HAZARD RANKING SYSTEM (HRS) DOCUMENTATION RECORD COVER SHEET

Name of Site: Former Kil-Tone Company

EPA ID No.: NJN000200874 

Contact Persons

Documentation Record: Ildefonso Acosta, National Priorities List Coordinator

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2 

290 Broadway, 18th Floor 

 New York, New York 10007-1866 

(212) 637-4344 

 James Desir, Site Assessment Manager

 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2

 290 Broadway, 18th Floor 

 New York, New York 10007-1866 

(212) 637-4342 

 Sandra Harrigan, Site Manager

 Tetra Tech, Inc.

1955 Evergreen Boulevard, Suite 300 

 Duluth, Georgia 30096

(678) 775-3088

Pathways, Components, or Threats Not Scored

The ground water and air migration pathways, the drinking water threat of the surface water migration 

pathway, and the nearby population threat of the soil exposure pathway were not scored in this Hazard 

Ranking System (HRS) documentation record because the human food chain and environmental threats of 

the surface water migration pathway and resident population threat of the soil exposure pathway are 

sufficient to qualify the site for the National Priorities List (NPL). The ground water migration pathway, 

drinking water threat of the surface water migration pathway, and nearby population threat of the soil 

exposure pathway are of concern to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and may be 

considered during a future evaluation. At the time of the listing, the site score is sufficient without the 

threats and pathways mentioned above. 

Ground Water Migration Pathway: In August 2014, the New Jersey Department of Environmental 

Protection (NJDEP) collected ground water samples at and in the vicinity of the Former Kil-Tone 

property (Ref. 12, pp. 1, 22). The ground water migration pathway is of concern because arsenic was 

detected at concentrations that ranged from 8.4 micrograms per liter (μg/L) to 14,000 μg/L (Ref. 12, pp. 

22, 38 through 41). 

Drinking Water Threat, Surface Water Migration Pathway: No drinking water intakes are located 

within the 15-mile target distance limit. 

Nearby Population Threat, Soil Exposure Pathway: Soil sampling on residential properties in the 

vicinity of the Former Kil-Tone property is ongoing as additional properties are identified for sampling 

(Ref. 43, p. i; 53). 

Air Migration Pathway: The listing of the site would not be changed by evaluating this pathway. 
HAZARD RANKING SYSTEM (HRS) DOCUMENTATION RECORD

Name of Site: Former Kil-Tone Company

EPA Region: 2 

Date Prepared: September 2015 

Street Address of Site*: 527 East Chestnut Avenue 

City, County, State, Zip: Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey 08360 

General Location in the State: Southwestern portion of state

Topographic Maps: Millville, New Jersey, 1997 

Latitude: 39° 28' 42.276” North

Longitude: 75° 1' 31.76” West

The coordinates above for the Former Kil-Tone Company were measured from sampling location USCSUR-9/USC-SUB-9A collected in the northwestern portion of the property (Ref. 4).

* The street address, coordinates, and contaminant locations presented in this HRS documentation 

record identify the general area the site is located. They represent one or more locations EPA considers to 

be part of the site based on the screening information EPA used to evaluate the site for NPL listing. EPA 

lists national priorities among the known “releases or threatened releases” of hazardous substances; thus, 

the focus is on the release, not precisely delineated boundaries. A site is defined as where a hazardous 

substance has been “deposited, stored, disposed or placed, or has otherwise come to be located.” 

Generally, HRS scoring and the subsequent listing of a release merely represent the initial determination 

that a certain area may need to be addressed under the CERCLA. Accordingly, EPA contemplates that 

the preliminary description of facility boundaries at the time of scoring will be refined as more 

information is developed as to where the contamination has come to be located.

Pathway Pathway Score

Ground Water Migration Not Scored

Surface Water Migration 84.00 

Soil Exposure 100.00 

Air Migration Not Scored

HRS SITE SCORE 65.29

1 
WORKSHEET FOR COMPUTING HRS SITE SCORE

S2 S Pathway Pathway 

Ground Water Migration Pathway Score (Sgw) NS NS

Surface Water Migration Pathway Score (Ssw) 84 7,056 

Soil Exposure Pathway Score (Ss) 100 10,000

Air Migration Pathway Score (Sa) NS NS

S2

gw + S2sw + S2s + S2a 17,056 

(S2

gw + S2sw + S2s + S2a) / 4 4,264 

√ (S2

gw + S2sw + S2s + S2a) / 4 65.29 

Note:

NS = Not scored

2 
Table 4-1 –Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Scoresheet

Factor Categories and Factors Maximum Value Value Assigned

Drinking Water Threat

Likelihood of Release:

1. Observed Release 550 550 

2. Potential to Release by Overland Flow:

2a. Containment 10 NS

2b. Runoff 25 NS

2c. Distance to Surface Water 25 NS

 2d. Potential 

2a(2b + 2c)] 

to Release by Overland Flow [lines 500 NS

3.Potential to Release by Flood:

3a. Containment (Flood) 10 NS

3b. Flood Frequency 50 NS

3c. Potential to Release by Flood (lines 3a x 3b) 500 NS

4. Potential to Release 

maximum of 500)

(lines 2d + 3c, subject to a 500 NS

5. Likelihood of Release (higher of lines 1 and 4) 550 550 

Waste Characteristics:

6. Toxicity/Persistence (a) 10,000 

7. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) 100 

8. Waste Characteristics 100 NS

Targets:

9. Nearest Intake 50 NS

10. Population:

 10a. Level I Concentrations (b) NS

 10b. Level II Concentrations (b) NS

 10c. Potential Contamination (b) NS

 10d. Population (lines 10a + 10b + 10c) (b) NS

11. Resources 5 NS

12. Targets (lines 9 + 10d + 11) (b) NS

Drinking Water Threat Score:

13. Drinking Water Threat Score [(lines 

5x8x12)/82,500, subject to a maximum of 100] 100 NS

Human Food Chain Threat

Likelihood of Release:

14. Likelihood of Release (same value as line 5) 550 550 

Waste Characteristics:

15. Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation (a) 50,000,000 

16. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) 100 

17. Waste Characteristics 1,000 180 

Targets:

18. Food Chain Individual 50 20 

3 
Table 4-1 –Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Scoresheet (Continued)

Factor Categories and Factors Maximum Value Value Assigned

19. Population

19a. Level I Concentrations (b) 0

19b. Level II Concentrations (b) 0

19c. Potential Human Food Chain 

Contamination

(b)

0.00006

19d. Population (lines 19a + 19b + 19c) (b) 0.00006

20. Targets (lines 18 + 19d) (b) 20.00006

Human Food Chain Threat Score:

21. Human Food Chain Threat Score [(lines 

14x17x20)/82500, subject to maximum of 100] 100 24.00

Environmental Threat

Likelihood of Release:

22. Likelihood of Release (same value as line 5) 550 550

Waste Characteristics:

23. Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation (a) 50,000,000

24. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) 100

25. Waste Characteristics 1,000 180

Targets:

26. Sensitive Environments

26a. Level I Concentrations (b) 0

26b. Level II Concentrations (b) 100

26c. Potential Contamination (b) NS

26d. Sensitive Environments (lines 

26c)

26a + 26b + 

(b) 100

27. Targets (value from line 26d) (b) 100

Environmental Threat Score:

28. Environmental Threat Score [(lines 

22x25x27)/82,500 subject to a maximum of 60] 60 60

Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component 

Score for a Watershed

29. Watershed Scorec

maximum of 100)

(lines 13+21+28, subject to a 

100 84.00

Surface Water Overland/Flood Migration Component Score

30. Component Score (Ssw)

c (highest score from line 

29 for all watersheds evaluated; subject to a maximum 

of 100) 100 84.00

Notes:

a

 Maximum value applies to waste characteristics category b

 Maximum value not applicable c

 Do not round to nearest integer

NS Not scored

4 
TABLE 5-1 --SO IL EXPO SURE PATHWAY SCO RESHEET

Factor categories and factors Maximum 

Value

Value Assigned

Resident Population Threat

Likelihood of Exposure:

1. Likelihood of Exposure 550 550

Waste Characteristics:

2. Toxicity (a) 10,000

3. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) 10

4. Waste Characteristics 100 18

Targets:

5. Resident Individual 50 50

6. Resident Population:

6a. Level I Concentrations (b) 1,145.80

6b. Level II Concentrations (b) 11

6c. Population (lines 6a + 6b) (b) 1,156.80

7. Workers 15 5

8. Resources 5 0

9. Terrestrial Sensitive Environments (c) 0

10. Targets (lines 5 + 6c + 7 + 8 + 9) (b) 1,211.80

Resident Population Threat Score

11. Resident Population Threat Score (lines 1 x 4 x 10) (b) 11,996,820

Nearby Population Threat

Likelihood of Exposure:

12. Attractiveness/Accessibility 100 NS

13. Area of Contamination 100 NS

14. Likelihood of Exposure 500 NS NS

Waste Characteristics:

15. Toxicity (a) NS

16. Hazardous Waste Quantity (a) NS

17. Waste Characteristics 100 NS

Targets:

18. Nearby Individual 1 NS

19. Population Within 1 Mile (b) NS

20. Targets (lines 18 + 19) (b) NS

Nearby Population Threat Score:

21. Nearby Population Threat (lines 14 x 17 x 20) (b) NS

Soil Exposure Pathway Score:

22. Soil Exposure Pathway Score d (Ss), (lines [11+21]/82,500,

subject to a maximum of 100)

100 100.00

Notes:

a Maximum value applies to waste characteristics category. b Maximum value not applicable. c No specific maximum value applies to factor. However, pathway score based solely on terrestrial sensitive environments is 

limited to maximum of 60. d

 Do not round to nearest integer.

NS Not scored 

5 
Former Kil-Tone Company

Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey

Figure 1

Facility Location

Date Saved: 8/14/2015 Coordinate System: NAD 1983 UTM Zone 18NTransverse Mercator

PA

NJ

MD

CT NY

VA

DE

RI

EPA Contract No.: EP-S5-13-01

TDD No.: S05-0005-1501-300

Sources:

Property Boundary: Cumberland County Department of Planning and Development

NJ Office of Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic Information

Systems (OGIS), 2011; and Reference No. 13. Topographic maps: USGS 7.5 Minute

Topographic Quadrangle Maps: Millville, NJ 1997 & Five Points, NJ 1994. Latitude and

Longitude Coordinates obtained from Reference (Ref.) 4.

± Legend

Former Kil-Tone Company Property Boundary

1,000 0 1,000

Feet

Cumberland

County

Former Kil-Tone Property

Vineland, NJ

39o

 28' 42.276"N, 75o 1' 31.76"W

6
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511PAUL-SUB-2A

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USC-SUB-3A

USC-SUR-9

USC-SUB-9A

USC-SUR-4

USC-SUB-4A

USC-SUR-5

USC-SUB-5A

USC-SUR-6

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610SS-SUR-2

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511PAUL-SUB-1A

615SE-SUR-2

615SE-SUB-2A

615SE-SUR-3

511PAUL-SUR-5

511PAUL-SUB-5A

Paul St

E Chestnut Ave

S West Blvd

S 7th St

Washington Ave

S 6th St

W Chestnut Ave

S East Blvd

S 6th St

S 7th St

S East Blvd

001 028

026

025

021

002

033

016

013

030

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009

015

027

034

020

008

022

004

032

005

003

023

006 007

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Former Kil-Tone Company

Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey

Figure 2

Source No. 1 Samples

Date Saved: 8/14/2015 

EPA Contract No.: EP-S5-13-01

TDD No.: S05-0005-1501-300

±

75 0 75

Feet

Legend

!( NJDEP Site Investigation

Sampling Location

!. EPA January and February

2015 Sampling Location

Parcel Boundary

FKT Property Boundary

Source No. 1

Former

Kil-Tone

Property

EPA January and February 2015

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs

AOC Area of observed contamination

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs

E Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs

F Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

G Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs

NJDEP August 2014

A Depth of 1.5 to 2 feet bgs 

NJDEP New Jersey Department of 

 Environmental Protection

SUB Subsurface soil

SUR Surface soil

Green Text

Blue Text

Source:

Streets: New Jersey Department of Environmental

Protection (NJDEP), Office of Information Resources

Management (OIRM), Bureau of Geographic Information

Systems (BGIS) and U.S. Census Bureau, 2003;

Property Boundary: Cumberland County Department

of Planning and Development and New Jersey Office

of Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic

Information Systems (OGIS), 2011; Ref. 13

Aerial Photograph: New Jersey Office of

Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic

Information Systems (OGIS), Natural Color Aerial Photo,

2012-2013;

Sampling Locations: Ref. 12, pp. 38 to 41; also see

Section 5.01 and Tables 17, 18, 19, and 20 of this Hazard

Ranking System documentation record.

7
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S Main Rd

S East Ave

E Landis Ave

S West Blvd

S Delsea Dr

S Mill Rd

W Landis Ave

S Orchard Rd

E Chestnut Ave

S East Blvd

E Park Ave

Elm Rd

W Chestnut Ave

W Park Ave

E Walnut Rd

W Walnut Rd

N Main Rd

Walnut Rd

N East Ave

N Mill Rd

N East Blvd

N West Ave

N West Blvd

N Delsea Dr

S West Ave

N Orchard Rd

Park Dr

Delsea Dr

Chestnut Ter

Park Ln

W Walnut Rd

S East Blvd

E Walnut Rd

S West Ave S West Ave

Former Kil-Tone Company

Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey

Figure 3

Background Soil Samples

Date Saved: 8/14/2015 

EPA Contract No.: EP-S5-13-01

TDD No.: S05-0005-1501-300

±

1,000 0 1,000

Feet

Legend

!. EPA January and February

2015 Sampling Location

FKT Property Boundary

Parcel with Background Location

Vineland

Cemetery

EPA January and February 2015

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

FKT-018-02-C

FKT-018-01-A

FKT-018-01-B

FKT-018-01-C

FKT-018-01-D

Landis

Park

South

Vineland

Park

Former

Kil-Tone

Property

FKT-036-01

FKT-036-02

FKT-038-01

FKT-038-02

Source:

Streets: New Jersey Department of Environmental

Protection (NJDEP), Office of Information Resources

Management (OIRM), Bureau of Geographic Information

Systems (BGIS) and U.S. Census Bureau, 2003;

Property Boundary: Cumberland County Department

of Planning and Development and New Jersey Office

of Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic

Information Systems (OGIS), 2011; Ref. 13

Aerial Photograph: New Jersey Office of

Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic

Information Systems (OGIS), Natural Color Aerial Photo,

2012-2013;

also see Section 5.01 and Tables 15 and 16

of this Hazard Ranking System documentation record

for references for background sampling locatons.

8
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(BACKGROUND

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(BACKGROUND

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(BACKGROUND

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(BACKGROUND

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SEDIMENT)

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S East Ave

S Mill Rd

Elm Rd

S Delsea Dr

S West Blvd

S East Blvd

S Orchard Rd

W Chestnut Ave

W Walnut Rd

Walnut Rd

E Walnut Rd

S West Ave

E Chestnut Ave

Chestnut Ter

S West Ave

W Walnut Rd

Parvin Branch

Tarkiln Branch

Former Kil-Tone Company

Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey

Date Saved: 8/13/2015 

EPA Contract No.: EP-S5-13-01

TDD No.: S05-0010-1501-400

±

500 0 500

Feet

Legend

!( Sediment (0" - 6")

#* Surface Water

!. Background Sediment (0" - 6")

#0 Background Surface Water

XW Wetland Verification Location

Stream

Zone of Contamination

FKT Property Boundary

Parcel Boundary

USFWS Wetlands

(PFO, PEM, PSS)

Former

Kil-Tone

Property

## - Number of sampling station on property 

### - Site-specific property ID assigned for project

FKT - Former Kil-Tone Company

PFO - Palustrine Forested

PEM - Palustrine Emergent

PSS - Palustrine Scrub/Shrub

Figure 4

Surface Water Migration Pathway

Observed Release 

Probable

Point of Entry

Source:

Streets: New Jersey Department of Environmental

Protection (NJDEP), Office of Information Resources

Management (OIRM), Bureau of Geographic Information

Systems (BGIS) and US Census Bureau, 2003;

Property Boundary: Cumberland County Department

of Planning and Development and New Jersey Office

of Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic

Information Systems (OGIS), 2011; Ref. 13

Aerial Photograph: New Jersey Office of Information

Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic Information

Systems (OGIS), Natural Color Aerial Photo, 2012-2013;

Wetlands: USFWS National Wetlands Inventory, 2012

(http://www.fws.gov/wetlands);

Hydrology: USGS National Hydrography Dataset, 2014

(http://nhd.usgs.gov);

Sampling Locations: Ref. 43, pp. 180 to 182; also see 

Section 4.1.2.1.1 and Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of this 

Hazard Ranking System documentation record.

9
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511PAUL-SUB-2A

USC-SUR-3

USC-SUB-3A

USC-SUR-9

USC-SUB-9A

USC-SUR-4

USC-SUB-4A

USC-SUR-5

USC-SUB-5A

USC-SUR-6

USC-SUB-6A USC-SUR-2

USC-SUB-2A

708SS-SUR-2

708SS-SUB-2A

610SS-SUR-2

610SS-SUB-2A

527EC-SUR-2

527EC-SUB-2A

513EC-SUR-2

513EC-SUB-2A

722SS-SUR-2

722SS-SUB-2A

619SE-SUB-1A

511PAUL-SUR-3

511PAUL-SUB-3A

511PAUL-SUR-1

511PAUL-SUB-1A

615SE-SUR-2

615SE-SUB-2A

615SE-SUR-3

511PAUL-SUR-5

511PAUL-SUB-5A

Paul St

E Chestnut Ave

S West Blvd

S 7th St

Washington Ave

S 6th St

W Chestnut Ave

S East Blvd

S 6th St

S 7th St

S East Blvd

001 028

026

025

021

002

033

016

013

030

012 014

009

015

027

034

020

008

022

004

032

005

003

023

006 007

010

Former Kil-Tone Company

Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey

Figure 5

AOC-A and 

Level I and II Properties

Prepared By: joel.peters

Date Saved: 8/14/2015 

EPA Contract No.: EP-S5-13-01

TDD No.: S05-0005-1501-300

±

75 0 75

Feet

Legend

!( NJDEP Site Investigation

Sampling Location

!. EPA January and February

2015 Sampling Location

AOC A

Parcel Boundary

Level I Property

Level II Property

FKT Property Boundary

Former

Kil-Tone

Property

EPA January and February 2015

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs

AOC Area of observed contamination

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs

E Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs

F Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

G Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs

NJDEP August 2014

A Depth of 1.5 to 2 feet bgs 

NJDEP New Jersey Department of 

 Environmental Protection

SUB Subsurface soil

SUR Surface soil

Green Text

Blue Text

Source:

Streets: New Jersey Department of Environmental

Protection (NJDEP), Office of Information Resources

Management (OIRM), Bureau of Geographic Information

Systems (BGIS) and U.S. Census Bureau, 2003;

Property Boundary: Cumberland County Department

of Planning and Development and New Jersey Office

of Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic

Information Systems (OGIS), 2011; Ref. 13

Aerial Photograph: New Jersey Office of

Information Technology (NJOIT), Office of Geographic

Information Systems (OGIS), Natural Color Aerial Photo,

2012-2013;

Sampling Locations: Reference No. 12; also see

Section 5.01 and Tables 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, and 25

of this Hazard Ranking System documentation record for 

references for sampling locations.

10
REFERENCES

1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Hazard Ranking System, Title 40 Code of Federal

Regulations Part 300, 55 Federal Register 51532. December 14, 1990. A complete copy of the

Hazard Ranking System can be obtained at the Regional docket upon request. A complete copy is

also available at: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/#HRS Rule. 138 Pages.

2. EPA. Superfund Chemical Data Matrix (SCDM). June 20, 2014. Excerpt, 50 Pages. A complete

copy of SCDM is available at: http://epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/hrsres/tools/scdm.htm.

3. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Millville Quadrangle, New

Jersey. 7.5 Minute Series (Topographic). Scale, 1:24,000. 1997. 1 Map. Note: Modified by Tetra

Tech on April 13, 2015 to add the Location of the Former Kil-Tone Company.

4. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Coordinates for the Former Kil-tone

Company in Vineland, New Jersey. Attachment: Google Earth Map. April 13, 2015. 2 Pages.

5. EPA. Region 2 Laboratory. Letter with Attachment. Regarding Kil-Tone -1502010. From: James

Ferretti, Acting Chief, Division of Environmental Science and Assessment (DESA)/Laboratory

Branch (LB). To: Amelia Jackson, Hazardous Waste Support Branch (HWSB), DESA/HWSP.

Attachment: Analytical Data Results for Project Number 1502010. February 27, 2015. 211 Pages.

6. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP). Site Remediation Program, Bureau

of Environmental Measurements and Site Assessment (BEMSA). Work Plan for Site Investigation.

Former Kil-Tone Company. August 4, 2014. 29 Pages.

7. EPA. NPL Listing History for Iceland Coin Laundry. New Jersey. EPA ID#: NJ0001360882.

October 8, 2014. 2 Pages.

8. Tetra Tech. Former Kil-Tone Site, Vineland, New Jersey, Soil Boring Logs. January 23, 2015. 33

Pages.

9. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Removal Assessment Residential 

Sampling Activities in the Vicinity of the Former Kil-Tone Company. Attachment: Field Sample

Collection Sheets. July 3, 2015. 94 Pages.

10. EPA. Superfund Enterprise Management System (SEMS). Former Kil-Tone Company. Accessed

on December 1, 2015. 1 Page.

11. EPA. NPL Listing History for Vineland Chemical Co., Inc. New Jersey. EPA ID#: NJD002385664.

September 21, 1984. 3 Pages.

12. NJDEP, Division of Remediation Support, BEMSA. Site Investigation. Former Kil-Tone

Company. 570 Pages.

13. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachments. Subject: Property Tax Information for 527 East

Chestnut Avenue, Vineland, Cumberland Co., NJ. Attachments: Property Detail and Property Tax

Information. August 14, 2015. 3 Pages.

14. State of New Jersey, Department of Law and Public Safety, Division of Criminal Justice.

Memorandum. Subject: Kiltone Chemical, Vineland, New Jersey. From: Steven J. Madonna, Chief,

Environmental Prosecutions Section. To: Gerrard Burke, Assistant Director, Office of Regulatory

Services. October 9, 1984. 1 Page.

15. Tetra Tech. Letter with Attachment. Regarding Sampling and Analysis Plan, Former Kil-Tone

Removal Assessment, Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey. EPA Contract No. EP-S5-13-01

11
(START IV, Region 5), EPA TDD No. 0010-1501-400, Document Tracking No.: 0129. 

Attachment: Sampling and Analysis Plan. January 23, 2015. 316 Pages.

16. EDR. Certified Sanborn Map Report for Former Kil-Tone Company. Inquiry Number: 4164617.3. 

December 18, 2014. 10 Pages.

17. Monograph of the Mercantile, Industrial and Professional Interests of Beautiful Vineland. Vineland 

Chamber of Commerce. 1920. Excerpt, 4 Pages.

18. NJDEP. Memorandum. Subject: Former Kil-Tone Company site, 527 E. Chestnut Ave., Vineland 

City, Cumberland Co. From: Robert Beretsky, Responsible Party Investigations Unit. To: Kevin 

Kratina, Assistant Director, Enforcement and Assignment Element. June 7, 2014. 5 Pages.

19. Gary R. Brown, LSRP. RT Environmental Services, Inc. Lerco Site, 520 Chestnut Avenue, 

Vineland, New Jersey. Remedial Investigation Report/Remedial Action Workplan. May 2013. 72 

Pages.

20. Flaster Greenberg, Attorney at Law. Letter Regarding Woodruff Marcacci Fuel Company now 

known as Lerco Fuel Oil Company, 520 Chestnut Avenue, Vineland, New Jersey 08361. NJDEP 

Case # 90-10-29-1132, EA ID # SUB06001, SRP# 012769. From: Mitchell H. Kizner, 

Flaster/Greenberg P.C. To: Matthew E. Turner, NJDEP. May 6, 2014. 4 Pages.

21. State of New Jersey, County of Cumberland. Affidavit of Adolph Franzoi. September 22, 1989. 4 

Pages.

22. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). 

Custom Soil Resource Report for Cumberland County, New Jersey. Former Kil-Tone Company and 

Vicinity. April 11, 2015. 16 Pages. 

23. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Soil Boring Logs. Attachment: NJDEP 

Soil Boring Logs. April 10, 2015. 5 Pages. 

24. EPA, Region 2 Laboratory. Letter Regarding Former Kil-Tone Company – 1408029. From: John 

R. Bourbon, Chief, DESA/LB. To: Kimberly McEvoy, NJDEP Site Remediation Program. October 

21, 2014. 236 Pages.

25. Aqua-tex. Underground Storage Tank Closure and Remedial Investigation Report. Lerco Fuel 

Company. March 23, 1994. 115 Pages.

26. City of Vineland, New Jersey. Existing Drainage from Landis Avenue to Parvins Branch and from 

Delsea Drive to Valley Avenue. December 29, 1989. Scale 1 inch = 400 feet. Excerpt, 2 Maps.

27. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Chain of Custody Records – August 

2014 Site Inspection Sampling Event. Attachment: Chain of Custody Records. April 9, 2015. 17 

Pages.

28. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Chain of Custody Records – January 

and February 2015 EPA Residential Soil Sampling Event. Attachment: Chain of Custody Records. 

April 9, 2015. 19 Pages.

29. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Soil Survey. Attachment: Soil Survey 

for background samples collected during the January and February 2015 removal assessment at the 

Former Kil-Tone Company property. April 13, 2015. 8 Pages.

30. U.S. Census Bureau. State and County QuickFacts for Cumberland County, New Jersey. Available 

at: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/34/34011.html. Accessed on July 5, 2015. 2 Pages. 

12
31. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File. Subject: USEPA Region 2 Laboratory Data Review Process and 

Definition of Reporting Limit. July 13, 2015. 1 Page.

32. EPA. Lead Arsenate EPA Pesticide Fact Sheet 12/86. Available at: 

http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/insect-mite/fenitrothion-methylpara/lead-arsenate/insect-profleadars.html. Accessed on April 9, 2015. 3 Pages. 

33. Washington State University. Historical use of lead arsenate insecticides, resulting soil 

contamination and implications for soil remediation. Available at:

http://soils.tfrec.wsu.edu/historical-use-of-lead-arsenate-insecticides/. Accessed on September 3, 

2015. 6 Pages. 

34. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations Bulletin 315. Analyses of Materials Sold as 

Insecticides and Fungicides for 1917. September 27, 1917. 16 Pages.

35. New Jersey AgriculturalExperiment Stations Bulletin 339. Analyses of Materials Sold as 

Insecticides and Fungicides for 1919. October 13, 1919. 21 Pages.

36. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations Bulletin 357. Analyses of Materials Sold as 

Insecticides and Fungicides for 1921. October 17, 1921. 22 Pages.

37. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations Bulletin 372. Analyses of Materials Sold as 

Insecticides and Fungicides for 1922. October 1922. 24 Pages.

38. Market Growers Journal. The Market Gardener’s Trade Paper. January 1, 1919. 117 Pages.

39. Cumberland County Improvement Authority. Cumberland County Business and Industry Guide 

2015-2016. 72 Pages.

40. EPA. Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Preparation and Analysis of Metals in Aqueous, TCLP 

Extracts, Soil/Sediment/Sludge, and Biological Tissue Samples by Inductively Coupled PlasmaAtomic Emission Spectrometry. SOP #: C-109. Revision #: 3.3. November 30, 2014. 50 Pages. 

41. EPA. Standard Operating Procedure. Guidance for Laboratory Data Review. SOP #: G-26. 

Revision # 1.3. October 31, 2014. 24 Pages.

42. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachments. Subject: NPL Sites in Vineland, New Jersey: 

Vineland Chemical Company and Iceland Coin Laundry. Attachments: Superfund Information 

System and Google Earth Map for Vineland Chemical Company and Superfund Information System 

and Google Earth Map for Iceland Coin Laundry. April 13, 2015. 15 Pages.

43. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: April 2015 Sampling Event – Surface 

Water Pathway Sampling – Former Kil-Tone. Attachment: Field Sample Sheets. June 15, 2015. 

184 Pages.

44. EPA, Region 2 Laboratory. Letter Regarding Former Kil-Tone - 1504031. From: Gregory J. 

Santacroce, Chief, DESA/LB. To: Amelia Jackson, Hazardous Waste Support Branch, 

DESA/HWSB. June 30, 2015. 246 Pages. 

45. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Flood Insurance Rate Map. City of Vineland, New 

Jersey, Cumberland County. Panel 15 of 35. July 5, 1982. Excerpt. 1 Map.

46. Tetra Tech. Letter with Attachment. Regarding Final Tarkiln Branch Sampling and Analysis Plan, 

Former Kil-Tone Removal Assessment, Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey. EPA Contract 

No. EP-S5-13-01 (START IV, Region 5), EPA TDD No. 0010-1501-400, Document Tracking No.: 

(DTN) 0170. Attachment: Sampling and Analysis Plan. April 10, 2015. 397 Pages.

13
47. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Chain of Custody Records for the EPA 

April 2015 Sampling Event – Tarkiln Branch and Parvin Branch in the Vicinity of the Former KilTone Company. Attachment: Chain of Custody Records. July 13, 2015. 22 Pages.

48. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: USEPA Region 2 Laboratory Data 

Review – EPA April 2015 Removal Assessment Sampling Event, Former Kil-Tone Company. 

Attachment: Data Review Documentation. July 12, 2015. 244 Pages. 

49. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: USEPA Region 2 Laboratory Data 

Review – August 2014 – New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Site Inspection, 

Former Kil-Tone Company. Attachment: Data Review Documentation. July 12, 2015. 59 Pages.

50. EPA, Region 2, Division of Environmental Science and Assessment, Laboratory Branch. Standard 

Operating Procedure for Total Organic Carbon – Sediments. SOP #: C-88. Revision #: 2.6. 

Effective Date October 31, 2014. 19 Pages.

51. NJDEP, Bureau of Environmental Measurements and Site Assessment (BEMSA). Logbook Notes 

for Former Kil-Tone Company. August 2014. 26 Pages.

52. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: USEPA Region 2 Laboratory Data 

Review – EPA January and February 2015 Removal Assessment Sampling Event, Former Kil-Tone 

Company. Attachment: Data Review Documentation. July 12, 2015. 54 Pages.

53. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: EPA June and July 2015 Sampling 

Activities at the Former Kil-Tone Company. Attachment: Photographs. July 8, 2015. 2 Pages.

54. EPA. Using Qualified Data to Document an Observed Release and Observed Contamination. EPA 

540-F-94-028. November 1996. 18 Pages. 

55. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File. Subject: Hazardous Waste Quantity for Source No. 1 and AOC A. 

July 15, 2015. 2 Pages. 

56. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Resident Population in AOC A. 

Attachment: Resident Population Questionnaires. April 10, 2015. 65 Pages. 

57. USDA, Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Notice of Judgment Under the Insecticide Act. 

Issued November 28, 1932. 22 Pages. 

58. EPA, Region 2, Division of Environmental Science and Assessment Laboratory Branch. Standard 

Operating Procedure for the Determination of Metals in Aqueous, TCLP Extracts, Soil/Sediment, 

Sludge, and Biological Tissue Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission 

Spectrometry. SOP#: C-109. Revision Number: 3.2. Effective Date August 31, 2012. 28 Pages. 

59. EPA, Region 2, Division of Environmental Science and Assessment Laboratory Branch. Standard 

Operating Procedure for Guidance for Laboratory Data Review. SOP #: G-26. Revision # 1.2. 

Effective Date June 15, 2012. 12 Pages. 

60. USGS. Water Data Report 2013. 01411500 Maurice River at Norma, New Jersey, Maurice River 

Basin. 2013. 3 Pages.

61. EDR. The EDR Aerial Photo Decade Report, Enhanced with Aerial Viewpoint. Former Kil-Tone 

Company. Inquiry Number: 4164617.9. December 18, 2014. 18 Pages. 

62. Tetra Tech. Wetland Presence/Absence Determination for the Former Kil-Tone Site, Vineland, 

Cumberland County, New Jersey. Program Interest # 648249. July 2015. 86 Pages.

14
63. Tetra Tech. Electronic Mail Correspondence. Subject: RE: Former Kil-Tone. Between: Sandra 

Harrigan, Environmental Scientist and Kim McEvoy, NJDEP, BEMSA. July 21, 2015. 2 Pages.

64. New Jersey Birding & Wildlife Trails. Union Lake Wildlife Management Area. Available at: 

http://www.njwildlifetrails.org/DelawareBayshoreTrails/Sites/tabid/440/Scope/site/Guide/DELBAY

SH/Site/84/Version/2c/Default.aspx. Accessed on June 17, 2015. 2 Pages.

65. NJDEP. 2013 Fish Smart, Eat Smart. A Guide to Health Advisories for Eating Fish and Crabs 

Caught in New Jersey Waters. Available at: http://www.nj.gov/dep/dsr/fishadvisories/2013-finalfish-advisories.pdf. 79 Pages.

66. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Partnership Wild & Scenic Rivers, The 

Maurice Wild and Scenic River. Available at: 

http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/pwsr/maurice_pwsr_sub.html. Accessed on July 16, 2015. 2 

Pages.

67. EPA, On-Scene Coordinator. Site Profile, Former Kil-Tone Site, Vineland, NJ – EPA Region II. 

Available at: http://epaosc.org/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=9959. Accessed on July 18, 2015. 8 

Pages.

68. Tetra Tech. Surface Water Migration Pathway – 15-Mile Target Distance Limit. USGS 7.5 Minute 

Series Topographic Quadrangle Maps of New Jersey: Dividing Creek 1986, Five Points 1994, Port 

Elizabeth 1994, and Millville 1997. Scale 1:24,000. 1 Map.

69. EPA. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Available at: 

http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/lfra.html. Last Updated on June 27, 2012. 9 Pages. 

70. USDA, FDA. Notices of Judgment Under the Insecticide Act, 1176-1190. Issued October 1930. 16 

Pages.

71. USDA, FDA. Notices of Judgment Under the Insecticide Act, 1191-1200. Issued January 1931. 16 

Pages.

72. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File. Subject: EPA April 2015 Sampling Event – Description of 

Sediment in Tarkiln and Parvin Branches. July 28, 2015. 1 Page.

73. NJDEP, Division of Science, Research, and Technology. Environmental Assessment and Risk 

Analysis Element, Research Project Summary. Ambient Levels of Metals in New Jersey Soils, 

Abstract. Prepared by Paul F. Sanders, PhD. May 2003. Note: Annotated by Tetra Tech to Show 

the Location of Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey and the Mean Arsenic and Lead 

Concentrations in the Upper Coastal Plain. 6 Pages.

74. Tetra Tech. Record of Telephone Conversation. Between Sandra Harrigan, Environmental Scientist 

and Christopher Smith, Principal Fisheries Biologist, New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife. 

July 29, 2015. 1 Page.

75. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachments. Subject: Historical Property Deeds. 

Attachments: Historical Property Deeds for Former Kil-Tone Site Property. July 29, 2015. 33

Pages.

76. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic 

Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Arsenic. August 2007. 559 

Pages. 

77. NJDEP, Division of Fish and Wildlife. Map of Union Lake Wildlife Management Area. 

Cumberland Count, Vineland City and Salem County, Pittsgrove Township. Available at: 

http://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/pdf/wmamaps/union_lake.pdf. Accessed on August 2, 2015. 1 Map.

15
78. NJDEP. Division of Fish and Wildlife. New Jersey’s Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. 

Available at: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/fgw/tandespp.htm. Attachments: Wildlife Notes for Bald 

Eagle and Osprey. Accessed on June 17, 2015. 9 Pages.

79. Accutest Laboratories. Technical Report for Tetra Tech EMI. Kil-Tone Company, Vineland, New 

Jersey. Accutest Job Number JB88391. Sampling Dates: January 23, 2015 through February 4, 

2015. February 26, 2015. 205 Pages.

80. Ebasco Services Incorporated. REM III Program. Remedial Planning Activities at Selected 

Uncontrolled Hazardous Substances Disposal Sites. EPA Contract No. 68-01-7250. Attachment: 

Remedial Investigation Report for Vineland Chemical. June 1989. 272 Pages.

81. Delaware River Basin Commission. National Wild and Scenic Rivers. Creation of the National 

Wild and Scenic River System. Available at: http://www.state.nj.us/drbc/basin/wild.html. Last 

modified: February 24, 2015. Attachment: 1 Map. 3 Pages.

82. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachments. Subject: Contaminated Wetland Frontage along 

Tarkiln Branch downstream of the FKT Property. Attachments: Table with Wetland Frontage 

Calculation and Maps Depicting Wetland Segments. August 11, 2015. 5 Pages.

83. EPA. Electronic Mail Correspondence. Subject: Kil-tone Forensic Results – Copper Isotopes. 

Between: Jon C. Gabry, PhD, Chief, Hazardous Waste Support Branch, Region 2 and Kimberly 

Staiger, Amelia Jackson, Mel Hauptman, James Desir, Ildefonso Acosta, and Kevin Kubik, Region 

2. August 18, 2015. 1 Page.

84. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File. Subject: Former Kil-Tone – Residential Soil Samples. August 20, 

2015. 1 Page.

85. Tetra Tech. Project Note to File with Attachment. Subject: Former Kil-Tone Company – NJDEP 

2014 SI: Nomenclature and Collection Techniques of Soil Samples. Attachment: Sample 

Nomenclature Diagrams. August 20, 2015. 2 Pages.

86. EPA. Facility Registry System Query Results. Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey.

Available at: http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/fii/fii_query_java.html, search terms: City Name –

“Vineland”, County Name – “Cumberland”, State – “New Jersey”. Accessed on August 21, 2015. 

23 Pages.

87. EPA. Facility Registry Detail Report. Agway Inc Energy Products Vineland Bulk Plant. Available 

at: 

http://iaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_detail.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=110001981954. 

Accessed on August 21, 2015. 2 Pages.

88. Cornell University. Copper Sulfate (Bluestone) Herbicide Profile 3/83. Chemical Factsheet for 

Copper Sulfate. Available at: http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/herb-growthreg/cacodyliccymoxanil/copper-sulfate/herb-prof-copper-sulfate.html. Accessed on August 31, 2015. 5 Pages.

 

16
SITE DESCRIPTION

The Former Kil-Tone (FKT) site is the result of a release of arsenic and lead to soil on commercial and 

residential properties and surface water, sediments, and wetlands of Tarkiln Branch, which receives

runoff from the Former Kil-Tone Company (Kil-Tone). More specifically, for HRS scoring purposes, the 

FKT site includes Source No. 1 and area of observed contamination (AOC A), both of which are 

contaminated soil throughout the FKT property, as well as on residential and commercial properties 

surrounding FKT, and surface water and sediment in Tarkiln Branch (Refs. 5, pp. 13, 17, 20, 35, 38, 44, 

45, 47, 52, 54, 66, 68, 73, 75, 78, 83, 86, 103, 134, 150, 153, 160, 190, 200; 24, pp. 15, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 

31, 32, 35, 36, 44, 48, 49, 152; 44, pp. 59, 75, 82, 83, 85, 89, 90, 226 to 229). Tarkiln Branch receives 

runoff from the FKT property (Ref. 26). According to the U.S. Geological Survey Topographic 

Quadrangle Map of Millville, New Jersey, 1997, Tarkiln Branch is a perennial surface water body (Ref. 

3). During EPA field activities conducted in February, April, and July 2015, surface water was present at 

the headwaters of Tarkiln Branch (Ref. 53). Arsenic and lead also have been detected in AOC A, which 

is comprised of the FKT property, and about 32 residential and commercial properties that surround the 

FKT property (see Section 5.0.1, General Considerations and Figure 5 of this HRS documentation 

record). During sampling activities, fill material was encountered in some of the soil borings; the fill 

material included concrete, red brick, coarse sand, coarse black sand, coarse orange and orange black 

sand with asphalt, brick shards, plastic, terra cotta, dark brown soil fill, various types of variegated dark 

brown soil and fill, coal fragments, coal ash, silt, small shards of coal, porcelain, rock shards, slag, and 

trash (Refs. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 34; 23, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4). 

Source No. 1 and AOC A are not entirely composed of fill (Ref. 8, pp. 3 through 33). Samples collected 

from Source No. 1 and AOC A were soil that primarily were course sands, loamy sands, sandy loams 

(Refs. 8, pp. 3 through 33; 23, pp. 2 through 5; 51, pp. 5, 6, 8). Source No. 1, AOC A, and Tarkiln 

Branch likely became contaminated as the result of filling and other modes of deposition including the 

dispersion of dust in ambient air and surface water runoff (Refs. 8, pp. 3 through 33; 21, pp. 1, 2, 3; 26; 

43, p. i).

The FKT property encompasses about 1.05 acres of land and is located at 527 East Chestnut Avenue in 

Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey (Refs. 12, p. 1; 13, pp. 2, 3; 16, pp. 7, 8) (see Figure 1 of this 

Hazard Ranking System [HRS] documentation record). More specifically, the geographic coordinates, as 

measured from sample USC-SUR-9/USC-SUB-9A collected during New Jersey Department of 

Environmental Protection (NJDEP) site investigation (SI), are latitude 39° 28' 42.276" north and 

longitude 75° 1' 31.76" west (Ref. 4). The EPA identification number, as recorded in the Superfund 

Enterprise Management System (SEMS) database, is NJN000200874 (Ref. 10). From 1910 to the 1930s, 

Kil-Tone manufactured the pesticide arsenate of lead on the property (Refs. 12, pp. 2, 3; 17, p. 2). 

Arsenate of lead is also known as lead arsenate (see Ref. 34, p. 9). The FKT site comprises contaminated 

soil at and adjacent to the property (Refs. 5, pp. 13, 15, 17, 20, 23, 26, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47, 50, 

52, 54, 55, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 75, 78, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 93, 103, 134, 139, 144, 150, 153, 

160, 163, 172, 187, 190, 200, 201, 207; 24, pp. 15, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 35, 36, 44, 48, 49, 55, 64, 

69, 72, 73, 76, 80, 87, 95, 100, 103, 107, 113, 116, 121, 122, 126, 129, 130, 137, 138, 151, 157, 161, 164, 

168, 169, 172, 174, 178, 182, 186, 187, 196, 210, 211, 220, 225, 228, 229). 

According to Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps dated 1919 and 1925, buildings previously located on the 

property includes an acid plant, a tank room, an engine room, and a manufacturing building for grinding, 

mixing, pressing, and storage of pesticides (Refs. 12, pp. 2, 3; 16, pp. 7, 8). A laboratory was constructed 

around 1919 on the southwestern corner of the property (Ref. 16, p. 8). An artesian well and a valve pit 

were also identified in the center of the FKT property (Refs. 12, pp. 2, 3; 16, pp. 7, 8). The 1919, 1925, 

and 1949 Sanborn maps depict railroad spurs entering the property at the northwest corner. One railroad 

spur terminated on the western side of a building marked as storage of finished goods and the other 

railroad spur ended north of a building marked as tank room, mixing and pressing (Ref. 16, pp. 7, 8). By 

1949, additions were made to the original buildings (Ref. 16, p. 6). The 1968 Sanborn map depicts a new 

17
building on the west side of the original buildings and the railroad spur on the western property boundary 

was no longer present (Ref. 16, p. 5). The current configuration of the building on the property has been 

in place since at least 1956 (Refs. 61, pp. 6 through 18; 75, p. 33). Based on an historic aerial 

photograph, the original buildings were raised around 1974 (Ref. 61, p. 9).

The FKT property is bordered to the north by East Chestnut Avenue and residential and commercial 

properties beyond, to the east by residential properties, to the south by Paul Street and residential and 

commercial properties beyond, and to the west by South East Boulevard followed by railroad tracks and 

residential and commercial properties beyond (see Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). The 

topography of the FKT property and the surrounding area is generally flat (Ref. 3) (see also Figure 1 of 

this HRS documentation record). 

OPERATIONAL HISTORY

Kil-Tone began operations at the property in 1910 manufacturing the pesticide arsenate of lead (Refs. 12, 

p. 2; 18, p. 3). In the mid-1920s, Kil-Tone was acquired by John Lucas & Company, which formed the 

Lucas Kil-Tone Company (Lucas Kil-Tone) (Refs. 12. p. 3; 75, pp. 5, 6, 7). Lucas Kil-Tone continued 

manufacturing arsenic-based pesticides on the property (Ref. 12, 2, p. 3). Around 1930, John Lucas & 

Company was acquired by the Sherwin Williams Company. Lucas Kil-Tone operated as a subsidiary of 

Sherwin Williams until they ceased operations in the 1930s (Ref. 12, pp. 1, 3). The 1949 and 1968 

Sanborn maps indicate that the Uddo Taormina Company Food Products occupied the property and 

configurations of the buildings had changed (Ref. 16, pp. 5, 6). Since that time, several entities have 

operated on the property (Ref. 12, p. 3). The current owner of the property is Urban Manufacturing and 

the operator is Urban Sign & Crane, Inc. (Refs. 12, p. 3; 18, pp. 3, 4; 39).

Lead arsenate is a pentavalent form of inorganic arsenic, which exists normally as white crystals with no 

discernible odor, and contains about 22 percent arsenic and is slightly soluble in cold water (Ref. 32, p. 

1). Inorganic arsenicals are known to be acutely toxic (Ref. 32, p. 2). Lead arsenate was the most 

extensively used of the arsenical insecticides. It was first used as an insecticide in 1892 against the gypsy 

moth in Massachusetts (Ref. 33, p. 1). Lead arsenate’s low solubility and, when applied in foliar sprays, 

ability to adhere well to plants, made it useful to farmers. Initially, it was prepared by farmers at home by 

reacting soluble lead salts with sodium arsenate (Ref. 33, p. 1). In 1919, it was discovered that standard 

practices for washing produce were failing to adequately remove arsenic residues (Ref. 33, p. 2). 

Unfortunately, all of the tested alternative materials were found to provide less effective insect control or 

were more toxic to plants and animals (Ref. 33, p. 2). No adequate substitutes were found until 1947, 

when the synthetic organic insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was introduced (Ref. 33, p. 

2). The partial or complete substitution of DDT for lead arsenate continued through the mid-1960s. In 

August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned all insecticidal uses of lead 

arsenate (Ref. 33, p. 2). 

Information obtained from the Vineland Chamber of Commerce and the New Jersey Experiment Stations 

that date between 1917 and 1926 indicate that specific products manufactured by Kil-Tone included 

Green Cross Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead, Green Cross Standard Arsenate of Lead (paste), Green 

Cross Sulpho-arsenate Powder, Green Cross Sulphur and Arsenate of Lead Mixture, Modified Kil-Tone, 

Improved Kil-Tone, Fruit Kil-Tone, Bordeaux Mixture, Dry Powdered Arsenite of Zinc, and Beetle Mort 

(Refs. 17, pp. 1, 2; 34, pp. 9, 13, 14; 35, pp. 9, 19, 20; 36, pp. 10, 17, 18; 37, pp. 10, 13, 19, 20; 38, pp. 

26-(106), 26-(154)). Based on the timeframe during which FKT operated, these products were regulated 

under the Insecticide Act of 1910 (Ref. 69, p. 1; 70, p. 126).

Early pesticide control laws were aimed at protecting consumers against ineffective products and 

deceptive labeling (Ref. 69, p. 2). In September 1932, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 

issued a Notice of Judgment Under the Insecticide Act against the Lucas Kil-Tone Co. for the adulteration 

18
and misbranding of Bordo (lead arsenate) and Green Cross Nico-Tone (Ref. 57, pp. 121, 125, 126). In 

this judgment, the Lucas Kil-Tone Co. pleaded guilty and paid a $490 fine (Ref. 57, pp. 125, 126, 127). 

This action involved shipments of Bordo Lead Arsenate and Green Cross Nico-Tone that contained 

ingredients (for example calcium arsenate) that were not declared on the label and greater percentages of 

arsenic in water soluble form than declared on the label (Ref. 57, pp. 125, 126, 127). In 1929 and 1930, 

Lucas Kil-Tone also was issued a Notice of Judgment for adulteration and misbranding of Green Cross 

Beetle Mort (Refs. 70, pp. 66, 67, 69, 70; 71, p. 88). The products contained ingredients that were 

inconsistent with the label including, a greater amount of water-soluble arsenic expressed as metallic 

(Refs. 70, pp. 66, 67, 69, 70; 71, p. 88).

PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS

Limited number of previous environmental investigations have been conducted at and in the vicinity of 

the FKT property. Table 1 lists the previous investigations at the FKT property including the hazardous 

substances detected in the samples collected. A brief summary of these investigations is provided 

following Table 1.

TABLE 1: Summary of Previous Investigations

Company/

Agency Investigation Date

Samples 

Collected

Hazardous 

Substances 

Detected References

NJDEP, BEMSA Site 

Investigation

August 2014 Soil, sediment, 

and ground 

water

Arsenic

Lead

12, pp. 9 

through 17, 

22, 28

EPA Region 2 Removal 

Assessment

January 2015 and 

ongoing

Soil Arsenic

Lead

5, pp. 11 

through 210

Notes:

BEMSA Bureau of Environmental Measurements and Site Assessment

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

NJDEP New Jersey Department of Environmental Management

In August 2014, the NJDEP, Bureau of Environmental Measurements and Site Assessment (BEMSA) 

conducted a site investigation (SI) of the FKT property (Ref. 12, pp. 1, 7, 32). The SI included the 

collection of ground water, surface water, sediment, and surface and subsurface soil samples at the FKT 

property (currently occupied by Urban Sign & Crane), and on residential, commercial, and vacant lots 

within 1 block north, east, south, and west of the FKT property (Ref/. 12, pp. 32, 33, 38 through 42). 

Ground water samples revealed the presence of arsenic (up to 14,000 μg/L) and lead (at 24 μg/L) above 

background (Ref. 12, pp. 22, 38). Surface water samples collected from Tarkiln Branch revealed the 

presence of arsenic, (up to 260 μg/L) and lead (at 71 μg/L) (Ref. 12, pp. 28, 42). Sediment samples 

collected from Tarkiln Branch contained arsenic (up to 4.4 mg/kg) and lead (up to 410 mg/kg) (Ref. 12, 

pp. 28, 42). The highest concentrations of arsenic and lead in soil samples collected within 2 feet of 

ground surface were detected in the northwestern portion of the FKT property at 3,000 mg/kg and 3,100 

mg/kg, respectively (Ref. 12, pp. 10, 38). In addition to the shallow samples (within 2 feet of ground 

surface), soil samples were collected up to 6 feet below ground surface (bgs) on the FKT property (Ref. 

12, pp. 9 through 14). A subsurface soil sample collected in the western portion of the FKT property at 4 

feet bgs contained arsenic and lead at 5,800 mg/kg and 3,600 mg/kg (Ref. 12, pp. 10, 38).

During the SI, NJDEP BEMSA also collected surface and subsurface soil samples on residential, 

commercial, and vacant properties within 1 block north, south, and east of the FKT property (Ref. 12, pp. 

8, 39, 40, 41). The results of the samples collected indicated that soils on the FKT property, as well as 

19
residential and commercial properties north, south, and east, of the FKT property were impacted by 

arsenic and lead (Ref. 12, pp. 12, 14, 16, 38 to 41). Arsenic and lead were detected as high as 95 mg/kg 

and 1,100 mg/kg within 2 feet of ground surface on residential properties northwest and north, 

respectively of the FKT property (Ref. 12, pp. 15, 16, 41). During sampling activities, NJDEP observed 

fill in the soil borings from 1.5 to 2.5 feet (18 to 24 inches) bgs (Refs. 23, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4; 51, pp. 5, 6, 8). 

Based on the results of the SI, NJDEP submitted the FKT property to the EPA Region 2 Removal Branch 

for removal considerations to protect human health from the arsenic and lead concentrations in soil on 

residential and commercial properties (Ref. 12, pp. 32, 33).

In January 2015, the EPA Region 2 Emergency Response and Removal Division initiated a removal 

assessment to determine whether arsenic concentrations in soils in the vicinity of the FKT property are 

present at concentrations that could pose a threat to public health and the environment (Ref. 15, p. 1). 

During the initial stage of the removal assessment, EPA communicated with residents in the study area 

and obtained site access and population data for the residential properties (Ref. 9, p. i). Based on the 

properties where site access was granted, EPA sampled about 32 residential properties located north, 

south, and east of the FKT property. Soil samples were not collected at the FKT property during this 

investigation (Refs. 5, pp. 2 through 8; 9, p. i; 15, p. 11). Surface and subsurface soil samples were 

collected at multiple locations throughout each residential property and at multiple depth intervals 

including 0 to 2 inches bgs, 2 to 6 inches bgs, 6 to 12 inches bgs, and 12 to 24 inches bgs (Refs. 9, p. i; 

15, pp. 3, 4, 5). The samples were screened with an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument, which was 

used to select samples that were sent to the EPA Region 2 laboratory and an EPA Contract Laboratory 

Program laboratory for analysis of EPA Target Analyte List (TAL) metals including mercury (Ref. 9, p. 

i). Based on the XRF results, 237 samples were submitted to the fixed laboratories for analysis (Refs. 9, 

p. i; 15, p. 3). Background samples were collected from local parks and a cemetery in Vineland, New 

Jersey for comparison to the residential properties (Ref. 9, p. i).

The highest concentration of arsenic (1,000 mg/kg) was detected in the 2- to 6-inch interval on a property 

located about 190 feet northwest of the FKT property (Refs. 5, p. 160; 9, pp. 19 to 21). The highest 

concentration of lead (2,500 mg/kg) was detected in the 6- to 12-inch interval on a property located about 

380 feet northwest of the FKT property (Refs. 5, p. 40; 9, pp. 31 to 33) (see Figure 2 of this HRS 

documentation record). During sampling activities, fill material was encountered in the soil borings 

advanced on the residential properties (Ref. 8, pp. 4 through 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 33).

In April 2015, EPA collected surface water samples from a puddle of water and storm drains on the FKT 

property (Ref. 43, pp. 19 to 22). Arsenic and lead were detected in the puddle of water at 200 and 460 

μg/L, respectively (Ref. 44, p. 235). The surface water samples collected in the storm drains contained 

arsenic up to 13,000 μg/L and lead up to 39,000 μg/L (Ref. 44, p. 237). EPA also collected surface water 

and sediment samples from the in-stream segment, floodplain, banks, and wetlands of Tarkiln Branch 

(Refs. 43, p. i; 46, pp. 6 to 10). Arsenic and lead were detected in the surface water samples up to 360 

μg/L and 16 μg/L, respectively (Ref. 44, pp. 227, 229). Arsenic and lead were detected in the sediment 

samples up to 1,400 mg/kg and 2,200 mg/kg, respectively (Ref. 44, p. 98). 

EPA investigations at the FKT property are ongoing (Ref. 43, p. i; 53, p. 1). EPA is conducting soil 

sampling on residential properties as access to properties is granted, if laboratory results indicate that the 

extent of the soil contamination need further delineation, and to determine which properties may warrant 

a removal action (Ref. 53, p. 1). The residential soil sampling was expanded to include additional 

properties to determine the extent of contamination. From June 8 to July 1, 2015, soil sampling was 

conducted at 35 out of 48 residential properties targeted for Phase II residential sampling. To date, about 

827 soil samples have been collected and sent to the EPA Region 2 Division of Environmental Science 

and Assessment (DESA) laboratory for EPA TAL metals analysis (Ref. 67, p. 1).

20
On June 22, 2015, the EPA Environmental Response Team (ERT) initiated a high resolution 

characterization of the soils at the FKT property using Cone Penetrometer Technology/XRF (CPT/XRF) 

equipment to determine the horizontal and vertical extent of contamination on the FKT property (Ref. 67, 

pp. 2, 3, 5). During the study, the EPA ERT used a Geoprobe drill rig to collect soil cores for visual 

comparison to the CPT logs. In addition, confirmation soil samples, for comparison to the XRF screening 

results, were collected from the soil cores and submitted to a fixed laboratory for analysis (Ref. 67, pp. 2, 

3, 5). XRF screening results using the CPT/XRF equipment indicated arsenic concentrations as high as 

47,000 parts per million (ppm; equivalent to mg/kg) and lead concentrations as high as 119,280 ppm in 

the soils near the former rail spur (Ref. 67, pp. 2, 3, 5). According to the Sanborn Fire Insurance maps of 

1919, 1925, and 1949 there were rail spurs in the north and west sides of the FKT property (Ref. 16, p. 6, 

7, 8). The 1968 Sanborn map shows only one rail spur in the northern portion of the site (Ref. 16, p. 5). 

Also, field XRF screening of the soil borings collected near the location of the former grinding house 

recorded concentrations of both arsenic and lead at 100 percent (Ref. 67, p. 2). Product was observed in a 

soil sample at 18 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 67, p. 8). The 1919 and 1925 Sanborn maps depict the grinding 

room (house) in the southern portion of the property along E. Chestnut Avenue (Ref. 16, pp. 7, 8).

21
Source No. 1

2.2 SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION

2.2.1 SOURCE IDENTIFICATION

Number of source: 1

Name of source: Contaminated soil 

Source Type: Contaminated soil

Description and Location of Source (with reference to a map of site):

Source No. 1 is contaminated soil, which contains arsenic and lead above background levels, throughout 

the FKT property, as well as on residential and commercial properties surrounding the FKT property 

(Refs. 5, pp. 13, 17, 20, 35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 52, 54, 66, 68, 73, 75, 78, 83, 86, 103, 134, 150, 153, 160, 190, 

200; 24, pp. 15, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 35, 36, 44, 48, 49, 152) (see Figure 2 of this HRS 

documentation record). Soil samples that meet observed release criteria were used to delineate Source 

No. 1 (Ref. 1, Table 2-3). Soil within Source No. 1 likely became contaminated because of the use of fill 

material, surface water runoff, and air deposition (Refs. 21, p. 2). During sampling activities, fill material 

was observed on the FKT property and several residential properties within Source No. 1. Fill material 

observed during soil sampling included concrete, red brick, coarse sand, coarse black sand, coarse orange 

and orange black sand with asphalt, brick shards, plastic, terra cotta, dark brown soil fill, various types of 

variegated dark brown soil and fill, coal fragments, coal ash, silt, small shards of coal, porcelain, rock 

shards, slag, and trash (Refs. 23, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4; 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 

31, 33). The fill material was mixed with the soil, which was primarily course sands, loamy sands, and 

sandy loams (Ref. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33). Fill material is not 

continuous throughout individual properties or on all properties that comprise Source No. 1 (Ref. 8, pp. 4, 

5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33). Arsenic and lead have been detected at 

varying concentrations in soil samples collected from Source No. 1 (Ref. 5, pp. 12 through 210). This 

inconsistent nature of arsenic and lead contamination in the soils of Source No. 1 is characteristic for 

deposition by wind-blown particulates (Ref. 76, pp. 3, 15, 313). Because the soil and fill material are 

mixed, Source No. 1 is evaluated as contaminated soil. 

Kil-Tone began operations at the property in the late 1910s manufacturing the pesticide arsenate of lead 

(Ref. 12, p. 2). Lead arsenate is a pentavalent form of inorganic arsenic (Ref. 32, p. 1). In a 1989 

affidavit, a resident confirmed that while Kil-Tone was in operation, a green and white dust typically 

coated the ground and rooftops, as well as along the shore of Tarkiln Branch, near the FKT property (Ref. 

21, pp. 1, 2). 

Arsenic and lead have been detected in Source No. 1, which is comprised of the FKT property, and about 

32 residential and commercial properties that surround the FKT property. The extent of Source No. 1 is 

determined by contaminated soil samples contained in Tables 18 and 20 of this HRS documentation 

record. EPA is evaluating analytical results of samples collected during the removal assessment to 

determine what properties are located in impacted areas and which ones will need to be considered for a 

removal action (Ref. 67, p. 1). In accordance with Section 5.0.1 General Considerations, of the HRS, 

areas lying between sampling locations, except those areas that are covered by an impenetrable material, 

are included in Source No. 1 (Ref. 1, Section 5.0.1) (see also Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). 

22 Source Characterization
Source No. 1

2.2.2 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SOURCE

Source No. 1 is characterized by soil samples collected during the August 2014 NJDEP SI and the EPA 

January and February 2015 removal assessment. An evaluation of samples collected from two local 

parks, a cemetery, and the soil samples collected in August 2014 and January and February 2015 was 

conducted to establish background levels. Based on the analytical results, the parks and cemetery, located 

north, northwest, and southwest of Source No. 1, do not appear to have been impacted by past operations 

at the FKT property (Refs. 5, pp. 56, 57, 58, 59, 63, 114 through 121, 122 through 130). In addition to 

the samples collected from areas outside the influence of the FKT property, soil samples collected within 

Source No. 1 that did not meet observed release criteria were evaluated to establish background levels. 

This evaluation revealed that some soil samples contained low levels of arsenic and lead at concentrations 

that ranged from 1.4 mg/kg (615SE-SUB-1A) to 6.5 mg/kg for arsenic (FKT-030-04-A, FKT-033-02-A, 

and FKT-034-02-A) and 4.0 mg/kg (728SS-SUB-1A) to 7.1 mg/kg (511PAUL-SUB-6A) for lead (Refs. 

5, pp. 88, 110, 111; 24, pp. 91, 142, 165). Also, between 1996 and 2001, NJDEP conducted a study to 

determine the ambient levels of metals in New Jersey soils (Ref. 73, p. 1). Cumberland County is located 

in the Urban Coastal Plain (Ref. 73, p. 2). Soil samples were collected from various parks because those 

soils likely had not been disturbed for some time (Ref. 73, p. 2). The study revealed that the average 

concentrations of arsenic and lead were 5.2 mg/kg and 37.6 mg/kg, respectively (Ref. 73, p. 3). As a 

result of the background evaluation, it was determined that arsenic and lead concentrations detected in 

soil samples collected at Landis Park located about 5,280 feet or 1 mile north of the FKT property are 

adequate to establish background levels for comparison to samples collected in Source No. 1 (Refs. 5, pp. 

56, 57, 58, 59, 63; 9, pp. 48, 49, 50). Samples collected from Landis Park were collected during the EPA 

January and February 2015 removal assessment (Ref. 9, pp. i, 48, 49, 50), 

Soil samples that comprise Source No. 1 were collected in 2014 and 2015 throughout the FKT property 

and from residential and commercial properties located in the immediate vicinity of the FKT property 

(Refs. 9, p. i, ii; 12, pp. 8, 38 to 41). Soil samples evaluated for Source No. 1 were collected at depths 

ranging from 0 to 24 inches bgs (Refs. 9, p. i, 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 26, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 51, 

54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 75, 78, 81, 84; 15, pp. 3, 4; 12, pp. 9, 10; 51, pp. 3 to 46). The contaminated soil 

samples contained arsenic and lead at elevated concentrations in accordance with Table 2-3 of the HRS 

(Ref. 1, p. 51589, Section 2.3 (see Tables 16, 18, and 19 of this HRS documentation record)). The Source 

No. 1 soil samples depicted on Figure 2 and listed in Tables 18 and 19 of this HRS documentation record 

are evaluated as contaminated soil possibly impacted by past operations at the FKT property (See Tables 

18 and 19 of the HRS documentation record). The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

ATSDR Toxicological Profile for arsenic indicates that once released, arsenic cannot be destroyed in the 

environment (Ref. 76, p. 3). During operations, Kil-Tone and Lucas Kil-Tone were issued Notices of 

Judgments under the Federal Insecticide Act for adulteration and misbranding of Green Cross Beetle Mort 

(Refs. 70, pp. 66, 67, 69; 71, p. 88). The products contained ingredients that were inconsistent with the 

label including, a greater amount of water-soluble arsenic expressed as metallic (Ref. 70, p. 66, 67, 69, 

70; 71, p. 88). For the presentation of analytical results documenting hazardous substances, see Section 

5.0.1 of this HRS documentation record and Figure 2 for sample locations. 

23 Source Characterization
Source No. 1 

 2.2.3 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AVAILABLE TO A PATHWAY 

Soil samples collected from Source No. 1 contained arsenic and lead (see Tables 18 and 20 of this HRS 

documentation record). Source No. 1 is comprised of contaminated soil on the FKT property and 

residential and commercial properties in Vineland, New Jersey along East Cherry Street, East Chestnut 

Avenue, Washington Avenue, South 6th Street, Paul Street, and South East Boulevard (see Figure 2 of this 

HRS documentation record). Analytical results for surface water and sediment samples from Tarkiln 

Branch which receives runoff from Source No. 1, indicate that a release of hazardous substances has 

occurred to the surface water migration pathway as documented in Section 4.0 of this HRS documentation 

record. 

During the EPA April 2015 sampling event, a functioning and maintained run-on control system or runoff management system was not observed at the FKT property (Ref. 43, p. i). Additionally, surface water 

samples were collected from a puddle of water leading to a storm drain and from two storm drains in the 

northwestern portion of the property (Refs. 43, pp. i, 19 to 23; 47, p. 21). The storm drains direct water 

into a culvert under South West Boulevard. The culvert discharges into the headwaters of Tarkiln 

Branch, west of South West Boulevard and about 400 feet west of the FKT property (Refs. 26, p. 2; 43, 

pp. i, 19 to 23). The samples contained arsenic (up to 13,000 μg/L) and lead (up to 39,000 μg/L) (see 

Table 4 of this HRS documentation record). Therefore, a containment factor value of 10 as noted in 

Table 2 was assigned for the surface water migration pathway (Ref. 1, Section 4.1.2.1.2.1.1). 

TABLE 2: Containment Factors for Source No. 1

Containment Description

Containment 

Factor Value References

Gas release to air NS NA

Particulate release to air NS NA

Release to ground water NS NA

Release via overland migration: no engineered 

maintained cover or functioning and maintained 

run-on control system or runoff management 

system is present.

10 

1, Section 4.1.2.1.2.1.1; 26, p. 2; 

43, p. i, 19 to 23; 47, p. 21; see 

Table 4 of this HRS documentation 

record

Notes:

NA Not applicable

NS Not scored

24 Source Characterization
Source No. 1

2.4.2.1 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

Insufficient information exists to evaluate Hazardous Constituent Quantity, Hazardous Wastestream 

Quantity, and Volume. Therefore the hazardous waste quantity value will be calculated using Tier D,

area of contaminated soil (Ref. 1, pp. 51590, 51591).

2.4.2.1.1 Hazardous Constituent Quantity (Tier A) – Not Evaluated

The hazardous constituent quantity for Source No. 1 could not be adequately determined according to the 

HRS requirements; that is, the total mass of all Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, 

and Liability Act (CERCLA) hazardous substances in the source and releases from the source is not 

known and cannot be estimated with reasonable confidence (Ref. 1, pp. 51590-51591 [Section 2.4.2.1.1]). 

There are insufficient historical and current data (manifests, potentially responsible party (PRP) records, 

State records, permits, waste concentration data, etc.) available to adequately calculate the total or partial 

mass of all CERCLA hazardous substances in the source and the associated releases from the source. 

Therefore, there is insufficient information to evaluate the associated releases from the source to calculate 

the hazardous constituent quantity for Source No. 1 with reasonable confidence. Scoring proceeds to the 

evaluation of Tier B, Hazardous wastestream quantity (Ref. 1, p. 51591).

Hazardous Constituent Quantity Assigned Value: NS

Are the data complete for hazardous constituent quantity for this area? No

2.4.2.1.2 Hazardous Wastestream Quantity (Tier B) – Not Evaluated

The hazardous wastestream quantity for Source No. 1 could not be adequately determined according to 

the HRS requirements; that is, the mass of the hazardous wastestreams plus the mass of any additional 

CERCLA pollutants and contaminants in the source and releases from the source is not known and cannot 

be estimated with reasonable confidence (Ref. 1, p. 51591 [Section 2.4.2.1.2]). There are insufficient 

historical and current data (manifests, PRP records, State records, permits, waste concentration data, etc.)

available to adequately calculate the total or partial mass of the wastestream plus the mass of all 

CERCLA pollutants and contaminants in the source and the associated releases from the source. 

Therefore, there is insufficient information to evaluate the associated releases from the source to calculate 

the hazardous wastestream quantity for Source No. 1 with reasonable confidence. Scoring proceeds to the 

evaluation of Tier C, Volume (Ref. 1, p. 51591).

Hazardous Wastestream Quantity Assigned Value: NS

Are the data complete for hazardous constituent quantity for this area? No

2.4.2.1.3 Volume (Tier C)

The information available is not sufficient to determine Tier C because the depth of contamination is not 

known throughout the source; therefore, it is not possible to adequately determine a source volume (Tier 

C) in cubic yards (yd3) (Ref. 1, Sec. 2.4.2.1.3, p. 51591). As a result, the evaluation of source volume 

proceeds to the evaluation of Tier D, source area (Ref. 1, Sec. 2.4.2.1.4, p. 51591).

Volume Assigned Value: 0

Are the data complete for volume quantity for this area? No

25 Source Characterization
Source No. 1

2.4.2.1.4 Area (Tier D)

Evaluate the area measure using the area of the source. Based on this area, assign a value to the area 

measure as follows: for the migration pathways assign the source a value for area using the appropriate 

Tier D equation from Ref. 1, Table 2-5 (Ref. 1, p. 51591). Using Figure 2 of this HRS documentation 

record and References 9 and 12 that depict the soil sampling locations from August 2014 and 

January/February 2015, the estimated area of Source No. 1, excluding impervious surfaces, on each 

property was determined. The measuring tool in Adobe Acrobat was used to calculate the square footage 

of the unpaved areas on each property (Ref. 55). The approximate area of Source No. 1 is at least 

132,252 square feet (Ref. 55) (see Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). (Ref. 1, Section 

2.4.2.1.4). 

Sum (ft2): 132,252

Equation for Assigning Value (Table 2-5): Area (A)/34,000

Area Assigned Value: 3.88

2.4.2.1.5 Source Hazardous Waste Quantity Value

The source HWQ value for Source No. 1 is assigned a source HWQ value of at least 3.88 (Refs. 1, 

Section 2.4.2.1.5; 55).

Source HWQ Value: 3.88

SUMMARY OF SOURCE DESCRIPTIONS

TABLE 3: Summary of Source Descriptions

Source 

No.

Source

Hazardous

Waste

Quantity

Value

Source 

Hazardous 

Constituent 

Quantity 

Complete?

(Yes/No)

Containment Factor Value by Pathway

Ref.

Ground 

Water

(Table 3-2)

Surface 

Water

Overland 

(Table 4-2)

Air

Gas

(Table 6-3)

Particulate

(Table 6-9)

1 3.88 No NS 10 NS NS 1, 

Section 

2.4.2.1.

5; 55

Notes:

NS Not scored

Ref. Reference

Description of Other Possible On-Site Sources

No other possible on-site sources have been identified or evaluated. 

26 Source Characterization
4.0 SURFACE WATER MIGRATION PATHWAY

4.1 OVERLAND/FLOOD MIGRATION COMPONENT – Tarkiln Branch, Parvin Branch, and 

Maurice River

4.1.1.1 Definition of Hazardous Substance Migration Path for Overland/Flood Component

The hazardous substance migration pathway includes both the overland segment and the in-water segment 

that hazardous substances would take as they migrate away from sources. The overland segment begins 

at the source and proceeds downgradient to the probable point of entry (PPE) to surface water. The inwater segment at the PPE continues in the direction of flow (Ref. 1, Section 4.1.1.1).

Surface water runoff from Source No. 1 enters storm drains on the properties and along the streets. The 

storm drains direct runoff to concrete pipes along and under the streets. Water in the pipes enters a 5-foot 

by 4-foot box culvert under South West Boulevard (Ref. 26). The box 5-foot by 4-foot culvert under 

South West Boulevard directs runoff into a 10-foot by 6-foot box culvert that dischargesinto the 

headwaters of Tarkiln Branch west of South West Boulevard about 200 feet southwest of the FKT 

property (Ref. 26). The point at which the 10-foot by 6-foot box culvert discharges into Tarkiln Branch is 

the probable point of entry (PPE) into perennial surface water (Refs. 3; 26) (see Figure 4 of this HRS 

documentation record). According to the U.S. Geological Survey Topographic Quadrangle Map of 

Millville, New Jersey, 1997, Tarkiln Branch is a perennial surface water body (Ref. 3). During EPA field 

activities conducted in February, April, and July 2015, surface water was present at the headwaters of 

Tarkiln Branch (Ref. 53).

From the PPE, Tarkiln Branch flows in a southwesterly direction for about 2.3 miles and converges with 

Parvin Branch. Parvin Branch flows south-southwest for about 1.5 miles before entering Maurice River. 

Maurice River flows south-southeast for about 1 mile to where it widens into Union Lake, which flows 

south for about 2.3 miles (Refs. 3, 68). The Maurice River exits Union Lake and flows for more than 7.9

miles to complete the 15-mile surface water migration pathway target distance limit (TDL) just south of 

Lake Laurel and North of Port Elizabeth (Ref. 68). The zone of contamination is designated from the 

PPE at the headwaters of Tarkiln Branch to sediment sample FKT-SD-64 collected from Tarkiln Branch 

about 2.26 miles downstream the PPE (Ref. 68) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record).

Published flow rate data from the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) is not available for Tarkiln Branch 

and Parvin Branch. The flow rate for Tarkiln Branch is estimated to be less than 10 cubic feet per second 

(cfs) and the flow rate for Parvin Branch is estimated to be about 15 cfs (Ref. 12, p. 26). According to the 

USGS, the annual mean flow rate for the Maurice River for water years 1933 to 2013 was 165 cfs (Ref. 

60, p. 3). Tarkiln Branch, from its headwaters to its confluence with Parvin Branch, is located within a 

100-year flood plain (Ref. 45).

Targets associated with the surface water bodies along the 15-mile TDL include recreational activities in 

Union Lake; Maurice River/Union Lake fisheries; HRS-eligible wetland along Tarkiln Branch, Parvin 

Branch, and the Maurice River; the Union Lake Wildlife Management Area (Union Lake WMA); the 

Maurice Wild and Scenic River; and the Bald Eagle and Osprey, state-designated endangered and 

threatened species (Refs. 64; 66; 74; 77; 78). The Maurice River is a spawning area for two anadromous 

fish species, Alewife and Blue Black herring. The NJDEP Division of Fish and Wildlife installed a fish 

ladder in the Maurice River to enable these anadromous fish species to swim up river and into Union lake 

to spawn (Ref. 74). The Union Lake WMA is a 5,000-acre WMA that serves as a water recreation area, 

fishery, and habitat for wildlife including the Bald Eagle and Osprey, two state-designated endangered 

species (Refs. 64; 74; 77). 

27 SW-Overland/Flood Migration Component
On December 1, 1993, 35.4 miles of the Maurice River in southern New Jersey to Delaware Bay was 

designated a Wild and Scenic River (Refs. 66; 81, p. 1). The Maurice Wild and Scenic River supports 

habitat for endangered species, and is vital to the migration of birds, waterfowl, rails, and fish (Ref. 66). 

About 3 miles of HRS-eligible palustrine forested wetlands are evaluated for the Former Kil-Tone site 

(Refs. 62, pp. 3 through 10, 14 through 19, 26 through 28; 68; 82, pp. 1 through 5). 

28 SW-Overland/Flood Migration Component
4.1.2.1 LIKELIHOOD OF RELEASE

4.1.2.1.1 OBSERVED RELEASE

Direct Observation

During the April 2015 sampling event, EPA collected the surface water samples listed in Table 4 below 

from a puddle of water leading to a storm drain and from two storm drains in the northwestern portion of 

the property; one in a grassy area and the other in the loading dock area (Refs. 43, pp. i, 19, to 23, 182; 

47, p. 21). These storm drains on the FKP property direct water into a culvert under South West 

Boulevard (Ref. 43, p. i). The culvert discharges into the headwaters of Tarkiln Branch, west of South 

West Boulevard and about 200 feet west of the FKT property (Refs. 43, p. i, 19 to 23; 26, p. 2) (see also 

Figure 5 of this HRS documentation record). Analysis of the surface water samples documented 

hazardous substances, arsenic and lead, entering Tarkiln Branch, a perennial surface water body that 

receives runoff from the FKT property via the storm drains, thereby establishing an observed release by 

direct observation (see Refs. 1, p. 51609; 3; 26; 43, p. i; 44, pp. 235, 236, 237). 

The samples were collected in accordance with the EPA-approved Sampling and Analysis Plan dated 

April 10, 2015 (Refs. 43, pp. i, 19 through 23; 46, pp. 6 through 9). The EPA Region 2 Laboratory 

analyzed the surface water samples for EPA Target Analyte List (TAL) metals using EPA Method 200.7 

and in accordance with SOP C-109 Revision 3.3 (Refs. 31; 40, p. 3; 44, p. 11). The EPA Region 2 

laboratory reviewed the data in accordance with SOP G-26, Revision 1.3 (Refs. 31; 41, pp. 5 to 11). The 

data review checklists are provided in Reference 52. The reporting limits (RLs) are listed on the 

analytical data sheets in Reference 44, pp. 235, 236, 237. Each RL is sample-specific and corresponds to 

the lowest demonstrated level of acceptable quantitation and is adjusted for sample preparation volumes, 

and any dilutions performed (Ref. 31). The RLs are equivalent to SQLs as defined in HRS Section 1.1, 

Definitions (Refs. 1, p. 51586; 31).

TABLE 4: Surface Water Samples – Observed Release by Direct Observation

Sample ID Sample Location

Hazardous 

Substance

Concentration

(μg/L)

RL

(μg/L) Reference

FKT-SW-10

FKT property, puddle of 

water leading to storm 

drain

Arsenic 200 8.0 43, pp. 19, 

182; 44, pp. 9, 

Lead 460 235; 47, p. 21 8.0 

FKT-SW-11

FKT property; storm 

drain in loading dock 

area in paved area in the 

northwestern corner of 

property

Arsenic 3,800 8.0 

43, pp. 20, 21, 

182; 44, pp. 9, 

Lead 7,900 236; 47, p. 21 8.0 

FKT-SW-12

FKT property; storm 

drain in a grassy area in 

the northwestern corner 

of property

Arsenic 13,000 8.0 43, pp. 22, 23, 

182; 44, pp. 9, 

Lead 39,000 8.0 237; 47, p. 21

Notes:

μg/L Micrograms per liter

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

ID Identification number

RL Reporting limit

SW Surface water

29 SW-Observed Release
Chemical Analysis

An observed release by chemical analysis is established by showing that the hazardous substance in 

release samples are significantly greater in concentration than in the background level and by 

documenting that at least part of the significant increase is due to a release from the site being evaluated. 

The significant increase can be documented in one of two ways for HRS purposes. If the background 

concentration is not detected (or is less than the detection limit), an observed release is established when

the sample measurement equals or exceeds the appropriate quantitation limit. If the background sample 

concentration equals or exceeds the detection limit, an observed release is established when the sample 

measurement is 3 times or more above the background concentration and above the appropriate 

quantitation limit (Ref. 1, p. 51589 [Table 2-3]). An observed release of arsenic and lead is documented 

in the following sections by comparing the hazardous substance concentrations in similar background and 

contaminated surface water and sediment samples (see Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in this section, Section 

4.1.2.1.1, of this HRS documentation record) and by attributing the increase to the site. The samples 

documenting this observed release were collected by EPA during the April 2015 sampling event (Ref. 43, 

pp. i, 3 to 10, 24, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 46, 50, 55, 58, 73, 75, 80, 81, 82, 84, 92, 99, 100, 113, 145 through 

150, 153, 157, 180, 181, 182) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record).

EPA April 2015 Sampling Event

Background Samples

During the April 2015 sampling event, EPA collected background surface water and sediment samples 

along Parvin Branch, upstream of its confluence with Tarkiln Branch (Ref. 43, p. i). Tarkiln Branch 

receives runoff from streets, parking areas, and farm fields (see Ref. 72) including from the Former KilTone facility. Eight sediment samples (FKT-SD-78 and FKT-SD-109 through FKT-SD-115) collected 

from Parvin Branch were evaluated to identify similar background sediment samples for comparison to 

the contaminated sediment samples collected from Tarkiln Branch (Refs. 43, pp. 113, 144 through 150, 

180, 182; 47, pp. 12, 18, 19) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record). Parvin Branch also 

receives runoff from streets, parking areas, and farm fields (see Ref. 72). A background surface water 

sample (FKT-SW-13) also was collected from Parvin Branch (Refs. 43, p. 24, 182; 47, p. 21).

The background surface water and sediment samples presented in Table 5 below were collected from 

Parvin Branch upstream of its confluence with Tarkiln Branch and therefore outside the influence of the 

site (Refs. 3; 43, pp. 24, 113, 144 through 150, 180, 182; 46, p. 9) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS 

documentation record). The background surface water sample was collected about 2 to 4 inches below 

the surface of the water and the background sediment samples were collected at 0 to 6 inches below the 

surface water-sediment interface (Ref. 43, pp. i, 113).

Background and contaminated surface water and sediment samples were collected during the same 

sampling event, using the same sampling procedures (stainless steel ponar dredges or macrocore 

samplers), and in accordance with the EPA-approved SAP dated April 10, 2015 (Refs. 43, pp. i, 3 to 10, 

24, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 46, 50, 55, 58, 73, 75, 80, 81, 82, 84, 92, 99, 100, 113, 144 through 150, 180, 181, 

182; 46, pp. 6 to 9). The background and contaminated samples were collected from similar soil types 

that were typically a sandy loam consisting of sand, silt, and some clay (Ref. 72). The sediment samples 

were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC) (Ref. 47, pp. 4 to 13, 18 to 21). The EPA Region 2 

Laboratory conducted TOC analysis using EPA Method 415.1mod in accordance with SOP # 88, 

Revision 2.6 (Refs. 44, p. 11; 50). The TOC concentrations in the background sediment samples ranged 

from 53,000 mg/kg in sample FKT-SD-114 to 150,000 mg/kg in sample FKT-SD-78 (Ref. 44, pp. 146, 

200, 204 through 209). The TOC concentrations in the contaminated sediment samples ranged from 

41,000 mg/kg in sample FKT-SD-25 to 170,000 mg/kg in sample FKT-SD-118 (Ref. 44, pp. 59, 65, 72, 

73, 76, 82, 83, 85, 89, 90, 98, 99, 100, 101, 106, 117, 126, 127, 137, 153, 211, 218). The field sample 

collection sheets and geographic coordinates for the background surface water and sediment samples are 

30 SW-Observed Release
contained in Reference 43, pp. 24, 113, 144 through 150, 180, 182. The chain-of-custody records are 

provided in Reference 47, pp. 4 through 13, 18 through 21.

Based on the surface water bodies, physical characteristics, sample collection methods, time frame, and 

depths, the background and contaminated surface water and sediment samples are similar (Refs. 43, pp. i, 

3 to 10, 24, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 46, 50, 55, 58, 73, 75, 80, 81, 82, 84, 92, 99, 100, 113, 144 through 150; 

72) (also see Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in this section [Section 4.1.2.1.1] of this HRS documentation record). 

31 SW-Observed Release
TABLE 5: Background Surface Water and Sediment Samples

Sample ID Sample Location

TOC 

(mg/kg)

Distance 

feet1 Depth

Date 

Sampled References

Surface Water Sample: Depth below surface of water (bsw)

FKT-SW-13

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

NA 260 2 to 4 

bsw 04/15/2015

43, pp. i, 24, 

182; 47, p. 21; 

see Figure 4 of 

this HRS 

documentation 

record

Sediment Samples: Depth below surface water sediment interface (bswsi)

FKT-SD-78

Background HRSeligible palustrine 

forested wetlands; 

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

150,000 311

0 to 6 

inches 

bswsi

04/15/2015

43, pp. i, 113, 

182; 44, p. 

146; 47, p. 12; 

62, pp. 10, 13, 

18, 28; see 

Figure 4 of 

this HRS 

documentation 

record

FKT-SD109-A

Background HRSeligible palustrine 

forested wetlands; 

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

100,000 3,109

0 to 6 

inches 

bswsi

04/16/2015

43, pp. i, 144, 

180; 44, p. 

200; 47, p. 18; 

62, pp. 9, 19, 

28; see Figure 

4 of this HRS 

documentation 

record

FKT-SD-110

Background HRSeligible palustrine 

forested wetlands; 

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

110,000 3,088

0 to 6 

inches 

bswsi

04/16/2015

43, pp. i, 145, 

180; 44, p. 

204; 47, p. 18; 

62, pp. 9, 19

28; see Figure 

4 of this HRS 

documentation 

record

FKT-SD-111

Background HRSeligible palustrine 

forested wetlands; 

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

110,000 3,145

0 to 6 

inches 

bswsi

04/16/2015

43, pp. i, 146, 

180; 44, p. 

205; 47, p. 18; 

62, pp. 9, 19, 

28; see Figure 

4 of this HRS 

documentation 

record

32 SW-Observed Release
TABLE 5: Background Surface Water and Sediment Samples

Sample ID Sample Location

TOC 

(mg/kg)

Distance 

feet1 Depth

Date 

Sampled References

FKT-SD-112 

Background HRSeligible palustrine 

forested wetlands; 

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

130,000 3,196 

0 to 6 

inches 

bswsi

04/16/2015 

43, pp. i, 147, 

180; 44, p. 

206; 47, p. 18; 

62, pp. 9, 19, 

28; see Figure 

4 of this HRS 

documentation 

record

FKT-SD-113 

Background HRSeligible palustrine 

forested wetlands; 

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

68,000 3,490 

0 to 6 

inches 

bswsi

04/16/2015 

43, pp. i, 148, 

180; 44, p. 

207; 47, p. 18; 

62, pp. 9, 19, 

28; see Figure 

4 of this HRS 

documentation 

record

FKT-SD-114 

Background HRSeligible palustrine 

forested wetlands; 

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

53,000 3,500 

0 to 6 

inches 

bswsi

04/16/2015 

43, pp. i, 149, 

180; 44, p. 

208; 47, p. 18; 

62, pp. 9, 19, 

28; see Figure 

4 of this HRS 

documentation 

record

FKT-SD-115 

Background HRSeligible palustrine 

forested wetlands; 

Parvin Branch 

upstream of 

confluence with 

Tarkiln Branch

94,000 3,512 

0 to 6 

inches 

bswsi

04/16/2015 

43, pp. i, 150, 

180; 44, p. 

209; 47, pp. 

18, 19; 62, pp. 

9, 19, 28; see 

Figure 4 of 

this HRS 

documentation 

record

Notes:

1 The distance is measured from the confluence of Tarkiln Branch and Parvin Branch to the sampling location (see 

Figure 4 of HRS documentation record).

bsw below surface of water

bswsi Below surface water sediment interface

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

HRS Hazard Ranking System

ID Identification number

mg/kg Milligram per kilogram

NA TOC analysis was not conducted for surface water sample FKT-SW-13 (Ref. 44, p. 238). 

SD Sediment sample

SW Surface water

TOC Total organic carbon

33 SW-Observed Release
Background Levels

Eight sediment samples (FKT-SD-78 and FKT-SD-109 through FKT-SD-115), collected from Parvin 

Branch, were evaluated to establish background arsenic and lead concentration levels for comparison to 

contaminated arsenic and lead concentrations detected in Tarkiln Branch (Refs. 43, pp. 113, 144 through 

150, 180, 182; 72) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record). In the background sediment 

samples, arsenic concentrations ranged from 11 mg/kg to 38 mg/kg, and lead concentrations ranged from 

890 to 250 mg/kg (Ref. 44, pp. 145, 200, 203 through 209). Therefore, to be conservative, arsenic (38 

mg/kg) and lead (190J [adjusted to 273.6]) mg/kg) concentrations detected in sediment sample FKT-SD78, which were the highest in the background sediment samples evaluated, were determined to represent 

background levels for arsenic and lead in sediment within the zone of contamination (Ref. 44, p. 145). 

One background surface water sample (FKT-SW-13) was collected from Parvin Branch (Ref. 43, p. 24, 

182) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record). Arsenic and lead were detected in the 

background surface water sample at 8.2 micrograms per liter (μg/L) and 8.0 U μg/L, respectively (Ref. 

44, p. 238).

The background surface water and sediment samples listed in Table 6 were collected by EPA during the 

April 2015 sampling event (Refs. 43, pp. i, 24, 113, 180, 182; 47, p. 12, 21). The EPA Region 2 

Laboratory analyzed the background surface water and sediment samples for EPA TAL metals using EPA 

Method 200.7 and in accordance with SOP C-109 Revision 3.3 (Refs. 40, p. 3; 44, p. 11). The EPA 

Region 2 laboratory reviewed the data in accordance with SOP G-26, Revision 1.3 (Refs. 31; 41, pp. 5 to 

11). The data review checklists are provided in Reference 48. The RLs are listed on the analytical data 

sheets in Reference 44, pp. 145, 238. Each RL is sample-specific and corresponds to the lowest 

demonstrated level of acceptable quantitation and is adjusted for preparation weights and volumes, and 

any dilutions performed (Ref. 31). The RLs are equivalent to SQLs as defined in HRS Section 1.1, 

Definitions (Refs. 1, p. 51586; 31).

TABLE 6: Analytical Results for Background Samples

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance Concentration RL References

Surface Water Samples

FKT-SW-13 Arsenic 8.2 μg/L 8 μg/L 44, pp. 9, 238

FKT-SW-13 Lead 8.0 U μg/L 8 μg/L 44, pp. 9, 238

Sediment Samples

FKT-SD-78 Arsenic 38 mg/kg1 2.3 mg/kg 44, pp. 6, 145

FKT-SD-78 Lead 190 J (273.6)1

mg/kg 2.4 mg/kg 44, pp. 6, 145; 54, pp. 

8, 18

FKT-SD-109 Arsenic 20 mg/kg 2.1 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 200

FKT-SD-109 Lead 140 mg/kg 2.1 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 200

FKT-SD-110 Arsenic 20 mg/kg 2.0 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 203

FKT-SD-110 Lead 130 mg/kg 2.0 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 203

FKT-SD-111 Arsenic 22 mg/kg 1.5 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 204

FKT-SD-111 Lead 150 mg/kg 1.5 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 204

FKT-SD-112 Arsenic 27 mg/kg 2.4 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 205

34 SW-Observed Release
TABLE 6: Analytical Results for Background Samples

Hazardous 

Sample ID Substance Concentration RL References

FKT-SD-112 Lead 150 mg/kg 2.4 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 205

FKT-SD-113 Arsenic 19 mg/kg 1.2 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 206

FKT-SD-113 Lead 250 mg/kg 1.2 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 206

FKT-SD-114 Arsenic 11 mg/kg 1.1 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 207, 208

FKT-SD-114 Lead 89 mg/kg 1.1 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 207, 208

FKT-SD-115 Arsenic 21 mg/kg 1.3 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 208, 209

FKT-SD-115 Lead 240 mg/kg 1.3 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 208, 209

Notes:

1 Background concentrations for arsenic and lead

μg/L Micrograms per liter

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

ID Identification number

mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram

RL Reporting limit

SD Sediment sample

SW Surface water

J The identification of the analyte is acceptable; the reported value is an estimate. Unknown bias is assumed because the 

direction of the bias is not known. The value presented parenthetically is the concentration obtained by applying EPA 

fact sheet Using Qualified Data to Document an Observed Release and Observed Contamination (November 1996)

(Ref. 54, pp. 8, 18). The adjusted value reflects the substance concentration when the possible bias is considered.

U The analyte was not detected at or above the reporting limit.

35 SW-Observed Release
Contaminated Samples

The surface water and sediment samples listed in Table 7 were collected by EPA during the April 2015 

sampling event (Refs. 43, pp. i, 3 to 10, 27 to 33, 46, 57, 180, 181, 182; 47, pp. 4 to 7, 20). The surface 

water and sediment samples were collected from Tarkiln Branch downstream of the FKT property (Refs. 

3; 43, pp. 3 to 10, 27 to 33, 46, 50, 55, 57, 58, 73, 75, 80, 81, 82, 84, 92, 99, 100; 46, pp. 6 to 10) (see 

Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record). The surface water samples were collected about 2 to 4 

inches below the surface of the water and sediment samples were collected at 0 to 6 inches below the 

surface water-sediment interface (Ref. 43, pp. i, 3 to 10, 27 to 33, 46, 50, 55, 57, 58, 73, 75, 80, 81, 82, 

84, 92, 99, 100). The contaminated surface water and sediment samples were collected during the same 

sampling event; from Tarkiln Branch, which is similar to Parvin Branch (background sampling locations); 

using the same sampling procedures; at the same depths; and are similar in characteristics (TOC and soil 

type) (Refs. 3; 43, p. i; 46, pp. 6 to 9; 72). The contaminated samples were collected from soils that 

typically were a sandy loam, consisting of sand, silt, and some clay (Ref. 72). The contaminated sediment 

samples were analyzed for TOC and concentrations ranged from 40,000 mg/kg to 170,000 mg/kg, which 

is similar to the background sediment samples TOC concentrations (Ref. 44, pp. 59, 65, 72, 73, 82, 83, 

85, 89, 90, 93, 98, 99, 100, 101, 106, 117, 153). Based on the surface water bodies, physical 

characteristics, sample collection methods, time frame, and depths, the background and contaminated 

surface water and sediment samples are similar (Refs. 43, pp. i, 3 to 10, 24, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 46, 50, 55, 

58, 73, 75, 80, 81, 82, 84, 92, 99, 100, 113, 144 to 150, 180, 181, 182; 72; also see Tables 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 

in this section [Section 4.1.2.1.1] of this HRS documentation record).

The surface water and sediment samples were collected in accordance with the EPA-approved SAP dated 

April 10, 2015 (Refs. 43, pp. i; 46, pp. 6 to 9). The field sample collection sheets for the contaminated 

surface water and sediment samples are contained in Reference 43, pp. 3 to 10, 27 to 33, 46, 57, 180, 181, 

182. The chain-of-custody records are provided in Reference 47, pp. 4 to 7, 20. 

TABLE 7: Contaminated Surface Water and Sediment Samples – April 2015

Sample ID Sample Location TOC

Distance 

from 

PPE

(feet) Depth 

Date 

Sampled References

Surface Water Samples

FKT-SW-02

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

NA 933

2 to 4 inches 

below 

surface of 

water

4/13/2015

43, pp. i, 3, 

4, 182; 47, 

p. 20

FKT-SW-03

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

NA 602

2 to 4 inches 

below 

surface of 

water

4/13/2015

43, pp. i, 5, 

6, 182; 47, 

p. 20

FKT-SW-04

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

NA 474

2 to 4 inches 

below 

surface of 

water

4/13/2015

43, pp. i, 7, 

8, 182; 47, 

p. 20

FKT-SW-05

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

NA 46

2 to 4 inches 

below 

surface of 

water

4/13/2015

43, pp. i, 9, 

10, 182; 47, 

p. 20

36 SW-Observed Release
TABLE 7: Contaminated Surface Water and Sediment Samples – April 2015

Sample ID Sample Location TOC

Distance 

from PPE

Depth 

(bsws)

Date 

Sampled References

Sediment Samples

FKT-SD-02 

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property 

71,000 

mg/kg 2,904 0 to 6 

inches 4/13/2015 

43, pp. i, 27, 

180; 44, p. 

82; 47, p. 6; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-03 

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property 

87,000 

mg/kg 2,892 0 to 6 inches 4/13/2015 

43, pp. i, 28, 

180; 44, p. 

83; 47, p. 6; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-05 

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property 

70,000 

mg/kg 2,944 0 to 6 

inches 4/13/2015 

43, pp. i, 30, 

180; 44, p. 

85; 47, p. 7; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-07 

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property 

61,000 

mg/kg 2,978 0 to 6 

inches 4/13/2015 

43 pp. i, 32, 

180; 44, p. 

89; 47, p. 7; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-08 

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property 

70,000 

mg/kg 3,020 0 to 6 inches 4/13/2015 

43, pp. i, 33, 

180; 44, p. 

90; 47, p. 7; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-17 

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property 

45,000 

mg/kg 3,006 0 to 6 

inches 4/13/2015 

43, pp. i, 46, 

180; 44, p. 

59; 47, p. 4; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-20 

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property 

45,000 

mg/kg 3,232 0 to 6 

inches 4/13/2015 

43, pp. i, 50, 

181; 44, p. 

65; 47, p. 5; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-25 

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property 

41,000 

mg/kg 3,360 0 to 6 

inches 4/43/2015 

43, pp. i, 55, 

181; 44, p. 

72; 47, p. 5; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

37 SW-Observed Release
TABLE 7: Contaminated Surface Water and Sediment Samples – April 2015

Sample ID Sample Location TOC

Distance 

from PPE

Depth 

(bsws)

Date 

Sampled References

Sediment Samples

FKT-SD-25-

DUP

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

46,000 

mg/kg 3,360 0 to 6 

inches 4/13/2015

43, pp. i, 55, 

181; 44, p. 

73; 47, p. 5; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-28

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

97,000 

mg/kg 3,207 0 to 6 

inches 4/13/2015

43, pp. i, 58, 

181; 44, p. 

76; 47, p. 6; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-118

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

170,000 

mg/kg 3,613 0 to 6 inches 4/17/2015

43, pp. i, 

153, 180; 44, 

p. 211; 47, p. 

19; 62, pp. 9, 

14, 20, 26 

FKT-SD-122

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

73,000 

mg/kg 4,494 0 to 6 

inches 4/17/2015

43, pp. i, 

157, 180; 44, 

p. 218; 47, p. 

19; 62, pp. 9, 

14, 20, 26 

FKT-SD-45

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

54,000 

mg/kg 4,965 0 to 6 

inches 4/14/2015

43, p. 81; 44, 

181, p. 99; 

47, p. 8; 62, 

pp. 9, 14, 20, 

26 

FKT-SD-46

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

85,000 

mg/kg 4,982 0 to 6 

inches 4/14/2015

43, pp. i, 82, 

181; 44, p. 

100; 47, p. 8; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-46-

DUP

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

68,000 

mg/kg 4,982 0 to 6 inches 4/14/2015

43, pp. i, 82, 

181; 44, p. 

101; 47, p. 8; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

FKT-SD-44

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

74,000 

mg/kg 5,031 0 to 6 

inches 4/14/2015

43, pp. i, 80, 

181; 44, p. 

98; 47, p. 8; 

62, pp. 9, 14, 

20, 26 

38 SW-Observed Release
TABLE 7: Contaminated Surface Water and Sediment Samples – April 2015

Sample ID Sample Location TOC

Distance 

from PPE

Depth 

(bsws)

Date 

Sampled References

Sediment Samples

FKT-SD-48

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

100,000 

mg/kg 7,569 0 to 6 

inches 4/14/2015

43, pp. i, 84, 

181, ; 44, p. 

106; 47, p. 9; 

62, pp. 10, 

15, 21, 27 

FKT-SD-56

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

70,000 

mg/kg 8,564 0 to 6 

inches 4/14/2015

43, pp. i, 92, 

181; 44, p. 

117; 47, p. 

10; 62, pp. 

10, 15, 21, 

27 

FKT-SD-39

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

140,000 

mg/kg 9,891 0 to 6 

inches 4/14/2015

43, pp. i, 75, 

181; 44, p. 

127; 47, p. 

11; 62, pp. 

10, 16, 22, 

28 

FKT-SD-38

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

130,000 

mg/kg 9,933 0 to 6 

inches 4/14/2015

43, pp. i, 73, 

181; 44, p. 

126; 47, p. 

11; 62, pp. 

10, 16, 22, 

28

FKT-SD-63

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

120,000 

mg/kg 11,901 0 to 6 

inches 4/15/2015

43, pp. i, 99, 

181; 44, p. 

153; 47, p. 

13; 62, pp. 

10, 16, 22, 

28

FKT-SD-64

HRS-eligible Palustrine 

forested wetlands on 

Tarkiln Branch 

downstream of the FKT 

property

110,000 

mg/kg 11,966 0 to 6 inches 4/15/2015

43, pp. i, 

100, 181; 44, 

p. 137; 47, p. 

12; 62, pp. 

10, 16, 22, 

28

Notes:

bsws Below surface water sediment interface

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

HRS Hazard Ranking System

ID Identification number

mg/kg milligram per kilogram

NA TOC analysis was not conducted for surface water samples FKT-SW-02, FKT-SW-03, FKT-SW-04, and FKT-SW-05

(Ref. 44, pp. 226 through 229). 

PPE Probable point of entry

39 SW-Observed Release
Table 7 – Notes Continued: 

SD Sediment sample

SW Surface water

TOC Total organic carbon

40 SW-Observed Release
Contaminated Concentrations

The background surface water and sediment samples listed in Table 8 were collected by EPA during the 

April 2015 sampling event (Refs. 43, pp. i, 3 to 10, 27 to 33, 46, 57, 180, 181, 182; 47, pp 4 to 7, 20). 

The EPA Region 2 Laboratory analyzed the background soil samples for EPA TAL metals using EPA 

Method 200.7 and in accordance with SOP C-109 Revision 3.3 (Refs. 40, p. 3; 44, p. 11). The EPA 

Region 2 laboratory reviewed the data in accordance with SOP G-26, Revision 1.3 (Refs. 31; 41, pp. 5 to 

11). The data review checklists are provided in Reference 48. The RLs are listed on the analytical data 

sheets in Reference 44, pp. 59, 75, 82, 83, 85, 89, 90, 226 to 229. Each RL is sample-specific and 

corresponds to the lowest demonstrated level of acceptable quantitation; it is adjusted for preparation 

weights and volumes, and any dilutions performed (Ref. 31). The RLs are equivalent to SQLs as defined 

in HRS Section 1.1, Definitions (Refs. 1, p. 51586; 31). All samples listed in Table 8 meet observed 

release criteria in accordance with Reference 1, Table 2-3.

TABLE 8: Analytical Results for Contaminated Samples

Surface Water Samples

Compared to Background Concentrations of 8.2 μg/L for Arsenic and 8.0U μg/L for Lead

(Ref. 44, pp. 9, 238)

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance Concentration RL References

FKT-SW-02 Arsenic 54 μg/L 8 μg/L 44, pp. 9, 226

FKT-SW-03 Arsenic 130 μg/L 8 μg/L 44, pp. 9, 227

FKT-SW-03 Lead 16 μg/L 8 μg/L 44, pp. 9, 227

FKT-SW-04 Arsenic 92 μg/L 8 μg/L 44, pp. 9, 228

FKT-SW-05 Arsenic 360 μg/L 8 μg/L 44, pp. 9, 229

Sediment Samples

Compared to Background Concentrations of 38 mg/kg for Arsenic and 273.6 mg/kg for Lead

(Ref. 44, pp. 6, 145; 54, pp. 8, 18)

FKT-SD-02 Arsenic 190 mg/kg 0.90 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 82

FKT-SD-02 Lead 860 mg/kg 0.90 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 82

FKT-SD-03 Arsenic 170 mg/kg 0.94 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 83

FKT-SD-05 Arsenic 340 mg/kg 0.94 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 85

FKT-SD-05 Lead 1,100 mg/kg 0.94 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 85

FKT-SD-07 Arsenic 230 mg/kg 0.86 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 89

FKT-SD-08 Arsenic 420 mg/kg 0.97 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 90

FKT-SD-08 Lead 1,100 mg/kg 0.97 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 90

FKT-SD-17 Arsenic 140 mg/kg 0.90 mg/kg 44, pp. 3, 59

FKT-SD-20 Arsenic 140 mg/kg 0.91 mg/kg 44, pp. 3, 65

FKT-SD-25 Arsenic 310 mg/kg 0.85 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 72

41 SW-Observed Release
TABLE 8: Analytical Results for Contaminated Samples

Sediment Samples

Compared to Background Concentrations of 38 mg/kg for Arsenic and 273.6 mg/kg for Lead

(Ref. 44, pp. 6, 145; 54, pp. 8, 18)

FKT-SD-25-DUP Arsenic 240 mg/kg 0.86 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 73

FKT-SD-28 Arsenic 400 mg/kg 0.90 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 76

FKT-SD-28 Lead 1,100 mg/kg 0.90 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 76

FKT-SD-118 Arsenic 140 mg/kg 1.8 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 211

FKT-SD-122 Arsenic 230 mg/kg 0.97 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 217

FKT-SD-122 Lead 1,200 mg/kg 0.97 mg/kg 44, pp. 8, 217

FKT-SD-45 Arsenic 350 mg/kg 0.88 mg/kg 44, pp. 5, 99

FKT-SD-46 Arsenic 230 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg 44, pp. 5, 100

FKT-SD-46 Lead 900 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg 44, pp. 5, 100

FKT-SD-46-DUP Arsenic 180 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg 44, pp. 5, 101

FKT-SD-44 Arsenic 1,400 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 98

FKT-SD-44 Lead 2,200 mg/kg 1.0 mg/kg 44, pp. 4, 98

FKT-SD-48 Arsenic 130 mg/kg 1.1 mg/kg 44, pp. 5, 105

FKT-SD-56 Arsenic 230 mg/kg 1.1 mg/kg 44, pp. 5, 117

FKT-SD-39 Arsenic 120 mg/kg 2.0 mg/kg 44, pp. 5, 127

FKT-SD-38 Arsenic 150 mg/kg 1.7 mg/kg 44, pp. 5, 126

FKT-SD-63 Arsenic 160 mg/kg 1.8 mg/kg 44, pp. 6, 153

FKT-SD-64 Arsenic 150 mg/kg 1.9 mg/kg 44, pp. 6, 136

Notes:

μg/L Micrograms per liter

DUP Duplicate sample

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

ID Identification number

mg/kg Milligram per kilogram

RL Reporting limit

SD Sediment sample

SW Surface water

42 SW-Observed Release
Attribution

The Former Kil-Tone Company (Kil-Tone) began operations at the property in late 1910s manufacturing 

the pesticide arsenate of lead (Ref. 12, p. 2). Lead arsenate is a pentavalent form of inorganic arsenic, 

which exists naturally as white crystals with no discernible odor, and contains about 22 percent arsenic 

and is slightly soluble in cold water (Ref. 32, p. 1). However, based on the Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps 

dated 1919 and 1925, buildings previously located on the property included an acid plant, a tank room, an 

engine room, and a manufacturing building for grinding, mixing, pressing, and storage of pesticides 

(Refs. 12, pp. 2, 3; 16, pp. 7, 8). A laboratory was constructed around 1919 on the southwestern corner of 

the property (Ref. 16, p. 8). In August 1988, the EPA banned all insecticidal uses of lead arsenate (Ref. 

33, p. 2). 

Information obtained from the Vineland Chamber of Commerce and the New Jersey Experiment Stations 

that date between 1917 and 1926 indicate that specific products manufactured by Kil-Tone included 

Green Cross Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead, Green Cross Standard Arsenate of Lead (paste), Green 

Cross Sulpho-arsenate Powder, Green Cross Sulphur and Arsenate of Lead Mixture, Modified Kil-Tone, 

Improved Kil-Tone, Fruit Kil-Tone, Bordeaux Mixture, Dry Powdered Arsenite of Zinc, and Beetle Mort 

(Refs. 17, pp. 1, 2; 34, pp. 9, 13, 14; 35, pp. 9, 19, 20; 36, pp. 10, 17, 18; 37, pp. 10, 13, 19, 20; 38, pp. 

26-(106), 26-(154)). Based on the timeframe during which FKT operated, these products were regulated 

under the Insecticide Act of 1910 (Ref. 69, p. 1; 70, p. 126).

Early pesticide control laws were aimed at protecting consumers against ineffective products and 

deceptive labeling (Ref. 69, p. 2). From 1929 to 1932, the USDA issued Notices of Judgment under the 

Insecticide Act against the Lucas Kil-Tone Co. of Vineland, New Jersey for the adulteration and 

misbranding of various products including Beetle Mort, Green Cross Nico-Tone, Paris Green and Bordo 

Lead Arsenate (Refs. 57, pp. 125, 126, 127, 133, 134; 70, p. 66, 67, 69, 70; 71, p. 88). Arsenic in watersoluble form, expressed as metallic, was present at higher concentrations than declared on the labels 

(Refs. 57, pp. 125, 127, 133; 70, p. 70; 71, p. 88). In some cases, the products were misbranded because 

they contained ingredients that were not declared (for example calcium arsenate) on the label (Ref. 57, p. 

127). The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for arsenic indicates that arsenic is expected to accumulate in 

soil in areas where it was used in agriculture (Ref. 76, pp. 324, 363). Any pesticide in Source 1 that was 

created in violation of the pesticide control laws or used in any way other than the labeled use would be a 

CERCLA hazardous substance. 

In August 2014, NJDEP collected surface soil samples from Source No. 1, which is comprised of 

contaminated soil on the FKP property, as well residential and commercial properties located about 1 

block north, south, and east of the FKT property (Ref. 12, pp. 32, 33, 38 through 42). Analytical results 

of the Source No. 1 samples indicated the presence of arsenic (up to 3,000 mg/kg in sample USC-SUB9A) and lead (up to 3,100 mg/kg in USC-SUB-9A) above background levels (Refs. 24, pp. 16, 49, 152; 

51, pp. 3, 13, 38). Sample USC-SUB-9A was collected in the northwestern portion of the FKT property 

(Ref. 12, pp. 10, 38). In addition to the shallow samples (within 2 feet of ground surface), soil samples 

were collected up to 6 feet bgs on the FKT property (Ref. 12, pp. 9 through 14). A subsurface soil sample 

collected in the western portion of the FKT property at 4 feet bgs contained arsenic and lead at 5,800 

mg/kg and 3,600 mg/kg, respectively (Ref. 12, pp. 10, 38). Based on the Sanborn maps of the FKT 

property, the former rail spurs entered the FKT property in the northwestern corner (Ref. 16, pp. 5, 6, 7, 

8). 

EPA collected surface soil samples from Source No. 1 in January and February 2015 (Ref. 9, p. i). The 

Source No. 1 samples contained arsenic and lead above background levels (see also Tables 18 and 20 of 

this HRS documentation record). The highest concentration of arsenic (1,000 mg/kg) was detected in the 

2- to 6-inch interval on a property located about 190 feet northwest of the FKT property (Refs. 5, p. 160; 

9, pp. 19 to 21). The highest concentration of lead (2,500 mg/kg) was detected in the 6- to 12-inch 

interval on a property located about 380 feet northwest of the FKT property (Refs. 5, p. 40; 9, pp. 30 to 

33) (see also Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record).

43 SW-Observed Release
Information regarding actual operational activities at Kil-Tone is limited; therefore, information regarding 

modes of deposition and waste disposal is limited. In 1984, NJDEP received information that Kil-Tone 

reportedly allowed a toxic substance referred to as “Bluestone” to seep into the ground and ultimately into 

a small stream along the railroad tracks on the Blvd. (Ref. 14). Bluestone, also known as copper sulfate, 

is an herbicide that is used to control algae growths and foliar pathogens on fruit, nuts, vegetables, field 

crops, ornamentals, and agricultural and home garden uses (Ref. 88, p. 1). In a 1989 affidavit, a resident 

confirmed that while Kil-Tone was in operation, a green and white dust typically coated the ground and 

rooftops, as well as along the shore of Tarkiln Branch, near the FKT property (Ref. 21, pp. 1, 2). KilTone manufactured arsenate of lead (lead arsenate), which is a powdered insecticide (Refs. 34, p. 9; 35, p. 

9). 

In June 2015, EPA ERT initiated a high resolution characterization study using CPT/XRF to determine 

the horizontal and vertical extent of arsenic and lead contamination in soil on the FKT property (Ref. 67, 

pp. 2, 3, 5). XRF screening results using the CPT/XRF equipment indicated arsenic concentrations as 

high as 47,000 ppm and lead concentrations as high as 119,280 ppm in the soils near the former rail spur 

(Ref. 67, pp. 2, 3, 5). According to the Sanborn Fire Insurance maps of 1919, 1925, 1949, and 1968, 

there were rail spurs on the north and west sides of the FKT property (Ref. 16, p. 5, 6, 7, 8). Also, field 

XRF of soil borings collected near the location of the former grinding house recorded concentrations of 

both arsenic and lead at 100 percent (Ref. 67, p. 2). The 1919 and 1925 Sanborn maps depict the grinding 

room (house) in the southern portion of the property along E. Chestnut Avenue (Ref.; 16, pp. 7, 8). In 

addition, product was observed in a soil sample at 18 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 67, p. 8). Subsurface soil 

samples collected during the NJDEP 2014 SI contained arsenic up to 5,800 mg/kg and lead up to (3,600 

mg/kg at 3.5 to 4 feet bgs, and arsenic up to 1,400 mg/kg and lead up to 14 mg/kg at 5.5 to 6 feet bgs 

(Refs. 12, pp. 10, 38; 24, pp. 38, 42, 46, 47). Also, during the NJDEP 2014 and the EPA 2015 sampling 

events, fill material similar to that observed on the FKT property, also was observed while collecting soil 

samples on the residential and commercial properties (Refs. 8, pp. 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 

31, 32, 33; 23, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4; 51, pp. 5, 6, 8).

In addition to Source No. 1, arsenic and lead have been detected in surface water and sediment samples 

collected from Tarkiln Branch, indicating that a release to perennial surface water has occurred (see 

Tables 6 and 8 of this HRS documentation record). During the April 2015 sampling activities, EPA 

observed a puddle of water leading to a storm drain in the northwestern portion of the FKT property (Ref. 

43, pp. i, 19 through 23). Arsenic and lead were detected in the puddle of water at 200 and 460 μg/L, 

respectively (Refs. 43, p. 19; 44, p. 235). The surface water samples collected in the storm drains 

contained arsenic up to 13,000 μg/L and lead up to 39,000 μg/L (Refs. 43, pp. 22, 23; 44, p. 237). The 

storm drains direct water into a culvert under South West Boulevard (Refs. 26; 43, p. i). The culvert 

discharges into the headwaters of Tarkiln Branch, west of South West Boulevard and about 200 feet west 

of the FKT property (Refs. 26, p. 2; 43, p. i, 19 to 23) (see also Figure 5 of this HRS documentation 

record). The presence of arsenic and lead in the puddle of water and storm drains document an observed 

release by direct observation (see Section 4.1.2.1.1 – Observed Release – Direct Observation of this HRS 

documentation record). Surface water samples collected from Tarkiln Branch during the April 2015 

sampling event contained arsenic up to 360 μg/L (FKT-SW-05) and lead at 16 μg/L (FKT-SW-03) (Ref. 

44, pp. 227, 229). Sediment samples collected from Tarkiln Branch downstream of the FKT property 

contained arsenic up to 1,400 mg/kg and lead up to 2,200 mg/kg (FKT-SD-44) (Ref. 44, p. 98).

An observed release also was documented in the zone of contamination that extends from the PPE at the 

headwaters of Tarkiln Branch to sediment sample FKT-SD-64 collected about 2.26 miles downstream 

(Refs. 3; 43, p. 100; 44, p. 136; 68). To attribute these releases to Source No. 1, background levels were 

established using surface water and sediment samples collected from Parvin Branch, a perennial surface 

water body that is similar to Tarkiln Branch (Refs. 43, pp. i, 24, 113, 144 through 150, 180, 182; 46, pp. 

9, 10; 68; 72). The locations of the background surface water and sediment samples accounted for runoff 

from streets, parking areas, and farm fields (see Ref. 72).

Additionally, EPA conducted isotope analysis on isotopes of copper found in on-site surface water, offsite surrounding residential soil, Tarkiln Branch sediment, and Tarkiln and Parvin confluence sediment 

44 SW-Observed Release
samples. The results of this analysis indicate that the copper in these samples originated from the FKT 

property (Ref. 83).

In addition, to surface water runoff from streets, parking areas, and farm fields, other potential off-site 

sources of contamination in the Vineland area that were evaluated for attribution purposes include the 

Lerco Fuel Company (Lerco), Vineland Chemical Company, and Iceland Coin and Laundry (Refs. 3; 25, 

p. 1; 42, pp. i, 7, 14; 68).

Lerco is a former fuel distribution facility located at 520 East Chestnut Avenue about 75 feet north of the 

FKT property (Refs. 12, pp. 4, 16, 17; 19, pp. 14, 15; 20, pp. 1, 2; 25, p. 1). Initial environmental 

investigations regarding petroleum releases and removal of an underground storage tank at the Lerco 

property began in 1989 (Ref. 25, p. 1). Since then, Lerco has conducted several investigations to 

remediate petroleum-related contamination related to the petroleum releases (Refs. 20, p. 2; 25, pp. 1, 3, 

17 to 29). In addition to petroleum-related contaminants, arsenic and lead have been detected in soil and 

ground water samples at the Lerco property (Refs. 19, pp. 14, 15, 17 through 20; 25, pp. 20 to 29). 

Arsenic was detected up to 1,940 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and lead was detected up to 3,280 

mg/kg is soil samples collected within 2 feet of the ground surface (Ref. 19, p. 14). The highest 

concentrations of arsenic and lead in soil and ground water samples were as follows: arsenic, up to 

20,500 parts mg/kg in soil and up to 33,000 micrograms per liter (μg/L) in ground water; and lead, up to 

28,700 mg/kg in soil and up to 630 μg/L in ground water (Ref. 19, pp. 14, 15, 18, 19). Based on the 

results of samples collected at Lerco, high concentrations of arsenic have been detected in conjunction 

with high lead concentrations (Ref. 19, pp. 14, 15). The presence of arsenic in conjunction with lead 

indicates that it is likely that some portion of the lead contamination may not be petroleum related.

Vineland Chemical Company, located about 2.7 miles northwest of the FKT property, and Iceland Coin 

Laundry, located about 1.65 miles southwest of the FKT property are NPL sites located in Vineland (Ref. 

42, pp. i, 7, 14). Vineland Chemical Company manufactured arsenic-based herbicides from about 1950 to 

1994 (Ref. 11, p. 1). The contaminant of concern is arsenic and the media impacted include ground water, 

sediment, and on-site soils (Refs. 11, p. 1; 42, p. 5). Cleanup of the Vineland Chemical Company NPL 

site is underway (Refs. 11, pp. 2, 3; 42, p. 3). Vineland Chemical is located about 2.7 miles northwest of 

the FKT property (Ref. 42, p. 7). Surface water runoff from Vineland Chemical appears to flow into 

wetlands then into the Maurice River (Ref. 11, p. 1). This location is upstream of Tarkiln Branch and the 

observed release samples for the FKT property (Refs. 3; 42, p. 7). A 1989 Remedial Investigation (RI) 

report prepared for Vineland Chemical included a study of the Maurice River (Ref. 80, pp. C, ES-1). The 

RI report (River Area RI) presented typical background ranges of metals found in the Maurice River (Ref. 

80, p. 6-5, Table 6-3). The data presented in the River Area RI for Vineland Chemical indicate that 

typical background arsenic and lead concentrations in sediment range from 0.1 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg and 

less than 10 mg/kg (non-detect) to 70 mg/kg, respectively (Ref. 80, p. 6-5, Table 6-3). In surface water 

samples, the typical background concentrations were less than 10 μg/L (non-detect) for arsenic and 5 

μg/L to 30 μg/L for lead (Ref. 80, p. 6-5, Table 6-3).

Iceland Coin Laundry is a ground water plume that is contaminated with mercury and volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs) including tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloroethene (Refs. 7, p. 

1; 42, pp. i, 12). Lead and arsenic, which were detected in Source No. 1, are not contaminants of concern 

for the Iceland Coin Laundry NPL site (Ref. 42, p. 12). Iceland Coin and Laundry is located about 1.65 

miles southwest of the FKT property (Ref. 42, p. 7). Tarkiln Branch, which receives runoff from the FKT 

property, flows from northeast to southwest; therefore, surface water runoff from Iceland Coin and 

Laundry is not expected to impact Tarkiln Branch upstream of Source No. 1 (Refs. 3; 26; 42, p. 14; 43, p. 

i; 68). Additionally, the hazardous substances of concern at this site are volatile organic compounds not 

currently of concern in Source 1 at the Former Kil-Tone site (tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and cis1,2-dichloroethene) (Ref. 42, p. i).

Bob’s Transmission, located at 611 S East Boulevard, and a former gasoline station, located at 511 Paul 

Street, may be potential sources of contamination in the vicinity of Source No. 1. Bob’s Transmission or 

the address of 611 S East Boulevard is not listed in any EPA or New Jersey regulatory databases (Ref. 86, 

45 SW-Observed Release
pp. 1 through 23). Also, samples were not collected from this property in 2014 or 2015 (Ref. 9, p. ii; 12, 

pp. through 17). The 511 Paul Street property is listed in the EPA Resources Conservation and Recovery 

Act and Air Facility System, and in the New Jersey Environmental Management System (Refs. 86, p. 2; 

87). The address is listed as Agway, Inc. Energy Products Vineland Bulk Plant (Ref. 86, p. 2; 87). 

Agway is listed as a petroleum products wholesaler, except for bulk stations and terminals; and as a fuel 

oil dealer (Ref. 87). Information regarding environmental investigations at Agway were not available at 

the time of this HRS documentation record; however, it appears that New Jersey led remedial and cleanup 

activities have been conducted at this property (Ref. 87). Currently, the property appears to be vacant 

(see Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). Samples collected from the 511 Paul Street property in 

2014 contained arsenic at concentrations that ranged from 1.6 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg and lead at 

concentrations that ranged from 3.9 mg/kg to 190 mg/kg (Ref. 12, pp. 13, 14; 24, pp. 121 to 144). These 

concentrations are lower than arsenic (up to 3,000 mg/kg) and lead (up to 3,100 mg/kg) concentrations 

detected at the Former Kil-Tone property in 2014 (Ref. 12, pp. 11, 12; 24, pp. 11 through 18, 22 through 

51). 

The hazardous substances listed below (arsenic and lead) have been detected in Source No. 1 as well as in 

surface water and sediment samples collected from Tarkiln Branch immediately downstream of the FKT 

property, indicating that a release has occurred or is occurring from the FKT property (see also and Tables 

6 and 8 in Section 4.1.2.1.1, Observed Release, and Tables 17, 18, and 20 for Source No. 1 in Section 

5.0.1 of this HRS documentation record).

Hazardous Substances in the Release

Arsenic

Lead

Surface Water Observed Release Factor Value: 550.00

46 SW-Observed Release
4.1.2 DRINKING WATER THREAT 

The drinking water threat was not scored because it is not expected to contribute significantly to the 

overall score.

47 SW-Drinking Water Threat
4.1.3.2 HUMAN FOOD CHAIN THREAT WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

4.1.3.2.1 Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation

The toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation factor values for arsenic and lead detected in Source No. 1 

with containment factor values of greater than 0 are summarized in Table 9. The combined toxicity, 

persistence, and bioaccumulation factor values are assigned in accordance with Reference 1, Section 

4.1.3.2.1.

TABLE 9: Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation

Hazardous 

Substance

Source 

No.

Toxicity 

Factor 

Value

Persistence 

Factor 

Value1

Human Food 

Chain 

Bioaccumulation 

Value2

Toxicity/

Persistence/

Bioaccumulation 

Factor Value (Ref. 

1, Table 4-16) Reference

Arsenic 1 10,000 1 5 5 × 104 2, p. BI-1

Lead 1 10,000 1 5,000 5 × 107 2, p. BI-7

Notes:

1 Persistence factor value for rivers 2 Bioaccumulation factor value for fresh water

For the human food chain threat, lead has the highest toxicity/persistence/bioaccumulation factor value of 

5 x 107 (Ref. 2, p. BI-7).

Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation Factor Value: 50,000,000.00

(Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.2.1.4)

48 SW-Human Food Chain Threat
4.1.3.2.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

TABLE 10: Hazardous Waste Quantity

Source No. Source Type Source Hazardous Waste Quantity

1 Contaminated soil (Source No. 1) 3.88 

Total Source Hazardous Waste Quantity: 3.88 

The hazardous constituent quantity for Source No. 1 is not adequately determined. Source No. 1 is 

composed of arsenic- and lead-contaminated soil on about 32 residential and commercial properties (Ref. 

55, p. 2) (see Figure 2 and Tables 17 to 20 of this HRS documentation record). The approximate area of 

observed contamination, excluding impervious surfaces, on each property was determined and the area of 

all properties was summed to obtain the source HWQ for Source No. 1 (Ref. 55, p. 2). The combined 

HWQ for Source No. 1 is approximately 132,252 square feet. (Ref. 55, p. 1, 2). In addition, the 

hazardous waste quantity receives a minimum factor value of 100 for the surface water migration 

pathway because actual contamination at Level II concentrations is present in HRS-eligible palustrine 

forested wetlands and hazardous constituent quantity is not adequately determined (Ref. 1, Section 

2.4.2.2). 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 100

(Ref. 1, Table 2-6) 

4.1.3.2.3 CALCULATION OF HUMAN FOOD CHAIN THREAT

WASTE CHARACTERISTICS FACTOR CATEGORY VALUE

For the human food chain threat, lead is evaluated for the waste characteristics. The waste characteristics 

factor category was obtained by multiplying the toxicity, persistence, and hazardous waste quantity 

(HWQ) factor values, subject to a maximum product of 1 x 108

. Then, this product was multiplied by the 

human food chain bioaccumulation potential factor value, subject to a maximum product of 1 x 1012. 

Based on this product, a value was assigned in accordance with Reference 1, Table 2-7. 

Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value: 10,000.00

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 100

Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value × 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 1 x 106 

Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value × 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value × Bioaccumulation Factor Value (5,000): 5 x 109 

Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 180

(Ref. 1, Table 2-7) 

49 SW-Human Food Chain Threat
4.1.3.3 HUMAN FOOD CHAIN THREAT TARGETS

4.1.3.3.1 Food Chain Individual

An observed release of a hazardous substance having a bioaccumulation factor value of 500 or greater is 

documented in perennial surface water with a fishery downstream — specifically, an observed release to 

Tarkiln Branch with the Maurice River and Union Lake as downstream fisheries (Refs. 3; 44, pp. 59, 75, 

82, 83, 85, 89, 90, 226, 227, 228, 229; 64; 68; 74) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record). 

Tarkiln Branch flows southwest for about 2.3 miles and converges with Parvin Branch, which flows 

southwest for about 1.5 miles before converging with the Maurice River (Ref. 3). The Maurice River 

widens to form the Union Lake, which flows for about 2 miles, before the Maurice River exits to the 

south (Refs. 3; 68). Union Lake and the Maurice River are fished (Refs. 64, p. 1; 74).

Fish species caught from the Maurice River for consumption include trout, Largemouth bass, Chain 

pickerel, and sunfish (Ref. 74). Fish caught from Union Lake for consumption include, Black crappie , 

Largemouth and Smallmouth bass, White and Yellow perch, Channel catfish, and two species of 

anadromous (migratory) fish (Alewife and Blue Black herring) (Ref. 74). During the spring, the NJDEP 

Division of Fish and Wildlife stock the Maurice River upstream of Union Lake with trout (Ref. 74). The 

NJDEP, Department of Health has issued fish consumption advisories for Maurice River downstream of 

Millville and Union Lake at Millville, which are within the 15-mile surface water migration pathway TDL

(Refs. 65, p. 67; 68). The advisories provide consumption guidelines for high risk groups including 

infants, children, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and women of child bearing age; it also includes 

consumption guidelines for the general population including all others that are not in the high risk group 

(Ref. 65, p. 1). The advisories provide do-not-eat recommendations for high-risk individuals for fish 

species including: Largemouth bass, White catfish, and Channel catfish in the Maurice River; and 

Largemouth bass, White perch, Chain pickerel, and Brown bullhead from Union Lake (Ref. 65, p. 67). 

The advisories recommend that high-risk individuals consume one meal per month of White perch form 

the Maurice River and Bluegill sunfish from Union Lake (Ref. 65, p. 67). Consumption advisories for the 

general population are as follows: from the Maurice River, one meal per week of Largemouth bass and 

White perch, and one meal per month of White catfish and Channel catfish; and from Union Lake, one 

meal per week of White perch, Bluegill sunfish, and Brown bullhead, and one meal a month of 

Largemouth bass and Chain pickerel (Ref. 65, p. 67). 

Food Chain Individual Factor Value: 20 

(Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.3.1)

4.1.3.3.2 Population

4.1.3.3.2.1 Level I Concentrations

No Level I samples were collected.

4.1.3.3.2.2 Level II Concentrations

No Level II samples were collected.

50 SW-Human Food Chain Threat
4.1.3.3.2.3 Potential Human Food Chain Contamination

The entire portions of Union Lake and the Maurice River within the 15-mile surface water migration 

pathway TDL are fished (Ref. 74). Information is not available on the annual production of fish caught in 

the Maurice River and Union Lake; therefore, the annual production is assumed to be at greater than 1 

pound per year (Ref. 72).

TABLE 11: Potential Population Targets

Identity 

of Fishery

Annual 

Production 

(pounds)

Type of 

Surface 

Water 

Body

Average 

Annual 

Flow (cfs)

Population 

Value (Pi) 

(Ref. 1, 

Table 4-

18)

Dilution 

Weight 

(Di) (Ref. 

1, Table 

4-13) Pi × Di References

Maurice 

River >1

Moderate

to large

stream 

165 0.03 0.01 0.0003

1, Tables 4-

13, Table 4-

18; 3; 60, p. 3 

Union 

Lake >1

Moderate 

to large 

stream

165 0.03 0.01 0.0003

1, Tables 4-

13, Table 4-

18; 3; 60, p. 3

Total 0.0006

Notes:

cfs Cubic feet per second

For the potential human food chain contamination factor value, the sum of Pi × Di is divided by 10.

Potential Human Food Chain Factor Value: 0.00006

(Ref. 1, Section 4.1.3.3.2.3)

51 SW-Human Food Chain Threat
4.1.4.2 ENVIRONMENTAL THREAT WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

4.1.4.2.1 Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation

The ecosystem toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation factor values for arsenic and lead detected in 

Source No. 1, with a containment factor value of greater than 0, are summarized in Table 12. The 

combined ecosystem toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation factor values are assigned in accordance 

with Reference 1, Section 4.1.4.2.1. 

TABLE 12: Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation

Hazardous 

Substances

Source 

No.

Ecosystem 

Toxicity 

Factor Value1

Persistence 

Factor 

Value2

Environmental

Bioaccumulation 

Value3

Ecosystem

Toxicity/

Bioaccumulation

Factor Value

(Ref. 1, Table 

4-21) Reference

Arsenic 1 10 1 50,000 5 × 105 2, p. BI-1

Lead 1 1,000 1 50,000 5 × 107 2, p. BI-7

Notes:

1 Ecotoxicity for fresh water 2 Persistence value for rivers 3 Bioaccumulation factor value for fresh water, environmental threat

For the environmental threat, lead has the highest ecosystem toxicity/persistence/ecosystem 

bioaccumulation factor value of 5 x 107 (Ref. 2, p. BI-7).

Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence/Bioaccumulation Factor Value: 5 × 107

(Reference 1, Section 4.1.4.2.1.4)

52 SW-Environmental Threat
4.1.4.2.2 HAZARDOUS WASTE QUANTITY

TABLE 13: Hazardous Waste Quantity

Source No. Source Type Source Hazardous Waste Quantity

1 Contaminated soil 3.88

Total Source Hazardous Waste Quantity: 3.88

The hazardous constituent quantity for Source No. 1 is not adequately determined. Source No. 1 is 

composed of arsenic- and lead-contaminated soil on about 32 residential and commercial properties. The 

approximate area of observed contamination, excluding impervious surfaces, on each property was 

determined and the area of all properties was summed to obtain the source HWQ for Source No. 1 (Ref. 

55, p. 2). The combined HWQ for Source No. 1 is about 132,252 square feet. In addition, the HWQ

receives a minimum factor value of 100 for the surface water migration pathway because actual 

contamination at Level II concentrations is present in HRS-eligible palustrine forested wetlands and the 

hazardous constituent quantity is not adequately determined (Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.2).

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 100

(Ref. 1, Table 2-6)

4.1.4.2.3 CALCULATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHAIN THREAT

WASTE CHARACTERISTICS FACTOR CATEGORY VALUE

For the environment threat, lead is evaluated for the waste characteristics. The waste characteristics 

factor category was obtained by multiplying the ecosystem toxicity, persistence, and HWQ factor values, 

subject to a maximum product of 1 x 108

. Then, this product was multiplied by the environmental 

bioaccumulation potential factor value, subject to a maximum product of 1 x 1012. Based on this product, 

a value was assigned in accordance with Reference 1, Table 2-7.

Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value: 1,000.00

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 100

Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value × 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 1 x 105

Ecosystem Toxicity/Persistence Factor Value × 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value × Bioaccumulation Factor Value (50,000): 5 x 109

Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 180

(Ref. 1, Table 2-7)

53 SW-Environmental Threat
4.1.4.3 Environmental Threat Targets

Level I Concentrations

No Level I concentrations have been documented.

Level II Concentrations

Actual contamination has been documented in wetland areas along Tarkiln Branch in Section 4.1.2.1.1 of 

this HRS documentation record. The sampling locations are depicted on Figure 4 of this HRS 

documentation record. During the April 2015 sampling event, EPA conducted an assessment of wetlands 

mapped by the National Wetlands Inventory and NJDEP (Ref. 62, p. 1). A wetlands specialist reviewed 

the soils, plants, and hydrology of 10 segments along Tarkiln and Parvin Branches to verify the presence 

or absence of wetlands (Ref. 62, p. 1). The wetland areas assessed were palustrine forested wetlands 

(Ref. 62, pp. 35 to 76). During the same sampling event, EPA collected surface water and sediment 

samples along the entire reach of Tarkiln Branch, and along Parvin Branch, both upstream and 

downstream of the confluence with Tarkiln Branch (Ref. 43, p. i). Most of the samples collected were 

located in wetlands mapped by the NWI and NJDEP, and some were located within the wetland areas 

verified by a wetlands specialist during the sampling event (Ref. 62, pp. 3 through 10, 14 through 19, 26 

through 31) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record). The zone of contamination begins at 

the PPE (headwaters of Tarkiln Branch) and ends at sediment sampling location FKT-SD-64, just 

upstream of where Tarkiln Branch merges with Parvin Branch (see Figure 4 of this HRS documentation 

record). The contaminated wetlands within the zone of contamination along Tarkiln Branch were

measured based on five non-contiguous wetland segments as follows: 1) downstream of S. West Avenue

to upstream of S. Delsea Drive, 2) small segment downstream of S. Delsea Drive, 3) downstream of S. 

Delsea Drive to upstream of S. Orchard Avenue, 4) downstream of S. Orchard Avenue to upstream of 

Elm Road, and 5) downstream of Elm Road to the end of the zone of contamination at sediment sample 

FKT-SD-64 (Ref. 82, pp. 1, 3, 4, 5). The estimated wetland frontage for all five wetland segments on 

both sides of Tarkiln Branch is 16,078 feet or 3.04 miles (Refs. 62, pp. 3 through 10, 14 through 19, 26 

through 28; 68; 82, pp. 1, 2).

Most Distant Level II Sample

Investigation: April 2015 Removal Assessment Sampling

Sample ID: FKT-SD-64

Sample Medium: Sediment

Hazardous Substance: Arsenic

Location: Tarkiln Branch, about 8,039 feet or 1.52 miles downstream of the S. West 

Avenue

References: 43, pp. i, 100, 181; 44, p. 136; 47, p. 12 (see also Tables 7 and 8 of this 

HRS documentation record)

4.1.4.3.1 Sensitive Environments

4.1.4.3.1.1 Level I Concentrations

Sensitive Environments

Sensitive environments other than wetlands have not been identified within the 15-mile TDL. 

Wetlands

Level I wetlands were not scored in this HRS documentation record.

54 SW-Environmental Threat
4.1.4.3.1.2 Level II Concentrations

Sensitive Environments

Sensitive environments other than wetlands have not been identified within the 15-mile TDL. 

Wetlands

The wetlands were identified from Reference 62, Wetland Presence/Absence Determination. Reference 

62 presents the NJDEP and NWI mapped wetlands as well as field verified wetlands (Ref. 62, pp. 3 

through 10, 14 through 19, 26 through 31, 35 through 76). The wetlands evaluated are palustrine forested 

(Ref. 62, pp, 3 through 10, 14 through 19, 26 through 28, 35 through 76). Sediment samples (FKT-SD02, FKT-SD-03, FKT-SD-05, FKT-SD-07, FKT-SD-08, FKT-SD-17, FKT-SD-20, FKT-SD-25, FKTSD-25-DUP, FKT-SD-38, FKT-SD-39, FKT-SD-44, FKT-SD-45, FKT-SD-46, FKT-SD-46-DUP, FKTSD-48, FKT-SD-56, FKT-SD-63, FKT-SD-118, FKT-SD-122, and FKT-SD-64) evaluated at Level II 

concentrations are located in palustrine forested wetlands along Tarkiln Branch starting about 175 feet 

downstream from S. West Avenue (about 0.5 mile downstream of the PPE) (Ref. 62, pp, 3 through 10, 14 

through 19, 26 through 28, 35 through 76) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record). The 

total wetland frontage, which begins about 0.5 mile downstream of the PPE, to the most downstream 

sample that contained Level II concentrations (FKT-SD-64) is about 16,078 feet or 3.04 miles (Ref. 62, 

pp, 3 through 10, 14 through 19, 26 through 31, 35 through 76; 82, pp. 1 through 5). Both sides of 

Tarkiln Branch within this segment contain HRS eligible wetlands and were included in the calculation of 

the wetland frontage (Ref. 82, pp. 1 through 5; 62, pp, 3 through 10, 14 through 19, 26 through 31, 35 

through 76) (see also Figure 4 of this HRS documentation record).

TABLE 14: Level II Wetland Frontage

Wetland Water Body Wetland Frontage References

Palustrine forested Tarkiln Branch 16,078 62, pp., 3 through 10, 14 

through 19, 26 through 28

Total Wetland Frontage 35 through 76 16,078 feet or 3.04 mile

Total Wetland Frontage: 16,078 (3.04 mile)

The wetland ratings value for 0.11 mile is obtained from Reference 1, Table 4-24 and is 100.

Wetland Value: 100

(Ref. 1, Table 4-24)

For wetlands subject to Level II concentrations, the wetland value (100) is multiplied by 1 (Ref. 1, 

Section 4.1.4.3.1.1).

Wetland Value: 100 × 1

Level II Concentrations Factor Value: 100

(Ref. 1, Section 4.1.4.3.1.1)

55 SW-Environmental Threat
4.1.4.3.1.3 Potential Contamination

Sensitive Environments

Potential sensitive environments were not evaluated because the presence of sensitive environments other 

than wetlands have not been identified.

Wetlands

Potential contamination of wetlands were not evaluated because potential contamination does not 

contribute significantly to the site score.

56 SW-Environmental Threat
5.0 SOIL EXPOSURE PATHWAY

5.0.1 General Considerations

According to the HRS, the soil exposure pathway evaluation is based on areas of observed contamination 

(Ref. 1, Sect 5.0.1). All soil samples evaluated for the area of observed contamination were collected at a 

depth of 2 feet or less (Refs. 9; 51) (see also Tables 15, 17, and 19 of this HRS documentation record). 

The area of observed soil contamination is currently defined based on analytical results for soil samples 

collected in the area during the NJDEP August 2014 SI sampling event and the EPA January and 

February 2015 removal assessment residential sampling event (Refs. 5; 9; 12; 24; 51). Analytical results 

for hazardous substances (arsenic and lead) in the soil samples are present at concentrations three times 

greater than the designated background levels and at concentrations greater than the corresponding 

sample quantitation limits (SQL) (Refs. 5; 24) (see also Tables 5 and 9 of this HRS documentation 

record). 

Letter by which this area is to be identified: A

Name and description of the area: Area of Observed Contamination (AOC) A on the FKT Property and 

Surrounding Commercial and Residential Properties

Type of the area: Contaminated soil

Location of the area, with reference to a map of the site:

AOC A is contaminated soil that contains arsenic and lead above background levels, throughout the FKT 

property, as well as on residential and commercial properties surrounding FKT (Refs. 5, pp. 13, 17, 20, 

35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 52, 54, 66, 68, 73, 75, 78, 83, 86, 103, 134, 150, 153, 160, 190, 200; 24, pp. 15, 16, 22, 

23, 26, 27, 31, 32, 35, 36, 44, 48, 49) (see Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). Soil samples that 

meet observed contamination criteria were used to delineate AOC A (Ref. 1, Table 2-3; see Tables 18, 

and 20 of this HRS documentation record). In accordance with Section 5.0.1 General Considerations, of 

the HRS, areas lying between sampling locations, except those areas that are covered by an impenetrable 

material, are included in AOC A (Ref. 1, Section 5.0.1) (see also Figure 2 of this HRS documentation 

record). Soil within AOC A likely became contaminated because of the use of fill material, surface water 

runoff, and air deposition (Refs. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33; 21, 

pp. 1, 2; 23, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4) (see also section 4.1.2.1.1 Observed Release − Direct Observation, of this HRS 

documentation record). During sampling activities, fill material was observed on the FKT property and 

several residential properties within AOC A. Fill material observed during soil sampling included 

concrete, red brick, coarse sand, coarse black sand, coarse orange and orange black sand with asphalt, 

brick shards, plastic, terra cotta, dark brown soil fill, various types of variegated dark brown soil and fill, 

coal fragments, coal ash, silt, small shards of coal, porcelain, rock shards, slag, and trash (Refs. 23, pp. 1, 

2, 3, 4; 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33). The fill material was mixed 

with the soil, which was primarily course sandy loams (Ref. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 

24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33). Fill material is not continuous throughout individual properties or on all 

properties that comprise AOC A (Ref. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 

33). Arsenic and lead have been detected at varying concentrations in soil samples collected from AOC 

A (Ref. 5, pp. 12 through 210). This inconsistent nature of arsenic and lead contamination in the soils of

AOC A is characteristic for deposition by wind-blown particulates (Ref. 76, pp. 3, 15, 313, 315). The soil 

and fill material are mixed; however, the soil samples collected primarily consisted of course sands, 

loamy sands, and sandy loams; therefore, AOC Ais evaluated as contaminated soil (Ref. 8, pp. 1 through 

33).

Kil-Tone began operations at the property in the late 1910s manufacturing the pesticide arsenate of lead 

(Ref. 12, p. 2). Lead arsenate is a pentavalent form of inorganic arsenic (Ref. 32, p. 1). In a 1989 

affidavit, a resident confirmed that while Kil-Tone was in operation, a green and white dust typically 

57 SE – AOC A General Considerations
coated the ground and rooftops, as well as along the shore of Tarkiln Branch, near the FKT property (Ref. 

21, pp. 1, 2). 

Arsenic and lead also have been detected in AOC A, which is comprised of the FKT property, and about 

32 residential and commercial properties that surround the FKT property. The extent of AOC Ais 

determined by contaminated soil samples contained in Tables 18 and 20 of this HRS documentation 

record. EPA is evaluating analytical results of samples collected during the removal assessment to 

determine what properties are located in impacted areas and which ones will need to be considered for a 

removal action (Ref. 67, p. 1). 

58 SE – AOC A General Considerations
Background Levels

To establish background levels for arsenic and lead, an evaluation of samples collected from two local 

parks, a cemetery, and the soil samples collected in August 2014 and January and February 2015 was 

conducted. Analytical results indicate that the parks and cemetery, located north, northwest, and 

southwest of AOC A, have not been impacted by past operations at the FKT property (Refs. 5, pp. 56, 57, 

58, 59, 63, 114 through 121, 122 through 130). In addition to the samples collected from areas outside 

the influence of the FKT property, soil samples collected within AOC A that did not meet observed 

release criteria were evaluated to establish background levels. The texture of all soil samples evaluated to 

establish background levels and the contaminated soil samples collected from AOC A consisted primarily 

of course sand, sandy loam, and loamy sand (Refs. 8, pp. 3 through 33; 23, pp. 2 through 5; 51, pp. 5, 6, 

8). Therefore, the background levels and the contaminated soil samples collected from AOC A are of

similar soil types.

The background evaluation revealed that some soil samples contained low levels of arsenic and lead at 

concentrations that ranged from 1.4 mg/kg (615SE-SUB-1A) to 6.5 mg/kg for arsenic (FKT-030-04-A, 

FKT-033-02-A, and FKT-034-02-A) and 4.0 mg/kg (728SS-SUB-1A) to 7.1 mg/kg (511 PAUL-SUB6A) for lead (Refs. 5, pp. 88, 110, 111; 24, pp. 91, 142, 165). Also, between 1996 and 2001, NJDEP 

conducted a study to determine the ambient levels of metals in New Jersey soils (Ref. 73, p. 1). For this 

study, NJDEP collected urban soil samples from various parks because those soils likely had not been 

disturbed for some time (Ref. 73, p. 2). The study revealed that the average concentrations of arsenic and 

lead were 5.2 mg/kg and 37.6 mg/kg, respectively (Ref. 73, p. 3).

As a result of the background evaluation, it was determined that arsenic and lead concentrations detected 

in soil samples collected at Landis Park (FKT-018) located approximately 5,280 feet or 1 mile north of 

the FKT property (Refs. 3; 5, pp. 56 through 59, 63; 9, pp. 48 through 50; 28, p. 7) (also see Figure 3 of 

this HRS documentation record) are adequate to establish background levels for comparison to samples 

collected in AOC A. Samples collected from Landis Park were collected during the EPA January and 

February 2015 removal assessment (Ref. 9, pp. 1, 48, 49, 50) and are presented as the background 

samples in Tables 15 and 16 of this HRS documentation record.

Background Samples

As stated above, soil samples collected from Landis Park were determined adequate to represent 

background levels for arsenic and lead for comparison to contaminated soil samples. The background soil 

samples FKT-018-01-A, FKT-018-01-B, FKT-018-01-C, FKT-018-02-C, and FKT-018-01-D listed in 

Table 15 were collected by EPA during the January and February 2015 removal assessment residential 

sampling event (Refs. 5, pp. i, 1 through 8; 28, p. 7). The background soil samples were collected from 

Landis Park (FKT-018) located about 5,280 feet or 1 mile north of the FKT property (Refs. 3; 5, pp. 56 

through 59, 63; 9, pp. 48 through 50; 28, p. 7) (also see Figure 3 of this HRS documentation record). The 

background soil samples were collected from two sampling stations within the park and at multiple depth 

intervals including 0 to 2 inches bgs, 2 to 6 inches bgs, 6 to 12 inches bgs, and 12 to 24 inches bgs (Refs. 

9, pp. i, 48, 49; 15, pp. 4, 5).

Background and contaminated soil samples are similar because they were collected during the same time 

frame, in accordance with the same sampling procedures (hand augers and macro core samplers) and from 

the same type of soils, Downer-Urban land and Hammonton-Urban land complex – both of which are 

primarily loamy sands and sandy loams (Refs. 9, pp. 48, 59; 22, pp. 8, 12, 14; 29, pp, 2, 4, 6). During 

sampling activities, the soil types observed at the background and contaminated sampling locations 

included course sands, course sandy loams, course loamy sands, course sandy clays, and course loamy 

sand to sand (Refs. 8, pp. 3 through 33; 23, pp. 2 through 5; 51, pp. 5, 6, 8). In addition, background and 

contaminated soil samples collected in 2015 were analyzed for grain size. The grain size analysis 

indicated that the background and contaminated soils samples are primarily sand (Ref. 79, pp. 9 through 

25). The percentage of sand in the background soil samples ranged from 63.9 percent in sample FKT018-01-D to 61.4 percent in sample FKT-018-01-B (Ref. 79, pp. 17, 18). The percentage of sand in the 

59 SE – Observed Release
contaminated soil samples ranged from 54.4 percent in sample FKT-001-07-Bto 85 percent in sample 

FKT-030-03-A(Ref. 79, pp. 9, 22). The grain size analysis indicated that the background and 

contaminated soil samples contained silt, clay, and colloids (Ref. 79, pp. 9 through 25). The percentage 

of silt, clay, and colloids in the background samples ranged from 30.7 percent in sample FKT-018-01-D 

to 37.3 percent in sample FKT-018-01-A (Ref. 79, pp. 17, 18). The percentage of silt, clay, and colloids 

in the contaminated soil samples ranged from 9.7 in sample FKT-016-06-D to 38.2 percent in sample 

FKT-028-05-A (Ref. 79, pp. 16, 17, 22). The background and contaminated soil samples were grab 

samples and were analyzed using the same analytical methods by the EPA Region 2 laboratory (Refs. 5, 

pp. 1 through 10; 9, p. i; 24, pp. 1 to 10). Chain-of-custody records for the background soil samples 

collected from Landis Park (FKT-018) are provided in Reference 28 (Ref. 28, p. 7). Field sample 

collection sheets are provided in Reference 9 pp. 48 to 50).

60 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 15: Background Soil Sample Description – January and February 2015

Sample ID

Sample 

Location

Physical 

Characteristics

Depth 

(inches bgs)

Date 

Sampled References

Background for Contaminated Samples Collected from 0 to 2 Inches bgs

FKT-018-01-A

Landis Park, 

north of the 

FKT property at 

600 East Park 

Avenue.

Black organic coarse 

sandy loam 0 to 2 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 15; 

9, pp. 48, 49, 

50; 28, p, 7

Background for Contaminated Samples Collected from 0 to 6 and 2 to 6 Inches bgs

FKT-018-01-B

Landis Park, 

north of the 

FKT property at 

600 East Park 

Avenue.

Black organic coarse 

sandy loam 2 to 6 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 15; 

9, pp. 48, 49, 

50; 28, p, 7

Background for Contaminated Samples Collected from 6 to 12 Inches bgs

FKT-018-01-C

Landis Park, 

north of the 

FKT property at 

600 East Park 

Avenue.

Dark yellow brown 

coarse sandy loam 

and brown fine 

sandy clay 

6 to 12 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 15; 

9, pp. 48, 49, 

50; 28, p, 7

FKT-018-02-C

Landis Park, 

north of the 

FKT property at 

600 East Park 

Avenue.

Organic coarse 

sandy loam and dark 

yellowish brown 

coarse sandy loam 

6 to 12 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 15; 

9, pp. 48, 49, 

50; 28, p, 7

Background for Samples Collected from 12 to 24 and 18 to 24 Inches bgs

FKT-018-01-D

Landis Park, 

north of the 

FKT property at 

600 East Park 

Avenue.

Brown fine sandy 

clay and brown 

coarse loamy sand 

12 to 24 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 15; 

9, pp. 48, 49, 

50; 28, p, 7

Notes:

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for FKT project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 49)

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 49)

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 49)

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 49)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

ID Identification number

61 SE – Observed Release
Background Concentrations

The background soil samples listed in Table 16 were collected by EPA during the January and February 

2015 sampling event (Refs. 5, pp. i, 1 through 8; 28, p. 7). The concentrations of arsenic and lead 

presented in Table 16 were determined to be adequate to establish background levels for AOC A (Refs. 5, 

pp. 56, 57, 58, 59, 63). The EPA Region 2 Laboratory analyzed the background soil samples for EPA 

TAL metals using EPA Method 200.7 and in accordance with SOP C-109 Revision 3.3 (Refs. 5, p. 10; 

40, p. 3). The EPA Region 2 laboratory reviewed the data in accordance with SOP G-26, Revision 1.3 

(Refs. 31; 41, pp. 5 to 11). The data review checklists are provided in Reference 52. The RLs are listed 

on the analytical data sheets in Reference 5, pp. 56, 57, 58, 59. Each RL is sample-specific and 

corresponds to the lowest demonstrated level of acceptable quantitation; it is adjusted for preparation 

weights and volumes, and any dilutions performed. The RLs are equivalent to SQL as defined in HRS 

Section 1.1, Definitions (Refs. 1, p. 51586; 31).

TABLE 16: Analytical Results for Background Soil Samples

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Concentration 

(mg/kg) RL (mg/kg) References

Background for Samples Collected from 0 to 2 Inches bgs

FKT-018-01-A Arsenic 6.4 0.81 5, p. 56

FKT-018-01-A Lead 57 0.81 5, p. 56

Background for Samples Collected from 0 to 6 and 2 to 6 and Inches bgs

FKT-018-01-B Arsenic 5.7 0.75 5, p. 57

FKT-018-01-B Lead 47 0.75 5, p. 57

Background for Samples Collected from 6 to 12 Inches bgs

FKT-018-01-C Arsenic 3.1 0.71 5, p. 58

FKT-018-02-C Lead 19 0.72 5, p. 63

Background for Samples Collected from 12 to 24 and 18 to 24 Inches bgs

FKT-018-01-D Arsenic 3.3 0.68 5, p. 59

FKT-018-01-D Lead 8.7 0.68 5, p. 59

Notes:

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for FKT project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 49)

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 49)

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 49)

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 49)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

ID Identification number

mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram

RL Reporting limit

62 SE – Observed Release
Contaminated Samples – NJDEP 2014 Site Investigation

The soil samples listed in Table 17 were collected by NJDEP, BEMSA during the August 2014 SI (Refs. 

24, pp. i, 1 to 9; 27, pp. 1 to 16). The work plan for the NJDEP SI is contained in Reference 6. The work 

plan provided a general outline for sampling activities. Sampling activities were revised in response to 

field conditions and deviations were documented in the SI report (Ref. 63). The soil samples were 

collected throughout the FKT property and from residential and commercial properties located within a 1 

block radius of the FKT property (Ref. 12, pp. 8, 38 to 41). The soil samples were collected at 0 to 0.5 

foot (0 to 6 inches) bgs and 1.5 to 2 feet (18 to 24 inches) bgs (Refs. 12, pp. 9, 10, 16; 51, pp. 3 to 46). 

The contaminated soil samples were collected away from common sources of lead contamination such as 

road, driveways, and roof drain lines (Ref. 85, p. 1). The contaminated soil samples were collected from 

similar soil types as the background soil samples (Refs. 8, pp. 3 through 33; 23, pp. 2 through 5; 51, pp. 5, 

6, 8). The locations of the samples are depicted in Reference 12, pp. 38 to 41 (see also Figure 2 of this 

HRS documentation record). The chain-of-custody records are provided in Reference 27 (specific pages 

for each sample are provided below).

TABLE 17: AOC Soil Sample Description – August 2014

Sample ID

Sample 

Location

Depth

(inches bgs) Date Sampled References

Compared to Background Samples FKT-018-01-A and FKT-018-01-B

USC-SUR-2

Eastern portion 

of FKT property 0 to 6 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 

1; 51, p. 3

USC-SUR-3

Northeastern 

corner of FKT 

property

0 to 6 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 

1; 51, p. 7

USC-SUR-4

Northeastern 

corner of FKT 

property

0 to 6 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 2; 

51, p. 7

USC-SUR-5

Central portion of 

FKT property 0 to 6 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 2; 

51, p. 9

USC-SUR-6

South-central 

portion of FKT 

property

0 to 6 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 2; 

51, p. 9

USC-SUR-9

Northwestern 

portion of FKT 

property

0 to 6 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 3; 27, p. 3; 

51, p. 13

531EC-SUR-1

Northern portion 

property 0 to 6 8/19/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 3; 27, p. 4; 

51, p. 13

708SS-SUR-2

Back yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/19/2014 12, p. 39; 24, p. 3; 27, p. 4; 

51, p. 15

722SS-SUR-2

Back yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/19/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 4; 27, p. 5; 

51, p. 17

726SS-SUR-1

Front yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/19/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 4; 27, p. 6; 

51, p. 17

63 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 17: AOC Soil Sample Description – August 2014

Sample ID

Sample 

Location

Depth

(inches bgs) Date Sampled References

726SS-SUR-2

Back yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/19/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 4; 27, p. 6; 

51, p. 19

510WA-SUR-3

Northwest 

corner of vacant 

lot located south 

of the FKT 

property

0 to 6 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 5; 27, p. 7; 

51, p. 25

510WA-SUR-4

Southwest 

corner of vacant 

lot located south 

of the FKT 

property

0 to 6 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 5; 27, p. 7; 

51, p. 27

VS-SUR-2

Northeastern 

portion of 

Vineland Syrup 

property

0 to 6 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 5; 27, p. 8; 

51, p. 29

511PAUL-SUR-1

Northwestern 

corner of former 

gasoline station

0 to 6 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 5; 27, p. 8; 

51, p. 29

511PAUL-SUR-3

North-center 

portion of 

former gasoline 

station

0 to 6 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 6; 27, p. 9; 

51, p. 31

511PAUL-SUR-5

Northeastern 

corner of former 

gasoline station

0 to 6 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 6; 27, p. 9; 

51, p. 33

527EC-SUR-2

Front yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/22/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 8; 27, p. 

15; 51, p. 44

610SS-SUR-2

Back yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/22/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 9; 27, p. 

16; 51, p. 46

615SE-SUR-1

Front yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

11; 51, p. 39

615SE-SUR-2

Back yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

11; 51, p. 39

615SE-SUR-3

Back yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

12; 51, p. 39

513EC-SUR-2

Back yard of 

residential 

property

0 to 6 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 8; 27, p. 

13; 51, p. 40

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-D Collected from 12 to 24 Inches bgs

USC-SUB-2A Eastern portion 

of FKT property 18 to 24 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 

1; 51, p. 3; 85, pp. 1, 2

64 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 17: AOC Soil Sample Description – August 2014

Sample ID

Sample 

Location

Depth

(inches bgs) Date Sampled References

USC-SUB-3A

Northeastern 

corner of FKT 

property

18 to 24 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 

1; 51, p. 7; 85, pp. 1, 2

USC-SUB-4A

Northeastern 

corner of FKT 

property

18 to 24 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 

2; 51, p. 7; 85, pp. 1, 2

USC-SUB-5A Central portion 

of FKT property 18 to 24 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 

2; 51, p. 9; 85, pp. 1, 2

USC-SUB-6A

South-central 

portion of FKT 

property

18 to 24 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 2; 27, p. 

2; 51, p. 9; 85, pp. 1, 2

USC-SUB-8A Western portion 

of FKT property 18 to 24 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 3; 27, p. 

3; 51, p. 11; 85, pp. 1, 2

USC-SUB-9A

Northwestern 

portion of FKT 

property

18 to 24 8/18/2014 12, p. 38; 24, p. 3; 27, p. 

3; 51, p. 13; 85, pp. 1, 2

722SS-SUB-1A

Front yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/19/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 4; 27, p. 

4; 51, p. 17; 85, pp. 1, 2

722SS-SUB-2A

Back yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/19/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 4; 27, p. 

5; 51, p. 17; 85, pp. 1, 2

728SS-SUB-2A

Back yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/19/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 4; 27, p. 

5; 51, p. 19; 85, pp. 1, 2

510WA-SUB-1A

Southeastern 

corner of vacant 

lot located south 

of the FKT 

property

18 to 24 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 4 27, p. 

7; 51, p. 23; 85, pp. 1, 2

510WA-SUB-2A

Northeastern 

corner of vacant 

lot located south 

of the FKT 

property

18 to 24 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 5; 27, p. 

7; 51, p. 23; 85, pp. 1, 2

VS-SUB-1A

Southeastern 

portion of 

Vineland Syrup 

property

18 to 24 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 5; 27, p. 

8; 51, p. 27; 85, pp. 1, 2

511PAUL-SUB-1A

Northwestern 

corner of former 

gasoline station 

property

18 to 24 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 5; 27, p. 

8; 51, p. 29; 85, pp. 1, 2

511PAUL-SUB-2A

Southwestern 

corner of former 

gasoline station 

property

18 to 24 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 5; 27, p. 

9; 51, p. 31; 85, pp. 1, 2

65 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 17: AOC Soil Sample Description – August 2014

Sample ID

Sample 

Location

Depth

(inches bgs) Date Sampled References

511PAUL-SUB-3A

North-central 

portion of 

former gasoline 

station property 

18 to 24 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 6; 27, p. 

9; 51, p. 31; 85, pp. 1, 2

511PAUL-SUB-5A

Northeastern 

corner of former 

gasoline station 

property

18 to 24 8/20/2014 12, p. 40; 24, p. 6; 27, p. 

9; 51, p. 33; 85, pp. 1, 2

EC-SUB-2A Southern portion 

of empty lot 18 to 24 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 8; 27, p. 

13; 51, p. 42; 85, pp. 1, 2

527EC-SUB-2A

Front yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/22/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 8; 27, p. 

15; 51, p. 44; 85, pp. 1, 2

610SS-SUB-1A

Front yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/22/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 9; 27, p. 

16; 51, p. 45; 85, pp. 1, 2

610SS-SUB-2A

Back yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/22/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 9; 27, p. 

16; 51, p. 46; 85, pp. 1, 2

614SS-SUB-2A

Back yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/22/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 9; 27, p. 

15; 51, p. 45; 85, pp. 1, 2

615SE-SUB-2A

Back yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

11; 51, p. 39; 85, pp. 1, 2

619SE-SUB-1A

Front yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

11; 51, p. 38; 85, pp. 1, 2

619SE-SUB-2A

Back yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

11; 51, p. 38; 85, pp. 1, 2

511EC-SUB-1A

Front yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

12; 51, p. 40; 85, pp. 1, 2

511EC-SUB-2A

Back yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

12; 51, p. 40; 85, pp. 1, 2

513EC-SUB-1A

Front yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 7; 27, p. 

12; 51, p. 40; 85, pp. 1, 2

513EC-SUB-2A

Back yard of 

residential 

property

18 to 24 8/21/2014 12, p. 41; 24, p. 8; 27, p. 

12; 51, p. 40; 85, pp. 1, 2

Notes:

# Sampling station on property

A Depth of 1.5 to 2 feet bgs (Ref. 12, p. 12)

AOC Area of observed contamination

bgs Below ground surface

EC East Chestnut Avenue

66 SE – Observed Release
Table 17 – Notes Continued: 

FKT Former Kil-Tone

ID Identification number

SE South East Boulevard

SS South Sixth Street

SUB Subsurface soil (18 to 24 inches bgs)

SUR Surface soil (0 to 6 inches bgs)

USC Urban Sign & Crane, Inc.

VS Vineland Syrup

WA Washington Street

67 SE – Observed Release
Contaminated Concentrations – NJDEP 2014 Site Investigation

The soil samples listed in Table 18 were collected by NJDEP, BEMSA during the August 2014 SI 

sampling event (Refs. 24, pp. i, 4; 27, p. 7). All samples in Table 18 meet the criteria for observed 

contamination in accordance with Reference 1, Section 5.01, General Consideration and Table 2-3. 

Background levels used in Table 18 are provided according to depth (for more information on how 

background levels were established, see section 5.0.1 General Considerations − Background Levels, of 

this HRS documentation record). The samples were analyzed by the EPA Region 2 Laboratory for TAL 

metals using EPA Method 200.7 and in accordance with SOP C-109 Revision 3.2 (Refs. 24, p. 10; 58, p. 

3). The EPA Region 2 laboratory reviewed the data in accordance with EPA SOP G-26 Revision 1.2

(Refs. 31; 59, pp. 4 through 9). The data review checklists are provided in Reference 49. The RLs are 

listed on the analytical data sheets in Reference 24. Each RL is sample-specific and corresponds to the 

lowest demonstrated level of acceptable quantitation and is adjusted for preparation weights and volumes, 

dilutions, and percent moisture in soil. The RLs are equivalent to SQL as defined in HRS Section 1.1, 

Definitions (Refs. 1, p. 51586; 31).

TABLE 18: Analytical Results for AOC Soil Samples – August 2014

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Concentration 

(mg/kg)

RL 

(mg/kg) Reference

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-A and FKT-018-01-B

Collected from 0 to 6 and 2 to 6 Inches bgs

(Arsenic, 6.4 mg/kg and Lead, 57 mg/kg) (Ref. 5, pp. 56, 57)

USC-SUR-2 Arsenic 110 0.77 24, p. 15

USC-SUR-2 Lead 190 0.77 24, p. 15

USC-SUR-3 Arsenic 100 0.76 24, p. 22

USC-SUR-3 Lead 190 0.76 24, p. 22

USC-SUR-4 Arsenic 130 0.78 24, p. 26

USC-SUR-5 Arsenic 320 0.81 24, p. 31

USC-SUR-5 Lead 230 0.81 24, p. 31

USC-SUR-6 Arsenic 420 0.62 24, p. 35

USC-SUR-9 Arsenic 740 0.78 24, p. 48

USC-SUR-9 Lead 370 0.78 24, p. 48

531EC-SUR-1 Arsenic 21 0.79 24, p. 55

708SS-SUR-2 Arsenic 39 0.8 24, p. 64

708SS-SUR-2 Lead 230 0.8 24, p. 64

722SS-SUR-2 Arsenic 49 0.78 24, p. 72

722SS-SUR-2 Lead 190 0.78 24, p. 72

726SS-SUR-1 Arsenic 23 0.76 24, p. 76

726SS-SUR-2 Lead 260 0.82 24, p. 87

510WA-SUR-3 Arsenic 39 0.83 24, p. 103

68 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 18: Analytical Results for AOC Soil Samples – August 2014

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Concentration 

(mg/kg)

RL 

(mg/kg) Reference

510WA-SUR-3 Lead 470 0.83 24, p. 103

510WA-SUR-4 Arsenic 37 0.77 24, p. 107

VS-SUR-2 Arsenic 50 0.83 24, p. 116

511PAUL-SUR-1 Arsenic 40 0.73 24, p. 121

511PAUL-SUR-3 Arsenic 25 0.76 24, p. 129

511PAUL-SUR-5 Arsenic 200 0.80 24, p. 137

527EC-SUR-2 Lead 1,100 0.80 24, p. 210

610SS-SUR-2 Lead 300 0.76 24, p. 228

615SE-SUR-1 Lead 280 0.72 24, p. 164

615SE-SUR-2 Arsenic 83 0.74 24, p. 168

615SE-SUR-2 Lead 570 0.74 24, p. 168

615SE-SUR-3 Arsenic 90 0.79 24, p. 172

615SE-SUR-3 Lead 530 0.79 24, p. 172

513EC-SUR-2 Lead 270 0.81 24, p. 186

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-D Collected from 18 to 24 Inches bgs

(Arsenic, 3.3 mg/kg and Lead, 8.7 mg/kg ) (Ref. 5, p. 59)

510WA-SUB-1A Arsenic 10 0.87 24, p. 95

USC-SUB-2A Arsenic 38 0.57 24, p. 16

USC-SUB-3A Arsenic 68 0.69 24, p. 23

USC-SUB-4A Arsenic 170 0.76 24, p. 27

USC-SUB-4A Lead 180 0.76 24, p. 27

USC-SUB-5A Arsenic 220 0.61 24, p. 32

USC-SUB-5A Lead 140 0.61 24, p. 32

USC-SUB-6A Arsenic 590 0.73 24, p. 36

USC-SUB-6A Lead 190 0.73 24, p. 36

USC-SUB-8A Arsenic 360 0.78 24, p. 44

USC-SUB-8A Lead 410 0.78 24, p. 44

USC-SUB-9A Arsenic 3,000 0.79 24, p. 49

USC-SUB-9A Lead 3,100 0.79 24, p. 49

722SS-SUB-1A Arsenic 37 0.71 24, p. 69

69 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 18: Analytical Results for AOC Soil Samples – August 2014

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Concentration 

(mg/kg)

RL 

(mg/kg) Reference

722SS-SUB-1A Lead 75 0.71 24, p. 69

722SS-SUB-2A Arsenic 23 0.66 24, p. 73

722SS-SUB-2A Lead 41 0.66 24, p. 73

728SS-SUB-2A Arsenic 12 0.82 24, p. 80

728SS-SUB-2A Lead 100 0.82 24, p. 80

510WA-SUB-1A Arsenic 10 0.87 24, p. 95

510WA-SUB-2A Arsenic 9.9 0.83 24, p. 100

VS-SUB-1A Arsenic 12 0.87 24, p. 113

VS-SUB-1A Lead 56 0.87 24, p. 113

511PAUL-SUB-1A Arsenic 80 0.96 24, p. 122

511PAUL-SUB-2A Arsenic 20 0.84 24, p. 126

511PAUL-SUB-2A Lead 190 0.84 24, p. 126

511PAUL-SUB-3A Arsenic 21 0.79 24, p. 130

511PAUL-SUB-3A Arsenic 38 0.79 24, p. 130

511PAUL-SUB-5A Arsenic 27 0.77 24, p. 138

EC-SUB-2A Arsenic 18 0.80 24, p. 196

EC-SUB-2A Lead 220 0.80 24, p. 196

527EC-SUB-2A Arsenic 12 0.80 24, p. 211

527EC-SUB-2A Lead 77 0.80 24, p. 211

610SS-SUB-1A Lead 73 0.72 24, p. 225

610SS-SUB-2A Arsenic 15 0.75 24, p. 229

610SS-SUB-2A Lead 320 0.75 24, p. 229

614SS-SUB-2A Arsenic 44 0.72 24, p. 220

614SS-SUB-2A Lead 33 0.72 24, p. 220

615SE-SUB-2A Arsenic 95 0.75 24, p. 169

615SE-SUB-2A Lead 360 0.75 24, p. 169

619SE-SUB-1A Arsenic 38 0.75 24, p. 157

619SE-SUB-2A Arsenic 120 0.81 24, p. 161

619SE-SUB-2A Lead 750 0.81 24, p. 161

70 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 18: Analytical Results for AOC Soil Samples – August 2014

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Concentration 

(mg/kg)

RL 

(mg/kg) Reference

511EC-SUB-1A Lead 52 0.81 24, p. 174

511EC-SUB-2A Arsenic 17 0.85 24, p. 178

513EC-SUB-1A Lead 120 0.78 24, p. 182

513EC-SUB-2A Lead 96 0.79 24, p. 187

Notes:

# Sampling station on property

A Depth of 1.5 to 2 feet bgs (Ref. 12, pp. 9, 10, 16)

AOC Area of observed contamination

bgs Below ground surface

EC East Chestnut Avenue

ID Identification number

mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram

RL Reporting limit

SE South East Boulevard

SS South Sixth Street

SUB Subsurface soil (18 to 24 inches bgs)

SUR Surface soil (0 to 6 inches bgs)

USC Urban Sign and Crane

VS Vineland Syrup

WA Washington Avenue

71 SE – Observed Release
Contaminated Samples - EPA January and February 2015 Removal Assessment

The soil samples listed in Table 19 were collected by EPA during the January and February 2015 removal 

assessment residential sampling event (Refs. 5, pp. i, 1−8; 28, , pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17). 

The soil samples were collected from residential properties located in the immediate vicinity of the FKT 

property (Ref. 9, p. i) (see also Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). The soil samples were 

collected from multiple sampling stations on each property and at multiple depth intervals including 0 to 

2 inches bgs, 2 to 6 inches bgs, 6 to 12 inches bgs, and 12 to 24 inches bgs (Refs. 9, p. i, 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 

16, 19, 22, 25, 26, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 51, 54, 57, 60, 63, 66, 69, 75, 75, 78, 81, 84; 15, pp. 3, 4). The 

residential soil samples were collected away from common sources of lead contamination such as road, 

driveways, and roof drain lines (Ref. 84). The field sample collection sheets that provide the descriptions 

of the locations of the soil samples are provided in Reference 9, pp. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 27, 28, 31, 

34, 37, 40, 43, 46, 52, 55, 58, 61, 64, 67, 70, 73, 76, 79, 82, 85. Chain-of-custody records are provided in 

Reference 28, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 17. 

TABLE 19: AOC A Soil Sample Description – January and February 2015

Sample ID Sample 

Location

Physical 

Characteristics

Depth 

(inches 

bgs)

Date 

Sampled References

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-A Collected from 0 to 2 Inches bgs 

FKT-003-02-A FKT-003 Dark brown topsoil, 

coarse sandy loam 0 to 2 1/26/2015 5, p. 6; 8, p. 12; 9, pp. 7, 8, 9; 28, p. 13

FKT-005-06-A FKT-005 Dark brown topsoil, 

organic sandy loam 0 to 2 1/26/2015

5, p. 2; 8, pp. 10, 11; 

9, pp. 13, 14, 15; 28, 

p. 4

FKT-006-02-A FKT-006 Dark brown topsoil, 

sandy loam 0 to 2 1/23/2015 5, p. 2; 8, p. 7; 9, pp. 16, 17, 18; 28, p. 4

FKT-020-01-A FKT-020 Dark brown topsoil, 

organic sandy loam 0 to 2 1/26/2015 5, p. 3; 8, p. 8; 9, pp. 51, 52, 53; 28, p. 7

FKT-027-02-E FKT-027 Dark brown organic 

sandy loam 0 to 2 1/30/2015

5, p. 8; 8, p. 29; 9, 

pp. 69, 70, 71; 28, p. 

17

FKT-028-05-A FKT-028 Dark brown organic 

sandy loam 0 to 2 1/30/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 30; 9, 

pp. 72, 73, 74; 28, p. 

8

FKT-028-02-A FKT-028 Dark brown organic 

sandy loam 0 to 2 1/30/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 30; 9, 

pp. 72, 73, 74; 28, p. 

8

FKT-030-04-A FKT-030 Dark brown coarse 

organic sandy loam 0 to 2 2/4/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 33; 9, 

pp. 75, 76, 77; 28, p. 

8

FKT-033-04-E FKT-033

Very dark brown 

organic coarse sandy 

loam

0 to 2 1/29/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 20; 9, 

pp. 81, 82, 83; 28, p. 

9

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-B Collected from 2 to 6 Inches bgs

FKT-001-07-B FKT-001 Dark brown topsoil, 

organic sandy loam 2 to 6 1/26/2015 5, p. 2; 8, p. 10; 9, pp. 1, 2, 3; 28, p. 4

FKT-001-04-B FKT-001 Dark brown topsoil, 

organic sandy loam 2 to 6 1/26/2015 5, p. 4; 8, p. 10; 9, pp. 1, 2, 3; 28, p. 4

FKT-002-04-B FKT-002 Dark brown topsoil, 

coarse sandy loam 2 to 6 1/26/2015 5, p. 2; 8, pp. 12, 14; 9, pp. 4, 5, 6; 28, p. 4

72 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 19: AOC A Soil Sample Description – January and February 2015

Sample ID Sample 

Location

Physical 

Characteristics

Depth 

(inches 

bgs)

Date 

Sampled References

FKT-007-03-F FKT-007 Variegated dark brown 

fill 2 to 6 1/23/2015 5, p. 7; 8, p. 7; 9, pp. 19, 20, 21; 28, p. 14

FKT-012-03-B FKT-012 Black organic sandy 

loam 2 to 6 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 16; 9, 

pp. 33, 34, 35; 28, p. 

5

FKT-020-04-B FKT-020 Yellow brown coarse 

sandy loam 2 to 6 1/26/2015 5, p. 3; 8, p. 8; 9, pp. 51, 52, 53; 28, p. 7

FKT-021-05-B FKT-021

Organic coarse sandy 

loam and coarse sandy 

loam 

2 to 6 1/29/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 24; 9, 

pp. 54, 55, 56; 28, p. 

7

FKT-021-08-B FKT-021 Dark brown organic 

coarse sandy loam 2 to 6 1/29/2015

5, p. 8; 8, p. 25; 9, 

pp. 54, 55, 56; 28, p. 

16

FKT-022-03-B FKT-022 Dark brown topsoil, 

organic sandy loam 2 to 6 1/26/2015 5, p. 4; 8, p. 9; 9, pp. 57, 58, 59; 28, p. 8

FKT-026-02-B FKT-026

Dark greyish brown 

organic coarse sandy 

loam

2 to 6 1/30/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 26; 9, 

pp. 66, 67, 68; 28, p. 

8

FKT-034-02-B FKT-034 Black organic coarse 

sandy loam 2 to 6 1/30/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 31; 9, 

pp. 84, 85, 86; 28, p. 

9

Compared to Background Samples FKT-018-01-C and FKT-018-02-C

Collected from 6 to 12 Inches bgs

FKT-004-05-G FKT-004 Topsoil with some 

coal and ash 6 to 12 1/26/2015

5, p. 2; 8, p. 13; 9, 

pp. 10, 11, 12; 28, p. 

4

FKT-005-06-C FKT-005 Dark brown topsoil, 

organic sandy loam 6 to 12 1/26/2015

5, p. 6; 8, pp. 10, 11; 

9, pp. 13, 14, 15; 28, 

p. 14

FKT-006-03-C FKT-006 Dark brown topsoil, 

sandy loam 6 to 12 1/23/2015 5, p. 6; 8, p. 7; 9, pp. 16, 17, 18; 28, p. 14

FKT-007-04-C FKT-007 Variegated dark brown 

fill 6 to 12 1/23/2015 5, p. 7; 8, p. 7; 9, pp. 19, 20, 21; 28, p. 14

FKT-008-07-C FKT-008 Dark brown organic 

topsoil, fill 6 to 12 1/23/2015 5, p. 2; 8, p. 6; 9, pp. 22, 23, 24; 28, p. 5

FKT-009-01-C FKT-009 Dark brown coarse 

loamy sand 6 to 12 1/23/2015 5, p. 2; 8, p. 3; 9, pp. 25, 27, 29; 28, p. 5

FKT-010-02-C FKT-010 Very dark brown 

coarse sandy loam 6 to 12 1/28/2015

5, p. 5; 8, pp. 18, 19; 

9, pp. 30, 31, 32; 28, 

p. 10

FKT-010-01-C FKT-010

Very dark brown 

organic coarse sandy 

loam

6 to 12 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 19; 9, 

pp. 30, 31, 32; 28, p. 

5

FKT-014-08-C FKT-014 Black organic sandy 

loam 6 to 12 1/28/2015

5, p. 7; 8, p. 18; 9, 

pp. 39, 40, 41; 28, p. 

16

73 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 19: AOC A Soil Sample Description – January and February 2015

Sample ID Sample 

Location

Physical 

Characteristics

Depth 

(inches 

bgs)

Date 

Sampled References

FKT-015-05-C FKT-015

Brown coarse sandy 

loam and dark 

yellowish brown 

coarse sandy loam

6 to 12 1/29/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 21; 9, 

pp. 42, 43, 44; 28, p. 

7

FKT-016-09-C FKT-016

Black organic sandy 

loam and dark brown 

yellowish brown 

coarse sandy loam

6 to 12 1/29/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 22; 9, 

pp. 45, 46, 47; 28, p. 

7

FKT-021-07-C FKT-021 Dark brown organic 

coarse sandy loam 6 to 12 1/29/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 24; 9, 

pp. 54, 55, 56; 28, p. 

8

FKT-023-02-C FKT-023

Yellowish red coarse 

sandy loam and dark 

greyish brown coarse 

loamy sand

6 to 12 2/4/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 32; 9, 

pp. 60, 61, 62; 28, p. 

8

FKT-023-05-C FKT-023

Dark yellowish brown 

organic coarse sandy 

loam and dark 

yellowish brown 

coarse sandy loam

6 to 12 2/4/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 32; 9, 

pp. 60, 61, 62; 28, p. 

8

FKT-025-02-C FKT-025

Dark brown organic 

coarse sandy loam and 

brownish yellow 

coarse sandy loam 

6 to 12 1/30/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 28; 9, 

pp. 63, 64, 65; 28, p. 

8

FKT-027-02-C FKT-027 Dark brown organic 

sandy loam 6 to 12 1/30/2015

5, p. 8; 8, p. 29; 9, 

pp. 69, 70, 71; 28, p. 

17

FKT-032-01-C FKT-032 Black organic coarse 

sandy loam 6 to 12 1/29/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 25; 9, 

pp. 78, 79, 80; 28, p. 

8

FKT-032-04-C FKT-032 Variegated coarse 

sandy loam 6 to 12 1/29/2015

5, p. 4; 8, p. 25; 9, 

pp. 78, 79, 80; 28, p. 

9

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-D Collected from 12 to 24 Inches bgs

FKT-002-04-D FKT-002

Dark brown coarse 

sandy loam to sandy 

clay loam

12 to 24 1/26/2015 5, p. 6; 8, p. 14; 9, 

pp. 4, 5, 6; 28, p. 13

FKT-003-01-D FKT-003

Dark brown topsoil, 

coarse sandy loam 

and brown yellow 

coarse sandy loam

12 to 24 1/26/2015 5, p. 2; 8, pp. 10, 12; 

9, pp. 7, 8, 9; 28, p. 4

FKT-004-02-D FKT-004

Dark yellow brown 

coarse loamy sand and 

yellowish brown 

coarse loamy sand 

12 to 24 1/26/2015

5, p. 6; 8, p. 13; 9, 

pp. 10, 11, 12; 28, p. 

13

FKT-009-06-D FKT-009 Dark brown coarse 

sandy loam 12 to 24 1/23/2015

5, p. 2; 8, pp. 3, 4; 9, 

pp. 26, 28, 29; 28, p. 

5

74 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 19: AOC A Soil Sample Description – January and February 2015

Sample ID Sample 

Location

Physical 

Characteristics

Depth 

(inches 

bgs)

Date 

Sampled References

FKT-012-03-D FKT-012

Brown coarse sandy 

loam (12 to 16 inches 

bgs) and brown coarse 

sandy clay loam (16 to 

24 inches bgs)

12 to 24 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 16; 9, 

pp. 33, 34, 35; 28, p. 

5

FKT-013-03-D FKT-013

Dark yellow brown 

coarse sandy loam 

with fill

12 to 24 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 17; 9, 

pp. 36, 37, 38; 28, p. 

5

FKT-014-02-D FKT-014 Coarse sandy loam 

with some organics 12 to 18 1/28/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 18; 9, 

pp. 39, 40, 41; 28, p. 

6

FKT-015-03-D FKT-015

Yellowish red coarse 

sandy loam (12 to 14 

inches bgs) and dark 

yellowish brown 

sandy loam (14 to 24 

inches bgs)

12 to 24 1/29/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 21; 9, 

pp. 42, 43, 44; 28, p. 

6

FKT-016-06-D FKT-016 Dark yellowish brown 

coarse sandy loam 12 to 24 1/29/2015

5, p. 3; 8, p. 23; 9, 

pp. 45, 46, 47; 28, p. 

7

FKT-022-04-D FKT-022 Yellow brown sandy 

clay loam 12 to 24 1/26/2015 5, p. 8; 8, p. 9; 9, pp. 57, 58, 59; 28, p. 17

FKT-030-03-D FKT-030

Dark brown organic 

sandy loam containing 

fill

12 to 24 2/4/2015

5, p. 8; 8, p. 33; 9, 

pp. 75, 76, 77; 28, p. 

18

Notes:

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

AOC Area of observed contamination

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

E Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs; duplicate of A depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

F Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs; duplicate of B depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

G Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs; duplicate of C depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

ID Identification number

75 SE – Observed Release
Contaminated Concentrations – EPA January and February 2015 Removal Assessment

The soil samples listed in Table 20 were collected by EPA during the January and February 2015 removal 

assessment residential sampling event (Refs. 5, pp. i, 1 through 8; 28, pp. 4 through 18). All samples in 

Table 20 meet the criteria for observed contamination in accordance with Reference 1, Section 5.01, 

General Consideration and Table 2-3. Background levels used in Table 20 are provided according to 

depth (for more information on how background levels were established, see section 5.0.1 General 

Considerations − Background Levels, of this HRS documentation record). All soil samples were 

analyzed by the EPA Region 2 Laboratory for TAL metals using EPA Method 200.7 (Refs. 5, p. 10; 40, 

p. 3). The EPA Region 2 laboratory reviewed the data in accordance with SOP G-26, Revision 1.3 (Refs. 

31; 41, pp. 5 to 11). The data review checklists are provided in Reference 52. The RLs are listed on the 

analytical data sheets in Reference 5, pp. 13, 15, 17, 20, 23, 26, 35, 37, 38, 40, 43, 45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 55, 

65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 73, 74, 75, 78, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 103, 134, 139, 144, 153, 163, 172, 187, 190, 

200, 201, and 207. Each RL is sample-specific and corresponds to the lowest demonstrated level of 

acceptable quantitation; it is adjusted for preparation weights and volumes, and any dilutions performed. 

The RLs are equivalent to SQLs as defined in HRS Section 1.1, Definitions (Refs. 1, p. 51586; 31). 

TABLE 20: Analytical Results for AOC A Soil Samples – January and February 2015

Sample ID Hazardous 

Substance

Concentration 

(mg/kg) RL (mg/kg) References

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-A Collected from 0 to 2 Inches bgs

(Arsenic, 6.4 mg/kg and Lead, 57 mg/kg) (Ref. 5, pp. 56)

FKT-003-02-A Lead 210 0.76 5, p. 139

FKT-005-06-A Lead 1,300 0.76 5, p. 23

FKT-006-02-A Lead 1,400 0.76 5, p. 26

FKT-020-01-A Lead 500 0.75 5, p. 65

FKT-028-05-A Arsenic 24 0.81 5, p. 83

FKT-028-02-A Lead 290 0.79 5, p. 82

FKT-030-04-A Lead 1,800 0.87 5, p. 84

FKT-027-02-E Lead 210 0.76 5, p. 201

FKT-033-04-E Lead 530 0.71 5, p. 89

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-B Collected from 2 to 6 Inches bgs

(Arsenic, 5.7 mg/kg and Lead, 47 mg/kg) (Ref. 5, p. 57)

FKT-001-07-B Arsenic 81 0.78 5, p. 13

FKT-001-04-B Lead 1,100 0.78 5, p. 93

FKT-002-04-B Lead 270 0.74 5, p. 15

FKT-012-03-B Lead 750 0.70 5, p. 43

FKT-020-04-B Arsenic 67 0.71 5, p. 66

FKT-021-05-B Arsenic 100 0.77 5, p. 68

FKT-021-08-B Lead 440 0.72 5, p. 187

FKT-022-03-B Lead 1,300 0.74 5, p. 70

FKT-026-02-B Arsenic 75 0.71 5, p. 78

FKT-034-02-B Lead 910 0.74 5, p. 90

FKT-007-03-F Arsenic 1,000 0.82 5, p. 160

76 SE – Observed Release
TABLE 20: Analytical Results for AOC A Soil Samples – January and February 2015

Sample ID Hazardous 

Substance

Concentration 

(mg/kg) RL (mg/kg) References

Compared to Background Samples FKT-018-01-C and FKT-018-02-C

Collected from 6 to 12 Inches bgs (Arsenic, 3.1 mg/kg and Lead, 19 mg/kg) (Ref. 5, pp. 58, 63)

FKT-005-06-C Arsenic 100 0.79 5, p. 150

FKT-006-03-C Arsenic 300 0.69 5, p. 153

FKT-007-04-C Lead 2,000 0.72 5, p. 163

FKT-008-07-C Arsenic 69 0.73 5, p. 35

FKT-008-07-C Lead 1,300 0.73 5, p. 35

FKT-009-01-C Lead 380 0.68 5, p. 37

FKT-010-02-C Arsenic 44 0.83 5, p. 103

FKT-010-01-C Lead 2,500 0.72 5, p. 40

FKT-014-08-C Lead 250 0.68 5, p. 172

FKT-015-05-C Arsenic 32 0.77 5, p. 52

FKT-016-09-C Lead 340 0.72 5, p. 55

FKT-021-07-C Lead 440 0.73 5, p. 69

FKT-023-02-C Arsenic 65 0.66 5, p. 73

FKT-023-05-C Lead 310 0.71 5, p. 74

FKT-025-02-C Arsenic 35 0.68 5, p. 75

FKT-027-02-C Arsenic 35 0.70 5, p. 200

FKT-032-01-C Arsenic 12 0.68 5, p. 86

FKT-032-04-C Lead 1,700 0.69 5, p. 87

FKT-004-05-G Arsenic 64 0.71 5, p. 20

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-D Collected from 12 to 24 Inches bgs

(Arsenic 3.3 mg/kg and Lead, 8.7 mg/kg) (Ref. 5, p. 59).

FKT-002-04-D Arsenic 61 0.76 5, p. 134

FKT-003-01-D Arsenic 37 0.64 5, p. 17

FKT-004-02-D Lead 260 0.70 5, p. 144

FKT-009-06-D Arsenic 28 0.70 5, p. 38

FKT-012-03-D Arsenic 27 0.70 5, p. 44

FKT-013-03-D Arsenic 29 0.74 5, p. 45

FKT-013-03-D Lead 920 0.74 5, p. 45

FKT-014-02-D Arsenic 18 0.73 5, p. 47

FKT-015-03-D Lead 680 0.71 5, p. 50

FKT-016-06-D Arsenic 110 0.68 5, p. 54

FKT-022-04-D Arsenic 120 0.68 5, p. 190

FKT-030-03-D Arsenic 23 0.72 5, p. 207

Notes:

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2) 

AOC Area of observed contamination

77 SE – Observed Release
Table 20 – Notes Continued:

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

E Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs; duplicate of A depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

F Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs; duplicate of B depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

G Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs; duplicate of C depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

ID Identification number

mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram

RL Reporting limit

78 SE – Observed Release
Attribution

The Former Kil-Tone Company (Kil-Tone) began operations at the property in late 1910s manufacturing 

the pesticide arsenate of lead (Ref. 12, p. 2). Lead arsenate is a pentavalent form of inorganic arsenic, 

which exists naturally as white crystals with no discernible odor, and contains about 22 percent arsenic 

and is slightly soluble in cold water (Ref. 32, p. 1). However, based on the Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps 

dated 1919 and 1925, buildings previously located on the property included an acid plant, a tank room, an 

engine room, and a manufacturing building for grinding, mixing, pressing, and storage of pesticides 

(Refs. 12, pp. 2, 3; 16, pp. 7, 8). A laboratory was constructed around 1919 on the southwestern corner of 

the property (Ref. 16, p. 8). In August 1988, the EPA banned all insecticidal uses of lead arsenate (Ref. 

33, p. 2). 

Information obtained from the Vineland Chamber of Commerce and the New Jersey Experiment Stations 

that date between 1917 and 1926 indicate that specific products manufactured by Kil-Tone included 

Green Cross Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead, Green Cross Standard Arsenate of Lead (paste), Green 

Cross Sulpho-arsenate Powder, Green Cross Sulphur and Arsenate of Lead Mixture, Modified Kil-Tone, 

Improved Kil-Tone, Fruit Kil-Tone, Bordeaux Mixture, Dry Powdered Arsenite of Zinc, and Beetle Mort 

(Refs. 17, pp. 1, 2; 34, pp. 9, 13, 14; 35, pp. 9, 19, 20; 36, pp. 10, 17, 18; 37, pp. 10, 13, 19, 20; 38, pp. 

26-(106), 26-(154)). Based on the timeframe during which FKT operated, these products were regulated 

under the Insecticide Act of 1910 (Ref. 69, p. 1; 70, p. 126).

Early pesticide control laws were aimed at protecting consumers against ineffective products and 

deceptive labeling (Ref. 69, p. 2). From 1929 to 1932, the USDA issued Notices of Judgment under the 

Insecticide Act against the Lucas Kil-Tone Co. of Vineland, New Jersey for the adulteration and 

misbranding of various products including Beetle Mort, Green Cross Nico-Tone, Paris Green and Bordo 

Lead Arsenate (Refs. 57, pp. 125, 126, 127, 133, 134; 70, p. 66, 67, 69, 70; 71, p. 88). Arsenic in watersoluble form, expressed as metallic, was present at higher concentrations than declared on the labels 

(Refs. 57, pp. 125, 127, 133; 70, p. 70; 71, p. 88). In some cases, the products were misbranded because 

they contained ingredients that were not declared (for example calcium arsenate) on the label (Ref. 57, p. 

127). The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for arsenic indicates that arsenic is expected to accumulate in 

soil in areas where it was used in agriculture (Ref. 76, pp. 324, 363). Any pesticide in AOC A that was 

created in violation of the pesticide control laws or used in any way other than the labeled use would be a 

CERCLA hazardous substance.

In August 2014, NJDEP collected surface soil samples from AOC A, which is comprised of contaminated 

soil on the FKP property, as well residential and commercial properties located about 1 block north, 

south, and east of the FKT property (Ref. 12, pp. 32, 33, 38 through 42). Analytical results of the AOC A 

samples indicated the presence of arsenic (up to 3,000 mg/kg in sample USC-SUB-9A) and lead (up to 

3,100 mg/kg in USC-SUB-9A) above background levels (Refs. 24, pp. 16, 49, 152; 51, pp. 3, 13, 38). 

Sample USC-SUB-9A was collected in the northwestern portion of the FKT property (Ref. 12, pp. 10, 

38). Based on the Sanborn maps of the FKT property, the former rail spurs entered the FKT property in 

the northwestern corner (Ref. 16, pp. 5, 6, 7, 8). 

EPA collected surface soil samples from AOC A in January and February 2015 (Ref. 9, p. i). The AOC 

A samples contained arsenic and lead above background levels (see also Tables 18 and 20 of this HRS 

documentation record). The highest concentration of arsenic (1,000 mg/kg) was detected in the 2- to 6-

inch interval on a property located about 190 feet northwest of the FKT property (Refs. 5, p. 160; 9, pp. 

19 to 21). The highest concentration of lead (2,500 mg/kg) was detected in the 6- to 12-inch interval on a 

property located about 380 feet northwest of the FKT property (Refs. 5, p. 40; 9, pp. 30 to 33) (see also 

Figure 5 of this HRS documentation record).

Information regarding actual operational activities at Kil-Tone is limited; therefore, information regarding 

modes of deposition and waste disposal is limited. In a 1989 affidavit, a resident confirmed that while 

Kil-Tone was in operation, a green and white dust typically coated the ground and rooftops, as well as 

79 SE – Observed Release
along the shore of Tarkiln Branch, near the FKT property (Ref. 21, pp. 1, 2). Kil-Tone manufactured 

arsenate of lead (lead arsenate), which is a powdered insecticide (Refs. 34, p. 9; 35, p. 9). 

In June 2015, EPA ERT initiated a high resolution characterization study using CPT/XRF to determine 

the horizontal and vertical extent of arsenic and lead contamination in soil on the FKT property (Ref. 67, 

pp. 2, 3, 5). XRF screening results using the CPT/XRF equipment during the characterization study 

indicated arsenic concentrations as high as 47,000 ppm and lead concentrations as high as 119,280 ppm in 

the soils near the former rail spur (Ref. 67, pp. 2, 3, 5). According to the Sanborn Fire Insurance maps of 

1919, 1925, 1949, and 1968, there were rail spurs on the north and west sides of the FKT property (Ref. 

16, p. 5, 6, 7, 8). Also, field XRF of soil borings collected near the location of the former grinding house 

recorded concentrations of both arsenic and lead at 100 percent (Ref. 67, p. 2). The 1919 and 1925 

Sanborn maps depict the grinding room (house) in the southern portion of the property along E. Chestnut 

Avenue (Ref.; 16, pp. 7, 8). In addition, product was observed in a soil sample at 18 to 24 inches bgs 

(Ref. 67, p. 8). During the NJDEP 2014 and the EPA 2015 sampling events, fill material similar to that 

observed on the FKT property, also was observed while collecting soil samples on the residential and 

commercial properties (Refs. 8, pp. 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 31, 32, 33; 23, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4; 

51, pp. 5, 6, 8).

To attribute arsenic and lead contamination to AOC A, concentrations of arsenic and lead in soil samples 

collected from un-impacted areas (two local parks and a cemetery) and soil samples collected within 

AOC A with low arsenic and lead concentrations were evaluated (Ref. 9, pp. 48, 49, 50). The background 

evaluation established background levels and identified samples that were adequate for comparison to 

contaminated samples collected within AOC A (see section 5.0.1 General Considerations − Background 

Levels, of this HRS documentation record). It was determined that arsenic and lead concentrations in soil 

samples collected from Landis Park (FKT-018), located about 1 mile north of the FKT property, are 

adequate to represent background levels (Refs. 3; 5, pp. 56 through 59, 63; 9, pp. 48 through 50; 28, p. 7) 

(also see Figure 3 of this HRS documentation record). The background levels for arsenic range from 3.1 

mg/kg to 6.4 mg/kg and the background levels for lead ranged from 8.3 to 57 mg/kg (Refs. 5, pp. 56, 57, 

58, 59, 63; 9, pp. i, 48, 49, 50). Using the established background levels, about 32 commercial and 

residential properties were found to be contaminated and comprise AOC A (see Figure 5 of this HRS 

documentation record). 

Soil within AOC A likely became contaminated because of the use of fill material, surface water runoff, 

and air deposition (see Refs. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33; 21, pp. 1, 

2; 23, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4 (see also Section 4.1.2.1.1 Observed Release − Direct Observation, of this HRS 

documentation record). During sampling activities, fill material was observed on the FKT property and 

several residential properties within AOC A (Refs. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 

27, 29, 31, 33, 34; 23, pp. 1, 2, 3, 4). The fill material was mixed with the soil, which was primarily 

course sandy loams (Ref. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33). Fill 

material is not continuous throughout individual properties or on all properties that comprise AOC A 

(Ref. 8, pp. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33). Arsenic and lead have been 

detected at varying concentrations in soil samples collected from AOC A (Ref. 5, pp. 12 through 210). 

This inconsistent nature of arsenic and lead contamination in the soils of AOC A is characteristic for 

deposition by wind-blown particulates (Ref. 76, pp. 3, 15, 313). Additionally, EPA conducted isotope 

analysis on isotopes of copper found in on-site surface water and off-site surrounding residentialsoil, 

Tarkiln Branch sediment, and Tarkiln and Parvin confluence sediment samples. The results of this 

analysis indicate that the copper in these samples originated from the FKT property (Ref. 83).

Kil-Tone began operations at the property in the late 1910s manufacturing the pesticide arsenate of lead 

(Ref. 12, p. 2). Lead arsenate is a pentavalent form of inorganic arsenic (Ref. 32, p. 1). In a 1989 

affidavit, a resident confirmed that while Kil-Tone was in operation, a green and white dust typically 

coated the ground and rooftops, as well as along the shore of Tarkiln Branch, near the FKT property (Ref. 

21, pp. 1, 2). 

80 SE – Observed Release
Potential off-site sources of contamination in the Vineland area that were evaluated for attribution 

purposes include the Lerco Fuel Company (Lerco), Vineland Chemical Company, and Iceland Coin and 

Laundry (Refs. 3; 25, p. 1; 42, pp. i, 7, 14; 68).

Lerco is a former fuel distribution facility located at 520 East Chestnut Avenue about 75 feet north of the 

FKT property (Refs. 12, pp. 4, 16, 17; 19, pp. 14, 15; 25, p. 1). Initial environmental investigations 

regarding petroleum releases and removal of an underground storage tank at the Lerco property began in 

1989 (Ref. 25, p. 1). Since then, Lerco has conducted several investigations to remediate petroleumrelated contamination related to the petroleum releases (Refs. 25, pp. 1, 3, 17 to 29). In addition to 

petroleum-related contaminants, arsenic and lead have been detected in soil and ground water samples at 

the Lerco property (Refs. 19, pp. 14, 15, 17 through 20; 25, pp. 20 to 29). Arsenic was detected up to 

1,940 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) and lead was detected up to 3,280 mg/kg is soil samples collected 

within 2 feet of the ground surface (Ref. 19, p. 14). The highest concentrations of arsenic and lead in soil 

and ground water samples were as follows: arsenic, up to 20,500 parts mg/kg in soil and up to 33,000 

micrograms per liter (μg/L) in ground water; and lead, up to 28,700 mg/kg in soil and up to 630 μg/L in 

ground water (Ref. 19, pp. 14, 15, 18, 19). Based on the results of samples collected at Lerco, high 

concentrations of arsenic have been detected in conjunction with high lead concentrations (Ref. 19, pp. 

14, 15). The presence of arsenic in conjunction with lead indicates that it is likely that some portion of 

the lead contamination may not be petroleum related.

Vineland Chemical Company, located about 2.7 miles northwest of the FKT property, and Iceland Coin 

Laundry, located about 1.65 miles southwest of the FKT property are NPL sites located in Vineland, New 

Jersey (Ref. 42, pp. i, 7, 14). Vineland Chemical Company manufactured arsenic-based herbicides from 

about 1950 to 1994 (Ref. 11, p. 1). The contaminant of concern is arsenic and the media impacted include 

ground water, sediment, and on-site soils (Refs. 11, p. 1; 42, p. 5). Cleanup of the Vineland Chemical 

Company NPL site is underway (Refs. 11, pp. 2, 3; 42, p. 3). Vineland Chemical is located about 2.7 

miles northwest of the FKT property (Ref. 42, p. 7). During the EPA January and February 2015 removal 

assessment, EPA collected background samples from two locations (Vineland Cemetery [FKT-036] and 

Landis Park [FKT-018]) between Vineland Chemical Company and the FKT property (Ref. 9, pp. 48, 49, 

50, 87, 88, 89) (see Figure 3 of this HRS documentation record). Because of their locations and arsenic 

and lead concentrations, the background sampling locations are not likely impacted by past operation at 

Vineland Chemical Company and represent background levels for the FKT property (Ref. 5, pp. 56 

through 63 and 114 through 121).

Iceland Coin Laundry is a ground water plume that is contaminated with mercury and volatile organic 

compounds (VOCs) including tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloroethene (Refs. 7, p. 

1; 42, pp. i, 12). Lead and arsenic, which were detected in AOC A, are not contaminants of concern for 

the Iceland Coin Laundry NPL site (Ref. 42, p. 12). Iceland Coil and Laundry is located about 1.65 miles 

southwest of the FKT property (Ref. 42, p. 7). 

Bob’s Transmission, located at 611 S. East Boulevard, and a former gasoline station, located at 511 Paul 

Street, may be potential sources of contamination in the vicinity of Source No. 1. Bob’s Transmission or 

the address of 611 S East Boulevard is not listed in any EPA or New Jersey regulatory databases (Ref. 86, 

pp. 1 through 23). Also, samples were not collected from this property in 2014 or 2015 (Ref. 9, p. ii; 12, 

pp. through 17). The 511 Paul Street property is listed in the EPA Resources Conservation and Recovery 

Act and Air Facility System, and in the New Jersey Environmental Management System (Refs. 86, p. 2; 

87). The address is listed as Agway, Inc. Energy Products Vineland Bulk Plant (Ref. 86, p. 2; 87). 

Agway is listed as a petroleum products wholesaler, except for bulk stations and terminals; and as a fuel 

oil dealer (Ref. 87). Information regarding environmental investigations at Agway were not available at 

the time of this HRS documentation record; however, it appears that New Jersey led remedial and cleanup 

activities have been conducted at this property (Ref. 87). Currently, the property appears to be vacant 

(see Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). Samples collected from the 511 Paul Street property in 

2014 contained arsenic at concentrations that ranged from 1.6 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg and lead at 

concentrations that ranged from 3.9 mg/kg to 190 mg/kg (Ref. 12, pp. 13, 14; 24, pp. 121 to 144). These 

concentrations are lower than arsenic (up to 3,000 mg/kg) and lead (up to 3,100 mg/kg) concentrations 

81 SE – Observed Release
detected at the Former Kil-Tone property in 2014 (Ref. 12, pp. 11, 12; 24, pp. 11 through 18, 22 through 

51). 

The hazardous substances listed below (arsenic and lead) have been detected in shallow soils (less than 2 

feet bgs) on residential and commercial properties that comprise AOC A, indicating the likelihood of 

exposure to resident population at residences or work places that reside at the residences property (see 

also Tables 17, 18, and 20 for AOC A in Section 5.0.1 of this HRS documentation record). 

Hazardous Substances in the Release

Arsenic

Lead

82 SE – Observed Release
5.1 RESIDENT POPULATION THREAT

5.1.1 LIKELIHOOD OF EXPOSURE

Table 21 lists shallow (less than 2 feet bgs) soil samples collected in January and February 2015 from 

residential properties located within AOC A (Refs. 5, pp. 1 through 9; 9, pp. 1 through 47, 51, 52, 54 

through 87). All residential soil samples listed in Table 21 are part of AOC A; therefore the distance of 

the population at each residence from the area of observed contamination is 0 feet (Ref. 9, pp. 2, 5, 8, 11, 

14, 17, 20, 23, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, 52, 55, 58, 61, 64, 67, 70, 73, 76, 79, 82, 85) (see also Figure 

2 of this HRS documentation record). 

Table 21: Likelihood of Exposure 

Sample Number Date Sampled Number of Resident 

Targets References

FKT-001-07-B 1/26/2015

9 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 1, 2, 3

FKT-001-04-B 1/26/2015 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 1, 2, 3

FKT-003-01-D 1/26/2015 1 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 7, 8, 9

FKT-003-02-A 1/26/2015 5, p. 6; 9, pp. 7, 8, 9

FKT-004-05-G 1/26/2015

5 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 10, 11, 12

FKT-004-02-D 1/26/2015 5, p. 6; 9, pp. 10, 11, 12

FKT-005-06-C 1/26/2015

5 5, p. 6; 9, pp. 13, 14, 15

FKT-005-06-A 1/26/2015 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 13, 14, 15

FKT-006-03-C 1/23/2015

3 5, p. 6; 9, pp. 16, 17, 18

FKT-006-02-A 1/23/2015 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 16, 17, 18

FKT-007-03-F 1/23/2015

1 5, p. 7; 9, pp. 19, 20, 21

FKT-007-04-C 1/23/2015 5, p. 7; 9, pp. 19, 20, 21

FKT-008-07-C 1/23/2015 8 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 22, 23, 24

FKT-009-06-D 1/23/2015

5 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 26, 28, 29

FKT-009-01-C 1/23/2015 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 25, 27, 29

FKT-010-02-C 1/28/2015 2 5, p. 5; 9, pp. 30, 31, 32

FKT-010-01-C 1/28/2015 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 30, 31, 32

FKT-012-03-D 1/28/2015

5 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 33, 34, 35

FKT-012-03-B 1/28/2015 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 33, 34, 35

FKT-013-03-D 1/28/2015 4 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 36, 37, 38

FKT-014-02-D 1/28/2015

2 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 39, 40, 41

FKT-014-08-C 1/28/2015 5, p. 7; 9, pp. 39, 40, 41

FKT-015-05-C 1/29/2015

5 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 42, 43, 44

FKT-015-03-D 1/29/2015 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 42, 43, 44

FKT-016-06-D 1/29/2015

20 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 45, 46, 47

FKT-016-09-C 1/29/2015 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 45, 46, 47

FKT-020-04-B 1/26/2015

2 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 51, 52, 53

FKT-020-01-A 1/26/2015 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 51, 52, 53

FKT-021-05-B 1/29/2015

7

5, p. 3; 9, pp. 54, 55, 56

FKT-021-07-C 1/29/2015 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 54, 55, 56

FKT-021-08-B 1/29/2015 5, p. 8; 9, pp. 54, 55, 56

83 SE – Resident Population Threat
Table 21: Likelihood of Exposure 

Sample Number Date Sampled Number of Resident 

Targets References

FKT-022-04-D 1/26/2015

9 5, p. 8; 9, pp. 57, 58, 59

FKT-022-03-B 1/26/2015 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 57, 58, 59

FKT-023-02-C 2/4/2015

3 5, p. 4; 9, p. 60, 61, 62

FKT-023-05-C 2/4/2015 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 60, 61, 62

FKT-025-02-C 1/30/2015 4 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 63, 64, 65

FKT-026-02-B 1/30/2015 2.861 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 66, 67, 68; 30

FKT-027-02-C 1/30/2015 2.861 5, p. 8; 9, pp. 69, 70, 71; 30

FKT-027-02-E 1/30/2015 5, p. 8; 9, pp. 69, 70, 71; 30

FKT-028-05-A 1/30/2015

2.861 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 72, 73, 74; 30

FKT-028-02-A 1/30/2015 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 72, 73, 74; 30

FKT-030-03-D 2/4/2015

6 5, p. 8; 9, pp. 75, 76, 77

FKT-030-04-A 2/4/2015 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 75, 76, 77

FKT-033-04-E 1/29/2015 4 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 81, 82, 83

FKT-034-02-B 1/30/2015 7 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 84, 85, 86

Notes:

1

 Population is the Cumberland County, New Jersey persons per household factor value from the U. S. Census Bureau

(2009 to 2013) (Ref. 30) 

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

E Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs; duplicate of A depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

F Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs; duplicate of B depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

G Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs; duplicate of C depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

Resident Population Threat Likelihood of Exposure Factor Category Value: 550

(Ref. 1, Section 5.1.1)

84 SE – Resident Population Threat
5.1.2 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

5.1.2.1 Toxicity

The toxicity values for the hazardous substances detected in the area of observed contamination samples 

are summarized in Table 22. 

TABLE 22: Soil Exposure Toxicity

Hazardous

Substance

Toxicity Factor

Value Reference

Arsenic 10,000 2, p. BI-1

Lead 10,000 2, p. BI-7

For the soil exposure resident threat, arsenic and lead have the highest toxicity factor value of 10,000 

(Ref. 2, pp. BI-1, BI-7).

Toxicity Factor Value: 10,000

(Ref. 1, Section 5.1.2.1)

5.1.2.2 Hazardous Waste Quantity

TABLE 23: Hazardous Waste Quantity

Area of Observed 

Contamination Letter Type Area Hazardous Waste Quantity

A Contaminated Soil 3.88

The hazardous constituent quantity for AOC A is not adequately determined. AOC A is comprised of 

contaminated soil on about 32 residential and commercial properties that contain elevated concentrations 

of arsenic and lead (see Tables 18 and 20 of this HRS documentation record). The approximate area of 

observed contamination, excluding impervious surfaces, on each property was determined and the area of 

all properties was summed to obtain the source HWQ for AOC A (Ref. 55). The combined HWQ for 

AOC A is about 51,827 square feet. Per HRS Section 2.4.2.2, for the soil exposure pathway, the HWQ 

factor value is the higher of either the value from HRS Table 2-6 or 10.

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 10

(Ref. 1, Section 2.4.2.2)

5.1.2.3 Calculation of Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value

For the waste characteristics, both arsenic and lead have the highest toxicity factor value of 10,000 (Ref. 

2, pp. BI-1, BI-7). The waste characteristics factor category was obtained by multiplying the toxicity and 

HWQ factor values. Based on this product, a value was assigned in accordance with Reference 1, Table 

2-7.

Toxicity Factor Value (see Table 22 of this HRS documentation record): 10,000

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 10

Toxicity Factor Value × 

Hazardous Waste Quantity Factor Value: 1 x 105

Waste Characteristics Factor Category Value: 18

(Ref. 1, Table 2-7)

85 SE – Resident Population Threat
5.1.3 RESIDENT POPULATION THREAT TARGETS

The soil samples listed in Table 24 were collected during the EPA January and February 2015 removal assessment residential sampling event (Refs. 5, pp. 1 to 9; 

9, pp. 1 to 47, 51, 52, 54 to 87) (see also Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). Properties included in AOC A that were vacant at the time of sampling were 

not evaluated as Level I targets (Ref. 9, pp. 4, 78). 

Level I Concentrations

During the EPA January and February 2015 removal assessment residential sampling event, soil samples were collected from residential properties located north, 

east, and southeast of the FKT property (Ref. 9, pp. 1 to 47, 51, 52, 54 to 87) (see also Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). The soil samples were 

collected from multiple stations across each property and at multiple depth intervals including 0 to 2 inches bgs, 2 to 6 inches bgs, 6 to 12 inches bgs, and 12 to 24 

inches bgs (Ref. 15, pp. 3, 4, 5). Sample analysis and data review were conducted by the EPA Region 2 Laboratory (Refs. 5, pp. i, 1; 28, p. i).

TABLE 24: AOC A Level I Concentrations

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance Concentration Background Level

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark References

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-A Collected from 0 to 2 Inches bgs

FKT-028-05-A Arsenic 24 mg/kg 6.4 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC2 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 56, 83

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-B Collected from 2 to 6 Inches bgs

FKT-001-07-B Arsenic 81 mg/kg1 5.7 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 13, 57

FKT-020-04-B Arsenic 67 mg/kg1 5.7 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 57, 66

FKT-021-05-B Arsenic 100 mg/kg1 5.7 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 57, 68

FKT-026-02-B Arsenic 75 mg/kg1 5.7 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 57, 78

FKT-007-03-F Arsenic 1,000 mg/kg1 5.7 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 57, 160

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-C and FKT-018-02-C Collected from 6 to 12 Inches bgs

FKT-005-06-C Arsenic 100 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 58, 63, 150

FKT-006-03-C Arsenic 300 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 58, 63, 153

FKT-008-07-C Arsenic 69 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 35, 58, 63

FKT-010-02-C Arsenic 44 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 58, 63, 103

FKT-015-05-C Arsenic 32 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 52, 58, 63

FKT-023-02-C Arsenic 65 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 58, 63, 73

FKT-025-02-C Arsenic 35 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 58, 63, 75

FKT-027-02-C Arsenic 35 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 58, 63, 200

FKT-004-05-G Arsenic 64 mg/kg1 3.1 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 20, 58, 63

86 SE – Resident Population Threat
TABLE 24: AOC A Level I Concentrations

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance Concentration Background Level

Benchmark 

Concentration Benchmark References

Compared to Background Sample FKT-018-01-D Collected from 12 to 24 Inches bgs

FKT-003-01-D Arsenic 37 mg/kg1 3.3 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 17, 59

FKT-009-06-D Arsenic 28 mg/kg 3.3 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 38, 59

FKT-012-03-D Arsenic 27 mg/kg 3.3 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 44, 59

FKT-013-03-D Arsenic 29 mg/kg 3.3 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 45, 59

FKT-014-02-D Arsenic 18 mg/kg 3.3 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 47, 59

FKT-016-06-D Arsenic 110 mg/kg1 3.3 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 54, 59

FKT-022-04-D Arsenic 120 mg/kg1 3.3 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 59, 190

FKT-030-03-D Arsenic 23 mg/kg 3.3 mg/kg 0.71 mg/kg CRSC 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 59, 207

Notes:

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project 1 These concentrations also exceed the reference dose HRS benchmark of 30 mg/kg (Ref. 2, p. BII-14 2

 Cancer risk screening concentration (Ref. 2, p. BII-14).

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

AOC Area of observed contamination

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

bgs Below ground surface

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

CRSC Cancer Risk Screening Concentration

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

F Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs; duplicate of B depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

G Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs; duplicate of C depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

ID Identification number

mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram

87 SE – Resident Population Threat
5.1.3.1 Resident Individual

Area of Observed Contamination Letter: A

Level of Contamination (Level I/Level II): I

About 116.49 residents on 32 residential and commercial properties meet the criteria for resident individual; 116.49 

residents are evaluated as actual contamination targets at Level I and II concentrations. All residential soil samples 

listed in Table 25 are part of AOC A; therefore the residents at these properties are evaluated as resident individuals 

(Refs. 1, p. 9, pp. 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, 52, 55, 58, 61, 64, 67, 70, 73, 76, 79, 82, 

85) (see Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). The closest resident individuals to the FKT property are 

located at FKT-001, FKT-020, and FKT-022 (Ref. 9, pp. 2, 3, 51, 52, 57, 58).

References: 1, p. 51647; 2, p. BII-14; 5, pp. 13, 17, 20, 35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 52, 54, 66, 68, 73, 75, 78, 83, 103, 150, 

153, 160, 190, 200). 

Resident Individual Factor Value: 50

(Ref. 1, Section 5.1.3.1)

5.1.3.2 Resident Population

The soil samples listed in Table 25 were collected during the EPA January and February 2015 removal assessment 

residential sampling event. The shallow soil samples were collected within 24 inches (2 feet) of the ground surface 

(Ref. 15, pp. 3, 4, 5). The population at the residences were obtained by EPA while conducting site access 

interviews with residents and verified during sampling activities if the residents were available (Refs. 9, p. 1; 56, p. 

1). If the resident was not available, the U.S. Census Bureau persons per household factor value of 2.86 for 

Cumberland County, New Jersey was used (Ref. 30, p. 1). Properties included in AOC A that were vacant at the 

time of sampling were not evaluated as Level I targets (Ref. 9, pp. 4, 78).

5.1.3.2.1 Level I Population

TABLE 25: Level I Resident Population Targets

Area of 

Observed 

Contamination 

Letter

Sample 

Number

Number of 

Residences

Total Number of 

Residents References

AOC A FKT-001-07-B 1 9 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 1, 2

AOC A FKT-003-01-D 1 1 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 7, 8

AOC A FKT-004-05-G 1 5 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 10, 11

AOC A FKT-005-06-C 1 5 5, p. 6; 9, pp. 13, 14

AOC A FKT-006-03-C 1 3 5, p. 6; 9, pp. 16, 17

AOC A FKT-007-03-F 1 1 5, p. 7; 9, pp. 19, 20

AOC A FKT-008-07-C 2 8 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 22, 23

AOC A FKT-009-06-D 1 5 5, p. 2; 9, pp. 26, 28

AOC A FKT-010-02-C 1 2 5, p. 5; 9, pp. 30, 31

AOC A FKT-012-03-D 1 5 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 33, 34

AOC A FKT-013-03-D 1 4 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 36, 37

AOC A FKT-014-02-D 1 2 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 39, 40

AOC A FKT-015-05-C 1 5 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 42, 43

AOC A FKT-016-06-D 3 20 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 45, 46

AOC A FKT-020-04-B 1 2 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 51, 52

AOC A FKT-021-05-B 2 7 5, p. 3; 9, pp. 54, 55

AOC A FKT-022-04-D 2 9 5, p. 8; 9, pp. 57, 58

88 SE – Resident Population Threat
TABLE 25: Level I Resident Population Targets

Area of 

Observed 

Contamination 

Letter

Sample 

Number

Number of 

Residences

Total Number of 

Residents References

AOC A FKT-023-02-C 1 3 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 60, 61

AOC A FKT-025-02-C 1 4 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 63, 64

AOC A FKT-026-02-B 1 2.861 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 66, 67; 30, p. 1

AOC A FKT-027-02-C 1 2.861 5, p. 8; 9, pp. 69, 70; 30, p. 1

AOC A FKT-028-05-A 1 2.861 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 72, 73; 30, p. 1

AOC A FKT-030-03-D 2 6 5, p. 8; 9, pp. 75, 76, 77

Notes:

1

 Population is the Cumberland County, New Jersey persons per household factor value from the U. S. Census Bureau 2009 to 2013 

(Ref. 30, p. 1) 

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

A Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

C Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

D Depth of 12 to 24 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 2)

F Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs; duplicate of B depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

G Depth of 6 to 12 inches bgs; duplicate of C depth interval (Ref. 9, p. 2)

Sum of individuals subject to Level I concentrations: 114.58 

Sum of individuals subject to Level I concentrations × 10: 1,145.80 

Level I Concentrations Factor Value: 1,145.80 

(Ref. 1, Section 5.1.3.2.1)

89 SE – Resident Population Threat
5.1.3.2.2 Level II Concentrations

The soil samples listed in Table 26 were collected during the EPA January and February 2015 removal 

assessment sampling event (Refs. 5, p. 4; 9, pp. 81, 82, 84, 85) (see also Figure 2 of this HRS 

documentation record). Properties included in AOC A that were vacant at the time of sampling were not 

evaluated as Level II targets (Ref. 9, pp. 4, 78). 

Level II Concentrations

The soil samples listed in Table 26 were collected from residential properties during the NJDEP August 

2014 SI and the EPA January and February 2015 removal assessment (Ref. 9, pp. 81, 82, 84, 85) (see also 

Figure 2 of this HRS documentation record). The soil samples were collected from multiple stations 

across each property and at multiple depth intervals including 0 to 2 inches bgs and 2 to 6 inches bgs

(Ref. 15, pp. 3, 4, 5). Sample analysis and data review were conducted by the EPA Region 2 Laboratory 

(Refs. 5, pp. i, 1, 89, 90; 28, p. i).

TABLE 26: AOC A Level II Concentrations

Sample ID

Hazardous 

Substance

Hazardous 

Substance 

Concentration

Background

Sample

Background 

Concentration Benchmark References

FKT-033-04-E Lead 530 mg/kg FKT-018-1-A 57 mg/kg NE

2, p. BII-21; 

5, pp. 56, 89; 

9, pp. 81, 82

FKT-034-02-B Lead 910 mg/kg FKT-018-01-B 47 mg/kg NE

2, p. BII-21; 

5, pp. 57, 90; 

9, pp. 84, 85

Notes:

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

AOC Area of observed contamination

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 82)

E Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs (Ref. 9, p. 85)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

mg/kg milligrams per kilogram

NE Not established

90 SE – Resident Population Threat
Level II Resident Population Targets

The soil samples listed in Tale 27 were collected by EPA during the January and February 2015 removal 

assessment residential sampling event. The surface soil samples were collected within 24 inches of the 

ground surface (Refs. 9, pp. i, 81, 82, 84; 15, pp. 3, 4, 5). Properties included in AOC A that were vacant 

at the time of sampling and those previously evaluated as Level I targets are not included in Table 27 

(Ref. 9, pp. 4, 78).

TABLE 27: Level II Resident Population Targets

Area of 

Observed 

Contamination 

Letter Sample ID

No. of 

Residences

Total No. of 

Residents References

A FKT-033-04-E 1 4 Refs. 5, p. 4; 9, 

pp. 81, 82

A FKT-034-02-B 1 7 Refs. 5, p. 4; 9, 

pp. 84, 85

Notes:

## Number of sampling station on property 

### Site-specific property ID assigned for project

B Depth of 2 to 6 inches bgs (Ref. 9, pp. 81, 82)

E Depth of 0 to 2 inches bgs; duplicate of A depth interval (Ref. 9, pp. 84, 85)

FKT Former Kil-Tone Company

Sum of individuals subject to Level II concentrations: 11 persons

Level II Concentrations Factor Value: 11 persons

(Ref. 1, Section 5.1.3.2.2)

91 SE – Resident Population Threat
5.1.3.3 Workers

Table 28 identifies workers whose workplace area is on AOC A or within 200 feet of AOC A on the 

respective workplace property (Ref. 1, Section 5.1.3). The FKT property located at 527 East Chestnut 

Avenue is currently owned by Urban Manufacturing, LLC (Ref. 13, pp. 2, 3). Urban Sign & Crane, Inc., 

a tenant of Urban Manufacturing, LLC, currently operates at the FKT property (Refs. 12, p. 5; 18, pp. 2, 

4; 39, p. 28). Urban Sign & Crane employs 5 people (Ref. 39, p. 28). Vineland Syrup is located at 723 

South East Boulevard. Vineland Syrup employs 33 people (Ref. 39, p. 25).

TABLE 28: Workers

Area of 

Observed 

Contamination 

Letter Location No. of Workers References

A Urban Sign & Crane, Inc. 5 1, Table 5-4; 39, p. 28

A Vineland Syrup, Inc. 33 1, Table 5-4; 39, p. 25

Total Workers: 38

Workers Factor Value: 5

(Ref. 1, Table 5-4)

5.1.3.4 Resources

Description of Resource(s): No resources as stated in the HRS, Section 5.1.3.4, have been documented 

on AOC A.

Resources Factor Value: 0

5.1.3.5 Terrestrial Sensitive Environments

No terrestrial sensitive environments have been documented on AOC A.

Terrestrial Sensitive Environments Factor Value: 0

92 SE – Resident Population Threat
5.2 NEARBY POPULATION THREAT

The Nearby Population Threat was not scored because the Resident Population Threat is sufficient to 

qualify the site for the NPL. However, this threat is of concern to EPA and may be considered during a 

future evaluation (Ref. 1, Table 5-6). The removal assessment, which involves sampling of residential 

properties surrounding the FKT property, is on-going. Properties are sampled as site access is granted 

(Refs. 9, p. i; 43, p .i). In June 2015, the removal assessment was expanded and EPA sampled about 35 

additional properties in the vicinity of the FKT property (Ref. 67, p. 1).

93 SE – Nearby Population Threat