.85 3.514 1.8178 1233200 5981 . 5981 45.02 3. 580 1.8384 1246100 5981 0. 5982 45.52 2.628 1.5905 1077900 6007 0.6008

45.33 2.645 1.5946 1080500 6015 0.5016

45.28 2.668 1.5959 1080800 5997 0. 5997 44.03 4.631 2.0710 1406000 5989 0.5991

65
Table B.3S Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with 38 pipe diameters froa

the oversixed Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle and 17 pipe diaaeters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (configuration 12).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (^.082 in) Orifice Diameter = A.^'iAS cm (1.7^98 in)

Run ID Pressure

MPa Temperature

(K) Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press

(kPa) Flow Rate Pipe C (kg/s) Reynolds No. CY,

'13122988- 1 A3122988- 2 A312298d- 3 43122988- 4 43122988- 5 43122988- 6 43122988- 7 43122988- 8

3.9265

4 . 1338

4 . 1421

3 .8202

3 .8246

4 .0087

288.99

288. 98 290. 19 290.34

288. 71 288.65

289.40 289.51

46.28

46. 11 48.33

48. 40

44 .91

44 . 97

47 .00 46.75

27.485

4 . 597 3.953

49. 195 48.884

13.428

13.466

1.5167 1.5106 0.6352

0. 5887

1. 9942 1.9916

1.0679

1.0675

1025300 1021400

427200

395800 1351000

1349300

720700 720300

0. 5999

.6003 0.6037

.6031 0.5995

0.6003

0.6019

. 6024

0.6008

0.6012

0.6039

.6032 0.6012

.6019

.6023

Table B.39 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.55 beta ratio plate with 38 pipe diameters from

the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 17 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Confisuration 13).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID

44072387- 1 44072387- 2 44072387- 3 44072387- 4 44072387- 5 44072387- 6 44072387- 7 44072387- 8 44072487- 1 44072487- 2 44072487- 3 44072487- 4 44072487- 5 44072487- 6 44072487- 7 44072487- 8 44092287- 2 44092287- 3 44092287- 4 44092287- 5 44092287- 5 44092387- 1 44092387- 2 44092387- 3 44092387- 4

Pressure Temperature Dens i ty

(kg/ra^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 4.0771 288. 41 47.99 3.183 .9009 609000 .6058 0.6059

4.0598 289. 17 47 . 65 3.185 .8976 605700 .6055 0.6056

3.8951 287.11 46.07 14.377 1.8695 1270400 . 6032 0.6037 3.8866 286. 59 46. 06 14.327 1.8675 1270700 .6037 0.5042

3.7401 288.52 43.99 22.914 2.3037 1562900 .6022 . 6030 3.7501 288.59 44. 10 22.882 2.3015 1551000 . 6014 0.6021

3.9708 290. 11 46.44 8.173 1.4211 957900 .5060 0.5062 4.0102 290.30 46.86 8. 130 1.4199 956200 .5043 0.6045

3.8964 286.80 46. 14 7.913 1.3829 940400 .6012 0.5015

3.9041 286. 56 46.28 7.892 1.3849 942200 .6021 0.5023

3.6924 288.93 43.36 23. 131 2.2783 1545000 , 5971 0.5978 3.5828 287 . 48 43.49 22.837 2.2707 1545500 . 5981 0. 5988 3.8028 289.22 44.61 15.587 1.9061 1290100 . 5983 0.5988

3.8063 288.82 44.72 15.747 1.9141 1296700 . 5989 0. 5994

4 .0211 287 .36 47.52 3.190 0. 8949 606800 0,.5040 0.5041

4 .0331 289.38 47.30 3.237 0.9017 508400 6055 0.5056

3.8593 288.22 45.45 7. 474 1.3358 905300 0, 6026 0.5028

3.8573 287 . 36 45. 58 7 . 418 1.3311 904300 0, 6014 0.6015

3. 7603 280,93 45.55 14 .400 1.8508 1278900 . 6003 0.5007

3. 7668 280. 12 45.78 14 . 184 1.8387 1273000 . 5994 0. 5998 3.6386 278. 47 44 . 50 21.373 2.2281 1551500 0. 5999 .5005 3.6975 280.14 44.93 21. 167 2.2208 1538800 0. 5980 0.5985

3.7079- 278.03 45.43 20.875 2.2169 1544000 0. 5978 0. 5985

4 .0401 290.23 47.23 3.841 0.9740 655700 0. 5008 . 6010 4.0720 291.88 47.30 2.976 0.8614 577400 . 5032 0.6033

Table B.40 Measured and calculated (piantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 38 pipe diameters f roM

the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle and 17 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (configuration 12).

Pipe Diameter = 10.366 cm (A. 062 in) Orifice Diameter

Run ID

46122988- 1 45122988- 2 45122988- 3 46122988- 4 46122988- 5 46122988- 6 46122988- 7 46122988- 8

Pressure Temperature Density

MPa (K) (kg/ra-^)

3.9216 288.72 46. 10 3.9165 288.92 46.01 3.9924 289.35 46.82

4 .0123 289.30 47.07 3.7545 288.57 44.15 3.7431 287.79 44 . 15 3.8446 288.91 45. 16 3.8371 288.22 45.19

Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe

(kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No.

6 . 9840 cm (2 . 7496 in)

C CY,

4.839 1.7351 4.819 1.7261 2.639 1.2941 2.652 1.2980 8.552 2.2539

8.484 2.2453

6.686 2.0134

6.691 2.0168

1174000 0.5042 0.6044 1167400 0.5030 0.5031 873600 0.6056 0.6056

876100 0.6043 0.6044 1528600 0.6032 0.5034 1525900 0.6033 0.5035 1362900 0.5026 0.5028 1367600 0.6032 0.6034

66
Tabla B.41 Measured and calcnlafced qaantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 38 pipe dlaaeters fro*

the elbow to the in-line tuba bundle and 17 pipe diaaeters froa the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 13).

10.368 cm Ci.oaZ in) Orifice Diameter 7.6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 46072A87- 1 3.9217 288.22 46. 19 2.810 1.6651 1128100 6036 0.6037

46072*87- 2 3.9119 286.24 46.42 2.789 1.6620 1131500 6033 0.6033 46072A87- 3 3.8136 289.50 44.69 4.750 2.1182 1432500 6004 0.6005

46072487- 4 3.8210 289.63 44.76 4.723 2.1159 1430300 6010 0.6011 46072487- 5 3.8632 287.32 45.66 3.890 1.9490 1324200 6040 0.6041

46072487- 6 3.8586 287.62 45.55 3.902 1.9492 1323500 6038 0.6039

46072487- 7 3.7201 285.85 44.21 5.890 2.3520 1606500 6020 0.6022

46072487- 8 3.7365 284.91 44.56 5.875 2.3523 1610100 6004 0.6006

46092387- 1 3.9268 283.37 47. 13 2.621 1.6200 1110400 6022 0.6023

46092387- 2 3.9347 285.41 46.85 2.634 1.6194 1104300 6022 0.6023 46092387- 3 3.8203 286.50 45.29 4 . 434 2.0577 1401500 5998 . 5999 46092387- 4 3.8125 285.72 45.33 4.531 2.0806 1419900 5997 0. 5998 46092387- 5 3.8462 285.36 45.80 3.791 1.9158 1308000 6006 0.6007 46092387- 6 3.8396 284.89 45.80 3.767 1.9085 1304600 6002 .6003 46092387- 7 3.6872 282.12 44 .45 5.781 2.3293 1606200 6002 0.6003

46092387- 8 3.5800 278. 18 45.06 5.651 2.3207 1616300 6008 0.6010

Table B.4Z Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plate with the in-line tube bundle

at the elbow and 17 diaaieters froa the orifice plate (Configuration 14).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 4.4445 cm (1.7498 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 43081088- 1 4.0643 289.19 47.70 4.953 0.6542 441400 6030 0.6032 43081088- 2 4.0575 289.59 47. 54 4.553 0.6265 422400 6033 0.6035 43081088- 3 3.8781 288.41 45.64 27.928 1.5149 1026300 6003 0.6013 43081088- 4 3.8728 288.39 45.58 27.520 1.5021 1017800 6000 .6010 43081088- 5 3.7566 287.93 44.29 49.221 1.9754 1342400 5981 0.5998 43081088- 6 3. 7658 287.82 44.41 48.795 1.9729 1340300 5989 0.6005 43081088- 7 3.9682 288.61 46.67 13.236 1.0574 715200 6024 0.6028

43081088- 8 3.9615 288.62 46.59 13.451 1.0632 719200 6014 0.6018

43081188- 1 3.9179 288.42 46. 11 13.177 1.0484 709900 6022 0.6027 43081188- 2 3.9221 288.34 46. 17 13.316 1.0556 714900 6028 0.6032 43081188- 3 3.8326 287.57 45.25 27.826 1.5068 1023400 6008 .6017 43081188- 4 3.8302 287.56 45.22 27.684 1.4957 1016000 5981 0.5990 43081188- 5 4.0144 289.21 47. 11 5.034 0.6571 443600 6046 0.6047 43081188- 6 4.0058 289.26 47.01 5.006 0.6548 442100 6048 0.6050 43081188- 7 3.7162 287.22 43.93 47.211 1.9348 1317100 6004 0.6020 43081188- 8 3.7172 287.24 43.94 46.765 1.9224 1308500 5993 0.6009

Table B.43 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.S5 beta ratio plate with the in-line tuba bundle

at the elbow and 17 diaaeters froa tha orifice plate (Configuration 14).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 5.7137 cm (2.2495 in)

Run ID

44080588- 1 44080588- 2 44080588- 3 44080588- 4 44080588- 5 44080588- 6 44080588- 7 44080588- 8 44081088- 1 44081088- 2 44081088- 3 44081088- 4 44081088- 5 44081088- 6 44081088- 7 440810B8- 8

Pressure Temperatu

MPa (K) 3.9360 288.64

3.9197 288.62

3.8229 287.73

3.8331 288.07

4.0801 289.26

4.0762 289.31

3.6799 287.47

3.6828 287.43

3.8108 287.23

3.8082 287.09

4.0090 288.55

3.9990 288.77

3.9437 287.97

3.9205 287.84

3.6887 286.90

3.5972 286. 15

Dens ity

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rat e Pipe c CY2

(kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 46.29 7.528 1.3561 917600 6036 0. 6038

46. 10 7.509 1.3489 912900 6023 0.6025

45. 11 14.587 1.8550 1259600 6005 0.6010

45. 17 14.476 1.8470 1253000 5998 0.6003

47.87 3. 105 0.8899 600200 5066 0.6067

47.82 3.117 0.8919 601500 6071 0.6072

43.46 21.505 2.2143 1507100 6013 0.6020

43.50 21.345 2.2041 1500300 6005 0.6012

45.05 14.763 1.8614 1265600 5994 0.5998

45.04 14.672 1.8546 1261500 5991 0.5996

47.16 3.151 0.8873 600000 5048 0.6049

47.00 3.176 0.8912 602400 5061 0.6062

46.50 7.387 1.3448 911300 6028 0.6031

46.24 7.320 1.3358 905800 6032 0.6034 43.56 21.804 2.2257 1516800 5988 0.5995

43.88 21.675 2.2252 1519100 5989 0. 5996

67
Table B.** Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with the in-line tube bundle

at the elbow and 17 diaaeters froa the orifice plate (Configuration 14).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (A. 082 in) Orifire Ciameber = 6.98»0 cm (2.7A96 in)

Run ID

A5080488- 1 45080488- 2 A5080488- 3 45080'.88- 4 45080480- 5 45080488- 6 45080488- 7 45080488- 8 45081188- 1 45081188- 2 45081188- 3 45081188- 4 45081188- 5 45081188- 5 45081188- 7 45081188- 8

Pressure Temperature Dens 1 ty (kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 3.6952 286.31 43.83 8.849 2.2848 1559200 6034 .6036 3.7109 285.65 44. 13 6.665 2.2627 1546300 6018 0.6020 3.8975 287.22 46.08 4. 724 :.7iie 1162700 6035 0.6036 3.8782 286. 94 45.90 4 750 1. 7090 1161900 6020 0.6021

3 . 8162 285.81 45. 19 6.557 1 .9989 1360500 6040 0.6042

3.8225 287.26 45. 18 6.605 2.0079 1365000 6045 0.6047 3.9735 287.71 46. 89 2. 591 1.2840 870300 6059 0.6060 3.9955 287.69 47.16 2.588 1.2884 873100 6067 0.5068

3.7987 286.26 45.07 5.025 1. 7461 1190300 6035 .6036 3,7829 287. 12 44 . 74 5.021 1. 7361 1181200 6025 0.6027 3.6026 286.48 42. 70 9.010 2.2655 1547100 6007 0.6009

3.6244 285.89 43.06 8.379 2.2011 1504900 6027 0.6029 3.7179 289.22 43.61 6.478 1 .9461 1318300 6021 0.6023 3.7273 290. 12 43.58 6. 527 1.9525 1319700 5021 0.6023

3 . 8391 289.79 44 . 94 2.957 i.3419 906500 6055 0.6056 3-8476 289.26 45. 14 2.987 1.3484 912000 6040 0.6041

Table B.45 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with the in-line tube bundle

at the elbow and 17 dlaaetars froa the orifice plate (Configuration 14).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Pi ameter 7.6177 cm (2. 9991 in)

Run ID

46080388- 1 46080388- 2 46080388- 3 46080388- 4 45080388- 5 46080388- 5 46080388- 8 46080488- 1 46080488- 2 45080488- 3 46080488- 4 45080488- 5 46080488- 5 45080488- 7 45080488- 8 46080488- 9 45080588- 1 45080588- 2 46080588- 3 46080588- 4 46080588- 5 46080588- 5 46080588- 7 45080588- 8

Pressure Temperatur

MPa (K) 3.9105 285.83

3. 8976 285.78

3.7856 285.46

3.7787 286.63

3.8227 287.02

3 . 8232 287 . 15 3.5959 287.65

3 . 8557 288.08

3 .8671 287.89

3 . 8553 288. 19

3 . 8015 287.58

3.8094 287. 58 3.7308 287.52

3.7278 287. 54 3.9166 288.09

3.9087 288.03

3.8357 287.94

3.8378 288.22

3.6591 287.01

3 .5599 284. 11

3 .9005 288.13 3.8956 288.03

3. 7808 287 50 3.7825 287.48

Dens i ty Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c ^^2

(kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No

.

46.48 2 572 1.5763 1074200 5955 0.5956

46.34 2 580 1.5774 1075200 5959 0.5959

45.06 4 545 2.0611 1407900 5949 0.5950

44 . 77 4 537 2.0552 1400000 5956 0. 5957 45.23 3 838 1. 8980 1291000 5950 0. 5951 45.21 3 846 1.9019 1293300 5957 0.5958 43.52 5 713 2.2786 1549900 5952 0.5963 45.45 3 692 1.8890 1281100 6023 .5024 45.60 3 715 1.8926 1283900 6006 0.6007

45.53 3 705 1.8917 1282400 5015 . 6015 44.88 4 761 2. 1233 1442700 5999 .6000

44 .97 4 788 2. 1319 1448400 5000 0.6001 44.05 5 569 2.2721 1545300 5991 0.5992

44 .01 5 564 2.2688 1543000 5988 0.5989

46. 15 2 701 1.6309 1105200 6034 0. 5034 46.07 2 723 1.6341 1107700 6026 0.6027 45.22 3 625 1.8587 1261300 5996 0.5997 45.20 3 624 1. 8575 1259600 5994 0.5995

43.29 5 90 3 2.3203 1581400 5995 0.5996

43.90 5 839 2.3213 1593200 5988 0.5990 45.96 2 636 1.6054 1088100 5025 0.6026 45.92 2 637 1.6016 1085800 5011 0.6012

44.65 4 596 2.0814 1414800 5001 . 6002 44.67 4 575 2.0782 1412700 5004 0.6005

Table B.46 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.43 beta ratio plats with 18 pipe diameters froa

the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle and 27 pipe diaaeters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 14).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (4.082 in

Run ID Pressure Temperature Dens ity Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kg/ra-') (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 43040688- 1 3.9405 289.41 46.20 27.855 1.5277 1031800 6025 0.6034 43040688- 2 3.9282 289.32 45. 07 27.299 1. 5059 1017400 6008 .5017 43040588- 3 3.8006 288 64 44 .59 49. 119 1.9834 1344200 5982 0.5999 43040688- 4 3. 7983 288.88 44.62 48.808 1.9807 1341600 5998 0.6014 43040688- 5 4 . 0420 289. 70 47 . 34 13.856 1.0902 734800 6025 0.6029 43040688- 5 4 0998 290 71 47 .84 4 . 775 0.6441 432800 5038 0.5039 43040688- 7 4 . 1179 290. 70 48,05 4 .849 0.6498 435600 5032 0.5033 43040688- 1 4 .0663 289. 83 47.61 13. 783 1.0857 731400 5001 0.6005

68
Table B.47 Heasnred and calculated quantities for the 0.S5 beta ratio plate with 28 pipe diameters froai the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 27 pipe dlaaeters froa the in-line tube bundle to the

orifice plate (ConfiBuration 15).

Pipe Diameter = 10.368 cm (A.082 in) Orifice Diameter 5.7137 cm (2.2^95 In)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2

MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No, A4072287- 1 4.0775 288.91 47 .90 3. 194 0.8998 607500 6045 0.5046

A4072287- 2 4.0648 289.00 47 . 74 3. 186 0.9002 607700 6066 0.6067

^,4072287- 3 3.8974 286. 76 46. 16 13.898 1.8375 1249700 6025 0.6029

44072287- 4 3.8931 286.57 46. 14 13.759 1,8228 1240200 6008 0.5012

44072287- 5 3. 7300 286.96 44 . 14 22.924 2.3008 1567100 6004 0.5011

44072287- 6 3.7339 288.33 43.95 22.870 2.2948 1557700 6008 0.6015

44072287- 7 3.9622 287.33 46.83 8.505 1.4476 982400 6026 0.6029

44072287- 8 3.9836 286.86 47 . 17 8.624 1.4637 994200 6029 0.5032

44072387- 1 3 . 7607 286.07 44.55 21.557 2.2461 1532600 5996 0.6003 44072387- 2 3,7486 285.39 44.63 21.462 2.2342 1527200 5993 0.6000 44072387- 3 3.9778 290.43 46.46 8.010 1,4014 943800 6034 0.6037

44072387- 4 3.9788 293.06 46.01 8. 169 1.4065 941300 6026 0,6028

44072387- 5 4.0814 289.87 47.78 3.355 0.9199 519500 6039 0,6040

44072387- 6 4 .0685 288.96 47. 79 3.335 0.9200 621100 6055 0. 5057 44072387- 7 3 . 8850 290.26 45.41 15.271 1.9084 1287100 6017 0,5022

44072387- 8 3.8893 294.75 44 .59 15.439 1,9036 1270300 5016 0,5021

Table B.48 Heasnred and calculated quantities for the 0.67 beta ratio plate with 18 pipe diameters froa

the oversized Sprenkle to the in-line tube bundle and 27 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 14).

Pipe Diameter =

Pressure

10. 368 cm (4 .082

Temperature Density

Orifice [)iameter = 5.9840 cm (2 7496 in)

Run ID Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe C CY2 MPa (K) (kg/m^) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No 45040688- 1 3,8083 289,22 44,68 6. 775 2,0204 1367200 0. 6040 0.5041 45040688- 2 3,8062 289,13 44,67 6.769 2,0247 1370500 . 5056 0.6058 45040688- 3 3,9555 289,71 45,33 2,786 1.3280 896100 . 5080 0.6081 45040588- 4 3,9441 289,69 45.20 2,834 1.3373 902500 0.6080 0,6080

45040588- 5 3,8812 289.08 45,56 4,763 1.7208 1163900 0.6076 0.6077

45040688- 6 3,9038 289.32 45,79 4,768 1.7222 1163900 0.5063 0.5064 45040688- 7 3,5921 288,50 43,43 8.899 2.2855 1551400 0.6045 0.5048

45040688- 8 3.5893 288. 16 43.45 8.817 2.2734 1544500 . 6040 0.5043

Table B.49 Measured and calculated quantities for the 0.73 beta ratio plate with 28 pipe diameters froa

the elbow to the in-line tube bundle and 27 pipe diameters from the in-line tube bundle to the orifice plate (Configuration 15).

Pipe Diameter = 10.358 cm (4.082 in) Orifice Diameter = 7,6177 cm (2.9991 in)

Run ID Pressure Temperature Density

(kg/m^) Dif Press Flow Rate Pipe c CY2 MPa (K) (kPa) (kg/s) Reynolds No. 45072187- 1 3 8285 287.84 45, 15 4,727 2. 1502 1459700 5078 0.6079

45072187- 2 3 8211 288.05 45,03 4 , 749 2, 1436 1454600 5054 0.6055

45072187- 3 3 9517 287. 17 46, 73 2,677 1,6409 1114100 6059 0.6050 45072187- 4 3 9552 287.51 45.81 2,582 1. 5451 1116300 6068 0.5068

45072187- 5 3 9193 286.96 45,39 3,550 1,9125 1299700 6062 0.6063 46072187- 6 3 9193 285.99 46.38 3,545 1.9077 1295300 6050 0.6061

46072187- 7 3 7587 287.96 44.31 5,894 2.3634 1505200 6039 0,6041 45072187- 8 3 7549 287.54 44,33 5,857 2.3511 1598500 5025 0.6026 46072287- 1 3 8929 288,54 45.79 3,848 1,9473 1318700 5058 0.6059

46072287- 2 3 8994 288,16 45,94 3,824 1,9380 1313500 6039 0.6040

46072287- 3 3 8460 287,36 45, 44 4,832 2, 1615 1458700 6024 0,5025

46072287- 4 3 8418 286,99 45,46 4,795 2, 1504 1462500 5015 0,5017 46072287- 5 3 7435 289.88 43.81 5,788 2,3202 1568900 6017 0.6018

45072287- 5 3 7499 290,39 43.80 5,755 2.3121 1561400 6014 0,6015

45072287- 7 3 9418 287.97 45.47 2,535 1.5884 1076500 6044 0.5045

45072287- 8 3 9598 288,00 46,68 2,556 1.6009 1084700 5053 0,5054 45112087- 1 3 9422 288,88 46,32 2,603 1.6063 1085200 5043 . 6044 45112087- 2 3 9424 288,82 46,33 2,596 1.6039 1084700 5041 , 6042 46112087- 3 3 9475 288,78 46,40 2,575 1.5998 1082000 6046 0,5045

46112087- 4 3 9393 288,81 46,29 2,564 1.5928 1077300 6038 0,5038

69

NBS-n4A IREV. 2-8C) U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

NIST/TN-1330

2. Performing Organ. Report N04 3. Publication Date July 1989

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Optimum Location of Flow Conditioners in a 4-Inch Orifice Meter

5. AUTHOR(S)

Susan E. McFaddin, Charles F. Slndt, James A. Brennan

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NSS. see instructions)

National Institute of Standards

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE and Technology

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

7. Contract/Grant No. 5088-271-1680

8. Type of Report & Period Covered

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State. ZIP)

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

I I Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FlPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less (actual summary of most si gnificant information. If document includes a si gnificant

biblioeraohy or literature survey, mention it here) Standards are a framework for ensuring comparable, accurate, and repeatable

results. Two orifice flow measurement standards are presently used, one in the United States (ANSI/API 2530[11) and another in Europe (ISO 5167(2]). These two standards have significantly different specifications for installations. One important specification is the location of the flow conditioner relative to the orifice plate. Several recent European research reports [3,4] have shown that location specifications for flow conditioners in the standards are inadequate. Several different designs of flow conditioners were tested by these laboratories, but these designs are not commonly used in the United States.

As a result of the European findings, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began a similar research program to determine the effect of the location of the flow conditioner using flow conditioners commonly used by the U.S natural gas industry. This research was sponsored by the Gas Research Institute (GRI). In this program, a 4- inch stainless steel orifice meter with an upstream surface finish

of 0.7 Mm (30 ^in) was tested in nitrogen gas. Four orifice plates with beta ratios ranging from 0.43 to 0.73 were tested at pipe Reynolds numbers on the order of 10*. Several types of tube bundle and Sprenkle flow conditioners were tested at five distances upstream of the orifice plate.

This research has shown that when an in-line flow conditioner is located 7 diameters from the orifice plate (the minimum distance specified in ANSI/API

2530[1] for a 0.75 beta ratio plate) the measured discharge coefficient can be as much as 1 percent less than that calculated by ANSI/API 2530(1], There was no shift in the discharge coefficient for any beta ratio when the In-line tube bundle

was located 17 pipe diameters from the orifice plate. The distance between a single elbow and the tube bundle flow conditioner was also found to be insignificant when the conditioner was 17 diameters upstream of the orifice plate.

12. KEY WORDS (S/x to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons)

discharge coefficient; experimental; flow conditioners; flow measurement; gas; orifice meter; velocity profile

13. AVAILABILITY

P^ Unlimited

I I For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

I I Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

[^31 Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

82

15. Price

USCOMM-DC 6043-P80



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