PUBLICATIONS A 11 ID 7 257771

NBS SPECIAL PUBLICATION 260-90

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE /National Bureau of Standards

Standard Reference Materials:

Update of Thermal

Conductivity and

Electrical Resistivity

of Electrolytic Iron,

Tungsten, and Stainless Steel

-QC

100

,U57

No. 260-90

1984

c. 2
Tm he National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act of Congress on March 3, 1901. The Jf Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a

basis for the nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and

government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is performed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Center for Materials

Science.

The National Measurement Laboratory

Provides the national system of physical and chemical measurement;

coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and

furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and

chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, in- dustry, and commerce; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; conducts physical and chemical research; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference "Materials; and provides

calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Basic Standards2 Radiation Research Chemical Physics

Analytical Chemistry

The National Engineering Laboratory

Provides technology and technical services to the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement

capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops

test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops and proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The

Laboratory consists of the following centers:

Applied Mathematics

Electronics and Electrical Engineering2 Manufacturing Engineering

Building Technology

Fire Research Chemical Engineering2

The Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology

Conducts research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and economy in Government

operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing

the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP

voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government. The Institute consists of the following centers:

Programming Science and

Technology Computer Systems

Engineering

The Center for Materials Science

Conducts research and provides measurements, data, standards, reference

materials, quantitative understanding and other technical information funda- mental to the processing, structure, properties and performance of materials; addresses the scientific basis for new advanced materials technologies; plans

research around cross-country scientific themes such as nondestructive

evaluation and phase diagram development; oversees Bureau-wide technical programs in nuclear reactor radiation research and nondestructive evaluation; and broadly disseminates generic technical information resulting from

its programs. The Center consists of the following Divisions:

Inorganic Materials Fracture and Deformation3 Polymers

Metallurgy Reactor Radiation

'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Gaithersburg, MD 20899.

: Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303. 'Located at Boulder, CO, with some elements at Gaithersburg, MD.
Standard Reference Materials:

ATIOXAt BUREAU or STUCDAHM

IMRA*T Qcioo

Update of Thermal Conductivity and

Electrical Resistivity of Electrolytic Iron,

w

Tungsten, and Stainless Steel

Jerome G. Hust

Alan B. Lankford

Center for Chemical Engineering

National Engineering Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Boulder, CO 80303

Sponsored by: Office of Standard Reference Materials National Measurement Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director Issued September 1984
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 84-601107

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 260-90

Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 260-90, 71 pages (Sept. 1984)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1984 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402
PREFACE

Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) as defined by the National Bureau of Standards are "well -characterized materials,

produced in quantity, that calibrate a measurement system to assure compatibility of measurement in the Nation." SRM's are widely used as primary standards in many diverse fields of science, industry, and technology, both within the United

States and throughout the world. For many of the Nation's

scientists and technologists it is of more than passing interest

to know the measurements obtained and methods used by the analytical community when analyzing SRM's. An NBS series of papers, of which this publication is a member, called the NBS Special Publi - cation - 260 Series is reserved for this purpose.

This 260 Series is dedicated to the dissemination of elemental concentration data for NBS biological, geological, and environmental SRM's. More information will be found in this 260 than is generally found in NBS Certificate of Analysis. This 260 enables the user of these SRM's to assess the validity of data not available in the Certificate of Analysis. We hope that

this 260 will provide sufficient additional information so that

new applications of these SRM's may be sought and found. Inquiries concerning the technical content of this compilation should be directed to the authors. Other questions concerned

with the availability, delivery, price of specific SRM's should be addressed to: Office of Standard Reference Materials

National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, MD 20899

Stanley D. Rasberry, Chief

Office of Standard Reference Materials
OTHER NBS PUBLICATIONS IN THIS SERIES

Catalog of NBS Standard Reference Materials (1981-83 edition), R. W. Seward, ed., NBS

Spec. Publ. 260 (November 1981). Michaelis, R. E., and Wyman, L. L. Standard

Reference Materials: Preparation of White Cast

Iron Spectrochemical Standards. NBS Misc. Publ. 260-1 (June 1964). COM74- 1 1061 **

Michaelis, R. E., Wyman, L. L., and Flitsch, R., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation of NBS Copper-Base Spectrochemical Standards. NBS Misc. Publ. 260-2 (October 1964). COM74-

1 1063**

Michaelis, R. E., Yakowitz, H., and Moore, G. A., Standard Reference Materials: Metallographic

Characterization of an NBS Spectrometric LowAlloy Steel Standard. NBS Misc. Publ. 260-3 (October 1964). COM74-1 1060** Hague, J. L. Mears, T. W., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Sources of

Information, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-4 (February

1965). COM74- 11059

Alvarez, R., and Flitsch R., Standard Reference

Materials: Accuracy of Solution X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis of Copper-Base Alloys. NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-5 (March 1965). PB168068**

Shultz, J. L, Standard Reference Materials: Methods for the Chemical Analysis of White

Cast Iron Standards, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-6

(July 1975). COM74-11068**

Bell, R. K., Standard Reference Materials: Methods for the Chemical Analysis of NBS

Copper-Base Spectrochemical Standards. NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-7 (October 1965). COM74-

11067** Richmond, M.S., Standard Reference Materials: Analysis of Uranium Concentrates at the

National Bureau of Standards. NBS Misc. Publ. 260-8 (December 1965). COM74-1 1066** Anspach, S. C, Cavallo, L. M. Garfinkel, S. B. Hutchinson, J. M. R., and Smith, C. N., Standard Reference Materials: Half Lives of Materials Used in the Preparation of Standard Reference Materials of Nineteen Radioactive Nuclides

Issued by the National Bureau of Standards NBS Misc. Publ. 260-9 (November 1965). COM74-11065**

Yakowitz, H., Vieth, D. L., Heinrich, K. F. J., and

Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity Characterization on NBS Spectrometric Standards II: Cartridge Brass and LowAlloy Steel, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-10 (December

1965). COM74-11064**

Napolitano, A., and Hawkins, E. G., Standard Reference Materials: Viscosity of Standard

Lead-Silica Glass, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-11 (November 1966). NBS Misc. Publ. 260-11** Yakowitz, H., Vieth, D. L., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of NBS Spectrometric Standards III: White Cast Iron and Stainless Steel Powder Compact, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-12

(September 1966). NBS Misc. Publ. 260-12** Spijkerman, J. L., Snediker, D. K., Ruegg, F. C,

and DeVoe, J. R., Standard Reference Materials: Mossbauer Spectroscopy Standard for the Chemical Shift of Iron Compounds, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-13 (July 1967). NBS Misc. Publ.

260-13**

Menis, O., and Sterling, J. T., Standard Reference

Materials: Determination of Oxygen in Ferrous

Materials - SRM 1090, 1091, and 1092, NBS

Misc. Publ. 260-14 (September 1966). NBS Misc.

Publ. 260-14**

Passaglia, E., and Shouse, P. J. Standard Refer- ence Materials: Recommended Method of Use

of Standard Light-Sensitive Paper for Calibrat- ing Carbon Arcs Used in Testing Textiles for Colorfastness to Light, NBS Misc. Publ. 260-15 (June 1967). (Replaced by NBS Spec. Publ.

260-41.) Yakowitz, H., Michaelis, R. E., and Vieth, D. L., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of NBS Spettrometric Standards IV: Preparation and Microprobe Characterization of W-20% MO Alloy Fabricated by Powder Metallurgical Methods, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-16 (January 1969). COM74-1 1062**

Catanzaro, E. J., Champion, C. E., Garner, E. L., Marinenko, G., Sappenfield, K. M., and Shields, W. R. Standard Reference Materials: Boric

Acid; Isotopic and Assay Standard Reference

Materials, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-17 (February

1970). Out of Print

1 V
Geller, S. B., Mantek, P.A., and Cleveland, N.

G., Standard Reference Materials: Calibration of NBS Secondary Standard Magnetic Tape (Computer Amplitude Reference) Using the Reference Tape Amplitude Measurement

"Process A, "NBS Spec. Publ. 260-18 (November

1969). (See NBS Spec. Publ. 260-29.) Paule, R. C, and Mandel, J., Standard Reference

Materials: Analysis of Interlaboratory Measure- ments on the Vapor Pressure of Gold (Certifica- tion of Standard Reference Material 745). NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-19 (January 1970). PB190071**

Paule, R. C, and Mandel, J., Standard Reference

Materials: Analysis of Interlaboratory Measurements on the Vapor Pressures of Cadmium and

Silver, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-21 (January 1971). COM74- 11359** Yakowitz, H., Fiori, C. E., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Homogeneity

Characterization of Fe-3 Si Alloy, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-22 (February 1971). COM74-1 1357**

Napolitano, A., and Hawkins, E. G., Standard

Reference Materials: Viscosity of a Standard

Borosilicate Glass, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-23 (December 1970). COM71-00157**

Sappenfield, K. M., Marineko, G., and Hague, J. L., Standard Reference Materials: Comparison

of Redox Standards, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-24 (January 1972). COM72-50058**

Hicho, G. E., Yakowitz, H., Rasberry, S. D., and

Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: A Standard Reference Material Containing

Nominally Four Percent Austenite, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-25 (February 1971). COM74-1 1356** Martin, J. F., Standard Reference Materials:

National Bureau of Standards-US Steel Corportion Joint Program for Determining Oxygen and Nitrogen in Steel, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-26

(February 1971). 85 cents* PB 81176620

Garner, E. L., Machlan, L. A., and Shields, W. R., Standard Reference Materials: Uranium

Isotopic Standard Reference Materials, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-27 (April 1971). COM74-

11358**

Heinrich, K. F. J., Myklebust, R. L., Rasberry, S. D., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and Evaluation of SRM's 481 and 482 Gold-Silver and GoldCopper Alloys for Microanalysis, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-28 (August 1971). COM7 1-50365**

Geller, S. B., Standard Reference Materials: Cali- bration of NBS Secondary Standard Magnetic Tape (Computer Amplitude Reference) Using

the Reference Tape Amplitude Measurement

"Process A-Model 2," NBS Spec. Publ. 260-29 (June 1971). COM71-50282

Gorozhanina, R. S., Freedman, A. Y., and

Shaievitch, A. B. (translated by M. C. Selby), Standard Reference Materials: Standard

Samples Issued in the USSR (A Translation from the Russian). NBS Spec. Publ. 260-30 (June

1971). COM71-50283**

Hust, J. G., and Sparks, L. L., Standard Reference

Materials: Thermal Conductivity of Electrolytic Iron SRM 734 from 4 to 300 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-31 (November 1971). COM71-50563**

Mavrodineanu, R., and Lazar, J. W., Standard

Reference Materials: Standard Quartz Cuvettes, for High Accuracy Spectrophotometry, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-32 (December 1973). 55 cents* SN003-003-01213-1 Wagner, H. L., Standard Reference Materials: Comparison of Original and Supplemental

SRM 705, Narrow Molecular Weight Distri- bution Polystyrene, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-33 (May 1972). COM72-50526**

Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Standard Reference

Materials: Thermoelectric Voltage, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-34, (April 1972). COM72-50371**

Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity of

Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM 735 from 5 to 280 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-35 (April 1972.) 35 cents* COM72-50368**

Cali, J. P., Mandel, J., Moore, L. J., and Young, D.

S., Standard Reference Materials: A Referee Method for the Determination of Calcium in Serum, NBS SRM 915, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-36 (May 1972). COM72-50527**

Shultz, J. I. Bell., R. K. Rains, T. C, and Menis,

O., Standard Reference Materials: Methods of Analysis of NBS Clay Standards, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-37 (June 1972). COM72-50692**

Richmond, J. C, and Hsia, J. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Preparation and Calibration of Standards of Spectral Specular Reflectance, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-38 (May 1972). COM72-

50528**

Clark, A. F., Denson, V.A., Hust, J. G., and

Powell, R. L., Standard Reference Materials The Eddy Current Decay Method for Resistivity Characterization of High-Purity Metals, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-39 (May 1972). COM72-50529**

V
McAdie, H. G., Garn, P.D., and Menis, O., Standard Reference Materials: Selection of Thermal

Analysis Temperature Standards Through a Cooperative Study (SRM 758, 759, 760), NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-40 (August 1972.) COM72-

50776** Wood, L. A., and Shouse, P. J., Standard

Reference Materials: Use of Standard LightSensitive Paper for Calibrating Carbon Arcs Used in Testing Textiles for Colorfastness to Light, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-41 (August 1972) COM72-50775**

Wagner, H. L. and Verdier, P. H., eds., Standard

Reference Materials: The Characterization of Linear Polyethylene, SRM 1475, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-42 (September 1972). COM72-

50944**

Yakowitz, H., Ruff, A. W., and Michaelis, R. E., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and Homogeneity Characterization of an Austenitic Iron-Chromium-Nickel Alloy, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-43 (November 1972). COM73-50760**

Schooley, J. F., Soulen, R. J., Jr., and Evans, G. A.,

Jr., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and Use of Superconductive Fixed Point

Devices, SRM 767, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-44 (December 1972). COM73-50037**

Greifer, B., Maienthal, E. J. Rains, T. C, and

Rasberry, S. D., Standard Reference Materials: Powdered Lead-Based Paint, SRM 1579, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-45 (March 1973). COM73-

50226**

Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and

Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials: Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM's 735 and

798, from 4 to 1200 k, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-46 (March 1975). SN003-003-0 1278-5 Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: Electrical Resistivity of Electrolytic Iron, SRM 797, and Austenitic Stainless Steel, SRM 798, from 5 to 280 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-47 (February

1974). COM74-50176** Mangum, B. W., and Wise, J. A., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Description and Use of Precision Thermometers for the Clinical Laboratory,

SRM 933 and SRM 934, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-48 (May 1974). 60 cents* SN003-003-0 1278-5 Carpenter, B. S., and Reimer, G. M., Standard

Reference Materials Calibrated Glass Standards for Fission Track Use, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-49 (November 1974). COM74-51185

Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials:

Electrolytic Iron, SRM's 734 and 797 from 4 to 1000 K,. NBS Spec. Publ. 260-50 (June 1975). $1.00* SN003-003-0 1425-7 Mavrodineanu, R., and Baldwin, J. R., Standard

Reference Materials: Glass Filters As a Standard Reference Material for Spectrophotometry;

Selection; Preparation; Certification; Use-SRM

930, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-51 (November 1975). $1.90* SN003-003-01481-8

Hust, J. G., and Giarratano, P. J., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity Standard Reference Materials 730 and 799, from 4 to 3000 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-52 (September 1975). $1.05* SN003-003-

01464-8 Durst, R. A., Standard Reference Materials: Standardization of pH Measurements, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-53 (December 1975, Revised). $1.05 SN003-003-01551-2

Burke, R. W., and Mavrodineanu, R. Standard

Reference Materials: Certification and Use of Acidic Potassium Dichromate Solutions as an

Ultraviolet Absorbance Standard, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-54 (August 1977). $3.00* SN003-003-

01828-?\

Ditmars, D. A., Cezairliyan, A., Ishihara, S., and

Douglas, T. B., Standard Reference Materials: Enthalpy and Heat Capacity; Molybdenum

SRM 781, from 273 to 2800 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-55 (September 1977). $2.20* SN003-003-

01836-8

Powell, R. L., Sparks, L. L., and Hust, J. G., Standard Reference Materials: Standard

Thermocouple Materials, Pt.67: SRM 1967, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-56 (February 1978). $2.20* SN003-003-0 18864

Cali, J. P. and Plebanski, T., Guide to United

States Reference Materials, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-57 (February 1978). $2.20* PB 277173

Barnes, J. D., and Martin, G. M., Standard Refer- ence Materials: Polyester Film for Oxygen Gas

Transmission Measurements SRM 1470, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-58 (June 1979) $2.00* SN003-

003-02077 Chang, T., and Kahn, A. H. Standard Reference

Materials: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Intensity Standard; SRM 2601, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-59 (August 1978) $2.30* SN003-

003-01975-5

vi
Velapoldi, R. A., Paule, R. C, Schaffer, R., Mandel, J., and Moody, J. R., Standard Refer- ence Materials: A Reference Method for the Determination of Sodium in Serum, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-60 (August 1978). $3.00* SN003-003

01978-0

Verdier, P. H., and Wagner. H. L., Standard Refer- ence Materials: The Characterization of Linear Polyethylene (SRM 1482, 1483, 1484), NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-61 (December 1978). $1.70* SN003-003-02006-1

Soulen, R. J., and Dove, R. B., Standard Reference

Materials: Temperature Reference Standard

for Use Below 0.5 K (SRM 768). NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-62 (April 1979). $2.30* SN003-003-

02047-8 Velapoldi, R. A., Paule, R. C, Schaffer, R. Mandel, J., Machlan, L. A., and Gramlich, J. W., Standard Reference Materials: A Reference Method for the Determination of Potassium in Serum. NBS Spec. Publ. 260-63 (May 1979). $3.75* SN003-003-02068

Velapoldi, R. A., and Mielenz, K. D., Standard

Reference Materials: A Fluorescence Standard

Reference Material Quinine Sulfate Dihydrate (SRM 936), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-64 (January

1980). $4.25* SN003-003-02148: 2 Marinenko, R. B., Heinrich, K. F. J., and Ruegg,

F. C, Standard Reference Materials: Micro- Homogeneity Studies of NBS Standard Reference

Materials, NBS Research Materials, and Other Related Samples. NBS Spec. Publ. 260-65

(September 1979). $3.50* SN003-003-021 14-1 Venable, W. H., Jr., and Eckerle, K. L., Standard

Reference Materials: Didymium Glass Filters for Calibrating the Wavelength Scale of Spectro- photometers (SRM 2009, 2010, 2013). NBS Spec. Publ. 260-66 (October 1979). $3.50* SN003-003-

02127-0

Velapoldi, R. A., Paule, R. C, Schaffer, R., Mandel,

J., Murphy, T. J., and Gramlich, J. W., Standard

Reference Materials: A Reference Method for the Determination of Chloride in Serum, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-67 (November 1979). $3.75* SN003-

003-02136-9 Mavrodineanu, R. and Baldwin, J. R., Standard

Reference Materials: Metal-On-Quartz Filters as a Standard Reference Material for Spectrophoto- metry-SRM 2031, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-68

(April 1980). $4.25* SN003-003-02 167-9

Velapoldi, R. A., Paule, R. C, Schaffer, R., Mandel, J., Machlan, L. A., Garner, E. L., and

Rains, T. C, Standard Reference Materials: A

Reference Method for the Determination of Lithium in Serum, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-69 (July)

1980). $4.25* SN003-003-02214-4 Marinenko, R. B., Biancaniello, F., Boyer, P. A., Ruff, A. W., DeRobertis, L., Standard Reference

Materials: Preparation and Characterization of an Iron-Chromium-Nickel Alloy for Microanalysis, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-70 (May 1981). $2.50* SN003-003-02328-1 Seward, R. W., and Mavrodineanu, R., Standard

Reference Materials: Summary of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Issued by the National Bureau of Standards, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-71 (November 1981). $6.50* SN003-003-02381-7

Reeder, D.J., Coxon, B., Enagonio, D., Christensen,

R. G., Schaffer, R., Howell, B. F., Paule, R. C,

Mandel, J., Standard Reference Materials: SRM

900, Antiepilepsy Drug Level Assay Standard, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-72 (June 1981). $4.25* SN003-003-02329-9

Interrante, C. G., and Hicho, G. E., Standard Refer- ence Materials: A Standard Reference Material Containing Nominally Fifteen Percent Austenite (SRM 486), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-73 (January

1982). $2.75* SN003-003-02386-8 Marinenko, R. B., Standard Reference Materials: Preparation and Characterization of K-411 and

K-414 Mineral Glasses for Microanalysis: SRM

470. NBS Spec. Publ. 260-74 (April 1982). $3.50 SN003-003-023-95-7

Weidner, V. R., Hsia, J. J., Standard Reference

Materials: Preparation and Calibration of First Surface Aluminum Mirror Specular Reflectance Standards (SRM 2003a), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-75 (May 1982). $3.75 SN003-003-023-99-0

Hicho, G. E. and Eaton, E. E., Standard Reference Materials: A Standard Reference Material

Containing Nominally Five Percent Austenite (SRM 485a), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-76 (August

1982). $3.50 SN003-003-024-33-3 Furukawa, G. T, Riddle, J. L., Bigge, W. G., and

Pfieffer, E. R., Standard Reference Materials: Application of Some Metal SRM's as Thermometric Fixed Points, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-77 (August 1982). $6.00 SN003-003-024-34-1

vii
Hicho, G. E. and Eaton, E. E., Standard Reference

Materials: Standard Reference Material Containing Nominally Thirty Percent Austenite (SRM)

487), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-78 (September 1982). $3.75 SNO03-OO3-024-35-0 Richmond, J. C, Hsia, J. J. Weidner, V. R., and

Wilmering, D. B., Standard Reference Materials: Second Surface Mirror Standards of Specular

Spectral Reflectance (SRM's 2023, 2024, 2025), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-79 (October 1982). $4.50 SN003-003-024-47-3

Schaffer, R., Mandel, J., Sun, T., Cohen, A., and

Hertz, H. S., Standard Reference Materials: Evaluation by an ID/ MS Method of the AACC

Reference Method for Serum Glucose, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-80 (October 1982). $4.75 SN003-

003-02^43-1

Burke, R. W., Mavrodineanu, R. (NBS retired), Standard Reference Materials: Accuracy in Analytical Spectrophotometry, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-81 (April 1983). $6.00 SN003-O03-024-84-8

Weidner, V. R., Standard Reference Materials: White Opal Glass Diffuse Spectral Reflectance Standard for the Visible Spectrum (SRM 2015 and 2016), NBS Spec. Publ. 260-82 (April 1983). $3.75 SN-OO3-OO3-024-89-9

Bowers. G. N., Jr., Alvarez, R., Cali, J. P. (NBS

retired), Eberhardt, K. R., Reeder, D. J., Schaffer, R., Uriano, G. A., Standard Reference

Materials: The Measurement of the Catalytic

(Activity) Concentration of Seven Enzymes in NBS Human Serum SRM 909, NBS Spec.

Publ. 260-83 (June 1983). $4.50 SN003-003-024-

99-6

Gills, T E., Seward, R. W„ Collins, R. J., and

Webster, W. C. Standard Reference Materials: Sampling, Materials Handling, Processing, and

Packaging of NBS Sulfur in Coal Standard

Reference Materials, 2682, 2683, 2684, and 2685, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-84 (August 1983). $4.50 SN003-O03-025-20-8

Swyt, D. A., Standard Reference Materials: A Look

at Techniques for the Dimensional Calibration of Standard Microscopic Particles, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-85 (September 1983). $5.50 SN003-003-

025-21-6 Hicho, G. E. and Eaton, E. E., Standard Reference Materials: A Standard Reference Material

Containing Two and One-Half Percent Austenite, SRM 488, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-86 (December

1983). $1.75* SN0O3-0O3-025^1-l Mangum, B. W., Standard Reference Materials: SRM 1969: Rubidium Triple-Point - A Temperature Reference Standard Near 39.30 °C, NBS

Spec. Publ. 260-87 (December 1983). $2.25* SN003-003-025-44-5

Gladney, E. S., Burns, C. E., Perrin, D. R., Roelandts, I., and Gills, T. E., 1982 Compilation

of Elemental Concentration Data for NBS

Biological, Geological, and Environmental

Standard Reference Materials. NBS Spec. Publ. 260-88 (March 1984). SN003-OO3-02565-8

Hust, J. G., A Fine-Grained, Isotropic Graphite for Use as NBS Thermophysical Property RM's from

5 to 2500 K, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-89 (In Press). Hust, J. G., and Lankford, A. B., Update of Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of

Electrolytic Iron, Tungsten, and Stainless Steel, NBS Spec. Publ. 260-90 (In Press).

* Send order with remittance to Superintendent

of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402. Remittance from

foreign countries should include an additional one-fourth of the purchase price for postage. ** May be ordered from: National Technical Information Services (NTIS). Springfield

Virginia 22151.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page Preface iii Abstract 1

1. Introduction 1 2. New Measurements 2 2.1 Low Temperatures 2 2.2 High Temperatures 2

3. Data Analysis 3 3.1 Electrolytic Iron 5 3.1.1 List of Figures for Electrolytic Iron 7 3.2 Tungsten 14 3.2.1 List of Figures for Tungsten 16 3.3 Stainless Steel . 31 3.3.1 List of Figures for Stainless Steel 33

4. Recommended Values 44

4.1 List of Figures and Tables 45

5. Summary 58

6. Acknowledgments 58

7. References 59

ix

Update of Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of Electrolytic Iron, Tungsten, and Stainless Steel

J. G. Hust and A. B. Lankford

Chemical Engineering Science Division

Center for Chemical Engineering

National Bureau of Standards

Boulder, Colorado 80303

An update is given of the thermal conductivity and electrical resis- tivity of the metals: electrolytic iron, tungsten, and stainless steel. This document describes the measurement effort that has occurred since the establishment of these SRM's. New data are presented and, based on these,

changes in the recommended values are described. The new recommended values

are presented in the form of equations, graphs, and tables. The temperature

ranges included are: 2 to 1000 K for electrolytic iron, 2 to 3000 K for tungsten, and 2 to 1200 K for stainless steel. Key words: electrical resistivity; electrolytic iron; Lorenz ratio; stainless steel; Standard Reference Material; thermal conductivity; tungsten.

1. Introduction

The first Standard Reference Materials (SRM's) for transport properties issued by the Office of Standard Reference Materials (OSRM) of the National Bureau

of Standards (NBS) were described by Hust and Sparks [1-31. Later, the certification data for these SRM's were extended to higher temperatures as described by Hust and Giarratano [4-6]. Additional data and information on this original work

can be found in refs. 7 through 11. These SRM's, in addition to serving as the basis for apparatus calibration in the technical community, drew the attention of

the Task Group on Thermophysical Properties of Solids, Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA). This Task Group, originally chaired by Y. S. Touloukian of the Thermophysical Properties Research Center, Purdue (TPRC) and now chaired by M. L. Minges of the Air Force Materials Laboratory, Dayton (AFML), undertook a program to intercompare the thermophysical property measurement capa- bilities of numerous laboratories on a world-wide basis. A secondary purpose was

to improve existing SRM's and establish new SRM's where needed. As a conse- quence, the three NBS SRM's (electrolytic iron, tungsten, and stainless steel)* were chosen for measurement by the participating laboratories. In addition, AXM5Q1 graphite was included in the program.

As a consequence of this program, along with related activities, a considerable number of new measurements were made available. The purpose of this docu- ment is to describe the new measurements and use them to improve the recommended

values and uncertainty in the values for these materials. The graphite data gen- erated by this program are described in another NBS Special Publication of this series (in press). A description of the CODATA program has been given by

Minges [12]. *These materials are currently available from the Office of Standard Reference

Materials as SRM 1460-1462 (stainless steel), RM 8420 and 8421 (electrolytic

iron) and RM 8422 and 8423 (sintered tungsten).

1
2. New Measurements

For convenience, the new measurements are divided into two categories,

a) Low temperatures and b) High temperatures. The dividing line between these

two categories is taken to be approximately 300 K. For the most part, these new

data have been published in the open literature; however, in a few instances the data are referenced by private communication only. The low temperature measurements were coordinated by Dr. R. Berman, Oxford University, the high temperature measurements by Dr. M. L. Minges, Air Force Materials Laboratory under the auspices of the CODATA Task Group on Thermophysical Properties of Solids. J. G. Hust was responsible for specimen charac- terization and distribution as well as specimen collection, post characterization, and final data analysis.

2.1 Low Temperature Measurements

The most significant low temperature measurements conducted on these materials are described by Berman, et al . [13]. The measurements include only values

of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. Measurements were conducted

by other laboratories but they were unpublished and judged to be unreliable by the coordinator. The data described by Berman, et al . [13] will be identified in this document according to the measurement facility, e.g., Leeds (Physics Department, University of Leeds, U.K.), NML (CS*IR0, Division of Applied Physics,

National Measurement Laboratory, Sydney, Australia), and NBS. The uncertainty

from these sources is estimated to be about one percent for electrical resis- tivity, and two to four percent for thermal conductivity. In general , these data agree quite well with each other and the original NBS data. The largest deviations occur at the lowest temperatures, i.e., in the vicinity of the peak in the

X curve and below.

2.2 High Temperature Measurements

The new high temperature measurements summarized in Table 1 on these materials include: thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal expansion, specific heat, and Seebeck coefficient. Although it would be desirable to analyze each of these measured properties at this time,

funding limitations restrict this document to the analysis of thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity only. It is anticipated that the measurements of the other properties will be analyzed in the future. The results of these future analyses will be the basis for recommended values for the additional properties.

The data that have been obtained since 1979 are summarized below. The experimental data have been corrected for thermal expansion by the participants. No further corrections were performed.

The high temperature electrical resistivity data are believed accurate to about one to two percent. The thermal conductivity data accuracy varies from about one to five percent. Exceptions are noted in the section on data analysis

(Section 3).

2
Table 1.

Materials Properties

Temperature

Range

(K) Reference

Arc-Cast Tungsten

Sintered Tungsten

Tungsten

D X,p

X X,p,C

p ,D Cp »p

500-2400

349-1266

293-773 1300-2600 2000-3600

14

1920

22

18

Electrolytic Iron 296-1373 15

Stainless Steel D X,p,S

D X,p

286-1450

4-1100 500-1200

322- 1173

323- 773 320-800 450-1000

X = Thermal Conductivity

p = Electrical Resistivity

D = Thermal Diffusivity

S = Seebeck Coefficient

Cp = Specific Heat

15

16

172123

2425

3. Data Analysis

The data analysis for each of the materials was performed using both the old and new data. An equation was developed to describe the temperature dependence

of each property for each material. In the case of the purer metal SRM's, iron and tungsten, these equations include the dependence on impurity variations.

These equations were used to examine the detailed differences between the data sets. Finally, the equations were used to establish smoothed recommended values

for each property and SRM.

3
The general form of the thermal conductivity equation for the pure metals,

iron, and tungsten is given by

where

X = (WQ

+ W. + WJ-1 (3.1)

p o W

Q

= 3/T, where 3=7^ (3.2)

o

where L0

= the Sommerfeld value of the Lorenz ratio = 2.443 x 10"8

P. W. = Pj T V(l + P

2 P3 T ' ' exp(-(P

5/T)

u

)) + W

c (3.3)

and

The general form of the electrical resistivity equation is given by

p

=

po + p

i + p io (3 ' 5)

where p 0

= residual electrical resistivity

P

2 , (P

2 +P4

) Pi = P

x T 7(1 + PX P3 T ' " exp(-(P5 /T)

u

)) + p

c (3.6)

and

'io

= P

7 "W^iV (3 - 7)

Wc and pc are empirical functions chosen to represent the undulatory

systematic residuals in the fit of the data. These equations are chosen so they

can be programmed easily on small calculators requiring a minimum of precision in the parameters. They also maintain a theoretical basis at low temperatures.

4
3.1 Electrolytic Iron The experimental thermal conductivity data reported for this RM are illus- trated in figure 3.1.1. The high temperature data of Fulkerson, et al . [26] are

included because their data is the basis of the previous SRM certification in this temperature range. Unfortunately, no new data in this range were estab1 ished.The identification of each data source is difficult in figure 3.1.1, how- ever, it is more clear in the later deviation plots. Equation 3.1 was fitted to

these data by nonlinear least squares techniques, and the resulting parameters

are

P

x = 274.6 x 10"tt P

5

= 245.4

P

2

= 1.757 P

6

= 1.375

P

3

= 1.5167 x 1CT P

? = 0.0

P4

= -1.22

where X is in W»m «K and T in K. The residuals were represented by

W

c

= -0.004 *n(T/440) exp(-(*n(T/650)/0.8) 2

)

-0.002 *n(T/90) exp(-Un(T/90)/0.45) 2

) (3.8)

where W

Q and T are in m.K.W and K, respectively.

To obtain a good fit at low temperatures, it was found that the experimental

value of 3 had to be multiplied by 0.98. This is equivalent to a Lorenz ratio 2% higher than the Sommerfeld value. The resulting deviations of the experimental

data from this equation are illustrated in figure 3.1.2.

The deviations of the previously recommended thermal conductivity values for this RM are illustrated in figure 3.1.3. It is noted that the most significant

change is below 30 K. Otherwise the differences are within the combined uncer- tainties of the recommended values.

The previous certification indicated that if a prescribed heat treatment was followed, the resulting specimen would have a specified residual electrical re- sistivity, p 0

. The recent work has shown that this is not the case and the form of equation (3.1) contains the proper correction for variations in p0

.

5
The experimental electrical resistivities for this RM are illustrated in figure 3.1.4. Again, no new high temperature data are available. Equation (3.5) was fitted by nonlinear least squares to these data. The resulting parameters

are

P

1 = 42.17 x 10" 16

P

5 = 178.5

P2

= 3.243 P

6

= 1.98

P3

= 7.638 x 10

11

P

7 = 0.05944

P4

= 1.95

where p is in ft.m and T is in K.

The residuals were represented by

p = 3 x 10" 8 Jtn(T/370) exp(-(jin(T/600)/0.6) 2

)

- 3 x 10"9 *n(T/105) exp(-Un(T/120)/0.45) 2

;

(3.9)

where pc and T are in ft.m and K, respectively.

The resulting deviations of the experimental data from this equation are illustrated in figure 3.1.5. The deviations of the previously recommended values are shown in figure 3.1.6.

6
3.1.1 List of Figures and Tables for Electrolytic Iron Page

Figure 3.1.1 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the electrolytic iron RM from the following sources:

(8, 13, 26) 8 Figure 3.1.2 Thermal conductivity deviations of the electrolytic

iron RM data of the following references from equation (3.1): (8, 13, 26) 9 Figure 3.1.3 Deviations of the previously recommended thermal conductivity values (6) from equation (3.1) 10 Figure 3.1.4 Experimental electrical resistivity data for the electrolytic iron RM from the following sources:

(8, 13, 26) 11 Figure 3.1.5 Electrical resistivity deviations of the electrolytic

iron RM data of the following references from equation (3.5): (3, 13, 26) 12 Figure 3.1.6 Deviations of the previously recommended electrical resistivity values (5) from equation (3.5) 13

7
i ' i ' i i i i i

' i '

i g»tarp i i i i

i

100

3

>^ 60

E-O

§

40 o

I

' I ' I III

A*

An

20

10 Ufa! ill Ml I i I I I i I Mil J—I I i I i I i I 10 20 40 100 TEMPERATURE,

K

200 400

Figure 3.1.1 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the

electrolytic Iron RM from the following eourcee:

(8,13,26)

O- (26), A- (8), - (13), V- (13),

O- (13), +- (13)

8
7.5 i

i

i i

i

i i i i | i

i

i

i ii

i i

i

i i i i |

i

i

i

i

i

i

i ii

i I I I

_J 2.5

cnoi CDo

o

V A V$V» Y $

AO

-o~_o- oo. >

LiJ Q

CD

-2.5 -

-5

-7.5 -

if'

10 I i I i I i I I I t I I i I i I i I I I I I I i I i I i I i I I I I 10 20 40 100 TEMPERRTURE,K

200 400

Figure 3.1.2 Thermal conductivity deviations of the electrolytic Iron

RM data of the following references from eq.(3.1):

(8,13,26)

O- (26), A- (8), - (13), V- (13) O- (13)

9
o

i COCDO 0

CJ

I

1 1 I I I

I

I

1

I

1 I1 I

1

I I I 1I

1

I

1

I

1 I I I I

o o

-2

.3 r 1 1 1 1 1 m 1

0 o O o

o o o o

o

o o °o

III I I I I 11

10 20 40 100 200 400 TEMPERRTURE,K

1000

Figure 3.1.3 Deviations of the previously recommended thermal

conductivity values (6) from eq.(3.1).

10
M l I I I |

I

'

I ' I I

' I I I I | I ' I

' I ML 1

400

c

200 — 100

CO

I—

COQJ

c£ 40 eng 20 o

LJ

10 -

a g a sag a bbbbbh b

A A AAA A AA A ^

' ' '

I

1 •1 i i i i i .i.i.i iii

10 20 40 100 TEMPERRTURE,K200 400

Figure 3.1.4 Experimental electrical resistivity data for the

electrolytic Iron RM from the following sources: (8,13,26)

O- (26), A- (8), - (13), 7- (13)

11
0.5 O

_

o u

I CO

CDo -0.5

O

E—

O

Q_

1.5

M l I I I |

A* „VV V

I

' I

7 A

9n D

EL A-v

-n—7-

i i ' '

l v^7 v v

v v n a

i i

' i i

9 d °d'

III 1 III i i i i i

oo

I I I I I II

10 20 40 100 200 TEMPERATURE,

400

Figure 3.1.5 Electrical resistivity deviations of the electrolytic Iron RM data of the following references from eq. (3.5)

(8,13,26)

O- (26), A- (8), - (13), V- (13)

12
0.5 oI COCOO -0.5

L2O

-1

-1.5

l

1

I l I I |

' I

' l ' l' I' I I I I

|

o 0

I

I ' I

' I ' I I I I

oQ °o °o

o o

oo.

2 nlii I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 i I I I I 1 10 20 40 100 200 400 TEMPERRTURE,K

1000

Figure 3.1.6 Deviations of the previously recommended electrical

resistivity valus8 (6) from eq, (3.5)

.

13
3.2 Tungsten

(3.10,

The experimental thermal conductivity data reported for tungsten are illus- trated in figures 3.2.1 through 3.2.3. Figure 3.2.3 is a composite of 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 but without a legend. Equation (3.1) was fitted to the experimental data

by nonlinear least squares. The resulting parameters are

?

1 = 16.4 x 10"8

P

5 = 69.21

P2

= 2.449 P

6

= 3.986

P

3 = 541.3 P

? = 0.1

P4

= -0.22

where x and T are in W»m

_1 »K"^ and K, respectively.

The systematic residuals were represented by

W

c

= - 0.00085 Jtn(T/130) exp(-Un(T/230)/0.7) 2

) + 0.00015 exp(-Un(T/3500)/0.8) 2

)

+ 0.0006 Jtn(T/90) exp(-Un(T/80)/0.4) 2

) + 0.0003 *n(T/24) exp(-Un(T/33)/0.5) 2

) where W

c and T are in m.K«W and K, respectively. The resulting deviations of the experimental data from this equation are il- lustrated in figures 3.2.4 through 3.2.6. The deviations of the previously

recommended thermal conductivity values for this RM are illustrated in figure 3.2.7. Here we observe significant differences at both ends of the tem- perature range. As with iron, the variations at low temperatures due to impurity

variations are accounted for by the presence of the 3/T term. The experimental electrical resistivity data reported for tungsten are il- lustrated in figures 3.2.8 through 3.2.10. Equation (3.1) was fitted to the ex- perimental data by nonlinear least squares. The resulting parameters are:

P

x = 4.801 x 10" 16

P 5

= 55.63

P2 = 3.839 P

6 = 2.391

P

3 = 1.88 x 10 10

P

? = 0.0

P. = 1-22

4

14
where p and T are in a-m and T, respectively.

The systematic residuals were represented by

p c

= 7 x 10" 9 *n(T/560) exp(-Un(T/1000)/0.6) 2

)

where p

c and T are in ft.m and K, respectively.

The resulting deviations of the experimental data from this equation are il- lustrated in figures 3.2.11 through 3.2.13. The deviations of the previously recommended electrical resistivity values for this RM are shown in figure 3.2.14.

The differences are not significant compared to the uncertainties in the recom- mended values.

15
3.2.1 List of Figures and Tables for Tungsten

Page

Figure 3.2.1 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the tungsten

RM from the following sources: (11, 13, 19, 27) 17 Figure 3.2.2 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the tungsten

RM from the following sources: (13, 22, 28) 18 Figure 3.2.3 Composite of the data in figures 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 19 Figure 3.2.4 Thermal conductivity deviations of the tungsten RM data of the following references from eq. (3.1):

(11, 13, 19, 27) 20 Figure 3.2.5 Thermal conductivity deviations of the tungsten RM data of the following references from eq. (3.1):

(13, 22, 28) 21 Figure 3.2.6 Composite of the data in figures 3.2.4 and 3.2.5 22 Figure 3.2.7 Deviations of the previously recommended thermal conductivity values (5) from eq. (3.1) 23 Figure 3.2.8 Experimental electrical resistivity data for the tungsten RM from the following sources: (11, 18,

19, 27, 28) 24 Figure 3.2.9 Experimental electrical resistivity data for the tungsten RM from the following sources: (13, 22) 25 Figure 3.2.10 Composite of data in figures 3.2.8 and 3.2.9 26 Figure 3.2.11 Electrical resistivity deviations of the tungsten

RM data of the following references from eq. (3.5):

(11, 18, 19, 27, 28) 27 Figure 3.2.12 Electrical resistivity deviations of the tungsten

RM data of the following references from eq. (3.5):

(13, 22) 28 Figure 3.2.13 Composite of the data in figures 3.2.11 and 3.2.12 .... 29 Figure 3.2.14 Deviations of the previously recommended electrical resistivity values (5) from equation (3.5) 30

16
£

E-h O

O

o

600

400

200

60

<*<>

! *

**

: <x *

-

* o + + x o + +^

+

+ V

ox A + 5>

: * \

:

X ++ X

+

V o

v o

V o

o

X

A*

-

. 1 Il 1—J-J

10 30 100 TEMPERRTURE,K

300 1000

Figure 3.2.1 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the

tungeten RM from the following sources:

(11,13,19,27)

O- (27), A- (27), - (27), V- (19), O- (11), +- (11) X- (13)

17
1000 I ' I

'

I

' I 'I I I

1

1

1 fff HI I

1 I1

1 11 I I I II ' I ' I i i i 1 1

1 r

600 A A

A A \ 400

E—

O

O

200

A

ZD

S.

100 -

60 -

1 1

i ' • J I

1 1

' '

I U 1i

1 10 30 100 300 TEMPERATURE,

1000

Figure 3.2.2 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the

tungeten RM from the following eourcee:

(13,22,28)

O- (28), A- (13), - (13), V- (22),

18
£

E—

E—O

1000

600

400

200

100 -

60 -

I

'

I 'I ' Ml I I 1 1

1 J IU I1 I

' I ' I I I 1

1 I

' I' I' I i I i 1

1 i

o +

ox +

p + A +

I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 III 1 1 1

1

7 ffli

A*

i . i . i . i . i i i i 10 30 100 300 1000 TEMPERATURE,

K

Figure 3.2.3 Composite of the data In figs. 3.2.1 and 3.2.2

19
TEMPERRTURE,K

Figure 3.2.4 Thermal conductivity devlatlone of the tungeten

RM data of the following referencee from eq.(3.1):

(11,13,19,27)

0-(27), A- (27), -(27), V- (19), O- (11) + - (ID, X- (13)

20
T5Sr • i

• » i t i

I

' i

' i

» i ' < m i n i r

A A

A

1 i I i 1 1 1 LU

10 30 100 300 TEMPERRTURE,K

1000

Figure 3.2.5 Thermal conductivity deviations of the tungsten

RM data of the following references from eq.(3.1):

(13,22,28)

O- (28), A- (13), - (13), V- (22)

21
I

1

I

1 I1

1 11 I I I I

I

I ' ^1

' I M I I I I

' I

1 I

1 M 1 1

1 I I I

|

o

o

III I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I 1 1 1

I I I I I I 10 30 100 300 1000 TEMPERRTURE,K

Figure 3.2.6 Composite of the data In figs. 3.2.4 and 3.2.5

22
7.5 rnm i i 1

1

_j 2.5

azoi in o CDO

I ' I

' I

' I' I I

t

* a 8s o

-2.5 - Q

O

-7.5

-10 i.i i i i i

nsG

I I I I I j-jjlL

I ' I

' MM! I I I |

8 a a A

i 1 1 1 1 1 1 in

10 20 40 100 200 400 TEMPERATURE,

K

1000 2000

Figure 3.2.7 Deviations of the previously recommended thermal

conductivity values (5) from eq.(3.1).

23
1000

300

100

30

I I I I T ' I ' I

' I

10 -

1 - oooo ooooo

o.3 r. 1 1 1 mm I I I 1 1 1 1 I I 1

I I I 1 1 1 1 I I 1

10 20 40 100 200 400 TEMPERATURE,

1000 2000

Figure 3.2.8 Experimental electrical reeletlvlty data for the

tungsten RM from the following eources: (11,18,19,27,28)

O- (27), A- (27), - (19), V- (18) O- (11), +- (11), X- (28)

24
1000

300

I' I

'

I I I I |

i

l

i

|

i I

i

I

1

1 I I l

|

100 -

30 -

10 -

1 -

[ o o o o oooo

0.3 ' I I

I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 1 I 1 I

M l I I I

I

10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 2000 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 3.2.9 Experimental electrical resletlvlty data for the

tungeten RM from the following eourcee:

(13,22)

O- (13), A- (22)

25
1000

300

100

30

J I

' I I I I | ' I ' I

' I

'

I

'

I I I I | ' I

' I »

l

i

l

1

1 l I I

|

c

EE—

CO

i—

CO

LJm

oi—

cru

_]LJ

r ooooo ooooo

0.3 r 1

1 1

1 1 '

'

1 1 1 i i .i 4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 2000 TEMPERRTURE,K

Figure 3.2.10 Composite of data In figs. 3.2.8 and 3.2.9

26
M l I I I

|

' I

1

I

1

I

1

I 1I I I I

J

' I

' I

' I' I' I I I I

i

' I ' i

+

o* «

+++' xo

+ o

00 o

+

• +

' 1 . » . . 1 . I 1 1 . I.I

4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 2000 TEMPERATURE,

ure 3.2.11 Electrical resistivity deviations of the tungsten

RM data of the following references from eq.(3.5):

(11,18,19,27,28)

O- (27), A- 127), - 119), 7- 118) O- til), +- (11), X- (28)

27
CD

a=

CD

i CDo

>

O

Q_

-

i i 1

1

1

i

oU O

O 0

o°°o o > ; © ~ _ ft —

1 v o o w o

0

o

- o

o

4 10 20 40 100 200 400 TEMPERRTURE,K1000 2000

Figure 3.2.12 Electrical resistivity deviations of the tungsten

RM data of the following references from eq.(3.5):

(13,22)

O- (13), A- (22)

28
azo

COO 0

E- -2_ Q_

Ml I ll |

+ **o0

I

i n-PTT-H

0 +.

TTTTT

0K oV.+ D° 8^0

o 08 *

o + o

+

vo + +

<x> o o

o +

+

+

o

s s

JLLL 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1

1

iJ. 10 20 40 100 200 400 TEMPERRTURE,K

1000 2000

Figure 3.2.13 Composite of the data In flge. 3.2.11 and 3.2.12

29
O 0

_1

enoi CO

CDO -1

'CD S "S

^B'i

'1 '

1 1 ' — —8

^—0- i—v-

"

1

'

I?

i

ii.i 1 1 ii i ii 10 20 40 100 200 400 TEMPERATURE,

1000 2000

Figure 3.2.14 Deviations of the previously recommended electrical

reelstlvlty valuee(5) from eq.(3.5).

30
3.3 Stainless Steel The experimental thermal conductivity data reported for this SRM are illus- trated in figure 3.3.1. Because this is a highly alloyed metal, the relative im- portance of the conduction/scattering mechanisms are considerably different than

for a pure metal. Nevertheless, the base equation chosen for representation of these data is of the same form as equation (3.1). The only change is that the

p/T term was replaced by B/Tn

, where B = 15.2 and n = 1.211.

The resulting parameters of a nonlinear least squares fit of this equation

are

p

l = 2.477 x 10~4

P

5 = 60

P

2

= 1.303 P 6

= -0.1436

P3

= 1.918 P

7 = 0.0

P4

= 0.592

where A and T are in W*m~ • K" and K, respectively. No systematic residuals were observed from this fit. The resulting deviations of the experimental data from this equation are illustrated in figure 3.3.2. The deviations of the previously recommended values from this equation are illustrated in figure 3.3.3.

The experimental electrical resistivity data for this stainless steel are illustrated in figure 3.3.4. These data were represented by equation (3.5) with

the following parameters

P

x = 1.217 x 10" 10

P

5 = 450

P

2 = 1.315 P 6

= 3.031

P 3

= 6.836 x 10

6

P

? = 0.0

P4

= 0.3 where p and T are n«m and K, respectively.

The systematic residuals were represented by

P c

= 2.5 x 10" 8 an(T/135) *n(T/270) *n(T/530) exp(-(*n(T/350)/1.4) 2

) -5.5 x 10"8 exp(-Un(T/1300)/0.4)

2

)

31
The resulting deviations of the experimental data from this equation are shown in figures 3.3.8 and 3.3.9. The deviations of the previously recommended

values are shown in figure 3.2.10.

32
3.3.1 List of Figures and Tables for Stainless Steel Page

Figure 3.3.1 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the stainless

steel SRM from the following sources: (9, 10, 16, 21, 27) 34 Figure 3.3.2 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the stainless

steel SRM from the following source: (13) 35 Figure 3.3.3 Composite of the data in figures 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 36 Figure 3.3.4 Thermal conductivity deviations of the stainless

steel SRM data of the following references from

eq. (3.1): (9, 10, 16, 21, 27) 37 Figure 3.3.5 Thermal conductivity deviations of the stainless

steel SRM data of the following references from

eq. (3.1): (13) 38 Figure 3.3.6 Composite of the data in figures 3.3.4 and 3.3.5 39 Figure 3.3.7 Deviations of the previously recommended thermal conductivity values (6) from eq. (3.1) 40 Figure 3.3.8 Experimental electrical resistivity data for the stainless steel SRM from the following sources:

(9, 10, 16, 21, 27) 41 Figure 3.3.9 Electrical resistivity deviations of the stainless

steel SRM of the following references from eq. (3.5):

(9, 10, 16, 21, 27) 42 Figure 3.3.10 Deviations of the previously recommended electrical resistivity values (6) from eq. (3.5) 43

33
0.2 -

\ I I I I I I ll I I I I .» . . I I 10 30 100 TEMPERATURE,

300 1000

Figure 3.3.1 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the

stainless steel SRM from the following sources: (9,10,16,21,27)

O- (27), A- (27), - (21), V- (16), O- (9), +- (9), X- (10)

34
10 30 100 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 3.3.2 Experimental thermal conductivity data for the

stainless steel SRM from the following sources:

(13)

O- (13), A- (13), - (13), V-(13)

35
o.i

1 i . 1 3 10 30 100 300 1000 TEMPERATURE,

K

Figure 3.3.3 Composite of the data In figs. 3.3.1 and 3.3.2

36
10

5

-

en n o u

COCDO -5 Q

E-h O

CLIO

15

\ ' \

' i i i i i i

|

V V V vv o++±+*

oox*

X

XX

I TTH I I I

| 8

o

D °oo

w

-20 L i l t I i l i 1 1 1 I i I I l i I i l i 1 1 1 I I I I 10 30 100 TEMPERATURE,

300 1000

Figure 3.3.4 Thermal conductivity deviations of the stainless steel

SRM data of the following references from eq.(3.1):

(9,10,16,21,27)

O- (27), A- (27), -(21), V- (16), 0-(9), + - (9), X- (10)

37
10 V

o

—

cc

5

0

-5

PM V X7

- o 6aa^n

q v v

-

(OBS.-C o~ ° o oo

o «° _ u o o o

o °

DEV. -10 ° o 0

" o

PCT. -15

o

-20

1 3 10 30 100 300 1000 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 3.3.5 Thermal conductivity deviations of the stainless steel SRM data of the following references from eq. (3. 1 )

(13)

O- (23), A- (13), - (13), V- (13)

38
10 I

'

I ' v

' I 'I I 1

1

1 ' I

'

I ' I ' I ' I I 1

1

' I

1 I

1 I 1

I

1 1 I I I I

V VyyV ,y A

° y

o xx o

o

o o u u oo

o o

10 -

15

20

1 11

1 1 1 1 1

I 1

I I

'

1 I I I I 10 30 100 300 1000 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 3.3.6 Composite of the data In figs. 3.3.4 and 3.3.5

39
2 i 1 1 1 i n | ' i ' i

»

i

»

i ' i i i i

i

' i 'i ~ 1

• o

_]

cco

«. 0 en

COo

E-< £ -2

I

1

l

' I I l l

|

o o. o °0

o o o

o °o

o o

o

o o oo°

1 1 1 I I I I I I I I I I I.I III I .1 Ill

10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 3.3.7 Deviations of the previously recommended thermal

conductivity values (6) from eq.(3.1).

40
2000

c

E-h CO

CO

txJ oI—

o

_j

1000 -

40 100 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 3.3.8 Experimental electrical resistI vlstu, data for the

stainless steel SRM from the following eources:

(9,10,16,21,27)

O- (27), A- (21), - (16), V- (9) O- (9), + - (10)

41
5

S

O

V o °2<> o

V o v ++

v v^o o v + .

1 • 1

• 1 0

0

0

A

A

1 1 i 1

| o6*

A

! a 0

A

: 0 A

: + +++++++ + ++

+

+ +

7v v +

+ ++

V A + 0 ;

!

.li' Mil i L. 4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 TEMPERRTURE,K

Figure 3.3.9 Electrical resistivity deviations of the stainless steel SRM data of the following references from eq.(3.5):

(9,10,16,21,27)

0-(27), A- (21), - (16), V- (9) 0-(9), + - (10)

42
0.5 O U

I CO

GOO -0.5 Q

o

•1 -

-1.5

l

' l I l l | ' I

i I'

I

' I

i I I I i

| 1

' "U'

oo

° o oooo o °

0°

o o o

-2 I l I I I I I I I I I 1 1 1 I I I I 1—t. 10 20 40 100 200 TEMPERRTURE,K

400 1000

figure 3.3.10 Deviations of the previously recommended electrical

resistivity values (6) from eq.(3.5).

43
4. Recommended Values

The equations given in this report were used to calculate smoothed values of

X and p at selected temperatures and, when appropriate, selected values of RRR, corresponding to appropriate values of p 0

. These smoothed values are presented

in tables 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3. The values are illustrated in figures 4.1 through

4.6. For completeness, values of the Lorenz ratio were also obtained from pX/T

and plotted in figures 4.7 through 4.9. The conversion from residual resistivity to RRR was made using the following

equation and adopted intrinsic resistivity at the ice point.

RRR = 1 +

p i273

p o Iron: p

i 273

= 87.0 nft.m Tungsten: p

i 273

= 48.4 nn.m

44
4.1 List of Figures and Tables

Page

Figure 4.1 Thermal conductivity values for the electrolytic iron

RM calculated from eq. (3.1) at RRR = 20.0, 22.5, and 25.0 (the corresponding values of residual resistivity

are: 4.579, 4.046, and 3.625 nfi.m) 46 Figure 4.2 Electrical resistivity values for the electrolytic iron

RM calculated from eq. (3.5) at RRR = 20,0, 22.5, and 25.0 (the corresponding values of residual resistivity

are: 4.579, 4.046, and 3.625 nfi.m) 47 Figure 4.3 Thermal conductivity values for the tungsten RM calculated from eq. (3.1) at RRR = 50, 75, and 100

(the corresponding values of residual resistivity are: 0.9878, 0.6540, and 0.4889 nfi.m) 48 Figure 4.4 Electrical resistivity values for the tungsten RM calculated from eq. (3.5) at RRR = 50, 75, and 100

(the corresponding values of residual resistivity are: 0.9878, 0.6540, and 0.4889 nfi.m) 49 Figure 4.5 Thermal conductivity values for the stainless steel SRM calculated from eq. (3.1) 50 Figure 4.6 Electrical resistivity values for the stainless steel SRM calculated from eq. (3.5) 51 Figure 4.7 Lorenz ratio for the electrolytic iron RM as calculated

from eq. (3.1) and (3.5) at the same residual resistivities

as in figs. 4.1 and 4.2 52 Figure 4.8 Lorenz ratio for the tungsten RM as calculated from

eqs. (3.1) and (3.5) at the same residual resistivities

as in figs. 4.3 and 4.4 53 Figure 4.9 Lorenz ratio for the stainless steel SRM as calculated

from eqs. (3.1) and (3.5) 54 Table 4.1 Recommended thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity

values for the electrolytic iron RM for RRR values of 20.0,

22.5, and 25.0; and corresponding residual resistivities of 4.579, 4.047, and 3.625 nfi.m 55 Table 4.2 Recommended thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity

values for tungsten RM for RRR values of 50, 75, and 100; and corresponding residual resistivities of 0.9878, 0.6540,

and 0.4889 nfi.m 56 Table 4.3 Recommended thermal conductivity values for the stainless

steel SRM 57

45
Figure 4.1 Thermal conductivity values for the electrolytic Iron RM calculated from eq.(3.1) at RRR-20.0, 22.5, and 25.0

(the corresponding values of residual resistivity are: 4,579, 4.046, and 3.625 nfl.m)

46
1000 i i

i

i

i

i

1 1 i i i

i

i

i

1

I 1I

1 I1

1 I I I

I

' I

1 I1

I

1

I

1 1 I I I

.

1 I i I i I i I i I I I I 1 i I i I i I i I i I I II I i I i I i I i I i M II 2 4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 4.2 Electrical resistivity values for the electrolytic Iron

RM calculated from eq.(3.5) at RRR-20.0, 22.5, and 25.0

(the corresponding values of residual resistivity ares 4.579, 4.046, and 3.625 nfl.m)

47
1000 I i I

i I

i 1 1 1 I I I I

i

I

i

I

i

I

i MM l l

I

i

I I I I I | i

|

3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 4.3 Thermal conductivity valuee for the tungsten

RM calculated from eq.(3.1) at RRR-50, 75, and 100 (the corresponding values of residual resistivity are: 0.9878, 0.6540, and 0.4889 nfl.m)

48
0.3 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii 1 1 1 1 i i 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii 1 1 1 1 i i i

3 10 30 100 300 1000 3000 TEMPERRTURE,K

Figure 4.4 Electrical resistivity values for the tungsten

RM calculated from eq.(3.5) at RRR-50, 75, and 100

(the corresponding values of residual resistivity are: 0.9878, 0.6540, and 0.4889 nfl.m)

49
0.1 I i I i I i 1 1 1 I I I I i I i I i I i 1 1 1 I l I I i I i I i I i 1 1 1 I I I I 2 4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 TEMPERATURE,

Figure 4.5 Thermal conductivity valuee for the stainless steel

SRM calculated from eq. (3. 1

)

50
2000 i i l

i

l

i

l

1

1 I II |

' I ' I

'

I

' I ' I I I I |

'

I ' I

' I' I ' I I I I |

£

: 1 400 I i I i I i I 1 1 I I I I i I i I i 1 i I 1 1 I I I I i I i I i I i I ii I I I I I 2 4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 TEMPERATURE,

K

Figure 4.6 Electrical resistivity values for the stainless steel SRM calculated from eq.(3.5)

51
4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 TEMPERATURE,

e 4.7 Lorenz ratio for the electrolytic Iron RM as calculated from eqs. (3.1) and (3.5) at the

residual resistivities ae In figs. 4.1 and 4.2

52
3.50 i i i

i i

1

1

| i i 1 1

i ii

i ii i m i ) i 1

1.25 -

I

' I

' M l I I I

I

jjUL I i i 1 1 1 1 in i i i 1 1 ii I I 1

10 30 100 300 TEMPERATURE,1000 3000

Figure 4.8 Lorenz ratio for the tungsten RM as calculated from eqs. (3.1) and (3.5) at the

residual resistivities as In figs. 4.3 and 4.4

53
8 I

1 I I l |

i

I ' I

I

I H ' I M I

|

I

'

I I I I |

2

-

1

1 .'•'-«' i it 2 4 10 20 40 100 200 400 1000 TEMPERRTURE,K

Figure 4.9 Lorenz ratio for the stainless steel SRM as calculated from eqs. (3.1) and (3.5)

d4
Table 4.1. Recommended thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity values for the electrolytic iron RM for RRR values of 20.0, 22.5, and 25.0; and corresponding residual resistivities of 4.579, 4.047, and 3.625 nft.m. (Corrected for thermal expansion).

Thermal Conductivity (W»m" Electrical Resistivity (nft.m) T

(K) RRR = 20.0 = 22.5 = 25.0 RRR =20.0 = 22.5 = 25.0

2 10.89 12.32 13.75 4.579 4.047 3.625

3 16.33 18.48 20.62 4.579 4.047 3.625

4 21.76 24.62 27.48 4.579 4.047 3.625

5 27.19 30.76 34.33 4.580 4.047 3.626

6 32.60 36.88 41.15 4.580 4.048 3.626

7 37.99 42.97 47.94 4.581 4.049 3.627

8 43.4 49.0 54.7 4.583 4.050 3.629

9 48.7 55.0 61.4 4.585 4.052 3.631

10 54.0 61.0 68.0 4.587 4.054 3.633

12 64.4 72.8 81.1 4.593 4.061 3.639

14 74.6 84.2 93.7 4.602 4.070 3.648

16 84.5 95.2 105.9 4.615 4.082 3.661

18 93.9 105.7 • 117.4 4.632 4.099 3.678

20 102.9 115.7 128.2 4.653 4.120 3.699

25 123.0 137.4 151.5 4.731 4.199 3.777

30 138.7 153.9 168.5 4.854 4.322 3.900

35 149.5 164.5 178.7 5.03 4.50 4.08

40 155.1 169.1 182.1 5.28 4.75 4.33

45 155.9 168.3 179.7 5.62 5.08 4.66

50 152.9 163.6 173.2 6.06 5.52 5.10

60 141.6 149.1 155.6 7.30 6.76 6.34

70 129.6 134.9 139.5 9.06 8.52 8.09

80 119.9 123.8 127.1 11.32 10.78 10.35

90 112.3 115.4 117.9 14.04 13.50 13.06

100 106.4 108.9 110.9 17.17 16.62 16.18

150 91.5 92.7 93.7 35.93 35.37 34.93

200 85.9 86.7 87.3 56.5 56.0 55.5 250 81.0 81.5 82.0 79.5 79.0 78.5

300 76.0 76.4 76.7 105.6 105.0 104.6 400 67.2 67.5 67.7 166.6 166.1 165.6

500 60.0 60.2 60.3 241.8 241.2 240.7

600 53.5 53.6 53.7 335.1 334.6 334.1

700 47.42 47.49 47.55 449.1 448.5 448.1

800 41.92 41.96 42.00 583.0 583.0 582.0

900 37.09 37.12 37.14 737.0 737.0 736.0

1000 32.95 32.98 33.00 909.0 909.0 908.0

55
Table 4.2. Recommended thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity values for the tungsten RM for RRR values of 50, 75, and 100; and corresponding

residual resistivities of 0.9878, 0.6540, and 0.4889 nn.m.

Thermal Conductivity (W-m"

1 .*" 1

) Electrical Resistivity (nn-m) T

(K) RRR » 50 75 = 100 RRR «= 50 = 75 - jog

2 49.5 74.7 99.9 .988 .654 .489

3 74.2 112.0 149.9 .988 .654 . HOJ

4 98.9 149.3 199.7 .988 .654 .489

5 123.5 186.4 249.3 .988 .654 .489

6 148.1 223.4 298.5 .988 .655 .489

7 172.5 260.0 347.2 .989 .655 .490

8 196.7 296.2 395.1 .989 .655 .490

9 220.7 331.8 442.0 .990 .656 .491 10 244.3 366.7 487.6 .991 .657 .492

12 290.0 434.0 574.0 .994 .661 .496

14 334.0 496.0 651.0 1.000 .666 .501

16 374.0 551.0 718.0 1.008 .674 .509

18 410.0 596.0 768.0 1.019 .686 .521 20 440.0 629.0 799.0 1.035 .701 .536

25 477.0 647.0 786.0 1.099 .766 .601

30 468.0 597.0 692.0 1.212 .879 .714 35 433.0 525.0 586.0 1.392 1.059 .893 40 391.3 454.5 494.4 1.656 1.322 1.157 45 348.3 391.9 418.0 2.017 1.683 1.518

50 308.7 339.0 356.5 2.482 2.148 1.983 60 254.8 271.8 281.0 3.720 3.387 3.221

70 232.1 244.0 250.4 5.31 4.98 4.82 80 221.1 230.5 235.5 7.17 6.83 6.67

90 213.2 220.9 225.0 9.18 8.85 8.68

100 206.9 213.4 216.9 11.29 10.95 10.79

150 191.2 194.9 196.8 22.20 21.87 21.70 200 184.7 187.3 188.6 33.22 32.89 32.73

250 179.0 180.9 181.9 44.42 44.08 43.92

300 171.9 173.4 174.2 55.9 55.5 55.4 400 156.6 157.5 157.9 79.6 79.3 79.

1

500 144.

3

144.9 145.3 104.7 104.4 104.2 600 135*. 7 136!2 136.4 131.3 13o!9 130.'

8

700 129.5 129.9 130.1 159.2 158.8 158.7 800 124.9 125.2 125.4 188.1 187.8 187.6 900 121.2 121.5 121.6 217.8 217.5 217.3

1000 118.2 118.4 118.5 248.0 247.7 247.

5

1100 113.0 lie 110. 7/ 115.8 278.6 278.3 278.

1

1200 111 o

11 J.*t 113.5 309.4 "IflQ 11 308.

9

1300 111 0 lll.£ 111 11 "i 1 . J 111.4 340.6 340.

1

1400 109.3 109.4 109.5 372.1 371.8 371.6 1500 107.5 107,6 107.7 404.0 403.7 403.5

1600 105.9 106.0 106.1 436.3 436.0 435.8

1800 103.1 103.1 103.2 502.0 502.0 502.0 2000 100.6 100.6 100.7 570.0 569.0 569.0 2200 98.4 98.4 98.5 639.0 639.0 638.0

2400 96.4 96.5 96.5 710.0 709.0 709.0 2600 94.7 94.7 94.7 782.0 781.0 781.0 2800 93.1 93.1 93.2 855.0 855.0 855.0

3000 91.7 91.7 91.7 930.0 930.0 930.0

56
Table 4.3. Recommended thermal conductivity values for the stainless steel SRM.

Thermal Electrical

T Conductivity Resistivity

(K) (W.m'^K

-1

) (nfl.m)

2 .152 593.

o3 .249 593.

A4 oco .352 593.

5 .462 594.

6 .575 594.

7 .693 594. 8 .814 594.

9 .938 594.

10 1.064 594.

12 1.323 594.

14 1.588 594.

1 £lb 1 QCO l.obo coo 593.

1 Q coo 593. on20 2.40/ 593. 25 3.092 592. 30 3.763 592. 3b A Af\A 4.404 593.

/in 4U b.Oi coc 595. 4b 5.57 597. 50 6.08 599. 60 6.98 606.

/U

"7 "71 7. 72 CI o on80 O Oil 8.34 coo 622. 90 8.85 630. 100 9.30 639.

150 10.94 683. 200 12.20 724. 250 13.31 767. 300 14.32 810. 400 16.16 885. 500 17.78 944. 600 19.23 997. 700 20.54 1045. 800 21.75 1088. 900 22.86 1127. 1000 23.90 1162. 1100 24.86 1197. 1200 25.77 1234.

57
5. Summary

New data have been obtained from several laboratories throughout the world

on previously established NBS SRM's. These data were used to update and extend

the recommended values for these materials. Generally the new values are not outside the original uncertainty limits of the previous recommendations. How- ever, this update decreases the uncertainty of the data and in some areas pro- duces significant changes. Although other data are available, this analysis con- siders only thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity. The study of other properties is part of our future plans. The data presented are uncorrected for thermal expansion below 300 K and corrected for thermal expansion above 300 K.

6. Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank the numerous experimental contributors to this ef- fort for their cooperation and patience. Most of the work was a direct conse- quence of the CODATA Task Group on Thermophysical Properties. The leadership and organization of Dr. M. L. Minges is recognized and appreciated. In addition, the coordination and guidance provided by Dr. R. Berman and Dr. G. K. White was of utmost importance to the completion of this effort. Finally, we express our gratitude for the contributions of Dr. Y. S. Touloukian (deceased) as the former chairman of this task group.

58
7. References

[I] Hust, J. G.; Sparks, L. L. Thermal conductivity of electrolytic iron,

SRM-734, from 4 to 300 K. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ . 260-31;

1971. [2] Hust, J. G. ; Sparks, L. L. Standard reference materials: thermal conductivity of austenitic stainless steel, SRM-735, from 5 to 280 K. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 260-35; 1972. [3] Hust, J. G. Electrical resistivity of electrolytic iron, SRM-797, and austenitic stainless steels, SRM-798, from 5 to 280 K. Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.) Spec. Publ. 260-47; 1974. [4] Hust, J. G. ; Giarratano, P. J. Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity standard reference materials: austenitic stainless steel,

SRM's 735 and 798, from 4 to 1200 K. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec.

Publ. 260-46; 1974. [5] Hust, J. G. ; Giarratano, P. J. Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity standard reference materials: arc cast and sintered tungsten,

SRM's 730 and 799, from 4 to 3000 K. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec.

Publ. 260-52; 1975. [6] Hust, J. G. ; Giarratano, P. J. Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity standard reference materials: electrolytic iron, SRM's 734 and

797, from 4 to 1000 K. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 260-50; 1975. [7] Hust, J. G. Thermal conductivity standard reference materials from 4 to 300 K. I. Armco Iron. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBS Report 9740; 1969. [8] Hust, J. G.; Sparks, L. L. Thermal conductivity standard reference materials from 4 to 300 K. II. OSRM iron 1265. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBS Report 9771; 1970.

[9] Hust, J. G. ; Sparks, L. L. Thermal conductivity standard reference materials from 4 to 300 K. III. AGARD stainless steel. Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.) NBS Report 9786; 1971. [10] Hust, J. G. ; Sparks, L. L. Thermal conductivity standard reference materials from 4 to 300 K. V. AGARD stainless steel. Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.) NBS Report 10710; 1971. [II] Hust, J. G. Thermal conductivity standard reference materials from 6 to

280 K. VI. NBS sintered tungsten. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBSIR 73-351;

1974. [12] Minges, M. L. The standard reference materials and data programs of the CODATA task group on thermophysical properties. Hust, J. G., ed. Proceedings of the 17th. international thermal conductivity conference; Plenum Press, New York; 1983. 73 p.

59
[13] Berman, R. ; Hardy, N. D. ; Sahota, M. ; Hust, J. G. ; Tainsh, R. J. Standard reference materials for thermal conductivity below 100 K. Hust, J. G. , ed. Proceedings of the 17th international thermal conductivity conference; Plenum Press, New York; 1983. 105 p. [14] Brandt, R. ; Neuer, G. Thermal diffusivity measurements on reference materials. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBS Report 9740; 1969. [15] Maglic, K. ; Perovic, N. ; Zivotic, Z. Thermal diffusivity of candidate

standard reference materials. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBS Report 9740;

1969. 163 p. [16] Graves, R. S. ; Williams, R. K. ; Moore, J. P. The thermal conductivity,

electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient of SRM-735. Larsen, D. C.

,

ed. Proceedings of the 16th international thermal conductivity conference; Plenum Press, New York; 1983. 343 p. [17] Taylor, Roy. Thermal diffusivity of P0C0 graphite and stainless steel , SRM- 735 S. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) NBS Report 9740; 1969. 753 p. [18] Cezairliyan, A.; McClure, J. L. High-speed (subsecond) measurement of heat capacity, electrical resistivity, and thermal radiation properties of tungsten in the range 2000 to 3600 K. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.). 75A(4): 283-290; 1971. [19] Binkele, L; Zur frage der hochtemperatur-Lorenzzahl bei wolfram - eine an- alyse neuer messwerte der thermischen und elektrischen lei tfahigkeit im temperatur bereich 300 bis 1300 K. Submitted for publication in High

Temperature-High Pressure; 1982. [20] Bode, K. H. Results of thermal conductivity measurements on tungsten be- tween 20 and 500 °C. To be submitted to Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer;

1982. Data not available at this time. [21] Binkele, L. Private communication on measurements of A and p for stainless

steel; 1982. [22] Taylor, R. E. Thermal properties of tungsten SRM's 730 and 799. J. of Heat Transfer, Vol. 100, No. 2, 330-333; 1978. [23] Graves, G. A. (UDRI) private communication; 1983. [24] Callanan, J. E. (NBS) private communication; 1983. [25] Atalla, S. R. Thermal properties of stainless steel and graphite specimens

in the temperature range 400-1000 K. Proceedings of the eighth european thermophysical conference; Baden-Baden, Germany. Paper No. 004, Session

No. 10; 1982. [26] Fulkerson, W. ; Moore, J. P.; McElroy, D. L. Comparison of the thermal con- ductivity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient of a high-purity

iron and an Armco iron to 1000 °C. J. Appl . Phys., Vol. 37, No. 7, 2639-

2653; 1966.

60
[27] Fitzer, E. , Thermophysical properties of solid materials. Project Sec- tion II. Cooperative measurements on heat transport phenomena of solid materials at high temperature, AGARD Report No. 606, 1973. [28] Moore, J. P., Graves, R. S., Fulkerson, W. , and McElroy, D. L., The thermal properties of tungsten, Proceedings of the fifth thermal conductivity con- ference, Univ. of Denver, Vol. 2, V-G-l - V-G-35 (1965).

£U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1 9 8 *f < 2 0 997 100«»3

61
NBS-114A (REV. 2-BC) DEPT. OF COt BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET (See instructions)

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO. NBS/SP-260/90

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date September 1984

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Standard Reference Materials:

Update of Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Resistivity of Electrolytic Iron Tungsten, and Stainless Steel

5. AUTHOR(S) Jerome G. Hust and Alan B. Lankford

6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see instructions) NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

BOULDER, CO 80303

7. Contract/Grant No.

8. Type of Report & Period Covered Final

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street, City. State, ZIP) Office of Standard Reference Materials

National Measurement Laboratory

National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, MD 20899

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 84-601107

EJ~J Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant bibliography or literature survey, mention it here) An update is given of the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity of the metals: electrolytic iron, tungsten, and stainless steel. This document describes the measurement effort that has occurred since the establishment of these SRM's. New data

are presented and, based on these, changes in the recommended values are described.

The new recommended values are presented in the form of equations, graphs, and tables.

The temperature ranges included are: 2 to 1000 K for electrolytic iron, 2 to 3000 K for tungsten, and 2 to 1200 K for stainless steel.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to tweive entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only proper names; and separate key words by semicolons) electrical resistivity; electrolytic iron; Lorenz ratio; stainless steel; Standard Reference Material; thermal conductivity; tungsten.

13. AVAILABILITY

[X7J Unlimited

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| For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

[X] Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C

20402.

PJ~J Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161

14. NO. OF

PRINTED PAGES

71

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