1

NIST Special Database 30

Dual Resolution Images from Paired Fingerprint Cards

Craig I. Watson (cwatson@nist.gov)

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Bldg. 225, Rm. A216

100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 8940

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8940

NISTIR 6800

2001
i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to acknowledge the Federal Bureau of Investigation who provided funding and

resources in conjunction with NIST to support the development of this fingerprint database.
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................1

2. DATABASE CONTENT AND ORGANIZTION ................................................................................................1

2.1 CDROM LAYOUT ................................................................................................................................................1

2.2 FINGERPRINTS FROM NIST SPECIAL DATABASE 4................................................................................................2

3. DATA FORMAT ....................................................................................................................................................2

3.1 CARD SEGMENTATION ..........................................................................................................................................2

3.2 ANSI/NIST FORMAT............................................................................................................................................4

4. SOFTWARE............................................................................................................................................................7

4.1 SOFTWARE COMPILATION.....................................................................................................................................7

4.2 SOFTWARE TOOLS ................................................................................................................................................8

REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................................9

APPENDIX A. SAMPLE ANSI/NIST FORMATTED FILE...................................................................................10

APPENDIX B. SOFTWARE MANUAL PAGES. ....................................................................................................15
1

Dual Resolution Images from Paired Fingerprint Cards

C. I. Watson

Keywords: ANSI/NIST format, FBI, fingerprint, grayscale, image, rolled, plain impressions,

Lossless JPEG compression, resolution.

1. INTRODUCTION

This new NIST fingerprint database offers the user complete paired fingerprint cards that include

all ten rolled fingerprints and the plain impressions at the bottom of the card scanned at both 19.7

ppmm (500 ppi) and 39.4 ppmm (1000 ppi). Paired fingerprint cards are two sets of fingerprints

for one individual captured at different dates. This database allows a user to compare algorithm

results on two resolutions of the same image and specifically for adjusting the WSQ compression

algorithm to work with 39.4 ppmm images. This database has 36 paired fingerprint cards scanned

at both resolutions and segmented into individual fingerprint images. The fingerprint cards scanned

at 19.7 ppmm are stored on the first CDROM and the 39.4 ppmm scanned cards are stored on the

other three CDROMs (12 cards per CDROM). The segmented images are compressed using

lossless JPEG (JPEGL) compression and stored in the ANSI/NIST data format[6]. Reference

information is included in comment fields to help reconstruct the fingerprint card image if desired

as well as a human defined classification for each fingerprint image.

Software is included to access the data directly from the ANSI/NIST format or to parse the images

into individual compressed files. The included source code is written in ‘C’, and has been

developed to compile and execute under the Linux operating system[9] using the GNU gcc

compiler and gmake utility[10]. The source code may also be installed on Win32 platforms that

have the Cygwin[11] library and associated tools installed1

.

The 19.7 ppmm cards are a subset of the original data (before WSQ compression) used in NIST

Special Database 29. File names in this database are not sequentially numbered but they do contain

the same persons fingerprints for same named files in SD29. Many of the fingerprint cards in this

database were previously used to make NIST Special Database 4 [2]. Links are given so users that

may have previously done testing using SD4 can compare to results from this different scanned

version of the data if desired.

2. DATABASE CONTENT AND ORGANIZTION

2.1 CDROM Layout

The top level of the directory structure has four directories: doc, man, src and data. The PDF

version of this document is included in doc and manual/help pages for the software commands are

included in man. The src directory and its subdirectories contain software that can access the

ANSI/NIST formatted data. Since space was available the doc, man, and src directories appear on

all four CDROMs. The data directory contains the paired fingerprint cards stored in ANSI/NIST

format stored in subdirectories of 500 for the 19.7 ppmm images and 1000 for the 39.4 ppmm

 

1

 Specific software products identified in this paper were used to adequately support the development of the technology

described in this document. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment identified is necessarily the best available

for the purpose.
2

images. The first CDROM contains the 19.7 ppmm images and the last three contain the 39.4

ppmm images. The filenames (a and b for the first characters in the pair) have numbers that match

the sequence used in Special Database 29 with the extension “.an2”. Since this data is only a subset

from SD29 the file numbers are not sequential. All images in the ANSI/NIST records are

compressed using JPEGL compression. Figure 1 shows the fingerprint card image for file a042.an2

from the database.

Figure 1 Image of fingerprint card a042.an2 from the database.

2.2 Fingerprints from NIST Special Database 4

Many of the fingerprint cards used to make this database are from the set used to make NIST

Special Database 4 (SD4)[2]. The file doc/sd4_db30.log contains a complete list of the 316

fingerprint images from SD4 that are contained in one of the fingerprint cards in this new database.

The information is provided for users that have done previous testing with images from SD4. They

can compare those results to the same images captured using a different scanner/resolution.

3. DATA FORMAT

3.1 Card Segmentation

This data came from an archive of fingerprint cards that contained several varieties of fingerprint

card styles. The fingerprint boxes on the cards varied in position and style as shown when

comparing Figure 1 and Figure 2. Segmentation was done by detecting the “fingerprint layout”
3

independently for each fingerprint card. Since each fingerprint card layout was different, the sizes

of the segmented images also varied. Figure 3 shows the rolled images for the left and right

thumbs and the left four plain impressions as segmented from the fingerprint card in Figure 2. The

14 segmented images contain all the pixel data from the original fingerprint card, so a user could

reconstruct the card and resegment the data. An adaptive segmentation would be most useful for

the plain impressions at the bottom of the card because the fingerprint impressions occasionally

crossed over the boxed area used for simple template segmentation as shown in Figure 4 (file

b027.an2).

Figure 2 Fingerprint card a021.an2, shows a different card format to segment.

 

Figure 3 Segmented images for right thumb, left thumb, and the four left plain impressions.
4

Figure 4 Image where segmentation cuts through the inked fingerprint.

3.2 ANSI/NIST Format

The fingerprint cards are stored using the ANSI/NIST type-14 record format. Each fingerprint card

is contained in one ANSI/NIST formatted file that has one type-1 record (required by standard) and

fourteen type-14 records containing the ten rolled fingerprint images and the four sets of plain

impressions. The four fingers from each hand are contained in one set of plain impressions (Figure

3 and Figure 4) and the users are left to segment them on their own. Table 1 shows the layout of the

type-1 record and Table 2 shows the layout for the type-14 record (Table 16 in the standard)[6].

APPENDIX A contains a printout of the ANSI/NIST data for the 19.7 ppmm (500 ppi) version of

file a021.an2.

For the type-1 record the optional fields (1.010, 1.013-1.015) are not used in the database. The

following section describes the information in the mandatory fields of the type-1 record. Field

1.001 is the total byte length of the record and 1.002 is the version number defined by the standard

to be “0300”. Field 1.003 gives a listing of all records present in the ANSI/NIST file and it starts

with a 1 to identify the type-1 record. The next information item in 1.003 is the number of other

records present in the file, 14 for the full fingerprint card. Finally, for each subsequent record in

the file its type is listed (all are type-14 records for the database) along with a unique IDC (Image

Designation Character), which is referenced in the type-14 records. For the database, field 1.004 is

defined to be “NISTDATA” and 1.005 is the date the ANSI/NIST file was made. Field 1.006 is the

priority assigned to the transaction which was arbitrarily for the database set to “1”. The DAI in

field 1.007 was again arbitrarily set to “DAI00000” as was the ORI in field 1.008 set to

“MDNISTIG”. Field 1.009 contains the name of the fingerprint card file as the TCN. Finally,

fields 1.011 and 1.012 were set to the scanning resolution of “19.69” or “39.4”. Because all the

ANSI/NIST files in the database contain the complete fingerprint card, the only variations in the

type-1 records are in field 1.009 all other fields are the same (they were all created on the same

day).
5

Table 1 – Type-1 transition information record

Ident Cond

code

Field

number

Field name Char

type

LEN M 1.001 LOGICAL RECORD LENGTH N

VER M 1.002 VERSION NUMBER N

CNT M 1.003 FILE CONTENT N

TOT M 1.004 TYPE OF TRANSACTION AN

DAT M 1.005 DATE N

PRY M 1.006 PRIORITY N

DAI M 1.007 DESTINATION AGENCY IDENTIFIER AN

ORI M 1.008 ORIGINATING AGENCY IDENTIFIER AN

TCN M 1.009 TRANSACTION CONTROL NUMBER AN

TCR O 1.010 TRANSACTION CONTROL REFERENCE AN

NSR M 1.011 NATIVE SCANNING RESOLUTION N

NTR M 1.012 NOMINAL TRANSMITTING RESOLUTION N

DOM O 1.013 DOMAIN NAME AN

GMT O 1.014 GRENNWICH MEAN TIME AN

DCS O 1.015 DIRECTORY OF CHARACTER SETS AN

Key: M = Mandatory; O = Optional; N = Numeric; A = Alphabetic; AN = Alphanumeric

For the type-14 record, optional fields 14.014-14.199 and 14.204-14.998 are not used. Field 14.001

is the total byte length of the record and 14.002 is the IDC that was given in field 1.003 when

defining the number and type of records present in the ANSI/NIST file. Field 14.003 is the

impression type from the image, defined by the standard as “3” for “nonlive-scan rolled” and “2”

for “nonlive-scan plain.” The source agency in 14.004 is set to “MDNISTIG”, the same value as

1.008 and the capture date is set in field 14.005. Fields 14.006 and 14.007 are the horizontal and

vertical pixel size of the image. The scale units (14.008) is defined by the standard as “2” for

pixels per centimeter, so the values of 14.009 and 14.010 are “197” or “394.” The compression

algorithm (14.011) is set to “JPEGL” and field 14.012 is “8” bits per pixel. The finger positions

(14.013) are defined in the standard as described in Table 3.

The standard allows user defined comments in fields 14.200-14.998. In this database, reference

information is stored in fields 14.200-14.203. First, field 14.200 contains the pixel size of the

fingerprint card image before segmentation and 14.201 has the (x,y) location for the upper/left

corner of the fingerprint in the fingerprint card image. Field 14.202 contains the classification for

the fingerprint image. The classes used are from the ANSI/NIST standard as shown below in Table

4. The plain impressions that contain four fingers from a hand have four classes (subfields) in this

field. In addition to the primary classification, each class may also have one reference class

associated with it. File a021.an2 shown in APPENDIX A has fingers with reference classes.

Finally, field 14.203 contains the sex of the individual that contributed the fingerprints.

The last field in the record contains the actual JPEGL compressed fingerprint image. This image

can be stored in a file by itself and tools are provided to parse all the images from the ANSI/NIST

formatted file. The reference information is repeated in a comment field in the JPEGL compressed

image so that information is not lost.
6

Table 2 – Type-14 variable-resolution tenprint record layout

Ident Cond

code

Field

number

Field name Char

type

Field size per

occurrence

Occur

count

Max byte

count

min max min Max

LEN M 14.001 LOGICAL RECORD LENGTH N 4 8 1 1 15

IDC M 14.002 IMAGE DESIGNATION

CHARACTER

N 2 5 1 1 12

IMP M 14.003 IMPRESSION TYPE A 2 2 1 1 9

SRC M 14.004 SOURCE AGENCY / ORI AN 10 21 1 1 28

TCD M 14.005 TENPRINT CAPTURE DATE N 9 9 1 1 16

HLL M 14.006 HORIZONTAL LINE LENGTH N 4 5 1 1 12

VLL M 14.007 VERTICAL LINE LENGTH N 4 5 1 1 12

SLC M 14.008 SCALE UNITS N 2 2 1 1 9

HPS M 14.009 HORIZONTAL PIXEL SCALE N 2 5 1 1 12

VPS M 14.010 VERTICAL PIXEL SCALE N 2 5 1 1 12

CGA M 14.011 COMPRESSION ALGORITHM A 5 7 1 1 14

BPX M 14.012 BITS PER PIXEL N 2 3 1 1 10

FGP M 14.013 FINGER POSITION N 2 3 1 6 25

RSV 14.014

14.019

RESERVED FOR FUTURE

DEFINITION

-- -- -- -- -- --

COM O 14.020 COMMENT A 2 1 28 0 1 128

RSV 14.021

14.199

RESERVED FOR FUTURE

DEFINITION

-- -- -- -- -- --

UDF O 14.200

14.998

USER-DEFINED FIELDS -- -- -- -- -- --

DAT M 14.999 IMAGE DATA B 2 -- 1 1 --

Key: M = Mandatory; O = Optional; N = Numeric; A = Alphabetic; AN = Alphanumeric; B = Binary

Table 3 – Finger position code

Finger position Finger

code

Unknown 0

Right thumb 1

Right index finger 2

Right middle finger 3

Right ring finger 4

Right little finger 5

Left thumb 6

Left index finger 7

Left middle finger 8

Left ring finger 9

Left little finger 10

Plain right thumb 11

Plain left thumb 12

Plain right four fingers 13

Plain left four fingers 14

Table 4 – Pattern classification

Description Code

Plain arch PA

Tented arch TA

Radial loop RL

Ulnar loop UL

Plain whorl PW

Central pocket loop CP

Double loop DL

Accidental whorl AW

Whorl, type not designated WN

Right slant loop RS

Left slant loop LS

Scar SR

Amputation XX

Unknown or unclassifiable UN
7

4. SOFTWARE

The source code in this distribution has been developed using the GNU project's gcc compiler and

gmake utility[10]. Manual pages giving a detailed description of the software utilities are included

in APPENDIX B. The software has been tested under LINUX [9]and Windows NT using the

Cygwin library [11] and associated tools.2

 Most of the software came from existing code that is

distributed on our NIST Fingerprint Image Software CDROM [12]. If code was needed from a

NFIS “library” (src/lib/*) then all the source code for that library was copied into this CDROM’s

src directory. This will reduce confusion if the user is using both CDROMs, by not having two

versions of the code. The software tools (src/bin/*) cjpegb, djpegl, dpyan2k, dpyimage, and

rdjpgcom are all copied from the NFIS CDROM. Software tools an2kcard, an2kimgs, and

rec_card and the library src/lib/db30 are new source code that only exists on this CDROM. The

NFIS CDROM contains other tools for editing/converting ANSI/NIST records and

compressing/decompressing color and gray images in lossless/baseline JPEG and WSQ.

The baseline JPEG code in src/lib/jpegb uses the Independent JPEG Group’s

compression/decompression code. For details on its copyright and redistribution, see the included

file src/lib/jpegb/README.

4.1 Software Compilation

The software can be installed and compiled by first copying the contents of the src directory on the

CD-ROM to a read/writable disk partition on your computer. The directory to which you copy is

referred to as the installation directory <install_dir>.

The permissions on the copied subdirectories and the compilation scripts (named "makefile.mak")

should then be changed to read/writable. Once copied and permissions changed, the software can

be compiled by executing the following commands in the top-level installation directory on a Linux

machine:

% make -f makefile.mak PROJDIR=<install_dir> depend

% make -f makefile.mak PROJDIR=<install_dir> install

where the text <install_dir> is replaced by your specific installation directory path. Alternatively,

on a Win32 machine with the Cygwin library and utilities installed, type the following commands:

% make -f makefile.mak PROJDIR=<install_dir> \

X11_EXST=0 EXEEXT=.exe depend

% make -f makefile.mak PROJDIR=<install_dir> \

X11_EXST=0 EXEEXT=.exe install

Successful compilation under Linux will produce the executable files stored in the top-level bin

directory. To invoke these utilities you can specify a full path to these files, or you may add the

top-level bin directory to your environment's execution path.

 

2

 Specific software products identified in this paper were used to adequately support the development of the technology

described in this document. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National

Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the equipment identified is necessarily the best available

for the purpose.
8

A manual page is provided for each utility in the top-level man directory. To view a man page on a

Linux machine or a Win32 machine running a Cygwin shell, type:

% man -M <install_dir>/man <executable>

where the text <install_dir> is replaced by your specific installation directory path and

<executable> is replaced by the name of the utility of interest.

4.2 Software Tools

Some basic software tools are included on this CDROM to help the user access the images in the

ANSI/NIST records.

The software for these commands is only on this database CDROM:

an2kcard - Reconstructs the fingerprint card image from the ANSI/NIST record and writes it to a

file as raw pixel data.

an2kimgs - Parses the 14 images from the ANSI/NIST record and writes them to stand alone files.

The images remain compressed the same as they were in the ANSI/NIST record (WSQ for this

database).

rec_card - Reconstructs the fingerprint card image from the 14 images files created by an2kimgs

and writes the image to a file as raw pixel data.

The software for these commands was copied from the NFIS CDROM:

cjpegb - Convert the image to a baseline JPEG compressed file. Format is compatible with most

image viewers. Warning: WSQ is a lossy compression and recompressing the images to baseline

JPEG creates more data loss, so this should only be used, if needed, as an aid for viewing the

images.

djpegl - Decompresses a JPEGL compressed image.

dpyimage - Will display a WSQ/JPEGL/JPEGB compressed image. Only works in an X windows

environment.

dpyan2k - Will parse and display the images in an ANSI/NIST formatted file. Only works in an X

windows environment. (Note: No minutiae information is included with data in this database.

This command onlyh displays the images from the ANSI/NIST formatted file.)

rdjpgcom - Will read and display the comment fields in a JPEGL compressed image. Useful for

accessing the fingerprint reference information stored in a comment field.
9

REFERENCES

[1] R.M. McCabe, and R.T. Moore, “Data Format for Information Interchange”, American

National Standard ANSI/NBS-ICST 1-1986, August 1986.

[2] C. Watson, "NIST Special Database 4: 8-bit Gray Scale Images of Fingerprint Image Groups,"

CD-ROM & documentation, March 1992.

[3] C. Watson, "NIST Special Database 9: 8-Bit Gray Scale Images of Mated Fingerprint Card

Pairs," Vol. 1-5, CD-ROM & documentation, May 1993.

[4] C. Watson, "NIST Special Database 10: Supplemental Fingerprint Card Data (SFCD) for NIST

Special Database 9," CD-ROM & documentation, June 1993.

[5] C. Watson, "NIST Special Database 14: Mated Fingerprint Card Pairs 2," CD-ROM &

documentation, September 1993.

[6] R.M. McCabe, "Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial, Scar Mark & Tattoo

(SMT) Information," American National Standard ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000, July 2000. Available

from R.M. McCabe at NIST, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8940.

[7] "Electronic Fingerprint Transmission Specification," CJIS-RS-0010 (V7). Available from

Criminal Justice Information Services Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, 935 Pennsylvania

Avenue, NW, Washington D.C. 20535.

[8] "The Science of Fingerprints," Rev. 12-84, U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of

Investigation. Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. 20402.

[9] Linux - a freely available clone of the UNIX operating system. Learn more at

http://www.linux.org.

[10] GNU project - free UNIX-like utilities. Learn more at http://www.gnu.org.

[11] Cygwin tools - free GNU utility port for Win32 machines. Learn more at

http://sourceware.cygnus.com/cygwin/.

[12] M.D. Garris, C.I. Watson, “NIST Fingerprint Image Software,” CDROM and

documentation, 2001.
10

APPENDIX A. Sample ANSI/NIST Formatted File.

The “U

S” separator shall separate multiple information items within a field or subfield, the “RS”

separator shall separate multiple subfields, and the “G

S” separator shall separate information fields.

Type-1 Transition Record

1.001:223G

S

1.002:0300G

S

1.003:1U

S14RS14US00RS14US01RS14US02RS14US03RS

 14U

S04RS14US05RS14US06RS14US07RS14US

 08R

S14US09RS14US10RS14US11RS14US12RS

 14U

S13GS

1.004:NISTDATAG

S

1.005:20010808G

S

1.006:1G

S

1.007:DAI00000G

S

1.008:MDNISTIGG

S

1.009:a021.rawG

S

1.011:19.69G

S

1.012:19.69G

S

Type-14 Variable Resolution Tenprint Records

1st Type-14 Record (Right Thumb)

14.001:40654G

S

14.002:00G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:792G

S

14.007:756G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:1G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:0U

S0GS

14.202:WNG

S

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_01.wsqG

S

2nd Type-14 Record (Right Index)

14.001:32606G

S

14.002:01G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:796G

S

14.007:756G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:2G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:792U

S0GS

14.202:RSU

STAGS

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_02.wsqG

S

3rd Type-14 Record (Right Middle)

14.001:36622G

S
11

14.002:02G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:800G

S

14.007:756G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:3G

S

14.200:3972G

S2492GS

14.201:1588G

S0GS

14.202:RSG

S

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_03.wsqG

S

4th Type-14 Record (Right Ring)

14.001:37715G

S

14.002:03G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:800G

S

14.007:756G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:4G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:2388U

S0GS

14.202:RSU

SWNGS

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_04.wsqG

S

5th Type-14 Record (Right Little)

14.001:42004G

S

14.002:04G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:784G

S

14.007:756G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:5G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:3188U

S0GS

14.202:RSG

S

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_05.wsqG

S

6th Type-14 Record (Left Thumb)

14.001:34005G

S

14.002:05G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:792G

S

14.007:752G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:6G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS
12

14.201:0U

S756GS

14.202:LSG

S

14.203:FS

14.999:a021_06.wsqG

S

7th Type-14 Record (Left Index)

14.001:36279G

S

14.002:06G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:796G

S

14.007:752G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:7G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:792U

S756GS

14.202:TAU

SLSGS

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_07.wsqG

S

8th Type-14 Record (Left Middle)

14.001:36429G

S

14.002:07G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:800G

S

14.007:752G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:8G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:1588U

S756GS

14.202:LSG

S

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_08.wsqG

S

9th Type-14 Record (Left Ring)

14.001:38668G

S

14.002:08G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:800G

S

14.007:752G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:9G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:2388U

S756GS

14.202:LSG

S

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_09.wsqG

S

10th Type-14 Record (Left Little)

14.001:41225G

S

14.002:09G

S

14.003:3G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:784G

S

14.007:752G

S

14.008:2G

S
13

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:10G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:3188U

S756GS

14.202:LSG

S

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_10.wsqG

S

11th Type-14 Record (Left Four Fingers Plain

Impression)

14.001:106697G

S

14.002:10G

S

14.003:2G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:1588G

S

14.007:984G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:14G

S

14.200:3972G

S2492GS

14.201:0G

S1508GS

14.202:LSR

SLSRSLSRSTAUSLSGS

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_14.wsqG

S

12th Type-14 Record (Left Thumb Plain

Impression)

14.001:29523G

S

14.002:11G

S

14.003:2G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:400G

S

14.007:984G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:12G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:1588U

S1508GS

14.202:LSG

S

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_12.wsqG

S

13th Type-14 Record (Right Thumb Plain

Impression)

14.001:24483G

S

14.002:12G

S

14.003:2G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:400G

S

14.007:984G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:11G

S

14.200:3972U

S2492GS

14.201:1988U

S1508GS

14.202:WNG

S

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_11.wsqG

S
14

14th Type-14 Record (Right Four Fingers Plain

Impression)

14.001:113204G

S

14.002:13G

S

14.003:2G

S

14.004:MDNISTIGG

S

14.005:20010808G

S

14.006:1584G

S

14.007:984G

S

14.008:2G

S

14.009:197G

S

14.010:197G

S

14.011:WSQ20G

S

14.012:8G

S

14.013:13G

S

14.200:3972G

S2492GS

14.201:2388G

S1508GS

14.202:RSU

STARSRSRSRSUSWNRSRSGS

14.203:FG

S

14.999:a021_13.wsqG

S
15

APPENDIX B. Software Manual Pages.
AN2KCARD(1) SD Reference Manual AN2KCARD(1)

NAME

an2kcard − Takes an ANSI/NIST 2000 file from NIST Special Databases 29 and 30 and combines the 14

fingerprint images to reconstruct the original fingerprint card image.

SYNOPSIS

an2kcard <ansi_nist file>

DESCRIPTION

An2kcard Reconstructs the fingerprint card image for a standard compliant ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 file

from NIST Special Databases 29 and 30 and writes its contents to a new file. The output file is just the raw

pixel values for the fingerprint card image. The size of the fingerprint card image is printed to the screen so

the user can use cjpegb and convert the image into a viewable format.

OPTIONS

<ansi_nist file>

the input ANSI/NIST file

% an2kcard a001.an2

SEE ALSO

an2kimgs(1), rec_card(1)

AUTHOR

NIST/ITL/DIV894/Image Group

NIST 29 August 2001 16
AN2KIMGS(1) SD Reference Manual AN2KIMGS(1)

NAME

an2kimgs − Takes an ANSI/NIST 2000 file from NIST Special Database 29 and 30 and parses the 14 fingerprint images from the file and writes them out as individual files.

SYNOPSIS

an2kimgs <ansi_nist file>

DESCRIPTION

An2kimgs Parses the fingerprint images from a standard compliant ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 file and writes

them into individual stand alone files. The files remain in the same compressed format as they were in the

ANSI/NIST file. The output file names will be the prefix of the ANSI/NIST file with an "_" followed by the

finger number (0-14) and an extension based on the compression type "jpl" for JPEGL and "wsq" for WSQ.

For example a001.an2 might produce files a001_01.wsq thru a001_14.wsq. The decompression utilities

dwsq and djpegl can be used to decompress the files if desired. The utilities rdwsqcom and rdjpgcom

will print out the comment fields of the compressed files so fingerprint reference information can be

viewed.

OPTIONS

<ansi_nist file>

the input ANSI/NIST file

% an2kimgs a001.an2

SEE ALSO

an2kcard(1), rec_card(1)

AUTHOR

NIST/ITL/DIV894/Image Group

NIST 29 August 2001 17
REC_CARD(1) SD Reference Manual REC_CARD(1)

NAME

rec_card − Takes the set of 14 segemented stand alone fingerprint images (with the correct reference information in the comment field) and combines them to reconstruct the original fingerprint card image.

SYNOPSIS

rec_card <ofile> <14 card image files>

DESCRIPTION

Rec_card Reconstructs the fingerprint card image from the set of 14 segmented fingerprint images (with

correct reference information in the comment field) and writes its contents to a new file. The output file is

just the raw pixel values for the fingerprint card image. The size of the fingerprint card image is printed to

the screen so the user can use cjpegb and convert the image into a viewable format.

OPTIONS

<ofile> the output raw fingerprint image file

<14 card image files>

the 14 segemented fingerprint image files

% rec_card a001.raw a001_01.jpl ... a001_14.jpl

SEE ALSO

an2kcard(1), an2kimgs(1)

AUTHOR

NIST/ITL/DIV894/Image Group

NIST 29 August 2001 18
CJPEGB(1D) NFIS Reference Manual CJPEGB(1D)

NAME

cjpegb − compresses a grayscale or color (RGB) image using lossy Baseline JPEG (JPEGB).

SYNOPSIS

cjpegb <q=20=95> <outext> <image file>

[-raw_in w,h,d,[ppi]

[-nonintrlv]]

[comment file]

DESCRIPTION

Cjpegb takes as input a file containing an uncompressed grayscale or color (RGB) image. Tw o possible

input file formats are accepted, NIST IHead files and raw pixmap files. If a raw pixmap file is to be compressed, then its image attributes must be provided on the command line as well. Once read into memory,

the grayscale or color pixmap is then lossy compressed to a specified level of reconstruction quality using

the Independent JPEG Group’s (IJG) library for Baseline JPEG (JPEGB). The JPEGB results are then written to an output file.

Note that cjpegb calls the IJG library in a default color mode where one of the compression steps includes

a colorspace conversion from RGB to YCbCr, and then the Cb & Cr component planes are downsampled

by a factor of 2 in both dimensions. Due to this colorspace conversion, cjpegb should only be used to compress RGB color images.

The color components of RGB pixels in a raw pixmap file may be interleaved or non-interleaved. By

default, cjpegb assumes interleaved color pixels. (See INTERLEAVE OPTIONS below.) Reg arding color

pixmaps, the NIST IHead file format only supports interleaved RGB images.

OPTIONS

All switch names may be abbreviated; for example, -raw_in may be written -r.

<q=20-95>

specifies the level of quality in the reconstructed image as a result of lossy compression. The integer quality value may range between 20 and 95. The lower the quality value, the more drastic the

compression.

<outext>

the extension of the compressed output file. To construct the output filename, cjpegb takes the

input filename and replaces its extension with the one specified here.

<image file>

the input file, either an IHead file or raw pixmap file, containing the grayscale or color (RGB)

image to be compressed.

-raw_in w,h,d,[ppi]

the attributes of the input image. This option must be included on the command line if the input is

a raw pixmap file.

w the pixel width of the pixmap

h the pixel height of the pixmap

d the pixel depth of the pixmap

ppi the optional scan resolution of the image in integer units of pixels per inch.

-nonintrlv

specifies that the color components in an input raw pixmap file image are non-interleaved and

stored in separate component planes. (See INTERLEAVE OPTIONS below).

comment file

an optional user-supplied ASCII comment file. (See COMMENT OPTIONS below.)

NIST 02 April 2001 19
CJPEGB(1D) NFIS Reference Manual CJPEGB(1D)

INTERLEAVE OPTIONS

The color components of RGB pixels in a raw pixmap file may be interleaved or non-interleaved. Color

components are interleaved when a pixel’s (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue components are sequentially adjacent

in the image byte stream, ie. RGBRGBRGB... . If the color components are non-interleaved, then all (R)ed

components in the image are sequentially adjacent in the image byte stream, followed by all (G)reen components, and then lastly followed by all (B)lue components. Each complete sequence of color components

is called a plane. The utilities intr2not and not2intr convert between interleaved and non-interleaved color

components. By default, cjpegb assumes interleaved color components, and note that all color IHead

images must be interleaved.

COMMENT OPTIONS

Upon successful compression, this utility generates and inserts in the compressed output file a specially formatted comment block, called a NISTCOM. A NISTCOM is a text-based attribute list comprised of

(name, value) pairs, one pair per text line. The first line of a NISTCOM always has name = "NIST_COM"

and its value is always the total number of attributes included in the list. The utility rdjpgcom scans a

JPEG compressed file for any and all comment blocks. Once found, the contents of each comment block is

printed to standard output. Using this utility, the NISTCOM provides easy access to relevant image

attributes. The following is an example NISTCOM generated by cjpegb:

NIST_COM 12

PIX_WIDTH 768

PIX_HEIGHT 1024

PIX_DEPTH 24

PPI -1

LOSSY 1

COLORSPACE YCbCr

NUM_COMPONENTS 3

HV_FACTORS 2,2:1,1:1,1

INTERLEAVE 1

COMPRESSION JPEGB

JPEGB_QUALITY 50

Cjpegb also accepts an optional comment file on the command line. If provided, the contents of this file

are also inserted into the compressed output file. If the comment file is a NISTCOM attribute list, then its

contents are merged with the NISTCOM internally generated by cjpegb and a single NISTCOM is written

to the compressed output file. Note that cjpegb gives precedence to internally generated attribute values. If

the user provides a non-NISTCOM comment file, then the contents of file are stored to a separate comment

block in the output file. Using these comment options enables the user to store application-specific information in a JPEG file.

EXAMPLES

From test/imgtools/execs/cjpegb/cjpegb.src:

% cjpegb 50 jpb face08.raw -r 768,1024,8

compresses a grayscale face image in a raw pixmap file.

% cjpegb 50 jpb face24.raw -r 768,1024,24

compresses a color face image in a raw pixmap file.

SEE ALSO

cjpeg(1E), cjpegl(1D), djpegb(1D), dpyimage(1D), intr2not(1D), jpegtran(1E), not2intr(1D), rdjpgcom(1E), wrjpgcom(1E)

NIST 02 April 2001 20
CJPEGB(1D) NFIS Reference Manual CJPEGB(1D)

AUTHOR

NIST/ITL/DIV894/Image Group

NIST 02 April 2001 21
DJPEGL(1D) NFIS Reference Manual DJPEGL(1D)

NAME

djpegl − decompresses a Lossless JPEG (JPEGL) grayscale or color image.

SYNOPSIS

djpegl <outext> <image file>

[-raw_out [-nonintrlv]]

DESCRIPTION

Djpegl takes as input a file containing a Lossless JPEG (JPEGL) compressed grayscale or color image.

Once read into memory, the compressed pixmap is decoded and reconstructed to its original condition prior

to compression.

Upon completion, two different output image file formats are possible, a NIST IHead file (the default) or a

raw pixmap file (specified by the -raw_out flag). In addition, a specially formatted text file, called a NISTCOM, is created with extension ".ncm". The NISTCOM file contains relevant image attributes associated

with the decoded and reconstructed output image. (See NISTCOM OUTPUT below.)

OPTIONS

All switch names may be abbreviated; for example, -raw_out may be written -r.

<outext>

the extension of the decompressed output file. To construct the output filename, djpegl takes the

input filename and replaces its extension with the one specified here.

<image file>

the input JPEGL file to be decompressed.

-raw_out

specifies that the decoded and reconstructed image should be stored to a raw pixmap file.

-nonintrlv

specifies that the color components in the reconstructed image should be organized into separate

component planes. The -raw_out flag must be used with this option, because the IHead format

only supports interleaved color pixels. (See INTERLEAVE OPTIONS below.)

INTERLEAVE OPTIONS

For example, given an RGB image, its color components may be interleaved or non-interleaved. Color

components are interleaved when a pixel’s (R)ed, (G)reen, and (B)lue components are sequentially adjacent

in the image byte stream, ie. RGBRGBRGB... . If the color components are non-interleaved, then all (R)ed

components in the image are sequentially adjacent in the image byte stream, followed by all (G)reen components, and then lastly followed by all (B)lue components. Each complete sequence of color components

is called a plane. The utilities intr2not and not2intr convert between interleaved and non-interleaved color

components. By default, djpegl uses interleaved color component pixels in the reconstructed output image.

Note that all color IHead images must be interleaved.

NISTCOM OUTPUT

Upon successful completion, djpegl, creates a specially formatted text file called a NISTCOM file. A

NISTCOM is a text-based attribute list comprised of (name, value) pairs, one pair per text line. The first

line of a NISTCOM always has name = "NIST_COM" and its value is always the total number of attributes

included in the list. These attributes are collected and merged from two different sources to represent the

history and condition of the resulting reconstructed image. The first source is from an optional NISTCOM

comment block inside the JPEGL-encoded input file. This comment block can be used to hold user-supplied attributes. The JPEGL encoder, cjpegl, by convention inserts one of these comment blocks in each

compressed output file it creates. (The utility rdjpgcom can be used to scan a JPEG file for any and all

comment blocks.) The second source of attributes comes from the decompression process itself. In general, attribute values from this second source are given precedence over those from the first.

NIST 02 April 2001 22
DJPEGL(1D) NFIS Reference Manual DJPEGL(1D)

The NISTCOM output filename is constructed by combining the basename of the input JPEGL file with the

extension ".ncm". By creating the NISTCOM file, relevant attributes associated with the decoded and

reconstructed image are retained and easily accessed. This is especially useful when dealing with raw

pixmap files and creating image archives. The following is an example NISTCOM generated by djpegl:

NIST_COM 9

PIX_WIDTH 768

PIX_HEIGHT 1024

PIX_DEPTH 24

PPI -1

LOSSY 0

NUM_COMPONENTS 3

HV_FACTORS 1,1:1,1:1,1

INTERLEAVE 1

EXAMPLES

From test/imgtools/execs/djpegl/djpegl.src:

% djpegl raw finger.jpl -r

decompresses a JPEGL-encoded grayscale fingerprint image and stores the reconstructed image to

a raw pixmap file. Note the NISTCOM file, finger.ncm, is also created.

% djpegl raw face.jpl -r

decompresses a JPEGL-encoded RGB face image and stores the reconstructed image to a raw

pixmap file. Note the NISTCOM file, face.ncm, is also created.

SEE ALSO

cjpegl(1D), dpyimage(1D), intr2not(1D), not2intr(1D), rdjpgcom(1E), wrjpgcom(1E)

AUTHOR

NIST/ITL/DIV894/Image Group

NIST 02 April 2001 23
DPYAN2K(1C) NFIS Reference Manual DPYAN2K(1C)

NAME

dpyan2k − display image and minutiae contents of an ANSI/NIST file.

SYNOPSIS

dpyan2k [options] <ANSI_NIST ...>

-a n

-v

-x

-b n

-i

-n

-p n

-W n

-H n

-X n

-Y n

-T title

-d display

DESCRIPTION

Dpyan2k displays in a sequence of X11 windows all the image records and overlays any corresponding

minutiae from Type-9 records contained in an ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 file.

If multiple input files are specified, dpyan2k reads each ANSI/NIST file into memory and displays its contents, one file at a time. Multiple image records within an ANSI/NIST file are displayed simultaneously by

forking background window processes, one for each image record.

If an image is too large to be displayed on the screen, the upper left hand corner will be displayed and the

rest of the image can be moved into view by holding down a mouse button, moving in the direction desired,

and then releasing the button. Button presses when another button(s) is already down and button releases

when another button(s) is still down are ignored.

Users may remove a displayed image window by striking any key within that window. Once all windows

associated with a particular ANSI/NIST file have been removed, the utility proceeds to display the contents

of the next ANSI/NIST file listed on the command line.

OPTIONS

-a n sets drag accelerator to n — changes in pointer position will result in n shifts in the displayed

image [1].

-v turns on verbose output.

-x turns on debug mode, causing a core dump when an X11 error occurs.

-b n sets border width to n pixels [4].

-i directs the utility to use the FBI/IAFIS fields 13-23 in a Type-9 record when overlaying minutiae

on an image.

-n directs the utility to use the NIST fields 5-12 in a Type-9 record when overlaying minutiae on an

image. This is the default setting.

-p sets the pixel width of overlayed minutia points [3].

-W n displays image in a window of width n pixels.

-H n displays image in a window of height n pixels.

-X n positions image window with top-left corner n pixels to the right of the display’s top-left corner

[0].

NIST 02 April 2001 24
DPYAN2K(1C) NFIS Reference Manual DPYAN2K(1C)

-Y n positions image window with top-left corner n pixels below the display’s top-left corner [0].

-T title sets all image window names to title.

-d display

connects to an alternate X11 display.

<ANSI_NIST ...>

one or more ANSI/NIST files with images and possbily minutiae to be displayed.

EXAMPLES

From test/an2k/execs/dpyan2k/dpyan2k.src:

% dpyan2k ../../data/nist.an2

displays image records and overlays minutia using NIST Type-9 fields.

% dpyan2k -i ../../data/iafis.an2

displays image records and overlays minutia using FBI/IAFIS Type-9 fields.

SEE ALSO

an2ktool(1C), dpyimage(1D), mindtct(1B)

AUTHOR

NIST/ITL/DIV894/Image Group

NIST 02 April 2001 25
DPYIMAGE(1D) NFIS Reference Manual DPYIMAGE(1D)

NAME

dpyimage − displays the image contents of Baseline JPEG, Lossless JPEG, WSQ, IHead, and raw pixmap

files.

SYNOPSIS

dpyimage [options] image-file ...

-r w,h,d,wp

-A

-s n

-a n

-v

-x

-b n

-N n

-O

-k

-W n

-H n

-X n

-Y n

-n

-T title

-t

-D dir

-d display

DESCRIPTION

Dpyimage reads various image file formats, decompresses and reconstructs pixmaps as needed, and displays image contents in an X11 window. Supported file formats include Baseline JPEG (lossy), Lossless

JPEG, WSQ (lossy), NIST IHead, and raw pixmap files. Raw pixmaps containing either grayscale or interleaved RGB color pixels are supported. This utility automatically differentiates between these different formats.

If only one file (or the -n option) is specified on the command line, the image or images are simply read

from disk and then displayed. If multiple files are specified, dpyimage attempts to minimize the display

waiting time by forking a background process to pre-read images from disk. By default, the child transfers

images to the parent via a pipe. This always allows at least one image to be read in from disk while the

user is viewing the current image. Since a process writing on a pipe is blocked (until a read on the other

end of the pipe) after transferring four kilobytes, the child will only be one image ahead of the parent

except when handling smaller images.

If the -t option appears on the command line, the processes use temporary files as the means of exchanging

image data. Therefore, the child is not constrained on the number of images it may pre-read for the parent.

However, the filesystem on which the directory for temporary files resides must have enough space for

copies of all images in uncompressed state or an error may occur. This is the suggested mode for viewing

compressed images for which decompression takes considerably longer than disk I/O.

If the image is too large to be displayed on the screen, the upper lefthand corner will be displayed and the

rest of the image can be moved into view by holding down a mouse button, moving in the direction desired,

and then releasing the button. Button presses when another button(s) is already down and button releases

when another button(s) is still down are ignored.

Users may exit from the program by striking keys ’x’ or ’X’. Advancing to the next image is accomplished

by any other keystroke.

NIST 02 April 2001 26
DPYIMAGE(1D) NFIS Reference Manual DPYIMAGE(1D)

OPTIONS

-r w,h,d,wp

raw pixmap attributes:

w - pixel width,

h - pixel height,

d - pixel depth,

wp - white pixel value

bi-level wp=0|1

grayscale wp=0|255

RGB wp=0 (value ignored)

-A automatically advances through images.

-s n in automatic mode, sleeps n seconds before advancing to the next image [2].

-a n sets drag accelerator to n — changes in pointer position will result in n shifts in the displayed

image [1].

-v turns on verbose output.

-x turns on debug mode, causing a core dump when an X11 error occurs.

-b n sets border width to n pixels [4].

-N n the child I/O process is niced to level n.

-O overrides the redirect on windows (no window manager).

-k informs utility that there is no keyboard input.

-W n displays image in a window of width n pixels.

-H n displays image in a window of height n pixels.

-X n positions image window with top-left corner n pixels to the right of the display’s top-left corner

[0].

-Y n positions image window with top-left corner n pixels below the display’s top-left corner [0].

-n does not fork to display multiple images.

-T title sets window name to title [file]. -t uses temporary files to transfer multiple images to parent

[via pipe].

-D directory

creates temporary files in directory [/tmp].

-d display

connects to alternate display.

image-file ...

one or more image files whose pixmaps are to be displayed.

ENVIRONMENT

If the environment variable TMPDIR is set and the -D option is not set on the command line, dpyimage

uses this directory as the location for temporary files.

EXAMPLES

From test/imgtools/execs/dpyimage/dpyimage.src:

% dpyimage -r 500,500,8,255 ../../data/finger/gray/raw/finger.raw

displays a fingerprint image from a raw pixmap file.

% dpyimage ../../data/finger/gray/jpegl/finger.jpl

displays a reconstructed fingerprint image from a Lossless JPEG file.

NIST 02 April 2001 27
DPYIMAGE(1D) NFIS Reference Manual DPYIMAGE(1D)

% dpyimage ../../data/finger/gray/wsq/finger.wsq

displays a reconstructed fingerprint image from a WSQ file.

% dpyimage ../../data/face/gray/jpegb/face.jpb

displays a reconstructed grayscale face image from a Baseline JPEG file.

% dpyimage -r 768,1024,24,0 ../../data/face/rgb/raw/intrlv/face.raw

displays a color face image from a raw pixmap file.

% dpyimage ../../data/face/rgb/jpegb/face.jpb

displays a reconstructed color face image from a Baseline JPEG file.

% dpyimage ../../data/face/rgb/jpegl/face.jpl

displays a reconstructed color face image from a Lossless JPEG file.

SEE ALSO

an2ktool(1C), cjpegb(1D), cjpegl(1D), cwsq(1D), djpegb(1D), djpegl(1D), dpyan2k(1C), dwsq(1D)

AUTHOR

NIST/ITL/DIV894/Image Group

NIST 02 April 2001 28
RDJPGCOM(1E) NFIS Reference Manual RDJPGCOM(1E)

NAME

rdjpgcom − display text comments from a JPEG file

SYNOPSIS

rdjpgcom [ −verbose ] [ filename ]

DESCRIPTION

rdjpgcom reads the named JPEG/JFIF file, or the standard input if no file is named, and prints any text

comments found in the file on the standard output.

The JPEG standard allows "comment" (COM) blocks to occur within a JPEG file. Although the standard

doesn’t actually define what COM blocks are for, they are widely used to hold user-supplied text strings.

This lets you add annotations, titles, index terms, etc to your JPEG files, and later retrieve them as text.

COM blocks do not interfere with the image stored in the JPEG file. The maximum size of a COM block is

64K, but you can have as many of them as you like in one JPEG file.

OPTIONS

−verbose

Causes rdjpgcom to also display the JPEG image dimensions.

Switch names may be abbreviated, and are not case sensitive.

HINTS

rdjpgcom does not depend on the IJG JPEG library. Its source code is intended as an illustration of the

minimum amount of code required to parse a JPEG file header correctly.

In −verbose mode, rdjpgcom will also attempt to print the contents of any "APP12" markers as text. Some

digital cameras produce APP12 markers containing useful textual information. If you like, you can modify

the source code to print other APPn marker types as well.

SEE ALSO

cjpeg(1), djpeg(1), jpegtran(1), wrjpgcom(1)

AUTHOR

Independent JPEG Group

IJG 11 October 1997 29