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# OAR Box 1778 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



## Document

Number: 

# 58 ) ll-B-3 3
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# A-90-0 6

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### I-B-3 3

r _m%' : -_UNITE D STATE S ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y r^wt- 7 \ Offic e o f Ai rQualit yPlannin g an d Standard s -"\ \^ -Vl-V
- ' Researc h Triangl e Park , Nort h Carolin a 2771 1

. -~t.,- ' ft \ , V 

## -'SJUNB8 7 ia^' 3 

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# %\ \ .»V- 3 H 

# * MEMORANDU M \ AA^T^B^S'- 

# \&£^' SUBJECT : Operationa l Guidanc e onContro l Technolog y fo r Ne w and Modifie dMunicipa l Wast e Combustor s (MWCs ) FROM : Geral dA . Emison , ^rec^r^JJ/^^ ^

Offic e o f Ai r Qualit y

Plannin g an

dstandard s (MD-10 ) TO : Ai r Managemen t Divisio nDirector s

Region s I , III , V

an dIX Ai r andWast e Managemen t Divisio nDirecto r Regio nI I Air , Pesticides , andToxic s Managemen t Divisio nDirector s Region s IV-an dV I -

- - _. - Ai r andToxic s Divisio nDirector s Region s VII , VII I andX A s yo uknow , numerou s question s regardin g th e selectio no f appropriat e pollutio ncontro l requirement s fo r MWC s have arise ndurin g recen t year s i nmajo r sourc e permittin g proceeding s unde r th e preventio no f significan t deterioratio n(PSD ) provision s o f Par t C o f th e Clea nAi r Ac t an dth e nonattainmen t ne

w sourc e revie w

(NSR ) provision s o f Par t D o f th e Act . Accordingly , the attache doperationa l guidanc e i s bein g issue dt o promot e consistenc y

i nmakin g bes t availabl e contro l technolog y (BACT ) determination s unde r PS Dan

dlowes t achievabl e emissio nrat e (LAER ) determination s unde r nonattainmen t NSR , andt o reduc e delay an dconfusio ni nth e permittin g process . Thi s guidanc e require s reviewin g authorities , i nconsiderin g th e rang e o f potentia l contro l option s durin g the BAC T determinatio nproces s fo r MWCs , t o conside r a dr y scrubbe r an

da fabri c filte r o r electrostati c precipitato r a s BAC T fo r sulfu r dioxid e (SO2 ) an dparticulat e matte r (PM) , an dcombustio ncontrol s a s 8AC T fo r carbo nmonoxid e (CO) . Th e Administrato r remande dt o Regio nI Xo nJun e 22 , 1987 , thei r previou s concurrenc e o

na PS Dpermi t fo r th e H-Powe r MW C t o b e constructe di nHonolulu , Hawaii . Petitioner s ha dargue dthat , (a ) BAC T fo r thi s facilit y di dno t adequatel y

justif y th e failur e t o requir e the us e o f a naci dga s scrubber , an d(b ) th e permittin g authorit y di dno t evaluat e th e effectivenes s o f aci d ga s scrubber s i nreducin g emission s o f unregulate dpollutants , a s require d \P. 3

b y th e Jun e 198 6 Nort hCount y Resourc e Recover y

Associate s PS D Appea l decisio n(o r Nort hCount y remand) . Inremandin g th e H-Powe r permi t appli catio nt o Regio nI

Xfo r furthe r proceedings , th e Administrato r mad e i t clea r tha t th e Agenc y consider s aci d ga s scrubber s t o b e a navailabl e technolog y

fo r exces s ai r MWC s tha t fir e refuse-derive d fue l (RDF ) suc ha s th e H-powe r facility . Th e attache d operationa l guidanc e state s tha t thi s typ e o f post-combustio ncontro l i s on e componen t o f availabl e technolog y fo r modular , starve d ai r MWC s and massburn , exces s ai r MWCs , i nadditio nt o RDF-fired , exces s ai r MWCs . A s state d above , th e operationa l guidanc e include s a secon d componen t o f availabl e technology , whic hi s combustio ncontro l fo r th e criteri a pollutan t CO . Sinc e th e effectivenes s o f th e tw o component s o f availabl e technolog y

i ncontrollin g unregulate d pollutant s i s a nimportan t consideratio n i nindividua l BAC T determination s (pe r th e Nort hCount y remand) , th e attache d guidanc e state s tha t (a ) aci d ga s scrubber s followe d b y fabri c filter s o r electrostati c precipitator s ar e effectiv e i ncontrollin g potentiall y

toxi c organi c an

d meta l pollutants , a s wel l a s aci d gase s othe r tha nsulfu r dioxide , an d (b ) combustio ncontrol s ar e effectiv e i n controllin g potentiall y toxi c organi c pollutants . Th e technica l basi s fo r th e operationa l guidanc e i s documente d i n fiv e report s whic har e a par t o f th e Agency' s comprehensiv e study o f MWC . Thes e volumes - ar e liste d i nth e Reference s sectio no f th e guidance . Yo u wil l not e tha t th e guidanc e indicate s "specifie d values " shoul d b e selecte d o na sit e specifi c basi s fo r severa l desig nan d operatin g parameter s o f th e facilit y

and fo r emission s o f criteri a pollutants . A thoroug hdiscussio n o f th e factor s t o b e considere d i nchoosin g th e "selecte d values " i s include d i nth e fiv e report s fro m th e comprehensiv e MWC study . A s note d unde r Sectio nV , thi s guidanc e shoul d b e transmitte d t o al l Stat e an

d loca l agencie s t o whic hPS D permittin g authorit y ha s bee ndelegate d unde r 4 0 CF RSectio n52.21(u) . Th e transmitta l lette r shoul d specif y tha t th e delegatio nagreemen t i s amende d t o includ e thi s guidance . State s whic h hav e receive d SI P approva l o f a PS D program unde r 4 0 CF RSectio n51.16 6 (formerl y

Sectio n51.24 ) shoul d als o be informe d o f thi s guidanc e an d o f EPA' s expectatio ntha t i t be followed . Attachmen t
cc : Jame s DeMocke r (ANR-443 ) Gregor y Foot e (LE-132A ) Stev e Green e (WH-565 ) Josep hE . Lee s (ANR-443 ) J . Crai g Potte r (ANR-443 ) Joh nC . Ulfelde r (A-101 ) Marci a William s (WH-562 )P. 4



### 6/26/8 7

OPERATIONAL GUIDANC E O N CONTRO L TECHNOLOG YFORNE

W AND MODIFIE D MUNICIPA L WAST E COMBUSTOR S

I . Th e Nee dfo r Guidance . Th e combustio no f municipa l wast e represent s a nincreasingl y importan t elemen t o f th e soli dwast e disposa l proble m i nth e U.S . However , th e operatio no f municipa l wast e combustor s (MWCs ) release s potentiall y harmfu l pollutant s t o th e air . Huma nexposur e ca noccu r directl y o r indirectly , andther e i s als o concer ntha t th e environmen t coul db e vulnerabl e t o long-term

accumulatio no f emitte dpollutants . EP A i s addressin g thes e issue s i na comprehensive , integrate dMunicipa l Wast e Combustio nStud y and wit hthi s operationa l guidance . Numerou s question s regardin g th e selectio no f appropriat e pollul-it» u contro l requirement s hav e arise ndurin g recen t year s i nmajo r sourc e permittin g proceeding s under th e preventio no f significan t deterioratio n (PSD ) provision s o f Par t C o f th e Ac t an dth e nonattainmen t new sourc e revie w (NSR ) provision s o f Par t D o f th e Act . Uncertaint y ove r thes e question s ha s le dt o conflic t ove r minimu m lega l requirement s andconsequen t dela y i nth e permittin g andconstructio no f MWCs . Hence , ther e i s a nee d fo r guidanc e t o resolv e controversie s whic hma y aris e a s t o facilitie s seekin g permits . Accordingly , EP A i s issuin g thi s operationa l guidanc e fo r us e i nmakin g bes t availabl e contro l technolog y (BACT ) determination s unde r PS D an dlowes t achievabl e emissio nrat e (LAER ) determination s anut i nonattainmen t NSR . EP A believe s tha t thi s guidanc e wil l promot e consistenc y i ncontro l requirements , andreduc e delay an dconfusio ni nth e permittin gP. 5

2 process
. A t th e sam e tim e i t wil l allo wpermittin g authoritie s t o giv e appropriat e consideratio n t o loca l factor s i n makin g case-by-cas e BAC T determination s a s require d unde rlaw

. I I

. Administrativ e History

. Sectio n 169(3 ) o f th e Ac t provide s tha t BAC T determination s i n PS D permit s mus t b e "base d o n th e maximu m degre e o f reductio n o f eac h pollutan t subjec t t o regulatio n unde rthi s [Act ]

. . . whic h th e permittin g authority , o n a case-by-cas e basis , takin g int o accoun t energy , environmental , an d economi cimpact s an d othe rcosts , determine s i s achievable. " EPA' s regulation s trac k

thi s language

. Se e 4 0 C.F.R

. 52.21(b)(12) , 4 0 C.F.R

. 51.166(b)(12)

. I n addition , i n tw o administrativ e appeal s involvin g
resourc e recover yfacilities , EP Aha s furthe rrefine d th e analysi s whic h permittin g authoritie s mus t conduc t i n makin g BAC T determinations

. I n Nort h Count yResourc e RecoveryAssociates , PS D Appea l No

. 85- 2 (Jun e 3 , 1986) , th e Administrato rissue d a Reman d Orde rwhic h hel d that , i n makin g BAC

T determination s fo ra regulate d ai rpollutant , th e permittin g authorit ymus t conside rth e effec t o f tha t decisio n o n emission s o f pollutant s
no t regulate d unde rth e Clea n Ai rAct

. Nort h Count yprovide d tha t th e fina l BAC

T decisio n shoul d addres s thes e environmenta l impacts , an d tha t th e permittin g authorit yma yultimatel ychoos e mor e stringen t emission s limitation s fo rth e regulate d pollutan t tha n i t woul d otherwis e hav e chose n i f i t woul d hav e th e collatera l benefi t o f restrictin g emission s o f th e unregulate d pollutant

. I n th e Nort h Count ycase , th e permittin g authorit y ha d require d th e us e o f a dr yscrubbe ran d fabri cfilte ra s BAC T fo rsulfu r dioxide , bu t ha d faile d t o conside rth e effec t o f tha t decisio n o n emission sP. 6

3

o f certai nunregulate dpollutant s - - dioxin s andfurans , heav y metals , an d aci dgase s - - o nth e ground s tha t i t lacke dauthorit y t o d o so . Variou s person s petitione dth e Administrato r unde r 4 0 C.F.R . Par t 124 . Inrespons e t o th e Administrator' s subsequen t reman dorder , th e permittin g authorit y analyze dth e effec t o f variou s contro l option s onthes e thre e classe s o f pollutants , an dfoun dtha t no othe r control s o nregulate dpollutant s woul d b e mor e effectiv e i nreducin g emission s o f th e unregulate dpollutants . Th e Administrato r the nrule d tha t th e permittin g authorit y ha d satisfie dth e requirement s o f th e reman dorder , anddenie dth e petitions . Se e Nort h Count y Resourc e Recover y

Associates , PS D Appea l No . 85-2 , Orde r Denyin g Revie w (Septembe r 4 , 1986) . Th e Administrato r rule d i nHonolul uResourc e Recover y Facilit y ("H-Power") , PS D Appea l No . 86-6 ~ Reman dOrde r (Jun e 22 , 1987), - tha t a PS D permittin g authorit y ha s th e burde no f demonstratin g tha t advers e economi c impact s justif y

th e failur e t o requir e a s BAC T th e mos t effectiv e contro l technolog y

whic hi s available . H e als o foundtha t aci dga s scrubber s ar e
a navailabl e contro l technolog y fo r sulfu r dioxid e (SO2) . Th e H-Powe r decisio nals o provide dtha t th e economi c impact s mus t b e specifi c t o th e
sourc e i nquestio nandsubstantial . Thus , becaus e th e Administrato r agree dwit hEP A

Regio nIXtha t Hawai i ha dno t adequatel y demonstrate dth e basi s fo r it s conclusio ntha t economi c factor s justifie d th e absenc e o f flu e ga s treatmen t a s BAC T fo r SO2 , h e remande dth e matte r fo r furthe r proceedings .P. 7

4
EPA toda y als o draw s upo nth e technica l dat a reference dbelow , an d it s experienc e i nissuing , reviewing , andenforcin g PS D permit s fo r MWCs . Recen t emissio ntes t dat a hav e demonstrate dtha t particulat e matte r (PM) , SO2 , andothe r ai r pollutant s (includin g organics , heav y metals , an daci d gases ) ca nb e controlle deffectivel y b y aci dga s scrubbin g device s (dr y scrubbers ) equippe dwit hefficien t particulat e collectors . Ove r 2 0 MW C facilitie s i nEurop e ar e know nt o b e operatin g wit hdry scrubber s an d particulat e collectors , anda t leas t 3 7 suc hfacilitie s ar e knownt o exis t i nJapan . I nth e Unite d States , thre e facilitie s currrentl y ar e i noperatio n
an da t leas t 1 5 hav e bee npermitte dt o construc t wit hdry scrubbin g an d particulat e contro l device s a s th e specifie dtechnology . Thirtee no f thes e facilitie s ar e expecte dt o b e operatin g b y Decembe r 1988 . Base do nthi s information , i t i s clea r tha t a dry scrubbe r followe d b y eithe r a fabri c filte r o r electrostati c precipitato r ar e "available " technologie s fo r effectiv e contro l o f th e SO 2 an dP M emitte db

y MWCs , an d tha t thes e technologie s als o ar e effectiv e i ncontrollin g emission s o f potentiall y

toxi c organi c andheav y meta l pollutants , andaci dgase s othe r tha nS0£ . I naddition , th e dat a show tha t thes e technologie s ar e reliabl e andreasonabl y affordable . Similarly , combustio ncontrol s ar e
anavailabl e technolog y fo r th e contro l o f carbo nmonoxid e (CO ) emitte d b y MWCs , an d ar e effectiv e i ncontrollin g tha t criteri a pollutan t an d potentiall y

toxi c organi c pollutants . EPA' s informatio nindicate s tha t thi s technolog y

als o i s reliabl e andreasonabl y affordable .P. 8

5 III

. BAC

T Guidanc e fo rSO2 , PM , an d CO

. Accordingly , i n considerin g th e rang e o f potentia l contro l option s durin g th e BAC

T determinatio n proces s fo rMWCs, th e reviewin g authorit y mus t conside ra dr yscrubbe ran d a fabri cfilte ro relectrostati cprecipitato r
a s BAC T fo rSO

2 an d PM , an d combustio n control s a s BAC T fo rCO

. I n orde r t o justif ya BAC

T determinatio n callin g fo ra lesse rdegre e o f emission s contro l tha n ca n b e achieve d usin g thes e technologies , th e permittin g authorit ymus t demonstrate , base d o n informatio n containe d i n th e permi t file , tha t significan t technica l defects , o rsubstantia l advers e economic , energy , o renvironmenta l impact s o rothe rcost s woul d aris e tha t ar e specifi ct o th e MW

C i n question

. Permittin g authoritie s remai n fre e t o mak e case-by-cas e judgment s i n accordanc e wit h today' s guidance

. However , base d o n th e above-reference d informatio n regardin g lega l requirement s
an d th e availability , effectiveness , an d cos t o f thes e technologies , EP A expect s tha t prope rapplicatio n o f thi s guidanc e wil l resul t i n few , i f any , BAC

T determination s entailin g applicatio n o f pollutio n contro l technologie s les s effectiv e tha n thos e calle d fo rherein

. Today' s guidanc e i s general ; i t i s limite d t o describin g type s o f post-combustio n contro l equipmen t an d t o establishin g genera l criteri a fo rcombusto rdesign , combusto roperatin g practices , emissio n monitoring , an d operato rtraining

. I t doe s no t se t specifi cemissio n limits

. Detaile d informatio n regardin g th e maximu m degre e o f emission s contro l achievabl e wit h thes e technologie s i s availabl e i n th e reference d technica l documents , th e BACT/LAE R Clearinghouse , o rfro m EPA

. Suc h informatio n shoul d b e
use d b yapplicant s an d permittin g authoritie s settin g specifi cemission sP. 9

6 limit s fo r PS D permits . I naddition , today' s guidanc e onl y addresse s contro l technologie s currentl y i nwidesprea dus e fo r MWCs , an destablishe s minimum criteri a fo r BAC T determinations . Permittin g authoritie s ar e no t relieve do f thei r responsibilit y t o consider , o na case-by-cas e basis , whateve r availabl e technologie s ma y b e anticipate dt o provid e a greate r degre e o f contro l tha nthos e addresse dtoday . Similarly , becaus e contro l technologie s an dth e othe r factor s i nformin g BAC T determination s ar e constantl y

evolving , th e technolog y providin g th e greates t degre e o f emission s contro l takin g economic , energy , an denvironmenta l impact s int o
accoun t ma y

likewis e chang e ove r time . A s on e example , flu e ga s treatmen t technolog y

fo r th e criteri a pollutan t nitroge noxide s (N0 X ) i s i noperatio n
a t on e MW

C i nth e U.S. , andthi s technolog y shoul db e considere db y permittin g authoritie s i nmakin g BAC T determinations . T naddition , emergin g technologie s ' i nflu e ga s cleanin g ma y develo pwhic hca nattai nth e leve l o f multipollutan t contro l currentl y

demonstrate db

y dry scrubbing/particulat e matte r controls ,
andtechnologie s suc ha s thes e shoul db e considere di nfutur e BAC T determinations . Permittin g authoritie s andapplicant s mus t kee pabreas t o f new developments . O f course , EP A

wil l assis t i nthi s endeavor . IV . LAE RGuidanc e fo r Nonattainmen t Areas . Th e technologie s discusse dherei nfo r contro l o f SO 2 PM , CO , an dN0 X hav e al l bee nsuccessfull y implemented , an dthu s hav e bee n"achieve di n practice " b

y MWC s withi nth e meanin g o f sectio n171(3 ) o f th e Act . Hence , i nnonattainmen t area s wher e NS Rrequirement s appl y andmajo r ne w
source s an dmodification s mus t appl y LAER , n o les s effectiv e pollutio n contro l technologie s ma y b e impose da s LAER .P.1 0



### 7 V . Implementation . Today' s guidanc e applie s t o al l ongoin g PS D an dNS Rproceedings , a s wel l a s t o al l new

permi t applications . Inconsideratio no f th e need s fo r progra m

stabilit y

andequit y

t o source s whic hhav e i ngoo dfait h relie donpre-existin g permittin g guidelines , thi s guidanc e doe s no t appl y t o PS D an dNS Rpermi t proceeding s fo r which , a s o f Jun e 26 , 1987 , fina l permit s hav e alread y bee nissue dand , wit hrespec t t o PS D permit s issue db y EPA , agenc y

revie w procedure s unde r 4 0 C.F.R . Par t 12 4 hav e bee n exhausted . Thi s operationa l guidanc e applie s t o PS D permit s issue db y EP A directl y throug hit s Regiona l office s andindirectl y throug hStat e an dloca l agencie s pursuan t t o delegatio nagreement s mad e unde r 4 0 C.F.R . 52.21(u) . Suc hagencie s wil l b e notifie db y lette r o f thi s guidance . I t wil l constitut e anamendmen t t o th e pre-existin g delegatio nagreements . [.."'/• , Regiona l office s wil l revie w al l draf t permit s fo r MWC s issue db y delegat e agencie s durin g th e publi c commen t perio dt o insur e prope r application . Furthe r progra m

evaluatio nwil l tak e plac e unde r th e Nationa l Ai r Audi t Syste m (NAAS) . I f delegat e agencie s shoul dfai l t o adher e t o thi s guidance , EP A staf f ma y

initiat e administrativ e appea l proceeding s unde r 4 0 C.F.R . Par t 12 4 i nappropriat e cases . Suc hactio nwoul db e appropriat e where , fo r example , failur e t o follow th e guidanc e result s i na findin g o f fac t o r conclusio no f law

whic hi s clearl y

erroneous , o r involve s a nexercis e o f discretio no r a nimportan t polic y consideratio nwhic hth e Administrato r shoul dreview . Se e 4 0 C.F.R . 124.19(a) . Actio nwoul dals o b e appropriat e wher e failur e t o follo w th e guidanc e resulte di na ninabilit y t o determine ,8

base donth e record , whethe r a clea r erro r occurred . I f necessary , EP A

ma y als o revok e th e delegatio no f PS D authorit y t o th e Stat e o r loca l agency . Wit hrespec t t o Stat e PS D permit s issue dpursuan t t o a Stat e implementatio n pla n(SIP ) progra m

approve db

y EP A unde r 4 0 C.F.R . 51.16 6 (formerl y 51.24) ,
an dStat e NS Rprogram s approve dunde r Par t D o f th e Ac t an d4 0 C.F.R . 51.16 5 (formerl y

51.18(j)) , EP A

expect s State s t o follo w today' s guidanc e i ngenerall y

th e same fashio na s delegat e agencies . EP A wil l us e th e guidanc e a s a referenc e poin t i nit s oversigh t o f Stat e MWC permi t actions . A s wit hdelegate dpermit s EP A wil l participat e i npermi t proceeding s and conduc t NAA S evaluations . I f agencie s processin g NS Rpermit s o r PS D permit s unde r approve dStat e program s shoul dfai l t o adher e t o thi s guidance , EP A

ma y initiat e administrativ e and/o r judicia l actio nunde r section s 11 3 and/o r 16 7 o f th e Ac t i nappropriat e cases . Suc hactio n woul db e appropriat e where , fo r example , failur e t o follo w th e guidanc e result s i na findin g o f fac t o r conclusio no f law whic hi s clearl y

erroneous ,
o r i naninabilit y

t o determin e whethe r a clea r erro r occurred . I f necessary , EP A

ma y als o cal l fo r SI P revision s unde r sectio n110(a)(2)(H) . Insofa r a s today' s guidanc e addresse s minimum lega l requirement s fo r BAC T determinations , i t simpl y implement s existin g regulation s andpolicy , includin g Agenc y

action s alread y

mad e b y th e Administrato r i nth e Nort h Count y an dH-Powe r cases . T o th e exten t th e guidanc e addresse s th e technica l issue s o f availability , effectiveness , andcos t o f contro l technologie s fo r • MWCs , i t expresse s EPA' s vie w regardin g th e prope r usage , i npermi t proceeding s unde r existin g EP A

regulation s an dSI P programs , o f th e factua l dat a containe dP.1 2

9 i nth e fiv e document s reference dbelow . Thos e document s presen t informatio n
o nth e alternativ e control s availabl e fo r MWCs , th e performanc e capabilitie s
an dcost s o f thos e controls , andth e method s fo r monitorin g andmeasurin g emission s fro

m MWCs . Factor s t o b e considere di nchoosin g th e "specifie d values " t o b e include di npermits , a s note di nth e guidance , suc ha s maximu m concentratio no f C O i nemission s andminimum valu e o f furnac e temperature ,
ar e containe di nthes e references . Thus , th e guidanc e doe s no t constitut e rulemakin g withi nth e meanin g o f sectio n307(d ) o f th e Ac t o r unde r th e Administrativ e Procedur e Act . Accordingly , i t i s no t necessar y t o implemen t thi s guidance , a s t o EPA permit s issue db

y Regiona l office s o r Stat e and loca l agencies , throug hchange s i nth e PS D regulation s a t 4 0 C.F.R . 52.2). . Likewise , regardin g approve dStat e PS D programs , i t i s no t necessar y t o revis e 4 0 C.F.R . 51.16 6 andrequir e correspondin g SI P revisions . VI . Technica l Guidance . Today' s operationa l guidanc e applie s t o thre e type s o f MWCs : massburn , exces s ai r MWCs ; exces s ai r MWC s tha t fir e refuse-derive dfuel ;
an dmodular , starve dai r MWCs . I t applie s t o thos e MWC s tha t operat e wit h energ y recover y

an dthos e tha t operat e withou t energ y recovery . I t applie s t o bot hmajo r new

andmajo r modifie dfacilitie s o f thes e types . Th e guidanc e require s tha t value s fo r emissio nlimit s an doperatin g parameter s b e specifie d i nMW C permittin g decisions . On e componen t o f contro l technolog y fo r MWC s i s th e applicatio no f th e appropriat e post-combustio ncontro l equipment . Th e EP A ha s identifie d thi s equipmen t a s a dr y scrubbe r wit hfabri c filte r o r wit helectrostati cP.1 3



### 1 0 precipitator . Th e concentratio no f particulat e emission s i nth e exhaus t gase s fro

m th e post-combustio ncontro l equipmen t shal l no t excee da specifie dmaximum

value ; an

dth e SO 2 emission s i nth e exhaus t gase s shal l no t excee da specifie dmaximum concentratio nvalu e o r th e percen t reductio ni nSO 2 emission s acros s th e post-combustio ncontro l equipmen t shal l no t b e les s tha na specifie dvalue . Performanc e o f th e dry scrubbe r
andfabri c filte r o r electrostati c precipitato r i ncontrollin g aci d gases , potentiall y

toxi c metals , andpotentiall y toxi c organi c pollutant s i s affecte dsigificantl y b y th e reductio ni nflu e ga s temperatur e whic h
occur s i nth e dry

scrubber . Th e contro l syste m shal l b e designe dan d operate dsuc htha t th e flu e ga s temperatur e a t th e outle t from th e dr y scrubbe r doe s no t excee da specifie dvalue . A secon dcomponen t o f contro l technolog y fo r MWC s i s prope r desig n
an doperatio no f th e combustio nsystem , whic hcontrol s C O an dpotentiall y toxi c organi c pollutants . Minimum concentration s o f C O i nemission s fro m MWC s ar e associate dwit hth e implementatio no f severa l goo dcombustio n practices . Thes e practice s ar e als o relate dt o th e effectiv e destructio n
o f potentia l emission s o f toxi c organi c pollutants , includin g dioxin s and furans . Concentration s o f C O i nfurnac e exhaus t gase s shal l no t excee da specifie dmaximum

value , andC O andO 2 concentration s i nth e exhaus t gase s shal l b e monitore dcontinuously . Inaddition , furnac e operatin g temperature s shal l b e no lowe r tha na specifie dminimum value , an da procedur e fo r continuou s monitorin g shal l b e establishe dt o ensur e tha t th e specifie dtemperatur e i s maintained .

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Th e capabilitie s t o contro l flo wrate s an d distribution s o f underfir e (primary ) an d overfir e (secondary ) air , t o monito rcontinuousl yC O concentratio n an d furnac e temperature , t o maintai n therma l loa d withi n a specifie d range , an d t o contro l th e proces s t o maintai n C O an d temperatur e
o f th e furnac e a t appropriat e level s ar e al l importan t t o goo d combustion

. Detaile d informatio n regardin g th e numerica l value s t o b e assigne d t o th e emissio n level s an d equipmen t desig n an d operatin g parameter s associate d wit h goo d combustio n ar e provide d i n th e document s cite d unde rReferences

. References : Municipa l Wast e Combustio n Study : Emissio n Dat a Bas e fo rMunicipa l Wast e Combustors

. EPA/530-SW-87-021 B Municipa l Wast e Combustio n Study : Combustio n Contro l o f Organi cEmissions

. EPA/530-SW-87-021 C Municipa l Wast e Combustio n Study : Flu e Ga s Cleanin g Technology

. EPA/530-SW-87-021 D Municipa l Wast e Combustio n Study : Cos t o f Flu e Ga s Cleanin g Technologies

. EPA/530-SW-87-021 E Municipa l Wast e Combustio n Study : Samplin g an d Analysis

. EPA/530-SW-87-021 F