Directory of United States Standardization Activities

Sophie J. Chumas, Editor

Institute for Applied Technology

National Bureau of Standards

Washington, D.C. 20234

Supersedes Miscelleous Publication 288

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary

James A. Baker, III, Under Secretary

Dr. Betsy Ancker-Johnson, Assisfanf Secretary for Sc/ence and Technology

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acting Director

Issued November 1975
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Chumas, Sophie J Directory of United States standardization activities (NBS Special Publication; 417)

Supersedes a publication of the same title by J. E. Hartman,

issued in 1967 as the Bureau's Miscellaneous publication No. 288. "CODEN: XNBSAV."

Includes indexes.

Supt. of Docs. No. C 13.10:417.

1. Standardization—United States—Directories.

I. Hartman, Joan E. Directory of United States standardization

activities. II. Title. III. Series: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Special Publication; 417. QC100.U57 No. 417 389'.08s [389'.6'02573] 75-619012

National Bureau of Standards Special Publication 417

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Spec. Publ. 417, 228 pages (Nov. 1975)

CODEN: XNBSAV

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1975

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402

(Order by SD Catalog No. C13.10:417 ). Price $6.75. (Add 25 percent additional for other than U.S. mailing)

Stock No. 003-003-01395
Foreword

Standards are critical to the smooth, efficient functioning of our highly technical society. So important are standards that over 580 organizations in this country consider standardization to be a major

or important part of their work. Their efforts in developing and disseminating standards contribute

directly to the success of our nation's standardization programs. This directory describes their activities in the fields, products, and services in which they specialize.

The National Bureau of Standards assists these organizations under Congressional authorization which

directs "cooperation with other Government Agencies and with private organizations in the establishment of standard practices, incorporated in codes and specifications." Special needs of standardizing groups are met through additional Bureau functions which include provision of new and better

standards for measurement, determination of physical constants and properties of materials and development of methods for testing.

This Directory is designed to serve the needs of those interested or engaged in national standardization activities. It should be of particular value to manufacturers, engineers, purchasing agents, and

writers of standards and specifications.

Ernest Ambler

Acting Director

iii
I
Contents

Page Foreword iii

1. Introduction 1

2. Associations 3

3. State Governments 169

4. Federal Governments 176

5. Indexes

5.1. Association Index by Subject Heading Areas 197

5.2. Subject Index 209

V
I
Directory of United States Standardization Activities

Sophie J. Chumas, Editor*

This Directory serves as a guide to standardization activities in the United States. It super- sedes a Directory of the same title, issued in 1967, as National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous

Publication 288. Included in the Directory are summaries of the standardization activities of trade

associations, technical and other professional societies representing industry and commerce, and

state and Federal governments. For the first time this Directory covers nonengineering and nonindustry organizations. SP 417 contains current descriptive summaries of more than 580 or- ganizations.

Criteria for inclusion are that the organizations have standardization activities such as standards- writing groups, that they assist in the development of standards, or that they issue standards or disseminate standards information.

The standardization activities summaries are grouped into three sections: associations, states, and agencies of the Federal Government. In each section, the summaries are arranged alphabetically by organization. Two types of indexes are included in SP 417 to assist the reader in identifying an activity: (1) a subject index of key words taken from the summaries; and (2) a listing of organizations classified into 24 subject heading areas.

Key words: Codes; consensus system; Directory; Federal Government—standardization; industry

standards activities; national standards activities; recommended practices; specifications; stand- ardization activities; standards; states—standardization activities; test methods.

1 . Introduction

History

This revised Directory has been compiled at the di- rection of WilHam E. Andrus, Jr., while he was Program Manager for Engineering and Information

Processing Standards. This Directory of U.S. standardization activities was first published in 1941, as Standardization Activities of National Technical and

Trade Organizations, National Bureau of Standards

(NBS) Miscellaneous Publication (MP) 169, edited by

Robert A. Martino. The second edition was issued in 1960 and entitled Standardization Activities in the

United States—a Descriptive Directory, NBS MP 230,

edited by Sherman Booth. This publication supersedes

the third edition, Directory of United States Standardization Activities, NBS MP 288, edited by Joan Hartman, issued in 1967. Standards Information Services

of the Institute for Applied Technology has since as- sumed the responsibility of updating the standards

information contained in SP 417 and will continue to revise and issue the Directory.

Scope

This Directory provides summaries of the standardization activities of private associations, state governments, and the Federal Government. In previous

editions, the associations covered were primarily technical and trade groups representing industry and commerce. The scope of this current edition has been

broadened to include the standardization activities of

professional groups in such areas as medicine, health,

education, recreation, and athletics and sports. The

Present address: Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, D.C.

20201.

Directory includes a key word subject index and a subject area heading index.

For the purpose of this Directory, the term "standards" encompasses the following words: specifications,

tests and test methods, analyses, assays, reference samples, recommended practices, guides to good practice,

nomenclature, symbols, grading rules, codes, forms and

contracts, criteria, methods and codes of practice.

Criteria

Criteria for inclusion are that the organizations have

standardization activities such as standards-writing

groups, that they contribute toward the development

of standards, or that they issue standards or disseminate standards information. International groups were

included if they involved a large American membership and conducted a major portion of their standardization activities in the United States.

The Survey

A survey was conducted to gather the information

needed to assemble this Directory. The survey included

inquiries to all organizations listed in MP 288, or- ganizations selected from Gale's Encyclopedia of Associations that appeared likely to have standardization

programs, states and territories, and Federal Government agencies which were considered to possibly have

either voluntary or mandatory standardization programs. Government approval for the survey was obtained from the Office of Management and Budget.

There were 966 technical and trade organizations, 50

states and three outlying U.S. areas, and 109 Federal

Government departments and independent agencies and

offices therein surveyed for this project. Submission of

information for consideration for inclusion in this

Directory was voluntary. The results of the project

1
provided this Directory with current descriptive summaries of 506 technical and nontechnical, trade, and

other professional organizations; 26 state agencies;

and 50 Federal Government agencies that met .the criteria for inclusion. The survey forms varied

slightly depending on the type of organization sur- veyed. For the associations, the form requested

information on the scope of the association's activities;

the percentage of its standardization program to the

total program; the names of the groups within the

association that administer the standardization activities; the association's participation in international

programs; the involvement of the association with the

Federal Government; the association's certification

program activities; the total number of current standards issued and their titles; the active standards committees and new projects under consideration; the

promotional methods for the standards; and the former names of the association.

The state inquiry differed in that it requested the

commencement date of the standardization program.

An attempt was also made to determine whether the

state had a standardization program other than that

for purchasing. The Federal Government inquiry dif- fered in that it requested the legislative authority for

the agency's standardization programs. Finally, a fol- low-up letter was sent to all organizations that did not

respond to the original inquiry.

Explanation of the Sections

The section entitled Associations (sec. 2) consists

primarily of trade and professional organizations re- lated to industry and commerce; however, other professional groups meeting the criteria of this Directory

have been listed. These include: groups dedicated to a cause such as protection of the environment; service-oriented or- ganizations; pet clubs and animal laboratories; barber

and beautician groups; organizations that certify professional individuals, institutions, companies or laboratories; and sports and recreation organizations.

The survey did not uncover any standards-writing consumer groups. However, included are professional

groups that write standards for consumer products and

the consumer organizations that assist in the development of these standards.

Care was taken to screen the organizations for assur- ance that actual standardization efforts existed and

that the word "standards" was not used merely in an

ethical (code of conduct) sense of the word.

Most of the organizations included are nonprofit.

There was no attempt to survey independent testing

laboratories concerned with standardization since there are special publications devoted to the subject; however, a few do appear in the Directory.

The section entitled State Governments (sec. 3) in- cludes all states that responded affirmatively to the

survey. Almost all of the summary entries in that sec- tion pertain to purchasing offices. Some states are in

the stage of developing standards activities and a few

do not yet have any program. The summaries are in- dexed under the name of the state, followed by its legal

form of address, whether state or commonwealth.

The section entitled Federal Government (sec. 4)

contains information on all the Government agencies

that responded affirmatively to the survey. They include

the agencies which are involved with mandatory standardization activities as well as voluntary. Unless they

are independent agencies, offices are in alphabetical

order under major department and then agency; for

example. Commerce, Department of. National Bureau

of Standards, Office of Engineering Standards Services.

Committees and conferences with Government agency

sponsors or secretariats, regardless of their legislative

authority, are listed in alphabetical order by their

exact name, followed by the name of the sponsor or

secretariat of the committee, i.e.. Interdepartmental

Screw Thread Committee, National Bureau of Standards.

Use of Indexes

The indexes are an important and integral key to the use of this Directory. Since the organizations are arranged in alphabetical order by exact name in their

respective sections, a name in its entirety does not appear in the Subject Index (sec. 5.2). Instead, key

words extracted from the names of the organizations

appear in the Subject Index as well as other key words

taken from the summaries. Exceptions to this are the names of subordinate or constituent societies, institutes

and bureaus of a listed association, and the state and

Federal Government agencies (Federal Government

offices are by key words only). It is suggested that the

reader consult the Subject Heading Areas listing (sec.

5.1).

Organizations which are not included in this Directory are asked to send information on their standardization activities to the National Bureau of Standards,

Standards Information Services (SIS). SIS can thus

be kept abreast of current information and continue

to serve as the national source of information and re- ferral for standardization activities in the United

States. A request is also made to organizations already

included to keep SIS informed of organizational name

and address changes; and continue to send current

copies of standards for the SIS collection to the:

Standards Information Services

National Bureau of Standards

Building 225. Room B162

Washington, D.C. 20234

2
2. Associations

ABRASIVE GRAIN ASSOCIATION,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

This organization was founded in the early thirties

and its members include manufacturers of natural and

manufactured abrasives, i.e., silicon carbide, aluminum

oxide, corundum, emery, garnet, etc. The membership

is national in scope.

Its standardization activities represent approximately

50 percent of its total program. These activities are administered by the Standards Committee and several

subcommittees operating thereunder. It participates in

international standardization work cooperating with

the International Organization for Standardization

(ISO) and the Federation of European Producers of

Abrasives (FEPA). It cooperates with various Federal

agencies such as the U.S. Department of the Navy.

No certification programs are in existence nor being

contemplated.

The association has published nine standards

through the American National Standards Institute.

These are:

B74.4-1964 (R1971) Bulk Density of Abrasive

Grains, Test for

B74.5-1964 (R1971) Capillarity of Abrasive Grains,

Test for

B74.6-1964 (R1971) Sampling of Abrasive Grains,

Procedure for

B74.8-1965 (R1971) Friability of Abrasive Grain,

Ball Mill Test for

B74.10-1972 Abrasive Microgrits, Grading of

B74.11-1967 Tumbling Chip Abrasives, Specification

for

B74.12-1968 Checking the Size of Abrasive Grain

for Grinding Wheels, Polishing and General

Industrial Uses

B74.14-1971 Chemical Analysis of Aluminum Oxide

Abrasive Grain and Abrasive Crude, Methods of

B74.15-1971 Chemical Analysis of Silicon Carbide

Abrasive Grain and Abrasive Crude, Methods of

These industry standards are promoted by member

companies and the association office, and in the latter case, as new standards are issued, announcements are

sent to the trade press advising industry of their

availability.

ACCREDITING BUREAU OF

MEDICAL LABORATORY SCHOOLS,

Oak Manor Offices,

3038 West Lexington,

Elkhart, Indiana 46514

The Accrediting Bureau of Medical Laboratory

Schools established in 1964 is an independent accrediting agency of the American Medical Technologists. Its primary objectives are to serve as a nationally recognized accrediting agency of schools teaching medical

laboratory technician and medical assistant tducation

programs below the baccalaureate degree levlf (Junior

and Community College through the private sector),

to establish criteria and standards for the administration and operation of medical laboratory and medical

assistant schools, to enhance the profession through

the improvement of schools, courses and quality of

graduates, to provide sound business and ethical standards in the field of medical laboratory technician and

medical assistant education and, finally, to maintain

standards consistent with the philosophies and bestknown practices of other educational accrediting

agencies.

The Accrediting Bureau of Medical Laboratory

Schools is the agency recognized by the U.S. Office of

Education to accredit medical laboratory technician

education programs below the baccalaureate degree

level and it, at the present time, has a petition pending

before the U.S. Office of Education for an expansion of

its scope to include recognition in the medical assistant

education area. All decisions relative to accreditation of school programs are made by nine commissioners who are

selected in the following manner: three by the accredited schools, three by the American Medical Technologists and three by the Bureau Commissioners.

Accrediting manuals which list the criteria and

standards for evaluation by the Accrediting Bureau are available upon request as are training guides, brochures and documents relative to the accrediting process. ACOUSTICAL AND BOARD

PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION,

205 West Touhy Avenue,

Park Ridge, lUinois 60068

This is an association of manufacturers of fiberboard sheathings, sound deadening board; ceiling tile and lay-in panels; and mineral and nonwood ceiling

tile and lay-in panels.

The association began operations on January 1, 1969

and assumed many functions of the former Acoustical

Materials Association and Insulation Board Institute.

The association and its members are concerned with

combating noise pollution and providing protection

against excessive heat and cold in buildings.

AIMA sponsors a U.S. Department of Commerce

Voluntary Product Standard for Insulation Board PS

57-73, as well as American Society for Testing and

Materials (ASTM) standards and test methods—i.e., C208 and C209 for insulation board. In addition the

association issues product and application specifications (Tech Specs.) for many industry products. The

AIMA bulletin. Performance Data for Architectural

Acoustical Materials, is used by architects and specifiers involved in ceilings for commercial building. This

publication also covers fire-rated floor ceiling assemblies. AIMA actively participates in ASTM; American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

3
Engineers (ASHRAE) and other technical organizations in the development of standards and test procedures.

Formed by merger of: Acoustical Materials Association (founded 1933) and Insulation Board Institute

(founded 1932).

ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

335 East 45th Street,

New York, New York 10017

Since 1932, this society has sponsored sectional committees of the American National Standards Institute

for the purpose of preparing standards in the broad

field of acoustics. In 1969, the Acoustical Society formed a secretariat

to administer the three committees of the American

National Standards Institute concerned with domestic

and international standardization activities in acoustics; nationally, to foster development of American

National Standards and, internationally, to act as technical advisory groups for the International Organization for Standardization, ISO/TC 43 Acoustics, ISO/

TC 108 Mechanical Vibration and Shock, and International Electrotechnical Commission, lEC/TC 29,

Electroacoustics. The three committees are: (1)

Acoustics—standards, specifications, methods of meas- urement and test, and terminology, in the fields of

physical acoustics, including noise, architectural acoustics, electroacoustics, sonics and ultrasonics, and

underwater sound, but excluding those aspects which

pertain to safety, tolerance and comfort. (2) Mechanical Shock and Vibration (for which the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers is cosecretariat) —

standards, specifications, methods of measurement and

test, and terminology, in the fields of mechanical shock

and vibration, but excluding those aspects which pertain to biological safety, tolerance and comfort. (3)

Bioacoustics—standards, specifications, methods of

measurement and test, and terminology, in the fields

of psychological and physiological acoustics, including

aspects of general acoustics, noise and shock and

vibration which pertain to biological safety, tolerance

and comfort.

Standards developed by these three committees are

listed in the catalog of the American National Standards Institute, which is responsible for this publication.

When new standards become available, they are publicized in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of

America. Current activities center on noise, particularly on community noise, and hearing conservation criteria.

ADHESIVE AND SEALANT COUNCIL,

1410 Higgins Road,

Park Ridge, Illinois 60068

The purpose and object of the council is to promote,

encourage, and advance the uses of products of the

industry. In the field of specification writing and

endorsement, the council achieves this purpose

through its Technical Committee. This committee is

charged with the establishment of practical and realistic product performance and end use standards for

adhesives and sealants sold primarily for resale to users who lack testing facilities and who do not purchase to specifications, but are desirous of procuring to a consistent and known quality standard.

The council was founded in 1957. As a matter of

policy, the council serves its industry through cooperative activities of national and international standardization bodies, and/or other industry trade groups. The

council devotes 25 percent of the total program to its standardization activities. Currently the council is cooperating with the aluminum industry in developing

a performance standard for backerboard adhesives.

Formerly: Rubber and Plastic Adhesives and Sealant

Manufacturers' Council.

AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION,

1725 DeSales Street NW.,

Washington, D C. 20036

The Aerospace Industries Association of America,

Inc. (AIA) is the national trade association of companies in the United States presently engaged in the

research, development, and manufacture of aerospace

and aircraft vehicles and equipment. AIA was founded

in 1919 as the Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce.

Current membership is 50 manufacturing companies.

AIA's primary function is to provide an effective twoway communication link between the member companies and their customers, including Goverrmient

agencies.

The standardization activity comprises approximately 10 percent of the total AIA program, and is administered principally through the Technical Specifications Division of the Aerospace Technical Council, and its Standards Management Policy Group. The

National Aerospace Standards Committee (NASC) is responsible for the development, maintenance, and promotion of the AIA standards document series of

National Aerospace Standards (NAS). Standards in

the NAS series are also developed under the Manufacturing Committee (machine tools) and the Transport

Airworthiness Requirements Committee (transport

and cargo)

AIA, through a number of its technical committees,

participates actively in the international standardization activities of the International Organization for

Standardization, ISO/TC20 Committee on Aircraft

and Space Vehicles.

The standardization activities of the association are predicted on a base policy of effectively fulfilling

industry requirements without duplication of Government agency or other industrial programs. A close

working alliance exists with the Department of

Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other Government agencies and industry

organizations to insure that AIA standards are not

duplicative of existing Government or industry standards, and will meet all the necessary requirements of

Government and industry. This liaison involves the

direct participation of these agency representatives in

4
the meetings and activities of the National Aerospace

Standards Committee. Similarly, the NASC as well as other AIA committees, review and make recommendations on Government standards documents. Government agencies participating in the NASC program

include: Defense Supply Agency, Defense Item Entry

Control Office, Defense Electronics Supply Center,

Defense Industrial Supply Center. Air Force Systems

Command, Air Force Logistics Command, Aeronautical Systems Division (AFSC), Army Aviation Systems

Command, Army Missile Command, Army Weapons

Command, Naval Air Systems Command, Naval Air

Engineering Center, and the Marshall Space Flight

Center (NASA).

National Aerospace Standards are nationally recognized and used by manufacturers, airlines and mainte- nance facilities for civil transport and general aviation

aircraft, and are generally accepted by military and

Government agencies in lieu of developing new Government standards. More than 1200 NAS documents

have been published since 1946, with approximately

840 of these currently active.

National Aerospace Standards are published and dis- tributed through the documentation services of:

National Standards Association, Inc., 1321 Fourteenth

Street NW., Washington, D.C. 20005.

Formerly: Aeronautical Chamber of Commerce of

America (1945) ; Aircraft Industries Association of

America (1959).

AIR-CONDITIONING AND

REFRIGERATION INSTITUTE,

1815 North Fort Myer Drive,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The institute, known in the industry as ARI, is a trade association of manufacturers of air-conditioning,

heating, and commercial and industrial refrigeration

equipment and components, but does not include

within its scope such appliances as room air-conditioners, household freezers and refrigerators, portable

humidifiers and dehumidifiers, etc.

It was formed in May 1953 by a merger of the

Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturers' Association

(REMA) and the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration

Machinery Association (ACRMA). In 1965 its scope was further enlarged when manufacturer members of

the National Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning

Association voted to transfer their memberships to ARI. During this year the Air Filter Institute also dis- banded and most of its members became members of

the Air Filters Section of ARI.

The standardization activities of ARI fall into the

following general classification: Equipment standards —standards pertaining to the physical and operating

characteristics of items and equipment. Testing standards—standard procedures for testing equipment in

order to determine its performance and operating characteristics. Rating standards—standards containing

provisions for converting data into general statements

of capacity and performance which can be applied to a series of production items. Application standards—

standards specifying acceptable installation criteria,

including initial selection of equipment. Safety standards—standards containing provisions intended to safe- guard life, health and property.

At the present time, ARI has issued standards cover- ing the following types of equipment and components

unitary air-conditioning equipment and heat pumps,

air-cooling and air-heating coils, forced-circulation,

free-delivery air-coolers for refrigeration, central sta- tion air-handling units, room air-induction units, re- frigerant condensers, refrigerant-cooled liquid coolers,

liquid receivers, ammonia compressors and compressor

units, refrigerant compressor and condensing units, centrifugal liquid-chilling packages, reciprocating chilling

packages, liquid line driers, self-contained mechanically-refrigerated drinking water coolers, transport re- frigeration units, and sound rating and application

standards. In addition to equipment standards, ARI has published a number of application standards, including

cooling load estimate forms for various applications,

and a standard for application, installation and servicing of unitary air-conditioning systems.

ARI also administers many certification programs

for certain types of equipment, and these programs

involve the use of an ARI seal of approval of equipment manufactured and rated in accordance with the

applicable ARI standards, following validation by an independent laboratory.

AIR DIFFUSION COUNCIL,

435 North Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

This is a trade association formed in 1961, whose

members are manufacturers of grilles, registers, ceiling

diffusers, high velocity terminal control devices, and

flexible ducts used in conjunction with air-conditioning

systems in commercial construction. Four test codes

have been developed through Air Diffusion Council

(ADC) action.

The major standardization activity of the council

has been the promulgation of a code to standardize the

testing and rating of products manufactured by the

industry to establish a basis of performance characteristics. Under the provisions of this code, ADC Equipment Test Code 1062R3, testing is performed in com- pany laboratories which have been previously certified as meeting minimum industry standards in compliance

with the code. The test data thus developed, utilizing

the test procedure established by the code, may be

submitted to the council for certification under the

code.

A second code developed by the council for the purpose of testing sound transmission through air-conditioning plenum systems is entitled. Measurement of

Room-to-Room Sound Transmission (AD-63). This

code establishes test procedures for the testing of sound

transmission through plenum systems by the two

room method.

A third code standardizes testing procedures for the

testing of heat rejecting characteristics in troffer light

5
fixtures and is entitled Air Diffusing Troffer Heat

Removal Test Code TC 66R1.

A fourth code establishes the requirements for the

determination and presentation of air friction loss,

leakage, and sound data for flexible air ducting used as a means of conveying conditioned air in heating and

air-conditioning systems. This code is entitled Flexible

Air Duct Test Code (FD-72)

.

AIR MOVING AND CONDITIONING

ASSOCIATION,

30 West University Drive,

Arlington Heights, Illinois 60004

This association was formed in 1955 by a merger of

several organizations, including the National Association of Fan Manufacturers, the Power Fan Manufacturers' Association and the Industrial Unit Heater

Association. Its membership comprises some 70

companies in the U.S. and Canada which manufacture

air moving and conditioning devices.

The main technical effort of the association is aimed

at the development of accurate and reliable testing

procedures which are adopted as standard test codes

and are used as a basis for rating the industry's

products. Codes have been adopted to measure the

performance of all air moving devices and steam and

hot water unit heaters, and the sound power of this

equipment. The codes are periodically reviewed and

revised when further knowledge and experience show

that this is necessary.

Other technical standards cover a wide variety of

subjects including nomenclature and arrangements,

standard sizes, spark resistant construction, operating

limits for centrifugal fans, and flue gas and air

densities.

As a service to users of the industry's products,

AMCA publishes information on the application of

various types of equipment. Subjects covered include

the installation and maintenance of unit heaters and

the application of sound power and sound loudness

ratings.

Products which have been performance rated in

accordance with AMCA standards are eligible to be

licensed under the Certified Ratings Program and are

identified by the display of the AMCA Certified Ratings

Seal. The certification program includes provisions for

approval of test laboratories, checking of published

ratings and a recheck procedure to insure continuing

product performance.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOCIATION,

4400 Fifth Avenue,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

APCA is the only voluntary, cooperative, nonprofit

organization devoted solely to air pollution control. It

is an expanding organization both in number, more

than 6600 members and 20 local sections, and in influ- ence. The growing membership is composed of engineers,

scientists, enforcement officials, industrial organizations, manufacturers of control equipment and instrumentation, scientific and educational institutions, and

consultants. It is through this variety of disciplines in

the membership that the technical proficiency and

forum capability of the 66-year old association is maintained, thereby making APCA a prime resource in

the field of air pollution control.

The Air Pollution Control Association contributes to the development of standards through representation

in the following committees of standards-setting organizations: American National Standards Committee

Z-21; Subcommittee on Standards for Domestic GasFired Incinerators; American National Standards

Z-105; Air Cleaning Equipment Committee; American

National Standards Z-91; Committee of Installation

Standards for Oil Burners and Oil Burning Equipment;

American National Standards Z-228; Incinerator Committee; International Organization for Standardization;

Technical Committee ISO/TC 146; Air Purity and

Intersociety Committee (Manual of Methods of Ambient Air Sampling Analysis)

.

To summarize, APCA is a technical society, educational in nature and international in scope with the

capability to consider air pollution scientifically, not

politically, and to take effective action based on fact

not conjecture. In 1974, for example, APCA will

sponsor or will be directly involved with over 100 sep- arate technical meetings throughout the States and

Canada at the local, national and international levels.

AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OF

AMERICA,

1709 New York Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

This association, founded in 1936, is concerned

with the following areas of standardization: fa)

Engineering and maintenance—The association has

published ATA Spec 100, the industry standard specification for the preparation of aircraft manuals by

manufacturers for the use of airline operators; and

ATA Spec 101, the industry standard specification for

the preparation of ground equipment manuals by

manufacturers for the use of airline operators, (b)

Supply—The association publishes ATA Spec 200, the

industry integrated data processing standard specification for the procurement of aircraft parts; and ATA

Spec 300, the industry standard for packaging of

parts and components of aircraft and aircraft systems,

(c) Communications—The ATA and the International Air Transport Association (lATA) jointly

prepare and issue an ATA/IATA Interline Communications Manual prescribing standard methods for

interline communication of record communications

and data. Included are standards covering message

composition (including machinable texts), message

handling procedures for stations and switching centers, standard addressing using either the ATA/IATA

five or seven bit code, asynchronous and synchronous

link control procedures, and additional characteristics

and procedures for network operation, (d) Airborne

6
navigation and communications equipment—The air- line industry, through the Airlines Electronics Engineering Committee of Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC) develops standard characteristics, including

case sizes and wiring for much of the radio communications and navigation and other electronics

equipment installed in airline aircraft. The Air

Transport Association guides and advises ARINC in

the preparation of these ARINC Specs.

ALUMINA CERAMIC MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

331 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The Alumina Ceramic Manufacturers' Association

(ACMA) is a group of manufacturers engaged in the

production of high quality impervious, high alumina

ceramics for a wide variety of dielectric, mechanical,

chemical and abrasion-resistant applications.

Through its Technical Committee, standards have

been developed to help the consumer select the

alumina ceramic best suited for his purpose. The

standards include sections on properties, test procedures, design criteria and recommendations for the use of these materials. The association also has available other ACMA test procedures. Copies may be

obtained by writing to the secretary.

ALUMINUM ASSOCIATION,

750 Third Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The Aluminum Association, founded November

1933, serves the public as a source of noncommercial,

industrywide information on aluminum and the alu- minum industry. Its membership embraces most

producers of primary ingot, most producers of sheet

and plate and leading extruders, foundries, secondary

smelters, forging firms and producers of aluminum

electrical conductor. Approximately 95 percent of

primary aluminum shipments and 82 percent of

semifabricated aluminum shipments are accounted for

by association member companies.

Its functions include developing, publishing and dis- tributing technical data, collecting and publishing

industry statistics, and conducting school programs

and industry seminars.

The association currently lists over 45 titles including the following technical publications: Aluminum

Standards and Data (published biennially), Drafting

Standards—Aluminum Extruded and Tubular Products, Designation System for Aluminum Finishes and

Specifications for Aluminum Structures.

Aluminum Association standards are the basis for

the majority of government, American Society for

Testing and Materials, company and other specifications for aluminum and aluminum alloy products. The

association also publishes, in cooperation with the

European Primary Aluminum Association and the

American Society for Metals, a monthly abstract

journal of the world's technical literature on aluminum.

AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION OF THE

UNITED STATES, INC.,

3400 West 86th Street,

Indianapolis, Indiana 46268

The Amateur Athletic Union of the United States was founded in 1888. Among the several objects of

this organization are the establishment and mainte- nance throughout the United States of a uniform

definition of amateurism, and uniform rules for the

administration and conduct of all athletic sports

within its jurisdiction, the institution, regulation, and

awarding of amateur athletic championships of the

United States in the sports under its jurisdiction and

the institution of a bureau of records for the sports

of swimming, track and field, and weightlifting.

This organization is charged with the duties and

responsibilities of administering, as the sole United

States member of world governing sports organizations (and as such acts as the governing body for

international purposes in these sports), the following:

basketball, bobsled, boxing, handball, judo, karate,

luge, swimming and diving, track and field, water

polo, weightlifting, and wrestling (both freestyle and

greco-roman) . The union conducts championships of

the United States in these sports and, as well,

national programs in baton twirling, horseshoe pitching, volleyball and gymnastics. The AAU is divided

into 58 district associations encompassing all 50 States and each district association annually conducts championships in several AAU sports.

The establishment of standard definitions of rules

for the government of athletic sports are formulated

by the Board of Governors, which is elected each year

and is representative of the active and allied member

associations of the union. The AAU is comprised of

such allied members as the National Association of

Intercollegiate Athletics, comprising nearly 600 col- leges and universities in the United States, the Young

Men's Christian Association (YMCA), Young Men's

Hebrew Association (YMHA), National Jewish Welfare Board and others. Besides the adoption of standard contest rules for various sports under its jurisdiction, the union also fixes standards on dimensions, weights, material, and shapes of the various

implements, balls, etc. entering into athletic contests. The Amateur Athletic Union also conducts annually

Junior Olympic competition in 14 sports for athletes

ages 6 to 18. Such competition annually provides

millions of young athletes the opportunity and exposure to compete in healthy sporting events. Moreover,

the AAU also conducts a program of National Physical

Fitness testing which in 1973 reached over 6 million

youngsters. In providing age group competition across

the board, the AAU conducts Masters competitions

for athletes 25 and older (in swimming) and 40 and

older (in track and field) across the nation with

national championships in these events.

7
AMERICAN AMATEUR BASEBALL

CONGRESS, INC.,

212 Plaza Building,

2855 West Market Street,

P.O. Box 5332,

Akron, Ohio 44313

The American Amateur Baseball Congress, Inc.,

founded in 1935, is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization, incorporated as such in Ohio and Michigan. Its objectives are to enlarge and advance the scope of

amateur baseball by stimulating interest and competition; to provide a sound, experienced organization to

assist at local, state, regional and national levels to obtain the maximum health and citizenship values;

and to provide standard rules of play.

It is national in scope, embracing 46 states in the

United States; plus two Canadian provinces and

Puerto Rico.

It administers amateur baseball programs in five age

divisions: Stan Musial Division (unlimited age), Connie Mack Division (18 and under), Mickey Mantle

Division (16 and under), Sandy Koufax Division (14

and under) and Pee Wee Reese Division (12 and

under)

.

It provides national competition, including post- season tournaments, at state, regional and national

levels; leading to national champions in each of its five age divisions.

Formerly: American Baseball Congress (1955).

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR HEALTH,

PHYSICAL EDUCATION,

AND RECREATION,

1201 Sixteenth Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation (AAHPER), established in

1885, is a voluntary professional organization for education in these related fields. Its purpose is the

improvement of education through such professional

services as consultation, periodicals and special publications, leadership development, determination of

standards, public information and research.

Standards comprise approximately 15 percent of the

total program and are established by the following substructures: Dance Division, Division of Girls and

Women's Sports, Division of Men's Athletics, Physical

Education Division, and the General Division. The

International Relations Council participates in an

international book program and maintains a binational

commission with Mexico.

Guidelines for Professional Preparation for Personnel Involved in Physical Education and Recreation for

Handicapped was prepared with funds from the

Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

AAHPER has more than 30 books and pamphlets that

deal with guidelines and standards. The standards

offered by AAHPER are national in scope. They are promoted through the education of teachers and professionals in allied fields.

Certification programs are implemented at the state level through activities of AAHPER members. Professional preparation programs in colleges are developed

using AAHPER standards.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR

REHABILITATION THERAPY, INC.,

(Registry of Medical Rehabilitation

Therapists and Specialists),

Box No. 93,

North Little Rock, Arkansas 72116

The American Association for Rehabilitation Therapy (AART), founded in 1950, is a national

organization with rehabilitation personnel from private, state, and Federal agencies and institutions

comprising its membership. These include: therapists,

therapy assistants, coordinators or specialists, counselors, administrators, nurses, psychologists, social

workers, and physicians. It is the only national

organization for the certification of Medical Rehabilitation Therapists and a major representative of the

field in certifying medical rehabilitation coordinators.

The organization devotes 15 percent of its total program to their standardization activities. The Registry Council administers the standardization activities.

AART is involved with the Federal Government in

standardization activities in an advisory and liaison

capacity. Current relationships are with the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and the

Veterans Administration. Directory, No. 14, 1973,

Registry of Medical Rehabilitation Therapists and

Specialists (Coordinators), contains a list of the eight

current standards. Certification programs activities are

university-affiliated training programs; stratified training of therapists and assistants.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

ADVERTISING AGENCIES/

MAGAZINE PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION,

200 Park Avenue,

New York, New York, 10017;

575 Lexington Avenue,

New York, New York 10022

Since its formation in 1948, the AAAA/MPA Joint

Committee on Advertising Reproduction has enlisted

the cooperation of other industry organizations, and

as a result, five standards for the graphic arts industry

dealing with magazine publication have been issued,

periodically revised, and are in use today. They are as follows: (1) Recommended Standard Specifications

for Advertising Reproduction Material in Magazine

Letterpress Wet Printing, Joint Committee Report

No. 5 dated June 1967; (2) Standard Color Control

Bars, approved by the American Photoengravers Association, October 1959, and recommended by the

American Association of Advertising Agencies, Magazine Publishers Association, and Printing Industries of

America; and (3) AAAA/MPA Standard 4-Color

Process Proofing Inks, issued by the National Association of Printing Ink Makers, September 1964, and

8
recommended and approved by the American Association of Advertising Agencies, Magazine Publishers

Association, American Business Press, American

Photoengravers Association, and Printing Industries of

America; (4) Production Operating Communication

Standards for Magazine Paper Mills, Printers and

Publishers issued October 1967 recommended and

endorsed by Printing Paper Division, American Paper

Institute, Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper

Industry, Printing Industries of America, Inc., Gravure

Technical Association, Magazine Publishers Association, Inc.; (5) Recommended Standard Specifications

for Advertising Production Material for Magazine Web

Offset Printing revised December 1972 issued by

AAAA/MPA/ABP.

These standards have the common purpose of

improving the reproduction of advertisements in

magazines, following the Joint Committee's stated

objective: "The improvement of the physical presentation of advertising in magazines."

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

BIOANALYSTS,

411 North Seventh Street,

805 Ambassador Building,

St. Louis, Missouri 63101

The American Association of Bioanalysts (AAB)

was founded in 1954 with the merger of the National

Association of Clinical Laboratories and American

Bioanalysts' Association. It is an association of bioanalyst laboratory directors and is active in certification and accreditation of bioanalyst laboratory

directors, laboratory supervisors and clinical laboratories as a sponsoring organization of the American

Board of Bioanalysis.

AAB maintains a national program of external

quality control known as The Proficiency Testing

Service, one of the programs in which independent

laboratories, hospitals and physician office laboratories

must participate as a condition for Medicare approval.

In the Proficiency Testing Service AAB is involved in

the developing, handling, and shipping of various

materials, and is required to examine such materials

for stability. Included also are control and standards

for use in the many clinical laboratory disciplines.

AAB's program is under the guidance of the Board of

Scientific Advisers.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

CEREAL CHEMISTS,

3340 Pilot Knob Road,

St. Paul, Minnesota 55121

The objectives of this association, founded in 1915,

are to advance and encourage scientific and technical

research on cereal grains and related materials,

development and standardization of analytical methods used in cereal chemistry and technology, and

scientific cooperation among all workers in the field of

cereal science. The association's Approved Methods

Committee supervises and coordinates the work of

technical committees on the standardization of analytical methods, laboratory baking procedures, testing

methods and apparatus for flours and doughs, flour

specifications, and sanitation methods. Results of work

by the technical committees is embodied in the

association's publication Approved Methods of the

AACC, now in looseleaf format with replacements and

additions appearing annually. This publication is a two-volume, 872-page laboratory manual which

includes 330 methods, over 90 pages of reference

tables, and 45 full-color photos of insect fragments in

its Extraneous Matter section. To maintain uniformity

the association cooperates formally with the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, American Oil

Chemists' Society, and American Society for Testing

and Materials. Active technical committees are listed annually in the journal. Cereal Science Today and in

the association's membership directory. Progress on

current standardization projects is reported annually

in the October issue of Cereal Science Today. The

association also offers a National Check Sample Service

which allows members to check their analytical

techniques and provides a certification program for

certified sanitation analysts.

Absorbed: American Society of Milling and Baking

Technology (1923).

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

CLINICAL CHEMISTS,

P.O. Box 15053,

Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103

The American Association of Clinical Chemists,

founded 1948, is a non-profit organization of professional chemists who specialize in clinical chemistry.

Its Standards Committee is a standing committee

which carries out background development of standard methodology and materials, amounting to about

10 percent of the total association effort. The Standards Committee collaborates closely with the International Federation of Clinical Chemists, particularly in

programs on nomenclature, proteins and enzymes.

Close alliance is also maintained with the clinical

laboratory programs of the U.S. National Bureau of

Standards in developing specifications for new standard reference materials, and with the Center for

Disease Control and the Food and Drug Administration in evaluating methods and their performance in

the field. Topics under active consideration by subcommittees are proteins and albumin, enzymes,

spectophotometry, nomenclature, and referee methods

for glucose, lead and uric acid. Methods and recom- mendations are published in the journal. Clinical

Chemistry or in the book series Standard Methods in

Clinical Chemistry.

9
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

MEDICAL MILK COMMISSIONS, INC.

AND CERTIFIED MILK PRODUCERS

OF AMERICA, INC.,

2266 North Prospect Avenue,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202

The American Association of Medical Milk Commissions, Inc. and Certified Milk Producers of America,

Inc. comprise a national body consisting of physicians

and owners of certified milk dairies and committee

members serving without pay for development of the

cleanest, most nutritious milk to be found anywhere.

Certified Milk originated in 1893 by the medical

profession and by 1909 the Medical Milk Commissions

functioned in many parts of the country. At that time

a Manual of Methods and Standards was in use. This

manual is revised annually and copies are in the

libraries of every medical school in the United States. Permanent committees control medical examination

of employees, chemical standards, bacteriological

standards, veterinary inspections and protection

against tuberculosis.

Certified Milk, the name copyrighted and trademarked, may not be used by any dairy not certified as producing under the stringent rules of methods and

standards. Certification has familiarized state and

municipal health officials with bacteriological standards and has continuously raised the quality of all milk on the market, even though certified dairies

comprise only 6 percent of dairy products sold.

Certified raw milk and milk products, as well as pasteurized, must be the product of healthy animals

(both cows and goats) , fed carefully controlled forages

in which natural Vitamins A and C and trace minerals

are contained and supplemented whenever necessary

by seasonal change.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

MOTOR VEHICLE ADMINISTRATORS,

1828 L Street NW., Suite 500,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The AAMVA, founded in 1933, is a voluntary,

nonprofit organization of state and provincial officials responsible for the administration and enforcement of

motor vehicle and traffic laws in the United States and

Canada. Membership includes all 50 States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the 10 Canadian

provinces, and the Northwest Yukon Territories.

Among AAMVA's basic objectives are: to promote

uniform laws and regulations for motor vehicle

administration, traffic law enforcement, and highway

safety; and to promote standardization and uniform

enforcement of these laws.

Under the general direction of the Executive Director, AAMVA works principally with the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Society

of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in standards development. The subunits of AAMVA that are responsible

for the development of specific standards are as fol- lows: (1) Safety equipment and product safety—The

AAMVA Equipment Approval Division; (2) Vehicle

records and procedures—Vehicle Services Division;

(3) Driver licensing procedures—Driver License Division. In addition to AAMVA's standards development

work, the Equipment Approval Division also applies

many equipment standards in its certification program. The AAMVA Equipment Approval Program

certifies after market safety equipment commonly

utilized in the operation of a motor vehicle. AAMVA

does not issue standards; all of its programs are coor- dinated through the ANSI, SAE, or National Highway

Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) programs, on

a cooperative basis. Approximately 50 to 60 percent

of the total program is devoted to standardization

activities.

On an international level the AAMVA Vehicle

Services Division is involved in the effort by the Inter- national Organization for Standardization (ISO) to develop a system for vehicle identification numbering.

The Equipment Approval Program, via its certification

and laboratory accreditation programs, is involved

with foreign auto and equipment manufacturers and

foreign testing laboratories. Other standardization

activities are projects that are coordinated with the

Federal Government. An AAMVA Driver Services

Division Task Force developed the system which the

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration incorporated into the Federal Highway Safety Program

Standard on Driver Licensing for developing a

Classified Driver Licensing System. Both the Vehicle

Services Division and the Equipment Approval Division are in close and constant contact with the

appropriate elements of NHTSA in their work in

standards development.

The following is a list of active standards committees and new projects under consideration: Society of

Automotive Engineers (SAE) ; Vehicle Identification

Number (VIN) Committee; American National Standards Committee D-19; for the development of model

registration and certificate of ownership procedures;

American National Standards Committee D-20, for the

development of a state-oriented model motorist data

base; International Organization for Standardization

(ISO) Technical Committee 22, on road vehicles;

Subcommittee 20, on identification of vehicles; American National Standards Committee D-7, on motor

vehicle inspection procedures; and the American

National Standards Committee D-18, on training of

motor vehicle inspection mechanics.

Note : AAMVA is either the sponsor or cosponsor of

the American National Standards Committees D-7,

D-18, D-19, and D-20 projects. It is a principal

participant in the SAE VIN Committee's activities, and

a member of the ISO TC 22/SC20 project.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

NURSERYMEN, INCORPORATED,

230 Southern Building,

Washington, D.C. 20005

The association was founded in 1875, to enable

nurserymen to jointly work on those projects and

10
activities which would foster the general welfare of the

industry and to improve their ability to meet the

desires of their customers.

Through its Horticultural Standards Committee, this

association has continued to develop grades and standards for the use of nurserymen, landscape architects,

landscape contractors, governmental agencies and

others preparing lists and specifications for trading in

trees, shrubs, roses, vines, fruit trees, small fruit,

bulbs, tubers and forest tree seedlings. These became

an official national standard in 1947 when they were

approved by the then American Standards Association,

currently American National Standards Institute. The

current edition is the Z60.1-1973. The standards contain height, caliper, root size, root ball, container size

and various other standardized means of describing

nursery plants.

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS,

1444 South Boulder,

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74119

The American Association of Petroleum Geologists was founded in 1917. Two association committees are involved in standardization operations. The Stratigraphic Correlations Committee has developed and

published a Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1961.

revised 1970, which has been adopted by the American

Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature. The

alphanumeric code was designed for both human and

computer sensibility. The Committee on Statistics of

Drilling, working jointly with the American Petroleum

Institute and various governmental agencies has developed and put into use a standardized form for the

recording of data from wells drilled for oil or gas. The

form is formatted for keypunching to three 80-column

computer cards. In addition, the CSD has participated

in the development of standard definitions for the

petroleum industry.

Formerly: Southwest Association of Petroleum Geologists (1917).

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

POISON CONTROL CENTERS,

Childrens Memorial Hospital,

44th and Dewey Avenue,

Omaha, Nebraska 68105

The American Association of Poison Control Centers was founded in 1957. In pursuance of its main

purposes of promoting and encouraging the development of improved methods for the prevention and

treatment of acute poisoning, and of furthering the

exchange of information about such activities among

its members, the association has established certain

committees.

The Committee on Educational Activities has been

active in efforts to develop materials that will be of

value to poison control and information centers in

educating the lay public about the hazards of, and the

prevention of acute poisoning in and about the home.

It is anticipated that the Committee on Public Education will later devote its attention to developing aids

for the training of professional personnel in the pre- vention and treatment of acute poisoning.

The Committee on Operation of Centers has pre- pared standard recommended practices for poison

control and poison information centers. At the third

annual meeting of the American Association of Poison

Control Centers, these were accepted as tentative

standard recommended practices for the establishment

and operation of properly qualified centers. Realizing

that standards must be as specific as possible, the

committee felt that certain recommendations should

be made which fell outside the strict definition of

"standards," but nevertheless were important in the

overall poison control program. Accordingly, they

termed the standard recommended practices as "rec- ommendations." These are periodically revised. Copies

of these standard recommended practices have been

distributed to members and to state and local health

departments.

THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES FOR CHILDREN,

1701 Eighteenth Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20009

Founded in 1948 as the American Association of Psychiatric Clinics for Children, the American Association

of Psychiatric Services for Children's (AAPSC) cur- rent membership consists of 180 child psychiatric services in all parts of the U.S. that fulfill AAPSC standards

of competence. From its inception, AAPSC has provided leadership in defining and maintaining standards

of clinical practice, organization of treatment, and

specialized training.

To meet AAPSC's professional standards, a child

psychiatric facility must provide proof of its continuity

of service, together with the training background of its key staff members. The AAPSC membership committee reviews treatment approaches and case histories

submitted by the applicant. This is followed by a site

visit. Training clinics are similarly evaluated before

accreditation. AAPSC provides certificates to member

services, to approved training programs in career child

psychiatry and child psychology as well as to individuals who have been trained in career child psychiatry.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE

HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION

OFFICIALS,

341 National Press Building,

Washington, D.C. 20004

Organized in 1914, AASHO's basic purpose is to foster the development, operation and maintenance of our nationwide integrated system of highways. To

accomplish this end, AASHO cooperates with other

appropriate agencies in considering matters of mutual

interest with the other modes of transportation in

serving the public need.

The association, through its committee structure,

11
works to develop and improve methods of administration, planning, research, design, construction, mainte- nance and operation of highways; to provide the

efficient transportation of persons and goods in support of national goals and objectives. As such, one of

the major functions is the development of technical,

administrative and operational standards and policies

needed to carry out the highway program in the United

States. Committees are broken into two general categories:

Standing Committee on Administrative Practices and

Standing Committee on Engineering Policies, which

report to an Executive Committee and, in turn, to a Policy Committee. Subcommittees under the two

standing committees cover such areas as legal affairs;

right-of-way; uniform accounting; computer technology; highway planning; public information; urban

affairs and socio-economic factors; highway finance

policies and planning; personnel development; highway

transport; roadway design; bridges and structures; communications and electronic applications for highways; materials; traffic engineering; roadside development; maintenance; construction; secondary roads;

Select Committee on Research Activities; Select Committee on Highway Safety; Special Liaison Committee

on Environmental Quality; as well as cooperative committee with other major national associations.

These various committees promote and develop the

intimate contacts that are essential in (1) keeping

their respective specifications, manuals and standards

representative of the best current practice, (2) encour- aging their adoption and use, and (3) promoting engineering research in their respective fields to obtain

factual data and improvements in materials and

practices.

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEXTILE

CHEMISTS AND COLORISTS,

AATCC National Headquarters,

P.O. Box 12215,

Research Triangle Park,

North Carolina 22709

This association (AATCC) was founded in 1921 for

the purpose of promoting the increase of knowledge of

the application of dyes and chemicals in the textile

industry, encouraging in any practical way research

work on chemical processes and materials of importance to the textile industry, and establishing for the

members channels by which the interchange of professional knowledge among them might be increased.

The membership of the association of approximately 10,000 includes most of the leading textile

chemists and colorists in nearly every state and in

50 other countries. Some 300 companies in the textile,

chemical and related industries support the association

as corporate members.

The association is recognized nationally and internationally for its standard methods of testing dyed and

chemically treated fibers and fabrics to measure such

performance characteristics as colorfastness to light

and washing, crease resistance, shrinkage, wash-andwear, water resistance, flammability and the many

other conditions to which textiles may be subjected.

Practically all of the textile dyes, finishes and many

chemicals produced in the United States are controlled

and checked by AATCC test methods. These test methods are a major factor in insuring the satisfactory

performance of the billions of yards of textiles that find

their way across the retail counters and into the hands

of the consumer. AATCC maintains cooperative relationships with

many other societies of kindred interests and with

departments and agencies of the Federal Government.

At the international level, the association participates

in the International Organization for Standardization

(ISO) and the Pan American Standards Commission

(COPANT) in an effort to bring about worldwide

uniformity in testing procedures.

The association publishes its journal. Textile Chemists and Colorists, issued monthly. The annual 400-

page Technical Manual contains the association's test methods. With its sister society in England, The

Society of Dyers and Colorists, AATCC collaborated

in the publication of the third edition of the five- volume Colour Index.

AMERICAN AUTOMOBILE ASSOCIATION,

1712 G Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The AAA was founded in 1902 and developed independently or in cooperation with other organizations, numerous standards and models for motor vehicle legislation in the states and cities, designed to promote

the safe and efficient movement of traffic. It developed

a Model Safety Responsibility Bill and cooperated

actively in the development of the Uniform Vehicle

Code and the Model Traffic Ordinance.

It developed a guide as to standards for state legislation on roadside development and control.

The association participated in the development of

standards for traffic signs, signals, markings, and

islands set forth in a Manual on Uniform Traffic

Control Devices.

The association has formulated a model ordinance

for municipal regulation of offstreet parking facilities. The association has developed proposed standards

of various types relating to increasing the safety and

convenience of pedestrians in traffic.

It has developed detailed methods and various proposed standards for training new drivers.

The AAA has representatives on committees of the

following organizations and associations: American

Society for Testing and Materials, American National

Standards Institute, Highway Research Board, Illuminating Engineering Society, National Safety Council,

and the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws

and Ordinances. A major purpose of most of these

committees is to develop standards which pertain to highway safety.

The association has developed, in cooperation with

other organizations, standards for the operation of

school safety patrols.

12
The association cooperates with other organizations

in the field of traffic law enforcement, traffic training

procedures, etc. AMERICAN BANKERS' ASSOCIATION,

1120 Connecticut Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

American Bankers' Association (ABA) was founded

July 20, 1875 to promote the general welfare and use- fulness of banks and banking institutions, and to secure uniformity of action, together with the practical

benefits to be derived from personal acquaintance, and

from the discussion of subjects of importance to the

banking and commercial interests of the country; and

especially in order to secure the proper consideration

of questions regarding the financial and commercial

usages, customs and laws which affect the banking

interests of the country.

The Standards Department of the association administers the standards activities. The scope of our standards are akin to the scope of the association in that

they are pursued to promote the general welfare of the

national banking community. The extent to which

they are followed nationally is difficult to determine

since standards are voluntary. However, the nature of our industry with the interchange necessity makes it a reasonable certainty to assume that the standards published by the association are followed by the U.S.

banking industry. ABA's published standards include:

(a) Bank Card Standards Manual—outlines physical

specifications of a bank card and defines data information and format; (b) MICR—standard for magnetic

ink character recognition to enhance processing ad

interchange MICR encoded checks. The standard puts

parameters on the physical size and weight of checks,

and specifies the location, content and signal level of

the encoding; (c) Committee on Uniform Security

Interchange Procedures—standard numbering system

used as the universal identifier of stock certificates ; and

(d) ABA Routing Number—standardized numbering

system used to identify and properly route check and

other such negotiable instruments.

The active Standards Committees are: (a) Banking

X9—an American National Standards Committee, for

which the association is secretariat, on the Standardization for Facilitating Domestic Banking Operations,

Subcommittees 1 —Bank Data Interchange, and 2

Bank Operations. In addition to X9, the association

actively participates on many other American National

Standards Committees, (b) Bank Card Task Force—

has published the Bank Card Standards Manual and

is continuing work in the area of magnetic stripe

encoding on bank cards, (c) ABA/FRS (Federal

Reserve System) Routing Number Task Force—this

committee reviews existing guidelines for the issuance, use and eligibility requirements of "the number" in

the current payments system environment, (d) CUSIP

Board—responsible for overseeing usage and issuance

of the CUSIP number to identify stock certificates. An

ABA staff representative works as secretary for this

board composed of members from interested industry

groups, (e) Bank Identification Number Directory—

the association is the interim registration authority for

the issuance and maintenance of the number used by

issuers of credit cards. The term "Bank" is a misnomer

since the number is used by other industries such as travel and entertainment, and airlines as well, (f)

SWIFT and (g) ISO—each explained under "International Participation."

Involvement with the Federal Government—The

association, at the request of the Florida Bankers

Association, was instrumental in forming a study of the

Florida Sear Project. This is a system of standardized

auditing reports being used by the State of Florida.

The Federal Reserve, Comptroller of the Currency,

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and

Conference of State Bank Examiners are presently

undergoing a study to determine whether this type of

arrangement is workable on a nationwide scale. ABA lists a published standard as a publication in

Aids to ABA, which is a compilation of the associations' publications. In addition, ABA conducts periodic

review and update of its standards to insure their use- fulness in the real world. Such a review is now underway on the ABA Routing Number Standard.

International participation of ABA consists of cooperation with the Society for Worldwide Interbank

Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) on the:

Board—responsible for developing plans for implementing an international bank communications net- work; Standards Committee—responsible for reviewing the work of the various working groups as to the

details of the standard; and U.S. Steering Committee —establish United States position on facets of the

standard as it progresses in formulation. The association, in addition, is active on many International Organization for Standardization committees where the

work affects the U.S. banking industry.

AMERICAN BOARD FOR CERTIFICATION

IN ORTHOTICS AND PROSTHETICS,

1440 N Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

The American Board for Certification in Orthotics

and Prosthetics was founded in 1948 in order to establish a credentials program for identifying orthotic and

prosthetic practitioners, as well as facilities, qualified

to render essential public health services related to

artificial limbs and braces. The board's activities are sponsored by the American Orthotic and Prosthetic

Association, the American Academy of Orthotists and

Prosthetists, and the American Academy of Orthopedic

Surgeons. In addition to setting standards for professional practice as three discrete levels of competence,

the board also is concerned with the accreditation of

qualified educational programs for the training of such

practitioners. Certification is granted at the technician,

assistant, and the professional practitioner levels in

the two disciplines of orthotics and prosthetics.

Accreditation of facilities is based upon evaluation of

physical layout of each location. Recommendations

from three medical references, and a site appraisal by

13
a competent practitioner. In many jurisdictions, facility

accreditation and personal certification is a requirement

for participation in state rehabilitation service

programs.

The three boards of the American Boards of Examiners in Speech Pathology and Audiology are: the

Education and Training Board, to whom ABESPA

has delegated the responsibility for receiving and evaluating applications for the accreditation of master's

degree programs in speech pathology and/ or audiology

and recommending to ABESPA that such accreditation be granted or withheld; the Professional Services

Board, to whom ABESPA has delegated the responsibility for receiving and evaluating applications for

accreditation in speech pathology and/or audiology

from clinical services programs and for recommending

to ABESPA as to whether such accreditation should

be granted or withheld ; and, finally, the Clinical Certification Board, to whom ABESPA has delegated the

responsibility for receiving and evaluating applications

for the Certificate of Clinical Competence in Speech

Pathology and/ or Audiology submitted by individuals

who wish to provide services to the communicatively

handicapped. Applicants for such certificates must not

only meet academic course work, clinical practicum,

and professional experience criteria in order to achieve

certification, they must also pass the National Examination in Speech Pathology and/or Audiology, prepared by the Clinical Certification Board for Administration as an area examination of the National Teacher

Examinations division of Educational Testing Service,

Princeton, New Jersey. The American Speech and

Hearing Association, through the American Boards

of Examiners in Speech Pathology and Audiology, is recognized as the sole accrediting agency for master's

degree programs in speech pathology and/or audiology

by the National Commission on Accrediting and the

Commissioner of the United States Office of Education. As of September 15, 1973, 85 master's degree

programs have been accredited in speech pathology

and/or audiology on the recommendation of the Education and Training Board; 575 clinical services programs have been accredited in speech pathology

and/or audiology on the recommendation of the Professional Services Board and 11,919 Certificates of

Clinical Competence in Speech Pathology and/or Audiology have been issued to individuals on the recom- mendation of the Clinical Certification Board.

THE AMERICAN BOARDS OF EXAMINERS

IN SPEECH PATHOLOGY AND

AUDIOLOGY,

American Speech and Hearing Association,

9030 Old Georgetown Road,

Washington, D.C. 20014

The American Boards of Examiners in Speech

Pathology and Audiology (ABESPA) of the American

Speech and Hearing Association was established in

1959 to formulate standards and procedures for the

determination of qualifications of individuals, organizations and institutions applying for Certificates of

Accreditation or Clinical Competence; to establish,

maintain and monitor Boards of Examiners responsible for arranging and conducting examinations to determine the qualifications of applicants for such

certificates; to grant and to issue appropriate certifi- cates; to maintain a registry of holders of such certifi- agencies, lists of individuals, organizations and insti- tutions who have been issued such certificates.

AMERICAN BOAT AND YACHT

COUNCIL, INC.,

15 East 26th Street, Room 1603,

New York, New York 10010

The American Boat and Yacht Council (ABYC) is an independent, nonprofit, membership organization

founded in 1954 to be broadly representative of recreational boating including members from industry, insur- ance, Government and the boating public. The

council's sole activity is the development of safety

standards and recommended practices for the design,

construction, equipage and maintenance of boats and

their related accessories. The standards are generated

by project technical committees and reviewed by the

ABYC Technical Board and Board of Directors prior

to publication.

The council has published about 60 standards in a

large looseleaf volume entitled Safety Standards for

Small Craft which is continuously updated with new

revisions and supplements. These standards provide a

basis for certification programs of other organizations

and also are used as source material by the U.S. Coast

Guard in their development of safety regulations under

the Boating Safety Act of 1971.

The current membership consists of over 700 individuals and about 30 corporations and associations. The

individual members work voluntarily through committees and boards to implement the boating safety standards program.

AMERICAN BOILER MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1500 Wilson Boulevard,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

This association, established in 1888, participates in

the following standardization work: (1) publication

by the Technical Committee, Packaged Firetube

Boiler Section, of ratings standards entitled Packaged

Firetube Boiler Ratings for Heating Boilers; (2) lexi- con of industry terminology, coal analysis and acces- sory product definitions; (3) acts as secretariat to the

National Fire Protection Association's Committee on

Boiler Furnace Explosions and the Sectional Committees on Public Utility Units, and Industrial Units.

Formerly: American Boiler Manufacturers Association and Affiliated Industries ( 1960 )

14
AMERICAN BOWLING CONGRESS,

5301 South 76th Street,

Greendale, Wisconsin 53129

The American Bowling Congress (ABC) was organized in 1895 as a nonprofit, noncommercial membership service organization for male bowlers. Its 4 million

members participate in leagues and tournaments sanc- tioned by the ABC in 50 states, Canada, Puerto Rico,

Bermuda, Grand Bahamas, Saudi Arabia and American military bases around the world. Its specifications

for playing equipment are used by the 8 million league

bowlers in the United States and Canada, including

women and children, and by the hundreds of thousands of players in the 45 countries that are members

of the Federation Internationale des Quilleurs, the

world bowling tournament organization headquartered

in Europe.

All bowling lanes (approximately 143,000 in 9,100

bowling centers) under the jurisdiction of the ABC

are certified annually by representatives of the 2,850

local bowling associations chartered by ABC. This means the lanes are measured and checked to make

sure their physical properties and dimensions corre- spond to ABC specifications, including such specifics as that no part of the 60 feet of playing surface from

foul line to head pin can be more than 40/lOOOths of an inch from perfect levelness. When found to meet all specifications, an ABC decal is issued for posting in

the establishment.

Additionally, the ABC maintains an equipment

testing and research department that works with new

products brought to it for consideration and also

maintains a constant check on products already in use. The department works with an official ABC New

Equipment Committee and also uses the services of an outside testing laboratory.

Over the years, in cooperation with manufacturers,

ABC testing and research has been instrumental in

the development of the plastic base for bowling pins,

the plastic coated and all-synthetic pins, the automatic

pinsetting machine, the automatic foul detector and

the plastic bowling ball. In the early 1950's, for example, the ABC conducted tests in more than 900,000

games of bowling before it approved the first plastic

coated bowling pin. A number of criteria had to be

met among them that the application of plastic to a maple core would not change the scoreability in comparison to the all-wood pin, that it would be at least as durable and that it would not affect the playability

of the game.

Standardization has been a keynote of tenpin bowling. The height of a pin 38.10 cm (15 in), the circumference of a ball 68.58 cm (27 in) and many, many

other specifications have remained unchanged since

the ABC was organized in 1895. Synthetics have been

accepted only after having met rigid test under league

conditions and passing the major philosophical test, "Is it good for the game?" Change has not been made

merely for the sake of change.

Equipment specifications are printed annually in the

ABC Constitution, Rules and Specifications book.

Results of tests and proceedings of the New Equipment Committee are reported to officers, directors and

delegates in annual convention session, in the ABC

Annual Report and periodically in Bowling, the offi- cial monthly magazine. A list of pins approved for use

in ABC sanctioned competition is carried monthly in

the latter. Absorbed: As Seniors Division: United States Seniors Bowling Association. (1964)

AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING,

45 Broad Street,

New York, New York 10004

This bureau is an international ship classification

society and nonprofit corporation organized under the

laws of the State of New York, in 1862. It has no

stockholders and pays no dividends. The bureau's work

may be briefly summarized as follows: (1) the preparation of standards, called "rules" for the construction

of hulls and machinery of merchant ships, including

material specifications and regulations for periodical

surveys. The rules are published annually and are modified to keep pace with developments in shipbuilding and marine engineering; (2) the analysis of plans

of vessels projected to be built, or conversions of

existing vessels, to verify if they meet the standards set by the rules; (3) the verification of the building to approved plans of the new hull and its main machinery, boilers and vital auxiliaries, and the conversion of

existing vessels; (4) the witnessing of the testing of

materials of construction for hull and machinery as required by the rules; (5) the carrying out of periodic

and damage surveys as called for by the rules; (6)

the carrying out of load line surveys, safety equipment

surveys, radio-telegraphy surveys and the issuance of

tonnage certificates, all under the authority of various

governments and international conventions; (7) the

annual publication of the Record of the American

Bureau of Shipping which contains essential details of

hull and machinery and survey status of bureau-classed

vessels and others; (8) the issuance of certificates of

character for bureau-classed vessels, i.e., classification certificates, seaworthy certificates, confirmation of

class certificates, etc.; and (9) the issuance of cargo

gear registers.

The operations of the bureau are worldwide in scope.

Offices are maintained in the principal seaports and

shipbuilding centers of the world. These offices are

staffed with experienced ship surveyors.

The bureau maintains technical committees in the

United States, Belgium, Great Britain, France Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Greece, Scandinavia, and Spain.

THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, INC.,

65 Ceramic Drive,

Columbus, Ohio 43214

The American Ceramic Society, founded in 1899 at Columbus, Ohio, under the leadership of Edward

Orton, Jr., has more than 10,000 members and sub15
scribers in 62 countries. The main function of the

society is to disseminate scientific and technical

ceramic information. This is done primarily through

the society's publications and numerous yearly

meetings.

The Society's divisions are: Basic Science, Cements,

Ceramic-Metal Systems, Electronics, Glass, Materials

and Equipment, Nuclear, Refractories, Structural Clay

Products, and White Wares. It also has committees on

Classification, Nomenclature and Standards. These

committees cooperate with the American Society for

Testing and Materials, American National Standards

Institute, National Safety Council (Glass and Ceramic

Section) as well as with U.S. Government agencies in

the development of methods of test and standards

related to ceramic materials and products. The sponsoring organizations and agencies are responsible for

promulgating the standards. The Ceramic Educational

Council and the National Institute of Ceramic Engineers, classes within the society, are concerned with

objective criteria in engineering education and professional ethics and status respectively.

AMERICAN CHAIN ASSOCIATION,

101 Second Avenue North,

Room 203,

St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

The American Chain Association was formerly the

American Chain Sprocket Chain Manufacturers' Association, which was the successor to the Association of

Roller and Silent Chain Manufacturers' and Malleable

Chain Manufacturers' Institute. This organization is interested in standardization of dimensions of roller,

silent, engineering steel and malleable iron chains,

sprockets and wheels for the purpose of securing interchangeability, and also in standard recommendations

for power capacity and speed for these chains. Subcommittees of engineers are appointed from time to time to deal with specified subjects, and their work is reviewed and approved by the entire association. The

association does not publish standards, preferring to sponsor standards for adoption through the procedures

of the American National Standards Institute

(ANSI). It cooperates with the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers, Society of Automotive Engieers, American Petroleum Institute, Conveyor Equipment Manufacturers' Association, and the American

Gear Manufacturers' Association in standardization

matters of mutual interest. ANSI standards covering

chain include the following: B29.1 through B29.14.

Working through ANSI, the association participates

in the work of Technical Committee 100 of the Inter- national Organization for Standardization.

AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS,

55 East Erie Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

The college is the only organization responsible at the national level for the standardization and approval

of hospital cancer programs in the United States. The

college cooperates with other recognized national

medical organizations in the accreditation of hospitals

and in the approval of graduate training programs in

general surgery and the surgical specialties. Since

1953, the college has been engaged in a cooperative

effort to standardize hospital statistical procedures and

methods and to develop a method to evaluate the

quality of patient care in hospitals. The college was

founded in 1913 as a voluntary, nonprofit association

of surgeons of the United States and Canada. It has

34,000 members (Fellows).

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE,

22400 West Seven Mile Road,

Detroit, Michigan 48219

Since its organization in 1905, this institute has

been devoted to the solution of technical problems

related to the design, construction, and maintenance

of concrete and reinforced concrete structures and to the dissemination of information in this field. More than 84 technical committees study specialized problems through the evaluation of published

information, reports of research, and majority opinion

based on field practices leading to the development of

committee reports. The eventual aim of committee

activity is the evolution of the committee reports into

standards after discussion by the institute membership and consideration by the Standards Board and

letter ballot of the members.

Institute standards are confined to specifications

and recommended practices related to structures as a

whole. Standardization of basic materials and "overthe-counter" components are deliberately excluded

from the scope of its standardization procedures.

Current standards of the institute are building code

requirements for reinforced concrete; manual of

standard practice for detailing reinforced concrete

structures; notation for concrete; structural plain concrete for buildings; specifications for concrete chimneys and for concrete pavements and bases; and

cast-in-place nonreinforced concrete pipe; minimum

standard requirements for precast concrete floor and

roof units; and recommended practices for evaluation

of strength test results of field concrete; design of

concrete pavements, winter and hot weather concret- ing; selecting proportions for normalweight, lightweight, and noslump concrete; measuring, mixing,

and placing concrete; application of portland cement

base paint to concrete surfaces; inspection of concrete;

formwork for concrete; thin-shell precast concrete;

curing concrete; consolidation of concrete; shotcreting; and atmospheric pressure steam curing of

concrete. The application of these standards is supplemented by more detailed information in such publications as ACI Manual of Concrete Inspection, Strength

Design Handbook, Reinforced Concrete Design Handbook, and Formwork for Concrete.

Work is in progress on a new standard on concrete

highway bridge decks and the updating and revising

of several previous standards.

16
The institute cooperates in related standardization

work with the American National Standards Institute, American Society for Testing and Materials,

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the

American Welding Society.

Formerly: National Association of Cement Users

(1913).

AMERICAN CONCRETE PAVING

ASSOCIATION,

1211 West 22na Street,

Oak Brook, Illinois 60523

The American Concrete Paving Association (ACPA)

was formed in 1964 as a national organization

representing the concrete paving industry. Its membership includes contractors, equipment manufacturers, suppliers of materials and essential services to the

concrete paving industry, and allied associations and

individuals. The high standards to which this nonprofit

organization aspires are reflected in its statement of

purpose: "To develop a source of information that will

maintain and improve quality of workmanship; to promote and advance the use of proven new developments and improved equipment and construction

methods; to diligently act upon all needs to achieve

the highest interests and quality performance of the

concrete industry."

The association's standardization activities are carried out by its Technical Committee which is made

up of subcommittees concentrating on specific facets

of concrete paving for roads, streets, and airports. The

Technical Committee issues recommendations on the

design and construction of concrete pavements. It reviews concrete pavement specifications for Federal

agencies such as the Federal Highway Administration,

Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers, and U.S. Navy, plus state highway departments.

ACPA is also active in the standardization work of

other national associations such as the American Concrete Institute, American Road Builders' Association,

and Highway Research Board.

ACPA recommendations are published in technical

bulletins and special publications.

AMERICAN CONCRETE PIPE ASSOCIATION,

1501 Wilson Boulevard,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The American Concrete Pipe Association (ACPA) is an international trade association, founded in 1907, to represent the precast concrete pipe industry in all matters affecting the industry's welfare. The scope of

the association includes activities in the areas of

research, product specifications, technical services,

promotion and advertising, education, safety, government and legislative liaison and the publication of

technical and industry information.

Thirteen standards have been developed for precast

concrete pipe and these cover small diameter nonreinforced circular pipe; reinforced circular pipe; pipe

for irrigation or drainage; reinforced low-head pres- sure pipe; drain tile; joints for circular sewer and

culvert pipe, using flexible, watertight rubber gaskets;

perforated pipe; precast manhole sections; tests to determine the physical properties of concrete pipe or

tile; nonreinforced irrigation pipe with rubber gasket

joints; reinforced arch pipe; reinforced horizontal and

vertical elliptical pipe; and a specification for reinforced concrete D-load culvert, storm drain, and sewer

pipe.

ACPA cooperates with Federal, state and local

government agencies and other specifying agencies to promote the use of these standards. The association

also publishes technical information on the hydraulic

and structural design and instaUation of concrete pipe

for sewers, culverts, irrigation and drainage. This is augmented by the conduct and participation in technical seminars for producers, consumers and general

interest groups.

AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF

GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS,

P.O. Box 1937,

Cincinnati, Ohio 45201

This conference, founded in 1938, is a national professional association of practicing industrial hygiene

personnel in Federal, state, and local agencies.

Through its committees, the ACGIH assembles guides,

recommended practices, and methods for the evaluation and control of the industrial environment.

The conference publishes an annual listing, Threshold Limit Values, containing TLVs for over 500 sub- stances (mostly chemicals and chemical compounds)

in dusts, fumes, gases, vapors, mists, and physical

agents. The values, which are under continuous

review, are used as guides in the control of health

hazards and should not be regarded as fine lines

between safe and dangerous concentrations. Several

states, the U.S. Department of Labor, and the British

Ministry of Labour incorporate the TLVs in codes or

regulations.

The Manual of Recommended Analytical Methods

describes chemical procedures and techniques for

analysis of airborne contaminants (inplant as opposed

to air pollution) which can be performed without

expensive specialized equipment. Fifteen methods

have been published to date and are verified in a number of cooperating laboratories.

The conference also publishes Industrial Ventilation —A Manual of Recommended Practice. This manual

is a practical reference for the design and construction

of ventilation exhaust systems. Basic ventilation principles are discussed and there are about 150 illustra- tions. Other guides and manuals are published as appropriate.

17
AMERICAN CONGRESS ON SURVEYING

AND MAPPING,

733 - 15th Street NW.,

Suite 430,

Washington, D.C. 20005

The American Congress on Surveying and Mapping

(ACSM), established in 1941, has operated as a national nonprofit membership organization of more

than 6000 professionals in the field of land surveying,

control surveying (including geodesy), and cartography. It is incorporated in the District of Columbia.

Membership in ACSM is through one of three professional Divisions on Land Surveys, Control Surveys,

and Cartography. Technical work is accomplished by

committees within the divisions. Professional level

committees under ACSM consider problems involving

all three divisions. National contacts are maintained

through 46 institutionally affiliated state land surveyor

societies and through 26 geographical sections of

ACSM.

ACSM is a participating member of the National

Council of Engineering Examiners (NCEE), the Inter- national Federation of Surveyors (IFS), and the

International Cartographic Association (ICA), and

maintains liaison with the National Research Council

(Division of Earth Sciences), the American Society of

Photogrammetry, and the American Society of Civil

Engineers.

ACSM has nationally issued Technical Standards for

Property Surveys, Minimum Standard Detail Requirements and Land Title Surveys, and National Guidelines for the Procedure and Requirements of Performing Mortgage Inspections.

Promotion of ACSM standards is by liaison with

other professional societies and publicity via pages of

ACSM publications: Surveying and Mapping, ACSM

Bulletin, and ACSM's The American Cartographer.

AMERICAN COUNCIL OF INDEPENDENT

LABORATORIES, INC.,

1725 K Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The American Council of Independent Laboratories,

Inc. (ACIL) was established in 1937. It is a professional association of independent scientific laboratories. Its membership includes many of the leading

testing and inspection firms in the United States, some

of which operate also in Mexico, Central America,

Japan and Canada.

ACIL promotes standards of ethics employed by

independent laboratories in special fields of interest

and activity. These include sampling, inspection,

physical or nondestructive testing and chemical

analysis of raw, intermediate and finished materials

and products; research and development; the improvement of products or processes; the quality control

of composition and performance; and professional

consulation in various fields of scientific technology.

These are published periodically by ACIL and are

available from the council.

ACIL's Committee on Laboratory Qualification has

produced a standard entitled, Recommended Requirements for Independent Laboratory Qualification. This

standard encompasses a quality control system for

personnel and equipment evaluation as well as calibration and standardization in the system.

ACIL does not write standards for products or materials but its members participate in writing test procedures and methodology in other standards-writing organizations.

ACIL has cooperated on standard programs with

the National Bureau of Standards; Department of

Defense and particularly the Army Corps of Engineers; General Services Administration; Department

of Transportation; Department of Housing and Urban

Development; Department of Labor, Occupational

Safety and Health Administration; Department of

Health, Education and Welfare; Food and Drug

Administration; and the Department of Agriculture.

Many of our member firms work on certification

programs for Government agencies but the ACIL itself does not conduct certification work except for a minor

program with the Food and Drug Administration that

involved training for certain selected personnel.

From its founding in 1937 until 1954, the council was known as the American Council of Commercial

Laboratories.

AMERICAN CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC

ASSOCIATION,

335 East 45th Street,

New York, New York 10017

The American Crystallographic Association (ACA)

was founded in 1949 by merger of the Crystallographic Society of America and the American Society for

X-Ray and Electron Difl^raction. The objective of the

association is to promote the study of the arrangement

of the atoms in matter, its causes, its nature and its consequences, and of the tools and methods used in

such studies.

Prevalent notions of the nature of the scientific role

played by the modern crystallographer are apt to be

both foggy and erroneous. The present-day crystallographer, like his predecessors, is interested in the form

and symmetry of ideal crystals as well as in the

growth of crystals and the measurement of their

physical properties. However, the range of his interests encompasses vastly more than this. He apprehends nearly all solid objects as being more or less fully crystalline, and he uses the powerful techniques

of X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction to establish

their lattice types and to determine the positions of

their constituent atoms in the lattice. He is aware

that actual crystals deviate more or less from ideality,

and he devotes much effort to diagnosing the nature

and extent of the imperfections prevailing in the

actual structures of crystals.

Such quantitative studies of crystalline structure require prodigious amounts of mathematical calculations, which are, however, quite feasible because of

the present accessibility of large electronic computers.

18
Thus we find crystallographers unravelling the atomic

arrangements and molecular structures of such

diverse substances as minerals, metals and alloys,

building materials, antibiotics, proteins, transistors,

missile materials, and polymers. A great many crystallographers are busy extending our fundamental

knowledge in these areas, while a much greater number are engaged in the technological applications and

to a small extent standardize some of the instrumentation used in their field. The Apparatus and Standards Committee has

promulgated standards for camera tracks, and bases

and has adopted dimensional specifications for goniometer heads.

An ACA appointed representative serves as a liaison

to the National Bureau of Standards for the issuance

of Crystal Data. Although this compiled publication is not exactly a standard, it does give a quite complete

list of crystalline substances as identified from unit

cell dimensions.

AMERICAN DEFENSE PREPAREDNESS

ASSOCIATION,

Union Trust Building,

15th and H Streets NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

Founded in 1919 as the Army Ordnance Association, then after changing its name to American

Ordnance Association in 1948, this organization

assumed its current name in 1973. The successive

name changes reflect its ever expanding area of

interest.

Included within the technical divisions of the ADPA,

in addition to divisions covering all types of armament

systems, are the following: standards and metrology;

materials; mobilization readiness; quality and reliability; technical documentation; value engineering;

safety; and the packaging, handling, and transportation functions.

AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION,

211 East Chicago Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

This association (ADA), through first its Council on

Dental Research and now through its Council on

Dental Materials and Devices, has had a specification

and certification program for dental materials and

devices since 1928. To date, 25 specifications and 5

standards, national in scope, have been adopted. The

council acts as administrative secretariat and sponsor

of American National Standards Committee Z156 for

Dental Materials and Devices which acts as the

principal consultant to the Council on Dental Materials

and Devices in revision and formulation of ADA

specifications for dental materials and devices with

submission to American National Standards Institute

(ANSI) for adoption as American National Standards.

In addition the ADA acts as proprietary sponsor on a

project to handle standards for dental radiographic

film. All of the ADA specifications and standards have

been adopted as American National Standards. The

ADA also sponsors participation of ANSI in activities

of the International Organization for Standardization

(ISO) Technical Committee 106 on Dentistry and

acts as secretariat for ANSI for Working Group 2 of

ISO/TC-106. Thus, the ADA works bo'th nationally

and internationally in the formulation of standards for

dental materials and devices.

The association also operates two evaluation programs: a certification program based upon the

physical standards, and an acceptance program based

upon proof of biological and clinical safety and

effectiveness. The certification program involves the

testing by ADA of materials certified by manufacturers

to comply with specifications of the ADA. If found to comply with the specification the product is added to either the List of Certified Dental Materials and

Devices for the certification program, or the List of

Classified Dental Materials and Devices for the

acceptance program.

The Guide to Dental Materials and Devices, published biannually by ADA and of about 300 pages,

gives pertinent information on dental materials and

devices, details about specification and evaluation

programs, the specifications and the lists of certified

and classified dental materials and devices. Over 700

products currently are listed. Formerly: National Dental Association (1897-

1922).

Absorbed: Southern Dental Association (1897).

AMERICAN DENTAL TRADE ASSOCIATION,

1140 Connecticut Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

This association was founded in 1882. For the past

40 years the association has maintained a Standard

Manual of Accounting for Dental Dealers which is revised about every five years to keep it up to date

with modern accounting practices and procedures.

AMERICAN DIE CASTING INSTITUTE,

366 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

This institute (ADCI) was founded in 1923, as a

service to the customers of the die casting industry.

ADCI publishes Product Standards for Die Castings

to guide designers and engineers to the most economical use of die castings. These product standards are not intended as maximal specifications. The information set forth is based on normal practices of the die

casting industry which, if followed, can bring about

the production of serviceable and quality die castings on the most economical basis. Product Standards for

Die Castings is composed of three series covering

engineering, metallurgical and commercial practice

data. A quality control series was introduced in 1973.

19
AMERICAN DRY MILK INSTITUTE,

130 North Franklin Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

The American Dry Milk Institute (ADMI), established in 1928, is a national trade association of dry

milk manufacturers. The purposes are: to stimulate

and conduct research and educational work for the

education of the public and consumer as to the character, quality, convenience, economy and general

virtue of dry milk products and related products, and

to promote the use and consumption of such products,

and collect and disseminate such statistics and information as will further such purposes.

The standardization activities are from 25-30 percent of the total ADMI program. Active committees

contributing to the standardization program are the

Buttermilk, Dry Whole Milk, the Instant Nonfat Dry

Milk, and Standards/Research Committees. ADMI is internationally involved, as advisable, with the Codex

Alimentarius.

ADMI is also involved in standardization with the

U.S. Department of Agriculture, the National Bureau

of Standards, and the Food and Drug Administration.

ADMI has no certification program activities. ADMI

has issued standards on product definition and

nomenclature; specifications and grade classification;

and promotes the use of its standards through publications and publicity.

AMERICAN ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPfflC

SOCIETY,

36391 Maple Grove Road,

WiUoughby Hills, Ohio 44094

The American Electroencephalographic Society was

founded in 1946. The bylaws of this society state that,

"The purposes of this Society shall be to promote

personal contacts between investigators in Electroencephalography and in closely related fields of

interest, and between this society and other similar

societies throughout the world, thus facilitating the

exchange of scientific and professional information

and opinions; to further in this way the greater

understanding and knowledge of electroencephalography and related studies; to arrange for the exchange

of journals and other public data in these fields, and

to review manuscripts for any interested publication;

to assist in the formation of international committees

or the establishment of uniform standards, techniques, and procedure throughout the world; to assist

in setting up standards for training, examination,

and qualification of clinical electroencephalographers

and technicians, and to draw up minimum specifications for apparatus used, in order that high standards

of clinical electroencephalography may be established

and maintained."

Currently, the society has 620 members. The

membership is composed primarily of physicians and

Ph.D. scientists. The physician members are primarily

neurologists and psychiatrists. The Ph.D. are primarily

psychologists and neurophysiologists.

AMERICAN ELECTROPLATERS' SOCIETY,

56 Melmore Gardens,

East Orange, New Jersey 07017

This society founded in 1909, is actively interested

in standards pertaining to electroplated coatings. It relies on the work of American Society for Testing

and Materials (ASTM) Committee B-8 on Electrodeposited Metallic Coatings and endorses the standards prepared by Committee B-8, whose members

are for the most part, members of the American

Electroplaters' Society. Formal representation is also

maintained on ASTM Committees A-5 on Corrosion of

Iron and Steel, D-19 on Industrial Water, and B-7 on

the Anodic Oxidation of Aluminum and Magnesium

Alloys, as well as American National Standards

Institute Committee Z9 on Safety Codes for Exhaust

Systems.

Formerly: National Electro-Platers' Association of

the United States and Canada ( 1913)

.

AMERICAN FEED MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1701 North Fort Myer Drive,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The association is the national trade association of

the animal feed manufacturing industry, which is one

of the nation's 20 largest manufacturing industries.

The association was founded in 1909 and carries out

substantial activities in the fields of transportation,

animal nutrition, feed production, state and Federal

legislation and regulations, liquid feed, computers,

public relations, state and Federal feed control,

marketing, purchasing, environmental controls, occu- pational safety and health, and market research.

The association cooperates very closely with the

Association of American Feed Control Officials. The

two organizations work together and have developed a model state feed law, and model state feed regulations. The objective is to bring as much uniformity as possible into the state feed laws and regulations. Every

state but one has legislation which regulates the

production and distribution of commercial feed.

AFMA also cooperates closely with the U.S. Food and

Drug Administration in its enforcement of the Federal

Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.

AMERICAN FISHING TACKLE

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

20 North Waeker Drive,

Suite 2014,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

American Fishing Tackle Manufacturers' Association (AFTMA) was founded in 1933. The basic objective of AFTMA is to educate, guide, and assist the

members of the association in matters of common

interest so that the members shall maintain a high

standard of conduct, efficiency, and usefulness to the

industry, to the Government, and to the public.

The fly line standards which were administered by

20
the AFTMA Fly Line Standards Committee, are universal standards which were prepared in cooperation

with the American Casting Association and the

International Casting Federation. These standards are

universally accepted by the manufacturers of fly lines. AFTMA supplied each manufacturer with these standards for packaging with their fly lines. AMERICAN FOOTWEAR INDUSTRIES

ASSOCIATION,

1611 North Kent Street,

Arlington,Virginia 22209

The American Footwear Industries Association

(AFIA) has developed recommended manufacturing

standards for the United States footwear industry.

These standards relate to the lasts on which the shoes

are produced and thus affect all related components.

They now refer to both men's and women's shoes.

Each recommendation has been based on a consenus

after a study by working parties and a review by the

AFIA Technical Committee on Standards.

The standards will be of great benefit to the con- sumer as well as to the footwear manufacturer. It will

provide the consumer with a more consistent product

as well as contribute to the widest possible choice in

shoe styling, shoe construction, and materials. The

recommended standards will create greater opportunities for all footwear manufacturers to assure product

improvement and to create greater operator efficiency.

Formerly: National Boot and Shoe Manufacturers'

Association; National Shoe Manufacturers' Association

(1965); National Footwear Manufacturers' Association (1969) ; and American Footwear Manufacturers'

Association (1972).

AMERICAN FOUNDRYMEN'S SOCIETY,

Golf and Wolf Roads,

Des Plaines, Illinois 60016

The American Foundrymen's Society was founded

in 1896. With the exception of standards which the

society has developed for the evaluation of foundry

sands, standardization has been carried out in cooperation with the American Society for Testing and

Materials (ASTM) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) by the appointment of representatives to serve on committees of these

organizations.

Realizing the need for having industry-developed

foundry process codes, it has continued its activities

in the fields of safety, hygiene, and air pollution

control. Currently, at the request of the Government

and in conjunction with ANSI, the society is writing

vertical safety standards, which will be followed at a

later date by noise and ventilation standards. As a

result of its program in environmental affairs, the

society has published Control of Internal Foundry

Environment. This publication is comprised of 12

basic sections on the subjects of: (a) Visual Environment—Light and Color; (b) Heat Stress and

Nonionizing Radiation; (c) General Principles of

Foundry Ventilation; (d) Exhaust Systems and Hood

Design; (e) Design of Sand-Handling Systems; (f)

Molding, Coremaking and Pattern-making; (g) Melting and Pouring; (h) Cleaning Room; (i) Maintenance, Fans and Testing Ventilation Systems; (j)

Industrial Hygiene; (k) Ionizing Radiations; and (1) Control of Noise.

A second volume to be published will be based on

foundry environmental control outside of the shop

and will concern itself with air pollution control,

water pollution control, neighborhood noise and similar environmental subjects.

As a result of representation on a sizable number

of technical committees of ASTM, it has cooperated

in the development of specifications dealing with both

cast metallic and nonmetallic materials covering a broad range of commodities.

AFS is indirectly involved with the International

Organization for Standardization through the American National Standards Institute and also internationally involved with the International Committee of

Foundry Technical Associations which in a sense has some influence on standardization.

The society's involvement with standards has

always been on a national basis or with technical

standards affecting the entire industry, many of which

are used outside of this country.

Formerly: Foundrymen's Association (1948).

AMERICAN GAS ASSOCIATION,

Headquarters: 1515 Wilson Boulevard,

Arlington, Virginia 22209;

Standardization Laboratories,

8501 East Pleasant Valley Road,

Cleveland, Ohio 44131

The American Gas Association (AGA), a trade asso- ciation of the gas distribution industry in the United

States was established in 1918. The association coordinates gas industry activities concerning research,

standardization and information related to the production, distribution and utilization of gas. A committee of the Board of Directors of the

American Gas Association supervises the association's

participation in the development of national standards

for gas utilization equipment, installation of gas utili- zation equipment, and gas operating equipment and

supplies. Under the direction of this AGA Standards

Committee, the American Gas Association functions

as secretariat to four independent American National

Standards Committees operating under the principles

established by the American National Standards Insti- tute (ANSI) and the membership of each committee

is of a balanced representation in accordance with

ANSI's procedures. Support of American National

Standards Committees comprises less than one percent

of the association's activities. American National Standards Committee Z21 is responsible for developing and maintaining standards

for domestic type gas equipment and some types of

commercial gas equipment and presently has 18 subcommittees which develop and maintain 45 existing

21
Z21 standards covering a variety of gas-burning appli- ances, related accessories and certain installations. As

necessary, this committee authorizes its subcommittees

or appoints additional subcommittees to develop standards for new types of gas utilization equipment within

its scope. New or revised draft standards developed by

these subcommittees, following distribution for review

and comment to all known interested parties, are reviewed by the Z21 committee and, if approved, are submitted to the American National Standards Insti- tute for consideration for approval as American

National Standards.

American National Standards Committee Z83 is responsible for developing and maintaining standards

for industrial types of gas equipment and presently has

four technical subcommittees which develop and maintain six Z83 standards covering several types of gas

equipment and certain installations. This Z83 committee and its subcommittees function in much the same manner as the Z21 committee and the standards developed are submitted to the American National Standards Institute.

American National Standards Committee Z223 is responsible for developing and maintaining a National

Fuel Gas Code which covers gas piping systems having

a maximum operating pressure of 60 psig and the

installation of gas utilization equipment, related accessories, and their ventilation and venting on customer's

premises. The standards developed by this committee

are submitted to the American National Standards

Institute.

American National Standards Committee B109 is responsible for developing and maintaining standards

for gas displacement metering. The standards developed

by this committee are submitted to the American

National Standards Institute.

The composition of these independent American

National Standards Committees include representation from gas companies, manufacturing interests.

Federal Government agencies, insurance companies,

and other organizations which have expressed an interest in a particular committee's activities. It is through

its support of these independent standards-making

committees, which have representation from several

agencies of the Federal Government, that the American

Gas Association is only indirectly involved in standardization activities with the Federal Government.

The American Gas Association also operates and

maintains a nationally recognized certification program

for gas equipment. This certification program is con- ducted by AGA Testing Laboratories in Cleveland,

Ohio, and Los Angeles, California. Under this certifi- cation program, gas equipment is submitted to the

AGA Laboratories voluntarily by manufacturers for

test under applicable American National Standards,

the laboratories certify those designs found to comply

with the standards, and regular inspections are made

to monitor construction in accordance with the design

certified. Those appliances and appliance accessories

certified by the AGA Laboratories carry the certification seal or the listing symbol of the American Gas

Association and are included in the AGA Laboratories'

Directory of Certified Appliances and Accessories,

which is updated in monthly supplements.

Formed by merger of: Gas Institute; National Commercial Gas Association (1918).

AMERICAN GEAR MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1330 Massachusetts Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

This association was founded in 1916; its membership includes a majority of the principal manufacturers

of gears, speed reducers and increasers in the United

States and Canada.

One of the objectives of American Gear Manufacturers' Association (AGMA) is the creation and maintenance of gearing standards. These standards are intended to create a common-language bridge between

the manufacturer, designer, and user so that they may

better understand one another to the end that the

gears will fit the users' needs.

These standards cover such areas as: gear industry

nomenclature; gear specification drawings; hobs and

shaper-cutters ; application classification of gear motors

and other types of speed reducers; standards on tooth

form geometry; strength and durability formulas;

inspection methods and practices; gear blank materials; lubrication of open or enclosed gearing; design

and rating of speed reducers; spur, helical, herringbone, worm, bevel, fine pitch, aircraft, rocket, and missile gears. About 50 percent of the association's program is expended on its standardization activities.

Currently there are 80 AGMA standards that are considered national in scope. The active standards committees are included in the Annual AGMA Directory.

Among the best gear-engineering brains in the

United States and Canada representing manufacturers,

designers and users, as well as teachers of mechanical

engineering and the gear art in the major universities

have contributed to the creation of this literature.

AGMA has always maintained close liaison with the

American National Standards Institute (ANSI), American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Society of Automotive Engineers, Metal Cutters' Institute, Cooling

Tower Institute, Machinery and Allied Products Institute, National Machine Tool Builders' Association,

American Petroleum Institute, and other such technical organizations. Recently AGMA has agreed to participate in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), through the facilities of ANSI. From

time to time AGMA participates with the Federal

Government in standardization activities, specifically,

the Naval Ships Engineering Center in Hyattsville,

Maryland.

AMERICAN GEM SOCIETY,

3142 Wilshire Boulevard,

Los Angeles, California 90005

This society numbers among its committees a Nomenclature Committee, whose personnel consist

primarily of retail jewelers throughout the United

22
States and Canada, and advisory groups of diamond

importers and jewelry manufacturers. This committee

considers recommendations from its members in the

various branches of the trade, and makes recommendations regarding definitions, standards, and practices

for consideration and adoption by the entire membership of the society at its annual meetings. In carrying

forth its work, this committee cooperates with the

recommendations and rules of the Jewelers' Vigilance

Committee, National Association of Better Business

Bureaus and its affiliated bodies, and the Federal Trade

Commission.

AMERICAN HARDBOARD ASSOCIATION,

20 North Waeker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

This association, organized in 1952, comprises nine

domestic companies operating 24 plants and represents

approximately 90 percent of the domestic production

of hardboard.

In cooperation with the Office of Engineering

Standards Services of the National Bureau of Standards, the association assisted in the promulgation of

three new Voluntary Product Standards: Basic Hardboard, PS58-73; Prefinished Hardboard Paneling,

PS59-73; and Hardboard Siding, PS60-73; issued in

1973 and which succeeded former Commercial Standards CS252-63 and CS176-58.

Formerly: Hardboard Association (1959).

AMERICAN HOME ECONOMICS

ASSOCIATION,

2010 Massachusetts Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

This association, founded in 1909, is an educational

and scientific organization of approximately 50,000

men and women; 35,000 with bachelors or advanced

degrees in home economics or one of its specializations, and 15,000 college student members enrolled in undergraduate programs in home economics. Its purpose is to improve the quality and standards of individual and family life through education, research,

cooperative programs, and public information.

AHEA is the administrative secretariat of the American National Standard Z61. 1-1970—Dimensions, Tolerances, and Terminology for Home Cooking and

Baking Utensils. In addition, the association expresses

its interest in standards through representation on the

American National Metric Council and the American

National Standards Institute's Consumer Council.

Miscellaneous Technical Advisory Board, Textile

Technical Advisory Board, and the following committees dealing with such subjects as household refrigerators, electric ranges, textile test methods, and heat

producing portable household appliances. AHEA is represented on two International Organization for

Standardization committees: ISO/TC 133, Clothing

Sizes: and ISO/TC 38, Textiles.

AHEA works closely with the National Bureau of

Standards (NBS) and assisted in developing the Voluntary Product Standard PS 54-72, Body Measurements for the Sizing of Girls' Apparel, and other

standards by NBS.

AMERICAN HOME LIGHTING INSTITUTE,

230 North Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60601

This institute (AHLI), founded in 1940, is composed of manufacturers of residential lighting fixtures,

distributor showrooms and component parts manufacturers. The AHLI introduced its Minimum Light for Living Standards for houses and apartments in 1957 and

revised them in 1965. With comfort, beauty, con- venience and security as criteria, the standards

recommend locations and wattages for lighting fixtures

for various rooms and exterior.

The standards are cited as a guide in the Minimum

Property Standards for One and Two Family Dwellings of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban

Development, Federal Housing Administration. They

are recommended in the National Minimum Medallion Home Standards, and are widely required as a qualification for the medallion.

Builders who meet the standards qualify for the

Light for Living Award of the American Home Lighting Institute.

The standards are continually reprinted or quoted in numerous publications. The AHLI distributes single

and bulk copies to builders, electrical contractors,

architects, interior designers, lighting consultants,

home service advisors and consumers.

AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION,

840 North Lake Shore Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

"Better health care for all the people" is the goal of

the American Hospital Association, which was

founded in 1898. In support of this goal, the association provides education, research and representation

services for 7,000 institutional and 17.000 personal

members.

The Bureau of Management and Planning, through

its Division of Design and Construction, has primary

responsibility for standardization activities related to hospital supplies, equipment and facilities. The association maintains liaison with over 30 national organizations and Government agencies concerned with the

development of standards. Government agencies

include the National Bureau of Standards, Secretariat

of the National Conference of States on Building

Codes and Standards, and appropriate agencies within

the Departments of Health, Education and Welfare,

and the Department of Labor. In representing the

hospital industry, the association seeks the development of standards which create the least expense for

member institutions without compromising safety.

Liaison activities include recommendation, review

and revision of standards after consultation with membership and the appropriate agency or organization.

23
The association has been active in the development of

standards for all manner of hospital supplies, equipment and facilities, including bedding materials, clini- cal and surgical instruments, electrical fixtures and

disposal systems. Concerns range from flammability,

to structural integrity to infection control—all those

factors which pose a threat to the safety of hospital

patients and employees.

Formerly: Association of Hospital Superintendents

of United States and Canada (1906)

.

AMERICAN HOT DIP GALVAMZERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1000 Vermont Avenue,

Washington, D.C. 20005

This association was founded in 1935. The objectives of this association are to improve the efficiency of

the after-fabrication galvanizing industry, to encourage

the application of the latest advances in technology,

and to promote the wider use of hot dip galvanized

products.

The association supports and maintains extensive

technical and market development programs on the

evaluation and application of new materials and techniques to existing and emerging markets. It also maintains an active participative interest in the preparation

of codes, specifications, and recommended practices.

The association serves as the focal point for technically related inquiries from both the industry and

from users of hot dip galvanized products.

The association is represented on American Society

for Testing and Materials subcommittees concerned

with development and review of specifications for galvanizing and corrosion protection. It is also a member

of the American Road Builders' Association and the

National Association of Corrosion Engineers.

AMERICAN HOTEL AND MOTEL

ASSOCIATION,

888 Seventh Avenue,

New York, New York 10019

The American Hotel and Motel Association

(AHMA) was founded in 1910 as an international

trade association representing the hotel and motel

industry with primary efforts directed to the United

States. The activities of AHMA in the field of standardization are carried out in cooperation with other

organizations, and are administered and coordinated

through the AHMA's Director of Membership Service

and Research.

Under the procedure of the United States of America Standards Institute, now the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI), it cooperated through

representation on sectional committees, in the development of USA Standard Safety Code for Elevators,

Dumbwaiters, and Escalators; and USA Recommended

Practice for the Inspection of Elevators. It is also rep- resented on ANSI sectional committees on standards

and specifications for refrigerators, and on minimum

requirements for plumbing and standardization of

plumbing equipment.

Between 1950 and April 1958 the association sponored a project under the auspices of ANSI to develop

minimum performance requirements for institutional

textiles, which resulted in the establishment of American National Standard L24, Performance Requirements for Institutional Textiles.

AHMA is represented on various committees of

ANSI, the American Society for Testing and Materials,

Underwriters' Laboratories and the National Fire

Protection Association for the purpose of assisting in

the development of standards of interest and importance to the industry. It continues as sponsor of

American National Standards Committee L24; and is represented on the ANSI Consumer Council, and the

American National Standards Committee X4, Office

Machines and Supplies.

Formerly: American Hotel Protective Association

(1917) ; American Hotel Association (1962).

AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

ASSOCIATION,

66 South Miller Road,

Akron, Ohio 44313

The association was established in 1939 by leading

industrial hygienists as a result of need for an association devoted exclusively to industrial hygiene.

The objectives of the association are: (1) to increase

the knowledge of industrial hygiene through interchange and dissemination of information; (2) to promote the study and control of environmental factors

affecting the health and well-being of industrial workers; (3) to correlate such activities as are conducted by

individuals and agencies throughout industrial, educational, and governmental groups; and (4) to bring

together persons interested in the various phases of

industrial hygiene.

The association speaks or acts for industrial hygienists in matters of general interest, e.g., dissemination

of information on the fundamentals of industrial

hygiene; definition of the scope of industrial hygiene;

development of nomenclature in industrial hygiene;

improvement of the education, training, and status of

industrial hygienists; solutions of problems of industrial hygiene in national and other emergencies, in

part by encouraging the optimum use of available

industrial hygienists and the training of new ones; cooperation with various organizations such as the

American National Standards Institute and governmental agencies in the preparation of various codes

and approval schedules; and presentation of awards to members of the association for outstanding service in

the field of industrial hygiene.

The association publishes a monthly journal containing not only professional articles, but guides for

industrial health practices and procedures.

24
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS,

Department of Professional Practice,

AIA Codes and Regulations Center,

1735 New York Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The American Institute of Architects was founded

in 1857 and is the nationally recognized society of over 24,000 licensed architects in the United States. The AIA maintains active liaison with over 80

national professional and Federal organizations

involved in the art and science of building code and

standards-writing as related to the practice of architecture. Approximately 300 AIA members, working

within the framework of the Codes and Regulations

Center, serve as advisory and active members on numerous national committees dealing with standardization and simplification of construction, materials

and building techniques. The institute is represented on approximately 25 individual committees of the

American National Standards Institute, 25 committees

of the American Society for Testing and Materials and

25 committees of the National Fire Protection

Association.

AIA issues a variety of contract forms and has been

instrumental in the formulation of recommendations

concerning size and character of building product liter- ature directed to the architect. It has also been active

in development of a uniform system for correlation of a specifications outline, a filing system for product

data, and project cost accounting guide.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL

ENGINEERS,

345 East 47 Street,

New York, New York 10017

The active standards work of this institute (AIChE)

began in the late 1940's when a committee was established to formulate procedures for testing chemical

engineering equipment under unideal conditions that occur in plants using the equipment. At the present

time, this Equipment Testing Procedures Committee

performs its work through seven equipment subcommittees: distillation columns, dryers, evaporators and

crystallizers, heat exchangers, filters, fired heaters, mixers, and pumps; and one staff/ service subcommittee,

measurements. Twelve testing procedures have been

published. In December 1954, a Standards Committee was

created which was designed to cooperate with and

contribute to the program, carried out under American

National Standards Institute procedures, of developing

and promoting national standards affecting the chemical and related industries.

To carry out and strengthen its standards program,

an Executive Board was created in 1964, each member

of which has direct responsibilities for some area of

standardization activity. Through this board, the insti- tute controls and monitors its participation in standards activities (1) by representation of certain of its members on the American National Standards Member Body Council and on American National Standards Technical Advisory Boards operating in the areas

of interest to chemical engineers and the chemical

industry, (2) by liaison representation on the board of

the chairman of any AIChE committees having active

standardization programs, (3) by specific action within

the committee itself in such fields as symbols and

nomenclature, and (4) by working participation in the

standards-writing activities of over 20 American

National Standards committees. The American Insti- tute of Chemical Engineers sponsors Subcommittee

N46, Nuclear Reactor Fuel Cycle, of the American

National Standards Institute and has published 15

standards originating in this committee and its predecessors.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF MINING,

METALLURGICAL, AND PETROLEUM

ENGINEERS,

345 East 47th Street,

New York, New York 10017

AIME was founded in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania,

May 1871. Organizationally, it is composed of three

constituent societies: the Society of Mining Engineers,

The Metallurgical Society, and the Society of Petro- leum Engineers.

Briefly, the Society of Mining Engineers of AIME

deals with the discovery, mining, and initial processing

of ferrous and nonferrous minerals; The Metallurgical

Society of AIME encompasses the science and technologies involved in the making of metals and other

materials such as metal alloys; and the Society of

Petroleum Engineers of AIME covers the drilling and

production of oil and natural gas but not the refining

process.

Many of the standards, specifications and codes that

have engaged the attention of this institute were developed in cooperation with national technical bodies,

principally the American National Standards Institute

and the American Society for Testing and Materials.

In February 1968, the AIME delegated the participation on any of the standards committees of the

American National Standards Institute or the American Society for Testing and Materials to its constituent

societies. Presently, the Society of Petroleum Engineers

has representatives on one of the American National

Standards Institute Committees.

Formerly: American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers (1952).

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL

CONSTRUCTION, INC.,

1221 Avenue of the Americas,

New York, New York 10020

The American Institute of Steel Construction is a nonprofit trade association representing and serving

the fabricated structural steel industry in the United

States. Its purpose is to improve and advance the use

of fabricated structural steel and, through research and

engineering studies, to develop the most efficient, safe,

25
and economical design and fabrication of steel framed

structures. The institute provides a wide variety of services to the design professions, the construction industry, and

the steel fabricating companies who sponsor and support its activities. These include specifications, technical publications, computer design aids, regional

engineering services, research and development, technical seminars, design award competitions, engineering fellowship awards, and programs of quality control

and safety in both shop and field. The institute promotes steel construction through

the efforts of a large national engineering staff of registered professional engineers, all expert in structural

steel design, and it enjoys a unique relationship with

engineers, architects, building code officials and educators, who recognize its professional status in the fields

of specification writing, structural research, design

development, and performance standards.

Its two major documents are The AISC Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of

Structural Steel for Buildings, and the Manual of Steel

Construction. In addition, it publishes the AISC Code

of Standard Practice, and a number of specifications

for materials, products, and assemblies which may be

used in steel framed structures. The specifications and

the manual are accepted and used universally by

architects, engineers, building code bodies, and Government agencies.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF TIMBER

CONSTRUCTION,

333 West Hampden Avenue,

Englewood, Colorado 80110

This institute was founded 1952. AITC is the

national trade association of the structural timber

fabricating industry. About 25 percent of its activities

relate to standardization. Standardization activities are administered by the institute's staff with the advice

and assistance of the AITC Technical Advisory

Committee.

Under the procedures of the U.S. Department of

Commerce, AITC has worked with the National

Bureau of Standards to develop Voluntary Product

Standard PS 56-73 for structural glued laminated timber. The institute maintains a quality control and

inspection program for structural glued laminated timber based on PS 56-73 and the Inspection Manual,

AITC 200. Under the program, AITC licenses qualified laminators to stamp and certify their products as being in conformance with PS 56-73.

AITC has about 20 current standards on various

phases of structural timber fabrication and, particularly, on structural glued laminated timber. These

standards are listed in AITC publications lists and.

in addition, are promoted through various construction-industry filing systems such as the Sweet's Architectural and Industrial Construction Catalog files and

the Construction Specifications Institute Spec-Data

programs.

AMERICAN INSURANCE ASSOCIATION,

85 John Street,

New York, New York 10038

The American Insurance Association is a nonprofit

trade association created in 1964 by the merger of

three organizations: the National Board of Fire Underwriters, founded in 1866; the Association of Casualty

and Surety Companies, organized in 1926; and the

former American Insurance Association, founded in

1952. It is the largest business association serving

property and casualty insurance companies and acts as spokesman for the industry. Through its work in accident and fire prevention, loss and claim adjustment

practices, research, and a variety of other services, the

association contributes to public safety and helps keep

insurance services at a high level of performance.

Standardization activities are administered by its Engineering and Safety Committee. Current codes

issued by the association are the National Building

Code, Fire Prevention Code, and Code for Installation

of Heat Producing Appliances, Heating, Ventilating,

Air Conditioning, Blower and Exhaust Systems. The

association is represented on more than 175 standardswriting committees of the American National Standards Institute, National Fire Protection Association,

American Society for Testing and Materials, and

others. Information on standards is disseminated to the American Insurance Association's subscriber

insurance companies, and municipal officials.

AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE,

1000 16th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

A major activity of the American Iron and Steel

Institute, founded in 1908. involves the selection and

standardization of a group of steels known as standard

steels. This work is carried on under the auspices of

the institute by product technical committees which

cover carbon and alloy steel bars, sheet, strip, plate,

pipe and tubing, wire, and structural shapes as well

as tool steel, stainless steel, and railroad materials.

Each of these individual technical committees does

considerable work in classifying and defining the

products, in collecting and compiling manufacturing

tolerances and methods relative to standard methods

of inspection for the respective products, and in

reviewing existing specifications with a view toward

standardizing those which are found to be most com- mon. The work of the respective committees is presented in a series of sections of the Steel Products

Manual. These committees cooperate with agencies of

the Federal Government, including the Department of

Defense and Department of Commerce, as well as with technical and trade organizations in matters

relating to technical problems and specifications.

The institute has developed and published manuals

containing recommended design criteria for coldformed steel structural members, light gauge coldformed stainless steel structural members and

structural applications of steel cables for buildings.

26
These design standards are widely recognized and

adopted in building codes throughout the United

States. The American Iron and Steel Institute is officially

represented on standards committees of the American

National Standards Institute, American Society for

Testing and Materials, National Fire Protection Association, and many other organizations.

Absorbed : American Iron and Steel Association

(1912).

AMERICAN LADDER INSTITUTE,

111 East Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60601

The American Ladder Institute (ALI) was founded

in the early 1930's. The institute represents manufacturers of portable steel and extension ladders made

from wood, metal, and fiberglass. A substantial part of

the association's activities and programming is the

cosponsorship of the American National Standards

Institute Safety Code for Portable Wood Ladders,

A14.1. In addition, the ALI fosters safe ladder usage

through the development and distribution of a pamphlet, Ladder Safety and You, and the distribution

of a point of purchase ladder selection chart for the

assistance of retail dealers and consumers in selecting

the right ladder for the right job. The ALI also sponsors educational meetings for its members.

AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS'

ASSOCIATION,

c/o University of Cincinnati,

Cincinnati, Ohio 45221

This association, organized in 1903, is the technical

society of the tanning and leather industry. Its membership consists of active and associate members

and also subscribers to its journal.

The association has a number of technical committees which develop methods of analyses and testing.

The final methods are published as the official methods of the association. The American Leather

Chemists' Association and the American Society for

Testing and Materials have a joint committee on the

coordination of physical test methods. The ALCA is a member of the International Union of Leather

Chemists' Society and participates in the development

of methods of international use. The methods of ALCA which are reviewed and

amended as necessary, are incorporated in industry

specifications. Full cooperation is maintained with its members which include representatives from practically every Government agency concerned with

leather or leather products. ALCA is closely affiliated with the Tanners' Council of America, the national

trade association of the leather industry. The membership of ALCA includes members from the United

States, Canada, Mexico, and 34 foreign countries.

AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION,

50 East Huron Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

This association (ALA), founded in 1876, has long

been active in developing standards and guidelines,

both quantitative and qualitative, for library service

and librarianship. Standards are developed by pertinent units of the association. The following publications are some of the standards and guidelines

adopted by ALA or its units: AAJC-ACRL Guidelines

for Two-Year College Library Learning Resource

Centers; ALA Standards for College Libraries (under

revision) ; Guidelines for Audio-Visual Materials and

Services for Public Libraries; Guidelines for AudioVisual Services in Academic Libraries; Interim Standards for Small Public Libraries: Guidelines toward

achieving the goals of Public Library Service;

Library Education and Manpower: a Statement of

Policy; Library Statistics: A Handbook of Concepts,

Definitions, and Terminology (under revision) ; The

Measurement and Comparison of Physical Facilities

for Libraries; Minimum Standards for Public Library

Systems, 1966 (Statistical Standards, Addenda to above, 1967) (under revision) ; Standards for Accreditation, 1972; Standards for Children's Services in

Public Libraries; Standards for Library Functions at the State Level; Standards for Library Services for the

Blind and Visually Handicapped; Standards for Library Services in Health Care Institutions; and Standards for School Media Programs (under revision)

.

The association also sponsors Sectional Committee

Z85 of the American National Standards Institute.

The Library Technology Reports (of the testing

programs) are available from ALA.

The ALA also assists in the development of uniform

codes for analyzing and cataloging information.

AMERICAN LUMBER STANDARDS

COMMITTEE,

340 Hungerfortl Drive,

Rockville, Maryland 20850

This committee is the successor to the Central

Committee on Lumber Standards. It consists of 23

representatives and 23 alternate representatives of

groups of lumber manufacturers, lumber inspection

agencies, engineers, architects, contractors, home

builders, wholesalers, retailers, millwork manufacturers, and other consumers as well as five ex officio nonvoting government agency representatives, all of

which are appointed by the Secretary of Commerce.

The latest standard, NBS Voluntary Product Standard 20-70, the American Softwood Lumber Standard

became effective September 1, 1970. This edition sets the purpose, formation and functions of the committee and its Board of Review. It provides for classification of American standard lumber, standards for

grading, standards for grademarking, size standards,

and has appendices on nomenclature, definitions, and

abbreviations. It also contains a brief history of lumber standardization.

27
One of the functions of the American Lumber

Standards Committee is to act as the standing

committee for the purpose of considering revisions or amendments to voluntary Product Standard 20-70. It also elects a Board of Review and adopts policies

used by the Board of Revievi' in carrying out is functions.

The principal functions of the Board of Review are

to: (1) review and approve rules submitted by

agencies if they conform to the American Lumber

Standards requirements; (2) review and approve

agencies to grade under approved rules if agencies

demonstrate necessary competency; and to (3) sit in

continuing review of adequacy, competency and

reliability of approved agencies.

The committee and its Board of Review set the

standards under which virtually all of the lumber in

the United States and Canada is produced.

Formerly: Central Committee on Lumber Standards

(1941).

AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION,

1740 Broadway,

New York, New York 10019

The American Lung Association, composed of its national office as well as state and local lung associations is devoted to the prevention and control of lung

disease. The American Thoracic Society, as the medical section of this association, is a professional society

dedicated to all aspects of respiratory disease. Both

the ALA and the ATS, either jointly or singularly,

publish standards, guidelines, and statements relating

to all aspects of lung disease prevention, control and

patient care, including respiratory therapy and medical devices.

Current publications include: fl) Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis; (2) Standards

for the Care of Patients with Chronic Respiratory

Disease; (3) Standards for Tuberculosis Treatment in

the 1970's; (4) Guidelines for the General Hospital in

Admission and Care of Tuberculosis Patients; and (5)

Bacteriologic Standards for Discharge of Patients.

The various standards and guidelines are developed

by the various committees of the ALA and Scientific

Assemblies of the ATS. Publication of such standards

is made in the American Review of Respiratory Dis- ease and reprints are made available nationally for

distribution throughout the entire ALA-ATS organization at the state and local level. All such standards

and statements are of national scope. No participation

is devoted to international standardization activities. Formerly: National Tuberculosis and Respiratory

Disease Association.

AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION,

535 North Dearljorn Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60610

The American Medical Association (AMA) was

founded in 1846 as a national organization of physicians whose objectives are to foster the advancement

of medical science and the health of the American

people. AMA's standardization activities are administered by the Division of Medical Education and the

Division of Scientific Activities. Many of the standards

are advisory only : drug evaluation, medical terminology, guides to evaluation of physical impairment,

physical fitness standards for industry, undergraduate

medical education, hospital residency training programs, and continuing medical education. The association has established liaison with the Federal

Government in matters of drug nomenclature. United

States Adopted Names Council, and drug evaluation,

Food and Drug Administration.

COUNCIL ON MEDICAL EDUCATION OF THE

AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

The Council on Medical Education, a standing

committee of the House of Delegates of the American

Medical Association, since 1904 has functioned to develop and maintain standards of medical education,

as well as education in fields allied to medicine. The

council, in cooperation with the Executive Council of

the Association of American Medical Colleges, through

the Liaison Committee on Medical Education accredits

all medical schools in the United States and Canada.

One of the important functions of accreditation is to establish minimum standards for use by various Government agencies such as state licensing bodies. Other

Government agencies, such as the Bureau of Health

Manpower Education and the Veterans Administration, consult with the Liaison Committee for recom- mendations regarding grants to establish new schools

and to develop existing schools. The document

Functions and Structure of a Medical School describes

standards for accreditation of medical schools in the

United States and Canada.

The Council on Medical Education, in cooperation

with specialty boards, specialty societies, and other

national organizations, through 24 committees accredits graduate training programs throughout the United

States. The council through the Liaison Committee for

Specialty Boards also sets the standards for the

examining boards of medical specialties. In collaboration with 28 organizations the council also sets the

standards for approval of educational programs in 24

allied health occupations. The council certifies con- tinuing education courses offered for the practicing

physician. A list of the accrediting committees and

copies of the standards may be obtained from the

Secretary of the Council on Medical Education.

AMERICAN MINING CONGRESS,

1100 Ring Building,

Washington, D.C. 20036

AMC was founded in 1897 to foster, promote and

develop the welfare of the minerals industries in all their various branches within the LTnited States, to cooperate with Government in furthering the national

welfare and in developing mining and metallurgy, and

to encourage and provide a medium for education in

practical and scientific mining and metallurgy. It is

28
deeply involved in standardization efforts through the

activities of various staff members including those

involved in safety, environmental control, Coal Division, Manufacturers Division projects, the Mining

Congress Journal, and all other technical endeavors.

AMC works with other organizations and agencies

such as the National Bureau of Standards, American

National Standards Institute, the Department of the

Interior, and the U.S. Bureau of Mines. Standards

activities of AMC are generally national in scope and

not specifically intended to be applied internationally.

AMERICAN MUTUAL INSURANCE

ALLIANCE,

20 North Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

The standardization work of this organization

(AMIA) pertaining to occupational safety and health,

and traffic safety, is carried on with the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which it is a member body. It is officially represented on the ANSI

Board of Directors, Board of Standards Review,

Safety Technical Advisory Board, Highway Traffic

Advisory Board, Nuclear Technical Advisory Board,

Member Body Council and over 75 technical standards

committees. The organization is administrative sponsor of the Safety Standard for Ladders and the Safety

Standard for Ladder Towers and Rolling Scaffolds. In the fire safety field, all standardization work is carried on with the National Fire Protection Association of which the AMIA is an organizational member

and is officially represented on the Board of Directors.

This association is represented on approximately 37

NFPA technical committees engaged in the development of codes and standards in the fire prevention

and fire protection fields. In addition, many member

company engineers are members of NFPA technical

committees in the name of their company or under a personal membership. The American Mutual Insur- ance Alliance was founded in 1922.

Formerly: American Mutual Alliance (1956).

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS

INSTITUTE,

1430 Broadway,

New York, New York 10018

This is a nonprofit organization whose bylaws

provide for membership from national trade, technical, professional, and labor groups; firms from

commerce and industry; governmental agencies and

departments; consumer groups; and similar organizations and individuals.

This institute, which replaced the LTnited States of

American Standards Institute in 1969, was originally

organized as the American Engineering Standards

Committee (AESC) in 1918 by five engineering societies: the American Institute of Electrical Engineers,

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, American

Society of Civil Engineers, American Institute of

Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, and the International Organization for Standardization. The AESC's

initial purpose was to provide means for coordinating

the standards issued by its founders, eliminating

confusion and duplication among those standards. Its

first act was to invite three Government departments

to join on an equal footing with the founder societies.

The War Department, the Navy Department, and the

Department of Commerce accepted the invitation,

and the three representatives from each of these eight

groups developed the principles and procedures which

basically applied to the work of the American

Standards Association through August 1966. Enlarged

in 1920 by the addition of trade associations, as well

as additional technical and professional societies, the

AESC in 1928 was reorganized as the American

Standards Association in order to provide a more

workable structure. Without significant structural

change the association became the American Standards Association, Inc, in 1948. In 1966 the association was reorganized as the United States of America

Standards Institute, with a new constitution and

bylaws. Its present name was adopted in 1969.

The institute serves as the national clearinghouse

for standards and provides the machinery for developing and approving standards which are supported by a national consensus. Article C3 of the American

National Standards Institute Constitution states: "In

standardization practice a consensus is achieved when

substantial agreement is reached by concerned inter- ests according to the judgment of a duly appointed

authority. Consensus implies much more than the

concept of a simple majority, but not necessarily

unanimity."

Technical societies, trade associations, consumer

groups, and the like make up the organizational

members of the institute. Other classes of members

are governmental members, company members, sus- taining members (organizations not otherwise eligible

for membership but interested in standards development or certification), individual members (persons

interested in development of standards or in certifica- tion), and honorary members. Five councils, a board,

and a committee make up the operating arms of the

institute: The Board of Standards Review has the

responsibility for the approval of standards. The

Executive Standards Council is responsible for standards activities of the institute except for approval or withdrawal of standards as American National Standards. The Organizational Member Council, Company

Member Council, and the Consumer Council represent

the interests of these groups in the activities of the

institute and have an input into the standards program

of the organization in that they can recommend standards projects to be developed. The International

Standards Council sets administrative and technical

policy for the institute's international activities. The

Certification Committee administers the authorized

certification activities of the institute. Each of these

operating arms may establish such boards and committees as are considered necessary to accomplish its programs.

29
The Board of Directors is the governing body of the

institute. Ex officio members are the president; the

immediate past president; three vice-presidents; the

director of the National Bureau of Standards or his

designated alternate; the chairmen of the seven

operating arms of the institute listed in the preceding

paragraph; and the chairman of the Government

Liaison and Support Committee, one of the three

standing committees of the board (along with the

Executive Committee and the Finance Committee),

whose function is to develop policies and programs

designed to improve and strengthen liaison with

Federal, state, and local governments. Of the elected

directors twelve are nominated by organizational

members, twelve are nominated by company members, nine are nominated by the Government Liaison

and Support Committee from among Federal Government members and other representatives of Government organizations qualified for membership, three are nominated by the Consumer Council, and three

directors-at-large are nominated by the Board Nominating Committee.

The managing director, who devotes his full time to the affairs of the institute, is its chief administrative

officer and also serves as its secretary. Under his

direction the staff provides technical and other

support to the board, committees, councils, and other

operating groups of the institute in carrying out its programs.

As of September 1974 there were nearly 6,000

American National Standards on the organization's

books. Of these, approximately two-thirds have

resulted from submittals by competent organizations

of standards which they have developed through their

own procedures, together with evidence as to the

existence of consensus in support of such standards.

The balance have come through the work of American

National Standards Committees. A few—mostly simple

standards—have been approved after acceptance by a general conference. Many of the standards on the

current list have been revised a number of times.

Standards approved by the institute are given the title "American National Standard."

The American National Standards Institute is the

United States member of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The United States

viewpoints to be presented in the technical work of

ISO are developed through the interested American

National Standards Committees or through a competent

committee of another organization or, if none of these

is available, through a committee especially organized

as a technical advisory group for a particular ISO

technical committee. The work of the ISO technical

committees results eventually in ISO standards which

may be embodied in the national standards of the

ISO's member bodies. In addition, the institute is also

affiliated with the International Electrotechnical Commission, which is responsible for international standardization in the electrical and electronics fields. Financial support of the institute comes from the

dues paid by the members. An additional source of

income is the sale of American National Standards.

In addition to American National Standards and the

annual catalog thereof, the institute publishes the

ANSI Reporter, a biweekly general newsletter; and

Standards Action, a biweekly newsletter that summarizes standards that have been submitted to ANSI

for approval as new or revised American National

Standards; lists standards that have been approved,

reaffirmed, withdrawn, or not approved by the Board

of Standards Review; reports information on American National Standards Committees and technical

advisory boards, proposals for formation of new ISO

and lEC technical committees, and proposed certification programs; and lists newly published standards.

These publications are a part of the membership service for all members. Subscriptions are also available

to individuals without company affiliations, institutions, libraries, schools, and the like. The institute also

holds various regional conferences on topics of interest

in the field of standardization.

AMERICAN NUCLEAR SOCIETY,

244 East Ogden Avenue,

Hinsdale, Illinois 60521

This society was founded in 1954. The American

Nuclear Society Standards Committee is responsible

for ascertaining the need for standards in the nuclear

field, for developing or assisting in the development of

such standards, for representing the society in activities with other organizations engaging in cooperative or similar activities, and for coordinating all aspects of standards activities and interests within the

society.

The over 100 standardization projects are managed

by subcommittees of the Standards Committee as follows: ANS-1, Performance of Critical Experiments; ANS-2, Site Evaluation; ANS-3, Reactor

Operations; ANS-4, Reactor Dynamics and Control;

ANS-5, Energy and Fission-Product Release; ANS-6,

Shielding; ANS-8, Fissionable Materials Outside Reactors; ANS-9, Nuclear Terminology and Units; ANS-10,

Mathematics and Computation; ANS-11, Radioactive

Materials Handling Facility and Specialized Equipment; ANS-13, Fuel Assemblies Criteria; ANS-14,

Operation of Pulse Nuclear Reactors; ANS-15, Operation of Research Reactors; ANS-16, Isotopes and

Radiation; ANS-18, Environmental Impact Evaluation;

ANS-19, Physics of Reactors Design; ANS-20, Systems

Engineering; ANS-21, PWR Design Criteria; ANS-22,

BWR Design Criteria: ANS-23, GCR Design Criteria;

ANS-24, LMFBR Design Criteria; ANS-30, Power

Plant Systems; ANS-31, Engineered Safety Features;

ANS-32, Reactor Plant Process Systems; ANS-33, Containment; ANS-34, Radioactive Waste Systems; and

ANS-35, Fuel Handling and Storage.

Three ANS standards and 12 American National

Standards have been published. Some draft and trial use standards are also available. In addition, the

American Nuclear Society serves as secretariat for

five American National Standards Committees of the

Nuclear Technical Advisory Board.

30
AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY,

508 South Sixth Street,

Champaign, Illinois 61820

This society, founded in 1909, is a scientific organization concerned with basic research on animal,

marine and vegetable oils and fats; with their

extraction, refining, and use in consumer and industrial products; and with safety, packaging and quality

control. The society publishes the Journal of the

American Oil Chemists' Society and Lipids, offering

original research manuscripts from the aforementioned areas, often attributed to methodology. It also

publishes the Official and Tentative Methods of the

American Oil Chemists' Society, a two-volume, looseleaf set, annually amended by official Additions and

Revisions. This volume is a result of work by various

society technical committees. In an effort to offer

increased uniformity, this society offers accurately

tested and graded natural bleaching earth, activated

bleaching earth, diatomaceous earth, refining cups

and other materials, all designed for use with specific

methodology. The society also maintains a list of sources of commercially available materials, instruments, and other products necessary to application of

methodology. In addition, the society certifies referee

chemists through its Examination Board and sponsors

joint committees with the American Society for

Testing and Materials, Inter-Society Color Council,

Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, and

American Association of Cereal Chemists. Representation is also maintained on committees of the

American Association for the Advancement of Sci- ence, National Fire Protection Association, National

Research Council, American National Standards Committees for ISO/TC 48 and ISO/TC 91, and the

Advisory Board, Office of Critical Tables, National

Academy of Sciences-National Research Council.

Formerly: Society of Cotton Products Analysts

(1922).

AMERICAN OPTOMETRIC ASSOCIATION,

7000 Chippewa Street,

St. Louis, Missouri 63119 (Headquarters);

1730 M Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036 (Washington Office)

The American Optometric Association (AOA) was

founded October 10, 1898. AOA consists of doctors of

optometry from throughout the United States, and

although national in scope, there are numerous members from various countries throughout the world.

Currently the association has over 17,800 members.

The standardization program activities are approximately 20 percent of AOA's total program. Standardization activities are administered primarily by AOA's

Professional Development Division (Committee on

Research and Development) ; Education and Manpower Division (Council on Optometric Education) ; and Community Health Division (Council on Clinical

Optometric Care). AOA is a member body of the

American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The

association and its members participate extensively in

various American National Standards committees,

establishing standards in various areas, some of which

include first quality ophthalmic prescription lenses;

requirements for first quality prescription contact

lenses; model motorists; data base standards; standards for safe use of lasers; occupational face and eye

protection, as well as standards for lighting, color, etc. AOA also works with the National Academy of Sciences

Committees in establishing standardization for visual

acuity and visual fields testing. AOA participates in

International Standards Programs through ANSI as well as through optometric organizations throughout

the world. Generally, AOA has been a leader in

establishing optometric professional standards and

ophthalmic material standards. AOA works with the

Food and Drug Administration in establishing standards for soft contact lenses, both directly and through

American National Standards Committee Z-80, Subcommittee on Contact Lenses; also with the Department of Transportation in establishing highway safety

standards specifically relating to vision, illumination/

visibility of highway signs, driver licensing standards,

etc.; Department of Labor in helping to establish

standards for vision requirements in construction jobs

and other industries; and with the National Institute

of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in

establishing eye and face protection standards. AOA

has also coordinated work with American ophthalmic

lense manufacturers and is active in developing

appropriate Federal Government standards relating to eyewear, including Federal Specifications, FF-S-620A,

as well as military services standards for optometric

clinical performance. Standards are promoted through

our various news media—American Optometric Association News and The Journal of the American

Optometric Association as well as national optometric news media, state association journals and bulletins

to our state association as well as through confer- ences and seminars.

The Council on Optometric Education (COE)

accredits and certifies schools and colleges of optometry throughout the United States and Canada, for the

four year professional degree program. COE is recognized by the National Commission on Accrediting and the United States Office of Education as the

accrediting body for the profession of optometry. COE

also accredits the one and two year paraprofessional

programs at various schools and colleges throughout

the United States. The Council on Optometric Education establishes educational standards and has published a manual of accrediting.

The Council on Clinical Optometric Care (CCOC)

has established standards for clinical performance and

published a manual on clinical standards. CCOC

accredits and certifies professional performance as well as facilities with regard to optometric clinics,

centers, and clinical service units.

The association also maintains a national registry

and certification for paraoptometric personnel. It is anticipated that future certification programs will

involve speciality areas of the profession. AOA's Com31
mittee on Clinical Standards also establishes standards

in the area of optometric clinical performance—peer

review, utilization review, and evaluation of care, etc. They are also becoming involved in professional

standards review activities nationwide. Guidelines and

standards are also elaborated in Vision Care in

Prepaid Group Practice, a joint publication with the

Group Health Association of America, outlining professional standards for optometric care. The association has also evolved Vision Screening Standards for

compliance with Title XIX under the Social Security

Act which requires all persons under the age of 21

receive a vision screening evaluation.

The scope of our standards is generally national,

however, numerous international optometric organizations have also developed and adopted the standards

promulgated by AOA. The association coordinates

much of its work in setting material standards with

American lens, frames and equipment manufacturers, numerous governmental agencies, as well as other eye

care organizations.

New projects projected include further development of clinical performance standards as well as the

publication of Current Optometric Information and

Terminology manual indicating standards of care and

performance for all optometric procedures in diagnosis and treatment.

AMERICAN PAPER INSTITUTE,

260 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10016

This institute, formed January 1966, is the successor organization of the former American Paper and Pulp

Association and its divisions, and the National Paperboard Association. Because of the numerous grades of

paper and paperboard and their various uses, there

have been no quality standardization programs engaged

in by the American Paper Institute or its predecessor

organizations. However, standards for testing certain

physical characteristics such as bursting strength, tear,

brightness, opacity, etc., have been developed for many

grades of paper. These specifications are officially published by the Technical Association of the Pulp and

Paper Industry, One Dunwoody Park, Atlanta, Georgia

30341. Standard gauge lists for combination paperboard were revised effective January 1969 and adopted

by members of the Combination Paperboard Division

of the Paperboard Group, API.

Although not directly related to standardization

itself, the Dictionary of Paper, third edition (1965),

contains over 500 pages of concise descriptions of pulp

and other raw papermaking materials, papers, paperboards, paper and properties and papermaking terms.

A fourth edition of this dictionary is now in process

with a target publication date of 1975. The contents

of this publication afford considerable guidance in the

appraisal of paper grades, specifications or standards.

The API is an active member of the American

National Standards Paper Committee, P-3, and through

this committee maintains contact with respect to international standardization activities. Additionally, the

API works closely with various Federal and state agencies in the development of product specifications, particularly the General Services Administration and the

Joint Committee on Printing of Congress.

The API also works closely with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in the development of its specifications and standardization activities, as well as in the formulation of safety codes for pulp

and paper mills.

Formerly: Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Institute

U.S.A. (1965).

AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE,

1801 K Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The American Petroleum Institute was founded in

1919 and was the first national petroleum trade asso- ciation to encompass all branches of the industry:

producing, transporting, refining, and marketing.

The institute can and does concern itself with technical matters affecting the petroleum industry whenever there is substantial agreement among its members.

Only significant problems which have broad industry

application and are not likely to be resolved by some

other group or individual, are considered in the insti- tute's standardization program.

From the early years of its first half-century, the

American Petroleum Institute has maintained an

extensive program which encompasses not only standards for hardware and equipment, but also recom- mended practices, operating procedures, technical

bulletins and even standard reference materials. Worldwide acceptance and use of the over 300 standards

formulated by API are attributed to their balanced

emphasis on sound engineering, operability, performance and safety considerations.

Authority and responsibility for management and

coordination of the institute's standardization program, including relationships with other domestic,

national and international standards organizations, is by delegation of the Board of Directors, vested in the

API Interdivisional Committee on Standardization.

Preparation, publication, revision and maintenance of an individual standard is further delegated to the most

appropriate operating division (industry branch) of

the institute.

The institute administers a licensing or monogram

program within selected divisions for all manufacturers

who desire to use the API monogram on equipment

and materials fabricated in accordance with published

standards. The sole consideration in the issuance of a

license is provision by the applicant of reasonable evidence of technical competence, adequate plant facility

and financial stability. Application of the monogram

constitutes warranty by the manufacturer alone, as to compliance.

API maintains an affirmative attitude toward participation in international standardization and actively

participates in the preparation of international standards in areas related to fields of API technical activity.

Principle efforts are directed to the International Orga32
nization for Standardization (ISO), although in some

instances API standards themselves are accepted both

nationally and internationally.

Active standards committees are estimated to number over 250 with approximately 50 new projects under

consideration. Participants are drawn from oil companies, industry supplier and consultant organizations, user groups, and government agencies at all levels. Federal, state, and local. On the order of 5000 voluntary contributors are currently engaged in assessing the

institute's standardization programs.

All technical and research data including standards

are indexed in the institute's Publications and Materials Guide, issued annually. Projects culminated during the year are announced through publication

releases sent to all news media and directly interested

parties. The guide is offerd free of charge to anyone

having an interest in the institute's publications.

AMERICAN PHARMACEUTICAL

ASSOCIATION,

2215 Constitution Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20037

The American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA),

founded in 1852, is the national professional society of

individual pharmacists in the United States. It con- cerns itself with matters affecting the professional,

technical, legal and scientific aspects of the practice of

pharmacy. The primary standardization programs

administered by the association pertain to drugs and

drug products intended for medicinal use, with approximately 10-15 percent of the total association's

program and annual budget being devoted to standardization activities.

The Scientific Division is the organizational staff unit within APhA that administers the standardization

activities. Within the Scientific Division the principal

activity is the program of supplementing, revising, and

publishing the National Formulary, (NF), and the

supplying of samples of authentic specimens of substances of known purity for use in conducting the

various tests and assays specified by the NF. Through

the Scientific Division, APhA jointly participates with

several other organizations in sponsoring and conducting a program, known as the United States Adopted

Names Council (USAN), for the establishment of

standardized nonproprietary nomenclature for drugs. A

relatively small testing laboratory is maintained, the

primary program of which pertains to the development

of, and standardization of analytical methodology. By

virtue of the NF program, and to an extent the USAN

program, our organization is involved with the World

Health Organization in developing international specifications for drugs and international nomenclature

for the naming of drugs. Although to a lesser degree,

APhA participates in programs of the Pan-American

Health Organization and the Federation Internationale

Pharmaceutique. In both the NF and USAN activities,

there is considerable involvement with the Federal

Government since the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act mandates that marketed drugs in the

United States must comply with standards set forth

for them in the NF; that the methods of determining

such compliance should be those specified in the NF;

and that the Secretary of the Department of Health,

Education and Welfare is assigned the specific responsibility to ascertain that marketed drugs are in such

compliance. Furthermore, the law addresses the subject

of the development and recognition of drug names. In

all of these activities, major contact is with the Food

and Drug Administration. These programs also involve

many other agencies within the Government such as the Treasury Department, Alcohol and Tobacco Division; the Social Security Administration, Medicare

Division; and the Justice Department, Drug Enforcement Administration; etc., but to a relatively limited

degree.

Certification Program Activities—The authentic sub. stances which are distributed as standards of reference

(NF Reference Standards) are in a sense certified as

to their suitability for the intended purpose. Otherwise, it is the responsibility of the drug manufacturer

to ensure that their products meet the standards provided and are otherwise in compliance with the specifications developed.

There are approximately 1,000 separate monographs

comprising standards of identity, quality, purity, and

strength for individual articles in the official National

Formulary and supplements to it. In addition, there are approximately 200 NF Reference Standards cur- rently in distribution. The number of standardized

drug names developed through the USAN program is of the order of several thousand. The scope of the

standards are national in character by virtue of Federal

law. Moreover, each individual state takes note of

these standards in the pertinent state drug laws thereby making them a requirement in interstate as well as intrastate commerce. A number of foreign countries

such as Canada, have also adopted the National Formulary as a legal standard for drugs marketed, and

even in those countries where the NF is not a standard by law, it is frequently looked upon as an unofficial or voluntary standard of reference.

The National Formulary Thirteenth Edition-1970

(NF XIII), along with four supplements to the volume are distributed for APhA by the Mack Publishing

Company of Easton, Pennsylvania. Lists of NF Refer- ence Standards are available from the NF office at the APhA address on written request.

AMERICAN PLYWOOD ASSOCIATION,

1119 A Street,

Tacoma, Washington 98401

American Plywood Association (APA) was founded

May 16, 1933, as the Douglas Fir Plywood Association

(DFPA) . The organization is a nonprofit industry trade

association engaged in advertising, promotion, quality

testing and inspection, product and applied research,

and code and standards activities. The association

membership consists of plywood mills involved in tlie manufacture of softwood plywood produced in con- formance to Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-66,

33
Softwood Plywood, Construction and Industrial.

DFPA grade-trademarks have been applied to plywood

since 1938, as evidence that the product has been subjected to association quality inspection and testing.

APA's standardization activities are administered by

the Technical Services Division, secretariat to the

Industry Standards Committee. The plywood industry

committee was organized to review and keep current

the text of Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-66; and

the Division for Product Approval which administers

the quality testing, inspection and product certification

validation programs for the association. Through cooperation with the Department of Commerce, National

Bureau of Standards; the Department of Housing and

Urban Development, FHA; Department of Transportation; Department of Defense; and the General Services Administration, APA is involved with the

development of their respective standards.

The following are the engineering design standards

and use specifications of APA: (1) Plywood Design

Standards: Plywood Design Specification—Supplement

No. 1, Design of Plywood Curved Panels; Supplement

No. 2, Design of Plywood Beams; Supplement No. 3,

Design of Plywood Stressed-Skin Panels; and Supplement No. 4, Design of Plywood Sandwich Panels.

(2) Plywood Fabrication Standards: Fabrication of

Trussed Rafters with Plywood Gussets—GT-8; Fabrication of Plywood Beams—BB-8; Fabrication of Plywood Stressed-Skin Panels—SS-8; Fabrication of

Curved Panels—CP-8; Fabrication of Plywood Sandwich Panels—SP-61; and Fabrication of Plywood

Folded Plates—^FP-62. (3) Specifications: 303 Specialty Siding Specification, and DFPA Special Use Panel

Specification. These APA standards are submitted for

reference and adoption in building codes and construction standards. In addition, Voluntary Product Standard PS 1-66, a voluntary consensus standard promulgated by the Department of Commerce, is also reproduced and distributed by APA for use by the plywood

industry to identify its products.

Currently the Industry Standards Committee is working on a revision to Voluntary Product Standard

PS-1 and the Association Products Committee is working on association proprietary product standards.

Certification Program Activities—In order for a member mill to use association grade-trademarks, it must pass initial tests of gluebond quality and maintain a minimum level of gluebond quality in order to continue to apply these grade-trademarks to plywood.

When a mill complies with the requirements of the

association's quality inspection and testing program,

they are issued the appropriate grade-trademarks. The

association arranges for the grade-trademarks to be

manufactured and maintains ownership of the gradetrademarks issued to a mill. Should a mill fail to meet

the requirements of the quality assurance program, the

quality supervisor is directed to physically remove the

grade-trademarks from the plant. The grade-trademarking service provided to association mills is administered by the Department of Product Approval which

utilizes quality supervisors directed by regional managers who make inspection calls on each mill on a

random basis each week, covering all shifts. The neces- sary laboratory tests on specimens taken from production by the quality supervisor is done at eight

strategically located laboratories for testing to check

conformance of the specimens with the requirements

of Voluntary Product Standard PS-1.

APA is active on an international level as a participating Member of the International Organization for

Standardization, Technical Committee ISO/TC 139-

Plywood.

AMERICAN PODIATRY ASSOCIATION,

20 Chevy Chase Circle NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20015

The American Podiatry Association was founded in

1912 as a voluntary, nonprofit corporation and is organized under the laws of the District of Columbia.

The objects of the association are to promote the art and science of podiatry and the betterment of public

health. The membership is composed of podiatrists

who are licensed to practice in one of the states and

are members of a component society. Component

societies exist in each state, the District of Columbia

and Puerto Rico. There is also a component society of

podiatrists in Federal service.

The association's Council on Podiatry Education is the accrediting agency for podiatry education is recognized as such by the U.S. Office of Education and the

National Commission on Accrediting.

The council maintains standards in accrediting procedures by publishing two documents for each activity

of accrediting or approval. These documents are

entitled Criteria and Guidelines and Manual of Procedures. The council accredits colleges of podiatric medicine and podiatric assistants' training programs. It approves podiatric residency programs and speciality

boards in related fields of education.

The council's criteria and procedures are subject to the approval of the House of Delegates of the American Podiatry Association.

Formerly: National Association of Chiropodists

(1958).

AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC ASSOCIATION,

1700 18th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20009

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is a medical specialty organization, representing over 20,000

members. It was established in 1844 as the Association

of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions

for the Insane. In 1892 it became the American

Medico-Psychological Association, and in 1921 the

present name was adopted.

One of the association's objectives as stated in the

Constitution is ". . . to advance the standards of all psychiatric services and facilities." The standards program comprises about eight percent of the organization's total activity. Publications include Standards for

Psychiatric Facilities (1969) and Standards for Psychiatric Facilities Serving Children and Adolescents

(1971).

34
APA is a member organization of the Accreditation

Council for Psychiatric Facilities and the Accreditation

Council for Facilities for the Mentally Retarded of the

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals. It is an active participant in development of standard classi- fication for mental illness and the Diagnostic and

Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-11),

published by the APA, and the manual used throughout much of the world. It serves as consultant to the

World Health Organization on the publication, Inter- national Classification of Diseases.

It joins with the AMA Council on Medical Education and the Residency Review Committee for

Psychiatry and Neurology in establishing standards for

approval of residency training programs in psychiatry

and is a member organization of the American Board

of Psychiatry and Neurology which gives examinations

to certify physicians as qualified in psychiatry.

Standard-setting activities are operated through the

APA Council on Medical Education and its Committees on Medical Education, Graduate Education, and

Continuing Education; the Council on Mental Health

Services and its Task Force on Standards for Psychiatric Facilities, Ad Hoc Committee on Professional

Standards Review Organizations; and the Council on

Research and Development and its Task Force on

Nomenclature and Statistics.

Formerly: Association of Medical Superintendents

of American Institutes for Insane (1892) ; American

Medicopsychological Association (1921).

THE AMERICAN PSYCHOANALYTIC

ASSOCIATION,

One East Fifty-Seventh Street,

New York, New York 10022

The American Psychoanalytic Association was

founded in 1911 and is a national, nonprofit, membership organization of medical psychoanalysts. It is the

purpose of the organization to study and advance psychoanalysis; to advocate and maintain standards for

the training of psychoanalysts and for the practice of

psychoanalysis; to foster the integration of psychoanalysis with other branches of medicine and to encour- age research in all fields having to do with the

scientific knowledge and welfare of man.

There is a current individual membership of 1,375

active members; 222 associate members; and 293 affili- ate members. There are 31 local affiliate psychoanalytic societies in the United States and 21 approved

psychoanalytic training institutes. The American Psychoanalytic Association is a Regional Association of

the International Psycho-Analytical Association.

The Board on Professional Standards' duties are: to

set up standards for the training of physicians in psychoanalysis and standards for approved institutes; to

set requirements for character and ethical and professional standards for membership in the association and

to receive applications for membership and certify the

qualifications of applicants for membership. Subsumed

under the Board on Professional Standards are its

standing committees all of which are concerned with

the setting and maintaining of standards in psychoanalysis. These are: Child Analysis; Institutes; membership; New Training Facilities; Psychoanalytic Education ; Research and Special Training. Standards have

been published for Training in Psychoanalysis and for

Training in Child Psychoanalysis. These standards are complied with by the training institutes which are approved by the association.

AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION,

1015 18th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The American Public Health Association was

founded in 1872. A major contribution of this association is the development of standards of procedure,

personnel qualifications and practice. It publishes and

continually updates Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products; Standard Methods for the

Examination of Water and Wastewater; and Standards

for Healthful Housing. It publishes other works where

standards are included, for example. Suggested Ordi- nance and Recommendations Covering Public Swimming Pools. It also publishes standard methods for the

Microbiological Examination of Foods and Recommended Methods for the Examination of Ambient Air.

APHA is presently developing guidelines for medical

experimentation on captive populations.

The APHA has representatives on various boards

of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

and cosponsors their Sectional Committee A40 on Minimum Requirements for Plumbing. APHA's Committee on Professional Education has developed a series

of educational qualifications for various kinds of public

health workers as well as standards of accreditation

for schools of public health. APHA committees also

develop publications on such diverse subjects as TB

control, radiological health and chronic disease which

serve as guides for practitioners, scientists, technologists, administrators and others concerned with public

health problems.

AMERICAN ROAD BUILDERS'

ASSOCIATION,

525 School Street SW.,

Washington, D.C. 20024

The American Road Builders' Association was

founded in 1902. The association has, as a major objective, the fostering and encouraging of the full utiliza- tion of scientific and educational measures toward the

accomplishment of an integrated national highway,

airport and urban public transportation system adequate to accomodate the growth and advancement of

transportation necessary for the civil economy and the

national defense.

Membership in the American Road Builders' Association, working through seven operating divisions,

includes Federal, state, county, and city highway engi35
neers and administrators as well as consulting engineers. It includes also highway contractors, producers

of highway materials, manufacturers and distributors

of highway machinery, and educators in civil engineering colleges and universities.

Committees study problems relating to highway legislation; finance, design, construction, maintenance,

equipment, and operation. All efforts are constantly

directed toward development of improved standards to bring about utilization of new materials and eliminate

waste and improper methods, thereby accomplishing

greater economy in the highway and airport fields. Every effort is made to avoid duplication in areas of

activity of other associations. The association has cooperated and will continue to cooperate with other asso- ciations in joint activities. It has published numerous

bulletins dealing with practical application of technical

and semitechnical developments.

Formerly: American Road Makers (1910).

AMERICAN SKI TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION

OF NATUR TEKNIK,

Big Boulder Ski Area,

Lake Harmony, Pennsylvania 18624

ASTAN, founded 1960, has a membership of 348. It

is a group of certified ski instructors united to: bring

the best type of people into the ski teaching profession

;

promote high standards of ski instruction; keep these

standards and improve the teaching system; and promote good relations between instructors and ski schools

of each ski area. ASTAN maintains a library and

placement service; sponsors competitions; and certifies

ski instructors. The Board of Examiners Committee

gives certification courses. Publications: (1) Newsletter, three/year ; (2) Director of Certified Instructors,

annual; Skiing for Beginners; and the ASTAN Teaching Manual. Holds annual Instructors Rally, always in

April.

Formerly: American Ski Teachers' Association

(1970).

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ABRASIVE

METHODS,

1049 South Main Street,

Plymouth, Michigan 48170

The American Society for Abrasive Methods was

founded in 1956. Its purpose is to promote and interpret to business and to the public, the scope and

potentialities of abrasives; and to promote and seek to maintain industry-wide standards.

The Society's National Standards Committee is responsible for the formulation and development of

standards for abrasives. It cooperates with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and serves on American National Standards Committee B74 on

Abrasives. The standards are issued by ANSI.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR ARTIFICIAL

INTERNAL ORGANS,

National Office,

Box 777,

Boca Raton, Florida 33432

The ASAIO was founded in 1954 as an organization

to promote the development and safe usage of artificial internal organs. The society includes strong representations from both medical and engineering specialists.

The society holds an annual scientific meeting where

current advances in all fields of artificial internal organ

development are reported. In recent years major interests have focused upon work with artificial kidneys

and artificial hearts, but research has been reported in a variety of other fields. The Standards and Specifications Committee is a standing committee of the society charged with developing voluntary standards for devices within the main

scope of interest of the society. At present, four subcommittees are working on standards development in

the areas of artificial kidney hemodialyzers, dialysis

membranes, intra-aortic balloon augmentation, and

membrane oxygenators. A committee for standardization of blood access devices is being formed. In these

areas, the ASAIO standards subcommittees are the

only ones active on a national scale. The ASAIO is represented on the Medical Devices Technical Advisory Board of the American National Standards Insti- tute (ANSI), and on the International Organization

for Standardization ISO/TC 150-SC2, Cardiovascular

Devices. Standards developed by the subcommittees

are submitted to the national and international organizations for review and dissemination.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MEDICAL

TECHNOLOGY,

Hermann Professional Building,

Suite 1600,

Houston, Texas 77025

The American Society for Medical Technology

(ASMT) established in 1932, is a national professional organization composed of approximately 18,000

members engaged in the supervision and performance

of clinical laboratory tests. The organization recognizes

its major responsibilities as increasing technical knowledge, providing a means for the members to evaluate

and improve their performance, and the education of

students entering the various levels of clinical laboratory practice. The ultimate goal of the society is the

provision of the best possible care to the patient at economically sound levels. Since ASMT's function is to provide for the total concerns of the individuals practicing within the profession of medical technology, the greater portion of

the programs, either directly or indirectly, are involved

with standards, their function, updating, and their

acceptance. These standards are all national in scope.

36
In the area of preparation for the profession, ASMT,

in cooperation with the American Society of Clinical

Pathologists (ASCP), the American Medical Association, and the U.S. Office of Education determines the

accreditation of education programs. This function is carried out through a body called the Board of Schools.

Also, certification for individuals who have passed the

national examination is carried out by ASMT and

ASCP through the Board of Registry.

Continuing education for practitioners is monitored

by ASMT through its national program called PACE.

State and local affiliate societies cooperate in this

program.

Standards for day to day practice are covered in

documents such as: (1) ASMT Recommended Minimum Personnel Practices (updated each year) ; (2)

ASMT National Minimum Standards for Clinical

Laboratories; and (3) National Committee for Clinical

Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) specifications for

biology and chemistry reagents or reference materials,

controls for equipment, etc. ASMT is very active in

the individual committees preparing these specifications. Within ASMT, individuals from the appropriate

scientific assemblies evaluate the proposals before the

society casts its official vote for acceptance of the

standards.

ASMT is also a member of the Medical Device

Technical Advisory Board of the American National

Standards Institute. International involvement in

standards for ASMT is through NCCLS which cooperates, where appropriate, in proposals for technical

standards. Other types of joint concerns for ASMT

and the international picture are carried out through

participation in the International Association of Medical Laboratory Technologists, which in turn, is a member of the World Health Organization. At present,

ASMT is working with the Food and Drug Administration in conducting a pilot project for surveillance of

products used in clinical laboratories.

Prior to 1972, ASMT was the American Society of

Medical Technologists. In 1972, the society officially

changed its name to the American Society for Medical

Technology.

Formerly: American Society of Clinical Laboratory

Technicians (1936).

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR METALS,

Metals Park,

Ohio 44073

This society, founded in 1920, publishes the ASM

Metals Handbook, a multiple-volume series. Eight

volumes of the eighth edition are now available. These

eight volumes are comprised of over 5000 pages of data

prepared by technical committees and individual

authors. Comprehensive coverage is given to properties,

selection, heat treating, cleaning, finishing, machining,

forming, forging, casting and welding of metals, and to subjects of a more scientific nature such as metallography, crystal structures, and alloy constitutions. In

a large measure these handbooks point up recom- mended practices, or summarize data that will be of

value to groups working on standardization. The society maintains representation on the Engineer's Joint

Council, and the Joint Committee on Definitions of

Terms Relating to the Heat Treatment of Metals. This

committee reports to the American Foundrymen's

Society, American Society for Metals, American Society

for Testing and Materials, and to the Society of Automotive Engineers.

Formerly: American Society for Steel Treating

(1934).

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR

NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING, INC.,

914 Chicago Avenue,

Evanston, Illinois 60202

The American Society for Nondestructive Testing,

Inc. (ASNT), was founded in 1941 as the American

Industrial Radium and X-Ray Society, Inc., as a nonprofit, nongovernment organization operating under

the charter issued by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Subsequent to the changed name in 1945, the

society was re-chartered in Illinois. Its primary efforts are in the field of education and spreading the word

of the many facets of nondestructive testing and materials evaluation through educational institutions,

industry and the membership of the society. It has

assisted in the preparation of standards and specifications through its members being involved in the activities of American National Standards Institute and

American Society for Testing and Materials. Its only

self-produced document that some might consider a standard is SNT-TC-IA, a five-volume set entitled

Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing

Personnel Qualification and Certification. The actual

certification of the personnel involved is the responsibility of the employer.

Close liaison is maintained with many governmental

bodies through committee activity and membership on

pertinent committees.

The society's active work is produced through the

established councils, technical and educational, and

the many committees and divisions of these councils.

These concern themselves with every facet of the

methodologies of nondestructive testing and with the

preparation of technical programs for conferences,

seminars and symposia. The Educational Council

works closely with colleges and other educational insti- tutions in the field of curriculum and also assists in

the teaching of such courses wherever possible.

The society publishes a journal. Materials Evaluation, on a monthly basis; a Newsletter on a monthly

basis; maintains a large number of titles of technical

books for sale as well as its own two-volume Nondestructive Testing Handbook. This last item is now

undergoing a complete revision and will appear in

multi-volumes as prepared and printed.

37
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR

QUALITY CONTROL,

161 West Wisconsin Avenue,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203

As the professional organization in the quality

control field, ASQC has actively developed and published standards since its organization in 1946. It assumed cognizance of American War Standards

Zl.l and Zl.2-1941, Guide for Quality Control and

Control Chart Method of Analyzing Data, and Z1.3-

1942, Control Chart Method of Controlling Quality

During Production, which were revised in 1958 as ASQC Standards Bl, B2, B3 (ASA Zl.l, 1.2, 1.3- 1958) and reaffirmed by the American National

Standards Institute in 1968. The society, has also

published the following standards: Al-1971, Definitions and Symbols for Control Charts (American

National Standard Zl.5-1971) ; A2-1972, Definitions

and Symbols for Acceptance Sampling by Attributes

(American National Standard Zl.6-1971) ; A3-1971,

Glossary of General Terms Used in Quality Control

(American National Standard Zl. 7-1971) ; and

Cl-1968 (American National Standard Zl.8-1971)

Specification of General Requirements for a Quality

Program. It also has cognizance over American

National Standard Zl.4-1971, Sampling Procedures

and Tables for Inspection by Attributes, and American

National Standard Zl.9-1972, Sampling Procedures

and Tables for Inspection by Variables for Percent

Defective. ASQC participates in international standardization through its members who are accredited by

the American National Standards Institute as delegates to International Organization for Standardization Committee TC 69 and International Electrotechnical Committee TC 56.

The society's Standards Committee is required to keep under observation concepts, symbols, nomenclature, terms, definitions and procedures in use in the

quality control field; to select, prepare and recommend

those items which the society would find advantageous

to standardize; and to provide liaison with national

and international standards programs in the quality

engineering field. AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING

AND MATERIALS,

1916 Race Street,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

ASTM is a nonprofit corporation formed for the

development of standards on the characteristics and

performance of materials, products, systems, and

services, and the promotion of related knowledge. In

ASTM terminology, standards include test methods,

definitions, recommended practices, classifications,

and specifications. Founded in 1898, ASTM was

formally incorporated in 1902, and has an international membership of over 20,000.

As of July, 1973, over 4900 standard specifications,

methods of tests, and definitions were in effect and

hundreds of research projects were underway involving some 13,500 of the country's leading engineers,

scientists, research workers and educators. All of this

activity is of tremendous import to American industry, municipal, state and Federal governments, and

other bodies and nations. Its standards and other

activities are used throughout the world.

Membership—Of the more than 20,000 regular

members of the society, about 2,600 are corporate

memberships, and the balance are individuals, universities, technical schools, technical societies and libraries; 15 percent of which is from outside of the United

States. Of these members, approximately 13,500

occupy 44,000 berths on the society's 120 main and

1300 subcommittees.

Purpose and Activity—In both phases of activity,

standardization and research, the ASTM standing

technical committees occupy a most important position. It has been rightly said that these committees

are the heart of ASTM. An understanding of their

organization and how they function in relation to the

parent society is essential. At the outset, it should be

stated that the activity is of a cooperative nature, and

all members of the committees serve voluntarily. The

committees function under definite regulations, governing the personnel and methods of procedure. Each

committee is made up of three main classes of membership—producers, users, and general interests. This

latter class is comprised of independent authorities

who have expert knowledge of the materials to be

studied, but who are not concerned directly with their

production or use. The producer group may not

exceed the combined total of users and general interest groups in any committee. It is recognized that no

specification covering the quality and methods of test- ing a material or product will come into wide usage

unless it is satisfactory to both the consumer and

producer. The ASTM setup is thus fundamental in its standardization procedure, whereby the producrs and

consumers are brought together on an equal footing.

Standardization Procedure—Proposed standards or

revisions of existing standards originate in the committee having jurisdiction in that particular field. After detailed study and work involving methods of

determining properties of materials, nomenclature,

etc., a proposed standard is evolved which is submitted

at a meeting of the committee. Actions affecting the

proposed standard are subject to a nine-tenths

approval by letter ballot vote of the entire committee.

Each standard, before adoption by the society, is then

submitted to a letter ballot vote of the entire society

membership, and a nine-tenths favorable vote of

those voting is necessary before adoption.

Research, Knowledge of Materials—Obviously,

research and standardization go hand-in-hand. C. B. Dudley, the society's first president and a pioneer in

the development of specifications, after enumerating

certain requirements of a workable specification for a material, states that "above all it should embody

within itself the results of the latest and best studies

of the properties of the material which it covers."

Early recognition of this fact and its continued

recognition through the years undoubtedly has con38
tributed more basically than any other factor to the

wide use and established authority of the society's

standards.

Painstaking investigation and study of experience

accumulated over years of service are often required

before an adequate specification can be prepared.

Agreement must be reached on the properties of

materials to be specified and the methods of testing

them. Due cognizance of manufacturing details, methods of inspection, and marking, should be given.

The society sponsors research in different ways, but

primarily through the extensive activities of its many

standard and research committees. These are correlated by a Standing Committee on Research. This

group also has charge of the research fund from

which contributions are made, as the need arises, to further worthy research projects.

An important factor also, is the opportunity afforded

technical and research investigators to give results of

their work in papers at ASTM meetings. Each year

many such contributions containing important data

and information on the properties of materials and

their testing are published. This activity is a vital

factor in the continuing education of engineers and

scientists concerned with materials.

Cooperation with Other Groups and the Federal

Government—The society recognizes the value and

importance of cooperating with other organizations

wherever a common interest exists. Accordingly, the

society has joined with other national and international bodies in a great many investigative movements. A phase of cooperation which ASTM believes

is most important in advancing the knowledge of

engineering materials, is the joint sponsorship with

other groups of symposia held on important engineering topics. The society has cooperated with such bodies

as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers,

American Foundrymen's Society, Society of Automotive Engineers, American Society of Civil Engineers,

Soil Science Society of America, and many others.

Among other societies and activities in which ASTM

is officially represented are the following: National

Research Council, Metal Properties Council, Textile

Research Institute, National Safety Council, International Union of Testing and Research Laboratories for

Materials and Structure, Inter-Society Color Council,

and others.

The society was one of the five originators of the

American Standards Association (now the American

National Standards Institute), a clearinghouse for

standardization activities. Approximately one-half of

the standards recognized as American National Standards were developed by ASTM committees.

ASTM also plays a major role in United States

participation in international standardization through

the personnel of its technical committees, and the

worldwide use of ASTM standards.

Numerous divisions of the Federal Government,

including virtually every federal department, cooperate closely with the society and its technical

committees, and the assistance rendered by the Federal, state, and municipal governments is invaluable.

Agencies including the General Services Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, Atomic

Energy Commission, National Aeronautics and Space

Administration, National Science Foundation, Federal

Trade Commission, Consumer Product Safety Commission, and Veterans Administration have rendered

much service. All of these groups, of course, receive

benefits from their work since many ASTM standards

are used by the Federal Government; and the society,

by publishing various technical contributions from the

Government, helps to disseminate knowledge.

Particular mention should be made of the cooperation of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and

its personnel. The latter is a relatively large group of

scientists and engineers of broad training and experi- ence concerned especially with developing factual

information on many problems related to materials,

and as such bring to the large number of ASTM

technical committees on which they are active, an

invaluable background. The NBS personnel is the

largest "general interest" group in the society.

Service branches of the Federal Government are

active in ASTM work, with the Army, Navy and Air

Force being represented on committees. They help

with various research projects and are vitally con- cerned with the requirements in ASTM specifications

and tests. Marking Requirements in ASTM Standards—Many

of the ASTM specifications require that the product

covered shall be marked or identified as to name or brand of the manufacturer, kind of material (in case

of different grades or classes), certain testing information (hydrostatic test pressure, in case of pipe), and

the ASTM serial designation identifying the specific

standard.

Publications—The methods of publishing standards

and the very widespread distribution of these publications aid greatly in facilitating their use. For ease of

reference, the standards are published in collective

form and each is also issued in separate pamphlet

form. Predominant in interest is the Book of ASTM

Standards. Each of its present 33 parts is published

annually in various months of the year. A listing of

their titles will give some idea of the tremendous

breadth of the society's interest in materials, products,

systems, and services. Part 1 on Steel Piping Materials; Part 2 on Ferrous Castings; Part 3 on Steel

Sheet, Strip, Bar, Rod, Wire, Chain and Springs;

Wrought Iron Bar and Sheet; Metallic Coated Products; Part 4 on Structural Steel, Concrete Reinforcing

Steel; Boiler and Pressure Vessel Plate, Steel Rails,

Wheels, and Tires; Bearing Steel; Steel Forgings;

Ferrous Filler Metal; Ferro-AUoys; Part 5 on Copper

and Copper alloys (including Electrical Conductors) ; Part 6 on Light Metals and Alloys (including Electrical Conductors) ; Part 7 on Nonferrous Metals and

Alloys (including Corrosion Tests) ; Die Cast Metals;

Electrodeposited Metallic Coatings; Metal Powders;

Nonferrous Filler Metal; Part 8 on Magnetic Properties; Metallic Materials for Thermostats and for

Electrical Resistance, Heating, and Contacts; Materials for Electron Devices and Microelectronics; Part 9

39
on Cement; Lime; Gypsum; Part 10 on Concrete and

Mineral Aggregates; Part 11 on Bituminous Materials

for Highway Construction, Waterproofing, and Roofing; Soils; Skid Resistance; Part 12 on Mortars; Clay

and Concrete Pipe and Tile; Masonry Units; AsbestosCement Products; Building Stone; Part 13 on Refractories; Glass, Ceramic Materials; Part 14 on Thermal

Insulation, Acoustical Materials; Joint Sealants; Fire

Tests; Building Constructions; Part 15 on Paper; Packaging; Cellulose; Casein; Flexible Barrier Materials;

Leather; Part 16 on Structural Sandwich Constructions; Wood; Adhesives; Part 17 on Petroleum Products—Fuels, Solvents, Engine Tests, Burner Fuel Oils,

Lubricating Oils, Cutting Oils, Lubricating Greases,

Hydraulic Fluids; Part 18 on Petroleum Products

Measurement and Sampling, Liquefied Petroleum

Gases, Light Hydrocarbons, Plant Spray Oils, Sulfonates, Crude Petroleum, Petrolatum, Wax, Graphite;

Part 19 on Gaseous Fuels; Coal and Coke; Part 20 on

Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products—Materials Specifications and Tests; Naval Stores; Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Part 21 on Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products— Tests for Formulated Products and Applied Coatings; Part 22 on Sorptive Mineral Materials; Soap; Engine Antifreezes ; Wax

Polishes; Halogenated Organic Solvents; Part 23 on

Industrial Water; Atmospheric Analysis, Part 24 on

Textile Materials—Yarns, Fabrics, General Methods;

Part 25 on Textile Materials—Fibers, Tire Cords,

Felts, Nonwoven Fabrics, Floor Coverings, Zippers;

Part 26 on Plastics—General Methods of Testing; Part

28 on Rubber; Carbon Black; Gaskets; Part 29 on

Electrical Insulating Materials; Part 30 on General

Testing Methods ; Fatigue; Statistical Methods; Appearance Tests; Temperature Measurement; Effect of Temperature; Part 31 on Metallography; Nondestructive

Testing; Radioisotopes and Radiation Effects; Industrial Chemicals; Emission, Absorption and Mass Spectroscopy; Part 32 on Chemical Analysis of Metal;

Sampling and Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores; and

Part 33, Index.

In addition to these, there are several hundred

adjuncts to the Book of ASTM Standards. These are comparison standards that cannot be included in the

book and must be made available separately. They

include such things as reference photographs for

metallic grain size and microstructures, for appear- ance of cotton yarns, for paint blistering, for inclusions

in steel and for magnetic-particle indications of faults

in metals. They include actual specimens of mica for

grading visual and electrical quality, and sets of

aluminum strips on which have been lithographed

colors typical of the corrosion products on copper

after exposure to gasoline and other fuels. They also

include replicas of the color standard to determine

the thermal stability of aviation turbine fuels. A great many of the society's standards are reprinted by industrial companies and are used in

textbooks and reference publications. Permission to reprint is frequently given; however, the society has

invoked a modest charge for the right to reprint

standards when the published material is used for

commercial purposes.

Especially notable has been the widespread use of

ASTM standards in various building codes such as those recommended by the Building Officials Confer- ence of America Inc., Southern Building Congress,

American Insurance Association, International Building Officials Conference, the codes issued by New

York City, Chicago, Boston, and others. The Materials

Section of the Boiler Code Committee of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers is based on ASTM specifications. There are numerous other re- lated ways in which ASTM specifications are used.

The society's technical magazine, Journal of Test- ing and Evaluation, is published bimonthly and is effective in promoting the knowledge of the society's

activities and stimulating the use of its specifications

and tests. In addition, there is a monthly news magazine, ASTM Standardization News, and two quarterlies, Journal of Forensic Science and Tire Science and

Technology. ASTM publishes over 30 books on various

technical topics each year. Through numerous meetings, the Annual Meeting and Committee Weeks of

the Society, and various local and national meetings,

the importance of standardization is stressed. Mention

should be made of the close cooperation of a great

many technical and business journals that, with

knowledge of the essential nature of the society's

work, include technical articles and new accounts of

the progress in the field of engineering materials

where ASTM functions.

Formerly: American Section, International Association for Testing Materials (1902).

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURAL

ENGINEERS,

2950 Niles Road,

St. Joseph, Michigan 49085

The American Society of Agricultural Engineers was

founded in 1907. ASAE is a technical and professional

society for engineers with interest relating to the

production and processing of food, feed and fiber. The

society has five technical divisions: Power and

Machinery, Soil and Water, Electric Power and

Processing, Structures and Environment, and Food

Engineering. The society's standardization effort, consisting of 10-25 percent of the total program, relates

to the development and distribution of officially

adopted voluntary standards, recommendations and

data. This activity is coordinated by the Assistant

Secretary for Technical Activities.

ASAE participates on U.S. Technical Advisory

Groups for International Organization for Standardization, ISO/TC 23, Agricultural Tractors and Machinery,

and ISO/TC 131, Fluid Power Systems and Components. ASAE standards form the basis of numerous

draft proposals for the LInited States on agricultural

tractors and machinery.

ASAE participated heavily in the recent Department

of Transportation study concerning the need for

regulations on agricultural tractors operated on public

40
highways. ASAE, through its members, provides

technical support for the development of needed

regulations for agriculture under the Department of

Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Act. ASAE

standards serve as the basis for regulations being proposed to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration by its Agricultural Advisory Committee.

All ASAE standards, recommendations and data are published in the Agricultural Engineers Yearbook. The

1973 edition includes 130 standards. An index and

price list is available from ASAE Headquarters on

request.

Since ASAE is the principle organization in the

United States developing standards for agriculture,

ASAE standards are considered national in scope. As a member organization of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), ASAE has promulgated several

standards through ANSI. The Agricultural Engineers

Yearbook includes a roster of ASAE committees. Information concerning standardization projects is available from ASAE Headquarters on request.

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

ANESTHESIOLOGISTS,

515 Busse Highway,

Park Ridge, Illinois 60068

This society, founded in 1905, is the sponsor of the

American National Standards Sectional Committee

Z79 on Standards for Anesthesia and Respiratory

Equipment. The work of this committee is devoted to: terminology, definition, units of measure, identification, dimensions and tolerances, and methods of test of anesthesia and breathing machine connecting

pieces—including breathing tubes, masks and bags

from the patient to the machine. The committee has

produced Standard Specifications for Endotracheal

Tubes Z79.1-1960, and Specifications for Endotracheal

Tube Connectors and Adaptors Z79.2-1961. In the

final preparation stage, after approval by ballot are standards Tracheal Tubes and Cuffs Z79.1, Oropharyngeal Airways Z79.3, and Anesthetic Reservoir Bags

Z79.4. The American Society of Anesthesiologists was

host to a plenary meeting in Boston on October 9th

and 12th, 1972 of International Organization for

Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee 121

which covers the same work as the American National

Standards Committee Z79. The ISO draft standards

approved on October 12th, 1972 were: Tracheal

Tubes, 121/WG 2 N 67; Anaesthetic Reservoir Bags.

121/WG 2 N 68; Oropharyngeal Airways, 121/WG

N 69; Breathing Machines for Medical Use, 121/WG

3 N 96; and Terminology, 121 N 69 ( =121/WG N 41 —Terms Relating to Anaesthetic Equipment. Subject

to small amendments agreed by ISO/TC 121 WG 4

including the title to be Terms Relating to Anaesthesiology, 121/WG 4 N 51E—Terms Relating to Breathing Machines. Subject to small amendments,

121/WG 4 N 52—Terms Relating to Modes of Administration of Anaesthetics.

In each case they are almost identical to the American National Standards Z79 drafts.

The American Society of Anesthesiologists has, in

addition, a Committee on Mechanical Equipment

which maintains liaison with the standardization work

of other professional and technical bodies in the

medical field. Formerly: Long Island Society of Anesthetists

(1912); New York Society of Anesthetists (1935);

American Society of Anesthetists (1935).

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

CINEMATOGRAPHERS,

1782 North Orange Drive,

Hollywood, California 90028

The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC)

was founded in 1919. The Research and Educational

Committee of this society is engaged in standardization activities on an interdepartmental basis within the

motion picture industry.

The versatility and rapid expansion of present day

wide screen motion picture production methods necessitate immediate standardization of procedures within

the industry for methods, equipment and/ or agreements on aperture dimensions. One example of the

society's work in this regard is ASC Recommendation

No. 13, covering the newly developed Techniscope

wide screen production method which is at present

followed by all major studios throughout the world.

This document sets forth technical facts as well as dimensions for camera aperture and ground glass

and/ or finder markings.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS,

345 East 47th Street,

New York, New York 10017

The ASCE was founded in 1852 for the advancement of the science and profession of engineering.

Under certain circumstances it produces national

standards, but in general participates through

appointed representatives to standards-producing organizations, as well as through review of new standards

and codes as they are formulated.

National issues on standards are the concern of the

ASCE Committee on Standards and its Task Committees on building codes, metrication, nuclear standards,

and performance standards for excavations and

foundations.

Presently more than 150 members of ASCE repre- sent the society on over 75 standards and code activities of other organizations, including the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI), the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the American Iron and Steel Institute, the National Sanitation

Foundation, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the

American Institute of Architects, and the National

Association of Home Builders. ASCE is also represented on several International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committees.

In working with these organizations, ASCE pre- pares, publishes and votes on materials as appropriate

to the society, and these usually result in some form

41
of published American National Standard or other suit- able standards media. The Manuals and Reports on

Engineering Practice listed in the General Information

Section of the ASCE Register provide some information on ASCE publications related to standards.

Formerly: American Society of Civil Engineers and

Architects (1868).

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ELECTROPLATED

PLASTICS, INC.,

1000 Vermont Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

The American Society of Electroplated Plastics is a nonprofit organization devoted to improving the

efficiency of its industry and to promoting the use of

electroplated plastics. ASEP was organized in 1966

and incorporated in the State of Pennsylvania in 1967.

As the only national association representing the elec- troplated plastics industry in the U.S., ASEP has a domestic and foreign membership of 65 companies.

The standardization program accounts for roughly

70 percent of ASEP's activities. ASEP's Standards and

Guidelines, first promulgated in 1967, has approximately doubled in size as the technology of this new

industry has grown. Since the inception of the

standardization program, ASEP has worked with the

American Society for Testing and Materials in

developing specifications, four of which have already

received ASTM approval. ASEP standards and guidelines govern such considerations as: parts design;

mold design; substrate fabrication requisites; plastic

product qualification; test procedures and standards

(including standard test panel, adhesion, corrosion,

thermal cycling, and appearance) ; performance capabilities (including substrate, plate construction, and

proven applications) ; handling of molded parts for

plating; and industry terms. ASEP's Industry Standards Committee is responsible for coordinating changes

to Standards and Guidelines. Registered holders of

ASEP's Standards and Guidelines automatically

receive new specifications and other changes as they

are developed.

No formal international standards agreements exist. However, several overseas firms hold copies of Standards and Guidelines for their information and use. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ENOLOGISTS,

P.O. Box 411,

Davis, California 95616

The American Society of Enologists is an association

of trained enologists, viticulturists and other wine

specialists organized in 1950 and incorporated in 1951

in California, as a nonprofit corporation exclusively

for scientific and literary purposes in this field. It publishes the American Journal of Enology and

Viticulture, a quarterly devoted primarily to original

research papers, but also with short abstracts or reviews of books and research papers related to enology.

Under the Technical Projects Committee uniform

methods of analysis applicable to wine are studied,

collaboratively, and recommended if found satisfactory. Their most recent publication Uniform Methods

of Analyses for Wines and Spirits, American Society

of Enologists, 1972, lists 11 methods for alcohol, Brix,

pH, sulfur dioxide, copper, iron total and volatile acid.

Other methods are under study.

Other activities include sponsorship of scholarships

and an annual meeting with presentation of research

papers and exhibition of apparatus and equipment.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING,

REFRIGERATING AND

AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS,

United Engineering Center,

345 East 47th Street,

New York, New York 10017

ASHRAE, founded in 1894, has contributed standards vital to man's well-being and comfort—in office buildings, factories, school and home construction; in

food and beverage processing, storage and distribution; in solar energy utilization; and, more recently, in

the nation's space program. The society is organized

and operated for the exclusive purpose of advancing

the arts and sciences of heating, refrigeration, air- conditioning and ventilation, the allied arts and sci- ences, and related human factors for the benefit of

the general public. To fulfill its role, the society shall

recognize the effect of its technology on the environment and natural resources to protect the welfare of

posterity.

Probably no ASHRAE activity or accomplishment

has a more direct influence upon living conditions

than its standards. ASHRAE standards are developed

to assist industry and public by offering a uniform

method of testing equipment for rating purposes, by

suggesting safe practices in designing and installing

such equipment, by providing other information which

may serve to guide the industry. ASHRAE standards

have been referred to by national and international

agencies, as well as being source documents for the

development of American National Standards (ANSI).

The prime responsibility for the development of

standards is within the scope of the ASHRAE

Standards Committee. This committee is supported by

a staff organization administered by the Director of

Standards. ASHRAE Standards Project Committees

are continually in the process of promulgating new

standards, as well as reviewing current standards so

that they will reflect technical advances in the areas which they cover. At present the society has 35

standards available. ASHRAE has for many years

been a member of the American National Standards

Institute (ANSI). The society holds a secretariat for a number of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) technical committees and has taken the

lead in submitting several standards for consideration

as international standards. The standardization program has grown tremendously since 1940 with the

increased cooperation among countries in the standardization field. About one third of the total society

42
program is related to the national and international

standardization program.

ASHRAE has cooperated with a number of Government agencies, principally with the National Bureau

of Standards in supporting technical programs, but

there has not been any involvement with Government agencies in the development of specific

standards.

Formed by merger of: American Society of Heating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. and the American Society of Refrigerating Engineers (1959)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LUBRICATION

ENGINEERS,

838 Busse Highway,

Park Ridge, Illinois 60068

This society was organized in 1944 to encourage the

active cooperation of industry and the professions in

advancing the knowledge and application of the art of

lubrication in all its branches. To support and stimulate the study and development of the theory and

practice of the techniques of lubrication, this society

develops and promulgates standards on industrial

lubricants and lubrication practices. This activity

began in 1962. A total of twenty standards have been

published to date. These standards are national in

scope. A list of standards may be obtained by writing

to the above address.

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS,

United Engineering Center,

345 East 47th Street,

New York, New York 10017

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers was

incorporated on December 24, 1881.

ASME is a professional society organized to: promote the art and science of mechanical engineering

and the allied arts and sciences; encourage original

research; foster engineering education; advance the

standards of engineering; promote the intercourse of

engineers among themselves and with allied technologists; broaden the usefulness of the engineering profession in cooperation with other engineering and

technical societies; and promote a high level of ethical

practice.

The development of codes and standards is an

important part of the society's activity to promote the

art and science of mechanical engineering. The ASME

Policy Board, Codes and Standards, supervises the

standardization activities of the society under the

authority delegated to it by the ASME Council which is the governing board of ASME. The Managing Director,

Codes and Standards, serves as the Secretary of the

Policy Board, Codes and Standards.

The organization participates actively in international standardization through its sponsorship of

American National Standards Committees which serve

as the USA Technical Advisory Groups for the Inter- national Organization for Standardization (ISO). In

addition, ASME sponsors several USA Technical

Advisory Groups for activities which do not have

corresponding American National Standards Committees.Many branches of the Federal Government are represented on standards committees sponsored by

ASME. Among these are: U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Commerce, U.S. Department

of Defense, U.S. Department of Health, Education,

and Welfare, U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S.

Department of Labor, Atomic Energy Commission,

Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Power

Commission, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Veterans Administration, and

the U.S. Postal Service. In addition, liaison is maintained with the U.S. Department of Transportation. ASME operates a certification program in

connection with its boiler code activity for boilers,

pressure vessels, and nuclear plant components. The

society authorizes manufacturers to apply ASME Code

Symbol Stamps to their product, indicating compli- ance with the ASME Boiler Code.

The society currently published 360 standards in all fields of mechanical engineering. The ASME Publications Catalog lists ASME publications as well as its standards.

ASME sponsors the following standards committees: Boiler Code; Performance Test Code; Controls

and Safety Devices for Automatically Fired Boilers

and Warm Air Furnaces; Decompression Chambers

and Transfer Capsules; Codes and Standards Education; Gas Pipeline Committee; Food, Drug and Beverage Equipment Committee; Steam Turbines; Standardization of Therbligs, Process Charts, and Their

Symbols; Piston Rings; Diaphragm Actuated Control

Valve Terminology; Turbine Water Damage Prevention; Air Pollution Standards; Shielded Ignition

Systems for Industrial Engineers; A13-Scheme for

the Identification of Piping Systems; A17-Safety Code

for Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators and Moving

Walks; A40-National Plumbing Code; A90-Safety Code

for Manlifts; A112-Standardization of Plumbing Materials and Equipment; AllB-Safety Code for Mechanized Parking Garage Equipment; A120-Power

Operated Platforms Used for Exterior Building

Maintenance; Bl-Standardization and Unification of

Screw Threads; B2-Pipe and Hose Coupling Threads;

4-Allowances and Tolerances for Cylindrical Parts

and Limit Gages; B5-Machine Tool, Components,

Elements, Performance and Equipment; B15-Safety

Code for Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus;

B16-Standardization of Flanges, Fittings and Valves;

Bl7-Keys and Keyseats; B18-Standardization of Bolts,

Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Washers, and Similar Fasteners;

B19-Safety Standards for Compressor Systems; B20-

Safety Code for Conveyors and Related Equipment;

B27-Standardization of Retaining Rings, Retaining

Clips, and Similar Devices; B29-Transmission Chains

and Sprocket Teeth; BSO-Safety Code for Cranes,

Derricks, Hoists, Jacks and Slings; B31-Code for

Pressure Piping; B32-Standardization of Wire Diam43
eters and Metal Thicknesses; B36-Standarclization of

Wrought-Iron and Wrought-Steel Tubing and Pipe;

B40-Specifications for Pressure and Vacuum Gauges;

B46-Classification and Designation of Surface Qualities; B47-Gage Blanks; B55-V-Belts and V-Belt Drives;

B56-Safety Standard for Powered Industrial Trucks;

B73-Centrifugal Pumps for Chemical Industry Use;

BSS-Calibration of Measuring Systems for Pressure,

Temperature, Fluid Flow and, Liquid Level; B89-

Dimensional Metrology; B94-Cutting Tools, Holders,

Drivers and Bushings; B95-Terminology for Pressure

Relief Devices; B102-Industrial Corundum Bearings;

B106-Design of Transmission Shafting; BIOT-Socket

Wrenches and Socket Wrench Drives; B118-0verrunning Clutches; B133-Gas Turbines—Procurement;

C85-Terminology for Automatic Control; MHl-Standardization of Pallets; MH5-Standardization of Freight

Containers; MHll-Power or Hand Operated Handling

Trucks; MH14-Industrial Loading Ramps; N45-Reactor Plants and Their Maintenance; Yl-Abbreviations;

YlO-Letter Symbols; Y14-Standards for Drawings and

Drafting Practice; Y15-Preferred Practice for the

Preparation of Graphs, Charts, and Other Technical

Illustrations; Y32-Graphic Symbols and Designations;

Z94-Industrial Engineering Teririinology ; Z228-Incineration; Technical Advisory Groups for ISO/TCll,

Boilers and Pressure Vessels; ISO/TC30, Measurement

of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits; IEC/TC4, Hydraulic

Turbines; and IEC/TC5, Steam Turbines. In addition,

ASME has representation on 101 standards writing

committees sponsored by other organizations.

The society promotes the use of its standards

through press releases to technical magazines and by

direct mail publicity to its 66,000 members.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF

PHOTOGRAMMETRY,

105 North Virginia Avenue,

Falls Church, Virginia 22046

Founded in 1934, the American Society of Photogrammetry is primarily concerned with the art, science

and technology of measuring and interpreting photographic images. Its scope of interest includes the fields

of aerial photography, photogrammetric surveys, photographic interpretation and remote sensing. A

monthly journal, Photogrammetric Engineering, is devoted to new developments, equipment, techniques,

and applications in these areas. The society publishes manuals which are generally

accepted as standards of reference. These include the

Manual of Photogrammetry, the Manual of Photographic Interpretation, and the Manual of Color Aerial

Photography. A two-volume Manual of Remote Sensing is now in preparation.

A Committee on Standardization is currently developing the basis for a program of standardization within

the society's scope of interest. The Professional Activities Committee is concerned with ethical standards and

the certification of professional photogrammetrists. A

nomenclature committee contributes to Government

programs aimed at the standardization of definitions

and terminology.

The society is a member of and participates actively

in the work of the International Society for Photogrammetry.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLUMBING

ENGINEERS,

16161 Ventura Boulevard,

Suite 105,

Encino, California 91316

The American Society of Plumbing Engineers

(ASPE) is a professional technical society organized

to elevate the field of plumbing to professional status. ASPE was incorporated in 1964 as a nonprofit organization. It is the only international organization

devoted exclusively to the interests and concerns of

plumbing engineering.

Although ASPE does not publish standards, it is engaged in the important work of advising builders,

architects and property owners in the value, to them

and to their projects, of well conceived, carefully prepared plumbing drawings and clear, concise specifications. The society is actively represented on committees

such as the National Standards Plumbing Code Committee of the National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors, the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI), the American National

Standards Committee A40; International Association

of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (lAPMO) and

the American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE),

and on the local level, on numerous code and administrative authorities.

ASPE's code committees: (a) examine all regulatory codes pertaining to the plumbing industry to bring them into sharp focus. Thus, the plumbing engi- neer can join with governmental authorities to interpret and administer codes so that systems can be designed with a minimum of corrections or revisions

during the construction phase of the project, eliminating unnecessary costs; (b) submit proposed revisions or clarifications of codes to code writing authorities in

their campaign to simplify, standardize and modernize

all codes; and (c) offer advisory services to other or- ganizations or to governmental agencies involved in

writing or enacting codes.

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SAFETY

ENGINEERS,

850 Busse Highway,

Park Ridge, Illinois 60068

The society, founded in 1911, is composed of career

safety specialists, organized to promote and foster the

advancement of the profession and the well-being and

professional development of its members.

In 1973 the American Society of Safety Engineers

(ASSE) adopted the position that as an organization it would no longer participate in the development of

individual technical standards, however, it would continue to develop standards for the profession and/or

the professional safety engineer and participate in

standards policy bodies. These standards activities

44
remain under the supervision of the Vice-President of

Professional Affairs.

ASSE promotes the participation of industry, commerce, Government, labor, educational institutions,

etc., in the development of technical standards by

pointing out to the membership the need for them to urge their individual companies or organizations to become involved in such activities, to assure that any

resulting standards are effective and operable. The

society uses its limited resources for participation on

broader, policy-making committees of these organizations where representation of the profession is appropriate. It also recommends highly qualified specialists to the standards advisory committees being established

by Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA).

Absorbed: United Association of Casualty Inspectors (1914).

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF SANITARY

ENGINEERING,

960 Illuminating Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44113

This society was established in 1906 primarily for

the purpose of promoting health, welfare and safety

of the public through better sanitary principles as related to plumbing. The society has endeavored to develop rules and regulations for the advancement of

sanitary science in plumbing, encourage standardization and project the need for practical and scientifically

developed plumbing installations. As a help to both

manufacturers and local officials, the ASSE established

the Seal Program. This seal, displayed on a product,

will indicate that the product has been tested and

certified for compliance with the standard having the consensus of manufacturers of that class of product

and is acceptable to the ASSE. The Standards Committee is presently working to develop standards for

products relating to plumbing and sanitation.

Formerly: American Society of Inspectors of Plumbing and Sanitary Engineering.

AMERICAN SOD PRODUCERS'

ASSOCIATION,

Garmo Inc., Association Building,

9th and Minnesota,

Hastings, Nebraska 68901

The American Sod Producers' Association (ASPA)

is the national organization representing the sod industry. It was formally organized in 1967 with 40 charter

members as a nonprofit organization under the Statutes

of Ohio. Membership consists of sod producers and

associated interests such as equipment, seed, and

chemical suppliers and landscapers.

ASPA was formed with two broad objectives

encompassing the interests of its members in a united

effort toward (1) the production of better quality sod more efficiently and economically, and (2) to promote

the proper use of sod. In promoting the proper use of

sod, a major accomplishment is the advisory assistance

that is available in specifying the best adapted sod and

its proper installation. In this regard, national guideline specifications were drafted, printed and made

available for distribution. Assistance has been provided to various state and Federal agencies as well as

architects, landscapers, and a wide variety of professional turfgrass managers with sodding specifications.

Copies of the printed specifications are available from

the Executive Secretary. In addition, assistance can be

provided in writing specifications as well as advising on the proper use of sod.

AMERICAN SOYBEAN ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box 158

Hudson, Iowa 50643

This association, founded in 1920, is the nationwide

organization of soybean producers and is particularly

concerned with standardization of grades for soybeans

and soybean products, both for domestic sale and sale

into the export markets. Because the United States at present supplies about 90 percent of the soybeans that

move into world markets, it is essential that buyers

and handlers in other countries understand the standards established for U.S. beans. Therefore, one major

activity of the association is in the field of grading

standards for soybeans. The association works closely

with the Grain Division of the Department of Agriculture on this standards activity.

The association has a direct interest in the standards established for 44 percent protein soybean meal,

50 percent protein soybean meal, soy flour, and soy

grits. With a shortage of protein throughout the world,

it is important that there be established standards for

the new soy protein products, such as extruded and

texturized proteins, meat analogues and other com- muted new foods. These are new food products and

not substitutes for meats and other animal products.

Soy oil is the major source of edible vegetable oil throughout the world and, therefore, standards are important for crude, semirefined, and refined grades.

Soy oil is well qualified to serve in many other food

products such as margarine, shortenings, salad dressings, and cooking and salad oil. Since U.S. soybeans

and soybean products are relatively new commodities

in the world markets, there is the problem of acquainting buyers with U.S. grading standards, establishing

grading standards which are practical from our standpoint and from those of the buyer, and of changing the

standards when it is deemed desirable.

AMERICAN SPICE TRADE ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box 1267,

580 Sylvan Avenue,

Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632

This association, founded in 1907, maintains a Quality Control Committee whose function it is to adopt standards of quality for whole spices, seeds, and

herbs imported at American ports of entry. Also,

through the ASTA's Research Committee, in cooperation with RESEARCH 900, the values of the base

45
nutrient composition of spices have been developed.

These include not only ash, fat, fiber, moisture, protein, and calories, but the vitamin content as well. In

another Research Committee project conducted in

cooperation with the Wisconsin Alumni Research

Foundation, the content of twenty-one mineral ele- ments in a number of spices has been determined.

The association has developed a publication known

as Official Analytical Methods for analyzing spices.

These methods contain twelve general methods for

analyzing spices, eleven methods for analyzing specific

spices, and a method for the determination of ethylene

oxide in spices.

AMERICAN VACUUM SOCIETY,

335 East 45th Street,

New York, New York 10017

The American Vacuum Society (AVS) was founded

in 1953 as the Committee on Vacuum Techniques,

Inc. In 1958, the name was changed to the American

Vacuum Society. AVS seeks to advance and disseminate knowledge concerning vacuum science and technology, thin films, vacuum metallurgy and surface

science.

The Standards Committee, one of seven standing

committees of AVS, administers the standardization

activities. There are currently 25 vacuum standards

issued by the society which are considered national in

scope. The new AVS standards are published in the

Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology and eventually will be submitted to the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI) for adoption.

The new current projects of the Standards Committee are: procedures for calibrating McLeod gauges;

procedures for calibrating equipment used in evaporation processes; and design and fabrication of rugged

ionization gauge suitable as transfer standards.

The Standards Committee maintains liaison with

the American Society for Testing and Materials and

other standards-writing bodies whose interest border on vacuum technology. On an international level, AVS

serves as an advisory body to ANSI for representation on the Vacuum Technology Committee, TC/112, of

the International Organization for Standardization

(ISO).

AMERICAN WATCHMAKERS

INSTITUTE INC.,

P.O. Box 11011,

Cincinnati, Ohio 45211

Founded in 1960 after a merger of two earlier organizations, the Horological Institute of America and

the United Horological Association of America. AWI

is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to the advancement of horology. Its more than 4,000 members are watchmakers and others who have acquired a horological background through selling, servicing or collecting

horological items. Activities include technical bulletins, a certification program, professional seminars, regional

meetings, vocational brochures, technical service, a

monthly newsletter, and maintenance of the Packard

watch collection. AWI lends slide and film-illustrated

scripts to its members.

In general, the activity of the institute is involved in

standards of craftsmenship. This is achieved through

the dissemination of technical bulletins, and certification examinations—two types: certified watchmaker

and master certified watchmakers, and finally, participation in state licensing. Former activities were: Standards Committee participation in the United

States of America Standards Institute's (now the

American National Standards Institute) program on

the Standardization of Corundum Bearings in Horology, a request from the Department of the Army to review standards on chronometers, and a request from

the U.S. Bureau of Standards to review railroad time

standards. On an international plane, the British Horological Society had requested an opinion from the

institute in regard to the proper placement of jewels

in a 17 jewel watch.

Finally the institute aims to standardize the technical teaching techniques in the United States through

its Education Committee which operates through the

schools.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS

ASSOCIATION,

6666 West Quincy Avenue,

Denver, Colorado 80235

The American Water Works Association (AWWA)

was founded March 29, 1881 to advance the knowledge

of the design, construction, operation and management

of water utilities in the production and distribution

of safe and adequate community water supplies.

AWWA's standards program, the largest national

direct participation program of the association, involves

approximately 680 committee members. This standards

program is administered by the AWWA Standards

Council and operates under procedures approved by

the AWWA Board of Directors. Early in 1973 the procedures were approved by the American National

Standards Institute Board of Standards Review as adequate for the development of a national consensus. The procedures apply to standards and related publications such as books, manuals, handbooks and reports

developed by conmiittees of the Standards Council or by committees jointly sponsored with other organizations. A brief report of the Standards Council appears

in the AWWA Yearbook. Since AWWA is the major

national representative of the water utility industry in

the United States, its standards are considered national

in scope. The association is publisher of the standards

for design and installation, painting, and inspection

and repair of steel tanks produced by the Joint Committee on Steel Tanks which is jointly sponsored by

AWWA, the American Welding Society, and the New

England Water Works Association. In cooperation with

committees of the American Public Health Association

and the Water Pollution Control Federation, a committee of this association assists in the preparation and

periodic revision of the 874-page book. Standard Meth46
ods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater,

now in its 13th edition. The 14th edition is scheduled

for publication in late 1974 or early 1975. Future editions will be published every two years. AWWA holds

the Administrative Secretariat for American National

Standards Committee B58 on Vertical Turbine Pumps

and American National Standards Committee A21 on

Cast-iron Pipe and Fittings. Cosecretariats for American National Standards Committee A21 are the American Gas Association and the New England Water

Works Association. The AWWA currently has representatives on 12 standards committees of other

organizations.

The AWWA Yearbook contains a complete list of

standards committees, including their scopes and membership. Currently there are 68 standards for products

and materials and 132 standard test methods for examination of water. The product and material standards

are listed in the AWWA Publications Catalog which is published as a part of the AWWA Yearbook, and is available free of charge to anyone who requests it. The

water test methods are a part of a larger book entitled

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater.

Presently there is no certification program, however,

the Standards Committee on Steel Tanks is attempting

to develop a self-certification program for manufacturers and formulators of paint systems for steel water

storage tanks.

Federal Government activities are part of the standardization program of the association. To this end

AWWA cooperates with the Department of Defense

Standardization Program Analysis, Federal Supply

Class 6810, Chemicals.

There is also an active international program. The

association participates in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) TC5/SC2, Cast Iron

and Ductile Iron Pipe; ISO TC 147, Water Quality;

and ISO/TC 30/SC7, Water Meters.

AMERICAN WAX IMPORTERS AND

REFINERS' ASSOCIATION,

225 West 34th Street,

New York, New York 10001

The association was formed in 1948 for the purpose

of establishing and maintaining a cordial and friendly

relationship among the members, and by united and

cooperative effort to develop, promote and protect the

interest of the industry.

It has established specifications, sampling and test methods for carnauba, candelilla and ouricury waxes

together with color standards for carnauba wax.

AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY,

2501 NW. 7th Street,

Miami, Florida 33125

The American Welding Society was founded in 1919. The technical committees of this society prepare standards such as codes, specifications, recom- mended practices and technical reports. The standards

emanating from these committees represent four broad

categories: (1) Welding Fundamentals—including

symbols, testing, definitions, filler metals, and safety

and health; (2) Welding Processes—including resist- ance welding; thermal spraying, brazing and soldering;

(3) Inspection of Welds, and Qualification of Welders

and Procedures; and (4) Industrial Applications of

Welding—pertaining to buildings, bridges, ships, stor- age tanks, automotive, piping and aerospace. The technical committees are composed of approximately 700

experts from the academic community and industry,

including producers and consumers, to ensure that the

standards reflect the best industrial practices. Symposiums and technical meetings are held to gather

information for standards. The society has published

more than 70 standards, and cooperates with other

organizations in the preparation and review of standards if they include welding.

The society is also involved in the preparation of

standards on the international level. As an active member of the International Institute of Welding, the society maintains liaison with the ISO committee on welding. The society sponsors a Technical Advisory Group

to ISO/TC44—Welding, which participates through

the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in

establishing the USA position for voting on draft

international standards. The society acts as technical

advisor to the American representation on the lEC

Committee on Welding.

The society participates in the ANSI Welding Technical Advisory Board (WTAB) which it helps to organize. The objective of the WTAB is to coordinate

welding standards development nationally.

AMERICAN WOOD INSPECTION AGENCY,

P.O. Box 5824,

Spartanhurg, South Carolina 29301

This organization is a nonprofit, nongovernment

corporation organized in 1973 to administrate a quality

control program for treating plants manufacturing

pressure preserved wood products. The five voting

Directors of the corporation are technical people knowledgeable in wood preservation and quality control, and

employed in an associated technical capacity. Tlie

members of the corporation are the pressure treating

companies subscribing to the quality control services

of the agency. Members are authorized to mark their

products with the AWIA quality mark if the quality of

their products, as determined by modern statistical methods, meet or exceed the minimum requirements

of the American Wood-Preservers' Association. The

agency contracts with various chemical laboratories

for the inspection of the preserved wood samples submitted by member treating plants. The results of these

inspections are used by the AWIA to rate the quality

of the material produced by the treating plants. The

AWIA has a quality control manual which sets forth

in detail the standard sampling and inspection procedures required for the AWIA quality control program.

47
This manual also contains the applicable American

Wood-Preservers' Association standards that set forth

the minimum treatment requirements for pressure

preserved wood.

AMERICAN WOOD-PRESERVERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1625 Eye Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

This association, in its seventieth year, has among

its principal objectives the standardization of specifications for wood preservatives and their introduction

into the materials to be preserved, and the improvement of materials and methods used in construction

with preserved wood. In carrying out its aims, the

association has published and keeps current 64 standards covering preservatives, treatment of commodities,

analysis methods, conversion tables and other miscellaneous standards. These standards are contained in

the AWPA's Book of Standards. The standards are referenced in state and Federal specifications and are widely used throughout the using and producing fields

of the industry.

AMERICAN WOOD-PRESERVERS BUREAU,

P.O. Box 6085,

2772 S. Randolph Street,

Arlington, Virginia 22206

AWPB, a nonprofit organization cooperating with

the American Wood-Preservers' Association and the

American Wood-Preservers Institute, it provides a nationally known Quality Mark that, when affixed to a

piece of wood certifies a definite preservative treat- ment.

The American Wood-Preservers Bureau has issued

quality control standards for water-borne and creosote

preservatives to assist specifiers and users in obtaining

properly pressure-treated products. Each standard stipulates the types and quantities of wood against termites

and decay for the end-use applications outlined in each

standard.

Standards published are: (1) AWPB Quality Mark

Lumber, Timber, Plywood, issued June 1973. The

standards include those for Softwood Lumber, Timber

and Plywood for Above Ground Use: Pressure Treated

with Water-Borne Preservatives (LP-2), Pressure

Treated with Light Petroleum Solvent-Penta Solution

(LP-3), Pressure Treated with Volatile Solvent (LPG) - Penta Solution (LP-4), Pressure Treated with Creosote

or Creosote Coal Tar Solutions (LP-5), Pressure

Treated with Heavy Petroleum Solvent-Penta Solution

(LP-7) ; and those for Softwood Lumber, Timber and

Plywood for Ground Contact Use: Pressure Treated

with Water-Borne Preservatives (LP-22), Pressure

Treated with Light Petroleum Solvent-Penta Solution

(LP-33), Pressure Treated with Volatile Petroleum

Solvent (LPG) -Penta Solution {LP-44), Pressure

Treated with Creosote or Creosote Coal Tar Solutions

(LP-55), and Pressure Treated with Heavy Petroleum

Solvent-Penta Solution (LP-77). (2) AWPB FDN,

Quality Control Program for Softwood Lumber, Timber and Plywood Pressure Treated with Water-Borne

Preservatives for Ground Contact Use in Residential

and Light Commercial Foundations, issued February

1972. (3) AWPB Quality Mark Marine Piling, issued

July 1971.

ANTI FRICTION BEARING

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

60 East 42nd Street,

New York, New York 10017

The Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers' Association was founded in 1933. The Annular Bearing

Engineers Committee, Roller Bearing Engineers Committee, and Ball Manufacturers Engineers Committee

are sponsored by this association. These engineering

committees develop and maintain the AFBMA Standards for Ball and Roller Bearings and Balls, which are published as a set of 13 booklets covering: terminology;

boundary dimensions; tolerances; definitions and gaging practices; bearing identification code; packaging

recommended method for domestic and export; shaft

and housing fits; mounting accessories; load ratings

and fatigue life for ball bearings; balls; load ratings

and fatigue life for roller bearings; instrument ball

bearings; and rolling bearing vibration and noise.

AFBMA cooperates with the American National

Standards Institute and International Organization for

Standardization on the development of national and

international standards. It also works with Government

agencies on the improvement of Federal specifications.

ARCHERY MANUFACTURERS'

ORGANIZATION,

618 Chalmers Street,

Flint, Michigan 48503

The Archery Manufacturers' Organization was

established in 1950 and it is a private, nonprofit, non- governmental organization. The primary purpose of the

corporation is to improve and promote the sport of

archery, improve and promote the business of archery

manufacturers; to further the business interests of and

promote friendly relationships with its members; to study ways and means of improving business methods

;

and to establish trade standards and to compile and

distribute to its members statistics and information

regarding the archery manufacturing industry.

The Standards Committee has provided the industry

with a series of carefully planned standards that

encompass: bow length, bow weights, arrow spine

charts, arrow length, arrow point taper, arrow nock

taper, bow string lengths, and bow and arrow nomenclature. The committee serves the organization in an

advisory capacity and also as an investigating unit.

Formerly: Archery Manufacturers and Dealers'

Association; Archery Manufacturers' Association

(1968).

48
ARCHITECTURAL PRECAST

ASSOCIATION,

825 East 64th Street,

Indianapolis, Indiana 46220

The Architectural Precast Association (APA) was

founded in 1966, for manufacturers of precast concrete

panels and their suppliers, to: ( 1 ) promote the dissemination of educational materials related to the manufacture and use of precast concrete; (2) promote

interest in precast concrete throughout the construction industry; and (3) encourage the adoption of the

standards and specifications of the association.

APA, with contributions from the Pikes Peak Chapter of The Construction Specifications Institute (CSI),

prepared Specifying: Precast Concrete Panels, CSI

Specification Series 03410, issued March, 1973 by CSI.

ARCHITECTURAL WOODWORK INSTITUTE,

5055 South Chesterfiekl Road,

Arlington, Virginia 22206

This institute was formed in 1953 and in 1958

absorbed the Millwork Cost Bureau, which was established in 1914. AWI carries on a sustained program of

standardization in the fields of cost accounting, esti- mating, detailing and billing, and the fabrication of

architectural woodwork, sometimes known as special

millwork, detail millwork or contract millwork. This is done through the following publications: AWI Cost

Accounting Manual (1963); AWI Operational Cost

Estimating Book (1960) ; Quality Standards for Architectural Woodwork (1973); Guide Specification for

Architectural Woodwork ( 1973 )

.

The institute also maintains and offers correspond- ence course training for estimators and detailers and

billers. Likewise, it publishes and distributes to architects and specification writers a series of brochures and

technical bulletins to aid and inform them on the

proper design-use and specifying of architectural

woodwork.

ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE,

P.O. Box 471,

131 North York Road,

Willow Grove, Pennsylvania 19090

The Asbestos Textile Institute, founded 1944, acts as a clearinghouse for information on asbestos textiles

and serves in an advisory capacity to various Government agencies in the preparation and revision of purchase specifications. In addition, it works closely with

the American Society for Testing and Materials Subcommittee D13.14 (A-4 on Asbestos) concerning specifications, methods of test and recommended practices

for asbestos textiles. The ATI publishes a Handbook of Asbestos Textiles which sets forth various styles and properties of

asbestos textiles and lists the standard grades, weaves and weights of many of the textile products. Included

in the handbook is a Glossary of Asbestos Textile

Terms and ASTM Specifications and Methods of Test- ing for asbestos textiles. Another pamphlet available from the ATI, prepared

under the auspices of the institute's Air Hygiene and

Manufacturing Committee, is entided Measurement of

Airborne Aslsestos Fiber by the Membrane Filter

Method and is concerned with the accurate measure- ment of airborne asbestos fiber in order to conform

with Federal, state or provincial statutory requirements

for asbestos threshold limit value.

The institute, joindy with the Quebec Asbestos

Mining Association and the Asbestos Cement Products

Association, publishes a Manual of Testing Procedures

for Chrysotile Asbestos Fibre which provides standard

methods for testing the physical and chemical properties of chrysotile asbestos fiber. THE ASPHALT INSTITUTE,

Asphalt Institute Building,

College Park, Maryland 20740

The institute, founded in 1919, has a technical

committee structure consisting of an International

Technical Committee composed of representatives of

institute member companies located in the U.S.,

Canada and overseas, and of institute engineers, who

serve ex officio. This committee coordinates all insti- tute technical committee activities. In addition, committees on asphalt materials, design, and construction

technology, as well as ad hoc committees created by

the International Technical Committee, exist to handle

specific assignments. Other technical committees,

either standing or ad hoc, concern themselves with

technical matters within the four geographical divisions of the institute.

In addition, the institute maintains a Research and

Development Department including well equipped

laboratories, at its headquarters building.

The technical committees and the Research and

Development Department, as well as other institute

engineers, participate in a wide variety of technical

society activities concerned with standardization of

test procedures and material specifications related to asphaltic products and their use. The institute has

published construction specifications for a wide variety

of asphalt applications in highway and airfield construction, uses of asphalt in hydraulic structures,

asphalt protective coatings for pipe lines, uses of

asphalt in recreational areas, and others. It cooperates

with the American Society for Testing and Materials,

the American Association of State Highway Officials

and with state and Federal agencies in laboratory and

committee work related to standardization activities. Formerly: Asphalt Association (1929).

ASPHALT ROOFING MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

757 Third Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers' Association

(ARMA) was founded in 1919. The Technical Com49
mittee of this association cooperates actively in the

formulation and improvement of standards and specifications covering asphalt roofing products which are developed by the Federal Government, the American

Society for Testing and Materials, and the Underwriters' Laboratories. Through its Simplification Committee, ARMA made studies and analyses designed to show the multiplicity of items produced in the

industry and their relative importance from a sales

volume standpoint. The purpose of these studies was to enable manufacturers to intelligently accomplish such

individual simplification and standardization of their

own lines as circumstances seemed to warrant.

Formerly: Asphalt Roofing Industry Bureau (1970).

THE ASSOCIATED COOPERAGE

INDUSTRIES OF AMERICA, INC.,

818 Olive Street,

St. Louis, Missouri 63101

This association, founded in 1915, carries on its standardization work through committees appointed

especially for that purpose; namely, the Tight Grade

Rules Committee and the Slack Grade Rules Committee. The association maintains strict standards,

that are national in scope, to assure the quality of

products of the cooperage industry. These standards,

frequently revised and kept up-to-date, are incorporated in two booklets: Grade Rules and Specifications,

Tight Barrel Staves and Heading, and Grade Rules

and Specifications, Slack Barrel Staves, Heading and

Hoops.

Transactions throughout the industry are based on

these grade rules which in addition, form the basis

for Federal specifications for barrels and kegs.

Rules are provided by the association governing

inspection service in cases of controversy. The association also maintains standards governing sales and

settlements for the use of its members.

The members of this association are constantly

cooperating with container users in the development

of barrels suitable for their products. These barrels are made from material produced in accordance with

the association's standard grades and specifications.

ASSOCIATED LOCKSMITHS OF

AMERICA, INC.

C.P.O. 729,

11 Elmendorf Street,

Kingston, New York 12401

Associated Locksmiths of America (ALA) was

founded in December 1955, to encourage and promote the voluntary exchange among locksmiths of

technical service data on security products; to elevate

the position of the locksmith in the security industry;

to establish a uniform code of ethics and to conduct

trade promotion activities. ALA held its first meeting

and election of officers in July, 1956. About 10 percent

of the total program is now involved with standardization.

The Security Standards Committee administers the

standardization activity and is now working on

standards for security devices in relation to locks.

ALA is closely allied with, and active in, the American

Society for Testing and Materials' program for voluntary standards in locking devices, Committee F-12 on

Security Systems and Equipment. Several years ago,

in 1960, ALA was successful in getting industry

support to standardize and improve the quality of

packaging for key blanks. In 1973 the Security

Standards Committee recommended a Standard City

Ordinance on Building Security. At present, the organization is working on a recommended standard for

state licensing or registration of locksmiths. The Key

Blank Boxes, Building Security, and Locksmith

License are the three current standards of ALA, that are considered national in scope.

ASSOCIATED MASTER BARBERS AND

BEAUTICIANS OF AMERICA,

219 Greenwich Road,

P.O. Box 17782,

Charlotte, North Carolina 28211

The Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of

America (AMBBA) was founded in 1924 to provide

benefits and professionalize the industry through

education and standardization. AMBBA's standardization activities are approximately 20 percent of the

entire association program, are administered by the

National Educational Council and recommended to the Executive Committee for approval. The standard

rules and regulations are written for and apply to barber colleges, individual students and barbers, hairstylists, textbooks, and for judging contestants in

contests. The rules and regulations for standardized schools

of the National Educational Council are written and

adopted to protect the student and professionalize the

industry, through the concept of setting a proper

example whereby the student obtains his first impressions. It is understood by all involved that state regulations supersede the standardized rules and

regulations of AMBBA. In addition, there is a barber

stylist standardized examination and a standardized

educational program for the profession. Current

projects underway are standardization of advanced

educational methods in barber schools as well as for

shows and educational seminars.

AMBBA promotes its standards through promotional mailings; personal contact; the monthly magazine, The Professional Men's Hairstylists and Barber's

Journal; and barber shows.

Certification Program Activities—Examinations to

certify ability to do hair piece work, styling, coloring,

relaxing and merchandizing are required for the

professional certification of barbers.

50
ASSOCIATION FOR EDUCATION OF

THE VISUALLY HANDICAPPED,

1604 Spruce Street,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

First known as the Instructors of the Blind, and

later as the American Association of Instructors of the

Blind, the Association for Education of the Visually

Handicapped (AEVH) began in 1853 with a national

meeting of superintendents of the 16 residential

schools for the blind. AEVH was incorporated in

Kentucky in 1957 and assumed its current name in

1968. With a membership of 2500, AEVH is the

professional organization which serves educators of

the visually handicapped throughout the United States

and Canada with additional members in several

foreign countries. In addition to publishing a professional quarterly, Education of the Visually Handicapped, and a bulletin, Fountainhead, AEVH prints

selected papers from each of its biennial conferences.

The organization participates actively in training

institutes, the development of special standards, the

encouragement and report of research in the field,

cooperates with national and international agencies

and organizations interested in the education of

visually handicapped children and youth, and maintains a certification service for teachers and child care workers/houseparents. This certification service, coor- dinated by a standing committee of the Board of

Directors, originated to fill a need of establishing

standards for individuals working in the field. Of the

current membership, approximately 500 are certified.

The standards for each type of certification are reviewed annually and the Board of Directors, upon

the recommendation of the Certification Committee,

makes changes in line with the changing emphases in

the field of education of the visually handicapped.

ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT

OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION,

1500 Wilson Boulevard,

Suite 417,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The Association for the Advancement of Medical

Instrumentation (AAMI) founded in 1965 is a professional association; a nonprofit, international organization established with the objective of improving

patient care through the application of technology to medicine. Presently AAMI has a membership of over 3,000 individuals including physicians, engineers,

scientists, other health professionals, researchers,

educators. Government representatives, and industry

officials. In addition. AAMI has over 200 corporations

and institutions as members.

AAMI by its charter and bylaws, is a multidisciplinary organization representing all interests and

disciplines in the medical instrumentation field. Through the formation of its Standards Committee

and Standards Committee Council, its Standards

Subcommittees, its professional journal, and other

official publications, AAMI strives to promote continuing interdisciplinary communication as a primary

objective for all its members and as a vital element

in the standards making process.

One of the primary coordination efforts of AAMI is to develop and promulgate medical device standards.

This is a significant professional attempt to provide

direction in the standards area for developing voluntary consensus safety and performance standards, and

includes the active participation and services of

individuals from both the private and public sector. AAMI currently has 13 active standards subcommittees as follows: Cardiac Valve; Catheter; Dialyzer;

Electrical Safety; Kidney; Pacemaker; Laser; Ophthalmology ; Reliability of Medical Instruments ; Sterile

Disposables; Ultrasound; Vascular Prostheses; and

Neurological Instrumentation.

Several draft standards have already been issued by

various of the subcommittees listed above.

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN FEED

CONTROL OFFICIALS, INC.,

Box 3160,

College Station, Texas 77840

The Association of American Feed Control Officials

(AAFCO) is a private nonprofit association of State

Feed Control Officials maintaining its registered office and a registered agent in the District of Columbia as required by the District of Columbia nonprofit corporation act. The association was founded in 1905 and includes

all officers charged by law with the execution of the

state, provincial, dominion and Federal laws in the

continent of North America, Hawaii and Puerto Rico

regulating the production labeling, distribution, and

sale of animal feeds and livestock remedies. It also

includes the heads or chiefs of experiment stations,

departments of agriculture, bureaus, divisions, sec- tions, laboratories, and employees thereof and

research workers charged by law with the examination

of animal feeds and livestock remedies.

A uniform bill is provided for ttie implementation

by the various states for consumer protection. The

association has advised and will advise in the future

control services of many nations concerning their

control program.

Many of the states have contracted with the Federal

Food and Drug Administration to perform the activities of this agency with regard to animal feeds and

drugs used in animal feeds. The Association of American Feed Control Officials publishes an official publication annually with official terms and definitions for

feeds and feed ingredients and additives for commercial feeds which is available from the Chief Chemist,

Division of Agricultural Chemistry, P.O. Box 16390-A,

Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803. The standards published by this organization are international in scope

as outlined above. These standards are adopted universally and used substantially throughout production,

labeling, distribution, and sale of animal feeds and

livestock remedies.

AAFCO has annual meetings of the Board of Direc51
tors and the association to provide open discussions

regarding uniformity.

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS,

American Railroads Building,

1920 L Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

This association is the central coordinating and

research agency of the American raihoad industry. It was established in 1934 as an outgrowth of numerous

earlier organizations, many of which dated back to 1867 and were created for the purpose of standardizing various features of railroad service. The association was formed in the interest of adequate and

efficient railroad service and to enable the railroads to better contribute to the accomplishment of the purposes of the national transportation policy. The

association represents the railroads in appropriate

cases before the courts, administrative tribunals, Congressional committees, and other Government bodies.

It serves as the joint agency of the railroads concerning such matters as research, operation, railway

economics and statistics, accounting and financing,

as well as industrywide problems in the data processing field, which may require joint handling in further- ance of the national transportation policy.

For functional purposes, the association is organized

by departments which span the fields of law,

operations and maintenance, research and testing, rail- way economics and statistics, finance and accounting,

railway information and public affairs, legislation, and

management systems and procedures. Those departments which include standardization as a major part

of their activities are described in the following

paragraphs.

Operations and Maintenance Department,

Operating-Transportation Division (Washington) :

This general committee (which also serves as General Committee, Operations and Maintenance

Department, composed of 16 chief operating officers

and one representative of the American Short Line

Railroad Association) conducts the activities of this

division and supervises the activities of the department. Other work of the Operating-Transportation

Division is carried on by sections and standing committees which study and report on the various specialized problems that arise. The efforts of the General

Committee and the standing committees are directed

toward standardization of various operations and

maintenance practices.

The Committee on Compensation is composed of 16

chief transportation officers and a representative of

the American Short Line Railroad Association. The

efforts of this committee are directed toward the

standardization of rates and rules pertaining to mileage allowances for privately owned freight cars, demurrage and storage.

The sections that follow are interested in standardization of the fields indicated.

Communication and Signal Section (Washington) :

This section coordinates the principles and practices

of American railroads; revises and keeps up to date

drawings, specifications, requisites and other miscellaneous information contained in its manuals of

recommended practice covering design, construction,

maintenance and operation of railway communications and signaling devices; and is developing standards for inductive interference. The C&S Section has

the responsibility for the assignment of radio frequencies to all railroads and the protection of these

frequencies.

The section investigates the development of new

devices, improvement of existing equipment, and new

methods of installation, maintenance, and operation

pertinent to the arts of communications and signaling,

through its standing committees under the following

subject titles: Wire and Cable Lines; Practices and

Operation; Electronics; Radio; Instructions and Shop

Practice; Designs; Inside Plant; Highway Grade Crossing Protection; Transmission and Interlocking, Traffic

Control and Block Signaling.

The Communication and Signal Section has representatives on many technical committees, both

Government and private.

Intermodal Transportation Section (Washington) :

Development of uniform procedures and practices

relating to trailers and containers in the rail-highway

transportation field is the objective of this section.

Station and Terminal Committee (Washington) :

This committee assists member roads in the development of important practices and procedures affect- ing station and terminal operations.

Safety and Special Services Division (Washington) :

This division is charged with responsibility for safety

in all areas of railroading. The division is comprised of

the following sections, committees or bureaus.

Safety Section (Washington) :

This section assists member roads in safety programs to promote preventive activities for reducing

accidents and personal injuries. It has worked to develop clarification and standardization in railroads'

reporting accidents under Federal regulations.

Committee on Operating Rules (Washington) :

The functions of this committee relate to the

development of standard rules and practices regarding the operating phase of railroading.

Medical Section (Washington) :

This section maintains contact with chief medical

and surgical officers of member roads to promote

52
standards in the medical field and standardization of

procedures relating to the health of railroad employees and patrons. It cooperates with state and Federal

agencies in formulating standards.

Police and Security Section (Washington) :

This section handles problems of importance to the

railroad industry and attempts, where possible to develop standard practices in matters relating to law

enforcement practices, national emergency conditions,

trespassing, safety education and training.

Bureau of Explosives (Washington) :

This bureau also functions as a part of the Safety

and Special Services Division and is an agency for

cooperation between shippers, carriers, the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Department of Transportation to promote the safe transportation of

hazardous materials. It maintains a chemical laboratory for the study of explosives and dangerous articles

and containers. A staff of traveling inspectors insures

compliance with the requirements of regulations and

specifications.

Engineering Division (Chicago) :

The several committees of this division are involved

with track standards; roadbed; ties; railroad track

scales; and all other practices relating to maintenanceof-way matters and establishes standard practices for

construction or installation and of maintenance.

Freight Claim Division (Chicago) :

This division publishes a Freight Claim Rule Book,

or Manual of Practices, in which are set forth ( 1

)

rules and standards prescribed for the investigation,

adjustment, and interline apportionment of claims

paid; (2) lists of freight claim and prevention officers

of member carriers; (3) standard forms used to file claims and furnish statistical information of freight

loss and damage; (4) recommended practices in loss

and damage prevention work and (5) other information for use in the freight claim offices of member

carriers. There are also published and distributed

annually, in printed form, interpretations of freight

claim rules as handed down by the committees of the

division as the result of arbitration procedure.

Freight Loss and Damage Prevention Section (Chicago) :

The Freight Loss and Damage Prevention Section

is responsible for all freight loss and damage prevention activities. It maintains close coordination with

shippers, shipper organizations, and member roads for

the purpose of developing and establishing practical

ways and means to reduce loss and damage to freight.

The section's activities are directed by a National

Freight Loss and Damage Prevention Committee

which reports to the General Committee of the

Freight Claim Division. Special committees deal with

specific phases of freight loss and damage prevention

and make recommendations to the National Freight

Loss and Damage Prevention Committee.

Freight Loading and Container Section (Chicago) :

The objective of this section is to provide improved

packaging or carloading methods for nondangerous

commodities moving in rail freight cars. This section

conducts surveys with shippers or receivers of freight

in order to develop recommended practices for loading and packing of freight.

These activities include performance of tests for

the purpose of comparing packaging or loading

methods.

To provide interchange of information, the section

participates in activities of trade associations or industrial organizations representing manufacturers of

shipping containers or commodities moving as freight as well as groups or associations developing standards.

Mechanical Division (Washington) :

Through the activities of its various committees,

this division has adopted standards and recommended

practices covering materials for cars and locomotives

which are incorporated in a manual. This manual,

which is revised and supplemented annually, includes

specifications for materials. The division also issues

periodic revisions of individual manuals relating to specific components.

Economics and Finance Department (Washington) :

This department deals with standardization and

simplification of railroad accounting and treasury

practices and requirements. This department prepares

various publications embracing rules, standard forms,

procedures and codes, as well as economic and

statistical data covering railroad operations and their

financing.

Management Systems Department,

Data Systems Division (Washington) :

The objectives are (1) to encourage and facilitate

the interchange of information systems and data

processing ideas and practices; (2) to stimulate the

development and application of data processing and

information techniques and establish orderly procedures which will promote their efficient and productive use and simplify the interchange of data; and

(3) to provide an organization for prompt consideration and resolution of problems that require concerted

action by the railroads.

This division serves as the principal railroad

representative to American National Standards Committee X3 and the Transportation Data Coordinating

Committee.

Through the Divisions Standards and Coding Committee there is being conducted an examination of the

industry's coding and standards need and development

of the following: Standard Point Location Code

53
(SPLC) ; Standard Route Code; Standard Patron

Code; Standard Commodity Code; Standard Packaging

Code; and the Standard Carrier Code.

Research and Test Department (Washington)

and AAR Research Center,

3140 South Federal Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616:

The objectives of this department, which has

charge of technical research on problems affecting

carriers, are to increase the profitability of the rail- roads; to provide cost-effective approaches to safety

requirements; and to develop responses to environmental requirements. The principal fields of research

are (1) improvements in designs and specifications

for equipment, track, and facilities; (2) optimization

of design to accommodate dynamic interaction of

equipment and tracks; (3) analysis and system

studies of railroad operations and maintenance practices; and (4) research on improvements in safety

and on environmental problems.

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN STATE

BOARDS OF EXAMINERS IN

VETERINARY MEDICINE,

1680 Teaneck Road,

Teaneck, New Jersey 07666

The Association of American State Boards of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine was estabished in 1957,

is a nonprofit, nongovernment organization operating

under a State of Illinois charter granted in August

1960. Affiliated members are State Boards of Veterinary Medical Examiners. Individual board appointed

members are invited to participate. Thirty-eight of the

44 member states utilize a standard written examination prepared by the Professional Examining Service,

labeled National Boards.

The association has close representative liaison with

the American Veterinary Medical Association for the

purpose of standardizing objective criteria for evaluating graduates of foreign veterinary schools, accrediting programs for the development and training of

animal health technicians, and ascertaining the

national needs for veterinary services. Through working committees, progress is being made toward further

standardization of qualifying practical as well as written examinations. Common dates for examination

further this objective.

Standing committees include: Reciprocity, Advisory

Law, Advisory Board on Veterinary Specialties, Education, Examination, and Grievance.

Surveys are conducted and reports are prepared

and circularized to all 50 states, Puerto Rico and

Guam.

The association is a member of licensing National

Associations Representing State Licensing Agencies in

the Health Field.

Formerly: Association of American Boards of

Examiners in Veterinary Medicine (1968).

ASSOCIATION OF BEDDING AND

FURNITURE LAW OFFICIALS,

c/o Utah Department of Agriculture

Room 412, State Capitol Building,

Salt Lake City, Utah 84114

This association provides a national forum for the

discussion of all questions relating to the administration of bedding and upholstered furniture laws as carried on by regulatory officials of the states, commonwealths, territories and possessions of the United

States, their political subdivisions, the District of

Columbia and the Dominion of Canada. The association encourages and promotes the adoption of

uniform bedding and upholstered furniture laws,

rules, regulations, nomenclature, labeling requirements and enforcement procedures. It secures,

devises, tests and adopts standard methods of inspection and sampling of bedding and upholstered

furniture and the analyses of filling materials used

therein.

Other purposes of the association are to secure,

devise, test and adopt standard methods of determining the efficiency of insecticides, fumigants, sterilizing

and disinfecting processes and equipment as applied to

articles of bedding, upholstered furniture and filling

materials used therein; to secure uniformity in the

statement of analytical results; to promote, conduct

and encourage research in chemistry and allied fields as these relate to analyses of filling materials used in

bedding and upholstered furniture.

ASSOCIATION OF EDISON ILLUMINATING

COMPANIES,

51 East 42nd Street,

New York, New York 10017

The Association of Edison Illuminating Companies

(AEIC) was founded in 1885.

Much of the AEIC's work in standardization is carried on in cooperation with other technical organizations, notably: the American National Standards

Institute. The association is officially represented on

the following American National Standards Committees: B16, B31, B36, B49, Cl, C2, C8, C12, C29, C34,

C37, C50 C55, C76, and 05; and on Committees A-1

and D22 of the American Society for Testing and

Materials. In consultation with the Insulated Power Cable

Engineers Association, the Cable Engineering Section

of the Association's Committee on Power Distribution,

prepared: specifications for impregnated paper insulated cable—solid, low-pressure gas-filled and oil-filled types (all lead covered), high pressure pipe type;

specifications for polyethylene and cross-linked polyethylene, and ethylene propylene rubber insulated

shielded cables; a guide for application of maximum

insulation temperatures at the conductor for impregnated-paper-insulated cables; and a guide for electrical

tests of cable joints 138 kV and above. All were

printed by the association.

54
ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING

GEOLOGISTS,

P.O. Box 21-4164,

Sacramento, California 95821

The Association of Engineering Geologists was

founded in 1957, to promote high ethical and professional standards. There are two committees engaged

in standardization activities. The Building Codes Committee stresses the contribution that can be made by engineering geologists

through the intelligent formulation of practical building code provisions. The committee is active on a

local level as advisors to county and municipal

government groups who are considering code revisions. Code provisions for development of floodplain

and tidal marshland are also within the scope of this

committee.

The Committee on Engineering Geology Mapping

Symbols works on the standardization of Engineering

Geology map symbols for utilization by all states and

countries.

ASSOCIATION OF HOME APPLIANCE

MANUFACTURERS,

20 North Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

AHAM, a nonprofit association comprised of U.S.

manufacturers of over 90 percent of major and portable appliances, was formed in 1966 by merger of the

American Home Laundry Manufacturers' Association

and the Consumer Products Division of the National

Electrical Manufacturers' Association.

AHAM develops voluntary appliance performance

standards and makes safety recommendations to Underwriters' Laboratories and American Gas Association, represents the industry in consumer and Government relations, compiles statistics, sponsors certification programs and provides consumer appliance

information, educational materials and teaching aids.

AHAM's Engineering, Standards and Safety Board

includes engineering executives of member companies

who determine policy and direct nine product engineering committees and determine type of contents of

standards to be developed with special consideration on product safety.

AHAM helps develop international standards

through representation on technical committees of the

International Electrotechnical Commission.

Liaison is maintained on standardization with the

Federal Government's National Bureau of Standards,

General Services Administration, Food and Drug

Administration, Federal Trade Commission, and Con- sumer Product Safety Commission.

AHAM's product certification programs cover key

performance characteristics of room air-conditioners,

refrigerators/freezers, dehumidifiers, and humidifiers.

AHAM standards are national in scope. Fourteen

have been published and 25 are under development

in AHAM engineering committees.

Standards use is promoted through publications and

press releases, through certification, and by the American National Standards Institute's recognition of

AHAM standards as American National Standards.

ASSOCIATION OF IRON AND STEEL

ENGINEERS,

Suite 2350, Three Gateway Center,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222

This association was founded in 1907 as a means of

fostering an exchange of ideas toward the advancement of the iron and steel producing industry. The

scope of the AISE now embraces all the various divisions of steel plant engineering, maintenance and operations. Engineering divisions include electrical,

mechanical, welding, combustion, operating practice,

lubrication, safety, rolling mill, standardization and

research. Sixteen district sections are scattered at steel producing centers throughout the country.

The association has developed standards for the steel industry which include such items as motors, surface

finish, cranes, wiring, brakes, bearings, mill buildings,

etc. In some cases these are detailed standards, in

other cases they are recommended practices. A list of

current standards is as follows: D-C Mill Motor Standards, A-C Mill Motor Standards, Standard for Machined Surface Finishes, Alloy Steel Chain and Alloy

Steel Chain Slings for Overhead Lifting, Specification

for Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes for Steel Mill

Service, Specification for Design of Ladle Hooks,

Crane and Mill Auxiliary Drive Motor Cable Size

Wiring Standard, Standard for Design of Hot Metal

Ladles, Brake Standards for Mill Motors, Plain Bearing Recommended Practice, Specifications for Design

and Construction of Mill Buildings.

The AISE also sponsors research activities at research institutions for the purpose of developing

data for future standards and for the improvement of

steel mill operating practice.

Formerly: Association of Iron and Steel Electrical

Engineers (1936).

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL

CHEMISTS,

Box 540 Benjamin Franklin Station,

Washington, D.C. 20044

The association, founded as the Association of Offi- cial Agricultural Chemists, is a professional organization of state and federal chemists devoted to developing, testing, and sponsoring standard methods

for the analysis of fertilizers, foods, feeds, pesticides,

drugs, cosmetics, hazardous substances, and other

materials related to agriculture and public health. It was organized in 1884 by the state and federal chemists

who were in charge of enforcement of state fertilizer laws, or who, as members of agricultural experiment

stations or the U.S. Department of Agriculture, were

interested in practical and scientific applications of

fertilizers to crops. The form of organization is one in

which voting is restricted to official chemists, but discussion is open to all chemists. Four meetings prior to

55
1884 had failed to produce a cohesive and stable organization of both official and commercial chemists. This

final organization form was settled upon with the full cooperation and even insistence of commercial chemists. They agreed on the principle that since it was the

official chemists who had the responsibility for the

enforcement of the laws, they also had the responsibility for the choice of valid methods of analysis for this

purpose.

As the regulatory control of other commodities such

as foods, feeds, drugs, cosmetics, hazardous substances,

and pesticides became a recognized governmental function, the work of the association expanded. It has

accepted the responsibility of providing the regulatory

and research scientist with accurate and reproducible

methods of analysis that are required for the enforcement of laws and regulations. This is accomplished

through adherence to a fundamental constitutional

requirement that methods approved by the association

be subjected to collaborative study. In this, a number

of representative chemists analyze the same samples

by the proposed method to demonstrate its accuracy

and reproducibility in their hands. At the present time

about 600 chemists, designated as "Associate Referees," are studying methods of analysis grouped in

about 60 general categories from "Agricultural Liming

Materials" to "Waters." Not all of them are official chemists; many are industry chemists, who because of

their specialized knowledge and experience, also participate in the development and testing of methods of

analysis. The results of the studies of these associate

referees form the basis for the actions of the association in its approval or disapproval of methods.

All state chemists including those of universities

and experiment stations are members of the association. Federal organizations represented in the association are: Food and Drug Administration, Public Health

Service, Department of Agriculture, Department of

Defense, Internal Revenue Service, Fish and Wildlife

Service, National Bureau of Standards, Atomic Energy

Commission, Department of Justice, and Environmental Protection Agency.

The laws enforced by the AOAC members require

objective scientific evidence for their successful application. The AOAC attempts to provide for both industry and Government a common meeting ground for

discussion, at a scientific level, of methods of analysis

that will be used to obtain this evidence. That this has

been successful is indicated by the facts that many

state laws specify the use of the AOAC methods,

where applicable ; the Federal definitions and standards

of identity for many foods incorporate AOAC methods

into their requirements; many Federal specifications

and private contracts use AOAC methods; and AOAC

methods have been quite generally accorded a preferred

status in court testimony. Most important of all, the

general recognition of AOAC methods removes from

the realm of controversy the scientific question of rela- tive validity of methods of analysis. This is settled by

the scientists themselves on the basis of the facts

developed during their collaborative studies.

Results of 78 years of work by the members of the

association are embodied in its primary publication.

Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of

Official Analytical Chemists, now in its 11th edition

(1970). This publication is a 1000-page laboratory

manual which includes 45 chapters, 78 pages of tables,

and 51 pages of index. It is an authoritative source of

methods of analysis for the regulatory chemist and the

agricultural scientist throughout the world. It is supplemented by the bimonthly journal which publishes

the transactions of the association, including the

annual changes in methods adopted by the association,

the reports of the referees, and contributed papers containing new methods, new applications and authentic or interpretive data.

The association deals with only methods of analysis.

Matters involving legislation, definition, administrative

policy, and interpretation of laws are dealt with in

related official organizations: The Association of Food

and Drug Officials of the United States, Association of

American Plant Food Control Officials, Association of

American Feed Control Officials, and Association of

American Pesticide Control Officials. The AOAC

maintains formal and informal cooperative arrangements with other scientific societies dealing with methods of analysis to maintain uniformity. Among these are the American Public Health Association (standard

methods for the examination of dairy products),

American Oil Chemists' Society (fats and oils), American Society of Brewing Chemists (malt beverages),

American Society of Enologists (wines), American

Association of Cereal Chemists, American Society for

Testing and Materials, National Plant Food Institute,

and Flavoring Extract Manufacturers' Association. In

the international area, cooperation has developed with

the Collaborative Pesticide Analytical Committee, Pesticides Analysis Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture in the United Kingdom, the Food and Agriculture

Organization of the United Nations, International

Dairy Federation and International Organization for

Standardization.

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL SEED

ANALYSTS,

Federal Seed Laboratory,

P.O. Box 1705,

North Brunswick, New Jersey 08902

The Association of Official Seed Analysts was

founded 1908. The activities of this association in the

field of standardization of methods of seed testing are

carried out primarily by the following standing committees: (a) Research, (b) Rules, (c) Referee, and

(d) Public Service. The principal objective in this field

is to develop reliable procedures for testing seeds that

will permit duplication of results when the same sample is tested by different stations. Quality factors for

which tests are made include: purity of sample, per- centage germination, rate of occurrence of noxious

weed seeds, varietal purity, and assaying for fungicidal

seed treatment. The Research Committee conducts

research and reviews literature to make technical information available to the Rules Committee which pre56

I
pares a new draft revision of the rules about every fifth year for approval or rejection by the entire association.

The Rules Committee also interprets questionable and

disputed points of the Rules for Testing Seeds. The

Referee Committee circulates samples among the

member stations to determine whether stations are

testing in accordance with the rules and to point up

any weaknesses in the rules. The Public Service Committee encourages association members to publicize

the benefits of our work and stimulate interest in seed

testing. A publicity kit has been prepared and added

to over the years and is circulated for use by member

laboratories.

The association works closely with other associations

and Government agencies, such as the International

Seed Testing Association, United States Department

of Agriculture and the Canada Department of Agriculture, in an effort to closely coordinate the rules for

testing seeds used by each. Voting membership in the

AOSA consists of Federal and state laboratories in

the United States and Canada. The Governments of

the United States and Canada hold membership in

the International Seed Testing Association.

ATOMIC INDUSTRIAL FORUM,

475 Park Avenue South,

New York, New York 10016

The AIF, founded in 1953, is a nonprofit membership association of industry, business research, labor,

and educational institutions concerned with the development and utilization of nuclear energy for constructive purposes. The forum's membership includes nearly

600 organizations in the United States and 19 other

countries of the free world. The forum's main activity centers on solving the problems facing broad segments

of the atomic industry. Its purposes are: to foster and

encourage atomic energy development; to provide a forum in which individuals and organizations may

cooperate in resolving problems; to promote dissemination of knowledge and understanding of atomic energy;

and to foster and encourage atomic energy research and

development. Toward this end a major part of the

work of the forum is handled by committees supplemented by study or working groups. They do not

write standards; however, the forum does sponsor the

work of American National Standards Committees

N12 and N13. The forum has a staff of 55 and publishes a monthly report to members.

BAKING INDUSTRY SANITATION

STANDARDS COMMITTEE,

521 Fifth Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The Baking Industry Sanitation Standards Committee (BISSC) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the achieving of sanitation in the baking industry. It was established in 1949 and is supported by those

trade associations representing the manufacturers of

baking machinery for wholesale and retail uses, and

the interested professional sanitarian and engineering

organizations. The writing and publication of standards and the registration certification of equipment

promoting the sanitary design, construction, and instal- lation of food-processing equipment are the only purposes and functions of this committee.

To date, 35 sanitation standards on various types of

baking equipment have been carefully developed,

approved and published. Other standards are in the

development process.

BISSC is the recognized sanitation standards organization for the baking industry. Government and industry representatives work together in preparing and

editing these standards. Task committees are appointed

for each specific standard or revision. Final task committee proposals are acted on by the general committee and the BISSC Board of Directors.

Upon application, equipment is certified in accord- ance with the procedure setforth by the Certification

Board. Standards are used by manufacturers and

enforcement agencies.

BARRE GRANITE ASSOCIATION,

51 Church Street,

Barre, Vermont 05641

In 1937 this association created the first set of quality standards covering the physical properties of granite

and quality standards of workmanship on granite monuments. This action had become necessary due to the

wide quality differences prevalent in granite and the

difficulty of the public in distinguishing quality. A

copyrighted trade name called the Barre Guild was

placed on all monuments inspected by the Barre Granite Association, and Certificates of Guarantee were

issued on these monuments. Today, nearly 50,000

individual inspections are made each year, and the

Barre Guild trademark signifies a standard of quality in

the finished monument.

BATTERY COUNCIL INTERNATIONAL,

1801 Murchison Drive,

Burlingame, California 94010

The forerunner of this association. The National

Battery Manufacturers' Association was formed in

1924. In 1940 the name was changed to The Association of American Battery Manufacturers. To reflect the fact that an increasing number of members were

joining the association from outside of the United

States, the name was again changed in January, 1970

to Battery Council International (BCI).

The council collects information of interest to its members and distributes such information through a medium of newsletters approximately once each week.

Through committees, battery standards and specifications are recommended for use by the industry.

Committees active in association affairs are as follows:

Air and Water Standards, Data Book, Industrial

Health, Industrial Relations, Marketing, Materials,

Membership, Statistical, Technical, and Traffic.

As their names imply, these committees meet two or more times per year to make recommendations which

57
will enable the membership to comply with the ecological, industrial health and safety measures, as well

as facilitate economical methods of handling shipments. The council publishes a Battery Replacement

Data Book which is revised yearly, outlining the types

of battery sizes and specifications used in automobiles,

including foreign cars as well as domestic.

BCI encourages manufacturers and related battery

industries to become members of BCI internationally.

These efforts on our part have been gaining results. To further encourage foreign participation in our activities, BCI is holding an International Convention in

London, England in 1974.

The council, particularly the Technical, Air and

Water, and the Industrial Health Committees cooperate with Government organizations in efforts to help

set realistic standards and regulations affecting the

industry. These committees have met on several occa- sions and plan frequent future meetings with Federal

agencies interested in related activities.

The Technical Committee is currently holding

meetings in order to establish specifications covering

plastic containers for storage batteries. This committee

has met on several occasions with the General Services

Administration in the formulation of Federal Specification W-B-00131J.

BICYCLE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION

OF AMERICA, INC.,

1101 15th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

The Bicycle Manufacturers' Association of America

(BMA), is a voluntary, private, nonprofit organization,

founded in 1916. Its member companies produce some

85 percent of all domestically manufactured bicycles,

which in 1972, totaled nearly 9 million. As the trade

association for this vital industry, BMA represents the

industry in matters of trade and tariff; retains legal

counsel; gathers and disseminates sales, wage and

hour, and other statistical information; and conducts

wide-ranging programs of internal communication and

public relations. Principal among these is the bicycle

safety education program, which provides publication

and distribution of more than 10 million pieces of free

safety literature each year, and cooperates in safety

education programs with the National Safety Council,

Boy and Girl Scouts, police, civic and service organizations, individual schools and state departments of

education.

The BMA Safety and Standards Committee, beginning in 1969, developed a broad standard for the manufacture and assembly of bicycles and their various

subassemblies, designed to protect the consumer from

possible injury and property damage. By January 1971,

all member companies agreed to produce their full line

of regular bicycles to the specifications of the standard

known as BMA/6, and to submit to its certification

program which includes regular and random inspection

by an independent testing laboratory. The committee

has worked closely with the Consumer Product Safety

Commission (and formerly with the Food and Drug

Administration) in the development of a Federal

standard for bicycle manufacture.

BIOLOGICAL STAIN COMMISSION, INC.,

Research and Assay Lal)oratorie8,

The University of Rochester Medical Center,

Rochester, New York 14642

The commission was incorporated as a nonprofit

organization in 1944 and supersedes the (1922) Commission on Standardization of Biological Stains. Its powers are vested in an eleven-membered Board of

Trustees, four of whom are officers. Membership in the

commission is by invitation and includes approximately 100 members.

The objectives of the commission are the establishment of standard specifications for the identification,

purity, performance and labeling of the more important biological stains, in order that they may be relied

upon as standard tools in biological and medical

research. The commission is national in scope and has

the active cooperation of the scientific societies whose

interests lie in this field, as well as the interest and

cooperation of the manufacturers and distributors of

biological stains.

The commission exerts its influence to the above

ends through a program of stain certification. Manufacturers and distributors voluntarily submit samples

for examination. If the sample meets the commission's

specifications, it is approved for marketing as a Certified Biological Stain, and the commission issues certi- fication labels to be affixed to bottles in which it is sold. Certification is on a batch basis, the labels issued

by the commission bearing distinctive certification

numbers identifying the specific batches with which

they are to be used. A sample of each batch is kept on permanent file, and the commission will investigate

complaints of any unsatisfactory results obtained with

a certified stain.

The commission's standards are given in the appendix of Conn's Biological Stains, 8th edition, 1969, by

R. D. Lillie, published under the auspices of the commission by the Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore,

Md. Fifty-nine stains are currently certified by the

commission.

Formerly: Commission on Standardization of Biological Stains.

BITUMINOUS PIPE INSTITUTE,

8 South Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60603

Through the institute's Research and Technical

Committee, all member companies' pitch-fibre pipe

products have been standardized. Continuous and rigid

inspection procedures have been established by the

Research and Technical Committee over the years to ensure high levels of manufacturing procedure.

The institute cooperates closely with the American

Society for Testing and Materials, National Bureau of

Standards, American Society of Sanitary Engineers,

Southern Building Code Congress, Western Plumbing

58
Officials Association, and all other major standardssetting organizations within the plumbing, sewage,

and sanitary engineering fields. BLUE ANCHOR, INC.,

730 Howe Avenue,

P.O. Box 15498,

Sacramento, California 95813

Blue Anchor, Inc. was founded in 1901 as the California Fruit Exchange. It is a fresh fruit marketing

cooperative handling of the fruit of approximately

1,000 growers organized into 64 local associations and

contract shippers. All fruit is subject to the standardization program. Blue Anchor issues standards on all of our deciduous tree fruit and table grape commodities.

The Rules and Regulations are updated for each

annual season. The standardization policy is set by a Standardization Committee, organized in 1930, and

enforced by authorized agents of the Field Department.

Although the standards are required for company members only. Blue Anchor works with various Federal and

state marketing orders covering pears, plums, peaches,

nectarines and grapes.

BOOK MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE,

904 Ethan Allen Highway,

P.O. Box 368,

Ridgefield, Coimecticut 06877

BMI is a trade association formed in 1933 for book

manufacturers and suppliers of book materials and

book manufacturing equipment. This institute,

together with the Association of American Publishers

and the National Association of State Textbook

Administrators, provides delegates to the Advisory

Commission on Textbook Specifications (ACTS)

which meets twice each year. Over the years, ACTS

has developed a set of manufacturing standards and

specifications which must be met before the purchase

of a particular textbook will be considered by most

state adoption agencies. This booklet, entitled Manufacturing Standards and Specifications for Textbooks,

contains quality standards and specifications for paper,

printing, and binding, and provides sample forms

which should be used by both the state agencies and

the publishers of textbooks. The specifications are

distributed through the BMI office. The institute is the sponsor of the Voluntary Product Standard PS 9-68, Fabrics for Book Covers.

Formerly: Employing Bookbinders of America

(1933).

BORDER TERRIER CLUB OF AMERICA,

R.R. 1,

Box 276,

North Windham, Connecticut 06256

The Border Terrier Club of America was organized

in 1949 and is a nonprofit dog club whose objectives

are (a) to encourage and promote the breeding of

purebred Border Terriers and the dissemination of

knowledge regarding Border Terriers; (b) to urge

members and breeders to accept the standard of the

breed as approved by the American Kennel Club as the

only standard of excellence by which Border Terriers

shall be judged; (c) to protect and advance the inter- ests of the breed by encouraging sportsmanlike competition at dog shows; (d) to conduct sanctioned and

licensed specialty shows under the rules of the American Kennel Club (AKC).

The official standard for the Border Terrier contains

a description of the breed which covers the general

appearance as well as specific parts of the body, movement, color and the scale of points relating to each.

While there are very few breeders in America, the

club has a membership of approximately 100 members.

Four Yearbooks containing articles by British and

American breeders, judges and members, photographs

and pedigrees of every American Champion of record,

and the winner of every Obedience Degree since the

breed was recognized by the AKC in 1930, have been

published by the club. In addition, the official publication of the AKC, Pure-Bred Dogs—The American Kennel Gazette in which a monthly column on the breed

appears, is sent to members as well as frequent

newsletters.

Annual Specialty Shows are held in conjunction

with an all-breed club with the Border Terrier classes

being judged by licensed American judges and an

occasional breeder-judge from Britain.

BRASS AND BRONZE INGOT INSTITUTE,

Room 3500, One North La Salle Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60602

The Metallurgists' Advisory Committee of the insti- tute cooperates with and/or serves on the Standards

and Specifications Committee of the American Society

for Testing and Materials, the Society of Automotive

Engineers, the Copper Development Association, both

military and Federal specification bodies, and other

specification bodies, in the development of standards

and specifications covering ingot brass and bronze.

Tliese standards cover the chemical content, the

mechanical and physical properties of copper base

alloys in the ingot form for use in nonferrous foundries.

The institute further finances, sponsors and directs

basic research in such institutions as the Batelle

Memorial Institute, and the University of Michigan.

Some of these projects are a cooperative effort with the

American Foundrymen's Society. The purpose of these

research projects is to assist nonferrous foundries

throughout the country in the setting of methodology

and standards for the production of copper base alloy

castings.

Through its Air Pollution Control Committee, the

institute cooperates with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the setting up of standards and

methods of control of emissions in the brass and

bronze ingot industry.

Formerly: Non-Ferrous Ingot Metal Institute.

59
THE BRICK INSTITUTE OF AMERICA,

1750 Old Meadow Road,

McLean, Virginia 22101

The Brick Institute of America (BIA), formerly

Structural Clay Products Institute (SCPI) was

founded in 1934. It is the national authority on brick

construction. As BIA is the national association of

brick manufacturers, its purpose is to promote the further and proper use of brick. Approximately 15 percent

of staff time and budgets is devoted either directly or

indirectly to standards activities. Standards development, review, writing and promulgation are the responsibilities of the Engineering and Research Division.

Although BIA does not generally participate in international standards activities, it does, however, maintain an exchange and liaison with similar organizations in

other countries. BIA also maintains close liaison with

most of the Federal Government agencies writing

standards in the construction industry field; i.e.. National Bureau of Standards, Housing and Urban

Development, Health, Education and Welfare, Department of Defense, Department of Labor, and the

Department of Commerce. At this time, BIA is not

involved in any certification activities for the brick

industry. It does offer independent testing services in

the field of masonry for a fee. BIA has two current

standards which are: Building Code Requirements for

Engineered Brick Masonry, (SCPI) BIA, August 1969,

and Standard Specifications for Portland Cement-Lime

Mortar for Brick Masonry, BIA Ml-72, OctoberNovember 1973 (TN 8A). These standards are national in scope. BIA also actively works with other

standards-writing organizations in the development of

standards involving or related to Brick Masonry as follows: American Society for Testing and Materials

(ASTM)—E-5 on Fire Tests, E-6 on Evaluation of

Construction, C-7 on Lime, C-12 on Mortar for LTnit

Masonry, C-15 on Manufactured Masonry Units, and

C-32 on Laboratory Evaluation and Accreditation;

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) —AlO,

Safety Requirements for Construction and Demolition, A41, Building Code Requirements and Good

Practice Recommendations for Masonry, A58, Design

Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, and A62,

Pre-Coordination of Building Components and Systems; International Masonry Industry AU-Weather

Council—Recommended Practice for Cold Weather

Masonry Construction, and Guide Specifications for

Cold Weather Masonry Construction.

In addition to these, BIA is presently engaged in

research for the development of at least three additional standards: Building Code Requirements for

Engineered Hollow Brick Masonry; A Design Standard for Composite (Brick and Block) Masonry, in

cooperation with the National Concrete Masonry Association and the American Concrete Institute; and

Seismic Design Procedures for Masonry, in cooperation

with the National Bureau of Standards, other Federal

agencies and other masonry associations.

The Brick Institute of America publishes and distributes its own standards and works with cooperating

organizations to publish and distribute cooperative

standards. In addition, BIA works closely with the

model building code groups toward the adoption of

these standards into building codes and regulations.

BIA also works with state and local building codes

towards the adoption of these standards.

BUILDERS HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

60 East 42nd Street,

New York, New York 10017

This association founded in 1926, serves the interests

of all builders hardware manufacturers located in the

United States. One of its active programs is the development of product standards. Thirteen have been produced and of these six have been approved by the

American National Standards Institute (ANSI). They

are, to the extent practical for builders hardware products, performance standards.

A certification program for the BHMA Cabinet

Hardware Standard No. 201 has been operating since

1968. The testing and administration are performed

by an independent third party, the Electrical Testing

Laboratories, Inc. The program is open to all manufacturers whether or not they are members of BHMA.

Several proposed Federal specifications contain refer- ences to BHMA standards which were approved by

ANSI.

Formerly : Hardware Manufacturers' Statistical Association (1961).

BUILDING OFFICIALS AND CODE

ADMINISTRATORS INTERNATIONAL, INC.,

1313 East 60th Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60637

Founded in 1915, Building Officials and Code

Administrators International is a nonprofit municipal

service organization vitally involved in the field of

building code administration and enforcement in particular, and community development in general. The

association's goals encompass two main areas: (a) to serve the public by advocating the use of safe, suitable,

modern construction techniques and materials,

through its model codes program; and (b) to serve

jurisdictions and their code administrators by providing technological know-how and services related to all specialty areas of code administration and enforcement, in addition to a complete model codes mainte- nance program. Because of the scope of its membership,

ideas and experiences are exchanged by code administrators all over the country and the world.

It is governed by building officials and code administrators, its officers, the executive committee and two

past presidents. Its programs and activities are carried on by the technical and professional staff under the

direction of its Executive Director, appointed by the

Executive Committee.

It established performance requirements. Instead of

specifying in detail the materials to be used and methods of utilizing them, the BOCA codes state the

60
requirements for the performance that materials and

assemblies of materials shall produce under given conditions, and establish the evaluation criteria for determining in advance that this performance will be

attained. This often results in reduced construction

costs and allows ingenuity on the part of the designer.

It cooperates with other organizations in developing

standards under the procedures of the American

Society for Testing and Materials, American National

Standards Institute, National Fire Protection Association, American Standards Institute, Underwriters'

Laboratories, Inc., Canadian Standards Association,

the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Port- land Cement Association, Gypsum Association, American Plywood Association and many other accredited

authoritative agencies which are listed in all of the

appendices of the BOCA codes.

BOCA is also represented on numerous committees

of the National Fire Protection Association, Chicago

High Rise Committee, American Society for Testing

and Materials, Council of American Building Officials,

American Concrete Institute, American Institute of

Architects, American National Standards Institute,

National Safety Council, Model Codes Standardization

Council, Model Code Research Board, American Society of Civil Engineers, National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards, Safety Glazing

Certification Council and the Chicago Association of

Commerce and Industry.

Formerly: Building Officials Conference of America

(1970).

BUILDING OWNERS AND MANAGERS

ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL,

224 South Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60604

This association is essentially a service organization,

and its membership represents a substantial part of

the larger commercial office building properties of the

U.S., Canada, Australia, and South Africa. In connection with its other activities, this organization devotes

time and attention to matters relating to standardization. As long ago as 1915, BOMA International

adopted a standard method of floor measurements for

the office building industry, and has developed standard

methods of rating space. It has also prepared standard

methods of accounting and a uniform chart of accounts.

The association makes studies of operating costs,

rental conditions, and kindred matters for the purpose of developing standard types of information for

the guidance of the industry. It publishes an annual

Office Building Experience Exchange Report dealing

with economics, and conducts a Building Planning

Service applicable to new construction, feasibility, and

modernization.

It has cooperated with various sectional committees

functioning under the procedures of the American

National Standards Institute, acting as cosponsor of

proposals for American National Standards on floor

measurement in buildings of different types, and being

currently represented on American National Standards sectional committees.

Formerly: National Association of Building Owners

and Managers (1908) ; Building Owners and Managers Association International (1968).

CAN MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE,

1625 Massachusetts Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The Can Manufacturers' Institute (CMI) was established in 1939 as a nonprofit membership corporation.

The institute represents U.S. manufacturers of all- metal cans in the standards area, and is primarily

concerned with government specifications for cans and legislation affecting cans and can standards.

CMI has a standing Can Standards Committee

which seeks to develop standards on sanitary cans for

sizes in general demand. Ad hoc subcommittees are created as necessary to study and/or recommend

specific standards for full committee action. The

institute maintains contact with the National Bureau

of Standards and the International Organization for

Standardization in the formation of standards.

The standards are published in Recommended

CMI Voluntary Industry Can Standards. As of this

writing there are 12 published standards, and an

additional 4 or 5 are scheduled for publication in

1974.

Conformity to the CMI recommended standards is strictly voluntary, but is encouraged as being for the

general benefit of can manufacturers and can users.

CANVAS PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION

INTERNATIONAL,

600 Endicott Building,

St. Paul, Minnesota 55101

CPAI, founded in 1912, is the trade association for

the industrial fabric industry. Vertical in structure, its members include fiber producers, weavers, fabric

finishers, coaters, laminators and manufacturers of

industrial fabric products.

The association's structure includes seventeen divisions, several of which are involved in standardization

activities. The Camping Products Manufacturers'

Division, in cooperation with the Finishers Division

and other fabric suppliers, has developed a model

flammability code for materials used in camping

tentage. This code, designated CPAI-84, has gained

acceptance as a mandatory standard in two states, and the Consumer Product Safety Commission is being asked to consider it as a basis for similar

Federal regulations.

The Tarpaulin Division, again with assistance from

suppliers, is in the process of revising CPAI-63, its ten year old quality assurance standard for domestic

cotton tarpaulins. The revised standard will be

expanded to include synthetics and imported materials, and will set strength, water resistance, flame

61
resistance, and breathability performance requirements for the various types of tarpaulins.

The Air Structures Division has written a Minimum

Performance Standard for Single Wall Air Supported

Structures as a guide to manufacturers, prospective

users, architects, and regulatory agencies. This standard sets many requirements for the materials, design,

construction, and erection of these structures. In addition, standards in several other areas are being developed by the related divisions. One of these

which is nearing completion is an erection standard

for large rental tents. Copies of current standards

are available from CPAI headquarters.

Formerly: National Canvas Goods Manufacturers'

Association (1956).

CARPET AND RUG INSTITUTE,

P.O. Box 2048,

Dalton, Georgia 30720

The institute is the national trade association for

U.S. manufacturers of carpet and rugs, formed in

1969 through a merger of the American Carpet Insti- tute and the Tufted Textile Manufacturers' Association. Through activities of its technical committee and

subcommittees, and in cooperation with Federal

Government agencies such as General Services Adminstration, Federal Housing Administration, and the

National Bureau of Standards, and private standardssetting organizations such as American Society for

Testing and Materials, National Fire Protection Association, and American Association of Textile Chemists

and Colorists, the institute develops and proposes

standards covering the construction and performance

of carpet and rugs for acceptance and promulgation

by these agencies or by the industry on a voluntary

basis. Current and future activities of CRI committees

and subcommittees are published each year in the

institute's Directory and Report. Other technical

publications include: Carpet Specifier's Handbook and

Regulations, and Specifications for Carpet and Rugs.

CAST IRON SOIL PIPE INSTITUTE,

2029 K Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

This institute (CISPI) was founded May, 1949,

has developed standards for cast iron soil pipe and

fittings which are accepted throughout the United

States. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) A74-72 covers hub and spigot cast iron

soil pipe and fittings for extra heavy and service,

and is the same as CISPI Standard HS-72. The Hubless Cast Iron Sanitary System is covered by CISPI

Standard 301-72. Compression Gaskets are covered by

CISPI Standard HSN-72. These standards set forth

dimensions and specifications which provide interchangeability between all manufacturer's pipes and

fittings. The CISPI standards are national in scope.

The Technical Committee administers CISPI's

standardization activities. The Cast Iron Soil Pipe

Institute is dedicated to aiding and improving the

plumbing industry in the United States. Through a cooperative effort of the soil pipe manufacturers, the

institute works to improve the industry's products,

achieve a standardization of soil pipe and fittings, and

provide a continuous program of program testing,

evaluation and development.

CASTER AND FLOOR TRUCK

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

1717 Howard Street,

Evanston, Illinois 60202

The Caster and Floor Truck Manufacturers' Associaation (CFTMA) was founded in 1933. Manufacturers

in this association produce industrial casters, wheels,

and manually operated materials handling equipment.

CFTMA has published a Combined Industrial Wheel

Standard, and an Industrial Caster Standard, as well

as standards for trailer trucks, platform trucks, and

two-wheel hand trucks.

Approximately 50 percent of CFTMA's program is devoted to standardization work. This standardization

work is administered by the Standards and Engineering Committee of CFTMA.

CFTMA is actively involved with such Government

agencies as the Defense Supply Agency, Department

of the Army (Natick Laboratories), and the General

Services Administration. CFTMA is also involved with

international programs, such as International Organization for Standardization, ISO/TC 41.

The Caster and Floor Truck Manufacturers Association is currently revising the CFTMA Engineering and

Purchasing Planbook, which should be completed by

1974.

CEILINGS AND INTERIOR SYSTEMS

CONTRACTORS' ASSOCIATION,

1201 Waukegan Road,

Glenview, Illinois 60025

The Ceilings and Interior Systems Contractors'

Association is an international organization consisting

of major specialty subcontractors who, as a significant

part of their business, sell and install ceiling systems

as well as other related products and systems.

Members include contractors from throughout the

LTnited States, Canada, Europe, South Africa and

Australia. The association is fortunate in having as associate members virtually all major suppliers of

ceiling materials and related products and systems.

The Association goals are: to improve contractor

net profit and return on invested capital by improving

management skills of members ; to recruit high quality

personnel for careers in the ceiling and interior

contracting industry and upgrade the professional

skills of personnel at all levels within the industry; to share knowledge among CISCA member firms of all sizes in a spirit of genuine cooperation, confidence,

62
and participation ; to provide programs for exchanging

information among members about the industry and

its trends and to develop working alliances with other

organizations within the construction contracting

industry to deal with common external problems. The

association was founded in 1949 and until 1969 was known as the National Acoustical Contractors' Association.

The only CISCA activities relating to standardization

are two official specifications of the American Society

for Testing and Materials: Standard Specification for

Metal Suspension Systems for Acoustical Tile and

Lay-in Panel Ceilings (ASTM C 635-69) and Standard Recommended Practice for Installation of Metal

Ceiling Suspension Systems for Acoustical Tile and

Lay-in Panels (ASTM C 636-69) . CISA actively participated in the development of these. The other standard

activity has been the Recommended Standards for

Seismic Restraint of Direct-Hung Suspended Ceiling

Assemblies dated November 15, 1972.

CEMENTED CARBIDE PRODUCERS

ASSOCIATION,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

This organization was founded on March 2, 1955

and its members are made up of manufacturers of

cemented tungsten carbide cutting tools, dies and

wear parts.

Standardization activities are a very important part

of the association's program and represent approximately 50 percent of its efforts. The standardization

programs are conducted through American National

Standards Committee B94, TC-1 and deal with dimensional standardization of the products of the industry.

The technical activities are handled by the Technical

Committee of the association in conjunction with the

American Society for Testing and Materials B09:06,

Cemented Carbides. This work deals with the physical,

metallurgical and chemical aspects of the products of

the industry. The association is actively participating

in international standards work, working in conjunction with the International Organization for Standardization, ISO/TC 29/WG 9 Turning Tools, ISO/TC

29/WG 19 Wire, Bar and Tube Drawing Dies, ISO/TC

119/WG 4 Sampling and Testing Methods for Hard

Metals. The Technical Committee is working with the

National Bureau of Standards on certain physical

measurements for the products of the industry. There

are no certification programs or activities. The association has been responsible for the issuance of 12 dimensional standards and 18 physical, chemical and/ or metallurgical standards. The standards developed by

the industry are promoted primarily through member

companies and announcements in the trade press as and when new standards are available. Copies of all standards can be obtained from the association office.

CHAIN LINK FENCE MANUFACTURERS'

INSTITUTE,

One Stone Place,

Bronxville, New York 10708

The Chain Link Fence Manfacturers' Institute

(CLFMI) was founded in 1960. Although in the past

CLFMI has had several fence specifications that were produced with the National Bureau of Standards at their request, we are now actively reviewing the entire

specification field with the American Society for Test- ing and Materials (ASTM). Key representatives of the

fencing industry met with the American Society for

Testing and Materials in February 1973 to grapple

with the problem of setting universal standards for

fence specification. CLFMI will join with ASTM in

the development of voluntary full-consensus standards that will be adopted nationally. Through this

transitional period, and until the publication of the

new standards and specifications, CLFMI continues to

offer its current standards which are: Specification

for Galvanized Steel Chain Link Fence Fabric; Industrial Steel Specifications for Fence-Posts, Gates, and

Accessories; Commercial Standard for Industrial

Aluminum Alloy Chain Link Fencing; and Standards

for China Link Fence Installation.

CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

50 East 4l8t Street,

New York, New York 10017

The Chemical Specialties Manufacturers' Association (CSMA), founded in 1914, is a national trade

association representing 400 suppliers, manufacturers

and marketers of aerosols, cleaning compounds, disinfectants, insecticides, transportation products, and polishes and floor finishes. All methods and procedures

used are either national consensus standards or CSMA

tentative standards.

CSMA has a General Standards and Specifications

Appraisal Committee which administers all standardization activity. CSMA maintains liaison with international and national organizations through members

who are active in the International Organization for

Standardization (ISO) and such national consensus

standards bodies as American Society for Testing and

Materials (ASTM) and American National Standards

Institute (ANSI). It also maintains liaison with General Services Administration (GSA) and other agencies through members in areas of specific interest.

CSMA standardization activities are national in

scope. Some standards originated and promoted by

CSMA are now ASTM, Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) or other standards as well. Currently,

wherever possible, CSMA specifications are being

processed through ASTM for national consensus

63
approval. Information on active standards committees

and new projects under consideration is available

through the CSMA main offices. From 1914 to 1949 CSMA was known as the

National Association of Insecticide and Disinfectant

Manufacturers (NAIDM).

THE CHLORINE INSTITUTE, INC.,

342 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The Chlorine Institute, Inc., founded in 1924, is an

international association, concerned with the safe

manufacture, shipping and handling of chlorine. Of

its total program, approximately one-quarter involves

standardization, administered by its Committee on

Container Specifications and Safety, and its Product

Analysis and Specifications Committee. The institute

has developed and adopted some 40 standards. These

cover safety, angle and excess flow valves and man- way covers for chlorine tank cars, tank trucks and

tank barges ; valves and fusible plugs for chlorine cylinders and ton containers; piping and equipment for

handling chlorine, recommended methods for unloading chlorine tank cars, maintenance of tank car valves,

operation of tank trucks and design of stationary stor- age tanks. These standards are outlined in the insti- tute's list of publications.

The institute cooperates actively with the national

standards bodies and various branches of the U.S.

Department of Transportation on transportation safety

matters, the Army Corp of Engineers on cylinder

valve standards, the Environmental Protection Agency

on air and water standards and with the Department

of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute of Occupational

Safety and Health on occupational health and safety

standards. The Chlorine Institute is national in scope

in both the United States and Canada. Internationally, the institute participates indirectly in other programs through its overseas members and via the

Compressed Gas Association.

The standards are promoted through publication

of the Chlorine Manual which has gone into four editions, and by a public information program.

COFFEE BREWING CENTER,

1350 Avenue of the Americas,

New York, New York 10019

The Pan-American Coffee Bureau is an instrumentality of the governments of 12 Latin American

coffee growing nations. The Coffee Brewing Center

(CBC) is a department of the bureau concerned with

research and education on coffee. Its work involves

standards for production and utilization of coffee,

both for the consumer and the food service industry.

Coffee Laboratory—The laboratory serves as the

basis for analytical work for brewing and equipment

evaluation awards, provides direct service to industry

in such areas as grind analysis, roast color measurement, bulk density, etc., and develops methods for

analyzing coffee, some of which are widely used and

becoming more or less standard for the industry.

Standards Development—Liaison is maintained

with other technical and trade associations toward the

development of standards for coffeemakers and

related systems as they apply to both the food service

and consumer fields. The work underway at the

present time involves: (1) filter paper standard sizes

for coffeemakers; (2) coffee grind standards; (3)

cup size standards for home coffeemakers.

Equipment Evaluation Program—The Coffee Brewing Center has established a coffee brewing equipment evoluation service and seal of approval program

that covers all types of coffee brewing equipment

institutional, home type, and vending.

The seal of approval is awarded to that equipment

submitted by manufacturers for laboratory analysis,

and found capable of brewing coffee according to CBS standards. The award is given only to individual

designs or models and not necessarily to the entire

range of a manufacturer's equipment. Brewing instrutions furnished with the equipment must also comply

with the CBC's recommended procedures.

The Library—An extensive file of literature available to industry, students, writers and others interested in learning more about coffee.

COLLEGE OF AMERICAN PATHOLOGISTS,

Standards Committee,

230 North Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60601

The Standards Committee of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) is concerned with standards

useful in all phases of laboratory medicine, including

anatomic and clinical pathology. These include: (1)

national proficiency survey programs, now administered by a separate Surveys Committee; these go to about 8000 laboratories; (2) inspection and accreditation programs for clinical laboratories—administered

by a separate CAP Committee; (3) batch certification

of cyanmethemoglobin standards for the National

Academy of Sciences—National Research Council;

(4) distribution of pure primary standard solutions

whose content we have verified; (5) standards for

laboratory test reports and sample handling; (6)

standards for medical usefulness needs and screening

tests; and (7) product evaluation of laboratory

products.

International program—The committee actively col- laborates with the International Commission for

Standardization in Hematology in the fields of cyanmethemoglobin standards and blood coagulation and

with the commission on World Standards of the World

Association of Pathology Societies.

Federal involvement—The committee and its individual members collaborate actively with the National

Bureau of Standards, Food and Drug Administration,

the Center for Disease Control as consultants and

committee members.

Standards issued—A list of standard solutions

marketed may be obtained thorugh the CAP office.

64
They are national in scope. Standards in other fields are ordinarily channelled through the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Numerous

publications are found in indexed literature.

Active committees—The active committees are named above. New projects include revision of medical usefulness standards; microbiology standards;

normal values; quality assurance program for clinical

laboratories; laboratory reports systems and delivery

of reports. An extensive subcommittee and a resource committee are supportive.

Promoting the use of standards—This is conducted

through direct mailing to the membership; articles in

indexed literature; the CAP publication, pathologists;

and the trade magazines.

THE COLOR ASSOCIATION OF THE

UNITED STATES, INC.,

200 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10016

The Color Association of the United States, Inc. (CAUS) is a nonprofit organization established in

1915, with members in all fields from around the

world. Its major function is color forecasting with its scope of activities including: (a) seasonal color forecasts applicable to industry in the advertising, automotive, cosmetic, dyestuff and colorants, fiber, paper

products, and plastics areas—these seasonal color

forecasts include color cards for textiles, women's and

children's wear, accessories, hosiery and socks, men's

wear, men's socks, and home furnishings, which are

issued twice a year; (b) general color information,

market research and color consultations; and (c)

Standard Color Cards. Other than the Standard Color

Card, which is in its 9th edition, CAUS cooperates

with the Government and industry as a service to industry. Some of the standard color cards that are developed in association with the United States Government are with the Department of Defense, for

thread, buttons, tapes, and embroidery yarns; and for

the branches and agencies, arms and services. All

standard colors are listed by color name and cable

number; CAUS does not issue a catalog of color standards.

On an international level, this association maintains

a membership in Intercolor, International Color Forecasts; and in Intersociety Color Council, which has

international activities. Our standards are national

and international in scope.

Formerly: Textile Color Card Association of the

United States (1954).

COMMISSION ON ACCREDITATION OF

REHABILITATION FACILITIES,

6510 North Lincoln Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60645

The commission, established in 1966, is a national

private, nonprofit organization setting standards for

the operation of rehabilitation facilities. A resource

compendium of standards is available from commission headquarters. A facility's compliance with the

standards is assessed in an objective on-site survey out

of which accreditation may be awarded. Approximately 700 standards have been developed, covering

nine basic aspects of a facility's operations, including

purposes; organization and administration; services;

personnel; records and reports; fiscal management,

physical facilities; community relations; and program

evaluation. A periodic newsletter, entitled the Carf

' Report, is distributed at no charge to persons who

wish to be kept apprised of the organization's activities. Partial funding is provided by the Rehabilitation

Services Administration of the Department of Health,

Education and Welfare.

COMPOSITE CAN AND TUBE INSTITUTE,

1725 Eye Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The Composite Can and Tube Institute was founded

in 1933 as a nonprofit organization to foster the

collective interests of the composite can and tube

industry. In addition to technical activities, CCTI

holds national, area and committee meetings; prepares

and circulates bulletins containing items of general

interest; surveys labor fringes and hourly rates in the

industry; sponsors statistical, plant safety, traffic and

environmental control programs; and is active in

many fields customarily included in association efforts such as public relations and preparation of various

industry directories.

Approximately 10 percent of the total institute program is devoted to standards. This portion of the

program is administered by the Technical Committee

made up of technically oriented persons divided about

equally between those representing companies producing composite tubes and cores and those producing

composite cans. The Composite Can Committee also oversees certain of these activities on occasion.

CCTI does not participate in international programs

nor with Federal government standardization activities, except when requests are received for specific

information. CCTI has no certification program

activities.

Presently, CCTI publishes standard testing procedures to provide uniform methods for both manufacturers and users to measure and test the physical

characteristics of composite cans, tubes and cores. Further, the institute has developed and published

recommended industry standards covering dimensions

for certain high volume types of composite cans to accommodate customers' closing and handling equipment. Finally, CCTI has published guidelines as sources of information for manufacturers and users of

industry products. CCTI has published 26 standard

testing procedures and is in the process of preparing

four new and revising six standard testing procedures.

It has published 17 recommended industry standards,

has no new recommended industry standards under

consideration, but is in the process of revising three.

65
CCTI has published three guidelines, and has no new

ones nor any revisions under consideration. Scope of

the work is national. As standard testing procedures,

recommended industry standards and guidelines are published or revised, they are publicized in the trade

press. Formerly: National Fibre Can and Tube Association

(1970).

COMPRESSED GAS ASSOCIATION, INC.,

500 Fifth Avenue,

New York, New York 10036

Founded in 1913, CGA's major purpose is to provide, develop, and coordinate technical activities in the

compressed gas industries, including end-uses of

products, in the interest of safety and efficiency, and

to the end that they may serve, to the fullest extent,

the best interest of the public and industry. CGA is active primarily in the fields of safety and technical

specifications pertaining to the compressed gas and

related product and service industries. This includes

the medical fields of anesthesia and respiration.

Specific standardization activities: The Association

collaborates with national organizations such as the

National Fire Protection Association, the National

Liquefied Petroleum Gas Association, the American

Society for Testing and Materials, the American

National Standards Institute, Association of American

Railroads, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists, to develop far-reaching specifications and standards of safety to benefit industry and the public.

CGA compiles information and publishes material

such as the Handbook of Compressed Gases and many

pamphlets which contain a description of the most

widely used gases and give in detail the safest recognized methods, many developed by CGA, for handling

and storing gases. CGA conducts national and regional technical meetings and seminars to discuss practices, standards, and

problems related to the broad spectrum of the compressed gas industries.

It submits recommendations to appropriate Government agencies, to improve safety standards and

methods of handling, transporting, and storing gases. CGA acts as advisor to authorities, some of which are regulatory such as the U.S. Department of Transportation, the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission,

U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Canada's Board of Transport Commissioners and

Department of Transport, and state, provincial, municipal, and local agencies concerned with the safe

handling of compressed gases. In addition there is some activity on an international level withparticipahandling of compressed gases. In addition there is some activity on an international level with participation in committees of the United Nations and the

International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

CGA's standards are national in scope. News reports are published in Compressions, CGA's newsletter at approximately monthly intervals.

Formerly: Compressed Gas Manufacturers' Association (1949)

COMPUTER AND BUSINESS EQUIPMENT

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

1828 L Street NW.,

Suite 1200,

Washington, D.C. 20036

CBEMA was organized in 1916 as the Office Equipment Manufacturers' Institute, reorganized in 1961

as the Business Equipment Manufacturers' Association, and in 1972 adopted its present name. CBEMA is a nonprofit organization that provides its members a forum for industry consultation and united

action; a means for communicating facts and views of

the industry to Government, to other industries and

the public. CBEMA does not publish standards in its own name but does participate actively with national

standards bodies. CBEMA is an organizational member of the American National Standards Institute

(ANSI) and serves as the secretariat of two standards

committees operated under ANSI procedures: X3,

Computers and Information Processing and X4, Office

Machines and Supplies. Through its Environment and

Safety Committee, CBEMA represents its members

to other American National Standards Committees,

including Bll, Safety Standards for Machine Tools;

ClOl, Leakage Current for Appliances; D20, Model

Motorist Data Base; P3, Pulp and Paper; X9, Banking; Y14, Drafting; and Y32, Graphic Symbols. It also

participates in the Underwriters' Laboratories Industry

Advisory Conference, Office Appliance and Data Processing Equipment sections.

CBEMA devotes approximately 25 percent of its total program to standardization activities. CBEMA's

Standards Department, headed by the Director of

Standards, administers the standardization activities.

The standards are promoted through publicity in

association communications and the technical and

trade press; distribution by member companies;

reference to, and incorporation of, standards in member company public and internal technical publications; and through implementation of standards in

member company products. Active standards committees and projects are listed in CBEMA annual and

periodic activity reports.

International Standards Participation—Through

American National Standards Committees X3 and X4,

CBEMA participates in the corresponding International Organizatin for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committees 97 and 9.5 respectively, providing

direct support to ANSI as Secretariat for TC 97 and a number of Subcommittees of each. Through the

Underwriters' Laboratories and the U.S. National

Committees for each, CBEMA supports International

Electrotechnical Commission Technical Committees:

61, Safety of Household Electrical Appliances; 65,

Industrial Process Measurement and Control; and the

newly formed TC 74, Safety of Office Machines and

Data Processing Equipment. CBEMA also maintains

active liaison and cooperation with the standards pro66
grams of the European Computer Manufacturers'

Association (ECMA) and with national industry

standards bodies of Japan and the European countries.

Federal Government Standards Relations—CBEMA

cooperates with the Federal Information Processing

Standards (FIPS) program by direct liaison and

exchange of documents between X3 and X4 and the

National Bureau of Standards, and by providing membership, upon invitation, on industry advisory committees to the FIPS Program. The National Bureau of

Standards, General Services Administration and

Department of Defense are organizational members of

X3 and X4. Additionally, staff members of these agencies are members of X3 and X4 technical subcommittees, together with others from the Departments of

Agriculture, Commerce, Health, Education and Welfare, Interior, Labor, Transportation, Treasury, and

the U.S. Postal Service, National Communications

Service, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Civil Service Commission, Federal Reserve System

and Library of Congress. CBEMA also represents the

industry views to, and cooperates with, the standards

program of the Occupational Safety and Health

Administration, Department of Labor and related

activities of the Department of Health, Education and

Welfare.

The total number of standards issued are: by X3, as American National Standards—33, with 12 additional

standards in final stages of approval; by X4, as American National Standards—16, with five others nearing

completion.

CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL

INSTITUTE,

180 North La Salle Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60601

The CRSI was organized in 1924 and has operated

continuously as a national trade association. It consists of and represents mill producers, fabricators, and

suppliers of reinforcing bars. Associated members

include producers and suppliers of other products

used in concrete construction and fabricating equipment manufacturing. The purpose of CRSI is to increase the use of reinforcing bars through research,

education, promotion, improved efficiency for lower

final costs through better design, improved materials,

and construction techniques.

Reducing cost through standardization has been a continuing activity of CRSI for 50 years and involves

up to five percent of CRSI efforts. Beginning with

Steel Reinforcing Bars—R26-30, CRSI has sponsored

development, through the procedures of the National

Bureau of Standards, of Simplified Practice Recommendation R53-63—Steel Spirals for Reinforced

Concrete Columns (withdrawn 7-2-72) ; Simplified

Practice Recommendation R265-63—Forms for TwoWay Concrete Joist Floor and Roof Construction

(withdrawn 5-15-73); Product Standard PS 16-69—

Types and Sizes of Forms for One-Way Concrete Joist

Construction; and Product Standard PS7-66—Wire

Bar Supports for Reinforced Concrete Construction

(withdrawn 2-19-74). Current standard activities are conducted by the CRSI Engineering Practice Committee and subcommittees on bar supports, placing reinforcing bars, concrete joist construction, detailing

-reinforced concrete, and splicing reinforcing steel. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

111 East Wisconsin Avenue,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202

CIMA is a U.S. based association of more than 170

firms that manufacture construction equipment and

related components and supplies. The membership

also includes leading construction industry publications. CIMA can trace its history back to 1921 when it was known as the Highway Industries Association.

It was incorporated under its present name in 1949.

CIMA acts as a clearinghouse for the construction

equipment manufacturing industry in the areas of

safety, health and environmental performance standards for construction machines. The term "performance standards" refers to performance criteria for

machine safety, protective devices, noise characteristics, etc., as opposed to engineering standards which

dictate design.

The main leadership for this task is provided by a Performance Standards Committee of the CIMA

Board of Directors composed of 12 industry executives who work with CIMA's Technical and Safety

Services staff. This board committee is assisted by a large 150-man panel of specially named and highly

qualified performance standards representatives from

each participating member company. These technical

representatives are organized within product-line

committees consisting of eight machinery segment

groups covering the following product areas: crawler

tractors, rubber tired loaders and dozers, motor graders, off-highway trucks, scrapers, crane carriers,

asphalt and crushing equipment, and rollers and

compactors.

An important fact to note is that CIMA does not

write these performance standards itself since it believes these standards should represent a consensus

of all interested parties. Accordingly, this task is turned over to nationally recognized standards-writing

bodies such as the Society of Automotive Engineers.

CIMA is dedicated to avoid duplicating standards

work being pursued by other national or international organizations. As a result, it has "listening post"

committees providing input and output to and from

other trade associations and technical societies working on problems such as engine emissions, dust and

solids' pollution of air, vibration, visibility and many

others.

CIMA is also active in the broad area of "commercial" standards that cover product maintenance, usage,

certification, test, inspection, etc. Certain productoriented groups within CIMA known as Bureaus write

and publish commercial standards which, in practice

become guidelines for bodies such as the American

National Standards Institute in development of con67
sensus standards. CIMA's PCSA Bureau, formerly the

Power Crane & Shovel Association, has published three

commercial standards: No. 1, Mobile Power Crane &

Excavator Standards (1968) ; No. 2, Mobile Hydraulic

Crane Standards (1969); No. 3, Mobile Hydraulic

Excavator Standards (1969). PCSA's Technical Committee works actively with national and international

organizations.

Formerly: Construction Industries Association.

THE CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS

INSTITUTE,

1150 17th Street NW., Suite 300,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The institute founded in 1948, is a nationwide technical society dedicated to improving and coordinating

all aspects of construction specifications and communications. From its founding goal of improving specification writing practices, the institute has provided

leadership for standardization in specifications and in- dustry communications and a common forum for all members of the construction team to meet, discuss,

and formulate industry direction in construction practices. CSI is a horizontally structured organization encompassing all segments of the construction industry

including architects, engineers, contractors, material

suppliers, students, educators and others. In 1973, the

institute had a membership of over 11,000 and 122

chapters throughout the 50 States. CSI publishes a monthly magazine The Construction

Specifier, which is distributed to members as a member service. The institute also publishes technical

documents dealing with specific portions of construction specifications. The institute is involved through

The Construction Sciences Research Foundation in

research work in the construction industry and has

developed a comprehensive and complete product in- formation retrieval system and an automated computerized system for specification text manipulation

adaptable to all types of master specification programs.

CONTRACTOR'S PUMP BUREAU,

13975 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 310,

Silver Spring, Maryland 20906

The Contractor's Pump Bureau (CPB) was founded

1937. The organization is made up of 13 major manufacturers of pumps for the contracting industry. The

standards program is the primary purpose of the

organization and is administered directly by the Board

of Directors.

Standards currently issued are the 14th Revision,

dated January 17, 1970 for the following types of

contractors pumps: self-priming centrifugal, diaphragm pumps, submersible pumps and trash pumps.

These standards are national in scope.

Currently the Board of Directors is reviewing standards for submersible and trash pumps. Promotion for

the use of standards is through advertising in industry

publications.

CONVEYOR EQUIPMENT

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

1000 Vermont Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

CEMA was organized in 1933 and incorporated in

1935. Among the association's purposes is, standardization of design, manufacture, and application on

a voluntary basis and in such manner as will not

impede development of conveying machinery and

component parts or lessen competition. Standardization activities are administered by the CEMA Product

Sections and CEMA Engineering Conference. Currently there are 14 CEMA standards.

CEMA works with the Federation Europeenne de la Manutention (FEM) to enhance exchange of information with European conveyor manufacturers and

participates in FEM conferences on an observer basis.

CEMA is a member of the American National Standards Institute and several CEMA standards have been

adopted as American National Standards. CEMA also

works with other organizations, such as the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers, and with such

Federal Government organizations as the Occupational

Safety and Health Administration, Office of Standards

and the Bureau of Mines wherever possible.

Formerly: Association of Conveyor and Material

Preparation Equipment Manufacturers (1935) ; Conveyor Association (1945).

COOLING TOWER INSTITUTE, INC.,

3003 Yale Street,

Suite 107,

Houston, Texas 77018

The institute, organized in 1950, is an international

self-governing, nonprofit technical association of cooling tower manufacturers, owners, and suppliers of

related chemicals and equipment. Its standards program is planned around the development of a series of

individual standards which, taken together, constitute a specification for a CTI Code Tower.

Published CTI Standards are: STD-103, Redwood

Lumber Specifications: Recommended grades, grading

rules, and allowable design stresses for redwood lumber; ATP-105, Acceptance Test Procedure: Methods

and instrumentation for determining water cooling

capability of mechanical draft towers; NCL-109,

Nomenclature: Terms and definitions describing cooling tower components, design and performance; STD111, Gear Speed Reducers: Rating practice and operating considerations for use with propeller type fans;

WMS-112, Pressure Preservative Treatment of Lumber: Minimum retentions and penetrations in

application of AWPA treatment standards; STD-114,

Douglas Fir Lumber: Grades, recommended stress, nonframework grades and grading rules in applica-
tion of WCLA grades; STD-115, Southern Pine Lumber: Grades, recommended stress, nonframework

grades and grading rules in application of SPIB

grades; STD-119, Timber Fastener Specifications:

Recommended material, manufacturing limitations,

design requirements and allowable loads for timber

fasteners; STD-127, Asbestos Cement Materials:

Establishes grades and dimensions of incombustible

asbestos cement materials for industrial field assembled water cooling towers when used for casings,

splash bar fill, evaporative surface fill, air inlet louvers

and corner roll; STD-201, Certification Standard for

Commercial Water Cooling Towers: Sets forth procedure whereby CTI may certify that a line of towers

will perform in accordance with the manufacturer's

published ratings.

CTI has been working closely with the Environmental Protection Agency in an effort to control therman and chemical pollution.

COPPER DEVELOPMENT

ASSOCIATION INC.,

405 Lexington Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The Copper Development Association Inc. was

established in 1963. It is the long-range engineering

development and market development arm of the

U. S. copper and brass industry. Its primary efforts are in the development of new markets for copper and

copper alloys; major emphasis is directed at creating

new concepts, building prototypes and proving commercial feasibility for these new applications for copper, brass and bronze. In addition, CDA provides

extensive technical support to users of copper and

copper alloys. As part of its technical support work,

CDA carries out standardization activities for brass

mill and foundry products. CDA publishes the Standards Handbook, for the U. S. copper and brass

industry, in seven parts covering: tolerances; alloy

data, both wrought and cast; terminology; engineering

data; sources; and a specifications cross index. Standards constitute less than 10 percent of CDA's total

activities. CDA participates in international standards programs through the U. S. A. National Committee for

Copper and Copper Alloys and is the Secretariat. In

this way, it is helping in the development of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards and Pan American standards, via Pan American

Standards Commission (COPANT). CDA is involved

in Federal Government standardization activities primarily through the review of Federal and military

standards submitted to it for that purpose. CDA is not

involved in certification programs.

The 7-part CDA Standards Handbook is national in

scope and is available free of charge. A Standards

Advisory Committee within the association provides

guidance for all CDA's standards publications and for

CDA activity in U. S. voluntary standards organizations.

Supersedes: Copper and Brass Research Association.

THE CORDAGE INSTITUTE,

2300 Calvert Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20008

The Cordage Institute was founded on June 17,

1920. The membership of the Cordage Institute is composed of substantially all of the rope and twine

manufacturers in the United States, with some Canadian manufacturers and Cordemex of Mexico as special members. The objectives of the institute are

voluntarily and without pecuniary profit to: promote

the interests of the industry and improve its services

to the public; compile and distribute information

throughout the membership and to interested members of the public; and to cooperate in the handling

of problems common to the industry.

The institute's standardization program receives

substantial attention, is the subject of many mailings

to the members of the institute, and has a prominent

place on the agenda of the institute's meetings. The

standardization activities are carried on by its Technical Committee. This program is under the policy

direction and supervision of the Executive Committee

of the institute. The Technical Committee has developed or participated in developing specifications for

hard fiber and synthetic rope and twine with Government agencies since 1924. Close working relationships on standards have been maintained with the U.S.

Army, U.S. Navy, the Maritime Administration, the

Coast Guard, the General Services Administration,

and others. Most recently relationships have been

with: the Defense Supply Agency (Defense Industrial

Supply Center) in regard to military specifications for

natural and synthetic fiber ropes; U.S. Naval Ship

and Engineering Center in regard to military specifications; and with the U.S. Army Natick Laboratory also

in regard to military specifications.

The list of the seven principal Cordage Institute

publications, each of which contains many individual

standards, is: Quality Control—Minimum Standards;

Specifications for Synthetic Ropes; Standard Test

Methods for Stranded and Plaited Synthetic Fiber

Ropes; Bend Tests Made on Natural and Synthetic

Fiber Ropes; Fiber Rope Slings—Load Ratings and

Safe Practices; The Cordage Industry Product Catalog;

and The Safe Use of Rope—A User's Guide to the Safe

Application of Fiber Ropes. These are all national in

scope and considered advisory to Mexican and Canadian members as well as to U. S. members.

The Technical Committee has also worked with

private organizations such as the following on specifications and standards: American Merchant Marine

Association (towing hawsers on ocean-going vessels) ; American Society of Mechanical Engineers (sling

specifications) ; National Ski Area Association (rope

tow and rescue rope specifications) ; New York City

Fire Department (rescue ropes) ; and public utility

companies (specifications and test methods)

.

The following is a list of active standards committees and new projects under consideration: the Technical Committee is actively pursuing standards development. The current projects include: revision of the

69
Product Catalog; review of testing procedures for

hardness, ultraviolet degradation, acid degradation and

breaking; development of a list of expert witnesses

and testing laboratories; preliminary review of subject

of permanent elongation and elasticity; preparation of

sample specifications on working loads; conducting

of determination of testing speeds for polyethylene

rope; and completion of polypropylene specifications

for use by the utility industry, and procedures for

testing electrical leakage.

In international programs, the institute and its Technical Committee have participated in the activities of Technical Committee 38-Textiles, of the Inter- national Organization for Standardization (ISO) and

in the work of the American Society for Testing and

Materials with the ISO. The standards work of the

institute has special international significance because

of the special membership by Canadian manufacturers and Cordemex of Mexico.

CORN REFINERS ASSOCIATION, INC.,

and its research division,

CORN INDUSTRIES RESEARCH

FOUNDATION,

1001 Connecticut Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The association, formerly Corn Industries Research

Foundation, Inc., was incorporated February 9, 1932.

Governed by a Board of Directors, two from each of

the 11 corporate members, the association conducts

industrywide programs of research, technical service,

and public information. Its varied activities include

the development of standardized procedures, terminology, instrumentation, methods of measurement, and

the like on behalf of industry members and the con- sumers of industry products.

An Analytical Procedures Committee develops the

Standard Analytical Methods of the member companies of Corn Industries Research Foundation on a continuing basis. Members of this committee serve as associate referees for various Association of Official

Analytical Chemists (AOAC) product categories. A

reference volume. Critical Data Tables, compiled by

the Scientific Committee, is available from the association at cost. The Applied Development Committee and its subcommittees gives attention to broad technical service

problems. It recently cooperated with the Food Chemicals Codex in developing monographs for modified

starches. On a continuing basis, it assists the Department of Defense in the development of military

specifications. Cooperative work is now underway with

the United States Pharamacopeia on monographs for

industry products as well as with the Joint Expert

Committee of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization

(FAO/WHO). The association has also worked for over ten years with the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission, the International Organization for

Standardization, and the International Commission for

Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis, in the development of international standards.

The Raw Materials Committee works with the Grain

Division of the United States Department of Agriculture on grain standards.

Formerly: American Manufacturers' Association of

Products from Corn (1923) ; Associated Corn Products

Manufacturers (1932); Corn Industries Research

Foundation (1966)

.

COTTON WAREHOUSE ASSOCIATION OF

AMERICA,

1707 L Street NW.,

Suite 540,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The Cotton Warehouse Association of America

(CWAA) was formed in 1969. The new association

resulted as a merger of the National Cotton Compress

and Cotton Warehouse Association (founded in 1937)

and the American Cotton Compress and Warehouse

Association. The association's regular members consist of cotton compress and cotton warehouse owners and operators in the cotton belt states from the

Carolinas to California. Associate membership is available to industry-related businesses such as insur- ance companies, banks, equipment dealers, manufacturers, steamship and truck lines. CWAA has Special Committees on Bale Preparation, Insurance and Standards, and Research and

Engineering. For a number of years, the Research

and Engineering Committee worked closely with U.S.

manufacturers of cotton bale ties and buckles, with a view to improving their quality, strength and reliability. The resulting standards, which have been widely

used by manufacturers since 1956, cover width of

ties, thickness of ties, minimum elongation of ties under stress, flatness of ties, weight and minimum

tensile breaking strength of both ties and buckles.

COUNCIL OF NATIONAL LIBRARY

ASSOCIATIONS,

Chairman, American National Standards

Committee Z39,

c/o School of Library Science,

The University of North Carolina,

Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514

This association includes in its membership 13

major library associations in the United States. Nearly

all of these associations are concerned with standardization in various aspects of librarianship.

CNLA's principal concern with standardization is as

the Secretariat, since 1950, of the American National

Standards Committee Z39 on Library Work, Documentation and Related Publishing Practices. The work of

this committee has been assigned to subcommittees

having the following titles: Program; Machine Input

Records; Bibliographic References; Transliteration;

Library Statistics; Proof Corrections; Arrangement of

Periodicals; Trade Catalogs and Directories; Binding;

70
Standard Book Numbers; Book Publishing Statistics;

Library Materials Price Indexes; Report Literature

Format; Thesaurus Rules and Conventions; Identification Codes; Publicity and Promotion; Standard

Account Numbers; Music Industry Code; Technical

Report Numbering; Bibliographic Entries for Microfiche Headers; Journal Article Citations; Advertising

Microform Publications; and Standard Order Form.

In recent years the American National Standards

Committee Z39, representing the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI), has reviewed and formulated the position on draft International Organization

for Standardization (ISO) standards in the following

areas: Bibliographic References for Patents, Contents

Pages in Serials, Abstracts, Bibliographic Information

Interchange—Format for Magnetic Tape Recording,

Transliteration of Yiddish International Library Statistics and International List of Periodical Title Abbreviations. The committee holds the Secretariat for ISO/

TC46 Subcommittee 2, Conversion of Languages, and

the Secretariat for Working Group 1, Character Sets

for Documentation and Bibliographic Use, of the

newly organized TC 46 Subcommittee 4 on Automation in Documentation.

Fifteen Z39 American National Standards have

been approved and published (they are available from

the American National Standards Institute) ; Z39.1-

1967, Periodicals: Format and Arrangement; Z39.2-

1971, Bibliographic Information Interchange on Magneitc Tape; Z39.4-1968, Basic Criteria for Indexes;

Z39.5-1969, Abbreviation of Titles of Periodicals;

Z39.6-1965, Trade Catalogs; Z39.7-1968, Library

Statistics; Z39.8-1968, Compiling Book Publishing

Statistics; Z39.9-1971, Identification Number for

Serial Publications; Z39.10-1971, Directories of Libraries and Information Centers; Z39.11-1972, System

for the Romanization of Japanese; Z39. 12-1972,

System for the Romanization of Arabic; Z39.13-1971,

Advertising of Books; Z39.14-1971, Writing Abstracts;

Z39.15-1971, Title Leaves of A Book and; Z39.16-

1972, Preparation of Scientific Papers for Written or Oral Presentation.

CRANE MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION

OF AMERICA, INC.,

1326 Freeport Road,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238

The Crane Manufacturers' Association of America

(CMAA), formerly the Electric Overhead Crane Institute, is the organization of leading electric overhead

traveling crane manufacturers of the United States

for the purpose of promoting standardization and

providing a basis for uniform quality and performance. The current standards of CMAA are: Specifications

for Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes, specification

number 70; Crane Operator's Manual; and Specifications for top running and Underhung Single Girder

Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes, specification

number 74. CMAA is represented on the American

National Standards Committee B30, Safety Code for

Cranes, Derricks and Hoists.

CRAYON, WATER COLOR AND CRAFT

INSTITUTE,

Eden Hill Road,

Newtown, Connecticut 06470

The Crayon, Water Color and Craft Institute

(CWCCI), Inc. was founded in 1936. It is an association of manufacturers of children's art materials

which conducts a wide range of activities. Standardization activities represent approximately

20 percent of the total program. CWCCI's Certification Committee is responsible for the standardization

activities.

Since 1943, the institute has worked with the

National Bureau of Standards in the development and

updating of commercial and more recently Voluntary

Product Standards for the products within the scope

of the institute. The two current standards are: CS130-60, Color Materials for Art Education in

Schools and PS30-70, School Chalk. It is presently

planned to replace CS130-60 with five separate

standards. School chalk was the first to be issued.

Standards for school paste and paints and inks for use

in schools are in process. Standards for crayons and

for modeling clay will be initiated upon the completion of the two pending standards.

The Certified Products Bureau of the institute,

initiated in 1940, insures the safety and quality of the

products of subscribers to the bureau. Certified

products are identified by a CP or AP Seal, both

registered trademarks. The CP Seal insures both

nontoxicity and specific quality requirements; the AP

Seal insures nontoxicity only. Nonmember manufacturers may subscribe and be authorized to use the CP

and AP Seals of the bureau if they meet the rigid

requirements. The products covered by the seals are crayons, chalk, finger paints, modeling clay, liquid

and powdered tempera, semimoist water colors, block

printing ink, school paste and related school art products.

DFA OF CALIFORNIA,

303 Brokaw Road,

P.O. Box 270A,

Santa Clara, California 95052

Since 1909 this trade association has established

grade standards, for dried fruits and tree nuts, that are considered national in scope. These standards

comply with both the domestic and foreign need to know that goods shipped comply with contract

descriptions. The standards of this type defy explicit

definition since the goods are inspected according to the buyer's specifications and his acceptance of the

merchandise. Certificates issued as a result of this

type of inspection have achieved worldwide accept- ance and establish a prime focal evidence of a "delivery" by the shipper.

71
This organization has for many years participated

in the establishment of written specifications defining

defects and certain quality standards as set forth in

U.S.D.A. grades and industry specifications. It also

acts as the research agency in developing such standards as may be required for new products developed

in the dried fruit industry.

DFA of California cooperates with foreign governments and submits food additives petitions used in the

dried fruit and tree nut industries.

Services rendered by this association now include

prune, walnut, and fig inspections as required by

Federal or state marketing orders governing these

products, and under private contract, inspections of

the majority of dried apples and cut fruits produced

in California.

Formerly : Dried Fruit Association of California.

DAIRY AND FOOD INDUSTRIES

SUPPLY ASSOCIATION,

5530 Wisconsin Avenue,

Washington, D.C. 20015

This Association (DFISA) was founded in 1912 to represent the manufacturers of supplies and equipment for the dairy industry. It has today expanded

into the supplier organization for the board spectrum

of the food industry. The principal activity of the Association is to sponsor and stage a biennial trade show,

the largest in the food field, with 200,000 square feet

of floor space and 15,000 registered viewers. The 3-A

Sanitary Standards program is cosponsored by DFISA

and other dairy processor trade associations in the

industry. The Association houses the secretary of the

program and coordinates the work of thirty specific

task committees which develop the substance of the

standard. In a staff of seventeen, the standards work

occupies the time of three staff people. The standards

activity is implemented within the Association by the

DFISA Technical Committee, and "satellite" task

committees.

The 3-A program involves participation by representatives from the U.S. Public Health Service, the

U.S. Department of Agriculture and state and local

regulatory health offices. In addition to 3-A standards

for specific equipment, the program develops a cate- gory of accepted practices which provides for a method instead of for a single piece of equipment. To

date there are approximately 37 standards, of which

five are not yet in print. The standards are national in

scope and are voluntary for the industry. They are, however, frequently adopted for regulatory enforcement at the local level. The standards are published

officially in the Journal of Milk and Food Technology,

the official publication of the International Association

of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians. Current

activity is reflected in tentative 3-A sanitary standards

for blenders, colloid mills, dry product bins and

conveyors, dry product hopper trucks, sanitary tubing,

and farm tanks.

A parallel activity is represented by the E-3-A Sanitary Standards which are developed for equipment

used in the processing of liquid eggs. This is cosponsored by DFISA and the Poultry and Egg Institute of

America. The program was initiated in 1968, and 12

standards have been issued. Current activity is con- centrated on egg breakers, egg washers, and HTST

pasteurization for liquid eggs.

The 3-A program for dairy equipment is the result

of cooperation among dairy processors, the users of

equipment; dairy industrial suppliers and equippers,

the manufacturers and sellers of dairy equipment;

and public health officials and sanitarians, the

regulatory officials under whose jurisdiction the

equipment is installed and used.

Voluntarily supported by the national trade associations in the dairy processing industry, the program

has resulted in the adoption of a total of 37 Standards and Practices for dairy equipment. Equipment

complying with the standards may carry the 3-A

Symbol, provided its manufacturer received authorization to do so from the 3-A Symbol Council.

Generally speaking, the 3-A Standards and Practices are acceptable in public health jurisdictions in nearly

every town, city and state in the United States. The

3-A Sanitary Standards and Practices are cited in the

recommended Grade "A" Pasteurized Milk Ordinance

of the U.S. Public Health Service.

DATA PROCESSING MANAGEMENT

ASSOCIATION,

505 Busse Highway,

Park Ridge, lUinois 60068

This is an organization both national and international in scope, founded in 1951, and composed of

25,000 data processing and systems personnel

engaged in the use and management of computers

and related equipment. The standardization activities

comprise about 10 percent of the total program.

DPMA assists in the development of standards in the

data processing field through its membership and

active participation on the American National Standards Committee X3 on Computers and Information

Processing. Through this membership and through

DPMA's official monthly publication, "Data Management," the association encourages and publicizes

efforts toward the development of standards in data

processing equipment, terminology, data codes, analysis, documentation and computer programming

languages.

DPMA solicits review and comment by its members

on proposed standards. These are discussed at meetings of X3 where the DPMA delegate is empowered

to register DPMA's vote. The certification program outlined in Certificate in

Data Processing (CDP), consists of certification by

examination of individuals recognized to be knowledgeable in data processing management. The CDP

program is intended to aid in the establishment of

recognized professional standards within the data

processing industry.

Formerly: National Machine Accountants' Association (1965).

72
DIAMOND WALNUT GROWERS, INC.,

1050 South Diamond Street,

P.O. Box 1727,

Stockton, California 95201

Diamond Walnut Growers, Inc. (DWGI) was

founded in 1912 under the name California Walnut

Growers Association. It is a nonprofit cooperative asso- ciation owned by approximately 3,850 walnut growers

who produce more than 50 percent of the walnuts

grown in the State of California. (The name of the

cooperative was changed in 1956.)

The Evaluation Committee of the Board of Directors established 9 domestic, 5 Canadian, 15 foreign,

and 70 special customer standards for shelled walnuts with all statements of maximum restraints and

definitions concerning size, color, and defective kernels

from United States Standards for Shelled Walnuts

(Juglans regia), 23 F.R. 10354, January 25, 1959,

and Department of Agriculture, Consumer and Marketing Service Walnut Color Chart of 1967, except

where superseded by the Code of Federal Regulations,

Title 21, Section 128.10, March 30, 1972, or other

applicable sections.

The committee established four color and five size

standards for inshell walnuts with all statements of

tolerance and definitions concerning size, color, and

grade defects from United States Standards for

Grades of Walnuts (Juglans regia) in the Shell, 29

F.R. 12865, September 12, 1964, as amended September 1, 1968, 33 F.R. 10840.

All standards are national in scope and DWGI markets under the Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act

of 1937, as amended, with administration by the

Walnut Control Board in San Mateo. DWGI's involvement with other governmental agencies also includes

the Department of Agriculture, Fruit and Vegetable

Division, Food and Drug Administration, Economic

Research Service, Foreign Agricultural Service, and

the Department of Commerce.

The standards are promoted through 88 domestic

and 33 foreign brokers. DWGI employes a Quality

Control Department and the services of the Dried

Fruit Association of California to certify products

during processing and at time of shipment. A complete

listing of standards is available through the Stockton

headquarters of Diamond Walnut Growers, Inc. DIAMOND WHEEL MANUFACTURERS'

INSTITUTE,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

The Diamond Wheel Manufacturers' Institute was

founded in 1963. The DWMI is national in scope and

its members are all located within the continental

United States. They manufacture from basic raw

materials, grinding wheels and blades in which the

abrasive used is diamonds—either natural or manufactured.

The percentage of standardization to the total program is about 30 percent and the standards program

is administered by the Standards and Safety Committee. The industry is actively engaged in international

standardization through International Organization

for Standardization, ISO/TC 29/WG 5. There is no

activity of a standards nature in conjunction with the

Federal Government, nor is there a certification program. Currently there are four standards issued under

the auspices of the industry: American National

Standard B74.1, Identification Code for Diamond

Wheel Shapes; American National Standard, B74.3,

Standard Specifications for Shapes and Sizes of

Diamond Grinding Wheels, Hand Hones, and Mounted

Wheels; American National Standard B74.16, Checking the Size of Diamond Abrasive Grain; and

American National Standard B74.17, Test for Bulk

Density of Diamond Abrasive Grain. All of the foregoing standards are national in scope, since they have

been promulgated through the American National

Standards Institute.

DISTILLED SPIRITS COUNCIL OF THE

UNITED STATES, INC.,

538 Pennsylvania Building,

Washington, D.C. 20004

In March, 1973, three independent trade associations

of the distilling industry, i.e., (1) Distilled Spirits

Institute, (2) The Bourbon Institute and (3) Licensed

Beverage Industries, were consolidated into a new

association. Distilled Spirits Council of the United

States, Inc. (DISCUS) . Each of the three will retain its respective identity as an operating division of DISCUS.

One of the primary functions of this council,

through its standing committees composed of technical experts from member companies, is the continuing

development and maintenance of categorical standards pertinent to the industry. Ongoing studies, as needs are foreseen or dictated by developments in the

regulatory and/or private sectors, are initiated and

pursued through standards formulation, frequently in

cooperation with appropriate Federal agencies. Typical

projects include plant safety standards and metric

size standards, both domestic and international. Other

studies, with standards as a goal, involve the trans- portation and storage of hazardous materials, filtra- tion processes and containers.

DOOR OPERATOR AND REMOTE

CONTROLS MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

110 North Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

This association, frequently referred to as DORCMA,

was established in 1959 as a national trade association comprised of manufacturers of vehicular door

operators—residential, commercial or industrial

and/or remote controls for the operation of the same. Remote controls for automatic door operators generally are of the radio type. Only one standard has been

developed by the association's Technical Committee,

this being a Minimum Standard for Heavy Duty

73
Industrial and Commercial Draw Bar Type Electrically

Powered Door Operators, and national in scope. It bears no other identification, has not been promoted

by the association but is available upon request.

The association has cooperated with Underwriters'

Laboratories in its development of UL 325 Standard

for Safety for Door, Drapery, Gate and Window

Operators and Systems. It also has cooperated with the

Federal Communications Commission regarding the

rules and equipment authorization procedures of RF

devices. Standardization activities comprise a very

small percentage of the association's activities. No new

standardization projects currently are under consideration.

DRY COLOR MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

561 Franklin Avenue,

Nutley, New Jersey 07110

The Dry Color Manufacturers' Association, founded

in 1925, is a nonprofit organization. It is composed of

33 United States producers of dry, flushed and dispersed inorganic and organic pigments.

The association has an Ecology Committee, comprised of four subcommittees: Air and Water Pollution, Heavy Metals, Rhodamine Dyes and Pigments,

and Toxicity. These committees are working actively

with Government agencies such as Occupational

Safety and Health Administration and Environmental

Protection Agency to establish standards for safe

working conditions in handling chemicals, dyes and

pigments.

Traces of various metallic impurities are commonly

found in most industrial chemical products, including

organic pigments. The concentration range of their occurrence is a matter of increasing concern. A survey has been made by the Organic Pigments

Subcommittee of the Dry Color Manufacturers' Association of the trace metal content of a wide range of

organic pigments. Data were collected from 17 organic

pigment manufacturers comprising 376 samples rep- resenting 140 organic pigment structures. This report

gives the result of this survey and discusses the

significance of the findings. The metals surveyed

included arsenic, lead, mercury, barium (soluble),

cadmium, antimony and selenium. The selection of

metals was based on those listed in American National

Standard Z 66.1-1964 and Federal and local laws and

regulations, but not including the regulations for certified colors covered by the Food and Drug Administration.

EASTERN BIRD BANDING

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

58A Fairfield Lane,

Jamesburg, New Jersey 08831

The association was founded in April 1923. EBBA

provides consultation services to professional and

amateur ornithologists who are active, and licensed by

the Fish and Wildlife Service, to engage in banding

and marking activities of birds protected by the Bird

Treaty Acts. Additionally, EBBA publishes an attractive, quarterly magazine dealing with bird banding and

related activities, and research data, new methods and

field techniques. Approximately 900 members are

located in the Eastern United States and other states as well as foreign countries. Standardization of field methods is of great importance to our scope of activities which further aids work done by appropriate

governmental agencies in the collection of field data

and statistics of bird populations, bird migration,

breeding studies, and similar projects involving marking and banding of birds as a means of gathering

these data. Persons permitted to tag birds in this way,

are licensed by the U.S. Department of the Interior's

Fish and Wildlife Service. Information on licensing

should be obtained from the Bird Banding Laboratory,

Office of Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, Maryland 20810.

EDISON ELECTRIC INSTITUTE,

90 Park Avenue,

New York, New York 10016

This institute founded in 1933, is the national trade

association of the investor-owned electric light and

power companies. The major part of its standardization activities is carried out through representation on some 70 standards committees of the American

National Standards Institute. Most of these are con- cerned with standards for electric utility equipment

and customers' appliances and also codes involving

industry practices, such as the National Electrical

Safety Code. The institute also carries on a certain

amount of standardization relative to electric utility

equipment with other industry associations such as the

National Electrical Manufacturers' Association. Insti- tute representatives also are active in standardization

activities of the American Society for Testing and

Materials and the National Fire Protection Association.

In some cases certain committees of the institute

issue specifications intended particularly for use of the

member companies as an aid in preparing their own

specifications for purchase of material. The Transmission and Distribution Committee has issued a number

of these, covering various items of line hardware and

timber products. Other committees have issued several

specifications relating to metering and safety equipment. The titles of these various specifications are shown in EEI Publications and Service Materials,

available from the institute.

ELASTIC FABRIC MANUFACTURERS'

COUNCIL OF NORTHERN TEXTILE

ASSOCIATION,

211 Congress Street,

Boston, Massaehusetts 02110

The Elastic Fabric Manufacturers' Council became

part of Northern Textile Association in 1970 and rep- resents over three quarters of the elastic fabrics industry of the United States.

74
The EFMC's Technical Committee is actively

engaged in the establishment, review, revision and

promulgation of standard test methods, performance

standards and specifications for standard types of

knitted, woven and braided elastic fabrics and nonelastic braided trimming. Current standards include:

Woven Waistband Elastic Minimum Performance

Standard/A Performance Standard for Webbing Used

in Men's and Boys' Underwear and Pajamas; Methods

of Testing Wide Elastic Fabrics-Tension and Stretch,

NTA-EC-1-71.

In addition to counseling engineering societies such

as the American Society for Testing and Materials and

Federal agencies, the EFMC's Technical Committee is a source for interlaboratory testing of test methods,

review of product characteristics and the development

of suggested tolerances and specifications.

Formerly: Elastic Fabric Manufacturers' Institute

(1970).

ELECTRICAL APPARATUS SERVICE

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

7710 Carontlelet Avenue,

St. Louis, Missouri 63105

The Electrical Apparatus Service Association

(EASA), founded in 1933, is a trade association of

companies engaged in the repair of electrical apparatus. Most of the 1900 members are in the U.S.,

Canada, or Mexico, and recently EASA added members in Europe, Asia, Australia, Central America and

Africa.

This association originally developed the following

standards: (1) Electric Motor and Generator Rebuilding Standards—for integral horse power motors and

electrical machinery and equipment one to one thousand KVA; (2) Transformer Rebuilding Standards—applying only to transformers completely

rewound; (3) Rewinding Standards for Single Phase

Induction Motors—for ratings up to and including

10 H.P., 300 volts. Class A insulation; (4) Rewinding

Standards for Three Phase Induction Motors—for

ratings up to and including 200 H.P., 600 volts. Class

A insulation and (5) Hand Power Tool Rebuilding

Standards. These standards have recently undergone

extensive revision by the Engineer's Advisory Committee and were incorporated into one standard. It covers

rebuilding, reconditioning, and rewinding of AC rota- ting apparatus, DC rotating apparatus, liquid filled distribution transformers, air-cooled distribution trans- formers, hand power tools, hermetic motors, testing,

and safety.

Formerly: National Industrial Service Association

(1960).

ELECTRICAL GENERATING SYSTEMS

MARKETING ASSOCIATION,

Tribune Tower,

435 N. Michigan,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

The Electrical Generating Systems and Marketing

Association (EGSMA), founded in 1963, is an international industry organization representing manufacturers and distributors involved with the generation,

transmission, storage and control of electrical energy

not directly supplied by the public utility companies.

Under policy direction of its Board of Directors and

operating through its various committees and staff,

the association is to: maintain a cooperative standards program for developing and promulgating

standards and specifications to serve the industry and

its customers; provide an effective liaison between the

industry and its customers, both civilian and military,

for the interchange of information and ideas; and

assist its customers in obtaining the most advanced

and reliable products and scientific developments from

the industry.

Formerly: Engine Generator Set Manufacturers'

Association (1971).

ELECTRICAL TESTING

LABORATORIES, INC.,

2 East End Avenue,

New York, New York 10021

Electrical Testing Laboratories, Inc. (ETL) was

founded in 1896. It is an employee-owned, independent testing, inspection and certification agency.

Operating as a multidisciplined organization, its divisions are acoustical, chemical, photometric, electrical/

electronic, automotive/mechanical, air-conditioning,

manufactured housing and carpet certification.

Somewhat in excess of 50 percent of ETL's activity

is in the field of product certification where its Certification Services Development group writes standard

methods for the operation of safety and/ or perform- ance label, listing and certification programs. These

methods called Procedural Guides cover all aspects of

certification from initial certification, through fol- low-up inspections, quality control audit and decertification, including label and listing removal

requirements. These standards, national in scope, are published by affected industries and/or ETL. Procedural guides are presently published on: appliances;

air-handling and conditioning equipment; luminaires;

medical devices; electrical cable; fluorescent ballasts

and starters; lamps; architectural glass and aluminum;

builders hardv/are; mobile homes; recreational vehicles; industrialized housing and carpeting. ETL's air- conditioning activities are international.

ETL's certification programs are recognized and

employed by Federal Government agencies, such as General Services Administration (GSA) ; Department

of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing

Administration (HUD/FHA) ; and Occupational

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Carpet

certification procedures to HUD/FHA Minimum

Property Standard, Use of Materials UM 44c, were

prepared under contract by ETL.

ETL makes available its procedural guides and

certified directories to all interested parties. Originally

known as the Lamp Test Bureau (1896-1904), ETL

operated as the exclusive testing, research and

standards-writing arm of the Association of Edison

Illuminating Companies until 1942.

75
ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION,

2001 Eye Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The Electronic Industries Association (EIA) was

founded in 1924. "EIA Engineering Standards are designed to serve the public interest by eliminating

misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in select- ing and obtaining with minimum delay the proper

product for his particular need. Existence of such

standards shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of EIA from manufacturing or

selling products not conforming to such standards.

Standards are proposed or adopted by EIA without

regard to whether their proposal or adoption may in

any way involve patents on articles, materials, or

processes. By such action, EIA does not assume any

liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any

obligation whatever to parties adopting EIA Standards." The preceding statements are the policy of EIA,

reflecting the basic objectives of all EIA standardization programs.

In all cases, specific requirements and restraints

expressed below must govern in the development of

EIA Standards. All standardization programs must be

shown to serve a legitimate public interest objective

and that objective should be specifically stated in the

context of the standard. To assure this, the program

should relate to the achievement of one or more of

the following objectives: (1) promotion of interchangeability or improvement of products; (2) elimination of misunderstandings or confusion between

manufacturers and buyers with respect to the products; (3) providing assistance to the purchaser in

selecting and obtaining with minimum delay a suitable

product for his particular need; or (4) serving a

declared governmental or public interest.

Formerly: Radio Manufacturers' Association

(1950) ; Radio-Electronics-Television Manufacturers'

Association ( 1957 )

.

Absorbed: Magnetic Recording Industry Association (1965).

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

4603 Calvert Road,

College Park, Maryland 20740

The Entomological Society was established in 1953

by the consolidation of the American Association of

Economic Entomologists (1889-1952) and the former

Entomological Society of America (1906-1952). The

society is a professional, scientific, nonprofit organization, operating under articles of confederation dated

July 23, 1954 in Washington, D.C. The boundaries

that encompass Mexico, the United States and Canada

comprise the geographical limits of the society. However, membership is available to entomologists in all parts of the world.

The following Standing Committees provide reports

that may relate to standardization activities on:

Common Names of Insects; Insecticide Terminology;

Insecticide Reference Standards; Insect Survey and

Losses; Professional Training, Standards and Status;

and Special Committee on Insecticide Resistance.

The reports of these committees are published

annually in the March issue of the Bulletin of the

Entomological Society of America. Lists prepared by

these committees are coordinated with the American

National Standards Institute. Lists are used on a national basis for the purpose of standardizing the use

of common names of principal insect pests, common

names of insecticides, methods for determining insect

loss and damage, and insecticide resistance.

ESSENTIAL OIL ASSOCIATION OF

U.S.A., INC.,

60 East 42nd Street,

New York, New York 10017

This association, founded in 1927, serves the interest of processors, importers and dealers in essential

oils and synthetic chemicals.

Aromatic and flavor materials range from the synthetic chemical compounds emerging from a modern

research laboratory to the oil extracted from natural

materials. There are several hundred natural materials that are processed into essential oils such as

flowers, spices, herbs, citrus products, fruits, leaves,

roots, wood, gums and animal products. The processing of these materials include distillation, extraction

with a volatile solvent, maceration and enfleurage

(cold fat absorption). These natural oils contain a multitude of chemical compounds, such as alcohols,

esters, aldehydes, detones, phenols, lactones, terpenes,

and sesqui-terpenes. They are reasonably uniform in

composition and identifiable by such physical characteristics as specific gravity, refractive index, optical

rotation, solubility in alcohol and other solvents.

Identification of these constituents in essential oils

has led to the synthesis of many of them to duplicate

nature's chemistry. Modern research has produced a number of new synthetic aromatic chemicals similar

in structure and odor to the constituents of the natural

oils and structures not found in nature, as far as we

know, as well as some that have entirely new odor

characteristics. In all, there are perhaps 3,000 or more synthetic materials which have become important ingredients in the development of finished perfume or flavor compounds.

The Scientific Section of the EOA, over the past 35

years, has developed some 300 specifications with 20

test methods to aid in their determination. These are incorporated in the internationally accepted volume,

EOA Standards and Specifications. This work has

enchanced not only the professional stature of the

industry, but has upgraded the increasing number of

new products. This service to large-scale users fills a need which has not been covered previously by the

official monographs of the United States Pharmacopeia

(USP) and the National Formulary (NF).

The Instrumental Analysis Committee evaluates

new spectroscopic developments, as well as the more

76
recently introduced Gas Liquid Chromatography, in

analytical techniques as an aid to research and quality

control.

EXPANDED SHALE CLAY AND SLATE

INSTITUTE,

1041 National Press Building,

Washington, D.C. 20004

The ESCSI is a nonprofit technical organization

supported by producers of expanded shale, clay and

slate using the rotary kiln process. The lightweight

aggregate produced by its members conforms with all of the requirements of Standard Specification for

Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete,

American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM

C 330-69, and in addition, meets stipulated minimum

institute standards of performance in concrete. The major objectives of the ESCSI are to: improve

and extend the uses of expanded shale aggregate

through research and development; disseminate the

authentic data developed to the architectural and

engineering professions and to the construction

industry; cooperate and collaborate with other technical organizations interested and active in the field of

concrete; and maintain standards for uniformly high

quality of product among the membership. These

objectives are pursued primarily under the auspices of

its Technical Direction Committee, and the Asphalt

Applications, Masonry, Production, Special Uses,

Structural Design, and Structural Properties Committees.The institute is active in many allied technical organizations engaged in promulgating building codes,

methods of test, recommended practices, specifications

and standards for structural lightweight concrete,

lightweight concrete masonry, and/ or lightweight

aggregates.

Technical and promotional literature, prepared and

published by the institute, is available without charge

in limited quantity from its members or headquarters

office. Included in its series. Lightweight Concrete

Information Sheet, are two pertinent items: No. 10 —Concrete Masonry Guide Specifications; and No. 11 —Guide Specifications for Structural Lightweight

Concrete.

Formerly: Founded as Expanded Shale Institute

(1952), changed in 1955 to current name. EXPANSION ANCHOR MANUFACTURERS

INSTITUTE,

331 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

Founded in 1972, KAMI is a nonprofit organization

comprised of the major USA manufacturers of expansion anchors for the construction industry. Its purposes are to further the development of the expansion

anchor industry, to promote the safe and effective

application of expansion anchors, to encourage

research and to cooperate with organizations engaged

in such work.

A Technical Committee comprised of engineering

representatives of all KAMI member companies is continuously involved in the development of standards. The committee cooperates with Government and

private organizations that are concerned with the safe,

effective and economical employment of expansion

anchors.

Examples of cooperative programs of standards

development are a Research Standard for Testing

Anchors in Concrete for the International Conference

of Building Officials (ICBO) and proposed Standard

Methods of Test for Strength of Anchors in Concrete

and Masonry Elements by the American Society for

Testing and Materials (ASTM). Similar standards

activities are planned in conjunction with the General

Services Administration (GSA), the Housing and

Urban Development, Federal Housing Administration,

and other Federal agencies.

EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

331 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

This association was formed in April 1955 to foster

and study the problems peculiar to expansion joints.

The association operating through its Technical Committee is continuously engaged in the improvement of

its standards which were developed in the interest of

public safety and for guidance in design and determination of service capacities and quality of Bellows

Expansion Joints. Copies of the standards may be

obtained by writing to the secretary.

FACING TILE INSTITUTE,

500 12th Street SW., Suite 810

Washington, D.C. 20024

This institute, founded in 1934, is composed of

manufacturers of ceramic glazed structural facing

tile, natural finish tile, and glazed brick. The institute

has engaged in the standardization of shapes, colors,

and installation techniques and has recently updated

its specifications.

The institute maintains liaison with the Structural

Clay Products Research Institute, and Mason Contractors Association of America. There is a continuous

program of testing and certification of all members'

products covering surface appearance and finish con- ducted by Pittsburgh Testing Laboratories.

Formerly: Glazed Brick and Tile Institute.

FACTORY MUTUAL ENGINEERING

AND RESEARCH,

1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike,

Norwood, Massachusetts 02062

The Factory Mutual Engineering and Research is a wholly owned associate of the Factory Mutual System

which was founded in 1835. With district offices in 17

77
major industrial centers of the United States and

Canada, this organization provides property and production loss-prevention engineering service to industrial

organizations insured in the four companies of the

Factory Mutual System. Standards developed by this

organization from loss experience, engineering background, basic research, applied research, and industrial-scale fire tests, form the basis for its services.

These numerous standards, including such subjects

as installing automatic sprinklers, safeguards for

flammable liquids, gases, dusts, industrial ovens and

dryers, and protection of buildings against wind

damage, are available to the public in data book form.

An important group within the organization is the

research staff who, in addition to conducting the test portion of loss-prevention standards development,

approves equipment and materials and services con- cerned with property damage limitation. Items meeting their performance standards are listed in the

Factory Mutual publication entitled Approval Guide.

Most such items are marked by the manufacturers

with a special identifying symbol to show that they

are so approved.

Through memberships and committee representations, assistance is given to the standardization

activities of other national scope organizations dealing

with materials, equipment, and methods for industrial

property and production loss-prevention. Included are such organizations as the American National Standards Institute, National Fire Protection Association,

and American Society for Testing and Materials.

Factory Mutual System was formerly: Associated

Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Companies.

FAMILY CAMPING FEDERATION OF

AMERICA,

Bradford Woods,

Martinsville, Indiana 46151

The Family Camping Federation of America

(FCFA) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1960

for family camping leaders dedicated to the total interest and needs presenting all segments of the

industry. FCFA's standards were adopted to give direction in the establishment and operation of family

campgrounds, and serve as a basis for campground

accreditation.

The adopted Family Campground Standards

presently represent the concensus of opinion of both

professional and lay authorities and are the culmination of over eight years of work. FCFA has 81 standards catagorized into the following four types: (1)

Mandatory—considered to be absolutely essential to give assurance of campground quality; (2) Desirable

(design standards) —considered to be highly desirable; (3) Sanitation and (4) Administration, all of

which are voluntary. In addition to these, the campground must comply with all applicable codes and

regulations governing the installation, construction

and operation of a family campground. The federation

is affiliated with the American Camping Association,

works closely with several government agencies and

consults on an international basis.

Formerly: Family Camping Federation.

FARM AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT

INSTITUTE,

410 North Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

The Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute

(FIEI), founded in 1893, is a nonprofit association of

manufacturers of farm and industrial equipment,

representing over 90 percent of the North American

business.

Its principal purpose is to serve as a coordinating

body for many matters where joint industry action is desirable to better serve its customers. FIEl is instrumental in originating and coordinating activities con- cerned with education, engineering standards, traffic and transportation, conservation, research, statistics,

safety codes and legislation, and all such matters

which are of common interest to the industry. This

work is carried out through 42 standing committees

and through 13 affiliated organizations and councils,

each with their own committees.

A substantial percentage of FIEI activities involve

proposals for standardization relating to performance

and interchangeability. They are developed by FIEI

engineering committees and approved by the FIEI

Engineering Policy Committee before being submitted

to the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, the

Society of Automotive Engineers and the American

National Standards Institute for adoption as voluntary

standards and publication by these professional societies to promote their use. FIEI also works with numerous international groups

for the harmonization of regulations in the interest of

world trade, including the International Organization

for Standardization (ISO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the

European Committee of Association of Manufacturers

of Agricultural Machinery (CEMA), and others. FIEI

representatives attend international meetings in other

countries many times a year, and cosponsored with

the American National Standards Institute an international seminar for ISO TC-23.

FIEI is involved with government standardization

activities: on the federal level with the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the Department of Transportation, Department of Labor, Office of Special Housing

Assistance, Environmental Protection Agency, and the

Department of Commerce; and on the state level in

connection with certification and regulatory activities. FIEI engineering committees and councils involved

in standards-proposals activities are listed in the FIEI

Organization and Membership Roster which is available upon request from the Farm and Industrial

Equipment Institute.

Formerly: National Association of Agricultural

Implement and Vehicle Manufacturers; National Association of Farm Equipment Manufacturers (1933) ; Farm Equipment Institute (1965).

78
FEDERATION OF SOCIETIES FOR

PAINT TECHNOLOGY,

121 South Broad Street,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107

The federation founded in 1922, is the technical

society of the decorative and protective coatings

industry and allied lines such as printing inks, etc. Members of the federation are chemists, chemical

engineers, and supervisory production personnel of

the industry. The federation is composed of 25 local

organizations, 22 of which are in the United States,

two in Canada, and one in England.

The objectives of the federation are as follows: (1)

to develop or provide practical and technical facts,

data, and standards fundamental to the manufacture

and use of paints, varnishes, lacquers, related protective coatings, and printing inks; (2) to promote

the investigation and interchange of ideas among its members and to promote research and application of

the sciences in the manufacture and use of paints,

varnishes, lacquers, related protective coatings, and

printing inks; (3) to arrange for the collection and

dissemination of information pertinent to the industries served by the federation and for the presentation,

discussion, and publication of papers and other

contributions; (4) to encourage the establishment of

constituent clubs and to coordinate their activities

with those of the federation; (5) to cooperate with the

National Paint, Varnish, and Lacquer Association and

other organizations in a manner consistent with the

provisions of these bylaws; and (6) to perform a public service by the constant improvement of products and elimination of wasteful methods in manufacture.

Formerly: Federation of Paint and Varnish Production Clubs (1960).

FELT MANUFACTURERS' COUNCIL OF

NORTHERN TEXTILE ASSOCIATION,

211 Congress Street,

Boston, Massachusetts 02110

The Felt Council (FMC) became part of Northern

Textile Association in 1961 and represents over 80

percent of the pressed felt industry of the United

States. The FMC's Technical Committee is actively engaged

in the establishment, review, revision and promulgation of physical and chemical specification requirements for standard types of wool felt in both roll and

sheet form. The currently active specification is as

follows: Wool Felt Standard Specification, FS14-

68/71.

In addition to counseling Federal agencies and

engineering societies such as the American Society

for Testing and Materials and Society of Automotive

Engineers on their wool felt specifications, the FMC's

Technical Committee is a source for new technical

information and papers covering additional wool felt performance characteristics which have not yet

reached specification requirement status. Absorbed: Felt Association of New York City.

THE FERTILIZER INSTITUTE,

1015 18th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

This organization, founded in 1970, supports standardization through simplification and uniformity of

Federal and state fertilizer regulatory laws as well as of chemical analytical methods. It also is heavily

involved in the safety standards activities at state and

Federal levels. The institute provides this support

through its staff and qualified committeemen from

the industry.

The objective of such standardization is to increase

the accuracy and precision of the chemical analysis of

fertilizers, and by means of education and safety

practices to prevent accidents and injury.

Further, the institute supports the enactment of

state uniform fertilizer laws as recommended by the

Association of American Plant Food Control Officials. Also, the institute supports further standardization of

reporting and publication forms used in the various

states to record the consumption of fertilizers by

material and grade on an annual, seminannual, quarterly or monthly basis by state and county statistics at least annually.

FIBRE BOX ASSOCIATION,

224 South Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60604

The Fibre Box Association, incorporated in 1940 as a nonprofit organization, is a trade association representing manufacturers of corrugated and solid filare- board. Its membership throughout the country

produces approximately 85 percent of the fibreboard

boxes manufactured. Its aims are to promote the

industry's general welfare; to represent the members

before appropriate Government, transportation, industrial or other agencies; to compile and disseminate

statistical information; and to develop data useful to

its members in marketing their products.

The association is a member of the International

Corrugated Case Association and participates in pertinent activities of the American National Standards

Institute and the International Organization for

Standardization. It is quite active in an advisory

capacity with Federal Government bodies preparing

standards and specifications involving corrugated and

solid fibreboard. The principal agencies are the General Services Administration and the U.S. Army

Natick Laboratories.

In conjunction with the Packaging Machinery

Manfacturers Institute it has issued four joint voluntary standards and one recommended practices

bulletin. These are referenced in the FBA Handbook,

available from member companies.

A second bulletin involving adhesives, prepared

jointly with two other associations, will be issued

shortly. Copies of the standards and bulletins are disseminated, upon request, to general industry.

Announcements of new standards or bulletins appear

in trade journals.

79
FINE HARDWOODS-AMERICAN WALNUT

ASSOCIATION,

666 North Lake Shore Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

FH-AWA was founded in 1914 and merged with

Fine Hardwoods Association on April 1, 1971. This

association cooperates in the development of grade

rules for walnut lumber which are published by the

National Hardwood Lumber Association. It also cooperates with the Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers

Association in its Rules for Measurement and Inspection of Veneers and Plywood. These grade rules are

in general use both in the United States and foreign

countries.

FINNISH PLYWOOD DEVELOPMENT

ASSOCIATION,

210 East Broad Street,

Falls Church, Virginia 22046

This Association represents member mills manufacturing birch plywood used in various interior and

exterior applications. The Technical Division of the

Association is responsible for conducting research and

testing.

The Association is a member of the American Concrete Institute, American National Standards Institute,

American Society for Testing and Materials, Building

Officials and Code Administrators International, Inter- national Conference of Building Officials, and the

Southern Building Code Congress.

In addition, the Association works cooperatively

with the American National Standards Institute, as well as the International Organization for Standardization, and offers assistance in the development of other

product standards or specifications which affect the use of birch and other hardwood plywoods used in

structural applications.

standards are used nationally as the principal

specification and use document.

The active group concerned with standards continues to be the Commercial Standards Committee,

appointed annually. Current considerations are

related to studying standardization of glass sizes to accommodate a change to safety glass use. Standards information is publicized and promoted

in releases, mailings to the trade and product publications prepared and distributed by Western Wood

Products Association, the management arm of FHDA.

FLAT GLASS MARKETING ASSOCIATION,

1323 Topeka,

Topeka, Kansas 66612

The Flat Glass Marketing Association (FGMA) was

founded in 1949. This association has recently published a revised edition of their Glazing Manual. By

virtue of its ever increasing popularity throughout the

United States, the new manual has gained recognition

and is now being widely distributed in numerous

foreign countries. Broadening design concepts, new

construction methods and accelerated building material developments made the republication imperative.

The new manual was prepared by the FGMA

Glazing Manual Committee. Its purpose is to set forth

in one volume the recommended basic procedures for

glazing. The scope, however, has been enlarged to encompass plastic installation as well as the new

suspended glazing system. The format of the manual

has been improved, consolidating the information and

making the technical data more readily accessible.

It is the aim of this manual to be of particular use

to the architect in specifying glazing methods, materials and procedures; to the contractor in supplying

the recommended materials; and to the glazier in

achieving quality performance.

Formerly: Flat Glass Jobbers' Association (1969).

FIR AND HEMLOCK DOOR ASSOCIATION,

Yeon Building,

Portland, Oregon 97204

The Fir and Hemlock Door Association (FHDA)

was founded in September of 1965. Its primary purpose is to foster and protect the interests of consumers

in the use of fir and hemlock panel doors.

Standardization activities occupy approximately

60-70 percent of the total program efforts. These activities are administered by the officers and a Commercial Standards Committee. FHDA has cooperated with

the U. S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau

of Standards and other Government and private agencies in a revision of CS 73-61 before publishing

Industry Standard FHDA/4-72, which is a current

industry standard.

FHDA represents the major and majority of fir and

hemlock panel door manufacturers and its industry

FLUID CONTROLS INSTITUTE,

12 Bank Street,

Summit, New Jersey 07901

This institute founded in 1921 is a nonprofit

association of manufacturers of fluid control devices

such as control valves, regulators, solenoid valves,

steam traps, check valves, strainers and separators,

and space heating specialities. FCI is engaged in

formulating voluntary standards and practices with

respect to terminology, design, function, capacity,

efficiency, construction, materials, manufacture, and

testing of fluid control devices through the sections

engaged in various fields of activity.

The institute has Standardization and Standards

Planning Committees chaired by appointees drawn

from representatives of member companies. The

product oriented sections also have standardization

chairmen responsible for guidance of standards activi80
ties until the work has progressed to adoption of

individual standards by the institute.

The institute is a member body of the American

National Standards Institute. FCI has liaison representative monitoring work being carried on by

International Organization for Standardization and

International Electrotechnical Commission in the area

of international standards, and Instrument Society of

America, National Fluid Power Association and

Scientific Apparatus Makers' Association on domestic

standards.

Fluid Controls Institute has published 17 standards

available from the institute office. Formerly: National Association of Steam and Fluid

Specialty Manufacturers (1941); National Steam

Specialty Club (1956).

FOOD PROCESSING MACHINERY AND

SUPPLIES ASSOCIATION,

7758 Wisconsin Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20014

The Food Processing Machinery and Supplies Association (FPM&SA), formerly the Canning Machinery

and Supplies Association, was founded in 1885. Its main program is the development and presentation of

the annual National Exposition for Food Processors.

Although standardization activities currently are minimal, the Technical and Sanitation Committee is responsible for the administration of any activities in

cooperation with associations dealing with the establishment of standards for materials used in the

production, preparation, processing and packaging of

foods and other products which are packaged in glass,

metal, fibre and/or plastic. FPM&SA has cooperated

with the National Canners' Association and the Can

Manufacturers' Institute in the standardization of

sizes of tin cans and with the Glass Container Association of America in developing standard sizes of

glass containers.

FORGING INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION,

55 Pul>lic Square,

Cleveland, Ohio 44113

The Forging Industry Association (FIA) began in

1913 as the American Drop Forging Association, and

underwent several changes in organization and name

until adopting the present FIA structure in 1965.

Forging Industry Association, an Ohio corporation

not-for-profit, currently represents about 70 percent

of the manufacturers of impression die forgings in the

United States and Canada.

The association is the cosponsor, along with the

National Safety Council, of the American National

Standard B24. 1-1971 Safety Requirements for Forging. FIA is also represented on the American National

Standards Committee Bll, which is concerned with

machine tools and related equipment.

A booklet entitled Tolerances for Impression Die

Forgings dated 1963, has been developed and printed

by FIA. Additionally, the association is represented

with the International Organization for Standardization on Technical Committee 17.

FRICTION MATERIALS STANDARDS

INSTITUTE, INC.,

Bergen Mall Office Center,

East 210 Route 4,

Paramus, New Jersey 07652

The Friction Materials Standards Institute, Inc. (FMSI) was founded in 1949 to promote distribution

of relevant information pertaining to automotive

brake linings, brake shoes and clutch facings to the

friction materials industry. FMSI has 11 regional

members outside the United States. Standardization activities of the institute comprise

25 percent of the total program. These activities are administered by the Data Book and Technical Committee and the Quality Control Subcommittee. The

institute issues catalogs using a standard numbering

system for all current automotive brake linings, brake

shoes, and clutch facings. The copyrighted numbering system is authorized for use by the institute, to its members and to customers of its members. In that

manner, FMSI's standard numbering system is worldwide in scope. FMSI publishes the Automotive Data

Book and Brake Shoe Identification Catalog annually.

The institute's involvement with the Government is through its promotion of the standardization of test equipment, test procedures and test evaluation for the

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

(NHTSA).

Formerly: Brake Lining Manufacturers' Association.

GAS APPLIANCE MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1901 North Fort Myer Drive,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

This association, which was founded in 1936, represents manufacturers of all types of domestic, commercial, and industrial gas equipment, appliances, and

accessories. It works through the national standards

promulgation procedures of other groups and organizations rather than developing its own standards. In this manner, a high quality of manufacturers'

input has been provided to assist committees and subcommittees comprised of consumers, energy suppliers,

and other general interest groups in the development

and constant maintenence of approximately 75 dif- ferent standards for gas appliances and equipment

which have been recognized as American National

Standards by the American National Standards Institute.This high quality manufacturers' input on standards-related matters has also been provided through

GAMA to many other organizations concerned with

the development and maintenance of national standards, such as the American Society for Testing and

81
Materials, American Society of Mechanical Engineers,

National Fire Protection Association, National LP-Gas

Association, and American Gas Association.

Gas appliance and equipment manufacturers' input

is also frequently provided to many Government

agencies such as the Department of Commerce, Con- sumer Product Safety Commission, Federal Housing

Administration, and General Services Administration.

A Committee Personnel List is available from

GAMA, showing the membership of American National Standards Committees Z21 (domestic and

commercial gas appliances and equipment), Z83

(industrial gas equipment) and Z223 (national fuel

gas code)

.

GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA,

11940 San Vicente Boulevard,

Los Angeles, California 90049

As a school for the purpose of training jewelers,

this institute teaches diamond appraising and coloredstone evaluation, using standard grading systems

developed for this purpose. Several of the systems

employed are modifications of those long used in the

jewelry industry, but the institute's appraising system

developed for diamonds is based on a grading system

for diamond cutting, which was possibly the first ever developed. Prices are set against grading standards on

each of the important gemstones. In addition, the

institute maintains gem testing and research laboratories in Los Angeles and New York City, as well as a gemological library consisting of 2,000 volumes.

GLASS CONTAINER MANUFACTURERS'

INSTITUTE, INC.,

1800 K Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The Glass Container Manufacturers' Institute, Inc. was established in 1945 and represents the manufacturers of glass containers and closures producing

approximately 90 percent of the United States output.

The basic objective of the institute is to promote the

continued growth and acceptance of glass containers

as desirable, competitive packages for beverages, foods

and other commodities.

The institute has a Technical Committee augmented

by specific subcommittees and task groups. Technical

staff meets regularly in this committee with qualified

specialists from each of the participating firms to review and investigate the unique technical problems

developing within the industry. A current standardization activity is the initiation, through the consensus

route with the National Bureau of Standards of the

Department of Commerce, of a Voluntary Product

Standard for Carbonated Soft Drink Bottles (TS-214).

This will cover the major considerations in the manufacture and control of containers for carbonated soft

drinks. Resolution of this consensus standardization

activity is anticipated within the year.

GLASS TEMPERING ASSOCIATION,

1325 Topeka,

Topeka, Kansas 66612

The Glass Tempering Association was founded in

1958, is a nonprofit organization. Its primary efforts are in developing specifications, standards and testing

procedures for a variety of tempered glass products.

The association has technical committees involved

in Standards and Engineering, Appliance Specifications, Construction Specifications, Spandrel Specifications and Consumer Safety Glazing Legislation. These

committees meet two to three times a year to review

their respective standards, and their work is compiled

in the Engineering and Standards Manual published

by the association.

GRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS COMPUTER

ASSOCIATION,

Graphic Communications Center,

1730 North Lynn Street,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The Graphic Communications Computer Association, a separate international membership organization

within Printing Industries of America, Inc., was

founded in 1966 to assist the graphic communications

industry and member firms in particular in the effec- tive use of computer systems. Its primary functions

include research on the application of computer technologies to the processes of printing and publishing,

educational programs and seminars for industry ex- change of information on computer use, and identification and development of areas of standardization to

assist dissemination of information through publishing.

Its Composition Committee, composed of representation from state, Federal, and Canadian government

agencies (including U.S. Government Printing Office)

and private industry, continues to promote and participate in the development of standard approaches to information file identification and typographic specification to maximize the application of generalized,

hardware, independent approaches to composition

system design. It has represented the printing and

publishing industry in American National Standards

committee efforts to expand bit structures to encompass the full range of symbols required in text processing and computer assisted typographic composition. It represents its parent organization on American National Standards Committee X-3, Computers and Information Processing.

Formerly: PIA Computer Section.

GRAY AND DUCTILE IRON FOUNDERS'

SOCIETY,

Cast Metals Federation Building,

20611 Center Ridge Road,

Rocky River (Cleveland), Ohio 44116

The society, founded 1928, is a trade association in

the ferrous foundry industry serving producers of

82
gray iron, ductile iron and white iron castings. The

society does not establish standards, but provides

active support and data to the various standards

organizations, especially the American Society for Test- ing and Materials. The society promulgates updated

summaries of established specifications. In addition to providing technical services to members and customers,

the society provides full staff services in marketing, cost accounting and financial management. The society's

Gray and Ductile Iron Castings Handbook, published

in 1971, is a complete (680 pages) reference for users

of Gray, ductile, white and alloy iron castings.

Formerly: Gray Iron Institute (1935); Gray Iron

Founders' Society (1946).

GRINDING WHEEL INSTITUTE,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

The Grinding Wheel Institute was founded in 1914.

The standardization activities of this institute are carried on by the Standards and the Safety Committees. The work of the Standards Committee deals

primarily with simplification matters. It initiated the

program for simplification of sizes of grinding wheels.

The Standards Committee's activities also include

assistance in the development of American National

Standards covering the products of the industry. As

they are finalized, they are submitted to the American

National Standards Institute for approval.

This institute was joint sponsor with the International Association of Governmental Labor Officials in

the development of the American National Standard

Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of

Abrasive Wheels, which was approved and issued as American National Standard B7.1-1970. The institute

is also represented on three American National Standards Committees—Small Tools and Machine Tool

Elements, Safety Code for Exhaust Systems and the

Mechanical Standards Board of the American National

Standards Institute.

Formerly: Grinding Wheel Manufacturers' Association (1948).

GUMMED INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION,

INC., THE,

380 North Broadway,

Jericho, New York 11753

This association, founded in 1920, represents

domestic manufacturers of water-activated gummed

paper products and, through associate memberships,

these manufacturers' raw material suppliers. The GIA

publishes standard test procedures and also has cooperated with the National Bureau of Standards, in the

establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendation

R 114-63, Gummed Kraft Paper Sealing Tape; and

with the General Services Administration in the

preparation of Federal Specification PPP-T-45C, Tape,

Gummed, Paper, Reinforced and Plain, For Sealing

and Securing. The association is also currently developing voluntary product performance standards

which, together with other data, are expected to be

issued as an American National Standards by the

American National Standards Institute.

GYPSUM ASSOCIATION,

201 North Wells Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

The Gypsum Association was organized in 1930

and is engaged in promoting the use of gypsum and

gypsum products. Technical research programs are continually conducted in fire, sound and structural

testing of gypsum products and related accessories.

Contributions are made to building codes through education in the application and uses of gypsum products,

and to the life-safety aspects of fire protection by

providing advisory services in the interests of the

industry and users of its products.

The association actively participates on several

American Society for Testing and Materials, National Fire Protection Association, and American

National Standards Committees, as well as participation in the work of major model code groups, such

as American Insurance Association, Building Officials

and Code Administrators International, International

Conference of Building Officials, Southern Building

Code Congress and National Academy of Code Offi- cials. Membership is also maintained in the National

Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials

and parallel interests are maintained with major contractor groups, such as International Association of

Wall and Ceiling Contractors and Gypsum Drywall

Contractors International.

The association is organized into anumber of committees. These are Building Code, Manufacturing and

Mining, Materials Handling, Promotional, Safety,

Technical and Traffic. There are representatives from

each committee that hold membership in related

national societies and committees.

Contributions are made to Federal standards published by the Department of Housing and Urban

Development; the Department of Health, Education

and Welfare; Building Research Advisory Board; General Services Administration; Occupational Safety and

Health Administration; Environmental Protection

Administration; Bureau of Mines; National Bureau of

Standards and the military services of the Department of Defense.

Educational and general interest publications,

movies, slide programs are developed and offered to the public. Recommended practices and a variety of

guides are published.

GYPSUM ROOF DECK FOUNDATION,

5820 North Nagle Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60646

This is a national trade association, founded in

1959, and the only association in this industry. Its constituent members are building contractors active in

the promotion, sales and installation of poured-inplace gypsum roof decks.

83
Members also include suppliers to the industry. The

association has developed and published the following:

Standard Installation Practices For The Gypsum Roof

Deck Industry, Design Data, Poured Gypsum Roof

Deck, and How To Inspect A Gypsum Roof Deck.

This association also published and is concerned

with the development of the American National

Standard A 59, Specifications For Reinforced Gypsum

Concrete; the American Society For Testing and

Materials Specifications, C 317, C 318, C 472, and

C 473; and the Gypsum Association's Blue Sheet on

Testing Samples of Gypsum Concrete.

HACK AND BAND SAW

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

1803 South Busse Road,

Mount Prospect, Illinois 60056

The purpose of the Hack Band Saw Manufacturers'

Association (HBSMAj is to promote the common

business of the industry and seek general improvements of the products for the industry.

This association has had standardization as the

main objective since its founding in the 1920's as the

Hack Saw Association. At that time, the association's

main purpose was to standardize the many thousands

of sizes of hack saw blades then on the market. With

the advent of band saws, the association's name was

changed and its scope enlarged to include the standardization of band saws. Standardization activities consist of 30 percent of the total program, with the

Standardization Committee administering those activities. The two current standards: Hack Saw Blades,

American National Standard B121.1; and Band Saw

Blades, American National Standard B122.1, are

constantly being reviewed and updated by the committee. The changes needed in existing standards are

detected by means of popularity indices and nonstandards reports—the first issued annually and the

second quarterly. New blades and new applications

make this continual "watch-dogging" imperative, for

thus the manufacturers remain flexible enough to fit their customer's needs and by standardization, the

number of "specials" needed cuts costs for everyone

involved. Current projects consist of cooperation with

machine manufacturers for band saw length standardization, and for friction sawing sizes. HBSMA is the Secretariat of the International Organization for Standardization, ISO/TC 29-WG15 on Band Saws.

Formed by merger of: Hack Saw Association; Metal

Cutting Band (1959).

HARDWOOD DIMENSION

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

3813 Hillsboro Road,

Nashville, Tennessee 37215

The Hardwood Dimension Manufacturers' Association was founded in December 1929 to write grading

rules and standards for the industry; conduct and

stimulate trade promotion activities; and to encourage

educational plant tours and seminars that promote

free exchange of manufacturing techniques and ideas

in the industry and among its members.

Committees of this association cooperate with all lumber manufacturing associations for both hardwood

and softwood, and furniture manufacturing and other

wood using industries in bringing about standardization programs on grading rules for hardwood dimension parts. In this connection the association, under

the administration of the Grade Rules Committee,

published the Rules for Measurement and Inspection

of Hardwood Dimension Parts, Rules for Measurement

and Inspection of Hardwood Interior Trim and Moldings, and Rules for Measurement and Inspection of

Hardwood Stair Treads and Risers. These rules are

listed in the catalog of the National Lumber Manufacturers Association (National Forest Products Association), and since they are the only grading rules or standards for the industry, are considered national in

scope. In order to assure purchasers that the various types

of products covered by these grading rules and standards are in accordance with the quality and grade

covered by the standards, the producers of this

industry may either individually, or in cooperation

with the association, issue guarantee certificates of

classification (HDMA Certificate of Origin) for specific shipments, or grade and trademark, or each piece or bundle as conforming to the HDMA grading rules.

HARDWOOD PLYWOOD MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box 6246,

Arlington, Virginia 22206

The Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers' Association

(HPMA) was founded in 1921. HPMA is the national

trade association for hardwood plywood manufacturers and prefinishers of hardwood plywood, with an

office and laboratory in Arlington, Virginia. Field

inspectors operate out of Arlington, Virginia; Portland,

Oregon; and Los Angeles, California.

Fifty percent of HPMA's total program is in the area of standardization, including inspection, testing,

and certifying to standards. The Technical Committee

for these activities is under the guidance of the Technical Director. HPMA issued HPMA-LF-71, Interim

Industry Standard for Laminated Hardwood Block

Flooring; HP-SG-71, Structural Design Guide For

Hardwood Plywood ; CB-SG-73, Design Guide for Wood

Composition Board Panels; and GP-RUD-73, Recommended Use Document For Two-Ply Panels For

Gussets. HPMA has inspection, testing, and certifying

programs for hardwood plywood, prefinished hardwood plywood, wood composition board panels, laminated hardwood block flooring and two-ply gusset plates.

HPMA initiated the writing of the U.S. Department

of Commerce's Product Standard, PS 51-71, Hardwood

and Decorative Plywood. HPMA cooperates with all Government agencies that write Federal and military

84
specifications which affect hardwood plywood and

flooring. It reviewed the Department of Housing and

Urban Development's Minimum Property Standards

for One- and Two-Family Dwellings, Multi-Family

Dwellings, and Care-Type Housing with reference to

its products.

HPMA's standards are used internationally by its foreign members, Canada and Panama. HPMA has

been active internationally through representation at the following meetings and conferences: the United

Nations Food and Agriculture Organization meetings

in Rome, the 2nd Asian Plywood Conference in Tokyo,

and the 3rd Asian Plywood Conference in Seoul,

Korea.

Formerly: Hardwood Plywood Institute (1964).

HOIST MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE,

1326 Freeport Road,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238

The Hoist Manufacturers' Institute (HMI) was

founded in 1967 as a trade association of U.S.A.

manufacturers of manual and electrically operated

overhead handling hoists. Approximately 60 percent

of the institute's time is expended on engineering

standards. The Engineering Committee administers

HMI's standards activities with approval of the Board

of Directors. They consist of four specifications on

overhead handling hoists: HMI 100—Standard Specifications for Electric Wire Rope Hoists; HMI 200

Standard Specifications for Hand Operated Chain

Hoists; HMI 300—Standard Specifications for Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoists; HMI 400—Standard Specifications for Electric Chain Hoists; plus the

American National Standard B30.16, Safety Code for

Overhead (Handling) Hoists. These standards are considered national in scope.

The institute cooperates with the Naval Construction Battalion Center, Defense Supply Agency and

Naval Ship Engineering Center, by commenting on

their military specifications. On an international level,

the organization is represented on pertinent U.S.A.

committees in presenting U.S.A. viewpoints in international standards.

Formerly: Hoist Manufacturers' Association.

HOME VENTILATING INSTITUTE,

230 North Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60601

A voluntary organization for manufacturer self- regulation, founded in 1955, the Home Ventilating

Institute (HVI) conducts a program for certified

performance standards for residential vented range

hoods and wall and ceiling exhaust fans.

HVI certified ratings for air delivery were introduced in 1960 and for sound emission in 1971. All

ratings are based on independent tests at Texas

A & M University., Products bearing the HVI label

must be so certified.

Ratings are related to air change standards for

kitchens, bathrooms and other rooms. The HVI label is cited by the Department of

Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing

Administration (HUD/FHA) as evidence of compliance with test requirements of the Minimum

Property Standards which require that all ventilating

equipment be tested and rated according to HVI

procedures. The National Medallion Homes Standards

cites HVI standards.

HVI is recognized as a quality control agency by the

International Conference of Building Officials and the

Building Officials and Code Administrators International.

Standards are being developed for powered attic space ventilators.

The HVI cooperates with the Canadian Standards

Association and the International Electrotechnical

Commission in development of proposed standards.

The HVI standards are supported in continuing

press articles and HVI's guide and annual directory of

ratings.

ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY,

United Engineering Center,

345 East 47th Street,

New York, New York 10017

Standardization work of this society, which was

founded in 1905, is carried on by over 80 technical

committees and subcommittees that study and report

to its Board of Directors on lighting of all areas such as: airports and aircraft, farms, industrial plants,

institutions, offices, public conveyances, residences,

schools, service stations and parking areas, sports

and recreational areas, stores, streets and highways,

theaters and television studios. The society's committees are also concerned with light sources, lighting

and air-conditioning, lighting education programs,

lighting progress, lighting maintenance, light control

and equipment design, nomenclature, quality and

quantity of light, searchlighting and testing procedures

for illumination characteristics. Standards, specifications, and reports on the above subjects are published

in the quarterly Lighting Design and Application

journal. Six of these reports became American

National Standards after processing through the channels of the American National Standards Institute.

Through an active research program the society is able to feed to the technical committees data that are used in developing reports and standards.

The society is also active in related matters through

representation on committees of other professional

organizations, some of which are the International

Commission on Illumination, National Research Council, Inter-Society Color Council, Society of Motion

Picture and Television Engineers, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American

National Standards Institute, and U.S. Institute for

Theatre Technology.

85
INDIANA LIMESTONE INSTITUTE OF

AMERICA, INC.,

Stone City National Bank Building,

Suite 400,

Bedford, Indiana 47421

The Indiana Limestone Institute of America (ILIA) was founded in 1928. The institute serves the construction industry, the architectural profession and the

limestone industry as a coordinating agency for the

dissemination of accurate, unbiased information on

limestone standards, recommended practices, grades,

colors, finishes, and all technical data required for

specifying, detailing, fabricating and erecting Indiana

limestone. The institute is supported by quarriers,

fabricators and associates of Indiana limestone building stone. ILIA devotes 20 percent of its activities to its standardization program and its Technical Committee is responsible for those activities. The Indiana Limestone

Handbook, the only ILIA standard, is the national

standard for the industry. In addition, Government

agencies include reference to ILIA, as the standard

source for information on Indiana limestone, in their

standards and specifications.

Absorbed: National Association for Indiana Limestone.

INDUSTRIAL DIAMOND ASSOCIATION

OF AMERICA, INC.,

53 East Main Street,

Moorestown, New Jersey 08057

This association (IDAA), established in 1945, is involved with standards for industrial diamonds. With

the American Society of Manufacturing Engineers, it cosponsors American National Standards Institute

(ANSI) Project B-67, Industrial Diamonds and Accessories for Their Use. Through this project, an American National Standard for Diamond Dressing Tools

has been developed and approved. Through cosponsorship with the Grinding Wheel Institute, the

association also cosponsors ANSI Project B-74.1,

Identification Code for Diamond Wheel Shapes. Other

American National Standards to which the association

has cooperated include B-74.16, Checking the Size of

Diamond Abrasive Grain, and B-74.17, Test For Bulk

Density of Diamond Abrasive Grain. Other standardization projects are being studied by various committees with a view to presenting them to ANSI for

approval.

In cooperation with the National Bureau of Standards, the association developed a separate Commerical

Standard for grading of diamond powder, approved

September 1963 and known as CS261-63, Grading of

Diamond Powder in Sub-Sieve Sizes. It is currently

cooperating with NBS in reviewing this standard.

IDAA's Toolmakers Industry Committee is currently

revising and updating the Handbook—Diamond Tool

Shanks, as compiled and published by the association

in 1954.

INDUSTRIAL FASTENERS' INSTITUTE,

1505 East Ohio Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44114

The Industrial Fasteners' Institute (IFI) is an

association of leading North American manufacturers

of bolts, nuts, screws, rivets, and all types of special

industrial fasteners. IFI member companies combine

technical know-how to advance fastener technology

and application engineering. The institute works

cooperatively with national and international technical

organizations, developing fastener standards and technical practices.

Users of fasteners in all industries benefit from

advances made by IFI members in fastener design,

manufacture and application, assuring users of maximum engineering efficiency and reliability, at minimum cost of assembly. There are more than 500,000

standard and 3,000,000 special sizes, kinds, and

shapes of fasteners and engineering components.

In addition to maintaining its own standardswriting program, IFI has historically published the

Fastener Standards Book. The fifth edition of Fastener

Standards Book represents the fifth major presentation since the initial publication in 1941. During this

29-year period, copies have been distributed to major

manufacturing and construction interests throughout

the world. A major reference book for users of mechanical fasteners, this edition is the only single collec- tion of all pertinent standards documents of all types

of general purpose commercial industrial fasteners.

The standards book is considered a "bible" for design

engineers and production managers in all industries.

A principal development since publication of the

fourth edition was the passage in 1966 of The

National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act. That

act has focused attention on the need for careful

selection of fasteners for all safety critical applications,

and for use of handling, storage, initial installation

and subsequent maintenance procedures which pre- serve the integrity of the fastener as originally manufactured. For any safety critical applications, the user should consider whether fasteners manufactured to commercial standard and acceptable quality levels are adequate for such application. With respect to the

selection and handling of replacement fasteners, the

institute urges all users to employ the same degree of care as with the original product, so that the quality

of the assembly is in no way diminished.

Formerly: American Institute of Bolt, Nut and

Rivet Manufacturers.

INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT SOCIETY,

570 Northwest Highway,

Suite 4,

Des Plaines, Illinois 60016

Through the Occupational-Rating Research Group,

this society, which was founded in 1934, developed

an occupational-rating plan for hourly and salaried

occupations, which is a standard devised by the

86
society for standardizing and evaluating occupations.

This standard is being widely used at the present time

throughout the country. The use and adoption of the

plan as set forth in this standard serve to establish

more uniform classifications of grading occupations

among various manufacturers concerned. The society

also maintains a rental library of industrial engineering training and work simplification films. These films

depict "before and after" phases of method improvements made on actual jobs in some of America's

leading companies. All films are award winners from

an annual competition sponsored by the society. Also

developed and recently published is a new standard

for evaluating office jobs.

INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION,

150 N. Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

The Industrial Medical Association (IMA), established in 1915, is a professional organization for all physicians concerned with the relationship between

health and work, and the work environment. Its purposes are to further the education and to advance the

knowledge and skills of its members. The association

also promotes interest, stimulates research, and dis- seminates information directed toward improvement

and conservation of the health of employees. It endeavors to represent the interests of its members in

cooperating with industry, labor, government, and

other medical organizations on matters pertaining to the health of people who work. The association seeks

to unite into an active and dynamic organization all physicians fully or partially engaged in the practice of

occupational medicine and surgery. In pursuit of these purposes and objectives, individual physicians engaged in the practice of occupational

medicine and surgery are encouraged to develop skills and competence to carry out the following characteristic functions of this special field: (1) To aid in the

placement of job applicants by ascertaining their

physical, mental, and emotional capabilities for work

which they can perform with an acceptable degree of

efficiency without hazard to themselves or others; (2)

To guide and assist all employees in achieving and

maintaining optimal health so that they may perform

effectively and with satisfaction until retirement; (3)

to reduce the incidence, and thereby the cost to both

employee and employer, of illnesses and accidents

through the development of effective health programs;

(4) To provide for the diagnosis and treatment of

occupational injuries and illnesses and, where indicated or necessary, of nonoccupational disorders; (5)

to promote maximal rehabilitation of all sick and

injured employees; (6) to aid in the effective administration of employee benefits concerned with health

and disability; (7) to cooperate with those charged

with establishing product safety and consumer protection; (8) to cooperate with the health professions and

with voluntary and governmental agencies concerned

with community health and welfare; (9) to explore,

with health planning organizations and the private

sector of medical practice, means of integrating

occupational medicine into the delivery of total health

care; and (10) to aid in the assessment of the work

and community environment and the control of

hazards to health.

IMA contributes to the development of standards

through representation in the following American

National Standards Committees: N12, N13, S3, Z4,

Z16, Z37, Z49, Z66, Z87, Z88, Z89, Z117, Z136 and

Z137. In addition IMA is represented on the Safety

Technical Advisory Board of the American National

Standards Institute.

Formerly: American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons (1951)

.

INDUSTRIAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT

ASSOCIATION,

2425 Wilson Boulevard,

Arlington, Virginia 22201

The ISEA was founded in 1927 as a trade association for the manufacturers of personal protective

equipment and those manufacturers of unit-type first aid kits and machinery guarding devices. The association does not promulgate and publish its own standards but over a great many years has worked through

the procedures of the American National Standards

Institute (ANSI) and the National Fire Protective

Association. Membership has been represented on many standards committees directly or indirectly con- cerned with safety and fire protection.

Liaison has been maintained for a long period with

the Federal Government in coordinating Federal specifications, military standards and specifications, and

most recently with the Occupational Safety and Health

Administration and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health.

Activities in the standards field of the ISEA is cen- tered in its Product Group structure. Under the ISEA

umbrella there are 13 separate Product Groups, each

dealing with a specific product classification. They

are: Air and Oxygen; Eye Protection; Gas Masks;

Head Protection; Hearing Protection; Machinery

Guards; Portable Hazard and Measuring Instruments;

Respirators; Safety Belts and Nets; Safety Footwear;

Safety Glass; Safety Wearing Apparel; and Unit First

Aid.

In addition to the above, an active Certification

Committee is the fountainhead of the association's

activities with outside certifying bodies. Present activities are direct liaison with National Institute of

Occupational Safety and Health Testing and Certification Laboratories in Morgantown, West Virginia and

the Bureau of Mines.

The following American National Standards and

Committees, through ANSI, have been of principal

interest to ISEA, and in which the membership have

been among the principal architects: AlO.ll, Safety

Nets; A10.14, Safety Belts and Lanyards; Bll, Series

of Safety and Machine Tools; L18, Protective Occupational Clothing; Z41, Safety Shoes; Z49, Welding

Safety; Z87, Eye and Face Devices; Z88, Series on

87
Respiratory Devices; Z89, Series on Head Protection

Devices; Z90, Road-User Helmets; and Z137, Hearing

Protectors. THE INDUSTRIAL TRUCK ASSOCIATION,

1326 Freeport Road,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238

The Industrial Truck Association was established in

1924. This association, through its Engineering Committee and with the approval of its Board of Directors,

has developed a Manual of Recommended Practices

which are used to advance safety and efficiency in the

design, manufacture, and use of industrial trucks.

The association cooperates with the American

National Standards Institute, Inc. in working with the

various American National Standards committees, as well as with the National Fire Protection Association,

affecting powered industrial trucks.

Formerly: Electric Industrial Truck Association

(1951).

INDUSTRY SERVICE BUREAUS,

331 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

Aircraft Locknut Manufacturers' Association

This national organization, organized in 1952, works

closely with the military and civilian branches of the

Government in the development of aircraft locknut

specifications, standards, and methods of cataloging.

Electric Fuse Manufacturers' Guild

This national organization, founded in 1932, develops and submits to the appropriate Government offices suggestions for the improvement of military and Federal specifications and standards covering electric

fuses. It also cooperates with the National Bureau of

Standards in matters relating to the performance and

specifications of different types of electric fuses. In

addition, the guild cooperates with the Underwriters'

Laboratories concerning labels and materials from

which electric fuses are made. It works on International Electrotechnical Commission standards.

Hand Tools Institute

The institute represents the USA manufacturers of

mechanics' hand service tools and works closely with

the General Services Administration and other Government departments in matters relating to hand service

tools specifications, standards, and cataloging. It is the

leading hand tool association promoting safe use of

hand tools and was founded in 1935. The institute

also publishes a safety standards booklet entitled

Proper Care and Safe Use of Striking and Struck Tools.

Socket Screw Products Bureau

The bureau, founded in 1934, works closely with

the civilian and military branches of the Government

in matters relating to socket screw and set screw

cataloging, specifications, and standards.

Tapping Screw Service Bureau

Through its Standards Committee, this organization

cooperates with the Society of Automotive Engineers

and the American National Standards Institute in the

development of suggested dimensional and size standards for tapping screws. The bureau also cooperates

with the military and civilian branches of the Government in the development of tapping screw specifications and standards. It was organized in 1950.

United States Cap Screw Service Bureau

This bureau (USCSSB) cooperates with the U.S.

Bureau of Customs in matters relating to the proper

nomenclature and classification of industry products

for customs purposes. It also cooperates with other

Government agencies in the improvement of military

and Federal specifications and standards for cap

screws. Suggested improvements in cap screw standards also are developed by USCSSB's Standards Committee, which works in close cooperation with the

American National Standards Institute and the Society

of Automotive Engineers.

United States Machine Screw Service Bureau

The Standards Committee of this organization considers the dimensional standards of the products of

the industry and cooperates with the American

National Standards Institute and the Society of

Automotive Engineers in the development of proposed

additions to, and changes in existing standards in

industry products. It was organized in 1928.

United States Wood Screw Service Bureau

The Standards Committee of this organization

develops proposed standards, dimensions and sizes of

wood screws. It works in close cooperation with the

American National Standards Institute and with Government agencies in matters pertaining to military and

Federal specifications and standards for wood screws.

It was established in 1928.

INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS,

Standards Operations,

345 East 47th Street,

New York, New York 10017

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE) was formed by a merger, in 1963, of the

American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE),

founded in 1884, and the Institute of Radio Engineers,

founded in 1912.

Standards activities within the institute are entrusted to the Standards Board which is responsible

for final approval of IEEE standards and for representing the IEEE in matters relating to units and

standards. The Standards Board is responsible for

authorization and coordination of standards projects

within the institute. The work of preparing IEEE

88
standards is carried out within the Technical Committees of the 31 groups and societies within the

institute. There are presently about 400 IEEE standards covering electrical and electronics equipment, test methods, units, symbols, definitions, and rating methods. In addition, there are about 250 projects underway for the development of new standards. About

10,000 of the institute's 160,000 members are active

in the institute's standards programs.

The institute was a founder of the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI) and it is represented on

the majority of its technical advisory boards. It holds

secretariats or cosecretariats of 17 American National

Standards Committees, and it has 203 representatives on American National Standards Committees. It is the

policy of the institute to submit its current standards

to ANSI for approval as American National Standards.

When IEEE standards fall within the scope of existing

American National Standards Committees, IEEE submits its standards to ANSI via these committees.

The institute is also a member body of the National

Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and participates

in a number of NFPA standards projects that fall within IEEE's technical concern. Close cooperation

with U. S. Government activities has been traditional

since 1901, when the institute urged the U.S. Congress

to establish a national standardizing body in Washington, D.C. National Bureau of Standards (NBS)

representatives participate at all levels of IEEE

standards-making activities, as members of working

groups, technical committees, delegates to American

National Standards Committees, chairmen of American

National Standards Committees under IEEE secretariat, on ANSI Technical Advisory Boards, and as members of the IEEE Standards Board. IEEE works

closely with the Department of Defense (DoD).

Several IEEE standards have been developed jointly

with one or more DoD activities and have been

accepted by the military as replacements for previous

military standards. IEEE shares an American National

Standards Committee secretariat with the U.S. Navy,

and many representatives of the DoD participate

actively in IEEE standards development.

While the major portion of IEEE membership is within the United States, the institute is transnational

in character, and its standards activities are neither

limited to U.S. members, nor are its standards generated for the exclusive use of the United States

engineering community. A substantial number of

Canadian members participate actively throughout the

broad standards program of the institute, and a number of IEEE standards have been approved as Canadian standards by the Canadian Standards Association.

It is the policy of IEEE to encourage its members from

nations other than the United States to offer IEEE

standards for approval as national standards of their

countries. The Standards Board of the institute has

for many years included members from other nations

as well as from the United States. To publicize its standards, the IEEE Standards

Office publishes complete lists of its standards at regular intervals. Newly published standards are listed

in Spectrum, the monthly magazine distributed to all institute members, and standards of special interest

to groups and societies within IEEE are publicized in

their newsletters. Sets of standards on units and

symbols, rotating machinery, nuclear engineering, and

audio and electroacoustics are available in special

binders, and leaflets showing the contents of these sets are available.

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL

SCIENCES,

940 East Northwest Highway,

Mt. Prospect, Illinois 60057

This institute (lES), founded in 1957, is devoted to the development and promotion of standards, specifications, research, simulation techniques, testing techniques, and the development of design criteria for

equipment operation.

lES's Standards Committee considers and investigates all matters relating to units and standards pertaining to, or applicable in, environmental engineering,

coordinates the work of the technical committees with

respect to the making and reviewing of standards, and

represents the institute in its work with other standardization bodies in matters relating to standards and

units. The committee also appoints representatives to serve on standardizing committees sponsored by the

institute, and on delegations for standardizing purposes which work under the sponsorship of other

societies and technical organizations. As a representative of the institute, the Standards Committee gives

final approval to standards in the organization's name,

reports all new and revised standards, and seeks the

guidance and approval of its department upon all policy questions, including that of undertaking the

preparation of standards in new fields. The Institute of Environmental Sciences has members on several American National Standards Committees such as S2 Mechanical Shock and Vibration, and

is sponsor of the Z84 committee which is responsible

for compiling a glossary of environmental terms. In

addition, the institute cooperates with many other

national technical organizations in matters regarding

environmental standards, testing and engineering.

Members have joined in cosponsoring meetings or group efforts with such organizations as the American Society for Testing and Materials, American

Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, American

Society for Quality Control, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, Department of Defense Shock

and Vibration Information Center, and the Army

Materiel Command. Globally, the institute sponsors a representative to the International Electrotechnical

Commission concerned with international standardization of environmental test methods.

The Institute of Environmental Sciences absorbed

the American Association for Contamination Control

(AACC) on October 19, 1973. The former AACC

members will make up two new divisions of lES: viz. the Industrial Contamination Control Division and the

Biosciences Division.

89
AACC's standardization program comprises approximately 25 percent of its total activities. The six

technical committees that are involved in the program

are Codes and Standards; Bio-Sciences; Design, Construction and Operation of Clean Rooms; Nuclear

Energy; Particle Monitoring; and Garments and Laundry. On an international level, AACC is a member of

the International Committee of Contamination Control

Societies. The Government agencies with which it collaborates on standards activities are the Atomic

Energy Commission, Army Chemical Corps, National

Aeronautics and Space Administration and the United

States Air Force. The AACC has four current standards: High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters, Laminer

Flow Clean Air Devices, Testing and Certification of

Clean Rooms, and High Efficiency Gas Phase Absorber

Cells, that are considered national in scope. Currently

the Bio-Science Committee is developing a biological

contamination standard.

The standardization activities of the former AACC

will continue as activities of lES.

lES formed by merger of: Institute of Environmental Engineers (founded 1955) and Society of

Environmental Engineers; absorbed the American

Association for Contamination Control (October 19,

1973).

INSTITUTE OF HIGH FIDELITY,

516 Fifth Avenue,

New York, New York 10036

This institute, established in 1954, is an industry

organization whose Standards Group formulates

methods of measurement applicable to home elec- tronic entertainment devices such as amplifiers, FM

and AM tuners, etc. The intent of the standards has

been to set methods of measurement to include all the allowances that should be made for the peculiarities of different units. Implicit in this approach is freedom from a restrictive philosophy and preservation of a forward looking attitude of a progressive

industry.

The IHF Standard Methods of Measurement for

Audio Amplifiers was published first in 1958 as Number IHFM A-200 and revised to IHF A-201 in

1966. It covers measurement methods of amplifiers,

both small signal and power, for transient and steady

state, and the method of publishing these results. Block diagrams and tutorial material are included to make the methods explicit and complete. The standard pertains to single and multichannel amplifiers. It was updated late 1973.

The IHFM Standard Methods of Measurement for

Tuners was published in 1958. It covers AM and FM

tuner measurements beginning with definition of

terms, operating conditions, requirements and characteristics of testing apparatus, and test procedures.

The committee is currently working on updating and

broadening this standard to cover multiplex measurements.

Upon completion of the tuner standard, the committee plans to develop methods of measurements for

tape equipment, loudspeakers, phonograph pickups,

record players, and headphones.

Formerly: Institute of High Fidelity Manufacturers.

INSTITUTE OF PRINTED CIRCUITS,

1717 Howard Street,

Evanston, Illinois 60202

Members of this international trade association

include producers and users of printed circuit boards.

Membership also includes key suppliers of raw materials and production equipment. There is also a provision for technical liaison membership for qualified

experts from Government agencies.

One of the major functions of the IPC is to develop

comprehensive specifications and standards. To date

the IPC has produced approximately 21 separate

standards, and are currently working on approximately 30 new standards.

In summary, the IPC has published recommended

dimensional tolerances for corrmiercial and military

applications. In addition, a standard for acceptability

of printed circuit boards has been published, as well

as a standard for repairability. Detailed standards for

flexible flat cables, flexible circuitry, and for multilayer printed wiring boards have been developed by

the IPC.

In addition to developing IPC standards for domestic use, the IPC is active in the International Electrotechnical Commission which formulates international standards for electronic components.

INSTITUTE OF SCRAP IRON AND STEEL,

1729 H Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel (ISIS) was

founded in 1928. For many years, the institute has

endeavored to establish with the cooperation of Government and interested parties, specifications for the

iron and steel scrap grades prepared by its member

companies and others in the industry to meet the

needs of consumers. These specifications had their

origin in trade practices and consumer requirements

dating back to the nation's first use of scrap in the

steel and foundry industries.

Formal codification of these specifications came in

1926 under the direction of U. S. Department of

Commerce Simplified Practice Recommendation

R58-26. Revisions occurred in 1928, 1936, 1953, 1959,

and 1961. The Simplified Practice Recommendation

was withdrawn on May 15, 1973. It was superseded

by the current Specifications for Iron and Steel Scrap

which were promulgated by ISIS's Marketing and

Specifications Committee in October 1971. In 1973,

these specifications were reprinted and include an ISIS

code number for each grade of iron and steel scrap. The specifications cover basic open hearth, blast

furnace, electric furnace and foundry, cast iron and

special grades of iron and steel scrap, and give recognized classifications for each grade. Offgrade material

and scrap containing residual material are defined and

90
the degree of cleanliness described. Provisions are made for deviations from the designated classifications.

EVSTITUTE OF TRAFFIC ENGEVEERS,

Suite 905,

1815 North Fort Myer Drive,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The Institute of Traffic Engineers (ITE) was

founded in 1930.

The institute's principal contribution to the development of standards is through cooperative efforts with

other groups such as the National Advisory Committee

on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Council on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Canada, National

Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances

and the American National Standards Institute.

In addition to cooperative endeavors toward standards in the field of highway transportation and traffic safety, the institute has developed and published a number of standards and specifications which have

been approved as American National Standards of the

American National Standards Institute. These cover such subjects as: Adjustable Face Pedestrian Signal

Heads; Adjustable Face Vehicular Traffic Control

Signal Heads; A Model Performance Specification for

the Purchase of Reflective Pavement Marking Paint;

A Standard for Flashing and Steady-Burn Barricade

Warning Lights; Pre-timed, Fixed-cycle Traffic Signal

Controllers; and Traffic Signal Lamps. ITE also publishes recommended practices and technical reports

for the safety and efficient movement of goods and

people.

Approved standards appear in the institute's journal, Traffic Engineering and in the Traffic Engineering

Handbook.

INSTRUMENT SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

400 Stanwix Street,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222

This society is a nonprofit, technical, scientific, and

educational organization of individuals interested in

the theory, design, manufacture, and use of instruments. Areas of technical activity include measurement, data acquisition, processing, display, telemetry,

and automatic control in both industrial and laboratory applications. Publications of information reports,

recommended practices, and standards have been an

integral part of society operations since the organization was formed in 1946. Technical progress in instrumentation is also presented at conferences and symposia and through ISA periodicals, proceedings, and

miscellaneous publications.

ISA maintains Standards and Practices Committees

in the broad areas of measurement devices, control

devices, symbology, computer hardware and software,

and safety. Examples of the work of these committees in each area include documents on: thermocouples, flowmeters, transducers, rotameters; face-to-face

dimensions, manifold designs, pneumatic circuits,

annunciators, dynamic response testing; instrumention flow sheets and specification forms, panel

tubing; mercury handling, instrumentment purging,

intrinsically safe circuits, computer hardware testing,

computer programs, control valve sizing, and control

valve capacity test procedures. Through 1972, ISA

has published 40 standards and recommended practices. The society is a member of the American

National Standards Institute and contributes to ANSI

Technical Advisory Boards and Committees for meas- urement and automatic control, medical devices,

orifice flanges, pressure gages, instrument calibration,

metrology, electrical measuring and reference instruments, automatic control terminology, nuclear instruments, and computer components.

Internationally, ISA serves on the U.S. National

Committee for the International Electrotechnical

Commission (lEC) and the U.S. Technical Advisory

Group for lEC TC 65. Through its Fund for Inter- national Standards Travel, ISA also supports attend- ance of LI.S. representatives to standards meetings

abroad.

Formerly: American Society of Instrument Engineers (1939); American Society for Measurement

Control (1944).

INSULATED POWER CABLE ENGINEERS'

ASSOCIATION,

192 Washington Street,

Belmont, Massachusetts

IPCEA is noncommercial in its structure. It derives

standards and technical information and makes them

available to those interested in electrical cables. It publishes standards jointly with National Electrical

Manufacturers' Association and collaborates with other

organizations in the same field such as the Association

of Edison Illuminating Companies, American Society

for Testing and Materials, Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, National Electrical Code, Underwriters' Laboratories, and the Rural Electrification

Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture, etc., when they request assistance in developing their own

specifications and technical data.

The membership of the association consists of engi- neers from the technical staffs of the leading American and Canadian manufacturers of wire and cable

used for the transmission and distribution of electrical

energy. Membership is individual, not by company;

and is limited to engineers who are on the technical

staff, not marketing sections, of concerns engaged in

the manufacture of electrical cable and are qualified

by technical training.

The activities of this association are concerned with

matters relating to bare, covered, and insulated

conductors including preparation of engineering

recommendations and standards, and consultation and

collaboration with other technical organizations and

agencies in the preparation and publication of engineering standards and technical papers for bare and

insulated wire and cable. Copies of lists of these

publications may be obtained from the secretary.

91
INTER-SOCIETY COLOR COUNCIL,

c/o Department of Chemistry,

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,

Troy, New York 12181

The Inter-Society Color Council (ISCC) was

founded in 1933 to stimulate and coordinate work

leading to the standardization, description, and specification of color, and to promote the practical

application of the results of such work to color problems arising in science, art, and industry. Its current

membership consists of 29 delegates from national

societies and individual members, all with a common

interest in color.

The ISCC is not a standardizing body, but many of

the results of its work are incorporated by its member

bodies into standards which they issue or sponsor.

This work is carried out by subcommittees of the

ISCC Problems Committee, to which problems are submitted by the member bodies.

Examples of standardization activities in which the

ISCC has participated include the ISCC-NBS Method

of Designating Colors and a Dictionary of Color

Names (National Bureau of Standards Circular 553,

1955) ; designations of filters for theatrical lighting; a Comparative List of Color Terms (1949, under revision 1973) ; Color Aptitude Test (available through the

Federation of Societies for Paint Technology) ; and

recommendations for illuminating and viewing conditions in the colorimetry of reflecting materials

(1964) ; standard methods for mounting textile samples for colorimetric measurement (1968) ; standard

practice for visual examination of small color differ- ences (1972) ; determination of the strength of

colorants (1972); and the determination of sets of

maximally different nonfluorescent colors (1965).

Current activities of Problems Subcommittees are summarized in the Annual Report Issue (usually

May/June each year) of the ISCC Newsletter.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

ELECTRICAL INSPECTORS,

802 Busse Highway,

Park Ridge, Illinois 60068

The International Association of Electrical Inspectors (lAEl) was founded in 1928.

The scope of this organization is to cooperate in the

formulation of standards for the safe installation and

use of electrical materials, devices and appliances.

lAEl also promotes the uniform understanding and

application of the National Electrical Code, and other

electrical codes and standards.

lAEI promotes cooperation between inspectors, the

electrical industry, and the public. The association

also collects and disseminate information relative to the safe use of electricity. About 75 percent of its meeting and publication program are devoted to the

work of standardization. The Board of Directors

reviews and administers the standardization activities. Liaison in electrical code work exists with its

members in Canada and Japan, where there is special

interest in electrical codes.

lAEl maintains liaison with the Federal Government in many standardization activities, particularly

for the use and application of the National Electrical

Code. Its standardization interests are mainly with the

activities of the Department of Housing and Urban

Development, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, as well as with the Occupational Safety and

Health Administration (OSHA), of the Department of

Labor.

lAEl maintains an educational and certification

program for certain of our members who qualify for

certification. The association is concerned and

involved in establishing qualified certification programs in various states for recognition of our electrical

inspector members on state levels in the form of

licenses for electrical inspectors often called certification.

The association does not issue any standards.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK,

FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL

SANITARIANS,

P.O. Box 701,

Ames, Iowa 50010

In the 1920's two trade associations and one professional association formulated uniform standards for

fittings used on milk pipe lines. The trade groups are now known as Milk Industry Foundation, and Dairy

and Food Industries Supply Association; the professional group is now known as International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians. The

standards for fittings and equipment evolved in those

early days became popularly known as "3-A" standards. Since 1944, every major dairy processing group,

suppliers and equippers, and the U. S. Public Health

Service have taken part in the development of these

standards but the results are still referred to as 3-A

Sanitary Standards.

Standards are formulated by the 3-A Sanitary

Standards Committees which meet together once or

twice a year. They are: (1) The Committee on Sanitary Procedures of International Association of Milk,

Food and Environmental Sanitarians; (2) the Sanitary Standards Subcommittee of the Dairy Industry

Committee, representing the following associations of

processors: American Butter Institute, American Dry

Milk Institute, Evaporated Milk Association, International Association of Ice Cream Manufacturers, Milk

Industry Foundation, and National Cheese Institute;

and also representing the association of equippers and

suppliers: Dairy and Food Industries Supply Association; (3) representatives of the Milk Sanitation

Branch, U. S. Public Health Service, Department of

Health, Education and Welfare. Invited to a regular

meeting of all the committees, moreover, are representatives of all manufacturers of record (regardless of

association affiliation), of equipment of the type or types under consideration.

92
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

PLUMBING AND MECHANICAL OFFICIALS,

5032 Alhambra Avenue,

Los Angeles, California 90032

lAPMO was established in 1926 by and for inspection officials for cities, counties and states with the

goal of bringing about uniformity in plumbing codes

and interpretation of the various sections of the codes.

lAPMO promulgates and sponsors the Uniform

Plumbing Code that is used in over 2,500 jurisdictions

in the United States and is the mandatory code for 10

states. The Uniform Plumbing Code protects more

people in the United States than any other plumbing

code. lAPMO also cosponsors the Uniform Mechanical

Code with the International Conference of Building

Officials. lAPMO presently writes installation standards for conventional plumbing products and maintains existing lAPMO product standards. As a policy

the association shall not write any new material

standards for conventional plumbing. Another division

of the association promulgates both installation and

material standards for plumbing in the mobile home

and recreational vehicle industry. The association first accepted this responsibility over 20 years ago. These

standardization activities are administered by the

lAPMO Standards Committee and lAPMO Trailer

Standards Committee. The Government agencies with

which lAPMO is involved are the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Department of

Labor, and the National Bureau of Standards. Currently there are 55 standards issued by the organization, with 25 percent of the total lAPMO program

being devoted to standardization.

Certification activities—lAPMO produces a monthly

updated conventional plumbing product listing directory for jurisdictions to use as a guide for approval.

The directory certifies that products have been tested

to comply or exceed the requirements of applicable

standards and the Uniform Plumbing Code. Over

10,000 products are listed. Certification must be

updated and renewed each year and manufacturers

are subject to reinspection during the year of listing.

As in standards, the mobile home and recreational division monthly updates a listing directory for enforcement officials in this vital area of the plumbing

industry.

Formerly: Los Angeles Area Plumbing Inspector

Association (1926) ; Plumbing Inspectors' Association

of Southern California (1929) ; Plumbing Inspectors'

Association of California (1930) ; Pacific Coast Plumbing Inspectors' Association (1934) ; Western Plumbing

Officials Association (1945) ; International Association

of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (1967).

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

WALL AND CEILING CONTRACTORS,

1775 Church Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The association no longer publishes standard specifications but, because it is a member of and participates

in committees of the American Society for Testing

and Materials and the American National Standards

Institute, the association endorses specifications published by those two organizations.

The association has joint committees with four

international unions: United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America; International Brotherhood

of Painters and Allied Trades ; Operative Plasterers and

Cement Masons International Association; and the

Wood, Wire and Metal Lathers International Union

to establish standards for apprenticeship for drywall,

drywall taping, plastering, and lathing. It also has

established a Manufacturers' Liaison Committee to improve communications between the association and

manufacturers and associations of the industry.

The association has an active Technical Committee

which participates in joint meetings with technical

committees of the Gypsum Association, Metal Lath

Association, Perlite Institute, Portland Cement Association, and others. This Technical Committee is divided into 9 subsections, each working with its respective field within the wall and ceiling industry.

Formerly: Contracting Plasters' International Association (1956); Contracting Plasters and Lathers'

International Association (1970).

INTERNATIONAL CITY MANAGEMENT

ASSOCIATION,

1140 Connecticut Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The International City Management Association

(ICMA), founded in 1914, has long had an interest in

standardization as part of its work in increasing the

proficiency of municipal administrators and strengthening the quality of urban government through professional management. Early efforts involved

measurement units for certain public works activities

together with correlative manuals and other

publications.

The most recent effort, began in December 1972, is a productivity measurement/enhancement program

undertaken jointly by ICMA and the Urban Institute

for the National Commission on Productivity, the

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, the National Science Foundation, and the City

of St. Petersburg, Florida, and Nashville/Davidson

County, Tennessee. A major part of this project is to review existing municipal codes and establish standards

of performance which can serve as the basis for

national transferable norms through which cross- national performance measures may be obtained for

municipal services. Services currently under study

include police, fire, solid waste and waste water management, parks and recreation, local transportation

systems, and library systems.

Formerly: International City Managers' Association (1969).

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF

BUILDING OFFICIALS,

5360 South Workman Mill Road,

Whittier, California 90601

The International Conference of Building Officials

publishes the Uniform Building Code, Uniform

Mechanical Code and a Uniform Fire Code covering

minimum requirements for safe construction in buildings or structures. The objective is to furnish a complete set of codes for state, city and county

administrative authorities and to insure a maximum

amount of safety to life from fire, structural and exit

hazards.

The codes are developed and maintained through

national public hearings attended by state, city and

county officials, as well as representatives from the

entire construction industry. The codes are changed

each year and new editions are published on a threeyear cycle. The jurisdictions which adopt these documents constitute a total population of over 50 million,

extending from Michigan in the east to the Pacific

Ocean, including the states of Alaska and Hawaii.

The organization is also involved in the development of standards for acceptance of new products

through research activities. Hearings are held each

month to review data submitted in support of new

materials or products which are not now covered in

the modern model building codes. Recommendations

are issued to the member jurisdictions in order that

manufacturers may obtain uniform recognition of

their new products.

In addition to the codes, the International Confer- ence of Building Officials is involved in the development of standards for educational programs and

publish the following documents which are used in

universities and short courses available across the

country: Building Department Administration; A

Training Manual in Field Inspection of Buildings and

Structures; Plan Review Manual; and Dwelling Construction Under the Uniform Building Code.

INTERNATIONAL DISTRICT HEATING

ASSOCIATION,

5940 Baum Square,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206

The International District Heating Association

(IDHA) was founded in 1909 for the purpose of

advancing the science, standards and knowledge of

district heating; and for the exchange of information

relating to the management and operation of district

heating systems. Its scope now includes district

cooling.

Standing and technical committees investigate and

report on industry statistics, problems, new developments, etc. for the membership. Publications include

a quarterly technical magazine. District Heating, a Handbook, Rate Reference Book, and Proceedings of

papers and reports presented at annual meetings.

It does not publish standards of its own, but uses

those of the American National Standards Institute;

and is represented on pertinent committees of that

body: B31.1, Power Piping and B87.1, Decimalized

Inch.

Formerly: National District Heating Association.

INTERNATIONAL MOBILE AIR

CONDITIONING ASSOCIATION, INC.,

6116 North Central Expressway,

Dallas, Texas 75206

Founded 1958, IMACA serves system manufacturers, parts and service suppliers, distributors and deal- ers in mobile air conditioning applications including:

auto, heavy truck, recreational vehicle, farm and off- highway vehicle, boat, aircraft, bus and railroad. Its program includes sales promotion, public relations,

engineering standards, product certification, annual

trade show, monthly magazine, annual directory, technical papers and legislative activities. The Engineering

Committee administers the standards program now

consisting of 17 standards in print under the IMACA

name. Sixteen of these are for automotive and one for

recreational vehicle application. IMACA standards

have been sumbitted to the American National Standards Institute for approval as American National

Standards. Certification for automotive application is available in four modes: CFM, Btu, component parts, or a combination of all. There are three new standards

underway for heavy truck A/C parts, and one new

standard underway for rebuilt automotive A/C parts.

IMACA Standard 200 is in use by General Services

Administration. All standards are national in scope.

The use of standards is promoted through national

trade, press, publicity and the IMACA monthly

magazine.

Formerly: Automotive Air Conditioning Association

(1970).

INTERNATIONAL MUNICIPAL SIGNAL

ASSOCIATION,

4034 Woodhaven,

P.O. Box 20549,

Houston, Texas 77025

The International Municipal Signal Association

(IMSA), organized in 1896, is a nonprofit, technical

and educational association. Its active membership

consists of approximately 3000 persons in the United

States, Canada and the free countries of the world

who are directly engaged in the engineering, construction, maintenance and operation of electrical, elec- tronic and graphic communication systems used in the

public safety services such as fire and police alarm,

traffic controls, radio communication, street lighting,

signs and markings, and related systems.

Its major objectives are: (1) to unite those interested in those fields for the purpose of improving the

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efficiency of public safety services; (2) to collect and

disseminate educational material and to develop and

conduct educational and training programs for the

benefit of association members and the industry; (3)

to cooperate in the formulation of standards for materials and the safe installation, operation and mainte- nance of such systems; (4) to promote closer

cooperation between all members of the industry and

encourage free and open consideration of all engineering concepts and opinions; and (5) to cooperate fully

with other organizations with similar objectives.

The standing committees of IMSA are responsible

for the development of standards and manuals, in

their specific areas, for use by the members and industry. The IMSA Wire and Cable Specifications, containing some 29 standards for various types of signal

and communications wire and cable, has been

accepted nationally for many years and is recognized

by the Department of Transportation, Bureau of Public Roads. In cooperation with manufacturers of wire

and cable, these specifications are periodically revised

and updated by the Association's Cable Committee.

IMSA members represent the association on sec- tional committees of the National Fire Protection

Association and assisted in the development of

NFPA's Pamphlet 73, Municipal Fire Alarm Systems,

which is accepted and recognized as the national

standard. The Federal Communications Commission

recognizes IMSA's Radio Committee as the representative frequency coordinating body for the Fire Radio

Service and, accepts and considers the committee's

petitions, comments, and testimony in their rule- making decisions. The association publishes two comprehensive reference and training manuals, The IMSA

Traffic Control Manual and The IMSA Fire Alarm

Manual, which describe in detail the accepted practices and procedures for the proper installation, maintenance and operation of traffic control and fire alarm

systems. These standards and manuals are promoted

in the association's bimonthly publication, the IMSA

Signal Magazine.

INTERNATIONAL NONWOVENS AND

DISPOSABLES ASSOCIATION,

10 East 40 Street,

New York, New York 10016

INDA is an international, nonprofit trade association founded in June, 1968 to represent the nonwoven

fabrics and disposable soft goods industries. The

association does not develop standards, but does work

with other national technical organizations in this area. In June, 1971, INDA published its first set of

recommended tests (DART) applicable to nonwoven

fabrics and disposable soft goods. The first ten DART

cover the properties of absorption, abrasion resistance,

bursting strength, optical properties, permeability,

repellency, tear, tensile/elongation, thickness and

weight. Since then, recommended tests for flammability have been added. The DART, for the most part,

designate and recommend the use of proven methods

published by established standards organizations such

as the American Society for Testing and Materials,

the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper

Industry, the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, the American National Standards

Institute and others. Where necessary, certain modifications and adaptations of the published methods

were made to make them specifically applicable to the

products of this industry. The work in this area is the

responsibility of INDA's Test Methods Subcommittee.

Work is currently underway to find objective means

for measuring softness, hand and drape. The association is currently involved in a research project to determine the degree of electrostatic hazards in hospital operating rooms when flammable anesthetics are

in use. The study is being conducted by an independent research firm under the joint sponsorship of INDA,

Sterile Disposable Devices Committee of the Health

Industries Association and the Medical-Surgical Manufacturers Association. INDA publicizes the availability of its recommended tests in its various publications

including its international Directory for the Nonwoven Fabrics and Disposable Soft Goods Industries.

Formerly: The Disposables Association (1972).

THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR

TERRAIN-VEHICLE SYSTEMS,

711 Hudson Street,

Hoboken, New Jersey 07030

The society, a private, nonprofit organization composed of about 300 members from 28 countries, was

founded in Turin, Italy, in January 1962. Its purpose is to provide an international forum to effect the achievement and advancement of knowledge of the mechanics of terrain-vehicle systems and soil working

machinery in all environments. Technical papers,

reviews, comments, and discussions in the field of

terramechanics are presented at periodic regional meetings and at an international conference held once

every three to four years. The information is published

quarterly by the society in the Journal of Terramechanics. In April 1965 the society formed the Standardization Committee whose purpose was to formulate a glossary of terrain-vehicle terms that would be used as standards for the society. The committee has grouped

terms into eight categories. Standards for three cate- gories have been published in the journal as follows:

Terrain Geometry, Vehicle Physical Characteristics,

and Vehicle Performance Characteristics. Standards

for two categories have been finalized and will be

published in forthcoming issues of the journal as follows: Soil Test Devices Associated with SoilVehicle Tests and Terrain Characteristics Associated

with Soils. The committee is presently working on

standards for the remaining three categories as fol- lows: Standards for Terrain Characteristics Associated

with Vegetation, Standard Symbols, and Standard Test

Procedures.

95
INVESTMENT CASTING INSTITUTE,

1717 Howard Street,

Evanston, Illinois 60202

The Investment Casting Institute was founded in

1953, for the purpose of providing an organization

through which programs could be initiated to acceler- ate the growth of technology, as well as the market,

for investment castings.

Approximately 25 percent of ICI's total program is devoted to standardization work which is administered

by the ICI Engineering Committee.

The Investment Casting Institute has been actively

involved with the British Investment Casters Technical Association, as well as the Aerospace Material

Specifications Division of the Society of Automotive

Engineers, and the American Society for Testing and

Materials.

The ICI has published the Investment Casting

Handbook, which is their only current publication.

JEWELERS VIGILANCE COMMITTEE,

156 East 52nd Street,

New York, New York 10022

Jewelers Vigilance Committee is a national organization supported by the jewelry industry at large,

specializing in marking, labeling, and other descriptive terminology and related trade practice problems.

It has engaged in standardization activities as a major

part of its work since its creation in 1913. Particular

emphasis has been in the areas of the precious metals,

especially in regard to their consumer uses; precious

and nonprecious stones used in jewelry; and watches.

It was instrumental in the drafting and publication of

Commercial Standards for Marking Jewelry and Novelties of Silver (1944); Marking of Articles made

Wholly or in Part of Platinum (1938); Marking

Articles made of Karat Gold (1938) ; Marking Articles

made of Silver in Conjunction with Gold (1935) ; and

Marking of Gold Filled and Rolled Gold Plate Articles Other Than Watch Cases ( 1934)

The standardization work of the Jewelers Vigilance

Committee also contributed significantly to the Federal Trade Commission's success in developing trade

practice rules for the jewelry industry (1957), for the

metallic watch band industry (1962), and guides for

the watch industry (1968)

Currently a standardization study involves possible

revision of the National Gold and Silver Stamping

Act (15 U. S. C. 294, et. seq.) dealing with marking

requirements of gold and silver as well as revision of

the above commercial standards where necessary.

Absorbed: American Jewelers Protective Association (1943).

JOINT INDUSTRIAL COUNCIL,

7901 Westpark Drive,

McLean, Virginia 22101

The Joint Industrial Council (JIC) was organized

in 1962 through the cooperative efforts of the National

Machine Tool Builders' Association and the large users of machine tools and the suppliers of accessory

equipment to the industry. The prime purpose of the

organization is to provide direction, coordination and

continuity of effort in the development and advancement of standards which will encourage the safe and

reliable application of controls to machines and equipment used in industrial applications.

The entire efforts of the organization are devoted to writing standards and the National Machine Tool

Builders' Association serves as secretariat for the organization, handling all administration.

Committees are formed to write or to rewrite standards for the application of electrical, electronic,

hydraulic and pneumatic devices to machine tools. Currently, there are four standards in existence, one

for each of the above types of equipment.

The standards, which are entirely voluntary in

nature, are used to a great extent by the builders and

users of the industrial equipment covered. In some

areas they are supplementary to existing codes and in

other areas they are the only standards which pertain

to the particular equipment.

The standards are promoted through notices in the

pertinent trade journals and through the continued

use on the part of the user industries.

The current JIC supersedes the former Joint Industry Conference which had been formed by the auto- motive companies in Detroit in 1947.

JUVENILE PRODUCTS MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

59 East Main Street,

Moorestown, New Jersey 08057

The Juvenile Products Manufacturers' Association

( JPMA) is a national trade association of corporations,

firms, or individuals engaged in the manufacture of

juvenile products. Most of the regular members manufacture products which can be broadly defined as juvenile furniture, as opposed to being toy manufacturers. The JPMA was founded and incorporated as a nonprofit association in the state of New York in

1962. It serves as spokesman for the industry representing it in national, regional and community affairs. The industry's activities for the development of

juvenile product safety performance standards

includes twelve individual subcommittees actively

working on new standards or improvements to existing

standards. Each subcommittee deals with a particular

major product category and is composed of manufacturers of that product. In the present program are subcommittees for: Car Seats, High Chairs, Dressing

Tables, Full Size Cribs, Crib Mattresses, Armheld

Carriers, Portable Cribs, Swings, Walkers, Rigid

Frame Back Carriers, Carriages and Strollers, and

Play Yards.

96
LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSOCIATION ON

PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS,

EDUCATION AND ETHICAL PRACTICE,

8001 Natural Bridge Road,

St. Louis, Missouri 63121

The Law Enforcement Association on Professional

Standards, Education and Ethical Practice, established in 1971, is a professional, nongovernmental,

educational organization of college graduates in police

service, education, research, and allied specialties.

Known as LEAPS, it has members in 25 states and

concerns itself with police professional matters,

including the upgrading of police service, setting minimum standards for practice and developing a standard

code of ethical practice. LEAPS has adopted a policy

of support for use of the metric system. A Committee

on Standards serves in the area of professional practice.

LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION,

292 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

This organization has available recommended specifications for lead roofing and flashing, sheet lead

membranes for decorative pools and planters, leadasbestos anti-vibration pads, lead plumbing and other

lead applications. In addition to its own work on

standardization and simplification, this association

has representatives who serve on committees of the

American National Standards Institute and the

American Society for Testing and Materials. It also

cooperates with various agencies of the Federal Government in the development of specifications covering

lead products.

LIBRARY BINDING INSTITUTE,

160 State Street,

Boston, Massachusetts 02109

The Library Binding Institute (LBI) founded in

1935, is a trade association of library book binders.

Approximately 30 percent of the program is devoted

to standardization activities which are administered

by the Technology Committee. The Standard for

Library Binding, 1971 is national in scope and has

become the basis for the vast amount of library

rebinding of worn volumes, of periodicals, and the

prebinding of new volumes in bindings which will

withstand the rigors of normal library usage.

LBI certifies library book binders capable of producing quality work that meets the institute's standards and passes its In Plant Quality Control Program.

LINEN SUPPLY ASSOCIATION OF

AMERICA,

P.O. Box 2427,

975 Arthur Godfrey Road,

Miami Beach, Florida 33140

The linen supply industry is classified as Standard

Industrial Classification (SIC) 7213 (1972 edition).

Linen supply companies are in the business of renting

clean laundered items to millions of customers in

commerce, industry and the professions.

The Linen Supply Association of America (LSAA),

founded in 1913, is the industry's trade association.

Member firms represent over 90 percent of the linen

supply industry in the United States by sales volume.

Standards activities of LSAA include: accounting

standards—setting up uniform accounting data for

comparison and control; marketing information including standardized lists of customers by SIC code cate- gory; definitions and standards for textile rental items

rented by member firms; textile standardization programs working in cooperation with manufacturing

mills and member companies; sanitation standardization programs in conjunction with member companies

and the National Sanitation Foundation; standards

for washing and dry cleaning cleanliness through washing and dry cleaning test bundle reports measuring

washing and dry cleaning efficiency.

MTM ASSOCIATION FOR STANDARDS

AND RESEARCH,

9-10 Saddle River Road,

Fair Lawn, New Jersey 07410

The MTM Association for Standards and Research,

established in 1951 is a 501 (c) 3, nonprofit, non- government association. Its primary efforts are in the

field of research and training in a technique called

methods-time-measurement (MTM). It is basically

devoted to the art and science of MTM in the area of

"man at work." The purposes of the association are

set forth in the Articles of Incorporation and are: (1)

to conduct, stimulate, and coordinate basic and

applied research, of both members and nonmembers,

in the field of methods-time-measurement (MTM) ; (2) to compile, and make available to the public,

information pertaining to the development and application of MTM; (3) to establish standards and by all other possible means to sustain the high quality of

work done by all organizations and individuals in the use of MTM including all phases of MTM training

and application techniques; (4) to increase acceptance

for the proper use of MTM; and (5) to sponsor, assist,

and support the formation and activities of MTM

associations in other countries in cooperation with the

International MTM Directorate, Inc. which is the

official international body for the cooperation and

coordination in the field of MTM.

The MTM Association for Standards and Research

is composed of a wide variety of memberships including academicians, individual members, and corporate

memberships that include various branches of the

Government, insurance companies, manufacturing

facilities, banks, educational institutions, consultant

companies, the Association for the Blind, etc. The activities of the MTM Association for Standards and Research are conducted primarily through

the association staff and its volunteer committees.

The present committees as approved by the Board of

97
Directors are as follows: Training and Qualifications

Committee; Membership Committee; Conference

Committee; Public Relations Committee; Administration and Policy Planning Committee; Research

Committee; Member Services Committee; and

Finance Committee.

The association's standards activities are for a methodology for deriving a time to perform a given

manual task. Projects in progress include standardization data for clerical operations, work under the

microscope, and work in maintenance areas.

MAGAZINE PUBLISHERS' ASSOCIATION

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF

ADVERTISING AGENCIES

MAGNETIC MATERIALS PRODUCERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1717 Howard Street,

Evanston, Illinois 60202

The Magnetic Materials Producers' Association

(MMPA) is a national trade association, which was

formed in 1959.

Manufacturers in this association compound and

process basic magnetic materials. Their primary objective is to promote the progress and development of the

magnetic materials industry, through standardization

programs, and other activities as may be necessary.

The Standards and Engineering Committee of

MMPA administers all standardization programs,

which totals approximately 50 percent of all the programs of MMPA. This association has published two

standards: Permanent Magnet Guidelines; MMPA

Standard No. 0100-72—Standard Specifications for

Permanent Magnet Materials. This standard has been

accepted by the military departments of the Government, in lieu of Federal Specification QQ-M-60.

The Standard and Engineering Committee is also

conducting work on standard methods for magnetic

testing, magnetization, stabilization, and measurement

guidelines.

Formerly: Permanent Magnet Producers' Association.

MALLEABLE FOUNDERS' SOCIETY,

20611 Center Ridge Road,

Rocky River, Ohio 44116

This society (MFS), is concerned mainly with technical research and advisory services, assisting its members to maintain standard grades of products, and developing new applications and uses for malleable cast- ings. MFS in the past cooperated with the National

Bureau of Standards in the establishment of Simplified

Practice Recommendation R79 for malleable foundry

refractories (withdrawn 2/15/71). In carrying on this

work, it has sponsored the adoption of the present

standard specifications for malleable castings of the

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM),

as well as those of other technical organizations.

The society is represented on the ASTM Committee on Malleable Iron Castings. MFS assists in the

development of Federal and military specifications in

its field.

MANUFACTURERS' STANDARDIZATION

SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND

FITTINGS INDUSTRY,

1815 North Ft. Myer Drive,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

This society, with its predecessor, the Committee of

Manufacturers on Standardization of Pipe Fittings

and Valves, has been in continuous existence for over 50 years.

The method of carrying on standardization work by

the society is by means of committees selected from

the engineering departments of representative manufacturers that are directly engaged in the manufacture

of valves and fittings.

At present, the society has about 25 committees

working on subjects covering threaded and flanged

fittings and valves (ferrous and nonferrous), marking

and terminology, material, cast and malleable iron

fittings, unions and union fittings, water works, welding fittings, butterfly valves, pipe hangers, quality

standards, nuclear, valve actuators, etc. The society has now in force approximately 25

standard practices which it has developed and

adopted. These are for finishes for contact faces of

connecting-end flanges of ferrous valves and fittings;

spot-facing standard; standard marking system for

valves, fittings, flanges, and unions; 125-lb. bronze gate

valves; specification for stainless-steel castings for

valves, flanges, and pipe fittings; 150-lb. corrosionresistant cast flanges, flanged valves, and flanged fit- tings; stainless-steel butt-welding fittings; steel pipeline

flanges; quality standards for steel castings for valves,

flanges, and fittings; pipe hangers and supports, con- necting flange joint between tapping sleeves and tapping valves; hydrostatic testing of steel valves; high test wrought welding fittings; high pressure flanges and

threaded stubs for use with lens gaskets; pressure

temperature ratings for steel butt-welding end valves;

butterfly valves; ball valves; cast iron gate, swing

check and plug valves; silver brazing joints; and malleable iron thread and pipe unions.

In addition, the society serves as joint sponsor with

the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and

the Mechanical Contractors' Association of America

for the Standards Committee on Pipe Flanges and

Fittings, which resulted in the approval of 32 standards

by the American National Standards Institute. It is also officially represented on 11 additional American

National Standards Committees working on the fol- lowing projects: scheme for the identification of piping systems; specifications for cast iron pipe and

98
fittings; National Plumbing Code: dimensional standardization of plumbing equipment; standardization

and unification of screw threads: pipe thread; code for

pressure piping; standardization of dimensions and

materials of wrought iron and wrought steel pipe and

tubing; classification and designation of surface

qualities.

The society maintains unofficial representation on

committees of the American Society of Mechanical

Engineers, American Welding Society. National

Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors,

National Fire Protection Association, American Petroleum Institute and the American Water Works

Association.

Through its various committees, the society cooperates with a number of Federal agencies in formulating

and revising numerous Government specifications on

valves and fittings for both military and civilian use.

MANUFACTURING CHEMISTS'

ASSOCIATION,

1825 Connecticut Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20009

This association, founded in 1872, is one of the

oldest and most diversified chemical trade organizations in the Western Hemisphere. It represents U.S.

and Canadian manufacturers of basic chemicals who

sell to others a substantial portion of the chemicals

which they produce.

Early activities included the establishment of rec- ommended strengths of acids with tables of physical

properties; recommended specifications for laboratory

apparatus, graduates, and thermometers; publication

of a table of the elements with chemical and physical

data; and short historical sketches of the discovery of

the different elements. Assistance to the Congress of

the United States in tariff legislation affecting the

chemical industry, development of transportation regulations in cooperation with the Bureau of Explosives

and Interstate Commerce Commission, and other

technical work related to chemicals, were not only

part of MCA's early activities but are continuing on a current basis.

Environmental Management

The association has long taken a prominent part in

both technical and legislative phases of environmental

management and pollution abatement.

Safety and Health—One of the most widely known

activities of MCA is its program of chemical plant

safety administered by the Safety and Fire Protection

Committee. For its work in this field, the association

has received awards from the American Society of

Association Executives, and the National Safety

Council, four times in succession. Safety activities

include an annual presentation to the two member

companies showing the greatest improvement in plant

safety over a five year period, and annual awards to individual plants of member firms having worked a calendar year without an industrial injury.

The committee periodically sponsors safety workshops for plant supervisors. A major contribution is the publication of 100 manuals known as Chemical

Safety Data Sheets and 20 Safety Guides which set forth properties and essential information for safe handling, storing, shipping, waste disposal, and other

matters pertaining to potentially hazardous substances.

These are distributed worldwide. A sound-and-color

film, Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, has been

produced and a 234-page book. Guide for Safety in

the Chemical Laboratory, has been published. The

most recent project has been the publication, on an

intercommittee basis, of highway transportation

emergency guides known as MCA Chem-Cards, and

of Cargo Information Cards for Water Transportation

covering barge shipments of certain hazardous

chemicals.

The Occupational Health Committee advises

regarding health hazards to workers in the chemical

industry and to consumers of the industry's products,

and assists member companies in the establishment

or revision of health services. Its activities include

sponsorship of workshops for industry safety engi- neers, industrial hygienists, toxicologists and medical

officers regarding implementation of the Occupational

Safety and Health Act. The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Chemicals Committee deals with technical and legislative matters

related to chemicals in foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals,

and cosmetics. This committee, in cooperation with

the Public Relations Department, prepared the association's booklet Food Additives: What They Are/

How They Are Used.

Air-Water-Solid Wastes—The Water Resources Committee originated in 1936, and Air Quality Committee

in 1949, with the Solid Wastes Management Committee having been organized in 1969. MCA has

supported many measures designed to aid the public

and continually provides guidance to governmental

legislative bodies as well as to industry.

These environmental engineering committees

inform the chemical industry concerning events and

trends bearing on pollution and its prevention, abatement, and control: assist member companies in planning for effective management of environmental

problems; and promote the development and exchange

of noncompetitive technical information. Fundamental guidelines are contained in MCA's policy state- ments on environmental management, principles for

air pollution control, principles for water pollution

control, and the chemical industry and environmental

health.

Precautionary Labeling—The Labels and Precautionary Information Committee was organized in

1944 to guide chemical shippers on adequate labeling

and to assist governmental agencies in drafting regulations and laws governing the uniform labeling of

potentially hazardous materials. Manual L-1, Guide to Precautionary Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals, is

99
widely used by industry and regulatory agencies, and

has served as a basis for drafting regulations.

Transportation and Packaging

For over 65 years, through its Transportation and

Distribution, Chemical Packaging, and Transportation Equipment Committees, the association has

carried on research and development work which has

contributed substantially to the present safe methods

of shipping hazardous chemicals. The work includes

the development of new and specialized containers,

equipment, handling methods, and procedures for

the safe transporting of the multiplicity of chemical

products made by the industry. Recommendations

are presented to regulatory groups of Federal, state, and municipal governments and to rail and motor

carrier classification bodies. MCA periodically sponsors technical symposia on the transportation and

packaging of chemicals, both independently and in

cooperation with other national organizations. Publications in this field include manuals of recommended

practice for the handling of chemicals in tank cars, tank trucks, portable tanks, drums, and other

containers.

Chemtrec

The association's Chemical Transportation Emergency Center, known as CHEMTREC, is a voluntary

project of the chemical manufacturing industry. It was established as a public service for the purpose of

providing immediate advice for those at the scene of

emergencies when chemicals are involved in accidents on highways, railroads and waterways. Prompt contact

is then made with the shipper of the chemicals

involved for more detailed assistance and appropriate

follow-up. CHEMTREC operates around the clock, seven days a week, to receive direct dial, toll-free calls through a single telephone number from any point in

the continental United States. Shippers of chemicals,

principally MCA member companies, are notified

through preestablished telephone contacts, providing

24-hour accessibility. As circumstances warrant, other

concerned trade associations with emergency-handling

programs covering specific products are contacted and

kept informed, as are appropriate Government agencies and regulatory bodies.

Other committees with standardization activities

include the Engineering Advisory (voluntary standardization of process equipment), and the Nuclear

Committees.

Technical Publications

MCA publishes several hundred different pieces of

technical and informational literature, as well as films

and filmstrips, pertinent to the chemical industry.

Approximately 1,000 copies of each new technical

publication are issued free to state and Federal officials, health departments, technical and medical school

libraries, and others. A publications list is available on request.

MAPLE FLOORING MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

424 Washington Avenue,

Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54901

One of the prime objects of this association is to establish and enforce uniform grades and standards of

products; to constantly improve methods of manufacture; and to make the association trademark a symbol of excellence in methods and materials.

Through its Grades Committee, this association has

established grading rules for hard maple, beech and

birch flooring. For the protection of the specifier and

consumer, the association requires its members and

encourages other hardwood flooring manufacturers to properly and clearly identify species of their flooring

product. The letters MFMA on maple, beech, or birch flooring signify that the flooring is standardized

and guaranteed by the association to be in accordance

with the current established grading rules. This association has opened its membership to Associate Members made up of qualified flooring contractors to further improve quality of installations.

This association has also adopted specifications for

heavy duty and for gymnasium-type floor finishing

products for maple, beech and birch floors. For this

project, the association employs the services of a commercial testing laboratory. The specifications are

revised every three years for the purpose of improving

performance characteristics of the heavy duty and

gymnasium floor finishes. Products which have met

these specifications and have been certified to the

association, will receive its written approval. A list of

MFMA endorsed and approved finishes is published

at intervals during the 3-year period. The association reserves the right of withdrawal of its approval on substantial evidence of depreciating quality of the

product.

MARBLE INSTITUTE OF AMERICA,

1984 Chain Bridge Road,

McLean,Virginia 22101

The institute is an organization composed of quarriers, importers, wholesalers, finishers and contractors

of marble, formed to establish standards for marble

and the quality of workmanship related to its use. This institute has accumulated a vast amount of

information from the domestic and foreign marble

producing and finishing centers of the world, and is in a position to give to architects, engineers, builders, and

others interested in marble, authentic information

regarding the available marbles of the world.

Through the American National Standards Institute, the institute has helped to produce the following

American National Standards: Standard Specifications

for Interior Building Marble ( A94.1-1961 ) ; Standard

Specifications for Thin Exterior Marble Veneer

(A94.2-1961) ; and Thin Exterior Marble In Curtain

Or Panel Walls (A94.3-1961)

.

100
The institute has also published a 178-page Marble

Design Manual with contents organized to conform

with the Uniform System For Construction Specification.

MARKING DEVICE ASSOCIATION,

1611 Chicago Avenue,

Evanston, Illinois 60201

This association prepares standards for various kinds

of metal marking tools and dies. Included are standards for size and depth of marking characters, styles

of symbol stamps, stock sizes for steel letters and

figures, and stock sizes for various stamp blanks.

Other standards in use by members of the organization include those for bores and keyway sizes for roll

dies, roller die blanks, and type and type holders for

interchangeable steel type.

The association also develops standard terminology

for all kinds of marking devices, including metal marking tools and dies, rubber stamps, seals, stencils, and

marking inks.

Formerly: International Stamp Manufacturers'

Association.

THE MATERIAL HANDLING

INSTITUTE, INC.

1326 Freeport Road,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238

The Material Handling Institute, Inc. was founded

in 1945 as the horizontal trade association representing

manufacturers of industrial material handling equipment, which is used in plants, plant-yards, piers,

terminals and warehouses.

Approximately 10 percent of the activities are devoted to standardization. These activities are administered by the Automatic Identification Manufacturers Section; Below/Hook Lifters Section; Controlled Mechanical Storage Systems Section; Conveyor

Section; Industrial Metal Containers Section; and the

Loading Ramp Manufacturers Section. Although

MHI does not issue standards, the product sections

mentioned do issue standards with an average of about

two per section. The scope of standards are national

except as they find their way into international standards through an international standards organization.

MHI cooperates through the American National

Standards Institute in domestic and international

standards activities. The institute is involved in the

development of industry commentary on military specifications of the: Naval Supply Systems Command;

Army Mobility Command; Naval Construction Battalion Center; and the Naval Engineering Center.

Absorbed: Association of Lift and Portable Elevator

Manufacturers.

MECHANICAL CONTRACTORS'

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA, INC.,

5530 Wisconsin Avenue NW.,

Suite 750,

Washington, D.C. 20015

The association is joint sponsor with the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fit- tings Industry for American National Standards

Committee B16 on Pipe Flanges and Fittings functioning under the procedures of the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI). In addition, it is represented on numerous American National Standards

Committees dealing with the following subjects: code

for pipe threading; code for pressure piping; standardization of dimensions and materials of wrought iron

and wrought steel pipe and tubing; standards for

drawings and drafting room practice; approval and

installation requirements for gas-burning appliances;

graphical symbols and abbreviations for use on drawings; scheme for identification of piping systems, and

safety in construction.

Two departments of this association are actively

engaged in standardization activities; they are the

National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau and the

National Environmental Balancing Bureau. The

National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau provides the means for members of the bureau to develop under its auspices standardized procedures for pipe welding

which are used as the basis of a program for testing

pipefitter welders. The National Environmental Balancing Bureau (NEBB) is a nonprofit organization to solve the construction industry's problems with sys- tems controlling environmental systems in buildings

and in related systems involving liquid flow. NEBB

also establishes industry standards, procedures and

specifications in the environmental balancing field. It has established educational programs with colleges and

universities in local chapter areas. NEBB provides

certification for firms that meet the organization's

requirements which include meeting the required

standards for work performance and supervision.

Formerly: Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning

Contractors' National Association; Heating and Piping

Contractors' National Association; National Association of Master Steam and Hot Water Fitters.

MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION

ASSOCIATION,

1717 Howard Street,

Evanston, Illinois 60202

The Mechanical Power Transmission Association

(MPTA) is a national trade association, which was

founded in 1933. MPTA is concerned with the development of standards and other programs concerning

v-belt drive systems and devices, variable speed drives,

and transmission products including belt drives.

101
MPTA has maintained effective liaison with the

following other associations: Rubber Manufacturers'

Association (RMA), American Society of Mechanical

Engineers, American National Standards Institute,

International Organization for Standardization, and

many others.

The Standards and Engineering Committee of

MPTA administers all standardization activities,

which amount to approximately 50 percent of

MPTA's program.

There are seven MPTA standards, of which five were developed in liaison with RMA. They are the:

Welded Steel Conveyor Pulley Standard; Specifications

for Drives Using Variable Speed V-Belts; Standard

Specifications for Drives Using Narrow V-Belts (3V,

5V, and 8V Cross Sections) ; Specifications for Drives

Using Classical Multiple V-Belts (A, B, C, D and E

Cross Sections) ; Specifications for Drives Using Single

V-Belts (2L, 3L, 4L and 5L Cross Sections) ; Specifications for Drives Using Synchronous Belts (XL,

LH, XH and XXH Belt Sections) ; and the most

recent. Standard Specifications for Welded Steel Wing

Pulleys.

Formerly: Multiple V-Belt Drive and Mechanical

Power Transmission Association.

METAL BUILDING MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

The standardization work of the association is car- ried on by the Technical Committee. The work of

this committee consists of preparation of recommendations concerning such projects as methods used in

application of design loads, recommended minimum

thicknesses of steel to be used in manufacturing metal

buildings in order to assure proper service, and other

general recommendations for use by model code bodies in preparing or revising these codes in order to have properly constructed metal buildings. The Technical Committee of the association works in conjunction with the American Iron and Steel Institute,

model code bodies, and other code committees in

order to assure users of metal buildings that proper

installations are made.

The association has published Metal Building Systems Manual (revised in 1971). This document

includes sections on recommended design practices,

recommended guide specifications, and nomenclature

covering metal building systems.

METAL COOKWARE MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box D,

Fontana, Wisconsin 53125

The Metal Cookware Manufacturers' Association

(MCMA) was founded in May, 1922, as the Aluminum Wares Association. In 1963, when many of its

member companies were expanding and diversifying by

making cookware from other materials, it was decided

to change the name to the Metal Cookware Manufacturers' Association. Today, membership totals 21

companies. This represents a significant majority of

the total metal cookware production in the United

States. The standards activity of the Metal Cookware Manufacturers' Association is an important part of its program and represents 10 to 15 percent of MCMA's

total activity. The standards program is conducted

through a regular established Standards Committee

composed of technical representatives of member

companies. At present, membership of this committee

totals nine (9) persons.

Standards Committee—The committee is an active

group meeting approximately three (3) times per year

to constantly review the standards that have been

accepted to be sure that they are current and up-todate. MCMA is reviewing all standards today in the

light of the various programs on product safety. The

one project MCMA is working on at present has to do with the types of phenolic materials used for cooking utensil handles. In addition, the association is considering what will be necessary and essential in

connection with changes to the international metric

system.

The Standards Manual as prepared by this association has been available to member companies who

have contributed to the formulation of these

standards.

The standards which have been developed by

MCMA are of a voluntary nature and serve as a guideline. MCMA does not have a formal certification

program.

METAL CUTTING TOOL INSTITUTE,

331 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

One purpose of the institute is to promote standardization of sizes, dimensions and tolerances of rotary

type, multiple point, metal cutting tools, such as twist

drills, reamers, taps, milling cutters, and gear generating tools, and to simplify these in cooperation with the

American National Standards Institute (ANSI),

American Society of Mechanical Engineers and other

national and international bodies, with a view to eliminating waste and reducing costs. In this regard,

the institute actively participates in technical and

advisory committees of major national standardizing

bodies.

Results of such activity are reflected in widely promulgated American National Standards on twist

drills, reamers, taps, and milling cutters. These standards form the basis of Federal specifications and

individual company standards, as well as reflecting

current United States industry practice in the formulation of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.

The institute publishes Metal Cutting Tool Hand102
book and such pamphlets as Metal Cutting Tool

Nomenclature, Drilling Today's Materials, Drilled

Holes for Tapping, Tolerances for Twist Drills and

Reamers, Milling Cutters and End Mills, and Standards and Dimensions for Taps and Dies.

METAL LADDER MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box 580,

Greenville, Pennsylvania 16125

One of the most important activities of this association is to participate in the development and promulgation of safety standards pertaining to the products

manufactured by its members. Specifically, the

MLMA has developed, and will continue to develop,

revised versions of its safety standard entitled Safety

Code for Portable Metal and Fiberglass Ladders.

In addition, members of the association are actively

engaged in the work of the following American National Standards Committees developing safety codes:

(a) The A14 Committee which is working on revisions

to American National Standard A14.2-1972, Safety

Code for Portable Metal Ladders, (b) The American

National Standards Committee A92 working on American National Standard A92.1, Standard Safety

Code for Mobile Scaffolds, Ladder Towers and Telescopic Work Platforms, (c) The American National

Standards Committee AlO which is working on revisions to the Construction Code and its various subsections. This committee is developing a revision to American National Standard AlO.8, Standard Safety

Code for Building Construction Safety Requirements

for Temporary Scaffolding, (d) The American

National Standards Committee A14.5 which is developing a Safety Standard for Portable Fiberglass

Ladders.

METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES

FEDERATION,

P.O. Box 2054,

Princeton, New Jersey 08540

The Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF)

was founded in 1945 to serve technical and trade

interests of metal powder producing and consuming

industries.

The Standards Board and three standards committees administer the standardization activities of

MPIF. Standardization is one of the major activities

of the federation and the various trade associations

operating within its structure which is made up of the

Metal Powder Producers' Association, Powder Metallurgy Parts Association, In-Plant Powder Metallurgy

Association, Powder Metallurgy Equipment Association, and Refractory and Reactive Metals Association.

About 110 standards (80 material standards and 30

test standards) have been issued in the field of powder

metallurgy and magnetic cores. Basically they deal

with ferrous and nonferrous P/M materials and industry practices. These standards are considered national

in scope. Involvement with the Federal Government

consists of reviewing the Federal specifications issued

by the General Services Administration involving

P/M products. The Federal specifications are reviewed

by the Standards Board. On an international level,

MPIF participates on International Organization for

Standardization Technical Committee 119, on Metal

Powder and Metal Powder Products.

Formerly: Metal Powder Association (1957).

METAL TUBE PACKAGING COUNCIL

OF NORTH AMERICA,

1414 Avenue of the Americas,

New York, New York 10019

The Metal Tube Packaging Council of North

America, established in 1914 as the Collapsible Tube

Association, is a trade association. The current name

of the organization was adopted in 1966. Its primary

purpose is to provide information on metal tubes to marketers in North America. It is the only organization of its kind, representing all manufacturers of

collapsible metal tubes in North America. At the

present time it distributes a publication to a private

list, six times per year.

The Standards Committee administers the standardization activities for the council. The six current

Collapsible Tube Standards are for: Nomenclature;

Neck and Orifice Sizes—American Standard Thread

and Modified Buttress Thread Forms; Thermoset Cap

Sizes, American Standard Form; Thermoplastic Cap

Sizes; and Standard Length, Wall and Shoulder Sizes.

These standards are available without cost from the

executive office. MILK BOTTLE CRATE MANUFACTURERS'

COUNCIL,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

The standardization and simplification activities of

this association are carried on by the Simplification

and Standardization Committee. Its work has been

confined to simplification matters dealing with development of minimum pocket sizes and minimum

dimensions of the crate in order to insure proper

interstacking of milk bottle crates.

MILL MUTUAL FIRE PREVENTION

BUREAU,

2 North Riverside Plaza,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

The Mill Mutual Fire Prevention Bureau was offi- cially established on January 2, 1911 in Oxford, Michigan. Its primary objective is to provide technical data

to agri processing plants for the reduction of loss to property by fire or wind and to personnel by injury

within the plant. It has been largely responsible for

the development of standards in reducing fire hazards

in grain handling and grain processing plants. These

standards cover such areas as dust control, design of

cyclone collectors, standards for mechanical drives,

103
electrical codes, control of insect and fumigation, etc.

all of which aid to the prevention of fire within the

agri plant. In addition to the standards and pamphlets, considerable time is devoted to plant protection and this is acquired through standards involving local and central

station fire alarm systems, nonstandard sprinkler

installations, installation of portable fire extinguishers,

etc. While most of this material is prepared for

insureds of subscribing members of the Mill Mutual

Fire Prevention Bureau, it is also made available to others, and is frequently sought after by companies in

foreign countries.

An LPE Bulletin, Loss Prevention Engineering is prepared to advise the public of the various materials

made available. There are some 25 pamphlets listed

in this bulletin, all directed toward safe practices in

agri plants.

Engineering members of the Mill Mutual Fire Prevention Bureau are actively engaged on National Fire

Protection Association committees and committees

of the National Safety Council. In addition to this

the engineers of the bureau maintain Registered Professional Engineers and many are members of organizations such as the American Society of Mechanical

Engineers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, Society of Fire Protection Engineers, and

International Association of Electrical Inspectors.

A close alliance is held with various trade associations in the field of flour milling, animal feeds, grain

elevator operations and poultry raising. As problems

arise in these particular areas, research is done by the

Engineering Department and material is made available to these fields to assist in the reduction of loss of

property or life.

MOBILE HOMES MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box 201,

14650 Lee Road,

Chantilly, Virginia 22021

This trade association (MHMA), founded in 1935,

represents the manufacturers and suppliers of factorybuilt housing, a $4 billion industry that built 80

percent of all homes sold for less than $20,000 in

1972. It cooperates with committees of the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) in the

constant review and updating of the Mobile Home

Standard (NFPA 501B and American National Standard A119.1) covering the installation of the plumbing,

heating and electrical systems as well as the construction of the body, frame, running gear, and chassis of

the mobile home. It works with them in the establishment of their Standard for Mobile Home Parks

(NFPA 501A and American National Standard

A177.1). The association is working to secure national

adoption of the Mobile Home Standard; by mid-1973,

36 states had enacted it into law. Members of MHMA

are required to build to the standard and certify their

compliance to it by placing an oval blue and silver

seal near the front door. Inspectors representing

MHMA's Standards Division monitor the compliance

of its members by inspecting their plants on an unan- nounced and frequent basis.

The combined membership of MHMA and the

Trailer Coach Association represented 66 percent of

all 1972 mobile home production, and a total of 84

percent of the 576,000 homes shipped to U.S. dealers

in 1972 went into states where compliance is mandatory.

Both manufacturers and suppliers are represented on the ongoing MHMA Standards Committee which

has five subcommittees dealing with electrical systems,

plumbing, heating, construction and windows.

Formerly: Trailer Coach Manufacturers' Association.

MONORAIL MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1326 Freeport Road,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238

Monorail Manufacturers' Association Specifications

For Underhung Cranes and Monorail Systems apply

to underhung cranes operating on the lower flange of

a track section, and to a single track monorail system

including all curves, switches, transfer devices, trol- leys, lift and drop section, and associated equipment.

The specifications include both power-driven and

hand-operated equipment. Provisions of this specification do not encompass all of the safety precautions

and safeguards applicable to monorail systems primarily used for transportation of personnel. The association was founded in 1933.

MO-SAI INSTITUTE INC.,

P.O. Box 5398,

East Pasadena, California 91107

Mo-Sai Institute, Inc., was founded in 1940. A

nonprofit organization, the institute was organized to standardize, improve and promote the use of precast

architectural concrete. Standardization is administered

by the Technical Committee. While not participating

in international standardization programs, institute

members in Canada and Japan have promulgated the

group's standards in those areas.

Institute standards are frequently included, by

reference, in specifications of the General Services

Administration, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, and

U. S. Navy. Certification activities are principally

undertaken through participating in programs of

American Society for Testing and Materials, American Concrete Institute and Prestressed Concrete

Institute. Current standards are contained in one

publication, Standard Specifications of Mo-Sai Institute. Standards are national in scope and are promoted through market development activities of

member companies.

104
MOTOR VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION OF THE

UNITED STATES, INC.,

New Center Building,

Detroit, Michigan 48202

The Motor Vehicle Manufacturers' Association of

the United States was founded in 1913 as the National

Automobile Chamber of Commerce. Practically all engineering standardization work arising in the industry represented by this organization is conducted

through the Society of Automotive Engineers financed

in substantial part by grant from the association. The

association cooperated with the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety in the preparation and

promulgation of state and city traffic ordinances. This

work continues under the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances.

In addition, this association is a member of the

American National Standards Institute in connection

with standards related to motor vehicles and their use.

It is a participant in international standards programs

of International Organization for Standardization and

International Special Committee on Radio Interfer- ence (CISPR) and the Economic Commission for

Europe (ECE) Working Party 29.

The association also cooperates with the Technical

Committee of the Bureau Permanent International

des Constructeurs d'Automobiles in international

standards work.

Formerly: Automobile Manufacturers' Association,

Inc. (1972).

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCESNATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF MEDICINE

NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL,

2I0I Constitution Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20418

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to the furtherance of sci- ence and its use for the general welfare, and required

by its Congressional Charter of 1863 to act as an

official adviser to the Federal Government, upon

request, in all matters of science and technology. Its members, now numbering about 1000, are elected in

recognition of their distinguished and continuing

achievements in original research. The National

Academy of Engineering was established in 1964

under the charter of the NAS. The Institute of Medicine was chartered by the NAS in 1970. The National

Research Council was established by the academy in

1916 to enable the broad community of U.S. scientists and engineers to associate their efforts with the

limited membership of the academy in service to sci- ence and the nation. The members of the Research

Council are drawn from academic, industrial, and

government organizations throughout the country.

Representatives of more than 100 scientific and technical societies, designated members of Government scientific agencies, and members-at-large receive their

appointments from the president of the academy.

The primary purpose of these organizations is to bring together the most competent scientists and engi- neers of the country in appropriate groups to deal with

scientific problems and to exchange information in

furtherance of research.

No laboratories are maintained, but the NAS-NAElOM-NRC seeks to stimulate and support the work

of individual scientists and to coordinate investigations dealing with broad problems in research, both

nationally and internationally. This is carried out

through a wide variety of means, including conferences, technical committees, surveys, collection and

collation of scientific and technical data, the sponsorship of scientific publications and research organizations, and the administration of public and private

funds for research projects and fellowships. It provides

unique means for organizing attacks on scientific

problems which involve many specialized fields and

for obtaining disinterested and objective assessments

of problems for groups representing dissimilar or conflicting interests.

Since the activities of the Academy-Research Council are directed largely toward stimulating and

facilitating scientific research, rather than its conduct

or direction, the program in the field of standardization

is necessarily quite limited. However, there have been some calls to undertake such assignments. Current

standardization activities are listed below.

Assembly of Behavioral and Social Sciences—The

Committee on Vision is currently active in cooperation with the Z80 Committee of the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI) in its attempt

to promote standardized methods for the testing of

ophthalmic lenses, particularly for impact resistant

lenses. The committee is also active on a continuing

basis on setting of standards for induction into or retirement from the Armed Forces based upon visual

function. An additional concern is the setting of vis- ual standards required for the performance of specialized military occupations such as flying. The

committee works internationally with North Atlantic

Treaty Organization (NATO) in setting performance

standards for visual function of NATO pilots, standardized painting of propeller tips to avoid accidents

among ground crew, and standardized lighting of

runways. Finally, the committee is concerned with

standardized lighting of buoys, marking of navigation

channels in costal regions, harbors, and rivers.

The Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics has published reports setting noise exposure standards beyond which noise levels human

hearing would be jeopardized. These standards have

frequently been adopted by ANSI. The committee

cooperates with the International Organization for

Standardization in setting of similar noise exposure

standards on an international basis. The committee

has cooperated with the International Civil Aviation

Organization in setting restrictions on the flight of

commercial supersonic transports that would result in

the production of sonic booms. The committee is

105
currently cooperating with the Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Agency, and the Environmental Protection Agency, in developing guidelines

for state and local governments to follow for the control of transportation noise, and with the Environmental Protection Agency in setting similar guidelines

to control other sources of environmental noise. The

committee also is active on setting of standards for

induction into or retirement from the Armed Forces

based upon auditory function. An additional concern

is the setting of auditory standards required for the

performance of specialized military occupations such

as flying.

Assembly of Life Sciences—The Committee on Animal Nutrition has prepared a series of reports

dealing with the nutrient requirements of various

domestic animals.

The Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources

(ILAR) was founded in 1952. Through the efforts of an Advisory Council, Executive Committee and varied

committees, ILAR serves as a coordinating agency to disseminate information, survey existing and required

resources, establish standards, promote education,

hold conferences, and upgrade laboratory animal

resources. ILAR strives to keep the laboratory animal

community currently informed through its quarterly

publication, ILAR News, and has published approximately 100 other publications on the following subjects: Proceedings of Symposia and Workshops;

Surveys of Laboratory Animal Use; Standards and

Guidelines for the Breeding, Care, and Management

of Laboratory Animals; Animal Procurement Specifications; Abstracts on Animal Models for Biomedical

Research; and other miscellaneous publications in the

laboratory animal field. Food and Nutrition Board—The board prepares

Recommended Dietary Allowances as a guide to the

maintenance of complete healthful nutrition. Its Food

Chemicals Codex establishes standards of identity and

purity for the chemicals used as intentional additives

in food. The Food Protection Committee of the board

considers standards that affect food processing, production and storage.

Chemistry and Chemical Technology—Through its Advisory Center on Toxicology, the division advises on

tolerances for industrial substances that might constitute a hazard for personnel. The Numerical Data

Advisory Board studies problems relating to standards

for compiling and disseminating critically evaluated

numerical data. The Committee on Symbols, Units,

and Terminology, operating jointly under this division and the Divisions of Engineering and Physical

Sciences, coordinates for the LTnited States national

and international interest in symbols, units, and terminology in all areas of the physical sciences. It also

functions on behalf of the American National Standards Institute as USA Committee for International

Organization for Standardization Technical Committee

12 in its interdisciplinary program on quantities, units,

and symbols.

Earth Sciences—A Committee on Seismology

advises Government agencies on the World-Wide Network of Standardized Seismograph Stations. An Ocean

Affairs Board gives broad support to the marine sci- ences and advises several Government agencies on

oceanographic problems. The Committee on Remote

Sensing Programs for Earth Resource Surveys advises

the Government on remote sensing programs for earth resource surveys and environmental monitoring.

Engineering—There are many units in the division

whose activities are closely related to establishing

standards or codes; but it is the intent of the division

that actual formulation of standards be avoided.

Rather, units are expected to help supply scientific and

technical data on properties and performance to

assist responsible standards-writing groups.

Highway Research Board does not set standards

but its authoritative publications are routinely used as standards by numerous agencies. Examples include traffic control warrants, definitions, new testing procedures and design details. Similar data leading to standardization by other organizations are developed

continuously in the activities of Highway Research

Board standing committees and contractors performing

research under the Highway Research Board administered NCHRP program.

Ship Research Committee—This committee is a standing committee of the Maritime Transportation

Research Board. Its activities cover the fields of materials, design, fabrication, and inspection as related to merchant ship hulls. Advisory Board on Military Personnel Supplies—

This board and its several committees provide

scientific and technical advisory services to the U.S.

Army Natick Laboratories on matters of military

clothing, food, and shelter. Building Research Advisory Board—BRAB advisory

services are used by Federal agencies as scientific and

technical input to the development of standards and

other requirements for housing and building construction. BRAB also operates the BRAB Federal Construction Council, a voluntary correlating group of some

nine Federal construction agencies with major building construction responsibilities. The deliberations of

this council lead also to certain standards or accepted

practices in materials, methods, and designs employed

in a great volume of Federal building activities. A

special program of the council deals with the creation

of recommended Federal guide specifications for

building construction.

Physical Sciences—Several committees of the division concern themselves with standardization activities as part of their overall program. Among these are

the following: the Committee on Symbols, Units, and

Terminology cooperates with U.S. activities and international scientific unions and commissions in coordinating the recommendations and views of major

United States scientific and technical activities con- cerned with standardization of symbols, units and

terminology in the physical sciences; the Committee

on Line Spectra of the Elements surveys the field and

directs attention to significant problems for investigation, encourages group attack on related aspects of

major problems, and compiles data on atomic spectra.

106
The Committee on Nuclear Science has several subcommittees and panels which form research confer- ences and review articles, monographs and special

reports, and make available data and recommended

standards, constants, and procedures for benefit of

other scientific groups, Government, and industry. A

number of technical panels, organized to conform

with divisional activities of the National Bureau of

Standards, advise and assist the Director of the

Bureau in evaluation and planning.

The Academy-Research Council has published or has been responsible for the publication of many

individual reports or series of reports dealing with

some aspect of standardization. Among these are International Critical Tables of Numerical Data; Physics, Chemistry, and Technology (7 volumes and

index) ; Data on Chemicals for Ceramic Use; Tables of

Chemical Kinetics, Homogeneous Reactions (with

supplement) ; Method of Coding Chemicals for Correlation and Classification; Specifications and Criteria for

Biochemical Compounds; A Glossary of Terms in

Nuclear Science and Technology; Principles and

Procedures for Evaluating the Safety of International

Chemical Additives in Foods; Status Report on Standardization of Radionuclides in the United States; and

Measurements and Standards of Radioactivity.

A listing of publications in print is available from

the Printing and Publishing Office.

NATIONAL ACCREDITATION COUNCIL,

79 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10016

Founded in 1967, the council (NAG) seeks to improve the quality of specialized services in its field. It (1) develops and updates standards for the management and services of agencies and schools for the

blind and visually handicapped and (2) administers a voluntary system through which organizations found

to be in substantial compliance with the standards

are given the public recognition of accreditation. The

decision to grant, withhold, or defer accreditation is made by the Commission on Accreditation. The Commission on Standards initiates plans and proposals for

development of new standards and revision of existing

standards and reviews all standards before they are promulgated.

Development and application of the standards have

been encouraged and funded in part by the Rehabilitation Services Administration, Social and Rehabilitation Service, and by the Office of Education, both of

the U. S. Department of Health, Education and

Welfare.

Present standards cover 13 administrative and program areas encompassing hundreds of standards.

Standards are listed in The COMSTAG Report and

in three self-study and evaluation guides.

NAC is the only nationally recognized standardsetting, accrediting organization for specialized services to the blind and visually handicapped. As projects

for new standards are developed they are reported

in the Annual Report. NAC promotes the use of the

standards through mailings, meetings and cooperation

with other organizations in the field. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

ARCHITECTURAL METAL

MANUFACTURERS,

1033 South Boulevard,

Oak Park, Illinois 60302

NAAMM, a nationwide association of fabricators of

hollow, architectural, residential, miscellaneous, and

ornamental metal products, was founded in 1939. Its objectives are to: promote mutual interests and cooperation among the members of the industry; promote

educational and inspirational activities within the

industry; compile and disseminate statistics and other

information pertaining to the industry; furnish technical information to architects and engineers about

the industry; maintain and improve the technical

standards of the industry; conduct studies and surveys

to increase the use of and markets for the products

of the industry; promote and assist in the development of new products for the industry; promote other

activities materially beneficial to the industry which

are appropriate to trade associations generally.

NAAMM and its Architectural Metal Products

Division, Metal Bar Grating Division, and Hollow Metal

Manufacturers Association, a division of NAAMM

have developed standards and specifications for many

of the products of the industry—standards and specifications universally accepted and used by architects,

specification writers, and Government agencies. They

are quality standards and specifications that have

given specifying authorities confidence in the products

of the industry.

The following technical publications contain

NAAMM's recommended practices and specifications

and standards: Metal Stairs Manual; Metal Bar Grating

Manual; Metal Product Outline Manual; Metal Finishes Manual; Specifications for Custom Hollow Metal

Doors and Frames—NAAMM Standard CHM-1-74;

and Fire-Rated Custom Metal Doors and Frames, and

Glossary of Architectural Metal Terms Manual.

Formerly: National Association of Ornamental Metal

Manufacturers;

Absorbed: National Steel Door and Frame Association (1962).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

BEDDING MANUFACTURERS,

1150 17tli Street NW.,

Suite 200,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The National Association of Bedding Manufacturers

(NABM) founded in 1915, is national in scope and

represents manufacturers of mattresses, bedsprings,

and dual purpose sleep equipment as well as suppliers

of machinery, raw and finished materials, components

and other supplies and services necessary to the manufacture of bedding.

NABM, virtually throughout the entire span of its

107
existence, has been aware of the importance and

mutual benefits of standardization to both industry

members and the consuming public.

Various committees and members of NABM are involved on a continuing basis with a number of Government agencies and related trade groups in a cooperative effort of reviewing, developing, updating and

revising industry and Government standards as they

apply to bedding products as the occasion warrants.

Recent examples of this work are the conclusion in

1972 of a project in cooperation with the American

Hotel & Motel Association to develop test equipment

and procedures for evaluating performance characteristics of mattresses and boxsprings and a current

project with the National Bureau of Standards to revise Simplified Practice Recommendation R2-62,

Bedding Products and Components. This standard,

first issued in 1922 as R-2, is the oldest active standard in the National Bureau of Standards' inventory

and has been revised and reissued in 1930, 1932,

1954, 1957 and 1962.

Standards and specifications pertaining to bedding

products are initially distributed to members of NABM

and related trade groups with the association's recom- mendations as to their applicability and use. A substantial distribution of additional copies is made in

response to subsequent requests from interested

parties.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

BLUE SHIELD PLANS,

211 East Chicago Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

The National Association of Blue Shield Plans

(NABSP), established in 1946, serves and represents

71 locally organized and operated nonprofit health care prepayment plans which together serve over 80

million Americans.

A primary objective of NABSP is provision by its member plans of high quality service to subscribers,

beneficiaries and physicians. This is often accomplished by establishment of performance objectives for

various aspects of plan operations and includes

standardization of data definitions and accounting

procedures. Member plans are required to report

information describing scope of operation, financial

condition and experience on a routine basis.

Blue Shield Plans serve as fiscal agents for Federal

Medicare (Bureau of Health Insurance), Medicaid

(Medical Services Administration) programs, and

CHAMPUS (Department of Defense) programs.

NABSP coordinates the provision of health care prepayment services for multistate purchasers through

local Blue Shield Plans, including the world's largest

privately underwritten contract, the Federal Employees Health Benefit Program (Civil Service Commission) . Adherence to standards promulgated by the association is encouraged or formally required when neces- sary by action of the Conference of Plans which

amends or extends existing NABSP Standards of

Membership. These requirements must be met by

organizations desiring to qualify for membership in

NABSP. Association staff, at the direction of the

NABSP Board of Directors, administer the various

standards.

Illustrative of the NABSP activities are standardized

programs in medical service nomenclature and coding, service utilization review and measurement, physician charge and plan allov/ance data, benefit description, accounting procedures and data processing

systems.

Formerly: Associated Medical Care Plans (1946),

Blue Shield Medical Care Plans (1950), National

Association of Blue Shield Plans (1960).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

BROADCASTERS,

1771 N Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The National Association of Broadcasters whose

membership includes over 5000 AM, FM, and TV

stations was formed over 50 years ago as a trade

association to represent the commercial broadcasting

industry.

The NAB Recording and Reproducing Committees

have established standards for recording and reproducing in which more than 100 of the nation's authorities on various phases of recording participated. The

standards program is a continuing effort which first started in 1941. The standards pertain to the recording and reproducing of disc, cartridge tape, reel-to-reel magnetic tape and cassette, as well as methods of

measurement. They include standard playback curves, response limits and criteria for establishing test records and tapes. The standards also contain mechanical dimensions for records, reel flanges and hubs,

and cassettes. A glossary of terms in included. These

are professional standards promulgated primarily for

the broadcasting industry.

Formerly: National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (1951-1957).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

CORROSION ENGINEERS,

P.O. Box 1499,

Houston, Texas 77001

NACE is a nonprofit technical society which was

incorporated in the State of Texas in 1943. This

organization is the only technical society in the United

States that is devoted entirely to matters concerning

the prevention and control of corrosion and the

protection of materials. Through its Technical Practices Committees, NACE is engaged in preparing

standards to promote the use of the best technical

practices to reduce the cost of corrosion and to increase the safety of industrial, public and private

installations where corrosion damage could create hazards. NACE has cooperated with the Federal Government in developing industry-oriented standards for

the Office of Pipeline Safety and the Office of Hazard108
ous Materials in the Department of Transportation.

The association has an Accreditation Program whereby

members of the association can become accredited as Corrosion Specialists, Corrosion Specialists in Training, Senior Corrosion Technologists and Corrosion

Technicians. All the standards that have been issued

by NACE are listed in a NACE publication brochure

that is available from the association. The standards

developed by NACE are national in scope in that they

are pertinent to industries or segments of industries

and are of interest to that industry or segment of

industry throughout the country. Active standards

committees are structured under the Technical Practices Committees which are composed of eight group

committees primarily oriented on industrial basis.

These group committees are then subdivided into

forty-two unit committees, under which standardwriting task groups can be formed. Annual directories

of these committees are issued by NACE Headquarters and are available at no cost. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

COUNTY ENGINEERS,

308 Jacolyii Drive NW.,

Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52405

The National Association of County Engineers

(NACE) is the only organization of its type, founded

in 1956, and is an affiliate of the National Association

of Counties (NACO). The predominate objective is to identify the various technical and management problems common to most counties, and document their

practical solutions. The original objective was to emphasize the relations, actions and methods of

management, and a number of committees produced

guide manuals delineating the better practices in use throughout the country. The work was financed by

the Federal Highway Administration and Highway

Users Federation for Safety and Mobility—as it still is today. In recent years, numerous committees produced a second generation of Action Guide Manuals

which emphasizes standards for both modern county

engineering management and procedures for simplified engineering and technical analysis. With the use

of these "how-to-do-it" guides, the professional considerations are more readily identified, and the universally accepted engineering solutions can be applied.

These literally "best sellers" published 17 volumes and

sold in sets only, include: (1) Organization-PersonnelPurchasing; (2) Cost Records; (3) Advance Road

Programs; (4) Comprehensive County Planning; (5)

Planning County Road Systems; (6) Refuse Disposal;

(7) County Traffic Operations; (8) Maintenance

Management; (9) Public Support; (10) Spot Safety

Improvements; (11) Administration of Bridge Inspection; (12) Soil Erosion and Water Pollution Prevention; (13) Aerial Photography; (14) Drainage; (15)

Travel Generation ; (16) Subsurface Soils Exploration

;

and 17 Summary Volume.

The officers, (Board of Directors) elected by the

1200 international members, appoint the Research

Program Planning Committee, which directs all

research work through a professional stafE at the

NACO office in Washington, D. C. The NACE Board of Directors has been summoned

to consult formally and informally with several of the

Federal departments, congressional committees, individual Senators and Congressmen; the Highway

Research Board, various state departments and state associations. The NACE input has helped to develop

National policy and Federal legislation.

NACE has conducted workshops on manual subjects throughout the country, and holds a Management Research Conference each year, and meets

annually with the NACO meeting each summer.

THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

ELEVATOR CONTRACTORS,

4321 Hartwick Road,

Suite 306,

College Park, Maryland 20740

The National Association of Elevator Contractors,

founded in 1949, is a nonprofit, nongovernment cor- poration; is made up of independent elevator contractors and their suppliers.

Some 30 percent of the association's activities are devoted to the development, promulgation and education of the industry of the American National Standard

Safety Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters, Escalators

and Moving Walks (American National Standard

A17.1-1971). Committees serve on the Executive

Committee and the Standards Committee of the

A17.1 Safety Code.

Classes for members and nonmembers are con- ducted annually in Code Understanding. Working with

the Building Officials and Code Administrators and the

National Association of Elevator Safety Authorities

classes are conducted leading to the certification of

Elevator Safety Inspectors. All educational activities are conducted by the Executive Director of NAEC.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

FOOD CHAINS,

1725 Eye Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

Standardization activities of this association include

work in the following areas: (1) standard invoices;

(2) standardization of pallets; (3) cooperation in

funding and developing the universal product code

and symbol for the grocery industry; (4) research on

the shape and type of containers used to transport

food products; and (5) study of modularization of

shipping containers for grocery products.

NAFC is working with supplier associations in the

produce, meat and dry groceries areas in encouraging

the use of standard invoice forms. The utilization of

these forms is aimed at reducing the processing time

in handling supplier invoices.

As a trade association, NAFC played a vital part in

the adoption of the 48 in by 40 in four-way hardwood

109
pallet as the standard pallet for the food industry,

and the suggested alternative size which is 32 in by 40

in Increased unitization of shipments with standard

pallets has substantially reduced the cost of moving

food products for the manufacturer or the consumer. NAFC is also working with produce suppliers to make nonbulger pack produce containers available as standard containers. These nonbulge pack containers

are aimed at delivering produce to the consumer with

less damage than the bulge pack container.

Because of the difficulty in palletization of square

cases, NAFC is encouraging the adoption of case shapes more conclusive to palletization. Standard item

codes for all food products is also an area of NAFC

activity.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

FOOD EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS,

111 East Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60601

The association is concerned with equipment standards and practices in the field of commercial food

preparation and service. Standardization activities

include research and educational programs in foodservice layout, refrigeration, dishwashing and dishhandling. The Advisory and Emergency Feeding Committee works in cooperation with Government and

civil defense agencies concerned with mass feeding

in times of emergency. It maintains close liaison, for

cooperative effort in standardization, with Food Facilities Engineering Society, National Sanitation Foundation and other industry groups.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS, INC.,

8401 Connecticut Avenue NW.,

Suite 911,

Washington, D.C. 20015

Two associations, The National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, and the Southern Furniture Manufacturers Association have established a Joint Industry Upholstery Fabric Committee. This committee

consists of 11 leading furniture manufacturers combined with technical experts from a dozen fabric mills

and representatives from such retail organizations as Sears Roebuck and J. C. Penney.

Representatives of the committee have met with

the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) for the purpose of developing wearability standards for upholstery fabrics that will enable us to distinguish their

wearability characteristics into such catagories as heavy duty, medium, light wear, and decorator

fabrics.

We submitted our proposed standards and test procedures to NBS and subsequently presented them to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and

the American Society for Testing and Materials

(ASTM) for review.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

GLUE MANUFACTURERS,

2805 Patterson Plank Road,

Box 850,

North Bergen, New Jersey 07047

The National Association of Glue Manufacturers

(NAGM) was founded in 1922. Standardization and

simplificatinn activities of this association are carried on by the Technical Committee which is charged with

the duty of establishing standard grades and methods

for testing animal glue products manufactured by its members. The following publications are available

from the association: Animal Glue in Industry and

Standard Methods for the Sampling and Testing of

Animal Glues. These Standard Methods are considered national in scope.

NAGM through its Technical Committee, has established a cooperative testing program in which its members and certain outside laboratories are invited

to participate. The purpose of the testing program is to establish certain standards which will result in

more uniform testing. This is achieved by the distri- bution of samples of animal glues to the member and

nonmember participating laboratories. The samples

are subjected to a series of tests established by the

Technical Committee and the results forwarded to the

association's headquarters where they are tabulated,

identified by number only and sent to the association's

members as a specific report. Each participating member is informed of its identification number in the

report and is therefore in a position to compare the

results. Through its members, the NAGM is represented on

the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper

Industry, Gummed Industries Association, American

Society for Testing and Materials, and Adhesives

Manufacturers' Association of America.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOSIERY

MANUFACTURERS,

516 Charlottetown Mall,

Charlotte, North Carolina 28204

Among the principal activities of this association

(NAHM) is technical research leading to standards

concerning sizing systems and terminology for various

types of hosiery. Two such standards developed under

the auspices of the U.S. Department of Commerce,

National Bureau of Standards, were Commercial Standard CS46-65, Hosiery Lengths and Sizes Excluding

Women's and Commercial Standard CS234-61,

Measurements for Stretch Socks and Anklets, for

which NAHM was the proponent.

In addition to the above, the association in recent

years, through extensive research and testing, developed a simple method for use in describing women's

pantyhose in order to provide wearers with properfitting garments. The end result is a recommendation,

widely followed throughout the industry, that all

110
pantyhose be described in terms of height and weight

of the wearer for whom they are produced.

Absorbed: Southern Hosiery Manufacturers' Association (1956).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOSPITAL

PURCHASING MANAGEMENT,

1340 North Astor Street,

Suite 1201,

Chicago, Illinois 60610

The National Association of Hospital Purchasing

Management (NAHPM) was founded in 1957, and

chartered by the State of Illinois as a nonprofit professional organization of hospital purchasing directors.

The primary efforts of the NAHPM are (1) to foster an increased knowledge of and proficiency in purchasing management; (2) to conduct and participate in

educational programs and activities concerning purchasing management; (3) to provide media for the

interchange of ideas and dissemination of material

relative to hospital purchasing management, by bringing about closer cooperation, developing curricula and

supporting materials for use by educational institutions, to cooperate with hospitals and other patient care institutions and agencies; (4) to establish principles relative to hospital purchasing management to establish standards of performance for individuals and

institutions in the various areas of hospital purchasing

management through certification and educational

conferences and research in hospital purchasing

management.

The Professional Development Committee has

established guidelines for the certification of hospital

purchasing managers.

Formerly: National Association of Hospital Purchasing Agents (1968).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

INDUSTRIAL PARKS,

Suite 1110 - 1800 North Kent Street,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The National Association of Industrial Parks

(NAIP) was founded in 1967. Membership is open to developers of industrial and office parks and others

interested in industrial real estate who are admitted

as associate members. The purpose of NAIP is to stimulate growth of the industry; to help improve prospects and profits of its members; and to foster the

establishment and maintenance of standards for the

operation of industrial parks. The following criteria was established to help fulfill the purpose of NAIP:

The assembly of land under one continuing control, to provide facilities for business and industry consistent

with a master plan and restrictions, resulting in the

creation of a physical environment achieving the fol- lowing objectives: Consistency with community goals;

sufficient business and industrial operations; human

scale and values; compatibility with natural environment; achieving and sustaining highest land values.

The standards for NAIP consist of those for: paved

streets, adequate utility systems for multiple industrial

users, setback or percentage coverage requirements,

landscaping, offstreet parking, and architectural control through approval of appearance, siting, building

materials, and signs.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF METAL

NAME PLATE MANUFACTURERS, INC.,

1000 Vermont Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

This association, originally known as the Metal

Etching and Fabricating Association, was incorporated

in July 1951 as a nonprofit organization. The name

was changed to National Association of Metal Name

Plate Manufacturers, Inc., (NAME) in 1968. The

term "name plate" refers to any metal plate that has

been etched, embossed, stamped, engraved or imprinted and which is fastened to another object for

purposes of identification, instruction, or decoration.

name's membership accounts for approximately twothirds of the total business volume of the name plate

manufacturing industry in the United States. Standards represent a relatively small but highly

significant portion of the association's activities. In 1969 NAME published Metal Name Plate Industry

Standards and Practices. This book is the only set of

standards in existence for the industry in the U.S.

Among the subject areas covered by NAME standards are: nomenclature, finishes, fabrication toler- ances, materials, fastening methods, inspection, reject

procedure, delivery, and equipment preparation.

Copies have been distributed throughout the industry

and to customers of the industry in both private and

public sectors for their information and use in writing

specifications. Although no formal international standards exist, numerous copies of NAME's standards and

practices book have been sent on request to overseas companies. The Book of Standards Committee of

name's Board of Directors is responsible for compiling and coordinating changes to Metal Name Plate

Industry Standards and Practices.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

MOTOR BUS OWNERS,

1025 Connecticut Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The association, founded in 1926, is the national

trade association for the intercity motor bus industry

with membership of some 450 bus operating companies, 21 state and regional bus associations, and

about 75 bus manufacturers, suppliers, and others

with an interest in bus transportation. Although the

association has issued no standards of its own, it is actively concerned in the development of standards

and requirements in matters affecting motor carrier

and motor vehicle safety and occupational safety and

health. Included are operation, maintenance, and

inspection of vehicles, safety-related parts and acces- sories such as brakes, tires, lights, windows, seats, etc., control of noise and pollutant emissions, and accident

111
reporting. Such activities involve both active cooperation with Government agencies involved, particularly

those in the U.S. Department of Transportation, and

participation in the work of voluntary groups, such as those sponsored by the American National Standards

Institute. In connection with standardization of vehicle sizes and weights, the association works primarily

with Federal and state legislative groups.

Similarily, the association works with the Interstate Commerce Commission and other interested Government agencies, and industry groups in connection with

standards and requirements relative to such matters

as accounting, reporting of financial and operating

data, certification of operating authorities, and vehicle

registration.

Association committees and staff representatives are primarily responsible for its standardization activities.

Included are committees on (1) Safety, (2) Vehicle

Safety Standards, (3) Maintenance and Inspection,

and (4) Accounting.

Formerly: Motor Bus Division of American Automobile Association; National Motor Bus Division of

American Automobile Association; National Association of Motor Bus Operators (1960).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

PIPE COATING APPLICATORS,

2504 FIournoy-Lucas Road,

Shreveport, Louisiana 71108

On October 22, 1964 fourteen men assembled in

New Orleans, Lousiana to discuss action to be taken

for the betterment of the plant pipe coating industry.

From this meeting, the association which has come to be known as NAPCA, was formed.

The National Association of Pipe Coating Applicators seeks to: promote the general welfare of the plant

pipe coating application industry; stimulate the use

of plant applied pipe coating and related materials;

standardize and improve specifications and materials;

aid consumers and manufacturers in their coating

material research; cooperate with other industries and

organizations; disseminate information to the members

of the plant applied pipe coating application industry,

its customers and the public.

NAPCA has issued 19 standards, specification and

suggested procedures (recommended practices) for the

industry; these are published under the series title NAPCA Bulletins, and have the cover title of

National Association of Pipe Coating Applicators Specifications and Plant Coatings Guide.

NAPCA further encourages high standards of workmanship and business ethics in this industry.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

PLASTIC FABRICATORS,

4720 Montgomery Lane,

Washington, D.C. 20014

This association (NAPF), founded in 1956, is composed of suppliers of materials and machinery and

manufacturers of decorative plastic laminated products for residential and commercial uses. The association has published Quality Specifications QS 1-1965

which detail the manufacturing requirements for

countertops, work surfaces, wall paneling, partitions

and cabinet doors made of decorative plastic laminate.

Product Standards A-1-70, A-2-71, and C-1-70 supersede some sections of QS 1-1965. A special panel of

the Technical Committee is currently engaged in a program to develop performance standards that are

related to the products end use. These will supersede

the existing prescription type standards.

The development of performance standards is viewed as a prelude to the introduction of an industry

certification program. The NAPF is national in scope

and its standards are distributed to Federal agencies,

architects, builders, trade journals, standards publications, and to all allied industries.

The association's membership is international. In

addition to individual companies, the Laminated

Plastic Fabricators' Association of England, and the

Laminated Plastic Fabricators' Association of New

Zealand are extended memberships. Technical information and fabricating technological data is exchanged

regularly.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

PLUMBING-HEATING-COOLING

CONTRACTORS,

1016 20th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling

Contractors (NAPHCC) was founded June 29, 1883.

The objects and purposes of the association are: for

the advancement and encouragement of better methods and practices in the fields of plumbing, hydronic

heating, and hydronic cooling; for the advancement

of sanitation and sanitary laws and for the advancement of techniques in air-conditioning—be it heating

or cooling—leading to better protection of the health

and welfare of the public; for the improvement of

plumbing appliances and fixtures and of heating and

cooling equipment and parts; for the education of the

members of the industry in the arts of plumbing,

hydronic heating and hydronic cooling and the best

method of conducting such business; for the establishment of harmonious and equitable relations

between contractors, journeymen, and other employees and between manufacturers and jobbers in supplies

used in the plumbing, heating, cooling, gas-fitting and

drainage business; for the education of the apprentice

in the arts of plumbing, hydronic heating, and

hydronic cooling and the establishment of a continuing apprenticeship system.

The Technical Committee administers the standardization activities of the organization. In recent years,

NAPHCC became involved with the Federal Government concerning the Department of Health, Education and Welfare's (HUD) acceptance of the National

Standard Plumbing Code which was developed and

published by NAPHCC and is now cosponsored by

112
the American Society of Plumbing Engineers. HUD

approved the code in early 1973.

Formerly: National Association of Master Plumbers

(1883) ; and National Association of PlumbingHeating-Cooling Contractors (1962).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

PURCHASING MANAGEMENT, INC.,

11 Park Place,

New York, New York 10007

This association (NAPM), has approximately 115

affiliated local purchasing associations in this country,

representing 18,000 purchasing officials, both public

and private. Representing a body of corporate con- sumers, including purchasing agents of industrial concerns, private and public utilities, and governmental

and institutional buyers, this association takes an

active part in standardization and simplification programs of value to its members.

In the early years of this association, it was

extremely active in the formulation of national standards and simplified practices. While this association

and its members are still vitally interested in standardization, the emphasis has shifted from formulation

to promulgation of standards through company standardization programs.

The NAPM Professional Development Planning

Committee has sponsored an educational program

which, although it does not come strictly within the

purview of standardization, does cover subjects which

are either directly or indirectly related to the broad

field of standardization and simplification. In an effort to advance further sound principles of purchasing and

to elevate the purchasing profession, this committee's

professional development program includes, among

other things, the publication of a series of handbooks

for the guidance and use of the entire membership of

the association.

Formerly: National Association of Purchasing

Agents (1968).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

RECYCLING INDUSTRIES, INC.,

330 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The National Association of Secondary Material

Industries (NASMI) founded in 1913, represents the

nation's recycling industries. Members of the association have as their prime functions the collection,

processing, importing, exporting, smelting, refining,

and the conversion of new raw materials from scrap

metals, waste paper, and waste textiles along with and

the manufacture of products from recycled materials.

The association is the source of four sets of standards which are internationally recognized and accepted.

These are: NF-73, covering delivery and quality

standards for trading in all nonferrous scrap metals,

(copper, brass, nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, lead.

tin, zinc, precious and exotic metals) ; PS-72, delivery

and quality classifications for trading in paper stock;

WS-63, for wool stock; and CS-65, covering the trade

in cotton and synthetic fibers. These standards and

classifications are under continuous review by standing committees in each of the association's commodity

divisions: the Metal Dealers Division, Secondary

Metal Institute; Foreign Trade Division, Paper Stock

Institute of America; Paper Stock Consumer Division

and the Textile Division.

Formerly: National Association of Secondary Material Industries, Inc. National Association of Waste

Material Dealers (1960).

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

RELAY MANUFACTURERS,

P.O. Box 1649,

Scottsdale, Arizona 85252

The National Association of Relay Manufacturers

(NARM) was founded in 1947. The purpose of

NARM is to promote the standardization of terminology and test procedures in the manufacture and use of

relays. To implement this purpose, the association has

standing committees which coordinate the activities

of NARM members with relay users and Government agencies in establishing specifications for relays. In April of each year NARM cosponsors a National

Relay Conference at Oklahoma State University. The

purpose is to provide engineers and specialists con- cerned with relays, the opportunity to present results

of their technical investigations to representatives of

prominent relay manufacturers and users and to those

persons affiliated with institutions of higher learning

who are interested in this area. NARM has sponsored the publication. Engineers'

Relay Handbook which contains the material of pre- viously published specifications relating to terminology

and test procedures. It is an all-encompassing engineering reference source covering all relays from elec- tromechanical to hybrid and solid state. NARM also

publishes the booklet. Definitions of Relay Terms.

NARM cooperates with other organizations such as Electronic Industries Association (EIA) and is pres- ently engaged in writing standards for reed switches,

solid state relays and mercury displacement relays.

Other specifications developed by NARM are primarily for relay manufacturers, such as specifications for

low carbon and silicon steels, and EMI iron for use

in magnetic circuits for relays.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF

WIPING CLOTH MANUFACTURERS,

189 West Madison Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60602

This association (NAWCM) was established in

April 1932 and contains 175 members. This organization has adopted specifications for the sale of wiping

cloths which cover the process of sterilization and

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grading. In addition, it also has adopted an official label, the presence of which on a bale or carton of

industrial wipers represents a guarantee that the contents of the bale or carton conform to the specifications. The wording of the label reads as follows: "The

wiping cloths contained in this bale or package have

been produced and packed according to specifications

of the National Association of Wiping Cloth Manufacturers." Each member of the association issues an

affidavit certifying that he, as a manufacturer of the

particular bale or package of wiping cloths, has complied with all rules and regulations of the state and

city health departments. The manufacturer also certifies that the wipers contained in a given shipment are

correct in weight, and that he has complied with all of

the recommendations promulgated by NAWCM.

Concerning enforcement of specifications, labels

and affidavits, the association relies chiefly upon the

integrity of its members, each of whom pledges himself to comply with association standards in the sale

of any bale or carton of wiping cloths carrying or accompanied by the association label or affidavit. A

Complaints Committee investigates any alleged failure

to conform. Violation of the pledge is punishable by

expulsion from the association, with attendant loss of

the privilege of using the association label and affidavit. During recent years several committees of the

association have cooperated with technical committees of the Navy Department and General Services

Administration in preparation of specifications for purchase of wiping cloths for Federal agencies.

Formerly: Sanitary Institute of America.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON

STANDARD MEDICAL VOCABULARY,

2802 Mermaid Avenue,

Brooklyn, New York 11224

The National Association on Standard Medical

Vocabulary is a nonprofit organization for the betterment of the medical and allied terminologies. It was

founded by Jakob Edward Schmidt, grammatolatorphilologist-author of Charlestown, Indiana in 1960.

The organization has grown to include over 7,000

educators, scientists and philosophers and is totally

dedicated to the standardization of modern American

medical vocabulary. Assistance is given to the editors

and publishers of directories, dictionaries, and compendia dealing with medical terminology.

NATIONAL AUDIO-VISUAL

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

3150 Spring Street,

Fairfax, Virginia 22030

The National Audio-Visual Association, Inc. (NAVA), founded in 1939, is the national trade

association of the commercial audio-visual industry

including nonbroadcast television. The membership

consists of dealers selling A-V equipment and materials, film rental libraries, manufacturers of A-V equipment, producers of films and other A-V materials,

publishers, independent manufacturers' representatives

and A-V professional services members. In addition,

the association has a substantial number of associate

members who are interested in audio-visuals but are not commercially connected with the A-V industry.

NAVA is a cosponsor of PH7, Instructional AudioVisual System Standards, of the Photographic Standards Board of the American National Standards Institute. For the past several years the association has

worked exclusively with this committee in standards

making activities, under the guidance and direction of

the association's Technical Standards Committee.

The association has no standards of its own at the

present. Work will begin soon on the standardization

of lapse time counters on audio cassette recorders.

Formerly: National Association of Visual Education Dealers (1947).

NATIONAL AUTOMATIC MERCHANDISING

ASSOCIATION,

7 South Dearborn Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60603

This is the national trade association representing

vending and foodservice management companies,

vending machine manufacturers and the suppliers of

vendible products and component parts. NAMA was

founded in 1936.

NAMA has sponsored since 1957, an Automatic

Merchandising Health-Industry Council whose members and observers represent the U. S. Public Health

Service, Armed Forces, national public health associations, university public health consultants and members of the vending/foodservice management industry.

The Health-Industry Council develops and recom- mends to NAMA standards for the evaluation and

certification of vending machines, certification program controls, research projects and educational

materials.

Two standards developed by the council are used by

public health consultants retained by NAMA at Michigan State University and Indiana University, to evaluate and certify vending machines. They are the

NAMA Vending Machine Evaluation Manual and the

NAMA Standard for Coin-Operated Special Dispensers.The standards contain all machine design and construction requirements of the U.S. Public Health

Service's Vending of Food and Beverages (1957,

amended 1965) together with additional sanitary and

safety requirements recommended by the HealthIndustry Council.

The NAMA standards and certification activities are recognized nationally by public health and military

agencies and are cited in a number of Federal and

local vending sanitation regulations.

NAMA publishes listings of certified vending

machines, administrative controls, research studies

and educational materials which concern public

health and safety.

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NATIONAL AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER AND

FIRE CONTROL ASSOCIATION,

277 Park Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The primary objective of this association (NAS and

FCA), is the advancement of the art of automatic

control of fire through automatic sprinklers, and the

conservation of life and property from fire. This organization is a national trade association of automatic

sprinkler manufacturers and installers. It was founded

in 1914.

The association cooperates with national technical

bodies in the preparation of standards and fire protection sections of building codes and ordinances. It has

64 representatives on 54 important National Fire Protection Association committees. These committees set standards for design, installation, inspection, and maintenance of automatic sprinklers. The association cooperates in the design, installation and maintenance of

standpipes and hose systems and of private underground systems supplying water for fire extinguishment, including the character and adequacy of water

supplies and the selection, installation, and mainte- nance of valves, hydrants, monitor nozzles, hose and

accessory equipments, as well as the supervision of

valves controlling water supply for fire protection.

The association concerns itself with the design and

construction of hose houses and fire department procedure in fighting fires in buildings equipped with

automatic sprinklers. In this respect, it publishes

regular editions of a News Bulletin and an internal

Industry Bulletin. To further that end, the association

engages in a program of lectures to state fire schools

and fire chiefs' associations.

It cooperates with the American Insurance Association, Insurance Services Office, Underwriters' Laboratories (UL), and Factory Mutual Engineering and

Research relative to the formulation of standards,

specifications and regulations for fire apparatus and

their use. The association is officially represented on sectional

committees functioning under the procedure of the

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

engaged in the development and revision of the following subjects: code for pressure piping, pipe threads,

and pipe flanges and fittings.

The NAS and FCA is a member of the Southern

Building Code Congress, the International Confer- ence of Building Officials and Code Administrators

International. One of the objectives of the association

is to maintain consistency between codes and standards and coordinate the industry's activities in the

model code field with those in the standard making

bodies, including National Fire Protection Association, American Society for Testing and Materials,

American National Standards Institute, Underwriters'

Laboratories, Factory Mutual System and other standard making organizations, which from time-to-time,

affect the automatic sprinkler industry.

NATIONAL AUTOMOBILE THEFT BUREAU,

30 East 42nd Street,

New York, New York 10017

This bureau, founded in 1912, is a service organization supported by more than 450 insurance companies, writing automobile fire and theft insurance.

Although its primary purpose is to locate stolen

cars, it is also a leader in the promotion of auto theft

prevention activities. The bureau, designated by the

International Association of Chiefs of Police as its clearing house on automobile theft information,

maintains a nationwide stolen vehicle file. This information is made available on a 24 hour a day, 7 days a week basis to law enforcement agencies by teletype,

telephone, message switching and direct entry into

regional law enforcement banks.

The bureau cooperates with all automobile manufacturers in the adoption of a standard vehicle identification number as well as in a standard method of

stamping and affixing such numbers.

In addition, it prints and distributes to law enforcement agencies a Motor Vehicle Identification Manual,

a Commercial Vehicle Identification Manual, and

Manual for the Investigation of Automobile Fires.

The services of the bureau are for the benefit, not

only of insurance companies and law enforcement

agencies, but of the entire motoring public.

NATIONAL BOARD OF BOILER AND

PRESSURE VESSEL INSPECTORS,

1155 North High Street,

Columbus, Ohio 43201

The board, founded in 1919, confines its membership to persons charged with enforcement of the

boiler and pressure vessel laws in various states, municipalities in the United States with over 1,000,-

000 population, and the Canadian provinces. The

board operates in the following areas of standardization: (a) boiler and pressure vessel law enforcement;

(b) uniform boiler laws and rules throughout the

jurisdiction of its members; (c) uniform qualifications

for boiler and pressure vessel inspectors, including

identical examinations conducted simultaneously

throughout the United States and Canada; (d) uniform stamping of boilers and pressure vessels that are inspected during construction by such boiler and pres- sure inspectors who hold valid National Board commissions; and (e) uniform relieving capacity ratings of

safety valves and pressure relief valves for boiler and

unfired pressure vessel service.

All states, municipalities and Canadian provinces

that have boiler and pressure vessel laws, recognize

the National Board inspector's commission and

National Board stamping on boilers and pressure

vessels as meeting their safety law requirements for

new construction. Transfer of such objects between

states is implemented by National Board stamping.

Relieving capacities of safety valves and pressure relief

115
valves as certified by the National Board of Boiler

and Pressure Vessel Inspectors, is used by the various

state, municipal and provincial jurisdictions to determine adequate volumetric relief of the pressurized

medium in event of runaway conditions.

When requested by the States, Canadian Provinces,

or the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee,

the board makes shop surveys, reviews, evaluates,

audits, investigates and makes unannounced shop

visits. The National Board publications are: National

Board Inspection Code, 1971; National Board Boiler

BlowofE Equipment, 1968; Relieving Capacities of

Safety Valves and Relief Valves, 1970; and the

National Board Information Booklet.

The board works with the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessel

Code; the U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ; the U.S.

Coast Guard and the Atomic Energy Commission

(AEC) in the development of safety standards, codes

and uniform safety inspections.

NATIONAL BUILDERS' HARDWARE

ASSOCIATION,

1815 North Fort Myer Drive,

Rosslyn, Virginia 22209

This association, founded in 1934, serves the interests of 500 builders' hardware and/or door distributors

in the United States and Canada and selected overseas

locations. One of its active programs is the promotion

of standardization of hardware locations and installation. Twelve location standards have been promulgated through the American National Standards

Institute and numbered American National Standards A115.1 through A115.12.

As the only national trade association for builders'

hardware and/or the door distribution industry, the

scope of standards is national.

Standards are promoted through Doors and Hardware, the industry trade journal (circulation 10,000)

and through voluntary self-compliance among industry manufacturers and distributors. New standards,

including locations for tubular deadlocks, are in

process.

Formerly: National Contract Hardward Association

(1954).

NATIONAL CABLE TELEVISION

ASSOCIATION, INC.

918 Sixteenth Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The National Cable Television Association

(NCTA) has since 1952, represented the increasingly

complex interests of the growing cable television industry before Congress and Federal agencies, in courts of

law, and before state regulatory agencies in dialogues

with other industries and groups. Through the news media we have successfully conveyed the industry's

message to the general public.

Our greatest service to members and to industry is in the strength of our unified voice.

The Engineering Department administers NCTA's

standardization activities. Current standards issued by

NCTA are our NCTA Engineering Standards which

cover the areas of Visual Carrier Level, Amplifier Distortion, Graphic Symbols, the Standards Numbering

System, and Noise Level in Cable Systems. The

active standards committees and new projects are: C-TAC (Cable Television Advisory Committee) ; EIA/CTSC (Cable Television Systems Communications) ; NEC (National Electric Code) ; and the JCIC

(Joint Committee on Inter-Society Coordination). We

promote the use of our standards through our Bulletin,

Expos, and training centers. Internationally, NCTA

participates in subcommittees of the International

Electrotechnical Commission, and with the Government, is involved with the Federal Communications

Commission.

Formerly: National Community Television Association (1969).

NATIONAL CANNERS' ASSOCIATION,

1133 20th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

NCA was founded in 1907, by commercial packers

of food products in hermetically sealed containers,

sterilized by heat.

This organization maintains a liaison with the

National Conference on Weights and Measures for

the purpose of developing constructive and uniform

laws and regulations on the state level. In addition,

to develop improvements in the products, processes,

quality control measures, spoilage prevention and sanitation techniques used in the canning industry, the

association maintains research laboratories in Berkeley, California; Seattle, Washington; and Washington,

D.C.

NCA is an active participant in a program of developing an international standard of food cans. This

activity is under the auspices of the International

Organization for Standardization (ISO) with the

secretariat residing in the British Standards Institution. The American National Standards Institute

(ANSI) has designated NCA as the delegate to the

ISO Technical Committee, ISO/TC 52—Hermetically

Sealed Food Containers.

Formed by merger of: Atlantic State Canners' Association and the Western Packers' Association (1907).

NATIONAL CARGO BUREAU, INC.,

One World Trade Center,

New York, New York 10048

National Cargo Bureau, Inc. (NCB) was founded

in 1952. It is dedicated to the safe loading, stowing,

securing and unloading of cargo and cargo containers on all vessels, and for the design, strength, safety and

suitability of cargo handling gear and cargo containers,

including the security and integrity of containers.

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The bureau is a nonprofit organization whose membership is comprised mainly of persons who are prominently identified with steamship management or marine insurance underwriting organizations.

Internationally, the bureau participates in activities

of the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative

Organization (IMCO) by being active on the IMCO

Maritime Safety Committee, the Subcommittee on

Containers and Cargoes (formerly the Bulk Cargoes

Subcommittee) and the Subcommittee on the Carriage of Dangerous Goods. This subcommittee

recently completed its work in revising the international regulations for the carriage of bulk grain.

NCB is authorized to assist the U.S. Coast Guard

in administering the provisions of the Dangerous

Cargo Act and the applicable regulations in Title 46,

of the Code of Federal Regulations, Shipping, with

respect to: inspection of vessels for suitability for

loading dangerous cargo; examination of stowage of

dangerous cargo; making recommendations as to stowage requirements of dangerous cargo; and issuance of

certificate of loading setting forth that the stowage of

dangerous cargo is in accordance with the regulations.

The bureau is also authorized by the U.S. Coast

Guard to certify the loading of bulk grain cargoes and

to approve grain loading plans in accordance with cur- rent regulations. The bureau is officially recognized

by the Coast Guard and the Department of Labor as a cargo gear certification agency. National Cargo

Bureau is national in scope and has offices in all principal seaports in the United States. Absorbed: Bureau of Inspection of Board of Underwriters of New York; Board of Marine Underwriters of

San Francisco (1952).

NATIONAL CLAY PIPE INSTITUTE,

350 West Terra Cotta Avenue,

Crystal Lake, Illinois 60014

The National Clay Pipe Institute (NCPI) is a

national nonprofit organization incorporated in 1944.

The association members are vitrified clay pipe manufacturers throughout the United States, as well as associate member companies in several foreign countries. The NCPI renders engineering advisory services

to design engineers. Government officials and others.

It conducts scientific research, national advertising

and public relations programs on behalf of the industry. The institute maintains a research laboratory

located at Crystal Lake, Illinois. Research programs

are occasionally conducted at various independent

research laboratories and universities.

The institute publishes a textbook Clay Pipe Engineering Manual for engineers, city and state officials and architects. Also, the institute publishes various

additional technical brochures of an educational

nature relating to the use of vitrified clay pipe in

sanitary sewer systems. The institute also produces

colored 16 mm films showing the details of clay pipe

manufacturing, recommended methods of sewer construction and related subjects. These films are available for industry and public use.

NCPI is active in the American Society for Testing

and Materials, the American National Standards Insti- tute and the American Association of State Highway

Officials. It also assists in the development of Federal

specifications.

Formerly : National Clay Pipe Manufacturers.

THE NATIONAL CLAY POT

MANUFACTURERS,

P.O. Box 384,

Jackson, Missouri 63755

The National Clay Pot Manufacturers, Incorporated, was established in 1956 to "act to stimulate

professional and public interest in the uses and advantages of clay flower pots and in the modern techniques

employed in their manufacture and productuion." The

organization was incorporated as a Missouri not-forprofit corporation. One of the activities of the organization is the standardization of sizes and shapes of

clay flower pots manufactured in the United States. Being a small organization, the group acts as a committee of the whole to effect standardization of sizes

and shapes of clay flower pots manufactured in this

country. The activities of the association have resulted

in greater standards than have ever been known by

the manufacturers of red clay flower pots.

NATIONAL COMMITTEE ON UNIFORM

TRAFFIC LAWS AND ORDINANCES,

1776 Massachusetts Avenue NW,

Suite 430,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The committee, established in 1926, maintains the

Uniform Vehicle Code and Model Traffic Ordinance

as standards for quality and uniformity among state and local motor vehicle and traffic laws. It also publishes documents showing differences among state laws and encourages adoption of these standards. In

areas of emerging or experimental interest, the committee prepares model state laws.

The National Committee cooperates in efforts to achieve international agreement of traffic laws and is involved with the U.S. Department of Transportation's

highway safety program.

Organized in 1947 to continue work begun in 1925,

the committee has over 130 members including legislators, police officers, traffic engineers, highway offi- cials, motor vehicle administrators, governors'

highway safety representatives, judges, prosecutors, city

attorneys, educators, physicians, mayors, county offi- cials and attorneys general, insurance companies,

motor clubs, safety councils, manufacturers, dealers,

trade associations, unions, national transportation

associations and other individuals and groups interested in achieving sound, uniform motor vehicle laws

and regulations.

Formerly: National Conference on Street and Highway Safety (1947).

117
NATIONAL CONCRETE MASONRY

ASSOCIATION,

1800 North Kent Street,

P.O. Box 9185,

Rosslyn Station,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The National Concrete Masonry Association, established in 1920, is a nonprofit trade association representing concrete masonry manufacturers throughout

the United States, Canada and 21 other countries. Its functions are to encourage the development of the art and science of manufacturing concrete masonry, to create a standard of excellence in manufacture, to develop criteria for the proper use of concrete masonry

products, to encourage such use, and facilitate the

acquirement and interchange of practical knowledge

among its members and related industries and

organizations.

The standardization activities of the association are developed by the Technical and Specifications Review

Committees and are subject to approval by the Board

of Directors. In addition, the association maintains

continuing liaison and participation in the standardization and specification activities of the major

national code bodies in the U.S., the American Society

for Testing and Materials and the American Concrete

Institute. Liaison and product specification assistance

is also conducted on a regular basis with agencies of

the Federal Government including the National

Bureau of Standards, Departments of Housing and

Urban Development, Defense, Commerce, Agriculture, Health, Education and Welfare, and with the

Corps of Engineers, Veterans Administration, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics

and Space Administration and the Federal Aviation

Administration.

The National Concrete Masonry Association is the

only national organization representing the interests

of the concrete masonry industry.

Absorbed: Autoclave Building Products Association.

NATIONAL COTTONSEED PRODUCTS

ASSOCIATION,

2400 Poplar Avenue,

P.O. Box 12023,

Memphis, Tennessee 38112

This association maintains, for members, trading

rules which contain standards of quality, weight and

measurement of all cottonseed products, and general

terms and conditions applicable to buyers and sellers who are association members, both domestic and foreign. In addition to defining product grade and quality, the association's rules provide for adjustments,

packaging, performance of contracts, weighing, sampling and inspection service, chemical analysis and

arbitration of differences.

The association has a chemists' committee composed of qualified oil chemists, which must approve

methods of chemical analysis before they are incorporated into the trading rules. A committee on seed

grading cooperates with the U. S. Department of

Agriculture in providing methods for the evaluations

of cottonseed.

The research committee regularly reviews research on cottonseed and cottonseed products and recom- mends lines of work for support by the association; a research fellowship is maintained at the New Orleans

Laboratory of the Agriculture Research Service and

grants are made to several universities and other

research agencies.

The association works with the Association of

American Feed Control Officials to standardize regulations governing the labeling and marketing of cotton- seed cake and meal.

Trading rules activity may involve as much as ten percent of the association's program of work. A

Trading Rules book is published annually. The trading

rules also cover sunflower seed and peanut oil at the

refining level. Special rules are used in exports of

cottonseed oil. No other international standard activity is undertaken.

The association certifies official chemists, weighers

and inspectors.

The scope of activities for the members of this

association covers may common problem areas such

as transportation, insurance, product promotion and raw material development.

Members of all committees are included in the

Rules book. Copies may be obtained from the association for a nominal charge.

Founded in 1897 as the Interstate Cottonseed

Crushers' Association, the organization was reorganized and adopted its present name in 1929.

NATIONAL CRUSHED STONE

ASSOCIATION,

1415 Elliot Place NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20007

This association cooperates with national technical

organizations in standardizing specifications, methods

of test, and recommended practices involving the use

of crushed stone. It is represented on technical committees of the American Society for Testing and

Materials dealing with concrete and concrete aggregates, road and paving materials, and mortars for

unit masonry. The association actively participates in

the technical committee work primarily concerned

with the development of recommended practices of

the American Concrete Institute, the American Railway Engineering Association, and the Highway

Research Board of the National Research Council.

Through a joint committee composed of representatives of the National Sand and Gravel Association, the

National Slag Association, and this association, a simplification program was initiated under the auspices

of the National Bureau of Standards which resulted in

the establishment of Simplified Practice Recommendations R147-42 (withdrawn 10-23-72), on wire diameters for mineral aggregate production screens and

R163-48 on coarse aggregate (crushed stone, gravel,

and slag) sizes. In continuation of the cooperative

118
effort of the three mineral aggregates associations, a Joint Technical Committee of representatives of the

technical staffs of these associations has been formed

for the purpose of coordinating and combining the

technical work on problems of mutual interest.

THE NATIONAL EASTER SEAL SOCIETY

FOR CRIPPLED CHILDREN AND ADULTS,

2023 West Ogden Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60612

The National Easter Seal Society, founded in 1956,

is a federation of separately incorporated affiliates united in a common cause: serving the needs of

America's handicapped. Together, this network of

2,000 state and local affiliates, chapters and committees in all States, Puerto Rico and Washington,

D.C., has achieved worldwide recognition as the oldest and largest voluntary agency providing services to handicapped children and adults. These services relate

to the individual as well as the environment in which

the handicapped person functions.

The National Easter Seal Society, in cooperation

with the President's Committee on Employment of

the Physically Handicapped, works toward the elimination of architectural barriers across the nation by:

(1) increasing public awareness of the opportunities

denied the handicapped for participation in community life because of architectural barriers; (2) stimulating community action to provide accessibility in

public buildings, transportation and housing to the

disabled; and (3) assuring the elimination of architectural barriers by influencing legislation, building

codes and regulations.

As pioneers in a movement to make the United

States a more humane society, the National Easter

Seal Society for Crippled Children and Adults, in the

late 1950's, initiated the establishment of the Steering

Committee to develop standards for accessibility for

the handicapped. Representatives of more than 50

organizations concerned with design and building construction were brought together for the purpose of

determining such standards. Today, the committee's

end product, the American National Standard Specifications for Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible to, and Usable by, the Physically Handicapped, is the

basis for Public Law 90-480 and its counterpart in 48

states as well as for the building codes adopted by numerous municipalities across the country.

The National Easter Seal Society through its liaison

with the American Institute of Architects, channels

information to the American National Standards

Institute (ANSI) for continuous review of standards

(American National Standard A117-1961 R1971).

Also, in cooperation with the President's Committee

on Employment of the Handicapped, the Easter Seal

Society, the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban

Affairs and the U. S. Department of Transportation,

the Easter Seal Society promotes the development of

standards in housing and transportation to assure

accessibility for the handicapped population of the

United States.

Formerly: National Society for Crippled Children

and Adults (1967).

NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION,

1201 16th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The National Education Association (NEA) of the

United States, a private, nonprofit, nongovernmental

organization, was founded August 26, 1857 under the

name The National Teachers' Association. The name

was changed to the National Education Association

of the United States on November 6, 1886. NEA is a

professional organization of approximately 1.4 million

educators; 52 state-level and 9000 local associations are affiliates. The purpose of NEA is to elevate the character

and advance the interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the cause of popular education in

the United States. Approximately 7 percent of the total program is devoted to standardization activities. The basic aim of

NEA is professional excellence. This goal is to develop

principles and procedures that lead to the improvement of instruction, professional development, and

self-governance for the profession and for teachers.

NEA is a member of the World Confederation of

Organizations of the Teaching Profession.

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS'

ASSOCIATION,

7315 Wisconsin Avenue,

Washington, D.C. 20014

The National Electrical Contractors' Association

(NECA) which was founded in 1901, is the nationwide trade association representing the electrical contracting industry. Standards activities are under the

guidance of the association's Codes and Standards

Committee.

The National Electrical Code is a stabilizing force

in the electrical construction industry. It sets the basic

standards for electrical equipment and materials and

the methods of their installation. One of the first projects of NECA after its formation in 1901 was to secure the electrical contractors right to a voice in the

formulating of the electrical code rules. Today, more

than 70 years later, electrical contractors, through

NECA, have representation on the Correlating Committee and all of the code making panels of the

National Electrical Code Committee which is responsible for the development, revision and promotion of

the National Electrical Code. NECA also represents

electrical contractors on the group responsible for the

development of the National Electrical Safety Code,

which is concerned with outside construction.

The development of electrical material and equipment standards and their inspection and approval are

of important concern to electrical contractors. Electrical contractors are represented on related committees of the American National Standards Institute

through NECA representation on such committees.

119
Adequate and clear electrical specifications and drawings facilitate both the estimating and installation of

electrical installations. Through NECA participation on

related American National Standards Committees and

in the activities of other associations such as the

Construction Specifications Institute, the electrical contractor's views are represented.

The promotion of better wiring standards requires

technical standards whether the application is resi- dential, commercial or industrial. Developing standards of adequacy is the function of the NECA

Technical Service which maintains competent representation on interindustry and other standards agencies. A NECA Standard of Installation which defines

good workmanship has been developed for inclusion

in specifications for electrical installations. It is also

used as an authoritative guide to determine the "neat

and workmanlike manner" requirements of the

National Electrical Code.

The prevention and reduction of accidents to elec- trical workers has always been important to electrical contractors. The recent Federal legislation on occupational safety and health has made it a necessity.

NECA provides continuing information to its members on OSHA requirements and developments and

represents the electrical contractors' viewpoints to the

Federal Agencies.

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

155 East 44th Street,

New York, New York 10017

This is a trade association of manufacturers of

almost every kind of equipment and apparatus used

for the generation, transmission, distribution and

utilization of electric power. The membership of

NEMA comprises over 500 of the major electrical

manufacturing companies in the country. The membership is limited by its constitution to corporations,

firms and individuals actively engaged in the manufacture for sale in the open market of products

included with the product scope of one or more of

the 80 NEMA product subdivisions. It may therefore

be considered an aggregation of product sections, each

representing a group of manufacturers of certain

classes of products, such as motors and generators,

steam turbines, transformers, wire and cable, switchgear, industrial control, and building equipment

products. Sections with related interests are organized

into seven divisions.

NEMA has published over 200 separate standards

publications for electrical apparatus and equipment

in the following classifications: illuminating equipment, signalling and communication equipment,

industrial apparatus, building equipment and supplies,

insulating materials, insulated wire and cable, generation, transmission and distribution equipment.

A considerable amount of NEMA standardization

activity is in cooperation with other organizations

engaged in standardization. Standards of interest to NEMA are developed in cooperation with other industries or other branches of the electrical industry,

through such agencies as the American Society for

Testing and Materials, Edison Electric Institute,

National Fire Protection Association, Underwriters'

Laboratories, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, and other associations, laboratories or Government bodies.

Many electrical product standards originating within

NEMA or initiated by other organizations are of such

national significance as to make desirable their adoption as American National Standards under the procedure established by the American National Standards

Institute (ANSI) which provides participation by and

consideration of the views of all interested groups.

NEMA supports ANSI through participation in its standardizing activities. It has representation on many

standards committees and sponsors several of them.

It addition, it is represented on ANSI Technical

Advisory Board and the Organizational Member

Council.

NEMA participates in the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC), the international body

for the development and approval of recommendations for electrical standards, by means of representation on the U.S. National Committee of the lEC; by

its representatives on the American National Standards

Committees which act as advisory groups to the U.S.

National Committee on the technical provisions of lEC

proposals; and by the presence of its representatives

at meetings of lEC Technical Committees. Through

the U.S. National Committee on Participation in the

International Commission on Rules for the Approval

of Electrical Equipment (CEE), NEMA provides an

observer to the CEE, a European safety organization. In addition to products standards, NEMA is vitally

concerned with and participates in the development

of safety standards affecting electrical equipment.

There are two principal codes dealing with electrical

safety: the National Electrical Code (American

National Standard CI) developed by the National Fire

Protection Association and dealing with installations

in and around buildings, and the National Electrical

Safety Code (American National Standard C2) sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards and dealing

with power houses, substations, overhead and underground lines. NEMA cooperates with other branches

of the industry in an effort to secure acceptance

throughout the country of nationally recognized

standards for safe construction and installation. Its members also cooperate in an advisory capacity with

the Underwriters' Laboratories in the development of

standards for electrical safety.

NEMA, upon invitation, furnishes the military and

other governmental standardizing bodies information

and recommendations for use in the preparation of

their initial drafts or revisions of various Federal and

military specifications affecting products within its scope.

Formed by merger of: Electric Power Club; Associated Manufacturers of Electrical Supplies.

120
NATIONAL ELEVATOR INDUSTRY, INC.,

600 Third Avenue,

New York, New York 10016

The National Elevator Industry (NEII) was

founded in 1934. Two committees of this organization

are concerned with the development of standards and

codes. The Standards Committee is concerned with the

development of elevator engineering standards and

the Central Code Committee is concerned with all phases of safety codes that pertain to elevators,

dumbwaiters, escalators and moving walks.

The Standards Committee has formulated standard

layouts for the industry. These layouts give standard

car sizes and hoistway and machine room dimensions

for various types of elevators.

The Central Code Committee is concerned with the

preparations, interpretation, revision and adoption of

all safety codes for elevators, dumbwaiters, escalators

and moving walks. This committee, working through

regional subcommittees throughout the country, takes an active part in securing the adoption of new state and city elevator safety codes, the revision of existing

codes, and securing uniform interpretation of code

rules conforming to the American National Standard

A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators. Working in conjunction with the American Standards Association (ASA,

and now the American National Standards Institute

ANSI) A17 Sectional Committee, NEII assisted in the

development and subsequent revision of ASA A17.1

American Standard Safety Code for Elevators, Dumbwaiters and Escalators and in its publication by the

American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1925

as an American Standard, and of the ASA A17.2

American Standard Practice for the Inspection of Elevators first approved by ASA and published by ASME

in 1945.

Formerly: National Elevator Manufacturing Industry (1969).

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

ASSOCIATION,

1600 Pennsylvania,

Denver, Colorado 80203

The National Environmental Health Association

(NEHA), founded in 1937, is a nonprofit nongovernmental organization working toward raising educational

employment and performance standards for the profession. Until 1969, it was known as the National

Association of Sanitarians. It is composed of 47 state associations with a coordinating national office in

Denver, Colorado. This office publishes the Journal of

Environmental Health, a bimonthly, which is distributed to members, subscribers, and institutions, as well as to individuals in 57 countries. The association is very active in the field of education and has a National

Accreditation Council which has developed an accreditation program for environmental health curricula in

four-year colleges and universities. Similar guidelines

and sample curricula have been set up for two-year

programs. NEHA is also actively sponsoring a national

registration program for sanitarians in conjunction

with the Professional Examination Service of New

York. The association is in the process of developing

standards for a national certification program for

food service owners and operators. This new program

will include a textbook, a self-inspection manual and

a movie. Annually, the association sponsors an educational conference where members come to hear

nationally recognized speakers and participate in the

activities and reports of over 45 committees. Listings

of committees and committee members can be found

in the November/December issue of the Journal of

Environmental Health.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

CONTRACTORS' ASSOCIATION,

1501 Wilson Boulevard,

Arlin^on, Virginia 22209

In 1968 the National Warm Air Heating and Air

Conditioning Association merged with the Airconditioning and Refrigeration Contractors of America to form the National Environmental Systems Contractors'

Association (NESCA).

The main purpose of NESCA is to provide important and useful services to firms, corporations or individuals who design, install, service or repair

heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems. A

major function of this association is the development

of standards for the design and installation of warm

air heating and air-conditioning systems. Standards

are published in practical manual form. Many of the

manuals have been adopted as standards of design

and installation by the Federal Housing Administration. These manuals are regularly updated by a committee of contractors and engineer-representatives of

manufacturers.

NESCA's Manpower Committee recently established,

in conjunction with the Department of Labor, the

National Apprenticeship Standards for Environmental

Control Systems Craftsmen (Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning Technician). The standards have been

approved and registered by the Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training, Manpower Administration, U.S.

Department of Labor. The standards are designed as a guideline for establishing local apprentice programs

for the training of installation craftsmen for the

heating and air-conditioning industry. This program is only available to contractors who are members of

NESCA. As a point of information, NESCA's Manpower Committee works only in behalf of those

contractors who operate within the merit shop or open shop segment of our industry. Thus, these

standards pertain only to the merit shop contractors

and in no way affect NESCA contractors who are signatory with any union.

121
NATIONAL FEDERATION OF

LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSES, INC.,

250 West 57th Street,

New York, New York 10023

The National Federation of Licensed Practical

Nurses was founded in 1949 as a nonprofit corporation designed to: represent licensed practical nurses

in the health field; establish policy and standards for

practical nursing; develop and promote continuing

education for licensed practical nurses; insure the

public that good standards of nursing would be

observed; and to cooperate with allied health groups

in working to improve health care for the people.

The membership of the National Federation is composed of licensed practical nurses in 40 constituent

state associations, and individual members in 10

states. The Education Committee works cooperatively with

the National Licensed Practical Nurses Education

Foundation, the education and research arm of

NFLPN, in developing guidelines for continuing education and serves as an information resource for

licensed practical nurses and allied health groups.

The NFLPN supports the National League for

Nursing (NLN) as the recognized agency for accreditation of practical nursing programs. NLN uses the

NFLPN Statement of Functions and Qualifications of

the Licensed Practical Nurse as one of the criteria for

accreditation.

NFLPN works cooperatively with NLN and supports its efforts in the improvement of curriculum,

development of faculty and research in practical

nursing and development of practical nursing programs. NFLPN contributes to the development of

standards for practical nursing through representation on the Steering Committee of the NLN.

NATIONAL FEDERATION OF STATE

HIGH SCHOOLS ASSOCIATIONS,

400 Leslie Street,

Elgin, Illinois 60120

The National Federation, which now represents over 22,000 high schools and nearly 10,000,000

secondary school students, was organized in 1921

primarily to secure proper adherence to the eligibility

rules of the various state high school associations

during interstate competition. Definite standards for

sanctioning domestic athletic events have been established and are enforced by the National Federation.

Playing rules are written by committees of secondary school personnel and are published and distributed

by the National Federation for domestic competition

in 14 interscholastic sports; for boys: baseball, basketball, football, gymnastics, soccer, swimming and

diving, track and field, volleyball and wrestling; for

girls: basketball, gymnastics, swimming and diving,

track and field and volleyball. Sixty-six rules related

publications are published by the National Federation

(nearly all on an annual basis), including 26 rule

books and 14 rule examinations.

Of primary concern in writing athletic rules for

high school competition is adapting the playing rules

to the abilities of secondary school athletes. Standards

of safety are regularly scrutinized and revised for this

purpose and are incorporated in the rule publications. In addition, the National Operating Committee for

Safety in Athletic Equipment was formed in 1970 by

the National Federation and other athletic organizations.

The various state high school associations which

use the National Federation rule codes are responsible

for their enforcement. The National Federation provides national interpretations of the rules. Statements of general standards and policy are contained in the official handbook of the National

Federation of State High School Associations. The

current rule publication list is obtainable from the

National Federation headquarters.

Formerly: National Federation of State High

School Athletic Associations (1970)

.

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION

ASSOCIATION,

470 Atlantic Avenue,

Boston, Massachusetts 02210

This association is a nonprofit, technical and educational organization to promote the science and

improve the methods of fire protection. Organized in

1896, the association now enjoys a membership which

includes 180 national and regional organizations, and

approximately 28,500 individuals, firms, and corporations.

One of the main functions of NFPA is in the

standards making field under which codes, standards,

and recommended practices are developed as guides

to engineered protection for reducing loss of life and

property by fire. The other principal function is to educate the public in fire prevention to reduce mancaused fires. The standards activity is handled by 162 committees and sectional committees whose membership is comprised of approximately 2,100 individuals representing qualified international, national and regional

organizations, NFPA sections or technical committees,

and individuals especially qualified to serve on the

basis of their personal knowledge of the subjects. In

addition, committees may have liaison or advisory

members, and corresponding members, the latter group being composed chiefly of individuals who live

outside the North American continent who are in a position to assist in the committee work only through

correspondence.

Fire safety has broad applications and the standards

formulated and adopted by the association cover a wide range of subjects. The standards are combined

and published yearly as National Fire Codes, the

volumes of which are identified as follows: Volume 1, Flammable Liquids; Volume 2, Gases; Volume 3,

Combustible Solids, Dusts and Explosives; Volume 4,

Building Construction and Facilities; Volume 5, Elec122
trical (including the National Electrical Code) ; Volume

6, Sprinklers, Fire Pumps and Water Tanks; Volume

7, Alarms and Special Extinguishing Systems; Volume 8, Portable and Manual Fire Control Equipment;

Volume 9, Occupancy Standards and Process Hazards; Volume 10, Transportation. The total number

of standards published in these volumes is 226. The

total number of pages in the National Fire Codes (in

their most recent editions) is 9,500 pages.

These codes and standards are nationally recognized and widely adopted by the Federal, state and

local governments. A number of the standards issued

by NFPA are subsequently submitted to and approved

by the American National Standards Institute. Typical

of these standards are the National Electrical Code, the

Life Safety Code, and a series of codes on Dust

Explosion Hazards.

Being an international organization with members

in more than 80 countries, NFPA is involved in many

international programs. In their standards making

field, the NFPA participates in the International

Organization for Standardization and the Canadian

Electrical Code Committee.

Many agencies of the Federal Government serve on

the technical committees of the association and many

agencies use NFPA technical committee documents

for various purposes. These agencies include the

Departments of Labor, Health, Education, and Welfare, National Bureau of Standards, General Services

Administration, Housing and Urban Development and

the Veterans Administration.

NATIONAL FLAXSEED PROCESSORS'

ASSOCIATION,

Box 246,

Littleton, North Carolina 27850

This association, consisting of flaxseed processors

producing linseed oil and meal, contributes to the

development of national standards for flaxseed and

flaxseed products. The association itself, and through

its members, cooperates in the development of test methods and specifications which are ultimately

approved and issued by Government agencies and

organizations such as the American Society for Test- ing and Materials and the American Oil Chemists'

Society. Publications to date include Trading Rules

Governing Purchase and Sale of Linseed Oil and Linseed Meal.

NATIONAL FLUID POWER

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

P.O. Box 49,

Thiensville, Wisconsin 53092

This association, founded in 1953, sponsors standards for the fluid power industry in the United States.

It also sponsors the American National Standards

Committee B93, Fluid Power Systems and Components, through which NFPA and other fluid power

standards are processed to become American National

Standards. In addition, NFPA serves as the secretariat

(designated by the American National Standards

Institute—ANSI) for Technical Committee 131, Fluid

Power Systems and Components, of the International

Organization for Standardization (ISO).

National in scope, the association sponsors some 50

current fluid power standards, issued separately and

in a comprehensive 900-page publication of aU NFPA,

ANSI, and ISO fluid power standards.

The association's standards program is administered

by the NFPA Technical Board, under the direction of

which are organized 25 separate sections or committees, and some 150 project groups. NFPA standards cover dimensions, specifications, methods of testing or

rating, terminology, symbols, and procedures for sys- tems as well as individual components, including

fluid power cylinders, valves, pumps, motors, sealing

devices, conductors, fittings, filters, fluids, servovalves,

accumulators, and pneumatic logic devices.

A certification program is underway for pressure

and fatigue rating of fluid power components.

An index listing of all NFPA and ANSI fluid power

standards is available from the association upon

request.

Standards activities account for half of the total association programs.

NATIONAL FOREST PRODUCTS

ASSOCIATION,

1619 Massachusetts Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

This association is national in scope, and was originally founded in 1902 under the name National

Lumber Manufacturers' Association. In 1965, the

present name was adopted.

NFPA represents the interest of more than 1200

producers of forest products, particularly in the areas

of Federal regulations and policies that affect the for- est products industry. This association is a federation

of 24 affiliated wood associations.

Most of the participation in standardization activities is carried on by the NFPA Technical Services

Division. This association prepares and distributes

various standards for the use of lumber and wood

products. Prominent among these are the National

Design Specification for Stress-Grade Lumber and Its Fastenings, Wood Structural Design Data booklet.

Maximum Spans for Joists and Rafters in Residential

Construction, Wood Construction Data Series, and

Technical Report Series. NFPA is directly involved

with the four major model building codes groups, the

Model Code Standardization Committee, in the development and revision of various codes to provide practical, economical code requirements for the building

community and enforcing jurisdictions.

This association is not involved to a significant extent in international programs, except for a representation on a few American National Standards

Committees developing international standards.

123
NFPA provides technical input to various Federal

construction standards, such as the following: HUDFHA Minimum Property Standards; DoD Tri-Services

Military Family Housing Specifications; DoD Construction Criteria Manual; General Services Administration Construction Specifications; and Health,

Education and Welfare Construction Standards.

Many other miscellaneous Government and military

construction standards are reviewed by NFPA and its federated associations. In addition, this association is active with the National Conference of States on

Building Codes and Standards, the Model Code Standardization Council, the One and Two Family Dwelling

Code and other similar groups.

NFPA is represented on the American National

Standards Z34 Certification Committee, and is active

in various standards committees, code and Government organizations that are considering new certification accreditation procedures.

The various regional and species associations that are federated with NFPA prepare and publish grading

rules adapted to their respective species which are then used for the grading of lumber. These associations also develop a variety of product standards.

The association has continually engaged in the

development of lumber standards by participating

with various committees of the American Society for

Testing and Materials, and the American National

Standards Institute, including those which develop

standard methods for fire endurance test, for building construction and methods for testing building

construction.

THE NATIONAL FORMULARY,

2215 Constitution Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20037

The National Formulary (NF), established in 1888,

is a book of drug standards which since 1906 has

been recognized as an official drug compendium in

the Federal food and drug law, as well as the drug

laws of individiaul states. As such, the standards

prescribed therein are subject to enforcement by

Federal and state drug officials (i.e., the Food and

Drug Administration)

The entire NF program is devoted to standardization activities. The criteria for establishing standards

and specifications, and the procedures followed in

qualifying an article for admission to the NF, are formulated by the NF Board, which is elected by the

Board of Trustees of the American Pharmaceutical

Association (APhA). The association is the national

professional society of individual pharmacists, and it publishes the NF as a service to the public health and

welfare. Acting within the guidelines established by

the NF Board, the NF Committee on Admissions

recommends articles for NF recognition, and the NF

Committee on Specifications assists in developing

standards, specifications, test procedures, and assays.

The NF is a compendium of standards designed to promote the safety, effectiveness, quality, and purity

of drugs and drug dosage forms selected on the basis

of therapeutic value. Such standards include the drug

names, definitions, descriptions, and specifications

including test procedures and assays for the determination of compliance with the standards. NF

standards and specifications are developed and established in such a manner to ensure adequate and

appropriate characteristics of quality, strength, purity,

and identity of the articles to which the respective

standards apply.

For this purpose there are approximately 1,000

separate monographs comprising standards of identity, quality, purity, and strength for individual arti- cles in the currently official National Formulary and

supplements to it. Many of the NF test or assay

procedures require the use of a special reference substance. There are approximatly 250 NF Reference

Standards currently in distribution. The authentic

substances which are distributed as standards of

reference (NF Reference Standards) are in a sense

certified as to their suitability for the intended purpose. Otherwise, it is the responsibility of the drug

manufacturer to ensure that their products meet the

standards provided and are otherwise in compliance

with the specifications developed.

The scope of the standards are national in character by virtue of Federal law. Moreover, each individual

state takes note of these standards in the pertinent

state drug laws thereby making them a requirement

in interstate as well as intrastate commerce. A number of foreign countries, such as Canada, have also

adopted the National Formulary as a legal standard

for drugs marketed, and even in those countries

where the NF is not a standard by law, it is frequently

looked upon as an unofficial or voluntary standard of

reference.

The organization is involved with the World Health

Organization in developing international specifications

for drugs and international nomenclature for the naming of drugs. It also participates to a lesser degree in

programs of the Pan-American Health Organization

and the Federation Internationale Pharmaceutique.

There is considerable involvement with the Federal

Government since the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act specifically provides that marketed drugs in

the United States must comply with standards set forth for them in the NF, that the methods of determining such compliance should be those specified in

the NF, and that the Secretary of the Department of

Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) is assigned

the specific responsibility to ascertain that marketed

drugs are in such compliance. Furthermore, through

APhA, NF jointly participates with several other organizations in sponsoring and conducting a program for

the establishment of standardized nonproprietary

nomenclature for drugs known as the United States

Adopted Names Council (USAN). In all of these

activities, the overwhelming contact is with the Food

and Drug Administration and its various bureaus,

and offices. However, these programs also involve

many other agencies within the Government, such as the Treasury Department (Alcohol and Tobacco Divi124
sion), the Social Security Administration (Medicare

Division), the Justice Department (Drug Enforcement Administration), etc. The NF has long been a leader in efforts to utilize

the metric system to standardize weights and measures

in the United States. The metric system was introduced into the second edition of the NF in 1896, and

since 1960 all units of weights and measures in the

NF have been given only in the metric system.

The principal scope of current activities provides

for the establishment of new monographs or standards

for the National Formulary; proposals of the NF

Board are issued from the NF office on a regular basis,

for public review.

New editions are issued at five year intervals, with

supplements being issued at periodic intervals between

revisions. The National Formulary Thirteenth Edition-1970, (NF XIII), distributed for the APhA by

the Mack Publishing Company of Easton, Pennsylvania, along with five supplements to the volume

which have been issued to date, constitute the latest listing of NF standards. Lists of NF reference standards are available from the office on written request.

NATIONAL HARDWOOD LUMBER

ASSOCIATION,

Suite 1450,

332 South Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60605

One of the principal functions of this organization

(NHLA) since its formation in 1898 has been the

maintenance of standards for the grading of hardwood

lumber, and an inspection staff for the official application of the standards. The 1,500 member firms are

located almost entirely in the United States and Canada, but there is a scattering of members in other

countries of the world.

The association issues biennially a new edition of

the Rules for the Measurement and Inspection of

Hardwood Lumber, Cypress, and Thin Lumber.

NHLA's grade rules are recognized as standard

throughout the world.

The association maintains qualified inspectors in

the principal hardwood markets and producing districts of the United States and Canada who are authorized to issue certificates of inspection of hardwood lumber and cypress, the correctness of the grades

and measurements shown on the certificate being

guaranteed by the financial resources of the association. This official inspection service is available to the

members and nonmembers on government contracts,

including Federal, state or local. Extensive use of this

service has been made by the U. S. Defense Supply

Agency.

A full-time school is maintained in Memphis, Tennessee, by the association for the training of men to be proficient hardwood inspectors. The course of four

months is open to members and nonmembers and

their employees up to 50 in number.

NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL LEATHER

ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box 1485,

Pompano Beach, Florida 33061

The association, through its Engineering and Technical Committees representing its different divisions,

has developed dimensional standards covering leather

belting, mechanical leather packings, certain textile

leathers, etc. These same committees have also prepared standard procedures for testing such physical

characteristics of various industrial leather products as the bond strength of cement used in the fabrication

of leather belting, porosity of leather packings, etc. Through the work of the association, horsepower

rating tables and correction factors have been developed for flat leather belting, which have been adopted

by the entire industry. The association and its committees have cooperated in the preparation of Federal

specifications covering various industrial leather products. NILA is on the American National Standards

Sectional Committee B93 in the development of rec- ommended practices pertaining to sealing devices.

Formerly: American Leather Belting Association

(1926).

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFANT

SERVICES,

Diaper Service Accreditation Council,

2017 Walnut Street,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

The institute is a result of a merger in 1971 of two

national associations, the Diaper Service Industry

Association, and the National Institute of Diaper

Services, organizations that had been in existence

since 1938. The main purpose was to conduct research

into the requirements of diaper processing to meet the

sensitivity of infant skin. An independent accredited

medical laboratory under the supervision of a clinical

pathologist conducted microbiological and patch test studies on infants to establish standards. The laboratory then devised testing procedures by which random

sample diapers can be tested routinely against the

prescribed standards. A diaper service must meet these

standards in order to establish qualification and maintain membership.

Standards are raised from time to time as new

knowledge is revealed by the continuing research program. The diaper test now includes five major areas:

( 1 ) a sanitary score, awarded on the basis of microorganisms found on the sample, either by direct plating or by subculture; if any pathogenic organisms are found, the sample is not acceptable. Nonpathogenic

organisms are permissable only up to 100 colonies;

(2) a pH test by the colorimetric procedure, to show

that the sample meets the acceptable range of 4.5 to 6.5; (3) evidence of impregnation of the sample with an EPA-approved bacteriostat using the PetrocciClarke agar plate test method against Staphylococcus

125
aureus (ATCC 6538) after 24-hour incubation; (4) a softness test with freedom from stiffness or pilling;

and (5) an absorbency test so that water added drop

by drop enters the fabric immediately.

The institute sponsors an autonomous professional

Diaper Service Accreditation Council which has promulgated standards for plant sanitation, customer service, and marketing practice, and which is empowered

to accredit diaper service applicants who go through

self-evaluation and inspection by an independent site committee for evaluation against the standards.

Accredited members must maintain all standards as they may be changed in annual review by the council.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OILSEED

PRODUCTS,

111 Sutter Street,

San Francisco, California 94104

The National Institute of Oilseed Products

(NIOP) was founded in 1934 as a nonprofit organization devoted to promoting the vegetable oils and

vegetable oil products industry.

NIOP keeps its members and those in the industry

informed regarding the uses of vegetable oils and their

products, and the economic conditions affecting their

manufacture, distribution and sale. NIOP maintains and publishes annually, uniform

trading rules containing standard terms and conditions for which the products may be traded. These

rules cover product grade and quality specifications,

quantity specifications, sampling and chemical analysis procedures, adjustments, and settlement of disputes

by arbitration.

The Sampling and Analysis Committee makes

periodic recommendations to the governing board for

revisions in the rules pertaining to sampling and analytical procedures and requirements.

The Rules Committee cooperates with the International Association of Seed Crushers (Europe), Philippine Coconut Oil Producers' Association, Philippine

Copra Exporters' Association, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture in efforts to improve product

quality and establish higher standards of trade practices, which are then incorporated in the rules. The Chemists' Certification Program requires

annual successful completion by approved chemists in

the American Oil Chemists' Society Smalley Check

Sample Series.

Rules books are circulated to each member and to other.interested parties.

NATIONAL KNITWEAR MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

350 Fifth Avenue,

New York, New York 10001

The National Knitwear Manufacturers Association,

founded in 1866, is comprised of manufacturers of

knit underwear, nightwear and allied products such as

sportshirts.

The association's pioneering in the field of standardization dates back to 1920. At that time it began

work on the collection of data, looking toward the

standardization of methods of measuring, measure- ments and tolerances for knit underwear in the interest

of the consumer, as well as the jobber, manufacturer

and retailer. To facilitate this work, the association

detailed one of its employees to the National Bureau

of Standards where for over seven years he collected

and tabulated essential data.

Over the years the NKMA has continued its work

in this field in close cooperation with the U.S. Department of Commerce in developing, establishing and

promoting commercial standards of measurements and

size conformity, and looks forward to a continuation

of this cooperation.

Formerly: National Association of Knit Goods

Manufacturers (1934); Underwear Institute (1968);

and National Knitwear Manufacturers' Institute

(1970).

NATIONAL LEAGUE FOR NURSING, INC.,

10 Columbus Circle,

New York, New York 10019

The National League for Nursing (NLN), formed

in 1893 and under its present name since 1952, was

founded to improve nursing education and service

through a coalition of nurses; allied health providers;

consumers; schools and agencies. NLN fosters com- munity planning for comprehensive health care. Nationally, NLN accredits all types of nursing education programs, and community health nursing services

with the American Public Health Association

(APHA).

The NLN standardization activities are administered by the following four education departments:

Practical Nursing Programs; Diploma Programs; Baccalaureate and Higher Degree Programs; Associate

Degree Programs; and the Home Health Agencies and

Community Health Services, each of which has a

council. The councils are responsible for the formulation of criteria for accreditation. Criteria committees

of the council revise the criteria which is approved

by the councils. Accreditation activities based on the

criteria represent 50 percent of the entire NLN

program.

The National Commission on Accreditation

approved NLN for associate degree baccalaureate and

masters programs. NLN is approved as the accrediting

agency for nursing education programs by the United

States Office of Education. The home health agencies

accreditation is conducted in cooperation with the

APHA.

Formerly: American Society of Superintendents of

Training Schools for Nurses (1893) ; National League

of Nursing Education (1912); National League for

Nursing, Inc.—Incorporated the former National

Organization of Public Health Nursing and the Association of Collegiate Schools of Nursing (1952).

126
NATIONAL LIME ASSOCIATION,

5010 Wisconsin Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20016

The National Lime Association was founded in

1902. In order to assist lime consumers in the most

efficient utilization of quick and hydrated lime, this

association has developed, through association-sponsored research in concert with its Technical Committee, construction guide specifications, materials

specifications, and general recommendations in the

mortar, plaster, stucco, highway, and water purification and pollution abatement fields. In addition, the

association is engaged in committee work with the

American Society for Testing and Materials, American

National Standards Institute, American Road Builders' Association, American Water Works Association,

Highway Research Board, American Concrete Paving

Association, and the American Public Works Association in standards work that involves lime.

Some of the activity is reflected in educationpromotional literature and movies published by the

association. A few examples are: Water Supply and

Treatment; Exterior Masonry Construction; Chemical

Lime Facts; Chemical Treatment of Sewage and

Industrial Wastes; Lime Handling, Application, and

Storage in Treatment Processes; Lime Stabilization

Construction Manual; Flexible Pavement Design

Guide; Lime Plant Safety Manual; Specifications for

Lime and Its Uses in Plastering, Stucco, Unit

Masonry, and Concrete; and Lime Stabilization of

Clay Soils for Better Roads, a 271/2 minute, 16 mm.

movie and Dallas-Ft. Worth Airfield Stabilization,

18 minute, 16 mm movie.

Formed by merger of: National Agricultural Limestone Institute and National Crushed Limestone

Institute (founded 1955).

NATIONAL LUBRICATING GREASE

INSTITUTE,

4635 Wyandotte Street,

Kansas City, Missouri 64112

The institute, founded in 1933, is a technical society whose objectives are the development of better

lubricating greases for the consumer and better grease

lubricating engineering service to the industry.

These objectives are fulfilled by committee actions.

Committee members are appointed from member

firms who prepare and solicit technical papers to be

presented at the annual meeting. Dissemination of

these data is by presentation at the annual meeting

and subsequent publication in the "NLGI Spokesman," the institute's monthly technical journal.

The Technical Committee of this institute is charged with developing data pertinent to the manufacture, standardization, and application of products

of the industry. This committee and individual members of the institute cooperate with committees of

technical organizations in matters relating to standards and specifications.

The Technical Committee cooperates with the

Lubrication Committee of the American Petroleum

Institute, and with various technical committees of

the Society of Automotive Engineers, American

National Standards Institute, American Society for

Testing and Materials, Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers Association, American Association of Railroads, American Petroleum Institute, American

Society of Lubrication Engineers, and others.

The institute offers cooperation to interested

departments of the United States Government,

including the Departments of Defense, Army, Navy,

Air Force; Department of Commerce, National

Bureau of Standards; Federal Trade Commission; and

the Interstate Commerce Commission.

NATIONAL MACHINE TOOL BUILDERS'

ASSOCIATION,

7901 Weslpark Drive,

McLean, Virginia 22101

The National Machine Tool Builders' Association

(NMTBA) organized in 1902, is comprised of companies producing about 90 percent of the U.S.

machine tool industry's total output. NMTBA's principal objectives are: (1) to be an effective spokesman

for the industry in promoting a better understanding

of the machine tool industry by the Government, the

public, and all other interested groups; (2) to provide

educational, technical, economic, and informational

services to its members; (3) to encourage higher

technical and safety standards, and to promote technological advancements and improvements in the

design, engineering, manufacturing and selling of

machine tools. To achieve these goals, the association

cooperates with other business and industry groups in

the United States and with its counterpart associations throughout the world.

Various technical committees guide the association

efforts in standardization work. While the NMTBA

formerly wrote an electrical standard, its committees

now publish technical documents which are primarily

informative in nature. In order to obtain the broadest

industry representation in promulgating standards, the

association now sponsors machine tool oriented committees of the American National Standards Institute

and similar standardizing organizations; cooperates

with standardization committees of other trade asso- ciations; serves as secretariat of the Joint Industrial

Council; and supports representation on committees

of the International Organization for Standardization

and the International Electrotechnical Commission.

Fundamentally serving to guide the standardizing

activities affecting the machine tool industry, the

association keeps its membership informed through an

engineering newsletter and the manufacturing public

informed through press releases published in the trade

journals and publications of other trade associations

and technical societies.

127
NATIONAL MICROFILM ASSOCIATION,

8728 Colesville Road,

Suite 1101,

Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

Founded in 1945, the National Microfilm Association has had a continuing interest and involvement in

standards in its role as an information forum for ven- dors and users of micrographic systems. The NMA

Standards Board supervises the activities of some 17

standards committees engaged in the development of

industry standards or recommended practices. Periodic

reports on these committees and their activities can

be found in the standards column of The Journal of

Micrographics. Once a new standard has been

approved by the Standards Board and by the membership of NMA as an industry standard, it is then submitted to the American National Standards

Committee on Photographic Reproduction of Documents, PH5, of which NMA is the sponsor/secretariat.

In this capacity, NMA coordinates the development

and approval of new American National Standards in

the field of micrographics and also publishes them.

NMA also participates in the work of the International

Organization for Standardization when requested by

the American National Standards Institute (ANSI),

the official U.S. representative to ISO.

Current NMA Standards are: Quality for Computer Output Microfilm, MSl-1971; Format and

Coding for Computer Output Microfilm, MS2-1971;

Facsimile Transmission of Microfilmed Documents,

MS3-1972 and American National Standard C16.45-

1973; Flowchart Symbols and Their Usages in Micrographics, MS4-1972; Microfiche of Documents,

MS5-1972; Glossary of Micrographics, MSlOO-1971;

and Recommended Practice for Inspection and Quality Control of First Generation Silver Halide Microfilm, MS104-1972. The NMA Publications List

provides up-to-date information of standards published

by NMA.

NATIONAL MINERAL WOOL INSULATION

ASSOCIATION, INC.

211 East 51 Street,

New York, New York 10022

A nonprofit organization formed in 1933 to render

service to its members and to the building industry to promote the welfare and development of mineral wool

insulation products designed for installation in buildings utilized for human occupancy. Members of its Technical Committee assist, to the extent legally per- missible, in the development of standards and specifications, national in scope, referring to mineral wool

insulation products. Active membership is maintained

in the American Society for Testing and Materials;

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers; and the model building code

organizations. The association leads the insulation

industry in matters relating to the overall thermal

performance of buildings to the conservation of

energy. When so invited, it cooperates with and

advises such Government agencies as the General

Services Administration in the establishment of Federal specifications for appropriate mineral wool products and with the Federal Housing Administration

and other governmental bodies, both Federal, state and local, in the establishment of thermal performance standards that will contribute to the conservation

of energy. The association also advises and consults

with related industry trade associations, utilities and

other energy suppliers, and professional organizations

regarding standards, research, applications and other

matters related to the industry.

Formerly: National Rock and Slag Association;

National Mineral Wool Association.

NATIONAL MODEL RAILROAD

ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box 1328, Station C,

Canton, Ohio 44708

This service organization was established in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1935 to advance the hobby of

scale model railroading through the development,

adoption and regulation of standards, promote cooperation and understanding between producers and users

of hobby materials, and increase opportunities for

fellowship among model railroaders.

Membership comprises about 25,000 persons active

in the field, primarily in the United States but also

throughout the world, including members and firms

in the trade as well as individual practicing hobbyists.

The association is subdivided into 15 geographic

regions, one in the British Isles and the balance in the

United States and Canada. Management is directed

by nine elected nonpaid officers, who also serve with

the 15 Regional Presidents as members of the governing Board of Trustees, and all services other than

membership record-keeping and mailings are performed by a volunteer staff. A basic function of the NMRA and the primary

reason for its founding is that of establishing and

maintaining design standards for the manufacture of

components for use in the hobby. These are intended

to insure interchange between items produced by

various sources and to improve performance. Initial

specifications were adopted in 1936 and have been

followed continuously by producers of scale railroad

models and parts since that time, including refinements as the state of the art progressed.

Typical NMRA standards define track and wheel

relationships, electrical power specifications, and

clearance dimensions between rolling stock and trackside structures. An additional class of specifications,

known as NMRA recommended practices, covers

desirable characteristics other than those necessary for

physical interchange and is intended to enable manufacturers to improve their product in a manner most

suited to the user's needs. A General Engineering

Committee is charged with responsibility for development of standards and recommended practices, and a separate Conformance-Inspection Committee checks

manufactured products for compliance. Items meeting

128
the standards specifications are granted an NMRA

Conformance Warrant which may be used in advertising as long as continued compliance is indicated by

repeat inspections.

NATIONAL MUNICIPAL LEAGUE,

47 East 68th Street,

New York, New York 10021

The National Municipal League (NML) was

founded in 1894. The model laws that are devised,

published, and distributed by this organization are intended to serve as standards and to stimulate uniformity in state, county, and city legislation. They

include a model bond law, budget law, city charter

(which provides the council-manager form of government) , model county charter, election administration

system, model real property tax collection law, registration system, model state constitution and others.

NATIONAL OAK FLOORING

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

814 Sterick Building,

Memphis, Tennessee 38103

Standardization and simplification activities of this

association are carried on by its Grading, Milling and

Inspection Committee, which has been functioning

for more than 40 years.

The association has adopted official rules on oak,

birch, beech, hard maple, and pecan flooring, which

cover in detail the grades and sizes of quartered and

plain sawn stock. It cooperated with the Federal Government in the formulation of the Federal specification for hardwood flooring (Lumber and Timber:

Hardwood, MM-L-736C), which includes references

to the grading rules of this association for oak, birch,

beech, and hard maple flooring.

Until last year the National Bureau of Standards

published Commercial Standard CS56-60 covering

grading rules for white and red oak flooring established through cooperation of the association, but the

standard was withdrawn when the Bureau learned that

the standard was seldom referred to since hardwood

flooring was customarily sold subject to the Official

Flooring Grading Rules of the association.

This association maintains a rigid supervision of

species, manufacturing, kiln-drying, bundling, and all other features pertaining to oak, birch, beech, and

hard maple so that its sizes and grades will be maintained. The use of the association's registered trademark "NOFMA" has been granted to all of its members whose stock of oak flooring has been found

to comply with the association's official grading rules.

It also maintains a reinspection service available for

the retail dealers who purchase products of member

companies, so that, in the event there is doubt con- cerning the quality of stock bought, a reinspection may

be had and the matter settled immediately.

Formerly: Oak Flooring Manufacturers of United

States; Southern Oak Flooring Industries.

NATIONAL PAPER BOX ASSOCIATION,

231 Kings Highway East,

Haddonfield, New Jersey 08033

This association, founded in 1918 and which represents the rigid paper box industry, has developed

specifications for box-covering papers which include

standards for fade resistance, surface or color rub,

put-up, sample books, and billing terminology. The

Specifications Committee of the association is promoting acceptance of these standards to paper mills, dis- tributors, and box manufacturers. Further work is being done by the committee on paperboard, adhesives, and paper boxes.

Formerly: National Paper Box Manufacturers'

Association (1969).

NATIONAL PARTICLEBOARD ASSOCIATION,

2306 Perkins Place,

Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

This association consists of manufacturers of wood

particleboard and medium density fiberboard who

participate in the development of standards through

NPA's Technical Committee. NPA has promulgated

five industry standards. These are NPA 1-73, Standard for Particleboard for Mobile Home Decking; NPA

2-72, Standard for Particleboard Decking for FactoryBuih Housing; NPA 3-73, Specification for Particleboard Floor Underlayment Coated with Wax-Polymer

Type Hot Meh Coatings; NPA COl-73, Specification

for Wax Polymer Type Hot Melt Coatings for Particleboard; and NPA 4-73, Standard for Medium Density

Fiberboard. In addition, the association sponsored

Commercial Standard CS236-66 for Mat-Formed

Wood Particleboard and assisted the General Services Administration in the preparation of Federal

Specification LLL-B-800a, Building Board (Particleboard) Hard Pressed, Vegetable Fiber.

NATIONAL PRINTING INK RESEARCH

INSTITUTE,

Lehigh University,

Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015

The institute was established at Lehigh University

in 1946. It was founded to engage in scientific research on printing inks, on the equipment and techniques

involved in their production, and on the printing sur- faces to which they are applied. Recognizing the printing ink industry's need for such information, one of

the projects undertaken by NPIRI was a compilation

of a set of standard test methods. Such a series of

tests is an essential basis for interchange of technical

information, for ink research, for scientific control of

ink production, and thus for the resulting advances in

ink technology.

The material in the manual, consisting of 44 tests, has been divided into seven main sections: Sampling

and Preparation, Qualitative Chemical Tests, Quantitative Chemical Tests, Physical Tests, Performance

Tests, Resistance Tests, and Tests for Related Mate129
rials. The last section covers materials such as paper,

rollers and blankets, printing plates and fountain solutions, which do not enter into ink production but

contact the ink and influence its behavior during use. An evaluating procedure is carried out on each rec- ommended method both by the institute and by

individual companies cooperating with the institute.

It is intended that this group of test methods grow

with time in the directions indicated by the needs of

the industry.

NATIONAL RETAIL MERCHANTS'

ASSOCIATION,

100 West Thirty-First Street,

New York, New York 10001

This association (NRMA) takes an active part in

the formulation of standards and specifications rela- tive to retail store organization, retail systems, retail

trade terminology, business practices, and specifications for commodities used in the trade. In carrying

forth this work, the association cooperates actively

with the American National Standards Institute

(ANSI) and other technical and trade organizations

and the Government.

NRMA initiated programs for the establishment of

several Simplified Practice Recommendations under

the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards,

U.S. Department of Commerce (NBS). The association formerly cooperated with NBS in the revision of

several Simplified Practice Recommendations, and

cooperates actively with NBS in the establishment of

standard sizing of all apparel. Currently, a member of

NRMA's Technical Committee is represented on a

special NBS task force on sizing for the International

Organization for Standardization (ISO).

NRMA is a member body of ANSI and participates

actively in the work of several American National

Standards Conmiittees. The association is sponsor of

the American National Standards Committee L22,

whose standards relate to the end use of all textiles. Formerly: National Retail Dry Goods Association

(1958).

NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION OF

AMERICA,

1600 Rhode Island Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The National Rifle Association of America (NRA),

established in 1871, is a nonprofit membership organization, with more than one million individual members and some 10,000 affiliated local clubs and state organizations. Because some of its major programs

include the supervision of marksmanship instruction

and competition and of safety education involving

firearms, much of NRA standardization efforts are in

these fields. The NRA prepares and provides standard construction plans for a large variety of shooting ranges for

different guns and events. Some of these must meet

standards established for international competition.

Paper targets used in training and competition are standardized. These standards are researched and

established by various specialized program committees and then channelled through NRA's Competition

Rules and Programs Committee.

Educational standards, with standardized aids, are provided for the safety programs.

Reports are included in annually revised competitive

rule books, in annual meeting reports, and special

shooting range literature and program outlines and

manuals.

NATIONAL ROOFING CONTRACTORS'

ASSOCIATION,

1515 North Harlem Avenue,

Oak Park, Illinois 60302

The National Roofing Contractors' Association

(NRCA) was founded in 1886. NRCA now represents over 1,000 members and the majority of roofing

dollar volume done in the country each year. NRCA

has six technically oriented active committees: the

Air Pollution Task Force, the Performance Standards

Evaluation Committee, the Roofing Manual Task

Force, the Technical Assistance Program Task Force,

the Technical and Research Committee, and the

Urethane Roofing Committee.

Through the NRCA Roofing Manual, the association provides to the roofing industry recommended

procedures, practices and evaluative comments on

roofing specifications, construction details and roofing

materials. In addition, NRCA has issued position

papers on built-up roof test cut procedure, temporary

roof deck coverings, venting lightweight insulating

concrete roof fills, and the roofing guarantee. NRCA

has participated in a study on the movement of

built-up roofing membranes in cooperation with the

University of Illinois. NRCA has been an information

source and advisory counsel to the center of building

technology at the National Bureau of Standards.

Technical Conferences are sponsored cooperatively by

the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and NRCA

every other year at NBS Headquarters in Gaithersburg, Maryland.

NRCA has also developed roofing industry safety

standards through standards-setting procedures of the

American National Standards Institute. Additionally,

NRCA is active in its participation on the American

Society for Testing and Materials Committees, setting

standards for the testing of roofing materials.

Numerous technical works and reports are on file at the NRCA Headquarters and collected items are available upon request.

NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL,

425 North Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

The mission of the National Safety Council, which was founded in 1913, is: to determine and evaluate

methods and procedures that (a) prevent accidents

and (b) mitigate injury and economic loss resulting

130
from accidents; and to provide leadership to expedite

the adoption and use of those methods and procedures

that best serve the public interest.

While the National Safety Council recognizes the

vast need for standards that are relevant to all of the

safety disciplines, the council does not develop standards. Instead, the council relies on and provides significant manpower for the development of standards

via existing nationally recognized standards-producing

organizations. To achieve this end, the council is heavily represented in the activities of the American

National Standards Institute (ANSI), the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and the

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

With respect to ANSI, the council is currently rep- resented on its Board of Directors; Special Committees of the Board; the Consumer Council and its Consumer Product Safety Committee, Certification

Committee, and Consumer Education Committee;

Organizational Member Council; Executive Standards

Council and its Technical Advisory Boards concerned

with Highway Traffic, Safety, Construction, and

Nuclear Energy. The council is currently sponsor and

provides the secretariat for 22 American National

Standards involving 72 documents and has representation on 101 American National Standards Committees involving 282 documents.

With respect to ASTM, the council is currently

represented on its E 17 Committee on Skid Resist- ance; E 34 Committee on Toxic Materials and Harmful Physical or Biological Agents; and F 15

Committee on Consumer Product Safety.

With respect to NFPA, the council is currently

represented on 22 subcommittees of NFPA standards

committees.

Historically, the council has played a major role in

the development of standards that pertain to occupational safety and health and more recently is becoming heavily involved in the development of consumer

product safety standards, both through nationally

recognized standards-producing organizations. The

council enthusiastically promotes and consistently

seeks public support for the adoption and use of those consensus standards that fall within the scope of the

National Safety Council's mission.

NATIONAL SAND AND GRAVEL

ASSOCIATION,

900 Spring Street,

Silver Spring, Maryland 20910

The standardization work of this association falls into two categories: the committees of the association

that deal with specifications for various uses; representatives of the association that are active in the

standardization work of pertinent technical organizations such as the American Society for Testing and

Materials, the American Concrete Institute, the American Railway Engineering Association and others. It also cooperates with the National Crushed Stone

Association and the National Slag Association

through the Joint Technical Committee of mineral

aggregates associations in the development of standards and coordination of technical problems of mutual

interest.

This association, jointly with the National Ready

Mixed Concrete Association, maintains research facilities in College Park, Maryland. This Joint Research

Laboratory conducts research pertinent to industry

problems, and particularly those dealing with standardization of specifications and test methods. The

policies of the laboratory are governed by a Joint

Research Committee representative of the two associations.

NATIONAL SANITATION FOUNDATION,

3475 Plymouth Road,

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105

The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) was

chartered in 1944 in the State of Michigan as a non- commercial, nonprofit standards, research and educational organization seeking solutions to problems

affecting man's environment. It is dedicated to the

prevention of illness and improvement of quality liv- ing through a better environment. NSF sponsors or conducts objective research and educational programs

seeking a quality environment. These studies provide an authoritative basis for the establishment of minimum sanitation standards for equipment, products

and devices that are generally acceptable to health

authorities. The standards development and certification program activities represent about 50 percent of

the total efforts of NSF. The standards and certification program is extended throughout the United States and Canada, and provides services to about 50 companies in eight countries of Europe and Japan, whose

products are exported to the United States. The standards and research efforts of NSF involve

a number of Federal agencies, including U. S. Public

Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Environmental Protection Administration, Department of

Housing and Urban Development and the various

branches of the Armed Services and the Veterans

Administration, as well as local and state official agencies. The foundation has published 47 standards

and four criteria, under which testing and certification

services are currently extended to over 1600 manufacturers who use the NSF Seal on over 25,000 items

of equipment or products covered by the above standards. The foundation publishes a list of the available

standards distributed by NSF as well as an annual

food equipment listing, a plastics listing covering

potable water and drain-waste-vent products, a listing

of water treatment equipment used in swimming

pool applications and a listing of special categories of

equipment or products including film badges, plumbing components for mobile homes and recreational

vehicles, thermoplastic refuse bags and containers and

wastewater treatment service.

NSF standards under development include autoclaves, flow rate controllers and indicators, foam cups

and containers, life support equipment used in hos131
pitals, mobile patient care equipment, retail food store refrigerators, respiratory equipment and plastics for

food service equipment.

NATIONAL SASH AND DOOR JOBBERS'

ASSOCIATION,

20 North Wacker Drive,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

This association, formed in 1964 by the merger of

two regional jobber associations, Northern and Southern, has been active in the support and development

of Commercial Standards related to window and door

products. In cooperation with the National Woodwork

Manufacturers' Association (NWMA), NSDJA since

1953 helped prepare and further Commercial Standards relating to double hung, casement, awning, and

single hung wood window units which have now

been incorporated into NWMA's Industry Standard 2. NSDJA initiated and developed Voluntary Product

Standard PS 32-70 for wood interior hinged door

units. NSDJA is also active in promoting standards

for the use of safety glazing materials in hazardous

locations.

In addition, the association is interested in various

standards relating to the softwood plywood industry

and, representing distributors, assists in the coordination of problems connected with plywood Voluntary

Product Standards.

Formed by merger of: Northern Sash and Door

Jobbers' Association (1935) ; and Southern Sash and

Door Jobbers' Association (1935 )

.

NATIONAL SCALE MEN'S ASSOCIATION,

1928 South Grand Avenue,

Santa Ana, California 92705

This organization is composed of approximately

1200 technical men engaged in the design, production,

sale, installation, maintenance, testing, and operation

of weighing machines.

It has organized 11 committees which are assigned

to study and develop certain phases of the scale

industry, including the development of standards and

specifications covering railway and industrial track

scales; highway vehicle scales; built-in, self-contained,

and portable scales; counter scales; grain scales, auto- matic and hand-operated scales; automatic indicating

and recording railway and industrial scales, automtic

indicating and recording scales other than large capacity, electronic and hydraulic scales of large and small

capacity; pits and foundations; weighing practices,

scales used for transportation and labor charges;

weighing practices, scales used for purposes of barter;

corrosion prevention; construction materials; and

welding and heat treatment.

The association has adopted specifications for over- hauling and repair of heavy-capacity scales; light

industrial service track-scales; railway track-scale test weight cars; standard code of rules relating to mainte- nance and transportation of track-scale test weight

cars; and a definition of a standard test of a railway

track scale. The standards and codes which have been adopted

by the association have recieved the indorsement of

the National Conference on Weights and Measures

and the American Railway Engineering Association.

Formed by merger of: National Association of Scale

Experts and American Scale Men's Association (1916)

.

NATIONAL SCHOOL SUPPLY AND

EQUIPMENT ASSOCIATION

1500 Wilson Boulevard,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

This association, founded in 1916, is composed of

manufacturers and distributors of school equipment,

supplies and instructional materials. Standards produced by the association include Recommended

Standards for Design of Interior Folding and Telescopic Seating, which establishes uniform standard

criteria for the design manufacture, and installation

of interior folding and telescopic seating normally

used in school gymnasiums, and Testing Procedures

for Measuring Sound Transmission Loss Through

Movable Walls and Folding Partitions. This standard

establishes a uniform set of practices for the installation of the test specimen, the conduct of the test, and

the certification of the results when operable walls are

tested for sound transmission loss in accordance with

American Society for Testing and Materials E90,

Tentative Recommended Practice for Laboratory

Measurement of Airborne Sound Transmission Loss

of Building Floors and Walls.

The association has also produced a Suggested Purchasing Specification for a Select Group of School

Paper Products and is currently developing safety

standards for heavy duty playground equipment in

cooperation with the Division of Childrens Hazards,

Bureau of Product Safety, Department of Health,

Education and Welfare.

Formerly: National School Service Institute (1958).

NATIONAL SILO ASSOCIATION,

P.O. Box 247,

209 Franklin Street,

Cedar Falls, Iowa 50613

The National Silo Association (NSA) was established 61 years ago. The organization has over 100

members with the safety and standards committee

and program activities making up at least 50 percent

of the total program.

NSA is international in scope in that it now has an international division as well as a Canadian

division.

NSA recently completed an industrywide survey

which will be used in updating our standards for the

industry. The updating and printing of these standards should be completed by the end of 1973.

With the need for a safety program in each of the

manufacturer's plants and with the work the crews

are doing on the farms, and with the requirements to

132
meet Occupational Safety and Health Administration

(OSHA) standards, NSA has developed an operator's

safety manual as well as recommended to OSHA its adoption as standard specification standards for the

silo industry. The nature and extent of NSA's involvement and activities with OSHA is quite extensive.

The National Silo Association has and will continue to cooperate with the American Concrete Institute, American Society of Agricultural Engineers or any other technical associations in developing safety

standards for the industry.

Formerly: National Association of Silo Manufacturers (1956).

NATIONAL SLAG ASSOCIATION,

300 South Washington Street,

Alexandria, Virginia 22314

The association, founded in 1918 cooperates actively

with specification-writing organizations at the national

and state levels in formulating and revising aggregate

specifications and in development of standards cover- ing test procedures. This cooperative program is carried out mainly through representation on technical committees of such national organizations as the

American National Standards Institute, American

Society for Testing and Materials, American Concrete

Institute, Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists,

Highway Research Board, American Railway Engineering Association, American Society of Civil Engineers, American Public Works Association, and the

Industrial Hygiene Foundation. Standardization of

aggregates is further promoted by research dealing

with aggregates and their end-use products, conducted

in the association's laboratory located in Youngstown,

Ohio. Much of the research thus conducted is planned

and programmed by the association's Technical Committee. This committee is composed of technical

representatives from the various member companies.

NATIONAL SOCIETY FOR THE

PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS, INC.

79 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10016

The National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Inc., founded in 1908, is the oldest voluntary

health agency nationally engaged in the prevention of blindness through a comprehensive program of

community service, public and professional education,

and research. With advice and guidance of professional scientific advisory committees, the society has

developed standards for vision screening of preschool

and school age children, for eye safety programs in

schools and industry, for glaucoma screening and for

services providing low vision aids to the partially

sighted.

Publications, films, posters, charts and advisory

service are available on request. The society is supported entirely by contributions, memorial gifts,

bequests and legacies, which are deductible for purposes of income taxes.

Formerly: National Committee for the Prevention

of Blindness (1927) ; Formed by Merger of: New York State Committee

for the Prevention of Blindness combined with,

American Association for the Conservation of Vision

(1918).

NATIONAL SOFT DRINK ASSOCIATION,

1101, 16th Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The National Soft Drink Association (NSDA) was

founded in 1919 as the American Bottlers of Carbonated Beverages. It assumed its current name in 1967.

Its purposes are to provide the manufacturers of soft

drinks throughout the United States and others interested in the welfare of the industry a forum to discuss

matters of common interest, provide a medium for

improving soft drink plant operating procedures, con- duct research on problems relating to the industry,

provide informational and educational services in the

interest of the consumer and to increase the prestige

of the industry and its products in the American econ- omy. The association throughout the years has been

instrumental in being a party to voluntary standards

or guidelines which were designed for the betterment

of the consumer and the industry generally. For example, NSDA has established a standard for bottlers' sugar, recommended a standard concerning the composition of solutions used for washing beverage bottles, and standards for methods of controlling water,

sugar, carbon dioxide, bottle washing solutions and

sanitation. Most recently, the association has adopted

a voluntary bottle specifications guideline which

relates to the bottles used for carbonated beverages.

Currently, the association is involved as a coproponent

with the National Bureau of Standards seeking to develop a consensus standard for the manufacturing

of carbonated beverage bottles. The industry is also

seeking to reach voluntary guidelines in the area of

secondary packaging and pre-mix and post-mix tanks.

NSDA has participated over the years with the Food

and Drug Administration regarding standards of identity for products manufactured by the industry. There

are no certification programs within the industry or any enforcement procedures for them, since all of the

programs are voluntary. All of the association's standards are promoted through association publications

and memoranda and are national in scope.

Formerly: American Bottler's Protective Association

(1967).

NATIONAL SOYBEAN PROCESSORS'

ASSOCIATION,

1730 Pennsylvania Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The National Soybean Processors' Association was

established in 1930. Standardization of quantity and

grades of soybean oil and soybean meal, and development of standard trading rules constitute the important activities of this association. Upon the

133
recommendations of its Soybean Oil Trading Rules

Committee, the association adopted standard specifications for crude domestic soybean oil covering quality, grade and methods of analysis. Standard

specifications for crude, degummed, and once-refined

soybean oil have been developed for export use. In

addition, its Meal Trading Rules Committee serves a

similar purpose in providing standards and trading

rules for soybean meals.

THE NATIONAL SWIMMING POOL

INSTITUTE,

2000 K Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The National Swimming Pool Institute (NSPI),

was founded in 1956. NSPI is a national trade association comprised of approximately 1,750 swimming pool

builders, pool equipment manufacturers and suppliers,

architects, engineers, public officials and others allied

with the growing pool industry. Only those companies

maintaining high ethical standards are accepted for

membership in the institute. The purpose of NSPI is to set guidelines for pool builders and to work toward

better pool building and the maintenance of high

ethical standards.

NSPI has issued many publications including the care and maintenance guides and handbooks; types of

pools; materials; organization and business management; case studies; and two standards for residential

and public pools. The NSPI standard for public and

residential pools are the most complete, comprehensive, and up to date standards published in the swimming pool industry. In order that NSPI's standards

include knowledge and information of other groups,

it has liaison representatives and direct participation

by the American Public Health Association, National

Safety Council, Underwriters' Laboratories, National

Sanitation Foundation, National Electrical Code,

International Association of Plumbers and Mechanical

Officials, Consumer Product Safety Commission, and

the Young Mens' Christian Association of the United

States. The standardization activities are administered

by the Technical Council and involve 34 percent of

NSPI's total program. The following includes NSPI's

active standards committees: Publications Committee, Advisory Liaison Committee, Dimensional &

Structural Design Committee, Accessary Equipment

Committee, Chemical Treatment & Process Committee, Circulation Systems Committee, Pool Operator

& Service Committee. A new project is the review of

Public Pool Standards, and the continual investigation

into all standard activities to make sure that they are up to date as the need arises.

Certification programs activities: The Pool Registry

Program requires participating pool builders and

installers to provide pools which meet or exceed the

NSPI minimum industry standards for design and construction. The pool company registers each pool by

placing a permanent plaque in the deck of the pool

and forwarding the registry form to NSPI's independent registry agent. Under the program pools are

divided into five classes determined by the dimensions

of the diving hopper. Diving boards are similarly

rated so that a pool-to-diving board safe match can be

effected.

NSPI cooperates with the Government in standardization activities by providing information and assist- ance to the Consumer Product Safety Commission,

Environmental Protection Agency, Department of

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Commerce, and the Federal Trade Commission; and

maintains liaison with other international swimming

pool organizations.

NATIONAL TERRAZZO AND MOSAIC

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

716 Church Street,

Alexandria, Virginia 22314

The National Terrazzo and Mosaic Association, Inc. (NTMA) was founded in 1923. NTMA is a full service trade association. The standardization and

technical services comprise about 60 percent of the

program. The standardization activities are administered by the Technical Committee and the Quality

Control Committee. The association's standards are accepted by virtually all Government agencies.

NTMA's current Technical Data Book contains 25

separate complete standard national specifications for

the installation of all types of terrazzo, both cementitious and resinous.

The Research and Development Committee is presently developing new application and grinding

techniques.

NTMA's standards are promoted to the architectural industry by regional technical representatives and

through paid space advertising.

NATIONAL WATER WELL ASSOCIATION,

88 East Broad Street,

Columbus, Ohio 43215

The National Water Well Association (NWWA),

founded in 1948, is an organization of water well

drilling contractors, manufacturers, wholesale suppliers and professional geologists, hydrologists and

engineers interested in the problems of locating, developing and utilizing underground water supplies.

Objectives of the association include the promotion of

scientific development and the advancement of the

science of ground water hydrology.

The association's Specification Committee has cooperated with the American Waterworks Association in

developing a standard for deep wells. This committee

through the National Water Well Association Research

Facility is now under contract to the United States

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the

development of well construction specifications for all types of wells and geologic conditions. These specifications will be promulgated by EPA to all state and

local governments.

The association offers a voluntary Certification Pro134
gram for water well drilling contractors and pump

construction contractors throughout the United States. One general and 12 specific examinations are given for

certification achievement. Standards and certification are promoted through NWWA's industry trade journal,

the Water Well Journal.

NATIONAL WHOLESALE HARDWARE

ASSOCIATION,

1900 Arch Street,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

The National Wholesale Hardware Association

(NWHA) was established in 1894, for wholesalers of

hardware products.

NWHA has a comprehensive standardized forms

program and as a result has issued Standardization of

Forms and Information Flow Used in Ordering, Shipping, and Billing of Merchandise Within the Hardgoods Industry. NWHA, the American Hardware

Manufacturers' Association, the National Builders

Hardware Association, the National Industrial Distributors' Association and the Southern Industrial

Distributors' Association strongly recommend the

adoption of the included standardized forms by companies throughout the hardgoods industry. All seg- ments of the industry will benefit from the program of

standardization of forms and information flow, because

clerical personnel will know where to look for specific

data; fewer interpretation errors will develop; related

paper work can be pulled together more easily; cross checking becomes faster and more accurate; unnecessary delays in the movement of goods can be greatly

reduced and costly follow up procedures can be

eliminated.

The standardization booklet, which includes a glossary of terms, the distributor's purchase order to vendor's back order acknowledgment, vendor's packing

copy to accompany shipment, vendor's invoice to dis- tributor, distributor's check voucher, use of bill of

lading, vendor's shipment and item identification, and

exhibits of forms, is available from NWHA.

NATIONAL WOODEN PALLET AND

CONTAINER ASSOCIATION,

1619 Massachusetts Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

This association, founded in 1947, consists of manufacturers and distributors of pallets, pallet containers,

boxes, crates, shook, and skids. The association publishes standard specifications covering the construction

of hardwood, softwood, and plywood pallets. These

standards provide minimum requirements for a series

of nine quality grades covering various wooden pallets.

Formed by merger of: National Wooden Box Association and National Wood Pallet Manufacturers'

Association (1947). National Wooden Box Association was formed (1964) ; National Wooden Box

Council.

NATIONAL WOODWORK MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

400 West Madison Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60606

This association has taken an active interest in the

standardization of commodities in its industry. It was

sponsor of the following standards published by the

National Bureau of Standards: Commercial standard

CS120-58 for Ponderosa Pine Doors; CS171-58 for

Hardwood Veneered Flush Doors; CS163-64 for

Ponderosa Pine Windows, Sash, and Screens;

CS190-64 for Double-Hung Wood Window Units;

CS204-64 for Wood Awning Window Units; CS205-64

for Wood Casement Window Units; CS208-57 for

Wood Door and Window Frames; CS262-63 for Preservative Treatment for Millwork: CS264-64 and

265-64 for Horizontal Wood Window Units; and

CS266-64 for Single Hung Wood Window Units.

These standards have been revised and issued as industry standards. They are available from the

association.

Formerly: National Door Manufacturers' Association (1950).

NATURAL GAS PROCESSORS

ASSOCIATION,

1812 First Place, 5th and Boston,

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74103

This association, formerly the Natural Gasoline

Association of America was founded in 1921 to develop

standard tests and specifications for casinghead gasoline. Specifications, particularly for vapor pressure, were established that are still referred to in casinghead contracts written today. Later, tests to determine

the gasoline content of natural gas were developed.

Following work on natural gasoline tests, interest was directed toward the field of LP-gas (propane and

butane) and natural gas. Vapor pressure composition

specifications and approved loading techniques have

been developed for LP-gas. Analytical procedures and

contaminant tests have been developed for both

LP-gas and natural gas. Most recent work has been in the field of cryogenic

gas processing, LNG, and synthetic gas processing.

The development of new standards in these fields have been assigned within various sections of the

Technical Committee.

Many of the tests and specifications developed by

NGPA have been accepted and published by the

American Society for Testing and Materials. Standards

not available through ASTM are listed in a periodically updated publication folder available from the

association offices. NGPA developed standards are accepted nationally

and, in many cases, internationally for natural gas

processing operations and for contractual purposes.

The standardization program is a major part of the

association work, representing one-fourth to one-third

of the total NGPA program.

135
NORTH AMERICAN WHOLESALE

LUMBER ASSOCIATION,

180 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10016

The National American Wholesale Lumber Association, which was founded in 1893, changed its name to the North American Wholesale Lumber Association in

1972. One of the objects of this association is to aid

and more efficiently distribute all lumber and forest

products (1) through standardization of grades and

sizes, and (2) through the elimination of unfair practices and trade abuses, in cooperation with proper

Government agencies and officials. This association's

activities in standardization are carried on in cooperation with the American Lumber Standards Committee

on which it maintains official representation in the

development of American Lumber Standards. The

association endorses the principle of grade-marking all lumber and will appoint special committees when

occasion requires, to consult and cooperate with grademarking committees of lumber manufacturers' associations for the grade-marking of lumber of various

species.

NORTHEASTERN LUMBER

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

13 South Street,

Glens Falls, New York 12801

NELMA was founded in 1933 as a private, nonprofit, nongovernmental organization. It is incorporated in the State of Delaware. The association's

purpose is the promotion of the welfare and the

advancement of the interests of the northeastern lumber producer.

NELMA is the American Lumber Standards Committee Board of Review's rules writing agency for the

northeast. Also, it is an approved grading agency. The

development of the Standard NELMA Grading Rules

for Northeastern Lumber is the responsibility of the

association's Grading Committee.

NORTHERN HARDWOOD & PINE

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, INC.,

Suite 501 Northern Building,

Green Bay, Wisconsin 54301

NH&PMA was established in 1905 as a nonprofit

association to promote the use of Northern woods.

One of its objectives is to establish and maintain

uniform standard grades for lumber and logs.

NH&PMA derives its authority to write and maintain Official Grading Rules for Softwood and Aspen

Lumber from Voluntary Product Standard 20-70. The

Product Standard promulgated by the U.S. Department

of Commerce established a common basis for uniform

industrywide inspections and grademarking for each

piece of lumber which is produced and sold.

As an authorized grade rules writing agency represented on the American Lumber Standards Committee, the NH&PMA is committed to the formulation

and maintenance of uniform grading rules in the

interest of standards for quality, sizes and nomenclature for both manufacturer and consumer alike.

Additionally, the association maintains an inspection staff and offers the services of supervision of

lumber inspectors, reinspection of shipments and certi- fication of shipments.

The association publishes the Official Rules for

Eastern White Pine, Norway Pine, Jack Pine, Eastern

Spruce, Balsam Fir, Eastern Hemlock, Tamarack and

Aspen. Another publication of the association is the

Official Grading Rules for Northern Hardwood and

Softwood Logs and Tie Cuts.

OPTICAL MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1730 North Lynn Street,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The association has prepared and makes available

Standards and Specifications for Marking and Stamping Optical Frames and Mountings Made in Whole

or in Part of Gold, that are based upon the National

Stamping Act, Commercial Standards CS 47-34 and

CS 67-38 promulgated by the National Bureau of

Standards, and pertinent rulings of the Federal Trade

Commission. The association has worked out methods

of marking temple lengths and measuring frame and

lens sizes, and has adopted screw standards for ophthalmic frames. The association is an active member of

the American National Standards Committee Z80

that is concerned with standards for ophthalmic

frames, lenses, contact lenses and sunglasses.

OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

2100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20037

The Optical Society of America was founded in

1916 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of optics

in all its branches, pure and applied; to promote the

mutual interests of investigators of optical problems,

of designers, manufacturers, and users of optical

instruments and apparatus of all kinds; and to encour- age cooperation among them.

The standardization and specification work of this

society is handled largely by technical committees

which have published reports in the society's journal on visual sensitometry ; colorimetry; photometry;

standard wavelengths; nomenclature and standards;

photographic standards of intensity ; geometrical, physiological, and physical optics; photochemistry and

photography, radiometry; and spectrophotometry. The

latest and most elaborate of these technical reports

appeared as a book. The Science of Color, published

in 1953 by Thomas V. Crowell Co., for the Colorimetry Committee of the Optical Society of America, and

in 1963 by the Optical Society of America.

In addition, the society cooperates with other technical organizations in standardization and specifications within the various branches of optics. The

society cooperates actively with the International

136
Commission for Optics and the International Commission on Illumination. It cooperates extensively

with the American National Standards Institute

(ANSI), serving as sponsor for the American National

Standards Sectional Committee on Optics, and having

representatives on the ANSI Photographic Standards

Board and on seven American National Standards

sectional committees in photography, motion pictures,

safety glass, and ophthalmic lenses. The society also

maintains representation on boards or committees of

the American Institute of Physics, the National

Research Council, the American Association for the

Advancement of Science, and the Inter-Society Color

Council.

OUTDOOR POWER EQUIPMENT

INSTITUTE, INC.,

1725 K Street NW.,

Suite 903-905,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The Outdoor Power Equipment Institute (OPEI)

was founded in 1952. Although OPEI does not independently develop product or safety standards for the

industry, it has undertaken sponsorship for the development of recommended safety specifications for

power mowers under the American National Standards Institute. In the future OPEI anticipates development of safety specifications applicable to other

outdoor powered equipment. Any such standards will

also be issued as American National Standards.

Formerly: Lawn Mower Institute.

PACKAGING MACHINERY

MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE,

2000 K Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

PMMI is a voluntary nonprofit association,

founded in 1932, of U.S. companies manufacturing

packaging machinery and packaging-related converting

machinery. The institute seeks to solve the common

problems of the packaging machinery industry; and

toward this goal, PMMI provides information and

services to member companies, users of packaging and

converting machinery, the Government and the general public.

Standardization work plays a small but important

role in the institute's activities. Industry standards

are dealt with under the guidance of the Product

Safety and Technical Information Committees.

PMMI is a member of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and supports its work with the

International Organization for Standardization.

Working closely with the Occupational Safety and

Health Administration, PMMI has published a safety

standard for the Care, Use and Construction of Packaging Machinery which is currently under ANSI

review.

PMMI also cooperates with other related associations such as the Fibre Box Association and the Adhesives Manufacturers' Association of America in

promoting recommended practices on the storage,

maintenance and application of adhesives used in

conjunction with automatic packaging machinery.

PMMI makes active use of the packaging industry's

trade press to inform machinery users of the institute's

work in the standards area.

PAINTING AND DECORATING

CONTRACTORS OF AMERICA,

7223 Lee Highway,

Falls Church, Virginia 22046

The Painting and Decorating Contractors of America (PDCA) was founded as a national organization

in 1884. One of the stated objects of this organization

is its efforts to protect members and the general

public by endeavoring to maintain high standards of

workmanship and safety in the painting, decorating,

drywall, wallcovering and coating industries.

The association maintains a National Apprenticeship and Training Committee. This committee, in

conjunction with the International Brotherhood of

Painters and Allied Trades, and the Gypsum Drywall

Contractors International Association, prepares and

distributes complete courses of training for all painting, decorating, wallcovering and drywall apprentices

throughout the nation, as well as material for journeyman retraining. This joint apprenticeship committee

prepares standards of training which are approved by

and filed with the Bureau of Apprenticeship and

Training, U.S. Department of Labor.

PDCA maintains a National Safety Committee. This

committee, in conjunction with the Bortherhood of

Painters and Allied Trades, has prepared a booklet of

safety in the painting, decorating and drywall industry. PDCA is a member of the National Safety Council

and is a member of the American National Standards

Institute (ANSI). PDCA has membership on the

various committees of ANSI and helps with the

preparation of standards for submission to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration for

approval as safety standards for the construction

industry and the painting and decorating industry.

All of the committees are listed in the annual yearbook which is published in July of each year. The

monthly publication, PDCA 73, promotes use of var- ious standard materials provided by these committees

through this association.

PAPER STATIONERY AND TABLET

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, INC.,

444 Madison Avenue,

Suite 2301,

New York, New York 10022

The Paper Stationery and Tablet Manufacturers'

Association was founded in 1933 and incorporated in

1934 as a nonprofit, business supported organization.

The association represents converters of paper, paperboard and related materials for production of writing

paper and envelopes for personal correspondence, and

writing papers for educational uses.

137
Standardization activities in the association are handled through the Standards Research Committee.

Standards research has been conducted since 1938.

The most recent publication on voluntary recom- mended standards for most commonly accepted sizes

and specifications for tablets and related products was

published in 1964. At present, this is the only standards publication available to the public.

The association does not set standards for the

industry. It only recommends sizes and specifications

for a variety of writing tablets based on industry

practice and experience. Some additional standards

research has been done on envelope sizes and length

to width ratios, but this data has never been published.

The association is national in scope and recom- mended voluntary standards are available to nonassociation members, Government agencies and an interested general public.

The Standards Research Committee currently is embarking on a study of the impact of making a transition to a metric system of measurement.

PAPERBOARD PACKAGING COUNCIL,

1800 K Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The Paperboard Packaging Council (PPC) is a nonprofit national trade association representing companies in the production and conversion of paperboard

into folding cartons and packages. The Paperboard

Packaging Council was established in July 1967, from

the merger of several preexisting groups such as the

Folding Paper Box Association and The Institute for Better Packaging.

The council's functions include several areas such

as marketing information and statistics, industrial

relations and safety, technical and production, and

Government relations.

The development of industry standards represents a relatively small percentage of the council's ongoing

activities, and efforts in this direction come under the

Technical and Production Committee, and/ or special

ad hoc groups established for these purposes.

PPC was the proponent and contributed toward the

development of the U.S. Department of Commerce

Simplified Practice Recommendations R258-56, OnePound Eastern Flat Margarine Carton and R261-58

(both withdrawn October 2, 1973) ; and R252-60,

Standard Sizes of Pint, Quart, and Half-Gallon

Rectangular Ice Cream Cartons and Molds. The council issues Guidelines and Standards for the Paperboard

Packaging Industry, as a set of voluntary industry

standards and specifications recommended for the

guidance of both users and suppliers of folding paper

cartoons. Recently the council, in conjunction with

the Federal Government developed a new bacon

carton. PPC also cooperates with the Government in

reviewing and commenting on Federal specifications.

Currently, the council is involved in standards for

printing nutritional labeling and Universal Product

Code symbols on fluid milk cartons.

PERLITE INSTITUTE,

45 West 45th Street,

New York, New York 10036

As a national and international, nonprofit trade

association, this institute sponsors research leading to standardization of specifications and methods of test- ing perlite and perlite products. The institute collects

data, initiates and correlates research, and develops

specifications and test methods. It cooperates closely

with technical and engineering societies, other trade

associations, and Government agencies interested in

standards.

The institute publishes test methods and related

standards containing test methods for evaluating

quality of expanded perlite, and American Society for

Testing and Materials Specifications applicable to

perlite. It also publishes standards for perlite products

used in the building, industrial, and horticultural

industries.

PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1155 Fifteenth Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

This association was created in 1958 by a merger

of the drug manufacturers formerly belonging to the

American Drug Manufacturers' Association and the

American Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Association.

Scientists of member firms constitute committees

which work with the United States Pharmacopoeia

and the National Formulary in developing methods of

analysis and standards for drugs used by the medical

and allied professions. These association committees

also cooperate with the Food and Drug Administration, the National Institutes of Health, the Bureau of

Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, and other agencies of

the Federal Government.

Among other things, the association encourages

high standards of potency, quality, and purity for

pharmaceutical and biological products intended for use by the medical and allied professions in the cure, mitigation, treatment, prevention or diagnosis of

disease; it assists appropriate scientific and Government agencies in the establishment of scientific and

technical standards for such products. It encourages

research in the development of new and better medicinal products and better facilities and methods for

their pharmacological and clinical evaluation. It urges

efficiency, safety, and better methods in the manufacture, maintenance, packaging, and transportation

of medicinal products. It promotes the enactment of

uniform and reasonable drug legislation for the protection of public health, and cooperates with regulatory agencies in the reasonable enforcement of such

legislation. It disseminates information on Government regulations and policies and on other subjects

of interest to the pharmaceutical industry, and

encourages and promotes the development of scientific and technological skills useful in the discovery.

138
evaluation, and production of pharmaceutical and

biological products for the cure, mitigation, treatment,

prevention, or diagnosis of disease. It cooperates in all lawful ways with professional associations in the

health field, other industries, and government authorities in the advancement of medical science, the

improvement of public health and the advancement of

the pharmaceutical industry.

PHARMACOPEIA OF THE UNITED STATES

SEE

UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA

PHOTO CHEMICAL MACHINING INSTITUTE,

1717 Howard Street,

Evanston, Illinois 60202

The Photo Chemical Machining Institute (PCMI)

was founded in 1968 for companies producing metal

parts by photo chemical machining.

PCMI has published three standards including:

PCMI-D-300, Standards for Dimensional Tolerances

and PCMI-T-100, Terms and Definitions. Both of these

standards are published in a booklet entitled: What Is The Photo Chemical Machining Process and What

Can It Do For You?

PCMI has published a third standard for metal

specifications for use in chemical machining. It is the

PCMI-A-200, entitled Guidelines for Specifying Metals

and Alloys for Photo Chemical Machining. This specification is included in the 200 page PCMI publication

entitled: Guide to Alloy Selection. This guide contains

34 specifications of the American Society for Testing

and Materials on such topics as copper, nickel, stainless, aluminum, magnesium, cold rolled carbon steel

strips, titanium, and many others. The purpose of this

guide is to provide, in one reference volume, a compendium of all alloy specifications that are utilized

in photo chemical machining.

PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

2005 Walnut Street,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

The society, founded in 1933, is a nonprofit organization, international in scope, and devoted to the

advancement of photography in all its manifestations.

The broad interests of PSA members encompass a wealth of experience in the uses of all types of photographic materials, the technology of their applications, and the characteristics and processes of their

manufacture. Through its Uniform Practices Advisory

Committee, PSA organizes the multidiscipline viewpoints of its membership to assist in the formulation

of society uniform practices and in the contribution to national standardization. The society is affiliated with

the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

and has representatives on all of the PH sectional

committees on photography as well as membership

on the Photographic Technical Advisory Board. The

representatives selected by this society to represent its photographic standards interest, are chosen on the

basis of their competence as users, their technical

knowledge in the field, and their genuine interest.

Each representative is charged with the responsibility

of interpreting the feelings and attitudes of the society

primarily from the consumer's viewpoint in resolving

the important questions of standardization before

casting his ballot. To assist their representatives, as

well as to provide input to the ANSI Consumer

Council, PSA is currently organizing a consumer

advisory committee to direct the consumer needs in

standards documents as well as for the assessment of

uniform performance specifications.

The PSA Uniform Practices Advisory Committee

also formulates the practices and the requirements

for: judging and exhibition, nondiscriminatory entry,

safe handling, and other rules which contribute to the success of international photographic salons, film

festivals, and amateur photographic and camera club

events on a worldwide basis. Through this function,

the PSA has established itself as the de facto body in

the formulation of international regulations for the

exhibition of photographic materials.

Formerly: Associated Camera Clubs of America.

PIPE FABRICATION INSTITUTE,

1326 Freeport Road,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238

The Pipe Fabrication Institute was founded in

1913. The standardization program of this institute

functions through its engineering and metallurgical

committees. The standards and technical bulletins

emanating from these committees cover the design,

fabrication and erection of industrial and high pres- sure-high temperature piping to meet the most

exacting requirements of power plant—both nuclear

and fossil, chemical, petroleum, and process piping.

Through its members, the institute is officially represented on various code bodies and national engineering societies.

PIPE LINE CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION,

2800 Republic National Bank Building,

Dallas, Texas 75201

This association was organized in the fall of 1947

to serve as a medium for the exchange of information among contractors engaged in the main-line pipe

line construction industry. Its purposes are: (1) to make membership in the association a reasonable assurance to the public of the skill, integrity, and

responsibility of its members; (2) to maintain the

standards of the pipe line contracting business at the

level necessitated by its quasi-professional character

and to establish members of the association in the

public mind as contractors to fulfill obligations in

good faith; (3) to promote more cordial and cooperative relations among pipe line contractors and between

those with whom they deal or have contact; (4) to encourage efficiency among pipe line contractors and

their employees; (5) to seek correction of injurious,

discriminatory or unfair business methods practiced

139
by or against pipe line contractors; and (6) to eliminate, as far as possible, the occurrence of injury

or death to pipe line contracting employees.

Representatives of the association serve on a joint

committee which has published a Standard for Welding Pipe Lines and Related Facilities. Representatives

of the association also work with other committees of

the American Petroleum Institute and the American

Gas Association in an effort to prepare a recom- mended form of contract and specifications for pipe

line construction work.

PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE INSTITUTE,

5342 Boulevard Place,

Indianapolis, Indiana 46208

The Plumbing and Drainage Institute (PDI) is an

association of manufacturers of plumbing and drainage products, incorporated in 1954 under the General

Not-for-Profit Corporation Act of the State of Illinois.

Its objectives are: (1) to contribute its combined

talents and resources to promote advancement of

plumbing engineering and the plumbing industry in

general through publicity, public relations, research

and standardization of product requirements; (2) to prepare, edit and publish standards related to plumbing products performance and application; (3) to provide certified testing, rating and installation procedures for grease interceptors and water hammer

arresters. The standards-writing activity is delegated to an Engineering Committee whose members represent

various organizations. Standards currently published

by the institute are: (1) Grease Interceptors, PDI

Standard G-101; (2) Water Hammer Arresters,

PDI WH-201-1965 (revised 1971). (This standard

also issued by the American Society of Sanitary

Engineering as ASSE #1010, March 1967.)

The following standards, published by the American

Society of Mechanical Engineers, were prepared and

edited by Panels 6-21 and 26 composed of the PDI's

Engineering Committee, for American National Standards Project A112: American National Standard

A112.6.1-1972, Supports for Off the Floor Plumbing

Fixtures for Public Use; American National Standard

A112.21. 1-1968, Floor Drains; American National

Standard A112.21.2-1971, Roof Drains; American

National Standard A112.26.1-1969, Water Hammer

Arresters. Several other American National Standards

are in process for issue at a later date.

The standards referred to above are national in

scope in that they are extensively used by architects,

engineers, contractors, and Government agencies such

as General Service Administration, Department of the

Army, Coast Guard and Veterans Administration.

Certification testing equipment is maintained in an

independent laboratory by the institute for testing

water hammer arresters. The test laboratory issues

test certificates to manufacturers whose products

have passed PDI WH-201 tests. The institute, by

agreement, furnishes certification seals which are

placed on the product as evidence that the product

installed has met the PDI performance specification.

Formerly: Plumbing and Drainage Manufacturers'

Association (1949).

POLYURETHANE MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

600 South Michigan Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60605

The Polyurethane Manufacturers' Association established in 1972 is a private, nonprofit trade association

consisting of those companies involved in the manufacture of solid polyurethane thermosetting elastomers

and their related chemical and equipment suppliers.

The purpose of the association is to promote and

maintain an organization for the mutual advancement

and welfare of its members and the polyurethane

industry.

As part of their goal, the Polyurethane Manufacturers' Association has established a Standards Committee whose purpose is to select and standardize physical

test procedures suitable for use with solid polyurethane elastomers, and to promote and disseminate

these recommended practices throughout the industry. The program, which the Standards Committee will

undertake to accomplish this goal, consists of two

phases: (1) evaluation and selection of existing

specifications suitable for use with solid polyurethanes;

and (2) to modify or institute new test procedures in

a form suitable for use as an educational tool. The specifications when completed will be issued in

booklet form by the Polyurethane Manufacturers'

Association.

POWDER ACTUATED TOOL

MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE, INC.,

331 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

Founded in 1952, PATMI is a nonprofit organization comprised of all the major USA manufacturers of

powder actuated fastening systems. Its purposes are to further the development of the powder actuated fas- tening systems industry, to encourage the safe use and

effective application of powder actuated fastening

systems, to encourage research, and to cooperate with

organizations engaged in such work.

The institute cooperates with Government and

private organizations that are concerned with the use

of powder actuated fastening systems and promotes

the education of users and others in the safe and useful employment of those systems.

A Technical Committee comprised of engineering

representatives of all PATMI member companies is continuously involved in the development of standards. Its direction and participation was a major

factor in the preparation of American National Standard AlO.3-1972 for Powder Actuated Fastening

Systems. Through cooperation with the U.S. Department of Labor, the PATMI Technical Committee's

140
safety standard recommendations were incorporated

by reference in the Construction Safety Act of 1969

and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.

A representative of PATMI serves on the International Organization for Standardization, ISO/TC 29

Subcommittee developing an international standard

for power loads used in powder actuated fastening

systems.

The PATMI Technical Committee has prepared

standardization data for the General Services Administration (GSA) for powder actuated fasteners and

will soon embark on similar updated GSA specification

standards for powder actuated tools and power loads.

Similar efforts by PATMI members for building construction standards are now underway with the

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

and with the Federal Housing Administration of the

Department of Housing and Urban Development.

PRESSURE SENSITIVE TAPE COUNCIL,

1201 Waukegan Road,

Glenview, Illinois 60025

The Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC),

founded in 1953, is an organization of manufacturers

of self sticking tapes with the objectives of increasing

knowledge about their use and the understanding of

their characteristics.

The PSTC's Technical Committee has developed a

series of recommended test procedures for determining the various characteristics of pressure sensitive

tape such as adhesion, tensile strength, thickness, etc. In addition, it has available laboratory test apparatus

for the testing of pressure sensitive materials. The

council publishes an annual directory of all American

tape products indicating their principal use and characteristics. It also maintains liaison with Government

agencies interested in pressure sensitive tapes.

The council has recently adopted a metric conversion program. It works closely with other trade asso- ciations in Europe and Japan.

PRINTING INDUSTRIES OF AMERICA, INC.,

1730 North Lynn Street,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

Printing Industries of America, Inc. the world's

largest trade association representing the graphic arts industry, was founded in 1887 as a federation of

national, state, and regional associations. It performs

a primary role in industrial relations, management

development, public relations and government affairs

for its industry. By its own efforts and through cooperation with other organizations, including the American National Standards Institute, it has maintained a continuing interest in the development of standards

for promoting technological progress and production

efficiencies. Recent activities have included a secretariat role in

American National Standards Committee B65, result- ing in Safety Specifications for Controls and Signaling

Devices for Printing Presses; participation with the

Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry in production ; operating communication standards

for magazine paper mills, printers and publishers;

publication of Virgin Vinyl Standards for Loose Leaf

Binders through its Binding Industries of America

Section; development of Standard Specifications for

Preparation of Computer Prepared Second and Third

Class Postage Mailing Labels, through its Magazine

Printers Section; preparation of standards for printing

plate gauges, sizes, tolerances, and packaging, through

its National Association of Grained Plate Manufacturers Section; participation with Magazine Publishers

Association and others in the development of standard

specifications for advertising reproduction material for

magazine web offset printing; and others through its Graphic Communications Computer Association and

International Business Forms Sections.

Absorbed: Lithographers and Printers' National Association (1964)

.

Formerly: United Typothetae of America (1945) ; Printing Industry of America, Inc. (1965)

.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE,

P.O. Box 43,

Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania 19026

The Project Management Institute (PMI) was

founded in October 1969 as a nonprofit organization

devoted exclusively to the field of project management. PMI's objectives are to: foster recognition of

the need for professionalism in project management;

provide a forum for the free exchange of project management problems, solutions and applications; coordinate industrial and academic research efforts; develop

common terminology and techniques to improve communications; provide interface between users and suppliers of hardware and software systems; and to provide guidelines for instruction and career development

in the field of project management.

Currently, standardization efforts represent perhaps

10-15 percent of the institute's efforts. The functions are performed through the Professional Liaison Committee which can call on and coordinate with the

Technology, Research Policy and Education Committees. The institute participates in national activities

through the American National Standards Committee

XK 36.3 and internationally, through liaison with an

appointed observer to Internet. PMI currently does not

deal with the Federal Government directly; a number

of members are Federal employees in agencies

involved with project management.

PULVERIZED LIMESTONE ASSOCIATION,

c/o Pfizer Inc.,

640 North 13th Street,

Easton, Pennsylvania 18042

The Pulverized Limestone Association was founded

in 1954. This association is composed of companies

engaged in manufacturing and selling pulverized

limestone products of a minimum fineness of 97

percent, passing through a 325 mesh screen. One of

141
the objects of this organization is to develop high and

uniform standards that can be usefully adapted by

manufacturers and users of pulverized limestone. As

part of this, it is also active in developing the best

and most useful method of testing significant properties of pulverized limestone.

The association sponsors research projects for the use of pulverized limestone in the manufacture of

paper, plastics, rubber, paints, floor coverings and

other useful applications as an inert filler material.

RACK MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE,

1326 Freeport Road,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15238

The RMI consists of 27 firms located throughout

the United States which are engaged in the design

and manufacture for sale of industrial steel storage

racks.

RMI has been active in several areas over the years,

notably in standardization and fire protection of high

rack storage areas. Its published standards and

nomenclature include: Standard Nomenclature for

Pallet Stacking Frames, Nomenclature for Drive-in

and Drive-thru Pallet Racks, Nomenclature for Pallet

Racks, Nomenclature for Cantilever Racks, and, most

recently, an Interim Specification for the Design, Test- ing and Utilization of Industrial Steel Storage Racks.

This specification was promulgated in the interest of

improved uniformity of rack performance and

enhanced public safety and supersedes the RMI's

Minimum Engineering Standards published in 1964.

RMI is currently engaged in a comprehensive seismic

analysis study with results to be released later this

year (1973).

The previously mentioned interim specification is currently under review by the American National

Standards Institute for acceptance as an American

National Standard.

RADIO TECHNICAL COMMISSION

FOR AERONAUTICS,

1717 H Street NW., Suite 655,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics

(RTCA) was formed in 1935. RTCA is a medium

through which the aviation community, industry and

Government, can discuss and resolve common technical problems in an atmosphere of confidence.

Through this process RTCA has become an organization that is universally recognized for its proven

accomplishments in the advancement of aeronautics.

It is an organization which enjoys confidence and

respect, both nationally and internationally. RTCA's

scope of activities is in the field of aviation electronics

and telecommunications, and in other closely allied

fields. Some examples of areas of interest are: determination of common operational requirements; state- of-the-art developments and applications; minimum

operational characteristics for airborne systems; minimum performance standards and test procedures;

environmental test procedures for electronic/electrical

instruments; operational and technical characteristics

of systems; aeronautical frequency spectrum utiliza- tion; and other problems associated with air traffic control, navigation, communications, and efficient utilization of airports and airspace. RTCA provides

leadership and guidance to industry and Government

by pinpointing common problems and requirements,

and by recommending solutions and applications

within the state-of-the-art. This includes monitoring

other activities and effectively following-up on

approved project studies. RTCA engages in studies of

common problems and the development of coordinated technical solutions; provides open forums for

the exchange of views; and operates as an information source, particularly with respect to common problems and requirements, developments, and potential

applications within the state-of-the-art. The work to accomplish RTCA's mission takes place

through each of its major elements: the Assembly, the

Executive Committee, the Technical Advisers, the

Special Committees, and the Secretariat. The general

membership of RTCA is known as the assembly, and

membership in the assembly is open to any United

States organization identified with some phase of

RTCA activities. It comprises over 100 Government

and industry organizations. The Federal Government

members include: the Department of State, Department of the Army, Department of the Navy, Department of the Air Force, U. S. Marine Corps, Department

of Commerce, Federal Aviation Administration, Federal Communications Commission, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U. S. Coast

Guard. International associate status is available to foreign organizations. Membership is not open to individuals. The affairs of RTCA are managed by its Executive Committee. Every assembly member is represented on the Executive Committee by a member

thereof who is appointed by the organization or membership group he represents. Technical advisers are appointed for a period of one year by the chairman.

They act in the capacity of expert consultants to RTCA. Special committees are authorized by the

Executive Committee. The memberships of special

committees are drawn principally from the RTCA

Assembly. The secretariat of RTCA, under the director. Technical Services, arranges technical forums,

briefings and committee meetings, maintains technical

liaison, publishes RTCA documents, and operates as a

technical information source for RTCA members.

RTCA devotes approximately 75 percent of its total program to its standardization activities. It has completed numerous studies on complex questions which

are of tremendous practical importance to aviation.

Included among these in recent years are: Universal

Air-Ground Digital Communications System Standards; Minimum Operational Characteristics for Airborne Systems; a New Guidance System for Approach

and Landing; and Minimum Performance Standards

for Emergency Locator Transmitters. A complete list of current reports is available on request from the

secretariat. Currently, special committees are in the

142
process of developing reports on the following subjects: U.S. National Aviation Standard for the VHF/

UHF Air-Ground Communications—Voice and Data;

VORTAC Improvements; Planning for 50 kHz VOR/

ILS Channeling; Environmental Conditions and Test

Procedures for Airborne Electronic/Electrical Equipment and Instruments; Altitude Encoders for use with

Aircraft Radar Transponder Beacons; Airborne Doppler Radars; and Airborne LORAN A and C Equipments. A complete list of current Special Committees

is contained in the Activities Report, available on re- quest from the secretariat.

RTCA has benefited from extensive international

participation in special committee activities. Special

committees also have developed and are producing

internationally-coordinated standards on airborne

equipment. This international coordination effort is underway with the European Organization for Civil

Aviation Electronics (an activity of the European

Civil Aviation Conference), and others, to meet the

international standardization needs of both manufacturers and users of electronic equipment. Certain

RTCA internationally-coordinated standards are recognized in connection with the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) of the International Civil

Aviation Organization, (ICAO).

THE RAILWAY TIE ASSOCIATION,

314 North Broadway,

St. Louis, Missouri 63102

The Railway Tie Association was founded in 1919

as the National Association of Railroad Tie Producers,

and changed to its current name in St. Louis, on

June 3, 1937. RTA is national in scope, with a membership of virtually all of the producers, pressuretreaters, and marketers of wood railroad cross ties, as well as most of the railroad users of wood cross ties represented by purchasing officers and maintenanceof-way officers. Perhaps 15 percent of the total program is consigned to the standardization program.

The standardization activities of the Railway Tie

Association are administered by the Executive Committee and by the Committee on Research and

Product Development.

The organization's participation in international

programs is somewhat limited, but through RTA's

Canadian membership, there exists a free exchange in

matters pertaining to wood cross tie specifications.

RTA cooperates freely with Government agencies on cross tie specifications. Recently, RTA provided

counsel for the proposed revision of the cross tie Federal Specification MM-T-371, to the U. S. Army

Mobility Equipment, Research and Development Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. The association has one

current standard: Specifications for Cross Ties and

Switch Ties of the Railway Tie Association.

The Railway Tie Association's active standards

committee is the Committee on Research and Product

Development. This committee is presently working

with the Association of American Railroads Research

Center and the Chicago and Northwestern Railway on

a research test track at Des Plaines, Illinois. RTA's

standards are promoted through Cross Ties, the

monthly magazine of the association.

RED CEDAR SHINGLE AND

HANDSPLIT SHAKE BUREAU,

5510 White Building,

Seattle, Washington 98101

At the request of this bureau, a general conference

of representative manufacturers, distributors, and

users of red cedar shingles was called in 1931 under

the auspices of the National Bureau of Standards,

following which there was adopted a Commercial

Standard for this commodity. At the request of

interested groups, the standard was later revised to include California redwood and tidewater red cypress

shingles, and issued as Commercial Standard CS31-33

for Wood Shingles. This standard, which was revised

in 1938 and 1952, covers No. 1 grade shingles, and

was accepted and approved for publication by the

National Bureau of Standards.

In order that interest might be increased in the

manufacture, sale, and use of high-grade shingles,

and consumers protected on the basis of quality, the

Red Cedar Shingle and Handsplit Shake Bureau

inaugurated a certification program. In accordance

with this program, the bureau developed a quality

label which manufacturers place on bundles of No. 1 grade red cedar shingles with a statement of guarantee that the shingles meet all the quality requirements

of the Commercial Standard. In addition, the bureau

maintains a corps of trained inspectors who visit the

plants at frequent, unannounced intervals to check on

the quality of shingles. Failure on the part of producers to comply with the requirements of the Commercial Standard results in loss of the right to use the

labels until satisfactory adjustment has been made.

Labels are also issued and placed on bundles of

shingles for No. 2 and No. 3 grades which are indicated in plain figures on the labels, and carry state- ments that the singles are guaranteed to meet all quality requirements of the respective grades, as shown in current grading and packing rules of the

Red Cedar Shingle and Handsplit Shake Bureau.

In 1955, at the request of this bureau, similar

standards were drawn up for machine-grooved red

cedar shakes and rebutted-rejointed red cedar shingles,

designated as CS199-55. These two products are derived from red cedar shingles, and are used for

exterior walls of buildings. A similar grademarking

and certification program is followed as in the case of

red cedar shingles, described above.

Formed by merger of: Red Cedar Shingle Bureau

and Handsplit Cedar Shake Association (l963).

REDWOOD INSPECTION SERVICE,

617 Montgomery Street,

San Francisco, California 94111

In 1961, the Redwood Inspection Service was

incorporated as a nonprofit organization for the pri143
mary purpose of establishing uniform grades of redwood lumber, preparation and distribution of

educational information and publications, consultation

with Government agencies concerning grades and

grading of redwood lumber, and supervision of grades

and grading of redwood and other species of lumber.

The service is the rules-promulgating agency for the

redwood lumber industry. Its membership includes

some 85 percent of the redwood production, the

number of members varying between 30 and 40. The

rules are developed by a Grading Committee and

approved by an 11 -member Board of Directors. Prior

to publication, the rules are submitted for approval by

the American Lumber Standards Committee (ALSC),

a quasi-public organization established under the

Voluntary Product Standards program of the U. S. Department of Commerce.

The service has in this manner adopted standard

specifications for grades, sizes, patterns, and grademarks for redwood lumber; planing mill products;

special purpose uses for redwood lumber including

tank stock, stadium seat stock, foundation sills, structural grades, structural glue laminating grades,

and miscellaneous products including railroad ties,

cooling tower material, shingles, and shakes.

It has also adopted official grademarks signifying

that products so marked have been graded in accord- ance with standard specifications of the Redwood

Inspection Service. These grademarks are applied by

qualified graders of member companies or by cooperating grading agencies operating within requirements

established by the American Lumber Standards Committee.

The service cooperates with other lumber organizations and with the American Lumber Standards Committee in keeping current the American Lumber

Standards set forth in the U. S. Department of Commerce Product Standard 20-70. The service's grading

rules for redwood lumber are in accordance with

these standards and approved by ALSC.

THE REFRACTORIES INSTITUTE,

1102 One Oliver Plaza,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222

The Refractories Institute, founded in 1951, is a nonprofit association of refractories manufacturers.

This association cooperates with national technical

associations regarding test methods for refractories.

A manual has been published entitled Recommended

Equipment and Procedure for the Palletized Loading

and Shipment of Refractory Products, 1970.

RESILIENT TILE INSTITUTE,

26 Washington Street,

East Orange, New Jersey 07017

For many years, this institute has prepared specifications for certain materials and methods in the

resilient flooring field, and has worked with the

Government in the preparation of similar Federal

specifications.

Following are the specifications currently published

by this institute: (a) Tile Specifications—Asphalt

Tile, Vinyl Asbestos Tile, Self-Adhering Vinyl Asbestos

Tile; (b) Adhesives, Cleaners and Polish Specifications —Adhesives (Cut Back), Adhesives (Emulsion),

Cleaners, Floor Polish (Water Emulsion) ; (c) Installation Specifications—Installation of Vinyl Asbestos and

Asphalt Tile for Floors, Installation of Vinyl Asbestos

Tile as a Wall Covering; and (d) Maintenance

Recommendations—Maintenance of Asphalt and

Vinyl Asbestos Tile, No-Wax Maintenance of Vinyl

Asbestos and Asphalt Tile in Commercial Buildings,

Floor Protection Devices for Hospitals, Floor Protection Devices for Schools.

RESISTANCE WELDER MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1900 Arch Street,

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103

The Resistance Welder Manufacturers' Association was founded in 1931. The development of standards

and specifications of this association is through its Technical Committee, assisted and advised by various

subcommittees. RWMA has developed specifications

for resistance welding machine: spot, press, portable,

seam, upset butt, flashbutt, etc. Standard classification of resistance welding elec- trode alloys has been developed, stating the minimum

permissible physical and electrical qualities. Trade names and numbers are identified and classified.

Standards have been developed for spot welding

electrode holders, welding electrodes (spot and seam) ; together with recommended electrode alloys for spot

welding of similar and dissimilar metal combinations.

Standard nomenclature and definitions on resist- ance welding equipment and techniques have been

developed. Cooperation of RWMA has assisted in

development of National Electric Manufacturers' Association standards on resistance welding controls.

RICE MILLERS' ASSOCIATION,

1048 Pennsylvania Building,

425 13th Street NW.,

Washington, B.C. 20004

The Rice Millers' Association was founded in 1899.

The association establishes standard contract terms

and conditions for trade in rice and rice products. It prescribes standard forms of sales contracts for use in

rice trade in the United States, Puerto Rico, and

export markets. The association has adopted and uses grade and quality standards for rice of the U. S. Department of Agriculture.

RUBBER MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

1901 Pennsylvania Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20006

The Rubber Manufacturers' Association was founded

in 1915. The Technical Committees of this organization's several product groups collaborate with Federal,

144
state and municipal agencies, domestic and foreign

associations, and individual commercial users in the

development of new or improved domestic and international standards and specifications for all kinds of

rubber and rubber-like products. Emphasis is placed on the practicality of physical requirements endeavoring to achieve a simplification and minimization of

sizes and types which will derive the greatest potential

economic benefit to producers, wholesalers, retailers,

and consumers through lowered processing, distri- bution, and inventory costs. The most efficient use of

labor and raw materials is also an objective.

Typical products covered by these standardization

activities include motor vehicle and agricultural tires;

transmission, conveyor and elevator belts; suction, discharge, air, steam, gasoline and fire hose of both

rubber and plastic; roll coverings and protective

linings; molded and extruded rubber products; sheet

rubber, mats and matting; 0-rings and shaft seals;

protective and fabric-upper footwear; druggists' sundries; surgical, hospital, and industrial rubber gloves,

tubing, sheeting, and other items; sponge rubber and

foam latex matresses, pillows, cushions and furniture

upholstery; carpet and rug underlays; rubber and

plastic heels, soling materials, and other shoe products; natural-rubber-type descriptions, and standard

samples.

Formerly: New England Rubber Club (1909) ; Rubber Club of America (1917) ; Rubber Association of

America (1929).

THE RUBBER RECLAIMERS

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

63 Radnor Avenue,

Naugatuck, Connecticut 06770

The association, founded in 1930, publishes standard recipes and procedures for testing reclaimed

rubber for use in rubber compounds. It also issues

specifications for scrap rubber as related to acceptable

grades and conditions for delivery to reclaimers.

SALT INSTITUTE,

206 North Washington Street,

Suite 300,

Alexandria, Virginia 22314

The organization was founded in 1914 as the Salt

Producers Association. In 1963, the corporate name

was changed to Salt Institute. The institute's activities

include research, information services. Government

relations, member services, and field services to users

of salt. It is a nonprofit trade association supported

by the world's major salt producers.

Approximately 20 percent of the institute's total program concerns standardization. The Technical

Director administers the standardization activities. The Technical Director is a U. S. Representative of

Sub-Committee 5 of the International Organization for

Standardization, Technical Committee 47. The insti- tute serves as the national as well as the international

standards representative for the salt industry. The

institute cooperates with the following Federal Government agencies in standardization activities: General Services Administration, National Bureau of

Standards, and the Department of the Army; and the

National Academy of Sciences. In addition to working

with the Federal Government in standardization

activities, the institute also works with various trade

associations that produce consensus standards such

as: the American Water Works Association, the

American Society for Testing and Materials, and the

U. S. Pharmacopeia.

SCAFFOLDING AND SHORING INSTITUTE,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

This institute, founded in 1960, includes manufacturers of scaffolding and shoring. SSI establishes

recommended criteria and inspection procedures for

the proper and safe use of scaffolding and shoring to support formwork in concrete construction. Its standardization activities have involved attempts to obtain

standardization of safety requirements in various state, city, and Federal codes. The institute has prepared

and distributed Recommended Safety Rules for Scaffolding and Steel Frame Shoring, Single Post Shores,

and Horizontal Shoring Beams.

Other publications are recommended erection procedures for scaffolding, vertical shoring, and horizontal shoring beams. The institute also prepared a booklet entitled "Recommended Safety Requirements

for Shoring Concert Formwork" (Rev. Dec. 1971).

Formerly: Steel Scaffolding and Shoring Institute.

SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS MAKERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1140 Connecticut Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

This national trade association, founded in 1918,

represents over 200 leading manufacturers and dis- tributors of scientific instruments and laboratory

apparatus. It is organized into seven product-oriented

sections: analytical instruments, laboratory apparatus,

measurement and test instruments, nuclear instruments, optical, process measurement and control, and

scientific laboratory furniture and equipment. Each

section has an active standardization program pursued

through a standards committee. Section standards

activities are coordinated by an overall SAMA Standardization Committee operating with a full-time

SAMA Standards Executive. All standards are formulated, processed, approved and published in accord- ance with a SAMA Standards Manual.

A total of 28 SAMA standards have been published.

These have been widely distributed through member

companies and related organizations, and their availability is published from time to time in the trade and

technical publications. Where appropriate SAMA

standards have been and are being advanced through

the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to become American National Standards.

145
The association sponsors and provides the secretariat for American National Standards Committee

ClOO, Electrical Reference Instruments, and American

National Standards Committee C39, Electrical and

Electronic Instruments, as well as 5 subcommittees of

C39. SAMA was instrumental in the recent establishment of ANSI technical advisory boards for Measurement and Control Instruments (MACTAB), and Medical Devices (MEDTAB).

SAMA cooperates and supports closely the related

standards making activities of: Instrument Society of

America, American Society for Testing and Materials,

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers,

National Conference of Standards Laboratories,

National Committee on Clinical Laboratory Standards,

Underwriters' Laboratories, National Fire Protection

Agency, American Petroleum Institute, Association

for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation, and

others. It maintains active liaison and support of Government agencies involved in standards and specifications, including: National Bureau of Standards, General Services Administration, Department of Defense,

Environmental Protection Agency, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Over the past 13 years SAMA has become increasingly active in international standards working with

the pertinent committees and working groups of the

International Organization for Standardization (ISO),

the International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) ; and more recently the International Organization for

Legal Metrology (OIML). The association supports

U.S. delegates to several committes and working

groups and sponsors working group and committee

secretariats.

Absorbed: Association of Nuclear Instrument Manufacturers (1917)

SHEET METAL, AND AIR CONDITIONING

CONTRACTORS' NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,

1611 North Kent Street,

Arlington, Virginia 22209

The Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors'

National Association, known as SMACNA, was established in 1944 as a nonprofit, incorporated, trade

association dedicated to the advancement of the sheet

metal, heating, ventilating, air-conditioning, industrial

sheet metal and roofing industries. Extensive activities

and services are carried out in four departments:

technical, labor relations, legislative affairs, and busi- ness management. Although some standards are developed for labor relations and safety practices, the

majority of the organization's standards are produced

by its Technical Services Department which employs

engineering and other technical staff who work in

conjunction with technical committees appointed

mainly from the membership. SMACNA's technical

standards fall in two general subject areas: duct

construction and architectural sheet metal.

SMACNA's technical documents have national

acceptance across the building and construction industry and the organization is the recognized authority on

duct construction detail and is a recognized authority on architectural metal detail. Current publications

are: Architectural Sheet Metal Manual, Architectural

Sheet Metal Specifications, Air Handling Specifications, Low Velocity Duct Construction Standards,

High Velocity Duct Construction Standards, Fibrous

Glass Duct Construction Standards, Balancing and

Adjustment of Air Handling Systems, Fire Damper

Guide for Air Handling Systems, Ducted Electric Heat

Guide for Air Handling Systems, Duct Liner Application Standard, Pressure Sensitive Tape Standards for

Fibrous Glass Duct, Residential Heating and Air-Conditioning System Installation Standards (SMACNANESCA), Thermoplastic Duct (PVC) Construction

Manual and Special Study Report on Fire Protection

for Ceiling Outlets.

Publications are currently being developed for

design of duct systems, flexible duct standards and

industrial duct construction.

Formerly: Sheet Metal Contractors' National Association (1956)

SNELL MEMORIAL FOUNDATION, INC.

761 Laurel Drive,

Sacramento, California 95825

The Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc. is a nonprofit

California corporation organized October 10, 1957. Its primary purpose is to carry out research in brain

trauma and protective headgear, and to develop and

utilize advanced techniques for related critical measurements. Much of its work has been carried out

under National Institutes of Health research grants.

It promulgated in 1959 the first standard for road

users' crash helmets in the United States, and has

established itself internationally as a pioneer and

leader in developing increasingly higher standards for

this usage. Its 1970 standard is generally recognized

as carrying the most stringent safety performance

requirements for road users' protective headgear in the

world today. It also has established 1973 standards of

safety performance criteria for skiier, bicyclist and

equestrian protective helmets.

The foundation's standards are not minimum standards. Rather, they represent the upper levels of

protective criteria which the manufacturing art is capable of meeting, and as that capability increases,

the level of the standard is raised. Since 1959, the

foundation has approved manufacturers' products

meeting these and other criteria for certification under

contractual agreements providing, among other matters, for ongoing random sample testing of helmets

taken from dealers' shelves. Through its certification

program, the foundation is able to keep in the forefront of improvements in the state of the manufacturing art, both as to methodology and materials, and to obtain data useful in its research program and

development of more sophisticated test procedures.

The foundation is secretariat for the American

National Standards Committee Z90 for road users' protective headgear; its research personnel serve as United States representatives on the International

146
Organization for Standardization (ISO) committees

for road user and industrial protective headgear; and

it has cooperated closely with research commands of

the U.S. Armed Forces, with state and local law

enforcement agencies, and with the Federal Trade

Commission. Nearing completion is a four-year study

of the adequacy of industrial protective helmets. The

foundation has published 13 papers. Copies of its standards are available from the foundation.

THE SOAP AND DETERGENT

ASSOCIATION,

475 Park Avenue South,

New York, New York 10016

This association, which was founded in 1926, is a

national trade group representing manufacturers of

well over 90 percent of the soap and detergents

produced in the United States and their raw material

suppliers. Through its Technical and Materials Division, it conducts research to determine the effect of

industry product constituents in water and sewage

treatment processes, on aquatic life and water

resources, and on consumer safety.

The association has acted as the coordinating

agency in developing a test procedure and standards

for determining the biodegradability of alkyl benzene

sulfonate and linear alkylate sulfonate. Participating

in the Joint Government/Industry Task Force on

Eutrophication, the association helped develop an

accepted standard algal assay procedure, which is now

available from the U. S. Environmental Protection

Agency. Subcommittees of the Technical and Materials Division are working with the Consumer Product

Safety Commission toward the development of protocols under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act,

which would establish the level of hazard of various

constitutents in consumer products.

The Technical and Materials Division has a con- tinuing program to review and evaluate existing

procedures and to develop new methods and standards

to meet current needs.

Formerly: Association of American Soap and Glycerine Producers.

SOCIETY FOR INFORMATION DISPLAY,

654 North Sepulveda Boulevard,

Los Angeles, California 90049

The Society for Information Display, organized in

1962, is a private, nonprofit, nongovernment organization. Its primary efforts are in the field of computer

derived dynamic information display. The standardization program is approximately 5 percent of the

total program and is administered by the Definitions

and Standards Committee. This committee is involved

in international programs to the extent that the committees of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers (IEEE), Electronic Industries Association

(EIA) and American National Standards Institute

(ANSI), in which it is active, are involved. These

committees are American National Standards Committee X-3, IEEE/Electron Devices and EIA/6.16.

No standards have been issued as yet but several are

in preparation as a result of joint activities with the

other organizations. These standards are concerned

with light emitting diodes (IEEE), industrial cathode

ray tubes (EIA), and fonts for alphanumeric dot

characters (IEEE/ANSI), and are all national in

scope.

SOCIETY FOR TECHNICAL

COMMUNICATION, INC.,

Suite 421,

1010 Vermont Avenue NW.,

Washington, DX. 20005

The Society for Technical Communication (STC) was established in 1958 through a series of mergers of

local and regional groups which had been formed

throughout the country by persons concerned with the

preparation and dissemination of technical communication. It is a nonprofit, educational membership

organization whose purpose is to advance the theory

and practice of technical communication in all media.

It has chapters in the United States and Canada and

members in foreign countries.

Activities include chapter programs, an annual

international technical communication conference,

publication of a journal, and standards and reference

material used in technical documentation, manuals,

reports, and writings. The STC Standards Council is interested primarily in two broad categories of standards: (1) guidelines which bear directly upon the profession of technical communication, (2) data and

procedural standards which govern science, engineering, and the art that must be applied, interpreted or referenced in technical communication. STC has

liaison with the American National Standards Insti- tute, the Metric Association and others concerned

with publication of technical information.

Formed by merger of: Association of Technical

Writers and Editors; Society of Technical Writers

(1957).

SOCIETY OF ALLIED WEIGHT

ENGINEERS, INC.,

Box 60024,

Terminal Annex,

Los Angeles, California 90054

The Society of Aeronautical Weight Engineers was

organized in 1939 in Los Angeles, California, and was

incorporated as a nonprofit organization April 2, 1941.

The society is now international. Effective January 1,

1973, the society name was changed to the Society of

Allied Weight Engineers, Inc. The purpose of SAWE is (a) to promote recognition of weight control as a specialized branch of engineering; (b) to exchange weight information for

mutual benefit; (c) to combine efforts to reduce the

weight of purchased equipment; (d) to promote a

better understanding among weight engineers; and

(e) to promote and enhance the professional status of

147
weight engineers and to encourage study of mass

properties and weight engineering problems.

SAWE has contributed its services to the accom- pUshment of: standardization of mass property forms;

standardization of mass property procedure; standardization of method of determining trapped residuals;

development of detail weight statement; development

of mass properties data for higher learning; development of accessory weight data; sponsorship of

exchange of weight data; exchange between airline

members of information concerning weight reduction on airline equipment; the collection of standard

weights of raw stock and hardware together with engineering data into the "SAWE Weight Handbook."

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS,

400 Commonwealth Drive,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15096

Standardization has been an important activity of

this society from its very beginning. It now carries on

technical standardization work for the motor vehicle,

aircraft, airline, space vehicles, farm tractor, earthmoving, and roadbuilding machinery, and other manufacturing industries using internal combustion

engines. With the exception of aerospace, safety and

environmental standards, which are published in looseleaf form, the basic standards of the society are published annually in the SAE Handbook. The society's

standardization work is under the general direction of

the SAE Technical Board which organizes such technical committees as may be necessary to carry on the

work. The society's standards and technical committee activities also include active advisory cooperation

with the Armed Forces and numerous other Federal

and state government agencies. SAE is active in international standardization and sponsors several U. S. Technical Advisory Groups for International Organization for Standardization projects under the auspices

of the American National Standards Institute. In

addition, many SAE standards have found international usage by being voluntarily adopted by foreign

industry or government. SAE standards are national

in scope and are used widely throughout the international vehicle technical community.

The SAE standardization activity began in 1902

with the adoption of standards by the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers. In 1903, the

Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers

(ALAM) was organized by manufacturers licensed

under the Selden Patent. In 1910, the society took

over from the Mechanical Branch of the ALAM its work of preparing technical data and appointed the

first standards committee in the automotive industry.

During the years immediately following, other industries began to use internal combustion engines more

widely, and it became evident that the SAE was the

logical body in which to centralize all such activities.

In 1917, the American Society of Aeronautics Engineers and the Society of Tractor Engineers merged

with the SAE and soon thereafter the National Association of Engine and Boat Manufacturers and the

National Gas Engine Association merged their engineering and standardization work in the SAE, and

the Society of Automobile Engineers then became the

Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. In 1926, the

society initiated standardization in automotive production engineering, and in 1931 adopted the first standardization in the motor transport field. In cooperation with the American Petroleum Institure, SAE sustains the Coordinating Research Council. This council was set up in 1942 to conduct

cooperative research and similar work aimed at mating

fuels and lubricants to power plants.

All standards, specifications, and reports developed

by the society are made available for industry, the

Government, or other usage on a voluntary basis.

Currently there are approximately 3,000 standards

and specifications covering the on-highway, off-highway and aerospace fields. Frequent checks are made to determine usefulness of each document. Unused

documents are canceled. SAE interfaces in some way

with every agency of the Government that is concerned

with the design, manufacture or regulation of the

vehicle. In most instances, SAE provides the means

by which industry and government personnel can come together as individuals to discuss common technical problems and to work out feasible solutions to these problems. Because of the Government's interest

in regulatory activities relating to the transportation

equipment, and as a large volume purchaser of vehicles

of all types. Government agencies have long drawn

upon SAE and its cooperative engineering program for

information and assistance. SAE standards are recognized in government publications as methods for

measuring or testing for establishing minimum technical requirements in areas where government regulatory control has been established.

SOCIETY OF DIE CASTING ENGINEERS,

16007 West 8 Mile Road,

Detroit, Michigan 48235

Established in 1954, the society is a nonprofit organization, incorporated in the State of Michigan in

1955. It exists to serve the interests of its members

and others working in the die casting industry and

associated industries. The society has a Technical

Council with subcommittees working in several fields

including safety, machinery, alloys, process, dimensions, metrication, quality, die design and coatings.

The society collaborates with other, older-established societies in the cast metals field in the establishment of consensus standards in the above areas.

It also provides guidance for research workers in cast metals, but does no research work itself. THE SOCIETY OF MANUFACTURING

ENGINEERS,

20501 Ford Road,

Dearborn, Michigan 48128

SME was founded in 1932 as the American Society

of Tool Engineers. From 1960 to 1969 it was known

148
as the American Society of Tool and Manufacturing

Engineers and in 1970 it became the Society of Manufacturing Engineers.

The change in name reflects the evolution of the

manufacturing engineering profession, and the growth

and increased sophistication of a technical society that

has gained an international reputation for being the

most knowledgeable and progressive voice in this field. SME's function is to follow and assess the trends

and developments in manufacturing; then to interpret,

publish, and distribute the information. It provides a common ground and focal point from which manufacturing engineers and corporate managers can share

ideas, information and accomplishments.

Engineering standards are of great concern to the

manufacturing community and hence a vital part of

this organization. Those standards activities sponsored

by this society, and those which this society has representation on, are coordinated by the Technical Divisions of SME. SME has worked closely with the

National Bureau of Standards, the American National

Standards Institute, and the American Society for

Testing and Materials in establishing standards in

various fields. Standards which this society currently

fosters include: Decimalized Measure, Industrial Diamond Dressing Tools, Safety Codes for the Care, Use,

and Protection of Power Driven Brushing Tools, Tooling Nomenclature, Scales for Use in Decimal Inch

Measure. These are the nationally sponsored standards of SME. In addition to this there are over 200

senior chapters of the SME, and each of these chapters has a standing committee devoted to the reviews

and implementation of standards. Each committee

reviews the standards in their particular area or field of expertise and initiates action or offers comment

where necessary.

Formerly: American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers.

SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND

TELEVISION ENGINEERS

862 Scarsdale Avenue,

Scarstlale, New York 10583

The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers is a nonprofit organization concerned with the

engineering aspects of motion pictures, television,

instrumentation, high-speed photography, and the

allied arts and sciences. Founded in 1916 to develop

technical standards for motion picture engineering, it has expanded to include television and the areas mentioned above. As secretariat of two American National

Standards Committees. PH22 Motion Pictures and

C98 Combined Visual-Aural Magnetic Recording for

Television, SMPTE is responsible for generating and

maintaining standards for these disciplines.

The society fulfills its objectives, as well as the

standards program, by : (a) presenting technical papers

at monthly meetings held by its 13 chapters; (h)

arranging semiannual week-long technical conferences

with technical papers sessions and equipment exhibits;

(c) publishing a monthly technical journal; and (d)

manufacturing and distributing technical test film for

motion pictures and television.

Formerly: Society of Motion Picture Engineers

(1950).

THE SOCIETY OF NAVAL ARCHITECTS

AND MARINE ENGINEERS

74 Trinity Place,

New York, New York 10006

This society, in cooperation with other interested

organizations such as the American National Standards Institute and the International Organization for

Standardization, takes an active part in the establishment of standards, guidelines and codes relating to the design, construction, maintenance and operation

of merchant marine ships, yachts, boats, offshore and

ocean bottom structures, hydrofoils, surface effect ships and submersibles.

SNAME, founded in 1893, administers an extensive

and active Technical and Research (T&R) Program

involving over 900 volunteer members covering all aspects of the above technologies, in cooperation with

the Government including its regulatory agencies,

scientific and research laboratories, academic institu- tions and the marine industry. It thus assists in the

development of internationally recognized codes and

standards on such subjects as shipboard vibration

measurements, ship equipment shop and installation

tests, ship sea trial acceptance tests, selection of high

strength and alloy steels, allowable stresses in ships,

guides to allowable abrasive blasting, coating systems

and deck coverings, shipboard cranes, life support sys- tems, centralized control and automation, shipboard

nuclear power plant safety and others.

SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS

INDUSTRY INC.,

250 Park Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

This is a trade and technical society of over 1200

companies in all branches of tlie plastics industry

interested in quality standards, research, uniform

accounting, traffic rates, wage rate surveys, tariffs,

codes, public relations, informative labeling, safety,

fire prevention, food packaging, etc. It was founded in

1937.

SPI runs a number of industry conferences each

year and sponsors the National Plastics Exposition

every three years, usually in Chicago.

The companies making up the membership of this

society are: injection, compression, and transfer molders; laminators; extruders; fabricators; calenderers;

printers; embossers; reinforced plastics processors; raw material suppliers; machinery and equipment manufacturers: tool, die, and mold makers; research, development, and testing laboratories.

The society's members are located throughout the

United States, Canada, and 28 other countries.

Branch offices are maintained in Chicago at 3150 Des

Plaines Ave., Des Plains, Illinois 60018 and Los Angeles at 611 South Catalina Street.

149
For years SPI has worked closely with the U.S.

Department of Commerce through the National

Bureau of Standards toward the development of Commercial Standards and Voluntary Product Standards

for plastic products. The cooperative efforts of companies in the plastics industry, the society, and the

National Bureau of Standards have proved highly successful. As a result, these industry standards represent

the largest number of voluntary standards prepared by

any trade association through the Department of

Commerce.

Voluntary standards have been published by the

Department of Commerce on the following plastics

products: TFE-Fluorocarbon (Polytetrafluorethylene)

Resin Molded Basic Shapes; Polyvinyl Chloride

(PVC) Plastic Pipe; Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Lipe;

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe;

TFE-Fluorocarbon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Resin

Electrical Insulating Tubing; TFE-Fluorocarbon

(Polytetrafluoroethylene) Resin Sheet; TFE-Fluorocarbon (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Resin Flexible Hose

(Wire Braid Reinforced), Vinyl-Metal Laminates;

Polyethylene Sheeting (Construction, Industrial &

Agricultural Applications) ; Vinyl Plastic Weatherstrip; Styrene Rubber Plastic Sewer and Drain Pipe

and Fittings; Rigid Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride

Pipe; Flexible Polyethylene Plastic Pipe; Polyethylene

Film; Gel-Coated Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester

Resin Shower Receptors; Gel-Coated Glass-Fiber Reinforced Resin Bathtubs; Rigid ABS Plastic Pipe (IPS

Dimensions) ; Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polyester Corrugated Structural Plastics Panels; Melamine Dinner- ware (Alpha-Cellulose-Filled) for Household Use;

Vinyl Chloride Plastics Garden Hose; Solvent Welded

(SWP Size) Cellulose-Acetate Butyrate Pipe; Rigid

Polyvinyl Chloride Sheets; General Purpose Vinyl

Plastic Film; Heavy-Duty Alpha-Cellulose Filled

Melamine Tableware; Polystyrene Plastic Wall Tiles,

and Adhesives for their Application.

In addition, SPI committees are continually working

on the preparation of other standards for plastics

products for submission to the American Society for

Testing and Materials and the American National

Standards Institute (ANSI). SPI financially supports

ANSI acting as secretariat to International Organization for Standardization, ISO TC-61 and participates

fully in its activities.

SOUTHERN BUILDING CODE CONGRESS,

INTERNATIONAL

3617 Eighth Avenue, South,

Birmingham, Alahama 35222

The Southern Building Code Congress established

in 1945, is a private, nonprofit, quasi-legislative organization, dedicated to the codification of minimum

construction standards in a family of documents.

Each code promulgated outlines standards which

insure adequate safety to life, public health and welfare without adding unnecessarily to the costs of

proposed structures. The codes produced by SBCC

are as follows: Southern Standard Building Code;

Southern Standard Plumbing Code; Southern Standard Gas Code; Southern Standard Housing Code; and

the Southern Standard Mechanical Code.

The congress has established a mechanism by

which building code regulations are developed

through the due process necessary for laws, regardless

of whether they regulate human behavior or building

activity.

As new technologies evolve, additions, subtractions

and alterations to the contents of the codes become

necessary. Each year, carefully written and edited

changes are proposed by code officials, inspectors,

architects, engineers, builders and associates from

industry, manufacturer-producers and testing and

research institutes. These proposed changes, substantiated by extensive documentation, are reviewed for

clarity and content and then are printed in the October edition of Southern Building magazine, the

monthly publication of the SBCC. In late October the

Annual Research Conference of the SBCC is held.

The codes produced by the SBCC may be adopted

by any city, county or state where adoption by refer- ence is permitted. This adoption method merely

requires passage of an enabling ordinance and the

filing of three public record copies of each adopted

code with the clerk of the respective Government

agency. The ordinance should refer to the code by

title, edition, name of the publisher and date.

The ordinance should include provisions to repeal

all other conflicting ordinances and regulations and

should establish or update fire districts as outlined on

a map, also to be filed with the clerk. Once the

enabling ordinance is adopted by the governing body,

the clerk certifies its adoption and causes the ordi- nance to be published in a local newspaper. Publication of such an ordinance of adoption by reference

should be done in conformity with state laws. A suggested wording of an ordinance of adoption can be

furnished upon request.

Most Government agencies using the Southern

Standard Codes have adopted them by the method

outlined.

SOUTHERN HARDWOOD LUMBER

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

Sterick Building,

Memphis, Tennessee 38103

The Southern Hardwood Lumber Manufacturers'

Association was founded in 1935. Southern hardwoods are graded under the rules of the National

Hardwood Lumber Association, as are all hardwoods

manufactured in the United States and Canada. This

organization cooperates with the National Hardwood

Lumber Association in grade standardization of hardwood lumber; also with Government agencies and

all lumber associations in the development of American Lumber Standards fostered by the Department of

Commerce.

Formerly: Southern Hardwood Producers Inc.

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SOUTHERN PINE INSPECTION BUREAU

P.O. Box 846,

Pensacola, Florida 32594

This bureau is an autonomous nonprofit agency and

is the recognized organization in the southern pine

industry for the formulation and maintenance of grading standards. Since 1940, the Southern Pine Inspection Bureau has carried on a standardization program

in developing grading rules for southern pine lumber

carried on for more than 25 years previously by the

Southern Pine Association. These rules are in conformity with American Lumber Standards as set forth in

the current edition of Voluntary Product Standard PS

20-70, published by the National Bureau of Standards.

The Southern Pine Inspection Bureau took an

active part in the formulation of these national standards and has direct representation on the American

Lumber Standards Committee. This bureau also is

officially represented on the Technical Committee on Timber of the American Society for Testing and

Materials with reference to the preparation of standard

specifications for timber and timber products.

The bureau's functions are to maintain standards of

size and definite grade classifications, as reflected in

its published grading and inspection rules, for the

benefit of the lumber-using public and of the industry, and to provide competent and adequate inspection

facilities. These inspection facilities are universally

regarded as fair and impartial, and are used not only

as a means of adjudicating disputes as to grades

between buyers and sellers but also for the certification

of southern pine lumber before shipment from the

mill. The grading and manufacture of subscribers to the bureau are under the supervision of bureau quality supervisors and those mills which prove their

efficiency in grading and agree to maintain the established standards of size and grade are licensed to grademark their lumber with a bureau mark symbolizing such supervision and efficiency.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION,

235 Park Avenue South,

New York, New York 10003

Special Libraries Association, founded in 1909, is an

international organization of 8,000 professional

librarians and information experts. Special libraries serve industry, business, Government, research, educational and technical institutions—all organizations,

both public and private, requiring or providing specialized information. The association encourages and promotes the utilization of knowledge through the

collection, organization, and dissemination of information for the general welfare and the advancement of

mankind.

The association has published a 20 page brochure

entitled Objectives for Special Libraries. It sets forth

standards for objectives, staff, collection, services,

physical facilities, and budget for special libraries. A

companion brochure. Profiles of Special Libraries,

describes desirable practices in six different prototype

libraries. Special Library Sketchbook describes actual

operations of 12 special libraries.

SLA commits approximately 1-2 percent of its total program to standardization activities. The organization

participates in the work of a number of American

National Standards Sectional Committees: Z39

Library Work and Documentation; Z85 Library

Equipment and Supplies; PH5 Photographic Reproduction of Documents. It is also represented on the

ALA Library Technology Program Advisory Committee which develops standards for library binding,

equipment, and supplies. The SLA Standards Committee provides overall guidance in this area. SLA is a member of International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) and International Federation for

Documentation (FID). A triennial salary survey is undertaken and published in Special Libraries, the

official journal.

SPECIALTY WIRE ASSOCIATION,

1625 Eye Street NW.,

Washington, B.C. 20006

The Specialty Wire Association (SWA) was organized in 1937 as a nonprofit trade association made up

of companies who manufacture from steel rod all forms of steel and alloy steel wire for industrial uses. Typical commodities are spring wire, stapling wire,

rope wire and tire bead wire.

The technical program of the association was

begun in 1944 to provide manufacturers and purchasers of fine and specialty wire with technical information relating primarily to the production and

standards of performance of such wires. The purpose

of the program is to make it easier for the buyer to specify the kind of wire that is wanted, and for the

buyer and manufacturer to arrive at a mutual understanding of the specifications a given wire is to have.

This program is conducted by SWA's Technical

Advisory Committee, made up of technical representatives of specialty wire manufacturers.

The Technical Committee has published two

Standards Manuals, Volume I covering round wire

and Volume II covering flat and shaped wires. These

two volumes contain recommended standards for over 160 steel wire commodities.

SPORTING ARMS AND AMMUNITION

MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE,

420 Lexington Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute was founded in 1926 (succeeding an

organization active during and immediately following

World War I known as the Society of American Manufacturers of Small Arms and Ammunition). The

purpose of SAAMI is to serve the mutual interests of

the U.S. sporting firearms and ammunition industry

with emphasis on activities to assure safe use of these

products by sportsmen and others having a lawful

need for them. In terms of manpower and hours

devoted by representatives of member companies who

151
serve on SAAMI's several committees, study groups

and task forces, most of the institute's program is devoted to product safety and standardization.

Product standards and product safety activities are administered by the SAAMI Technical Committee

under general direction of SAAMI's Executive and

Policies and Practices Committees. A Product Safety

Subcommittee and two task forces, one for ammunition and a second for firearms, are engaged in product

standards development; they are responsive to the

Technical Committee. A key SAAMI staff member is

its Director of Product Safety.

The SAAMI Technical Committee is actively

reviewing current industry test methods, procedures,

and recommended manufacturing safety practices. At

the committee's initiative, there have been adopted

two voluntary industry standards recognized as SAAMI standards. Their titles are: SAAMI Standard

for Rim Fire Ammunition—Velocity and Pressure;

SAAMI Standard for Rim Fire Dimensions—Ammunition—Firearms Chambers and Bores. These particular standards were submitted for the review procedure

prescribed by the American National Standards Insti- tute (ANSI) and offered for recognition as American

National Standards. The Technical Committee is reviewing other data with respect to firearms for possible consideration and adoption as industry standards.

Should a new industry standard be adopted, it would

be submitted to the procedure of review/recognition/

adoption as American National Standards.

The SAAMI Technical Committee establishes

definitive proof loads recommended for factory testing

of U.S. made sporting firearms, thus assuring greater

safety to the users of such arms. This committee also

maintains liaison with the Department of Defense in

relation to manufacturing, testing and performance

specifications of commercial ammunition purchased

by the Government.

The scope of SAAMI is national. Through common

usage, SAAMI data sheets dealing with recommended

maximum cartridge-minimum chamber dimensions are

international in scope. SAAMI is the only trade asso- ciation in the United States actively engaged in

sporting arms and ammunition product standards

development and promulgation. At this time there is no certification program.

SAAMI meinbership includes ten (out of twelve)

principal U. S. and Canadian producers of sporting

firearms; the four major North American makers of

sporting ammunition; all four commercial producers of

smokeless propellants in the United States and Canada. Thus, SAAMI standards and the practices, procedures and recommendations set forth in the

SAAMI Technical Committee Manual are recognized

throughout American and Canadian industry.

SPORTS CAR CLUB OF AMERICA,

INCORPORATED,

Post Office Box 22476,

Denver, Colorado 80222

This is a nonprofit organization with approximately

23,000 members, founded in 1944 and incorporated in

the State of Connecticut. The club sanctions national

and regional races and three major professional racing

series listed on the International Calendar. It also

sanctions rallies (precision driving tests over a given

route at an exact speed), gymkhanas (intricate driving maneuvers in a cleared area), concours d'elegance

(rating cars by a correlation of age, condition and

equipment of the vehicle), and numerous international events and world championship races. SCCA has developed safety standards for competitions, and standards and procedures for speed events

for automobiles which may take part in events, for

issuance of competition licenses, and for the organization and conduct of its events. These standards and

procedures are set forth in its publications: Production Car Specifications; General Competition Rules;

and Rally and Solo Rules. In addition, SCCA sponsors American National

Standards Sectional Committee Z90, Vehicular Head

Protection. This committee is concerned with safety

requirements for head protection for automobile

drivers engaged in high hazard activities or occupations, as well as crash helmets for motorcyclists.

American National Standard Z90.1-1971, developed

by this committee, was recently issued.

SOUTHERN CYPRESS MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1614 Berwick Road,

Jacksonville, Florida 32207

This association has formulated and adopted standard specifications for grades of tidewater red cypress

which are in conformity with the American Lumber

Standard, Voluntary Product Standard PS 20-70.

Recognizing the need for uniform marking and

authoritative supervision of the marking of standard

grades of red cypress lumber, this association has

adopted standard grademarks. The insignia "SCMA"

is the property of the Southern Cypress Manufacturers' Association. Only licensed inspectors of this

association or competent inspectors or manufacturers

authorized by the association to officially grademark

cypress, are permitted to place this mark on lumber.

Lumber bearing this symbol is officially grademarked.

The appearance of official marks on planing mill products such as flooring, ceiling, bevel siding, drop siding,

etc., indicate an official grademark for the particular

product of the planing mill.

SPRING MANUFACTURERS' INSTITUTE,

24 Steams Street,

P.O. Box 959,

Bristol, Connecticut 06010

The Spring Manufacturers' Institute (SMI) is an

organization of the manufacturers of precision

mechanical springs dedicated to the advancement of

the spring industry. In 1933 representatives of spring

firms met in Buffalo, New York, and organized the

Spring Manufacturers' Association. Forty spring manufacturers were listed as charter members. Through

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the years, the scope of the organization's activities

gradually broadened. An indication of the increasing

technical nature of the organization was its name

change in 1961 to the Spring Manufacturers' Institute. Today, the institute has more than 190 members,

approximately 150 parent firms and the balance,

branch plants. SMI keeps spring makers abreast of the

newest developments in materials, equipment, manufacturing procedures, management methods through

technical sessions, and through publication of Springs,

Magazine, organ of the industry.

SMI maintains realistic spring standards in keeping

with current technological requirements and works

with material and equipment suppliers to improve

industry capabilities. SMI develops valuable materials

such as the SMI Spring Design Calculator and the

SMI Handbook of Spring Design, a basic manual

developed by SMI for use in designing springs.

Included are standards for compression, extension,

torsion, flat and hot wound springs; data on wire

spring materials, tolerances, etc.; and a glossary of

spring terms.

In October of 1972, representatives of SMI Standards Committee met with representatives of the German Spring Manufacturers Association in Chicago and

again in Germany in April, 1973 to develop what is hoped will become a universal glossary of spring symbols or signs. The SMI Standards Committee is one

of the most active and productive of all SMI committees. Since the first edition of the SMI Standards

Manual published in 1949, revisions have been made

in 1959, 1962, 1964 and 1968. In 1970 a companion

publication was issued, a Design Handbook, to round

out the service potential of the manual. Now the

manual and handbook are combined into a single

publication with the information contained in the two

books revised and consolidated in a manner to make

its use easier. For the first time the manual contains

information on hot wound springs and a metric-U.S.

units conversion table. Considerable progress has been made in gaining

industrywide acceptance of these spring standards and

efforts are continuing in standardizing the nomenclature, design techniques, and tolerances for the spring

industry.

SPRINKLER IRRIGATION ASSOCIATION,

13975 Connecticut Avenue,

Suite 310,

Silver Spring, Maryland 20906

The Sprinkler Irrigation Association, founded in

1949, is a national trade organization whose membership is made up of manufacturers and distributors of

sprinkler irrigation equipment, designers and installers

of sprinkler irrigation systems for turf and agriculture,

engineers and university and government personnel

interested in and active in the field. The organization is active in the field of setting

standards and specifications both on its own initiative

and through close cooperation with allied organizations such as the American Society of Agricultural

Engineers. Standards and specifications are drawn up

through two levels of groups functioning within the

organization: commodity divisions and special committees. Commodity groups, organized along lines of

manufactured products, can set standards for their

particular phase of the industry and are set up in the

following categories: quick couplings and fittings; tubing and pipe; sprinklers; pump and power units;

mechanical move; and center pivot. Committees

active in the area of standards and specifications are

the Standards and Specifications Committee and the

Turf Committee.

Currently under review are new standards for instal- lation of turf irrigation systems. Recently submitted

to the National Electrical Code Committee were final

recommendations of the Center Pivot Commodity

Division for the adoption of new code requirements for

electrically driven center pivot systems.

STANDARDS ENGINEERS SOCIETY,

2617 East Hennepin Avenue,

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55413

This is a professional technical society of standards

engineers founded in 1947, incorporated in 1956, and

currently consisting of some 1000 individual members

organized in 20 local sections throughout the United

States and Canada. The objectives of this association

are: (1) to provide a forum for the interchange of

information on standardization and standardization

methods. This forum is provided by meetings at the

local and national level; and by the publications of

the society—a bimonthly magazine, Standards Engineering and an annual Proceedings; (2) to further

standardization as a means of enhancing general welfare; (3) to promote knowledge and use of approved

standards; (4) to encourage additions to the literature

of standardization; and (5) to stimulate education in

standardization at the collegiate level. The society

recognizes accomplishments in standards work by

appropriate awards and by a membership structure which includes the grade of Fellow and Honorary Life

Fellow.

STEATITE MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

331 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

This association was formed in 1956 by manufacturers of Steatite, which is a generic term for kiln

fired ceramic compositions composed chiefly of vari- ous magnesium silicate crystals.

Standardization work of the Steatite Manufacturers' Association is published in standards, which

includes general test methods, inspection sampling,

loss factor tests, resistance to thermal and other technical explanations.

Copies of the standards may be obtained by writing

to the secretary.

153
STEEL BAR MILLS ASSOCIATION,

1125 West Lake Street, Room 208,

Oak Park, lUinois 60301

This association, founded as a voluntary trade asso- ciation in 1911, and named the Rail Steel Bar Association, became the Steel Bar Mills Association

(SBMA) in 1968. SBMA is involved with the solution of operational problems in electric furnace steel- making and rolling of bar products to accepted

standards from billet, rail and axle steel. Standards activities, primarily in the development of

bar standards in billet, rail and axle steel, are undertaken in a dual cooperative basis with the American

Society for Testing and Materials and other standards

groups.

The Association Technical Committee, the Association Permanent Rail Steel Committee and the

Product Quality Committee of the Plant Operations

Division, maintain ongoing work in standards. Cooperation with Canadian standards activity is part of the

work of SBMA as well as frequent and continuing

activity with the National Bureau of Standards.

SBMA does not issue standards but sponsors American Society for Testing and Materials Standards in

A616, A617 Rail and Axle Steel Concrete Reinforcing

Bars and a Standard Specification for Hot Rolled Steel

Fence Posts (respectively). Additional counsel and

committee activity with ASTM are also undertaken by

the association.

STEEL DECK INSTITUTE,

9836 West Roosevelt Road,

P.O. Box 270,

Westchester, Illinois 60153

Organized in 1939 by manufacturers of steel roof

deck, the institute insures uniform industry standards

for the engineering design, manufacture, and field

usage of steel roof deck throughout the United States. Through its institute, members of the industry strive to maintain a high-quality product, promote good

building regulations, disseminate information relative

to the proper use of steel roof deck and engage in

research programs to improve performance.

The institute's Technical Committee, appointed

from the staff of its membership, studies technical

problems, analyzes and evaluates existing and new

methods to assure safe construction, and initiates

research projects, such as fire resistance tests at nationally recognized laboratories. A major testing

program having the objective of developing reliable,

unbiased standard performance values for steel decking used as a horizontal diaphragm was completed in

1972, at West Virginia University. A publication.

Tentative Recommendations for the Design of Steel

Deck Diaphragms, resulted from this research effort. The institute's primary publication is the Steel Roof

Deck Design Manual, which incorporates Basic Design

Specifications, Standard Load Tables, Code of Recommended Standard Practice, and Recommendations for

Field Storage and Erection.

Formerly: Metal Roof Deck Technical Institute.

STEEL DOOR INSTITUTE,

c/o Thomas Associates, Inc.,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

The Steel Door Institute was founded in 1954 and

is an organization of manufacturers of swing type

steel doors and frames used in commercial, industrial

and residential construction, both single and multifamily.

The standardization program of the institute represents approximately 50 percent of its total program.

The standardization activity is administered by the

institute's Technical Committee. The Technical Committee is involved in international programs indirectly

through the Underwriters' Laboratories and the American Society for Testing and Materials. Close and

extensive liaison is maintained with Federal agencies

which include General Services Administration; Corps

of Engineers, Departments of the Army and Air

Force; Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Housing Administration; Veterans

Administration; United States Postal Service; and

Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The

institute issues standards in the form of technical data

sheets and American National Standards. The technical data series represents 14 separate publications

and the American National Standard series represents

two publications. The standards activity is national in

scope.

STEEL FOUNDERS' SOCIETY OF AMERICA,

Cast Metals Federation Building,

20611 Center Ridge Road,

Rocky River, Ohio 44116

The Steel Founders' Society of America was established in 1902. The society has issued a Recommended Minimum Standard for Commercial Carbon

Steel Castings, and tentative specifications for steel foundry raw materials covering: (1) Western

Bentonite, (2) Gelatinized Cereal Binder, (3) Zircon

Sand and Flour, (4) Washed and Dried Sand, (5)

Crude Sand, (6) Forsterite and/or Olivine Aggregate

and Flour, (7) Cast Steel Abrasives, (8) Malleable

Iron Abrasives, (9) Moldable Exothermic Pad Materials, and (10) Exothermic Materials for Molded

Exothermic Sleeves. The Specifications Committee

has other raw material specifications in process. The

society is represented on specification committees of

other organizations, and cooperates particularly with

technical committees of the American Society for

Testing and Materials in the development of standards

and methods of test for steel and steel castings, metallography, radiographic and magnetic particle testing,

and other matters of interest.

Absorbed: Alloy Casting Institute (1970).

154
STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE,

2001 Jefferson Davis Highway,

Suite 707,

Arlington, Virginia 22202

This institute is a nonprofit organization of manufacturers actively engaged in the fabrication and distribution of open web steel joists. It was organized in

1928 to place the industry on a sound engineering

basis. Its objectives are to establish and standardize

methods of design and construction for open web steel

joists, to provide test and research data for public

dissemination, to assist in the development of appropriate building code regulations, and to publish information relative to the proper use of steel joists in the

interest of safety and the public welfare.

The institute's first standard specification was

adopted in 1928 and its first load table was adopted

the following year. Its current Standard Specifications

and Load Tables for Open Web, Longspan and Deep

Longspan Steel Joists, comprising J- and H-Series, LJand LH-Series and DLJ- and DLH-Series, have become

recognized industry standards.

STEEL SHIPPING CONTAINER INSTITUTE,

2204 Morris Avenue,

Union, New Jersey 07083

Steel Shipping Container Institute, Inc. (SSCI) was

founded in February 1944 as a national trade organization representing manufacturers of steel drums

and pails. SSCI maintains liaison activities with cus- tomer groups, reviews testing procedures and specifications with regulatory agencies, is actively involved

in environmental problems, and has contact with

legislative representatives of the Federal and state governments.

SSCI is deeply involved with the Office of Hazardous Materials, Department of Transportation and the

U. S. Army Natick Laboratories. In conjunction with

the Department of Transportation, Office of Hazardous Materials, Bureau of Explosives, Uniform Freight

Classification Committee, National Motor Freight

Classification Committee, Manufacturing Chemists'

Association, Petroleum Packaging Committee, and

National Paint and Coatings Association, we have

developed 95 percent of all of the standards presently

existing in our industry. They are available in printed

form from the American National Standards Institute.

As the industry representative, SSCI regularly participates in development of the LInited Nation's program

for the development of international packaging regulations as part of the U. S. Delegation. These standardization activities consist of approximately 10

percent of the total program with the Technical

Project Chairman Committee administering the activities.

STEEL STRUCTURES PAINTING COUNCIL,

4400 Fifth Avenue,

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213

This council was established in 1950 to fill a vital

need for impartial research, specifications and information on the protection of steel by paints and

coatings. Many organizations, recognizing the work of

the council, have become supporting members, and

have made available personnel, funds, or facilities to further the council program.

At the time of its organization, the council stated

these objectives: (1) to determine and outline the

best methods that have been developed up to the

present time for cleaning and painting steel; (2) to issue specifications covering practical and economical

methods of surface preparation and painting of steel structures; (3) to provide long-range research programs involving field and laboratory work and to evaluate various methods and coatings and costs thereof, to prevent or reduce corrosion on steel struc- tures; and (4) to issue periodic recommendations for

further improving the effectiveness and economy of

the protection of steel structures. The SSPC has issued the Steel Structures Painting

Manual, which has won international acceptance

among leading steel and paint manufacturers as well

as contractors and companies fabricating and using

steel. Volume 1, Good Painting Practice, is an

encyclopedia-type manual providing industry with a comprehensive guide for the cleaning and painting of

steel structures. Volume 2, Systems and Specifications,

contains all of the specifications issued by the council,

including surface preparation, pretreatment, paint

application, paints and paint systems.

The council also carries out a long-range research

and testing program.

STEEL WINDOW INSTITUTE,

c/o Thomas Associates, Inc.,

2130 Keith Building,

Cleveland, Ohio 44115

The Steel Window Institute was founded in 1920.

It is a trade association composed of a majority of

American steel window manufacturers. Through

research and interchange of ideas among its members, better products and services are developed and

made available to the building trade.

The standardization and simplification presented in

SWI recommendations are the answers to maximum

economy. However, the creative abilities and productive facilities of the institute manufacturers are also

geared to the exacting customer demands of modern

architecture and construction.

Surveys are conducted to determine the relative

popularity of types and sizes, and recommendations

by the institute are circulated to members, nonmembers, architects, and Government agencies.

155
Recommended Specifications for Steel Windows,

1973, is available from the institute.

Formerly: Metal Window Institute.

STUCCO MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

14006 Ventura Boulevard,

Suite 204,

Sherman Oaks, California 91403

The Stucco Manufacturers' Association was organized in 1957 to promote use of colored stucco finish

coats in building construction. A staff administered

public relations program is aimed at increasing the

industry's service to contractors, architects, and the

general public.

Standardization activities are not the function of

standing committees, but grow out of group action on

an "as needed" basis. The current publication. Exterior Colored Stucco Specification Guide, relates primarily to application procedures. Although the

association is national in scope, it recognizes that

standards may vary among geographic areas because

of different climatic conditions, skilled manpower

pool, and availability of materials.

SUMP PUMP MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

221 North LaSalle Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60601

The Sump Pump Manufacturers' Association is a national trade organization representing the manufacturers of domestic sump pumps, together with component and accessory suppliers. Originally founded in

1956, the association became inactive in 1962. It was

reactivated in 1968 under new management and with

broader objectives.

Its objectives and activities include: (1) development and promulgation of quality standards, spelling

out design and performance criteria for sump pumps

used in homes; (2) implementation of a certification

and labeling program for all products which conform

to these standards; (3) development and dissemination

of statistical information designed to describe market

size and activity; (4) promotion of improved provisions in building codes on the use of sump pumps;

and (5) educational efforts designed to encourage

proper and safe installation, maintenance, and use of

domestic sump pumps.

The Domestic Sump Pump Standards are national

in scope, and are designed to supply the purchaser

and/ or user with accurate performance data and to

assist in the determination of proper application and

selection of this equipment. They provide a uniform

method of testing and rating, and include a specification system covering basic materials of construction

for all major components. They also detail minimum

specifications for motors, nameplate data, service

cords and control switches.

TANNERS' COUNCIL OF AMERICA,

411 Fifth Avenue,

New York, New York 10016

The Tanners' Council of America is the trade

association of the leather industry of the United States

and its membership includes virtually all tanners and

finishers of leather. The council was organized in 1917

through the amalgamation of various regional as well

as national groups concerned with the processing,

finishing and marketing of hides, skins and leather.

The council's activities cover the full range of trade

association functions including statistical compilation

and standardization in various areas such as leather

colors, raw material and technical specifications.

Color—Official standards for seasonal leather, foot- wear and accessory colors are developed and circulated by the council to the tanning, shoe and other

leather product industries. These standards are prepared by the Color Bureau of the Tanners' Council

with the advice and assistance of shoe manufacturers

and retailers. A semiannual Official Leather Color

Book is made available by the council to all interested

trades. Master standards are preserved by the council

for reference and duplication.

Raw Material Trim—The technical laboratory of

the Tanners' Council initiated a new standard method

for commercial trim of domestic cattlehides. This was approved as economically sound and desirable by

an overwhelming majority of tanners and suppliers. It was submitted to the National Bureau of Standards,

U. S. Department of Commerce, as a proposed voluntary industry standard and was officially published

April 4, 1965, as Commercial Standard, CS268-65,

Hide Trim Pattern for Domestic Cattlehides (amended

1966).

Raw Material Technical Standards—The Research

Laboratory of the Tanners' Council has developed

standards generally accepted in the hide and leather

industries for degree of cure and weight differentials

between fleshed, brined and green hides. These

standards are available on request to all interested

persons. The council's Hide Bureau has defined the

characteristics of various commercial hide selections

and the applicable weight designations for such

selections.

Leather Weight Designations—The council has

developed and maintained a standardized system for

designation of leather weight or thickness. Since the

thickness of leather is a highly important characteristic in the design and production of shoes and other

leather products, standardized weight designations were long needed. Extensive investigation of trade

practice enables the council to establish a limited

number of standards which would meet the requirements of the tanning and leather-consuming industries. These have been officially circulated and made

available throughout the world.

Formed by merger of: National Association of Tanners; Morocco Manufacturers National Assocation;

Patent and Enamelled Leather Manufacturers' Association.

156
TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE

PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY,

One Dunwoody Park,

Atlanta, Georgia 30341

The Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper

Industry (TAPPI) was founded in 1915. The objectives of the association are to promote investigation,

research and interchange of ideas among its members

in the field of pulp and paper manufacture and use;

to arrange for the presentation and publication of

paper; and to provide testing procedures and standards fundamental to pulp and paper manufacture and

use. The association is divided into eleven divisions

dealing with problems relating to pulp manufacture,

paper and board manufacture, paper-synthetics, cor- rugated containers, coating and graphic arts, engineering, research and development, testing, environmental,

management sciences, and finishing. Under these divisions are a number of committees engaged in projects

coming within the scope of activities of each division.

Testing procedures include official standards, provisional methods and useful methods. These are prepared by the active technical committees and

approved by a Standards Committee and the members

of the association in accordance with prescribed rules

and regulations. The Testing Division, whose primary

function it is to develop standards and testing procedures, is divided into the following committees:

adhesives, chemical methods, fillers and pigments,

optical methods, packaging materials, paper, paperboard, paper shipping sack, physical methods, precision, pulp, pulping and papermaking chemicals, and

wax. There are several other testing committees in

other divisions, notably the Fiberboard Shipping Container Testing Committee. The Standards Committee,

having the administrative responsibility for the

approval system, reports to the President after final

approval of the standards. The standardization program is from 10-15 percent of TAPPFs entire program. Currently there are 285 standards issued by

TAPPI which are considered national is scope. New

standards are announced in the monthly journal,

Tappi.

The association cooperates with the American

Society for Testing and Materials by having membership representatives on ASTM technical committees.

It cooperates with the Intersociety Color Council in

developing color standards and with the American

National Standards Institute in promoting American

National and International Standards. TAPPI holds

the secretariat of American National Standards Committee P3 and works closely with the International

Organization for Standardization, IS0/TC6 on pulp,

paper and related products.

TELEPHONE GROUP,

American Telephone and Telegraph Company,

195 Broadway,

New York, New York 10007

This group which functions under the auspices of

the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

consists of the American Telephone and Telegraph

Company and the United States Independent Telephone Association and their member and associated

companies. The group is represented on the ANSI

Board of Directors and on the ANSI Executive Standards Council and Organizational Member Council. It

is also represented on the following ANSI Technical

Advisory Boards: Construction, Electrical and Electronics, Graphic, Information Systems, Mechanical,

Miscellaneous, and Safety. In addition, it has well over 100 individuals serving on standards committees

concerned with projects in the following fields: abbreviations and symbols, automotive, civil engineering and construction, drawings, electrical engineering,

materials handling, mechanical engineering, national

electrical code, office machines, equipment and supplies, petroleum products, photography, safety, vibrations and mechanical shock, and wood. The group is also represented on committees of such organizations

as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

in the preparation and revision of American National

Standards sponsored by these organizations.

Additional standardization work is carried on

through representatives on committees of various

engineering societies, such as the Radio Technical

Commission for Marine Services and international

organizations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission and the International Organization

for Standardization. Cooperative work is handled with numerous committees of the Electrical Section and

the Communications Section of the Association of

American Railroads engaged in the formulation of

recommendations and specifications dealing with

various phases of communications for railroads.

THE TEST BORING ASSOCIATION, INC.

271 North Avenue,

New Rochelle, New York 10801

The Test Boring Association, Inc., whose name was

changed in 1967, was organized in 1941 to promote

and further the interests of contractors and others

engaged in test boring and core drilling, and to engage

in any and all lawful activities which will enhance the

progress of the test boring and core drilling industry. In furtherance of its objectives, the association

developed and has available, a Recommended Standard Boring Specification for Cased Borings.

Formerly: Test Boring and Core Drilling Contractors Association; Test Boring Contractors' Association

(1969).

THERMAL INSULATION MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION, INC.

7 Kirby Plaza,

Mt. Kisco, New York 10549

The association is a nonprofit trade association

representing manufacturers of insulation for thermal

industrial uses. Its purpose is to cooperate with other

industries, technical societies, research organizations,

and Government agencies in all matters that will

157
disseminate accurate information regarding inorganic

insulation. The association has been called on regularly

to counsel in the preparation of Federal specifications,

military specifications, guide specifications, etc. By virtue of participation in the activities of American Society for Testing and Materials Committee C 16 on Insulation, the association has aided constructively

in preparing test methods and product standards relat- ing to thermal insulating products.

It maintains active participation in the American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers, the National Fire Protection Association,

and the Building Research Institute, and cooperates

with other organizations that are interested in industrial insulation products.

Formerly: National Insulation Manufacturers' Association (1941).

THE THREAD INSTITUTE, INC.,

1133 Avenue of the Americas,

New York, New York 10036

The Thread Institute, founded in 1933, is a national trade association for thread manufacturers,

converters, and jobbers. The Technical Committee

which meets as needed to deal with the problems of

standardization, is responsible for the institute's standards and as such has several ad hoc subcommittees for

cotton, silk, nylon, polyester, and corespun threads.

Cooperation exists between the U. S. Army Natick

Laboratories and the institute in development programs for the specifications: VT 276, Cotton; VT 280,

Cotton Gimp, Buttonhole; VT 291, Linen; VT 295,

Nylon; VT 285, Polyester; VT 301, Silk; MIL-T43548, Thread Polyester; Cotton Covered; MIL-T43624, Polyester, Spun; MIL-T-43636, Nylon,

Non-Melting; MIL-T-83193, Nylon, Spun Staple, High

Temperature.

The institute also maintains liaison with threadoriented committees of the American Society for

Testing and Materials through representatives of The

Thread Institute member firms. Furthermore, there is participation in the Annual Conference on Weights

and Measures.

Formerly: Cotton Thread Institute (1945).

TILE COUNCIL OF AMERICA INC.,

P.O. Box 326,

Princeton, New Jersey;

Architectural Services Office,

1707 N Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The Tile Council of America, Inc., organized in

1946, is a trade association of 20 ceramic tile manufacturers dedicated to expansion of the ceramic tile industry in the United States through advertising,

promotion and research on tile installation methods

and materials.

The standards activities, conducted by the Architectural Services and Research Divisions, are national in

scope. Close contact is maintained with Government

agencies and other national organizations to assist

with development and interpretation of standards and

specification for installation of ceramic tile. Tile Council annually publishes the Handbook for

Ceramic Tile Installation, which is a guide specification for architects and specifiers covering all generally

accepted ceramic tile installation methods and referencing installation and material standards applicable

to the methods.

Current Standards Published by Tile Council of

America, Inc., are listed below:

Tile Council of America Inc., Standards

ANSI A108.1-1967 Glazed Ceramic Wall Tile Installed With Portland Cement Mortar

ANSI A108.2-1967 Ceramic Mosaic Tile Installed With Portland Cement Mortar

ANSI A108.3-1967 Quarry and Paver Tile Installed With Portland Cement Mortar

ANSI A108.4-1968 Ceramic Tile Installed With Water-Resistant Organic Adhesives

ANSI A108.5-1967 Ceramic Tile Installed With Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar

ANSI A108.6-1969 Ceramic Tile Installed With Chemical Resistant, Water Cleanable Tile-Setting

and Grouting Epoxy

ANSI A108.7-1967 Electrically Conductive Ceramic Tile Installed With

Conductive Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar

ANSI A118.1-1967 Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar

ANSI Al 18.2-1967 Conductive Dry-Set Portland Cement Mortar

ANSI A118.3-1969 Chemical Resistant, Water Cleanable Tile-Setting and Grouting Epoxy

ANSI Al 18.4-1973 Latex-Portland Cement Mortar

ANSI A136. 1-1967 Organic Adhesives for Installation of Ceramic Tile

ANSI A137.1-1967 Ceramic Tile

TCA-8701 Ceramic Tile Panels for Bath Tub Recess Surrounds

158
TIN RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC.,

483 West Sixth Avenue,

Columbus, Ohio 43201

The Tin Research Institute was founded in 1949.

Work of the Tin Research Institute is directed to develop the use of tin and is based on scientific and

technical study of the metal, its alloys and compounds,

and of industrial processes which use tin or may provide future markets.

Members of the institute participate widely in the

development of standards and specifications for tin

ingots, tinplate, tin alloys, bearings, solders, pewter

and tin and tin alloy coatings. Membership is held in

committees of the International Organization for

Standardization (ISO), American Society for Testing

and Materials, Institute of Printed Circuits, American

Welding Society, American Pewter Guild, and coordination committees for Federal specifications.

TIRE AND RIM ASSOCIATION,

3200 West Market Street,

Akron, Ohio 44313

This association, founded in 1903, is the technical

standardizing body of the tire, rim and related parts

manufacturers of the United States. TRA's program

is entirely devoted to standardization activities and its standards are national in scope. Among the standards

established are tire loads, tire inflations, tire dimensions, recommended rims, dual spacings, rim dimensions, valve and valve hole dimensions for tire and

rim equipment used on passenger cars, bicycles, motorcycles, motor scooters, trucks, buses, recreational

vehicles, trailers, earthmovers, road graders, agricultural tractors and implements, industrial vehicles,

mobile homes, and aircraft. Current standards are

listed in TRA's Yearbook.

The association cooperates in establishing standards

for international use and as such participates in the

International Organization for Standardization, ISO/

TC-31. TRA, through the Rubber Manufacturers' Association, has also provided technical advice to the

Government.

TRAFFIC AUDIT BUREAU,

708 Third Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

This bureau, founded in 1933, consists of advertisers, advertising agencies, and operators of outdoor

advertising plants. Its purposes are to establish

standard practices with respect to the circulation

evaluation and visibility of outdoor advertising; to supervise and direct practices in connection with the

collection, recording and authentication of traffic and

other data related to outdoor advertising; to prepare

and issue standardized factual statements of the

circulation values of outdoor advertising plants; and

to perform other acts and services which will further

the joint interests of advertisers, advertising agencies,

operators of outdoor advertising plants, and the

public.

TRANSPORTATION DATA COORDINATING

COMMITTEE,

1101 Seventeenth Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20036

The Transportation Data Coordinating Committee

(TDCC), established in 1968, is a nonprofit organization, incorporated in the District of Columbia. It was

founded by leading shippers, carriers, and others

interested in the need for standardization of transportation data, codes, formats, and systems that will

permit computer-to-computer data exchange between

parties involved in transportation, distribution, and

trade activities. It has been responsible for the selec- tion and promotion of standard codes and data

elements for transportation data transmission.

TDCC has seven major technical task forces and

eight subcommittees that deal with primary information fields that govern the movement and payment of

cargo. These include commodity coding, geographic

coding, customer coding, carrier coding, packaging

coding, tariffs, and data formats for advanced

systems.

The National Transportation Forum and Exhibit is sponsored annually by the TDCC and features both

national and international programs for electronic

data interchange between shippers, carriers, banks,

and Government. TDCC is a public organization, with

membership open to those interested in modernizing

transportation administrative systems by employing

the latest computer and communications technology.

TRUCK BODY AND EQUIPMENT

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

5530 Wisconsin Avenue,

Suite 1220,

Washington, D.C. 20015

Originally chartered in 1947 as the National Truck

Body Manufacturers' Association, this nonprofit organization had a three fold objective: (1) to enable its members to unite in effort to encourage and promote

the best interests of manufacturers of commercial

truck bodies; (2) bring to the attention of proper

authorities the material needs and demands of the

industry; and (3) develop practices and methods

designed to aid the industry and promote the public

interest. As the association added distributors of

truck bodies and equipment to its membership, a new

name was chosen to be more representative of the

growing organization and consequently in 1949, the

National Truck Body Manufacturers and Distributors'

Association was founded. The organization continued

to grow in numbers, prestige and various directions of

activities. Finally in 1952, the Board of Directors

chose a new name to match the organization's progressive image and attitude, and Truck Body and

Equipment Association, Inc., or simply TBEA, was

born.

Today this association continues to represent over 750 manufacturers, distributors, and suppliers of

truck bodies, equipment and related accessories

159
throughout the United States and several foreign

countries. It has still as its goal, the advancement of

the truck body and related equipment industry in each

and every endeavor.

The success of TBEA's service to the industry

program depends completely on the diligent efforts

and cooperation of its standing and special committees, plus that of its 22 industry divisions—the

members of which volunteer to donate their time and

efforts for the betterment of the industry.

Because TBEA's membership is comprised of

various segments of the industry, each with specific

types of equipment, organizational makeup, or problems peculiar to their own products or distribution

methods, a system of industry divisions were developed to cope with their individual needs. These

divisions include two types: those inclusive of distribution trade areas, and those devoted to product types.

These divisions include: Ambulance Manufacturers

Division, Automotive Electrical Components Division,

Beverage Body Manufacturers Division, Chesapeake

Regional Division, Elevating Tailgate Division, Fire

Apparatus Manufacturers Division, Hydraulic Hoist

Division, Hydraulic Hoist and Dump Body Division,

Metropolitan New York Regional Division, MichiganOhio Regional Division, Northern California Regional

Division, Pacific Northwest Regional Division, Rear

Loading Refuse Body Manufacturers Division, Refrigerated Transport Division, School Bus Manufacturers

Institute, Service Body Institute, Southern California

Regional Division, Southwestern Regional Division,

Tri-State Regional Division, Truck Tank Manufacturers

Division, Utility Body Dealers Division and the Van

Body Division. Each of these specialized divisions

retains its group identity but operates within the

framework of the overall association. Each division

has an engineering committee that is responsible for

the research and development in standardization

activities.

The following technical papers are typical examples: Glossary of Terms—Hydraulic Hoist, Dump

Bodies, Elevating Tailgates; Glossary of Terms

—Truck Van Bodies and Components; Truck Van

Body Facts; Hopper Capacity Rating for Rear Loading

Refuse Bodies; Hydraulic Hoist and Dump Body

Classification Chart; Hydraulic Conversion Hoist Classification Chart; Static Load Test Code for School Bus

Body Structure; Standard Code for Testing and Rating Automotive Bus Hot Water Heating and Ventilating

Equipment; and the School Bus Accident Reporting

Form.

Various committees work with Federal and state governmental agencies and issue industry papers

including: Excise Tax Guide; OSHA Guide for Applying Safety and Health Standards, Handbook for

FMVSS Final and Intermediate Manufacturers,

Responsibilities of Truck Chassis Dealers to the Motor

Vehicle Safety Act of 1966, "Mini Guide" to Federal

Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, Motor Vehicle Safety

Standards Guide, Lighting Diagrams Published in

Conformance with Motor Vehicle Safety Standard

No. 108, A Layman's Guide to Basic Law Under the

National Labor Relations Act; OSHA Standards for

Motor Vehicles, and the Occupational Safety and

Health Guide.

The association also publishes monthly newsletters

in the field of finance, labor, labor safety standards,

legislation, excise taxes, and motor vehicle safety.

THE TRUCK TRAILER MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

2430 Pennsylvania Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20037

The Truck Trailer Manufacturers' Association

(TTMA) was organized in 1940.

TTMA means, essentially, people working together

through their industry association to best serve not

only the industry's but the nation's transportation

needs—building trailers and supplying components.

The association was formed to establish confidence

between various manufacturers of truck trailers and

their suppliers to bring a greater awareness and a mutual understanding of the problems confronting all manufacturers. One of its main purposes is to conduct

programs and activities which will further interest

and benefit the trailer manufacturers and also to provide a means of cooperating with the agencies of

the Federal Government in any appropriate manner

which will best serve the nation and member interests.

The TTMA Engineering Committee and the Tank

Conference Engineering Committee of the Truck

Trailer Manufacturers' Association are made up of

some of the industry's most authoritative engineers.

These committees, through research and working

together, have contributed greatly to the technological

advancement of trailer, tank, and container manufacturing. Many technical bulletins and recommended

practices have been prepared covering such subjects

as brakes, electrical systems, couplers, wheels, tires,

refrigeration, and others.

Acting in concert with other organizations, the

Truck Trailer Manufacturers' Association took the

lead in making available a Standard Industry Procedure for Determining Heat Transfer of Refrigerated

Truck Trailers. This standard was developed at the

National Bureau of Standards with assistance from the

U. S. Department of Agriculture and the association.

This is known in the industry as the Heat Sink Test

Method (USDA #433 of September 1960) and is available from TTMA.

Recognizing the need for a standard simplified

in-plant test method, an extensive survey was made

in February 1969 by the Engineering Committee of

the Truck Trailer Manufacturers Association to determine the various types of in-plant testing being con- ducted by trailer manufacturers. In addition, the

survey included the degree of correlation that had

been found between these simplified test methods and

the Heat Sink Test Method. From this survey there was developed a Research Report entitled. Thermal

Testing of Commercial Transport Equipment and a companion TTMA Recommended Practice RP 38-73

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Method for Rating Heat Transmission of Refrigerated

Vehicles which establishes a test method for determining rates of heat transmission and air leakage of

refrigerated trailers and containers which can readily

be conducted within the plant facility of a manufacturer.

The Truck Trailer Manufacturers' Association rep- resents the producers of over 90 percent of the truck

trailers, tank trailers, and containers built annually

in the United States. Additionally, over 100 major

material and component suppliers to the industry are

associate members. Its membership is also international in scope having members located in South

America, Canada, South Africa, and The Netherlands.

The industry works closely with such organizations

as the American National Standards Institute, the

United States Coast Guard, the Maritime Administration, the International Organization for Standardization, and the Department of Transportation.

TRUSS PLATE INSTITUTE, INC.

919-18th Street NW.,

Suite 205,

Washington, D.C. 20006

Founded in 1961, the Truss Plate Institute was

formed by manufacturers actively engaged in the

production and distribution of metal connector plates

for the trussed rafter industry for the purpose of

maintaining the industry on a sound engineering

basis by establishing methods of design and construction for wood trussed rafters using metal connector

plates, to provide test and research data for public

dissemination, to assist in the development of proper

building code regulations, and to disseminate information relative to the proper use of wood trussed rafters

in the interest of safety and public welfare.

A private, nonprofit organization, the Truss Plate

Institute publishes design criteria, span tables and a quality control guide for metal plate connected wood

trussed rafters.

TUBULAR EXCHANGER

MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION,

331 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The association, founded in 1939, represents manufacturers of tubular exchanger equipment. The standardization activities of TEMA are carried on by its Technical Committee. The standards, presently consisting of 11 sections, cover various clarifications and

expansions on material, thermal physical properties

of fluids and other general information relating to the

various classes of exchangers. Copies of the standards

of the Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers' Association

may be obtained from the secretary.

ULTRASONIC INDUSTRY

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

271 North Avenue,

New Rochelle, New York 10801

The Ultrasonic Manufacturers' Association, Inc. (UIA), whose name was changed in 1973 to Ultrasonic Industry Association, Inc., was organized in

1955 to promote by every lawful means the growth of

the industry on a sound and lasting basis. Formation

of the association was motivated by the vast potential

of ultrasonics for commercial, industrial, defense, and

medical applications.

The first achievement by UIA was the development

of definitions covering basic industry terminology

designed to promote a common language and thus

facilitate understanding between manufacturers and

users. The second achievement was the development

of a standard rating covering ultrasonic electric

generators.

UIA cooperates in the development of standards

with the American National Standards Institute and

is represented on the American National Standards

Sectional Committees Si on Acoustics and S3 on

Bioacoustics. Other organizations with which UIA

cooperates include the Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers, National Safety Foundation,

Acoustical Society of America, National Electrical

Manufacturers' Association, and American Society for

Testing and Materials. In addition, UIA provides

assistance when requested, to various Government

agencies such as the Departments of the Navy and Air

Force, and maintains standardizing liaison with other

Government agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission,

UNDERWRITERS' LABORATORIES, INC.,

207 East Ohio Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60611

This independent organization, devoted to testing

for public safety, was established to maintain and

operate laboratories for the examination and testing

for safety of devices, systems, and materials. Founded

in 1894, the enterprise is operated for service, not for

profit. It is chartered as a nonprofit corporation without capital stock, under the laws of the State of

Delaware.

Testing laboratories are maintained at Chicago,

Illinois; Melville, L.I., New York; Northbrook, Illi- nois; Santa Clara, California; and Tampa, Florida.

Of equal importance with the examination and

testwork of Underwriters' Laboratories (UL), is its inspection and followup program in the factories

where listed devices are manufactured. Representatives charged with the responsibility for making these

periodic inspections are located in approximately 150

cities throughout the United States and 46 cities out- side of the United States. The formal objectives of Underwriters' Laboratories

161
are to conduct scientific investigations, studies, experiments, and tests to determine the relation of various

materials, devices, constructions, and methods to life,

fire, and casualty hazards, and to ascertain, define, and

publish standards, classifications, and specifications

for materials, devices, constructions, and methods

affecting such hazards, and other information tending

to reduce and prevent loss of life and property from

fire, crime, and casualty.

UL's Listing and Inspection Service is applicable to those products which have been evaluated with

respect to all reasonably foreseeable hazards to life and property, and where such hazards have been

safeguarded to an acceptable degree.

UL's Classification and Inspection Service is applicable to those products which have been evaluated

with respect to specific hazards only, or with respect

to performance under specified conditions.

UL's Certificate and Inspection Service is applicable to products comprising field-installed systems at a

specific location, or to specific quantities of certain

products where it is impractical to apply the listing

mark or classification marking to the individual

product.

In addition, UL has a recognition and inspection

program which is applicable to those products which

have been evaluated only for use as components of

end-product equipment listed, classified, or certificated

by UL.

Also, UL conducts fact-finding and research projects which are conducted on a contract basis for manufacturers, trade associations, governmental agencies,

and others in the interest of public safety.

The majority of insurance underwriters in the

United States, and many Federal, state, and municipal

authorities, plant operators, architects, building owners and users either accept or require listing or classification by Underwriters' Laboratories as a condition of

their recognition of devices, systems, and materials

having a bearing upon life and fire hazards, and upon

theft and accident prevention.

It should, however, be noted that findings of Underwriters' Laboratories in any case represent its independent opinion arrived at in accordance with its aims and purposes. Underwriters' Laboratories does

not guarantee that its findings will be accepted or recognized in any individual case. Such assurances can be obtained only from the authority having jurisdiction of the particular technical area or Government

unit.

It should be noted as well that products listed or

classified are not necessarily equivalent in quality or

merit.

In the event of a disagreement between Underwriters' Laboratories and any of its clients with

respect to an engineering or technical matter involving the method of measurement used in the tests applied by LTnderwriters' Laboratories, the results of

the tests so used, or the interpretation of these results,

the question at issue may be submitted to the

National Bureau of Standards, acting as a referee,

provided that in the opinion of the Bureau the importance of the case justifies its acceptance by the

Bureau and that parties to the submission agree in

writing to accept and abide by the finding of the

Bureau.

Underwriters' Laboratories is divided into several

engineering departments, each dealing with distinct

and separate subjects as follows: electrical; heating,

air-conditioning, and refrigeration; casualty and chemical hazards; burglary protection and signaling; fire protection; and marine. Each of these departments

has prepared standards providing specifications and

requirements for construction and performance under

test and actual use of systems, materials, and appli- ances of numerous classes submitted to the laboratories.

Underwriters' Laboratories has issued more than

305 of these standards for safety based on sound

engineering principles, actual experience, and an

appreciation of the problems of manufacturing, installation, and utility. These standards for safety are the

result of years of research and collaboration by laboratories' engineers, manufacturers, consumers, and

recognized specialists in many fields, including the

members of the five UL Engineering Councils and its Consumer Advisory Council.

Where no specific published standard exists, UL

has selected appropriate requirements from its published standards and has applied them in evaluating over 4,000 generic product categories shown in UL's

ten product directories. These requirements constitute UL's unpublished standards for safety, known as desk standards. Prospective submitters may, upon

presentation of essential product submittal information, obtain information as to the requirements of

those standards to be used by UL in evaluating a

specific product submittal.

UL does not require that there be a specifically

designated published safety standard in order for it to examine and test a product to determine that the

design adequately safeguards the hazards expected in

connection with the product's use. Rather, UL evaluates the design by application of appropriate requirements selected from published standards of UL, and

by application of newly-developed requirements to cover uses and conditions for which specific requirements do not exist. When provided with product description and other

essential product submittal information, UL will,

upon request, furnish to prospective submitters a statement of requirements for products not previously

covered by a published or proposed standard.

The requirements of a UL standard for safety are so

stated that if correctly applied, there is no discrimination between the products of two or more manufacturer-submitters. They are published so that others

may know the basis for laboratories' opinions, and

the standards must necessarily justify the opinions.

A catalog listing all available UL standards for safety

is published twice each year. Many of the laboratories'

standards are recognized as American National Standards by the American National Standards Institute.

The standards are an important tool of Underwrit162
ers' Laboratories in its established policy of stating the

facts concerning products investigated, and its opinion

concerning these facts. A manufacturer whose product passes the laboratories' requirements and for which factory inspection

service is to be established, is provided with a "Procedure" prepared by laboratories' engineers as part of

the work under the application. This procedure

describes and illustrates the product in detail, particularly as to the construction or performance of the

features tested. It becomes the manufacturer's guide

for future production, and is used by representatives

of Underwriters' Laboratories in reexamination and

periodic check testing of the product. The laboratories'

factory inspection service of listed, classified, recognized, and certificated products is intended to supplement and check the manufacturer's own regular

inspections to insure compliance of the factory output

with requirements established for the product.

Manufacturers, regularly employing UL's Inspection

Service, are freely consulted in all matters concerning

standards of performance and inspection in their

respective industries.

Underwriters' Laboratories publishes (lists) the names of the companies who have demonstrated the

ability to provide a product conforming to the established requirements. Listing signifies that production

samples of the product have been found to comply

with the requirements, and that the manufacturer is authorized to use the laboratories' listing mark (or

classification marking, recognition marking, or certifi- cate) on the listed (or classified, recognized, certifi- cated) products which comply with the requirements.

The listing, classification, recognition, or certification of the product is contingent upon the establishment of the laboratories' inspection service. Under

the inspection service, the manufacturer attaches

labels, markers or other authorized evidences of listing

(classification, recognition, or certification) to such

of his products as are found by him to be in compli- ance with UL requirements.

Should examination and tests by the laboratories'

representative disclose features not in compliance with

the requirements, the manufacturer is required either

to correct such items or to remove the UL identification from the product.

Approximately 2 billion UL labels are delivered

annually to manufacturer-subscribers to UL's listing

and inspection service.

A number of Federal specifications covering material or appliances of classes, which are under supervision of Underwriters' Laboratories, recognize the

laboratories' identifying marks as evidence of compli- ance with the applicable requirements of such Federal

specifications. In its work in standardization, LTnderwriters'

Laboratories cooperates with many organizations

including the American National Standards Institute

and National Fire Protection Association. Its employees have about 500 assignments on committees of

these and other groups. Among these are many American National Standards committees.

Underwriters' Laboratories also cooperates with the

American Society for Testing and Materials through

representation on technical committees dealing with

the development of standards and methods of test for

such items as gypsum, electrical insulating materials,

rubber products, bituminous waterproofing and roofing materials, and petroleum products and lubricants.

UNITED LIGHTNING PROTECTION

ASSOCIATION, INC.,

34 May Street,

Webster, New York 14580

Established in 1935, this association provides reli- able educational materials on the hazards of lightning

and what constitutes proper lightning protection. Its members must conform to the highest standards of

lightning protection systems, engineering, installation

and service to maintain membership.

Members of the association serve on numerous

committees and in other key roles in helping to establish various standards and codes such as the Lightning

Protection Code of the National Fire Protection

Association, and the Lightning Protection Installation

Requirements Code of Underwriters' Laboratories.

The association is consulted frequently by building

supply manufacturers, insurance firms, safety groups,

and power companies to advise on potential hazards

and what constitutes proper lightning protection.

UNITED STATES COUNCIL OF THE

INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF

COMMERCE,

1212 Avenue of the Americas,

New York, New York 10036

The International Chamber of Commerce, founded

in 1919 and with headquarters in Paris and national

committees in 45 countries, promotes standardization

in most phases of world commerce. These include

banking and trading procedures, definitions of trade

terms, sizes of pallets and containers, markings for

dangerous goods, extent and validity of distribution

statistics, etc. It also issues codes of fair play and

recommendations for uniformly high levels of commercial practice. Full information and all publications are

available from its United States Council.

Formerly: United States Associates of the International Chamber of Commerce ( 1949)

.

UNITED STATES GOLF ASSOCIATION,

Golf House,

Far Hills, New Jersey 07931

This association, founded in 1894, has developed

standards for golf balls and golf clubs. In its current

booklet. Rules of Golf, this association's specifications

concerning the style and make of clubs, and the size,

weight, and velocity of golf balls, are included. These

specifications are applicable to equipment and balls

used in connection with tournaments conducted by

this association or under its rules.

163
U. S. PHARMACOPEIA, PHARMACOPEIA

OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIAL

CONVENTION,

12601 Twinbrook Parkway,

RockviUe, Maryland 20852

This convention is a nonprofit corporation which

meets every five years to reorganize the revision program of the Pharmacopeia of the United States of

America, established in 1820. It is made up mainly of

representatives of the medical and pharmacy colleges

of the United States, of the state and national medical

and pharmaceutical associations, the national trade

associations, and the departments of the Federal Government most concerned with standards for medicinal

preparations. The convention elects, for five year terms,

officers, a Board of Trustees, and a Committee of

Revision consisting of 60 members, each of whom is qualified in a special branch of medicine, pharmacy,

or the allied sciences. The convention is financed

through the sale of the Pharmacopeia and USP Refer- ence Standards. The committee members receive only

modest honoraria for a vast amount of voluntary work.

The primary object of the convention is to produce

at intervals of five years, a new revision of the Pharmacopeia by the Committee of Revision serving under

the direction of a salaried, permanent staff. The revision program includes: (a) selection of those drugs

held in high esteem as representing the soundest practice of medicine; (b) the establishment of standards of

strength, quality, and purity for the selected drugs; and

(c) the provision of tests, assays, and material standards of reference (Z50) required to demonstrate compliance with the specifications set forth. Supplements

of the Pharmacopeia are provided as required.

The standards given in the Pharmacopeia are recognized by Congress in the Federal Food, Drug, and

Cosmetic Act for the purpose of regulating the quality

of drugs moving in interstate commerce and by the

state legislatures in corresponding statutes for enforcement by state agencies.

The U.S. Pharmacopeia is also recognized as official in Canada, and it is one of the premier pharmacopeias

of the world. Approximately 10 percent of the books

and 20 percent of the USP Reference Standards are purchased from outside the U.S.

UNITED STATES TESTING COMPANY, INC.,

1415 Park Avenue,

Hoboken, New Jersey 07030

This independent commercial laboratory, established

in 1880, plays an important role, generally on a fee

basis, in assisting Government agencies, manufacturers, and trade associations in establishing national

standards. The United States Testing Company also

develops test procedures including instrumentation.

The company is also active in conducting testing for

certification and labeling in order to assure that the

products meet the specified standards.

The company is also known as Nationwide Con- sumer Testing Institute, Inc. The products include consumer appliances, toys,

home entertainment equipment, garden and lawn

equipment, recreational goods, textiles, chemicals,

cosmetics, drugs, paint, construction materials, plastics,

paper metals, and foods.

Various staff members serve voluntarily on committees of standards making organizations such as the

American Society for Testing and Materials and American National Standards Institute.

VACUUM CLEANER MANUFACTURERS'

ASSOCIATION,

1615 Collamer Street

Cleveland, Ohio 44110

On October 21, 1913, eleven companies in the

vacuum cleaner industry organized what is now one of

the oldest, most highly regarded trade associations in

the country, the Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturers' Assoiation (VCMA). Initially, its purpose was to provide

a central headquarters for voluntary reports on production and sales and information generally helpful to the

member companies.

Since that time, it has expanded its scope to include

national affairs, education, traffic, foreign competition

and technical standards.

The Technical Standards Committee is composed of

engineers from member companies, who formulate or

assist other organizations to formulate standards of

safety and performance for floor care appliances. This

committee has currently published a Guideline for a Consumer Floor Care Products Safety Standards. It is currently very active in assisting to formulate standards with the American Society for Testing and Materials, Committee Fll, Vacuum Cleaners.

The committee also provides representation on technical committees of the International Electrotechnical

Commission in the formulation of international standards, and supplies a liaison representative to work with

the Canadian Standards Association.

VARIABLE RESISTIVE COMPONENTS

INSTITUTE,

1717 Howard Street,

Evanston, Illinois 60202

The Variable Resistive Components Institute, formerly the Precision Potentiometer Manufacturers

Association, was founded in 1960. Manufacturers in

this trade association produce precision potentiometers

and trimmers. A standard nomenclature for wirewound

and high resolution potentiometers is available from

PPMA. In addition, incoming inspection standards are

available covering wirewound precision potentiometers.

A similar standard is presently being developed for

high resolution precision potentiometers.

164
VEHICLE EQUIPMENT SAFETY

COMMISSION,

1030 15th Street NW.,

Suite 536,

Washington, D.C. 20005

Congress passed the Beamer Resolution in 1958

(Public Law 85-684), which granted approval to the

states to enter into compacts in the interest of highway

traffic safety. In 1961, the Vehicle Equipment Safety

Compact was drafted under the aegis of the Western

Governors' Conference and the Council of State Governments. The first state joined the compact in 1962.

Presently, 42 states and the District of Columbia are

signatories. The compact has as its basic purposes the

achievement of greater uniformity of laws, rules and

regulations, regulating vehicle equipment, expediting

the widespread use of new and improved safety equipment on vehicles, and retaining jurisdiction and

enforcement of rules, regulations, and laws in the

hands of the states. The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act

of 1966 (Public Law 89-563) names the Vehicle Equipment Safety Commission specifically as consultant to the Department of Transportation in the promulgation of Federal Motor Vehicle Standards.

There are currently ten standards as follows: Regulation V-1, Minimum Performance Requirements and

Uniform Test Procedures for New Tires for Passenger

Cars and Station Wagons; Regulation V-2, Minimum

Performance Requirements and Uniform Test Procedures for Retreaded Tires for Passenger Cars and

Station Wagons; Regulation V-3 Minimum Requirements and Uniform Test Procedures for Motor Vehicle Brake Linings; Regulation V-4, Safety Glazing

Materials for Glazing Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways; Regulation V-5, Minimum Requirements for Motor Vehicle Connecting Devices and

Towing Methods; Regulation VESC-6, Minimum

Requirements for School Bus Construction and Equipment; Regulation VESC-7, Safe Operating Condition

of Tires Including Tire Tread Depth Requirement

(Passenger Car Type Tires) ; Regulation VESC-8,

Minimum Requirements for Motorcyclists' Eye Protection; Regulation VESC-9, Safe Operating Condition of Truck and Bus Type Tires; Regulation

VESC-10, Minimum Requirements for Type II School

Bus Construction and Equipment.

The commission presently has three (3) additional

committees in the process of developing new standards: one is the minimum thickness and strength of

brake drums or rotors and how this can be checked

without removing a major component of the vehicle

suspension; one is the minimum performance and

equipment requirements of motorcycles and motor

driven cycles; and the third is the minimum performance and equipment requirement on special vehicles,

altered or reconstructed, four or more wheels.

Each of our standards are constantly monitored,

reviewed and revised when necessary.

WATER CONDITIONING FOUNDATION,

1780 Maple Street,

P.O. Box 194,

Northfield, Illinois 60093

The Water Conditioning Foundation was established in 1948 as a trade association of water conditioning equipment manufacturers and suppliers to the

water conditioning industry. In behalf of the industry,

the foundation conducts a national public relations

program, and serves as the industry's liaison with the

public, private, and Government sectors. The foundation currently has two equipment standards, S-100 for

Household, Commercial and Portable Exchange

Water Softeners, and S-200 for Household and Commercial Water Filters. The testing program against

both standards is conducted by an independent testing

laboratory, and certification is made through the foundation following laboratory validation. These standards

have national application, and the voluntary testing

program is open to all manufacturers of water softeners and water filters. Both standards have a revision

date effective 1973. In addition to intra-industry promotion of the use of the equipment validation program, the foundation uses its public relations channels

to inform consumers of the integrity of certified equipment. S-100 and S-200 have been developed through

consultation with the National Bureau of Standards,

U.S. Department of Commerce; Federal Housing

Administration; and other Government agencies, as

well as quasi-public and private organizations con- cerned with equipment standards. The foundation is currently developing standards for reverse osmosis and

chemical feeding equipment.

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

FEDERATION,

3900 Wisconsin Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20016

The federation was established in 1928 as a nonprofit, technical membership organization. Its objectives are to advance the fundamental and practical

knowledge of all aspects of water pollution control by

the dissemination of technical knowledge through publications, technical conferences, improvement of the

professional status of those working in the field, promotion of public understanding and participation, and

encouragement of the adoption and implementation of

sound regulations aimed toward effective water pollution control.

A principal activity of this organization is the publication of the monthly technical journal of the Water

Pollution Control Federation. This journal, with

23,000 readers all over the world, is the acknowledged

reference for technical information in the field. The

federation is also publisher of an annual yearbook, and

a series of Manuals of Practice including the following

subjects: Safety in Wastewater Works, Regulation of

Sewer Use, Units of Expression for Wastes and Waste

165
Treatment, Sewer Maintenance, Sewage Treatment

Plant Design, Design and Construction of Sanitary and

Storm Sewers, Uniform System of Accounts for Wastewater Utilities, and Operation for Wastewater Plants.

In addition, the federation is one of the three sponsoring organizations for the continuing production of

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater, which is updated on a continuing basis

but revised and published each five years. This publication is the standard in the analytical field in matters

concerning water and wastewater.

Formerly: Federation of Sewage Works Associations

(1949) ; Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes

Associations (1959).

WATER SYSTEMS COUNCIL,

221 North LaSalle Street,

Chicago, Illinois 60601

The council, founded in 1932, represents and serves

the leading manufacturers of domestic and farm water

systems equipment. Approximately 85 percent of all such production is represented by the membership of

the council.

The Testing and Rating Standards adopted by the

council have been established in the public interest,

and are designed to supply the purchaser and/or user automatic, electric water systems with accurate perform- ance data and to assist in the determination of proper

application and selection of this equipment. Any manufacturer of electric water systems may indicate adher- ence to these standards by stating in the specifications

and product description: "Tested and rated in accord- ance with Water Systems Council standards." member

manufacturers of the council may also affix their performance certified by manufacturer seal to products

bearing their name or brand name, or incorporate the

seal design in the description of any product to indi- cate adherence to these testing and rating standards

and procedures. The standards cover : ( 1 ) shallow well

water system pumps; (2) deep well water system

pumps ; ( 3 ) deep well submersible water system pumps

;

(4) pump motor standards; (5) submersible pump

motor standards ; and (6) hydropneumatic tank volume

standards.

Formerly: National Association of Domestic and

Farm Pump Manufacturers.

WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL,

345 East 47th Street,

Room 801,

New York, New York 10017

The Welding Research Council, organized in 1935

by the Engineering Foundation, is a realistic, flexible

mechanism set up by interested engineering societies

and trade associations to accomplish certain objectives.

These objectives simply stated are: (1) to conduct

needed cooperative research in welding and closely

allied fields; (2) to disseminate research information;

(3) to promote welding research in the universities;

and (4) to provide a means for cooperation, interchange of ideas, and information with similar agencies

abroad.

The council disseminates the results of its own

research work and that of many other affiliated organizations through its five regular publications, namely:

Welding Research, Reports of Progress, Welding

Research News, Bulletins, Welding Research Abroad.

In addition to the regular publications of the council, pamphlets, books, and special reports are issued

from time to time. All of these publications, which

represent some $3 million worth of research annually,

are made available to subscribers and research workers,

as well as code-making bodies.

The council is currently administering work in the

following areas: interpretive reports, weldability, pressure, vessel research, resistance welding, structural

steel, aluminum alloys, welding processes, high alloys,

and reactive and refractory metals. In addition to the major engineering societies, the

council works closely with more than a dozen Government departments, and such leading trade associations

as the American Iron and Steel Institute, American

Petroleum Institute, American Institute of Steel Construction, American Gas Association, Edison Electric

Institute, Aluminum Association, Resistance Welding

Manufacturers' Association, and others.

WEST COAST LUMBER INSPECTION

BUREAU,

6980 SW. Varus Road,

P.O. Box 23145,

Portland, Oregon 97223

The West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

(WCLIB) is an industry owned, nonprofit corporation

that provides lumber quality control services at its approximate cost. WCLIB serves the area west of the

summit region of the Cascade Mountains in the States

of Washington and Oregon, and the entire State of

California. Its services are available to any producer,

user, distributor, or dealer handling West Coast lumber

products.

The bureau was founded in 1911 as a part of the old

West Coast Lumbermen's Association.

The bureau is one of the three major rules writing

agencies in the United States. The others are the

Western Wood Products Association and Southern

Pine Inspection Bureau. These three agencies are responsible for the principal part of all the quality

control programs for softwood lumber production in

the United States. WCLIB supervises or grades four

and one-half to six billion feet of lumber per year

which is the bulk of all production west of the

Cascades.

The main objectives of the bureau are to maintain

uniform standards of lumber grading and manufacture,

to promote the use of grade stamped lumber as an

assurance to the buyer, seller and consumer that the

interests of each are fully protected, and to assist in the

efficient use of West Coast lumber products.

166
The American Lumber Standards Committee is the

licensing agent for all of the twelve grading agencies

and six rules writing agencies in the United States. Bureau activities include the publication and dis- tribution of West Coast Grading Rules, supervision

of the grading manufacturing practices of subscriber

plants, grade stamping of West Coast lumber with

official Bureau stamps, certificate inspection of lumber

shipments, reinspection of lumber in dispute at destination and assistance to specification agencies, buyers

and consumers of West Coast products.

WESTERN WOOD MOULDING AND

MILLWORK PRODUCERS,

P.O. Box 25278,

Portland, Oregon 97225

Founded August 9, 1963, Western Wood Moulding

and Millwork Producers is a multiservice manufacturer's trade association within which standards programs

account for 5 to 10 percent of the total budget. Standards are initiated through a standing committee and

administered by the association staff. The most important standard is the WP/Series

Moulding Patterns catalog of accurate, full scale ren- derings of the most popular wood moulding profiles

used nationwide. This may be used as a standard basis

for all U. S. moulding producers. Work has been

initiated to pave the way for conversion of wood

mouldings to metric sizes within five years. Within the

current catalog are grading rules for standard mouldings and finger joint and priming standards.

Recently produced standards include Industry Standard WM 1-73 for Wood Interior Door Jambs and

Frames and WM72-2I, Vinyl Wrapped Interior Moulding and Millwork Products Standard. The Federal

Housing Administration's approval is being pursued

for the latter standard.

In addition, the American Society for Testing and

Materials, ASTM D-3110-Standard Specification for

Adhesives Used in Non-Structural Glued Lumber

Products was formulated by Western Wood Moulding.

The association is a certified testing agency under

the provisions of the LI.S. Department of Commerce

Commercial Standard CS 262-63, Water-Repellent

Preservative Non-Pressure Treatment for Millwork.

All standards issued by the association are intended

for national use. Formerly: Western Wood Moulding Producers

(1968).

WESTERN WOOD PRODUCTS

ASSOCIATION,

1500 Yeon Building,

Portland, Oregon 97204

This association combines the membership of the

former Western Pine Association and West Coast Lumbermen's Association and has members throughout the

12 contiguous Western States. Its members process

Douglas Fir, Larch, Ponderosa Pine, Sugar Pine, Idaho

White Pine, Lodgepole Pine, White Fir, Engelmann

Spruce, Sitka Spruce, Mountain Hemlock, Western

Hemlock, Western Red Cedar, Incense Cedar, Red

Alder and Aspen.

The association writes grading rules in conformity

with Voluntary Product Standard PS 20-70, published

by the U.S. Department of Commerce for all softwood

lumber, except Redwood and Sitka Spruce, produced in

the western states. In addition, the association supervises grading by its members using grading rules writ- ten by other lumber inspection bureaus.

Use of the association's official grade, trade and

species marks, indicates that the lumber was graded

under association supervision by either a member or a grading rule subscriber. These marks are protected and

can be placed on lumber only by a Western Wood

Products Association quality supervisor or by an operator whose grading practices are given regular and

periodic quality supervision by the association. Each

grade stamp carries a mill number or name so that the

shipper can be identified.

The association's inspection certificates financially

guarantee the grade and tally of certified shipments.

WESTERN WOODEN BOX ASSOCIATION,

430 Sherman Avenue,

Suite 206,

Palo Alto, California 94306

The Western Wooden Box Association (WWBA)

was established in 1929. WWBA represents the manufacturers and distributors of sawn wooden boxes,

crates, lugs, veneer components, pallets and loading

material for interstate and export shipment of western

fresh fruit, vegetables and melons.

In California, where most of the box shook manufactured by the industry is used, the majority of such

containers are covered by standards set up under the

California Agricultural Code and Western Wooden

Box Tariff No. 1. In arriving at the standards so set by

law, cooperation between the wooden box industry, the

fresh fruit and vegetable industries, the Uniform Classification Committee representing American Railroads,

Transcontinental Freight Bureau, and the Bureau of

Fruit and Vegetable Standardization (a division of the

California Department of Agriculture) is maintained.

The wooden box industry itself has manufacturing

standards as set forth in the Standard Grade Rules for

Box Shook and Western Wooden Box Tariff No. 1. Whereas the standards set up under the State of California Agricultural Code specify inside dimensions of

containers, the standard grading rules provide a yardstick for quality of shook and official specifications

used in the manufacture of containers.

In addition. Freight Container Tariff No. 1-H provides mandatory standards for minimum thickness

and other container specifications for use in move- ment of perishable fresh produce via rail interstate.

Truck movement of sawn wooden nailed containers,

although not covered by container tariffs, for the most

part are covered by specifications of inside meas- urements as set forth in the California Agricultural

Code and Western Wooden Box Tariff No. 1.

167
Formerly: Pacific Division of National Wooden

Box Association.

WHEY PRODUCTS INSTITUTE,

130 North Franklin Street,

Chicago, IlUnois 60606

The Whey Products Institute (WPI), a national

trade association of whey processors, was founded in

1971. WPI's purposes are to stimulate and conduct

research and to collect and disseminate information

for the education of the public and users as to the

character, quality, convenience, economy, use and

functions of whey products and products derived

from whey, to promote the utilization of such products, and to collect and disseminate such statistics

and information as will further such purposes.

WPI's standardization activities consist of 60-75 percent of the total program. The Standards/Research

Committee administers the standards program. The

current standards are in the areas of: product

definition/nomenclature; specifications and grade clas- sification; and sanitation. These standards are accepted as national in scope by the industry. WPI's

activities outside the organization consist of cooperation with the Food and Drug Administration and the

Department of Agriculture and on an international

level, WPI contributes towards the Codex Alimentarius.

WINE INSTITUTE,

717 Market Street,

San Francisco, California 94103

This institute, founded in 1934, devotes its efforts

in standardization primarily towards advocating the

adoption of wine and brandy quality standards as established by Federal and state agencies. This insti- tute's committees make studies and recommendations

in connection with standards of identity and quality

for wine and brandy. The recommendations are then

placed before official agencies for consideration in

connection with the establishment of new standards

or the revision of existing standards.

WIRE REINFORCEMENT INSTITUTE,

7900 Westpark Drive,

McLean, Virginia 22101

WRI, the Wire Reinforcement Institute, is a voluntary, incorporated association of United States and

Canadian manufacturers of steel welded wire fabric. It was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1930, and was

organized to increase the sale and use of welded wire

fabric by dissemination of information about the

product and its applications, and through scientific

and market research. It provides technical service in

the public interest and cooperates with Government

agencies on all levels, in any program affecting the

wire fabric industry.

Engineering Service—Research is conducted to develop basic information from which to gain a better

understanding of welded wire fabric so that it can be

used more effectively and its market can be expanded.

This research is in these areas: (1) physical properties, (2) design methods and practices, and (3)

behavior of fabric in construction applications.

Consulting Service—Upon request, consulting services are rendered to Government agencies as well as

to consulting engineers, architects, contractors, and

builders. These contacts provide an opportunity to educate the specifiers and constructors regarding the

best design and construction procedures, and at the same time, direct these practices to fit in with manufacturing limitations.

WOOD AND SYNTHETIC FLOORING

INSTITUTE,

1201 Waukegan Road,

Glenview, Illinois 60025

WSFI was originally formed as the Wood Flooring

Institute in 1954; synthetics were added in 1970. The

institute is principally comprised of more than 40

flooring contractors throughout the United States. Standards have been published for all types of floors

and floor surfaces. A set of 14 standards is available

from WSFI Headquarters in Glenview, Illinois. Currently the institute is developing programs for

better estimating of flooring installations and investigating fire safety synthetic surfaces.

The institute operates a continuing program of

updating specifications and is the only major representative of the flooring industry in the United States.

ZINC INSTITUTE,

292 Madison Avenue,

New York, New York 10017

The Zinc Institute was founded in 1918. The

activities of this institute in the field of standardization are confined to specifications and standards in

connection with the finished products of the zinc

industry. The institute is a member of the American

Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and

cooperates with those committees dealing with corro- sion of iron and steel, on specifications for nonferrous

metals and alloys, and on corrosion of nonferrous

metals and alloys. It has cooperated in the preparation

of ASTM specifications covering slab zinc (spelter),

rolled zinc, and zinc base alloy die castings. In addition, it concerns itself in all ASTM specifications re- lating to zinc-coated steel and iron articles such as fencing, wire, sheets, pipe, hardware, etc., as well as methods of test in connection therewith.

It cooperates also with the Standardization Division,

Federal Supply Service, General Services Administration, in the preparation and revision of Federal

specifications covering slab zinc (spelter) ; zinc plates,

sheets and strip; zinc anodes for cathodic protection;

zinc base alloys for die castings; and zinc dust-zinc

oxide primer paint (for galvanized- zinc-coated- or

zinc surfaces). In conjunction with the promotion

activities of the institute and its efforts to improve

168
the quality of zinc-coated (galvanized) roofing sheets,

the institute licenses steel manufacturers without

charge to stamp the American Zinc Institute's seal of

quality mark on all galvanized sheets, which conform

to rigid specifications as to quality and which carry a

full 2-ounce coating.

Formerly: American Zinc Institute (1968).

3. State Governments

ARIZONA, STATE OF,

Manager, Purchasing Office,

Finance Division,

Department of Administration,

The Capitol Building,

1700 West Washington,

Phoenix, Arizona 85007

The State of Arizona Purchasing Office, Division of

Finance, Department of Administration, is responsible

for administering the standardization activities for the

State as applies to procurement of supplies, materials

and equipment.

The standards program was implemented in 1968

when a central State purchasing office was authorized

by legislative appropriation.

Currently standards issued by this office approximate 150 items. These standards are those reviewed

and adopted from the National Association of State

Purchasing Officials and National Institute of Governmental Purchasing organizations information

exchange circulars.

The Manager of the State Purchasing Office is Chairman of the State Standards Committee. The

committee is comprised of department administrators

representing approximately seven larger agencies and

institutions of the State on a rotating basis and

dependent on the commodity under review.

The standards are promoted by (1) informing State

agencies of the existence and adherence to State specifications as formulated or adopted by the standards

committee; (2) review of all State agency requests by

central purchasing for deviations and changes to State

specifications and standards.

COLORADO, STATE OF

State Purchasing Director,

Division of Purchasing,

Department of Administration,

Suite 232 - State Services Building,

Denver, Colorado 80203

Effective March 26, 1973 a State Purchasing Director was assigned to administer the standardization

program for the State of Colorado.

The program is being developed to encompass those

standards considered effective and applicable over a

long period of time. It is a program of statewide

scope for which implementation is anticipated in the near future. The program will include a full time

standards committee. The use of standards, upon

implementation of the new program, will be promoted

by selling the program to using agencies and by

appropriate contracts and awards to substantiate the

standards established.

CONNECTICUT, STATE OF,

Director,

Purchasing Division,

Department of Finance and Control,

P.O. Box 1141,

460 Silver Street,

Middletown, Connecticut 06457

The prime function of the State of Connecticut

Standards Division is to supervise, study, and review

all commodity standards and specifications submitted

to the Standardization Committee for their consideration and adoption.

To assist in this important function, approximately 300 qualified personnel, representing 30

Advisory Committees, are currently serving on these

committees, some of which were originally organized

in June, 1952.

Representatives of industry, other states, cities,

towns, national purchasing groups and branches of

the Federal Government have continued to express

interest in the division's unique approach to the development of specifications and standards. This division

strives to establish specifications developed in full cooperation with State agencies and responsible industry representation. The Standards Division promulated and/or revised 161 specifications, acceptable

brands lists, and standards during 1971-1972 which

controlled the quality of approximately $30 million of

commodities purchased for using State agencies. The

specifications are designated to provide optimum

value and quality to satisfy the needs of the using

agencies.

Approximately 350 documents, including acceptable brands lists, Connecticut standards, and specifications have been established to serve all phases of

State procurement.

FLORIDA, STATE OF,

Director,

Division of Purchasing, Bureau of Standards,

Department of General Services,

William D. Bloxham Building,

Tallahassee, Florida 32304

The State of Florida Division of Purchasing implemented a standardization program in 1968. Under the

Director of the Division of Purchasing, this program

was designed to standardize the many high-volume

common items purchased by various State agencies.

Standardization is accomplished first by preparing

169
specifications which reflect minimum requirements

consistent with the present state of the art offered by

manufacturers and secondly, by inspection and test of

a quality standard product (pre-bid sample). Random

samples are tested, using the same inspection and test criteria to assure product integrity throughout the

term of a contract. The Division of Purchasing has published 2050

standards covering a wide variety of items. When

completed, these standards are promulgated with

copies being sent to the National Bureau of Standards,

General Services Administration, National Association

of State Purchasing Officials, National Association of

Purchasing Management, National Institute of Governmental Purchasing, and the American Society for

Testing and Materials. Presently the American Society

for Testing and Materials, using State of Florida

specifications as a foundation, is working with the

paper industry to establish industry standards on unwatermarked, cut size, office papers.

GEORGIA, STATE OF,

Director,

Purchasing and Supplies Division,

Department of Administrative Services,

116 Mitchell Street SW.,

Atlanta, Georgia 30334

The standardization activities of the State of Georgia are administered by the Purchasing and Supplies

Division of the Department of Administrative Services. Formal specifications development and a program of standardization of purchased materials began

in April 1972, with the implementation of the Contract Section of the division. Currently about 60

statewide standard contracts are in effect and the

program aims toward staffing for development of

standard specifications covering one-half of the State's materials needs by the end of 1975. These standards

and the associated purchasing contracts are promoted

for utilization by all city and county purchasing functions in the State, also.

ILLINOIS, STATE OF,

State Purchasing Agent,

Procurement Division,

Department of General Services,

801 State Office Building,

Springfield, Illinois 62706

The Procurement Division of the Department of

General Services, formerly known as the Purchases

and Supplies Section of the Department of Finance, is responsible for purchasing commodities and equipment, and formulating specifications for all State

agencies except for the universities.

State purchasing agents of this division (buyers)

write specifications for various commodity and equipment items. There are currently over 90 standard

specifications for commodities and products for the

State of Illinois. In the case of highly sophisticated

equipment, the purchasing agents work with the

engineers associated with the agency using such

items. Agents may also meet with manufacturers to discuss new specifications or the need to update old

ones. Specifications established by this office are sent

to all appropriate State agencies.

KANSAS, STATE OF,

Director,

Division of Purchases,

Department of Administration,

State Office Building,

Topeka, Kansas 66612

The standardization program, as it relates to commodities used by the agencies of Kansas government,

is under the jurisdiction of the Division of Purchases.

In July, 1953, Kansas by statutory authority created a centraHzed Purchasing Division under which specifications and standards are developed. This is a continuing process including constant revisions and additions.

Standards are on file in the office of Director of

Purchases, State Office Building, Topeka, Kansas. The

basic specifications and standards are written and

indexed by employees of the Division of Purchases

with help from the using agencies. A Standards Committee at the University of Kansas Medical Center

assists with hospital and medical standards and

specifications. Other areas are supplied by ad hoc

committees, set up as needed in specific instances.

The only standing committee is the Medical Center

Committee.

Use of standards by the agencies of State government is a statutory authority of the Director of Purchases, and their use is a cooperative requirement of

his office.

KENTUCKY, COMMONWEALTH OF,

Chief, Specification and Inspection,

Division of Purchases,

Department of Finance,

New Capitol Annex,

Frankfort, Kentucky 40601

The Specification and Inspection Section, of the

Division of Purchases, within the Executive Department for Finance and Administration, was activated

in 1956, but without continuous activity since. Its purpose is to assist commodity buyers, and construction and renovation buyers, by maintenance of the

standards and specifications of the: General Services

Administration, American Society for Testing and

Materials, and several laboratory reporting services.

The division's ongoing committee efforts exist in such

areas as: vehicles, janitorial maintenance products,

furniture and others, with the purpose of establishing

written standard specifications which will be of

benefit to all State agencies.

The Specification Section also conducts some

170
inspections of sites and shipments to determine that

the service or product is in compliance with established contracts.

MARYLAND, STATE OF,

Chief of the Purchasing Bureau,

Department of General Services,

301 West Preston Street,

Baltimore, Maryland 21201

The Purchasing Bureau of the Maryland State

Department of General Services initiated a standardization program in June 1973.

At this time the staff consists of two standards

technicians and to date the program activity is directed at furniture standardization.

The bureau's intent is to establish standards for all significant items that are widely used by the State and

to develop specifications for these items. The scope

of its long-range program encompasses cataloging

standards and specifications and also includes certifi- cation activities.

MICHIGAN, STATE OF,

Standards Executive,

Purchasing Division, Standards Section,

Department of Management and Budget,

Mason Building,

Lansing, Michigan 48913

The Standards Unit is primarily responsible for

developing and establishing standard specifications,

and arranging for laboratory tests at state-owned

facilities and commercial laboratories. Specifications

have been developed for a large number of commodities, thereby establishing a much better understanding between the buyer and the seller, regarding the

item being purchased. This is absolutely necessary for

good competitive bidding. Several hundred specifications have been prepared and are in use, but many

more are needed. The specifications are continually

revised in order to keep them up to date.

The standards engineer, buyers and agency representatives work together in developing standards. This

"committee" approach has been particularly effective

for the purchase of food, pharmaceuticals, vehicles,

computers, clothing and textiles, paper, laundry

equipment, furniture, paint, traffic control devices, and

radio equipment. The Purchasing Division is responsible for the inspection of all purchases in cooperation

with the receiving agencies. Major responsibility for

inspection must rest with agency personnel in the

field where commodities are received.

The Standards Unit arranges for inspection and

grading of numerous items prior to shipment, to insure that quality products are received. All meat

items are processed under Institutional Meat Purchase Specifications (IMPS) and are selected and

inspected by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) before shipment to the using agencies.

Poultry purchases are also inspected by USDA.

Practically all canned fruits, vegetables, and juices are graded by USDA, and a certificate furnished with

each shipment. Butter and cheese are graded by the

Federal-State Inspection and Grading Service. Coal is purchased on definite specifications. It is sampled and

tested during the entire shipping season to determine

whether the coal meets the Btu content requirements on which it was purchased.

MINNESOTA, STATE OF,

Director of Procurement,

Standards and Engineering Unit,

Procurement Division,

Department of Administration,

Saint Paul, Minnesota 55101

The Standards Unit was organized in 1953, and is now called the Standards and Engineering Unit

(SEU). This unit is responsible for developing and

promulgating procedures, standards, and specifications, for a wide range of commodities and services

procured by the State of Minnesota's Procurement

Division. SEU is also responsible for general quality

control, inspection, and laboratory testing. The Commissioner of Administration issued and authorized the

formation of a State Standardization Committee in

June of 1962.

The State of Minnesota has issued approximately

450 specifications and standards, (general and detail).

The specifications and standards are listed in MN. 1,

Minnesota Master Index of Standard Specifications,

Standards, Acceptable Brands Lists, Procedures, and

Miscellaneous Procurement Division Publications and

Documents.

At the present time, there are nineteen active

Standards Advisory Committees which are responsible

in the following areas: Group 23, Vehicles, 2310

Passenger Vehicles, and 2320—Trucks; Groups 35

and 79, Laundry and Dry Cleaning Equipment and

Supplies; Groups 36 and 75, Reproduction Equipment,

Supplies, and Paper; Group 41, Refrigeration and Air

Conditioning Equipment and Supplies; Groups 45, 47,

and 48, Plumbing Supplies and Equipment; Groups

58 and 67, Audio-Visual Equipment; Group 65, Drugs;

Group 66, Microscopes; Group 68, Chemicals and

Chemical Prod.—Herbicides, Insecticides, etc.; Group

71, Furniture, other than Library) ; Groups 71 and

76, Library Furniture; Group 74, Office Machines and

Related Equipment, (Typewriters, Manual and Electric) ; Group 75, Office Supplies; Group 77, Musical

Instruments; Group 78, Recreational and Athletic

Equipment; Group 79, Cleaning Equipment and Supplies, (Housekeeping) ; Groups 79, 81, 85, Paper

Products—Towels, Tissue, (other than Reproduction

Paper) ; Groups 83, and 84, Clothing and Textiles; and

Group 89, Food.

SEU has a Procurement Newsletter which is used

as a vehicle for promoting the use of standards. Certification is through lab and field testing to State and

Federal specifications, and standards.

171
MISSOURI, STATE OF,

Director,

Contracting and Procurement Division,

Office of Administration,

Jefferson City, Missouri 65101

Centralized Procurement was established by the

Missouri Legislature in the mid 1930's with the

establishment of the State Purchasing Agent's Office.

In January, 1973, the Division of Contracting and

Procurement was reorganized from the former State

Purchasing Agent's Office and placed within the Office

of Administration.

The Division of Contracting and Procurement is a Merit System organization of the State government of

Missouri charged by Chapter 34 of the Revised

Statutes of the State of Missouri with the responsibility for procurement of supplies and services for all but a few statutorily and constitutionally exempt

agencies of State government. The major activity of

the division is a Buyer Section consisting of 10 professional buyers responsible for specific commodities and

services required by the various State institutions.

The following standards, which are statewide in

scope, are furnished to bidders and referred to in

Invitations to Bid on items covered by the standard

specifications: Missouri Meat Specifications, Missouri

Mattress Specifications, Missouri Bronze and Iron

Specifications, Missouri Steamfitters Supplies, Missouri

Intermediate Automobiles Specifications and Missouri

Paint Specifications.

MONTANA, STATE OF,

Chief,

State Purchasing Bureau,

Department of Administration,

State Capitol Building,

Helena, Montana 59601

The State of Montana is developing a standards

program at this time and has set up specifications and

acceptable brands lists which have been used as a basis to award state contracts. Each buyer is responsible for the completeness of

specifications used in calls for bids and in some cases

a brand item or guaranteed equal can be bid.

There is one specifications analyst who works in

conjunction with the Chief of Purchasing and all buyers and representatives from State departments, to arrive at specifications which will apply to all departments and be broad enough to allow competitive

bidding.

The department does not have a testing lab, therefore, use is made of the Department of Highways' lab

and University facilities for the testing of some items.

Each receiving agency is responsible for quality and

control and for checking items when they arrive, to determine whether or not the item is as specified in

the bidding process.

NEW JERSEY, STATE OF,

Director,

Standards and Specifications Section,

Division of Purchase and Property,

State House,

Trenton, New Jersey 08625

The Standards and Specifications Section was

initiated in 1956 and has the responsibility for establishing standards and specifications of all materials

purchased to these specifications. This section also

performs evaluations, inspections, testing of materials, and the resolving of complaints.

The objective is to assure that all vendors doing

business with the State of New Jersey Purchase

Bureau adhere to all prepared product and service

specifications. It is also the purpose to effect econo- mies wherever possible by means of the most efficient use of the materials purchased and to recommend the

purchase of as few articles as possible for the same

type of use. The section maintains active membership in the

American Society for Testing and Materials, National

Association of State Purchasing Officials, and National

Institute of Governmental Purchasing.

NEW YORK, STATE OF,

Director,

Division of Standards and Quality Control,

Office of General Services,

South Mall Tower,

Albany, New York 12223

This Division of New York's Office of General Services (OGS) is responsible for establishing standards

and specifications for equipment procured by the

Division of Purchasing for all State agencies and

departments of the State of New York including the

State University. Activated in 1954 with four specification writers, the Division of Standards and Quality

Control has since been expanded to include an Engineering Specifications Bureau, an Inspection Bureau

and Chemical, Physical, Electrical-Electronic and

Light Reflectance Laboratories. Specifications are developed by the Specifications Bureau unilaterally or

in cooperation with committees chaired by the specification engineers and consisting of respresentatives

of major State agencies which are users of the

product under consideration, after consultation with

industry. These are continuing committees which

meet, to review and revise the applicable specification

at least once a year or more often if the situation

warrants. Items such as athletic equipment, grounds

maintenance equipment, paint and wall covering

materials, office furniture and equipment and others

are now under committee study and review. Some

consideration is given to the development of qualified

products or acceptable brands lists but this method of

specifying is not currently emphasized. Term contracts issued against OGS standards and specifications

172
are mandatory for State agencies and none but contract items may be purchased without specific OGS

approval.

NORTH CAROLINA, STATE OF,

State Purchasing Officer,

Standards and Engineering Section,

Purchase and Contract Division,

Department of Administration,

116 West Jones Street,

Raleigh, North CaroUna 27603

The duty to establish and enforce specifications is assigned to the Purchase and Contract Division and to the State Standardization Committee. The Standardization Committee was first established in July, 1959.

Its duty is to review, adopt, establish and/ or modify

standard specifications wherever feasible applying to

articles purchased or leased. This committee consists

of the Secretary of the Department of Administration,

who serves as chairman, and six members appointed

by the Governor. Standard specifications as adopted

by this committee are applicable to the purchase of

items made under both indefinite quantity term contracts and under definite quantity contracts. The Standards and Engineering Section implements

the statutory duties of the Standardization Committee,

under the administrative directions of the State Purchasing Officer. Advisory committees, composed of

regular state employees and other individuals with

specialized knowledge in specific commodities or

classes of commodities, formulate proposed standard

specifications for presentation to and adoption by the

Standardization Committee.

The Standards and Engineering Section maintains a

quality control program by testing, evaluating and

inspecting deliveries made to the various agencies.

The staff of the section includes consultants in the

mechanical, electronic, chemical and industrial engineering fields. They are available to State agencies,

institutions, public school systems, community col- leges and technical institutions as consultants in the

selection, use and maintenance of equipment and

supplies. There are approximately 125 current standards issued by this office, with the active standards

committees numbering 19. Standard specifications are

distributed to using agencies and vendors as they are developed.

OREGON, STATE OF,

Administrator,

Specification Section, Procurement Division,

Department of General Services,

1225 Ferry Street SE.,

Salem, Oregon 97310

The Specification Section was established in 1951,

as a support function for the Procurement Division.

Responsibilities of the section include formulation and

issuance of standard specifications, qualified products

lists and purchase specifications for use by State purchasing agents. State agencies and authorized political

subdivisions. Approximately 90 standard specifications

and 30 qualified products lists are presently in exist- ence. They are supplied upon request, and as refer- enced on distribution sheets issued by State purchasing agents. The Specification Section also provides assistance to State purchasing agents as required on any specification problems. A small laboratory is available for technical product testing (particularly

paint) . A Booklet of State Standard Bid Paragraphs is maintained for standardization of bid wording and

format (particularly contract-type bids) ; and a State

Commodity Code system is maintained to facilitate

control of purchasing agent commodity assignments,

etc. The following committees are activiated as needed

to assist the Specification Section in developing and

revising specifications: Fine Printing Paper Committee, Motor Vehicle Committee, Office Equipment Committee and Furniture Committee.

PENNSYLVANIA, COMMONWEALTH OF,

Secretary of Property and Supplies,

Department of Property and Supplies,

Room 602, North Office Building,

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17125

The Bureau of Standards in the Department of

Property and Supplies, established October 1, 1929,

has the responsibility for the standardization program

in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Among other

functions they are responsible for establishing standards and specifications for all materials, except certain

highway materials, supplies, equipment and services

purchased by the Commonwealth. In addition, the

bureau conducts a field inspection program and tests through the use of laboratory facilities delivered

materials for conformance to these established specifications. It also offers technological and advisory

services to all State agencies.

One of the major responsibilities of the bureau is to review purchase requisitions prior to going out on

bid, and also, perform bid evaluations and make

recommendations for the award on bids.

The bureau has published over 700 Commonwealth

specifications which are periocially reviewed,

updated and listed in an Index to Commonwealth

Specifications which is published yearly with monthly

updates. The index and accumulative supplements

are forwarded to all using agencies. National Institute

of Governmental Purchasing, National Association of

State Purchasing Officials, Canada, various states, and

school districts upon request.

Standards Committees are actively working on

environmental sanitation services specifications;

standards and specifications for a safe school bus for

the Pennsylvania school districts; participating in the

revision of the Pennsylvania Motor Vehicle Code;

developing uniform standard definitions, classifications, and recommend procedure for requisitioning

fertilizers and herbicides, and closed circuit and

mobile communications systems.

The bureau maintains membership and actively

participates in the National Institute of Governmental

173
Purchasing, Technical Association of the Pulp and

Paper Industry, American Society for Testing and

Materials, American Association of Textile Chemists

and Colorists, American National Standards Institute,

National Association of State Purchasing Officials and

the American Chemical Society.

RHODE ISLAND, STATE OF,

State Purchasing Agent,

Division of Purchases,

Department of Administration,

289 Promenade Street,

Providence, Rhode Island 02908

The State Purchasing Agent, head of the Division of

Purchases operates a centralized organization for the

purchase of supplies and equipment and is the contracting authority for services and construction for all State agencies as outlined in: 37-2-2, 37-2-3, GL 1956.

The Standards Section was established to implement

the duties of the State Purchasing Agent. The principal duty of the Standards Section is to be concerned

with the development of standard specifications and

acceptable brand lists, and as necessary, their amendments or revisions.

A Standard Specification Preparation Manual was

prepared as a guide for development of the commodity

standardization program within the State government.

The Standard Specification Manual provides for the

appointment of Advisory Committees to assist in the

development of technological data necessary for the

preparation of standard specifications and acceptable

brands lists. To date we have 16 active committees

meeting regularly. The Standards Section has developed

catalogs for the following: food, footwear, clothing,

furniture, office supplies and lumber, and are presently

working on cataloging hardware, electrical supplies and

plumbing supplies. Standard specifications and acceptable brands lists are on file for numerous items.

TENNESSEE, STATE OF,

Director,

Purchasing Division,

Department of General Services,

C2-202 Central Services Building,

Nashville, Tennessee 37219

The Department of General Services was created by

a legislative act in 1972. The purpose of the act was

to place certain staff functions of the State government

under the administrative control of a single department. The department is composed of eight divisions

which perform the following functions.

Administrative Division—This division is composed

of the Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, departmental fiscal officer, personnel officer, systems analyst,

and sufficient clerical staff, to coordinate and supervise the activities of the divisions in the department.

Purchasing Division—The Director of this centralized purchasing agency receives its authority and operating guidelines from the State purchasing statutes. The same statutes also created a Board of Standards

that is composed of the State Comptroller, the Commissioner of Finance and Administration, and the

Commissioner of General Services. It is the duty of

this board to examine and approve standard specifications for all materials, supplies, and equipment purchased for the use of State government and to examine

and approve the rules and regulations governing the

operation of this division as provided by the State

purchasing statutes. The Department of General Services, Purchasing

Division, is charged not only with the centralized

procurement responsibility but also with the supply

management responsibility which includes the exercise

of procurement controls over the operating departments and agencies. The statutes governing State purchasing have defined and extended the purchasing

function to encompass the total supply concept. In

carrying through the responsibilities, the purchasing

division is involved directly with many details—specifications, standardization, value analysis, inventory control, market analysis, vendor performance, evaluation

of offers, compliance with the law, disposition or disposal of surplus property, inspection of receipts, and

the delegation of authority.

Purchasing represents material management with the

overall objective of maintaining costs at economic

levels and reducing them wherever possible.

TEXAS, STATE OF,

Executive Director,

Texas State Board of Control,

P.O. Box 13047,

Capitol Station,

Austin, Texas 78711

The State Board of Control has, among other functions, the responsibility for establishing specifications

and standards for materials, supplies and equipment

purchased for agencies of the State. The program was

initiated in 1957 and as a result 362 specifications have

been developed, 85 of which have acceptable products

listings. The board enlists the cooperation of other

State agencies, manufacturers, and national standards

and testing organizations in the establishment, maintenance, and revision of its specifications. The board

encourages and fosters the use of the standard specifications in order that the most efficient purchase of

products may be continuously accomplished.

UTAH, STATE OF,

Purchasing Agent,

Division of Purchasing,

Department of Finance,

State Capital Building,

Sah Lake City, Utah 84114

The Department of Finance, is responsible for the

purchasing/standardization activities for the State of

174
Utah. The standardization program for the State of

Utah was formed in 1941. The Director of Finance

appoints with the approval of the Governor, the Purchasing Agent.

The Director of Finance exercises the powers and

performs the duties relating to the purchase of all supplies, materials, equipment and services required in

the administration of any department of the State,

the administration of a central purchasing and store system for the departments of the State and the exercise of inventory control over all departments.

The Purchasing Standardization Committee seeks

the advice, assistance and cooperation of all State

departments as to their particular requirements in the

preparation or revision of any standard or specification adopted by it and ascertains the precise requirements of each department. Each specification adopted

for any commodity must satisfy the requirements of

the majority of the departments having use for the

commodity. After its adoption each standard or specification, until revised or rescinded, is the control in the

purchase of every commodity to which it applies ; provided however, that the State Purchasing Agent with

the approval of the Governor may purchase commodities not complying with such specifications or standards when required to meet the particular needs of

any department.

The Director of Finance is the chairman of the

Purchasing Standardization Committee. In the absence

of the Director, the State's Purchasing Agent serves as chairman. The committee meets upon the call of the

Governor or of its chairman or any seven members

upon two days notice to each of the members thereof.

Seven members constitute a quorum for the trans- action of business. The committee meets as often as necessary but at least once every six months.

The State of Utah in preparing specifications uses a brand name and model number on acceptable brands

where standards are not available. Each buyer is responsible for the specifications being accurate and

nonrestrictive. The words "or approved equal" follow

the brand name in all instances.

The Purchasing Division has a specification analyst

who works with the Purchasing Agent and all buyers

where specifications are for bidding annual contracts. He also works with the various State departments

when requested.

Since the State does not have a testing laboratory,

Division of Purchasing utilizes the State Highway

Department laboratory and University of Utah facilities when required.

The State Purchasing Agent makes the final decision as to whether or not the specifications have been

met by the various companies submitting bids.

The standards and specifications for the State are

filed with the National Association of State Purchasing

Officials (NASPO) Standards Committee. NASPO

maintains a collection of state specifications and standards which are available through the Council of State

Governments, the NASPO Secretariat.

VIRGINIA, COMMONWEALTH OF,

Director,

Department of Purchases and Supply,

Post Office Box 1199,

Richmond, Virginia 23209

Section 2.1-279 of the Code of Virginia relating to

this department reads as follows: "So far as practicable, all materials, equipment and supplies, purchased

by or for the officers, departments, agencies or institutions of the State, shall be standardized by the Director, and no variation shall be allowed from any

established standard without the written approval of

the Director. Such standards shall be determined upon

the needs of all using agencies, so far as their needs are

in common, and for groups of using agencies or single

using agencies so far as their needs differ. When

changes or alterations in equipment are necessary in

order to permit the application of any standard, such

changes and alterations shall be made as rapidly as possible."

The Department of Purchases and Supply attempts

to carry out this directive, for the most part, through

the establishment of various statewide purchase contracts. For instance, the department has standardized on such contract products as carpet, metal office furniture, paint, floor maintenance supplies, and xerographic

toner. These standards are usually expressed in specifications or approved brands lists and are based on tests conducted by various State agencies and/or consultations with major manufacturers.

WEST VIRGINIA, STATE OF,

Director,

Purchasing Division,

Department of Finance and Administration,

State Capitol Building,

Charleston, West Virginia 25305

All procurement activity in the State of West Virginia is centralized in the Purchasing Division of the

Department of Finance and Administration. This division not only has the responsibility for procurement of

all material used by the State but also for classification

of all commodities and adopting and formulating a schedule of standard specifications. Such standards and

specifications are mandatory after the time of their publication for use by all units of State government.

The responsibility for all standardization activities

of the State of West Virginia rests with the Director

of Purchasing. To assist the Director of Purchasing,

the legislature created one staff position of Specification Analyst.

The standardization activities of the State of West

Virginia commenced July 1, 1973. The first standard

specification promulgated was for canned foods and

staple groceries. In the near future more activity is expected in all areas where the State buys large quantities of goods.

175
WISCONSIN, STATE OF,

Director,

Bureau of Purchases and Services,

Department of Administration,

1 West Wilson Street,

Madison, Wisconsin 53702

The State Bureau of Purchases and Services, Wisconsin Department of Administration, is responsible

for standardization in public purchasing and public

printing for the State. The principal activity is vested

in the Standards and Value Analysis Unit, State Purchasing Section, a unit which has been formally in

existence since 1962, but traces its genesis to the passage of the State central purchasing law in 1929. The

supervisor and staff chair standing and ad hoc standards committees comprised of using agency representatives. Nearly half (48 percent) of the State's approximate $120 million purchases for fiscal 1972-73

were made under the standards program. The basic

listing of standardization is the Index of Scheduled

Procurement Operational Bulletins. Promotion of the use of standards is found in s. 16.72 (2), Wis. Stats. The State Printing Section also has a standards program following the purchasing format but somewhat

limited by the inherent variables of printing.

The Wisconsin State Purchasing Standards and

Value Analysis Unit, under the State Bureau of Purchases and Services, has the responsibility of reducing

the variety of materials, equipment, supplies and contractual services purchased and for the selection of

the quality level most consistent with State agency

needs on a statewide basis. Expressing these requirements in written specifications and standards which are acceptable to the agencies and to the market in which

they must be procured, provides basic combinations for

centralized large volume contracting. Standards committees are formed and convened to assist in this

process. The separate committees are composed of

State purchasing and agency personnel who are knowledgeable in the commodity or service being

standardized. The committees are advisory to State

purchasing and meet as often as is necessary to keep

standardized specifications and policies current. In the

selection and development of standard specifications

consideration is given for the maximum availability

and competition of that commodity or service in the

market place. Whenever possible, specifications recognized by industry and national standards are adopted

for State use. WYOMING, STATE OF,

Purchasing Administrator,

Purchasing and Property Control Division,

Department of Administration and

Fiscal Control,

Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002

The Purchasing and Property Control (PPC) Division of the State of Wyoming is the procurement office for the necessary purchase of merchandise. This division also sets standards for equipment and supplies.

The division started a standardization program in

the fall of 1971. Items standardized at this date are:

office furniture, typewriters, duplicating paper, janitorial supplies, letterheads, envelopes, and miscellaneous

forms. Standardized items are kept on inventory at the Central Services warehouse. The agencies within

the State of Wyoming requisition the standardized

merchandise from the office of Purchasing and Property Control. PPC assigns a stock room number to the

requisition and fills the order. The order is delivered

to the agency by our delivery service.

PPC is forming a standardized guide on adding

machines and electronic calculators. The program is in cooperation with administrators of the various

agencies.

PPC also has a policy and procedures manual to

assist in promoting the items listed as standard.

4. Federal Government

AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF,

Fourteenth Street and

Independence Avenue SW.,

Washington, D.C. 20250

Office of Automated Data Systems,

Departmental Information Processing Standards,

Rural Electrification Administration,

Agricultural Marketing Service,

Packers and Stockyards Administration,

Scales and Weighing Branch,

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Departmental Information Processing Standards,

Office of Automated Data Systems,

U.S. Department of Agriculture

The Office of Automated Data Systems (OADS) is responsible for establishing and managing a departmental computer network. The office also manages the

total ADP resources of the Department. Standards

relating to the management and operation of all departmental ADP activities are administered by

OADS through the Departmental Information Processing Standards (DIPS) Program. This standardization

activity, formally initiated in September, 1972, will

coordinate development, implementation and mainte- nance of ADP, data and data communications related

standards.

The DIPS will be promulgated in a DIPS Manual.

The manual will include standards and informational

material to support operations of the computer network

and other ADP activities. Standards relating to computer center management, project management, hardware, software, applications development, data and

security of computer resources are contained in the

DIPS Manual. Applicable Federal and external standards are also incorporated in the departmental standards. Procedures, guidelines and other informational

material which implement the standards will be

assembled in a second manual.

ADP Systems Division of OADS has primary

responsibility for the DIPS Program. In the develop176
ment of standards, USDA agency participation is sought to ensure that the standards satisfy all agency

requirements to the maximum extent possible. Task

groups and committees representing Department agencies are available to assist in the development and

review of proposed standards.

The objectives of the DIPS Program are to create,

implement and maintain ADP, data and data communications standards, guidelines and procedures needed

by agencies of the Department and departmental computer network as a basis for managerial control;

improve hardware and software systems, enhance the

effectiveness of application development and provide a basis for measurement of information processing performance with the Department.

Rural Electrification Administration,

U.S. Department of Agriculture

The Rural Electrification Administration (REA) is active in the preparation of engineering standards and

specifications for materials and equipment and for the

design and construction of electric and telephone facilities to serve rural areas. The electric standards include

overhead and underground distribution lines, overhead

transmission lines, substations and generating plants.

The telephone standards include overhead and underground telephone lines, station equipment and central

office equipment.

Standards and specifications of national standardizing groups are utilized to the maximum practicable

extent. Where they are not adequate or where they

do not exist, REA prepares standards and specifications to be used by its borrowers which construct and

operate rural electric and telephone systems. Standards

and specifications are also prepared where it appears

that such specifications and standards will result in

reduced costs, improved materials and equipment, or

the more effective use of engineering services. Standards and guides are also prepared which relate to the

management and operation of rural electric and tele- phone systems.

REA standards are utilized by approximately 1,000

rural electric systems and 800 rural telephone systems

in 47 states to which loan funds have been made available. The standards are also utilized by other organizations in this country and abroad.

Information on REA standards and copies of most

standards are available upon request to the Rural Electrification Administration, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. 20250. Several REA

publications which include specifications, standard

construction drawings and contract forms are available

from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402.

Agricultural Marketing Service,

U.S. Department of Agriculture

U.S. grade standards for food and farm products are developed by standardization staffs within the seven commodity divisions of the Agricultural Marketing

Service, with the assistance of the statistical staff. Present legislative authority for standardization work is provided by the U.S. Cotton Standards Act, 1923; The

Tobacco Inspection Act, 1935; The Naval Stores Act,

1923; United States Grain Standards Act, 1916, revised

1968; and the Agricultural Marketing Act, 1946. The

standards are contained in Code of Federal Regulations 7, parts 0 to 209. The first USDA grade standards were those established for cotton in 1909, under a provision of the USDA appropriation act for 1908-9.

The purpose of the standards is to identify the

degrees of quality in food and farm products, and

thereby aid in marketing by establishing the usability or value of these products.

In general, the standards cover the fresh or raw

agricultural products, such as wheat, and not products

such as flour into which the raw product may be

processed. Exceptions are the grade standards established for canned, frozen, and dried fruits and vegetables, butter, certain types of cheese, and a few other

processed products such as jams and peanut butter.

Grade standards are developed or revised on request

or as needed, in accordance with changes in production, processing, or marketing practices and the public

is invited to comment on proposed standards or revisions. Use of the grade standards, for the most part,

is voluntary.

Grading, inspection, or classing services, to certify

the quality of products according to the U.S. grade

standards, are provided by USDA to producers, packers, wholesalers or others, on request, and usually for a fee to cover the cost of the service. Under the SmithDoxey Act, classing of cotton by grade is provided free

to producers who request it. Under the U.S. Grain

Standards Act, grain exported by grade must be offi- cially inspected and a fee is charged for this inspection.

The Tobacco Inspection Act provides for free and

mandatory inspection of tobacco based on official grades, after a referendum in which two-thirds of the

growers supplying an auction market vote approval.

Tobacco may also be inspected on a voluntary, fee-forservice basis.

There are current U.S. grade standards for 389 food

and farm products, listed in Agriculture Handbook No.

341, USDA Standards for Food and Farm Products,

April 1973. A standardization committee, made up of

standardization specialists from each of the commodity divisions meets quarterly to discuss common problems and methods of handling new projects. One

current project involves incorporating more accurate

statistical sampling methods into the standards.

Use of the standards is promoted through individual

and group meetings with members of the various agricultural industries, marketing and food procurement

agencies, consumer and educational groups, and

through publications and other news media.

Packers and Stockyards Administration,

Scales and Weighing Branch,

U.S. Department of Agriculture

The Packers and Stockyards Administration has

jurisdiction over livestock scales, monorail scales, and

live poultry scales in commerce. Such scales are gen177
erally located at public stockyards, meat packing

plants, or poultry processing plants subject to the provisions of the Packers and Stockyards Act, 1921, as amended and are required by regulation to be tested

at least semiannually according to prescribed procedures. Codes of specifications, tolerances, other technical requirements, and testing procedures for such

scales have been formally adopted through publication

in the Federal Register (9 CFR 201.71), et seq. These

codes correspond with minor exceptions to National

Bureau of Standards Handbook 44, Fourth Edition,

Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical

Requirements for Commercial Weighing and Measuring Devices, as adopted by the National Conference on Weights and Measures. When necessary, due to action by the National Conference, these codes are amended or new codes promulgated to promote uniformity of interpretation and enforcement.

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS),

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service was

established to implement several Acts that include the

following areas of standards: Import-Export of Animals and Animal Products, Animal Welfare, Veterinary Biologies, and Meat and Poultry Inspection. Each

of the following is the responsible regulatory group for

the aforementioned.

Import-Export Staff, Veterinary Services, APHIS-USDA,

820-A, Federal Center Building,

Hyattsville, Maryland 20782

Legislative authority: (1) 21 USC 113, May 21,

1884, an act to prevent the exportation of diseased

cattle. (2) 21 USC 101-07, August 30, 1890, an act to suspend importation of livestock for a limited time

when necessary to protect animals in the U. S. from

contagious diseases and to set up quarantine of

imported animals when necessary; also to provide for

inspection of animals imported and those intended for

export. (3) 46 USC 466a, March 3, 1891, an act specifying that all vessels transporting animals to for- eign countries provide humane accommodations with

specific reference to space, ventilation, pens, food and

water supplies. (4) 21 USC 112, 113, 120, 121 February 2, 1903, an act authorizing regulation of exportation and transportation of livestock from any place in

the U.S. where communicable livestock diseases exist

to any other part of the U.S. or to foreign countries;

and to take proper measures to prevent the introduction into the U.S. of communicable diseases of

animals.

Regulatory reference: 9 CFR, I-D, Parts 91-97,

Exportation and Importation of Animals (Including

Poultry) and Animal Products.

Effective date: Original authority for these standards was effective in 1884. Since that time, additional stat- utes, regulations, and standards have been developed

as deemed necessary by the Congress and by the

Department.

Scope of Program: The staff establishes standards

for pretesting animals for export and provides inspection of the animals at specific ocean, air, and border

ports. Standards are established for resting export animals in proper facilities before loading and for proper

accommodations on transport vessels. Import standards are set for inspection and quarantine of animals

and poultry to be brought into the U.S. and for permits to accompany animals and animal semen

imported from specified countries. The staff provides

inspection of aircraft and other conveyances for import

animals. They establish standards for unloading, cleaning, and disinfecting conveyances and containers for

import animals; and they maintain sanitary control of

animal by-products, hay and straw. Enforcement of standards: Export standards are enforced at specified ports of export. Import standards

are enforced at U.S. Import Centers at Clifton, New

Jersey, Miami, Florida, and Honolulu, Hawaii.

Specific standards requirements for the export and

import of animals and animal products are available

upon request from the Import-Export Staff. Certification activities: Animals intended for export

to a foreign country must be accompanied by a certifi- cate of health issued by an accredited veterinarian

certifying that the animals have been inspected and

tested according to established standards. Animals

offered for importation must be accompanied by a

certificate, issued by a veterinary officer of the country

of origin, specifying that the animals meet established

standards. Special certification requirements apply to dogs for handling livestock, animals and animal semen

from Canada, Mexico, Central America and the West

Indies.

Animal Care Staff, Veterinary Services, APHIS-USDA,

701-A, Federal Center Building,

Hyattsville, Maryland 20782.

Legislative Authority: Public Law 89-544 amended

by P.L. 91-579, 7 USC 2131 et seq., the Animal Welfare Act of 1970.

Regulatory reference: 9 CFR, I-A Parts 1, 2, and 3,

Animals and Animal Products; Animal and Plant

Health Inspection Service, USDA; Animal Welfare.

Effective dates: Under P.L. 89-544, regulations and

standards became effective February 24, 1967. Under

P.L. 91-579, additional regulations and standards

became effective December 24, 1971.

Scope of program: Regulations and standards under

the Animal Welfare Act regulate licensed animal dealers, licensed or registered animal exhibitors, and registered research institutions. Animals covered by

regulations and standards are: dogs, cats, nonhuman

primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and other

warmblooded animals that have been designated by

the Secretary of Agriculture. Currently excepted from

regulations and standards are: birds, horses, ponies,

farm animals, rats and mice, fish and aquatic animals,

and all other coldblooded animals. Responsibility as established by the Act is "To regulate the transportation, purchase, sale, housing, care, handling and treat- ment of such animals by persons or organizations

engaged in using them for research or experimental

178
purposes or for exhibition purposes or holding them

for sale as pets or in transporting, buying, or selling

them for any such purpose of use." Separate divisions or subparts of the standards have

been established for the following groups of animals:

(a) dogs and cats; (b) guinea pigs and hamsters; (c)

rabbits; (d) nonhuman primates; and (e) other warmblooded animals designated by the Secretary of Agriculture. Each subpart of the standard covers facilities,

general; facilities, indoor; facilities, outdoor; primary

enclosures; feeding; watering; sanitation; employees;

separation of specific types of animals; veterinary care; handling; vehicles and primary enclosures used to transport animals; food and water requirements in

transit ; care in transit.

Enforcement: The Act, regulations, and standards

are enforced by a field force of veterinarians covering

the entire United States, divided into 5 regions and 18

area offices, coordinated by the Animal Welfare Staff

as listed in Item 2. Certification activities: The Animal Welfare Act

directs the Department of Agriculture to establish

minimum standards for all regulated animals covering

the specified aspects of humane handling, care, treat- ment, and transportation. The Act specifies that: "In

promulgating and enforcing standards ... the Secretary

is authorized and directed to consult experts, including

outside consultants where indicated." The Act also

specifies that: "The Secretary shall consult and cooperate with other Federal . . . instrumentalities concerned

with the welfare of animals used for research, experimentation or exhibition when establishing standards ..."

These directives on establishing minimum standards

are carried out by convening separate work confer- ences with representatives of the scientific community,

animal welfare groups, animal dealers, animal exhibitors, and Government officials.

Biologies Staff, Veterinary Services, APHIS-USDA,

828-A, Federal Center Building,

Hyattsville, Maryland 20782.

Legislative authority: 37 Stat. 832-833, 21 USC 151-

158, the Virus-Serum-Toxin Act, passed by the

Congress March 4, 1913.

Regulatory reference: 9 CFR, I-E, Parts 101-117, 122

and 123, Animals and Animal Products; Animal and

Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA, and Viruses,

Serums, Toxins, and Analogous Products; Organisms

and Vectors.

Effective date: The Act was effective July 1, 1913;

individual standards have been issued and revised continually since that time.

Scope of program : Regulations and standards under

the Act regulate licensed manufacturers engaged in

interstate sale of veterinary biologies and inspectors

who bring such products into the United States under

permit. The purpose of the activity is to make sure

biological products used in the diagnosis, prevention,

and treatment of animal diseases meet Department

standards for purity, safety, potency, and efficacy. Currently, 41 licensees and 2 importers sell approximately

10 billion doses annually—mostly vaccines used by

veterinarians and livestock and poultry producers to immunize against diseases.

Currently about 70 standard requirements are in

effect for producing and testing 208 generic products

licensed for production under the Act. A complete list of standards is available from the Biologies Staff. There are six new standard requirements under consideration at this time. Information about these proposals may also be obtained by writing to the Biologics Staff. Enforcement of standards: The Act, regulations,

and standards are enforced by a field force of veterinarians covering the entire United States, divided into

5 regions and 18 area officers. Enforcement is coordinated by Veterinary Services headquarters. Inspectors

visit plants to see that production standards are fol- lowed and selective check tests are conducted on

biologies at the APHIS laboratory, Ames, Iowa.

Certification activities: The Virus-Serum-Toxin Act

directs the Department of Agriculture to license manufacturers and to set regulations affecting the manufacture of any virus, serum, toxin, or analogous product

intended for use in the treatment of domestic animals

to ensure that the materials are not worthless, contaminated, dangerous, or harmful. The Department maintains laboratories at Ames, Iowa, to evaluate current

methods of testing the qualities of these materials and

to develop new test methods. Since relatively few manufacturers are involved, they can be consulted individually to plan and review changes in standards.

Meat and Poultry Inspection Staff, APHIS,

316-E, Administration Building,

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250

Legislative authority: (1) 21 USC 71-96, March 4,

1907, The Meat Inspection Act, as amended in 1967, to authorize the examination of animals, meat, meat-food

products, used in interstate or foreign commerce, and

inspection of slaughter and packing establishments.

(2) 21 USC 451-469, August 28, 1957, The Poultry

Products Inspection Act, as amended in 1968, to provide for the compulsory inspection of poultry and

poultry products for wholesomeness at processing

plants.

Regulatory reference: 9 CFR, III-A and C, Parts

301-335, and 381, Mandatory Meat Inspection and

Mandatory Poultry Products Inspection.

Effective date: The two statutes providing legislative

authority were effective in 1907 and 1957, respectively.

Individual standards and regulations have been issued

continually since that time.

Scope of program: Standards have been developed

to cover the ingredients, methods of processing, and

labeling of meat and poultry food products; the materials and design of plant facilities and equipment;

sanitary practices; the disposition of diseased animals;

and inspection methods.

Committees: Standards are developed by appropriate staffs within the program in consukation with the

National Meat and Poultry Inspection Advisory Committee, meeting quarterly in Washington, D.C.

179
Current standards are contained in the appropriate

sections of the Code of Federal Regulations.

Enforcement: Standards are enforced by APHIS

inspectors in some 6,000 plants in the U.S. and in

1,059 certified plants in foreign countries.

ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION,^

Washington, D.C. 20545

Two organizations within the AEC have major

responsibilities in the administration of standardization activities. These organizations are the Directorate

of Regulatory Standards and the Division of Reactor

Research and Development.

The Directorate of Regulatory Standards develops

and issues guides, regulations, criteria and codes for:

the design, siting, construction and operation of nuclear

facilities ; the production, transportation, protection and

disposition of nuclear materials and by-products; and

health and environmentally-related aspects of the

above activities.

The Directorate coordinates its activity with its sis- ter organizations under the Director of Regulation to develop standards which will ensure timely licensing of

nuclear facilities as well as their safe operation. In

promulgating its standards, the Directorate also works

closely with the American National Standards Institute

(ANSI), the Institute of Electrical and Electronic

Engineers (IEEE), the American Society for Testing

and Materials (ASTM), the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and other standards

groups.

At its present rate of production, the Directorate

issues almost 150 standards per year. These may be

found in: 10 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)

Parts 20, 21, 30, 31, 32, 40, 50, 55, 70, 71, 73 and

100; 14 CFR Part 103; 46 CFR Part 146; and 49 CFR

Parts 170-179 and 397.

The Division of Reactor Research and Development

formerly Reactor Development and Technology

(RDT), through its contractor organizations, develops

and publishes RDT Standards for application to priority AEC reactor development programs. These standards are made available to the nuclear industry and

can be used as a basis for developing industry-wide

standards for commercial nuclear applications.

The RDT standards office at the Oak Ridge

National Laboratory (ORNL) publishes a bimonthly

Index of RDT Standards. The index and copies of

standards are available from ORNL.

Standards include requirements for material, process,

component, instrumentation and quality assurance for

application to liquid metal fast breeder reactors and

light water reactors. Published standards number 279

and over 200 are in preparation.

^ The Atomic Energy Commission iias been reorganized anil its functions divided into two new groups: the U.S. Energy and Research Development

Administration, and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF,

Washington, D.C. 20230

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Science and

Technology, Office of Product Standards,

Maritime Administration,

National Bureau of Standards,

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,

Office of Telecommunications

Office of Product Standards,

Office of the Assistant Secretary for Science

and Technologry,

U.S. Department of Commerce

The Office of Product Standards (OPS) was established by directive of the Assistant Secretary for Sci- ence and Technology on May 24, 1967, under the

name of Office of Standards Review (subsequently, it became the Office of Standards Policy), as a constitu- ent operating unit of the Department of Commerce.

OPS exists to strengthen the ability of the Department to contribute to the solution of national policy

issues concerning the types of industrial or consumer

product standards to be established; the responsibilities of the various agencies of the Federal Government

in developing or aiding in the development of standards; the forms of participation in standards-setting

activities by Government, industry, the scientific community, and the general public; the means of participation by the United States in international standards

activities; the legal, economic, and other aspects of

assuring adherence to or compliance with standards;

and other problems relating to the development and

use of standards.

OPS provides staff assistance to the Assistant Secretary for Science and Technology in the formulation of

policies dealing with standards activities, and the

coordination of Commerce standards programs and

policies with those of other Federal departments and

agencies, trade and professional associations, and individuals. This includes participation by the U.S. Government in the activities of international organizations or conferences concerned with the formulation or adoption of international standards and cooperation with

the Executive Office of the President and with other

Federal agencies to assure that their interests, and the

interests of groups for which they are responsible, are given proper consideration.

Office of Ship Construction,

Division of Ship Design,

Maritime Administration,

U.S. Department of Commerce,

Washington, D.C. 20235

The Standard Specifications for Merchant Ship Construction have been prepared by the technical staff,

naval architects and marine engineers, of the Office of

Ship Construction in the Maritime Administration for

the purpose of providing guidance to the maritime

industry in the preparation of detail ship specifications

180
for constructing ships. Various segments of the industry, such as ship owners, shipbuilders, design agents

and manufacturers of major machinery and equipment

have over the years reviewed these specifications and

the present document reflects their input. The specifications are complete in all aspects of required contract

work and accomplish the following pertinent objectives: establish levels of quality as a bench mark for

Construction Differential Subsidy; identify current

requirements of regulatory bodies; reflect latest technological developments ; indicate measures of standardization to encourage mass production techniques; and

include standard text to reflect legal aspects of contract

work.

The development of guidance specifications for ship

construction was first authorized on May 20, 1960 by

the Federal Maritime Board. The first two formal

editions were issued in November 1965 and March

1968 under the title Standard Specification for Cargo

Ship Construction which applied mainly to general

cargo ships. The latest edition entitled Standard Specifications for Merchant Ship Construction was issued

December 1972 with broadened applicability to include

other types of merchant ships such as container.

Lighter Aboard Ship (Barge Carrying Ship) (LASH),

Ore-Bulk-Oil (Supertanker) (OBO) and tanker vessels. It is intended to further update these standard

specifications periodically to reflect continuing technological developments and pertinent results of

research and development investigations. Future editions may also include applicable text for LNG, tugbarge combinations and other specialized designs as well as other forms of propulsion machinery (diesel,

gas-turbine, nuclear, etc.) in addition to the steam

turbine already in the current text. Distribution of the standard specifications is handled by the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield,

Virginia, 22151 (refer to Publication No. COM-72-

11469). Publicity concerning the availability of future

editions will be provided through announcements by

the National Technical Information Service, notices

from the MarAd Office of Public Affairs, publications

in the Federal Register and news releases to technical

magazines.

National Bureau of Standards,

U.S. Department of Commerce,

Washington, D.C. 20234

Institute for Applied Technology,

Standards Development Services Section,

Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory,

Standards Information Services

Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology,

Office of ADP Standards Management

Office of Engineering Standards Services,

Institute for Applied Technology,

National Bureau of Standards

The Standards Development Services Section assists producers, distributors, users and consumers,

and agencies of the Federal, state, and local governments in the establishment of standards for products;

and administers the Department of Commerce's vol- untary product standards program as is set forth in

Part 10 of Title 15, Code of Federal Regulations,

Procedures for the Development of Voluntary Product

Standards.

The Department's voluntary product standards program supplements the activities of the private

standardizing bodies by providing a mechanism for

the development and publication of voluntary standards that are needed but are not being effectively

developed by the private bodies. Standards published

by this activity were previously called Simplified

Practice Recommendations (SPR) and Commercial

Standards (CS). As of December 1965, all publications including revisions of SPR's and CS's are called

Voluntary Product Standards (VPS). Subsequent to the publication of a VPS it is submitted to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for listing as an American National Standard.

There is no governmental regulation or control

involved in the adoption and use of a Voluntary

Product Standard. The documents are offered for

sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S.

Government Printing Office, Washington D.C. A price

list of the current standards and other information

concerning this activity can be obtained by writing to the Standards Development Services Section.

Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory,

Institute for Applied Technology,

National Bureau of Standards

The Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory

(LESL) was established at the National Bureau of

Standards (NBS) in January 1971 by an interagency

agreement with the National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (NILECJ), Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA), U. S. Department of Justice, in accordance with Title 1, Section 402(b) of the Omnibus Crime Control and

Safe Streets Act of 1968, P.L. 90-351.

In accordance with priorities established by

NILECJ, LESL (1) conducts state-of-the-art surveys;

(2) performs laboratory testing and evaluation of

commercially available equipment; (3) develops test methods; and (4) develops several series of documents including national voluntary equipment standards, user guidelines, and miscellaneous reports.

The standards developed by LESL are performance

oriented insofar as possible. They are not consensus

standards, but are subjected to extensive technical

and editorial review within NBS as well as by other

Government agencies, manufacturers, users and independent experts. The standards are given a final

review by NILECJ and are then promulgated by

them. They are widely distributed to law enforcement

agencies and made available to others through the

National Technical Information Service of the Department of Commerce and the National Criminal Justice

Reference Service of LEAA.

181
As of this date, standards have been developed for:

(1) the Ballistic Resistance of Police Body Armor ; (2)

Hearing Protectors for Use on Firing Ranges; (3)

Magnetic Switches for Burglar Alarm Systems; (4)

Mechanically Actuated Switches for Burglar Alarm

Systems; (5) Walk-Through Metal Detectors for Use

in Weapon Detection; and (6) Mobile Antennas. Many

additional standards are under development in the areas of protective equipment, communications equipment, security systems, weapons, emergency equipment, investigative aids, vehicles and clothing.

While the great bulk of LESL's effort is in behalf of

LEAA, some work is also done to develop standards

for other Government agencies. A standard for Evidential Breath Alcohol Testers has been developed for

the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

(NHTSA) and a small continuing program has been

established to develop additional standards and perform related tasks of interest to the Research Institute

and to the Office of Alcohol Countermeasures of

NHTSA.

Standards Information Services,

Institute for Applied Technology,

National Bureau of Standards

The Standards Information Services Section of the

National Bureau of Standards (NBS-SIS) maintains

the largest reference collection of engineering and

related standards, specifications, test methods, codes

and recommended practices in the United States. Established in 1965 as the Standards Communication

Center, NBS-SIS has expanded its original holdings of

several thousand standards to an extensive reference

collection of over 200,000 standards issued by U.S.

trade, professional and technical associations, Federal

and state governmental organizations, foreign national,

and international and regional standardizing bodies.

Referral Services—NBS-SIS serves primarily as a

referral activity by identifying sources of standards,

and directing inquirers to the respective standardsissuing organizations to obtain copies of standards. By

means of computer-produced Key-Word-In-Context

(KWIC) Indexes, NBS-SIS answers more than 4,000

inquiries each year.

The Standards Collection—The NBS-SIS reference

collection, located in Room B151, Building 225 at the

NBS site in Gaithersburg, Maryland about 25 miles

northwest of Washington, D. C, is open to the public

Monday through Friday from 8:30 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Of the 200,000 standards now housed in this collec- tion, over 23,000 are industry and national standards

issued by more than 400 U.S. technical societies, professional organizations and trade associations; 6,000

standards of 35 state purchasing offices: 8,500 standards and specifications of Federal civilian agencies;

163,000 foreign national standards of some 57 countries; and 3,000 standards of international and

regional standardization groups. The resources of the

collection also include over 100 technical reference

books, directories, encyclopedias, guides and manuals;

over 125 periodicals and newsletters; and many

articles, reports, pamphlets, and handbooks on standardization.

Publications—NBS-SIS compiles computer-produced indexes designed to assist all who are

interested in information on standards. Among these

Indexes are National Bureau of Standards Special

Publication 329, An Index of U.S. Voluntary Engineering Standards issued in March 1971 listing titles of

standards published through 1969, and Supplement

No. 1, issued in December 1972, listing titles issued in

1970 and 1971. These two indexes together list the

titles of more than 23,000 standards issued by over 380 U.S. private organizations. Supplement No. 2 is in preparation and, when published in mid-1974, will cover the years 1972-1973. NBS Special Publication

352, World Index of Plastics Standards appeared in

December 1971. Technical Note 762, Tabulation of

Voluntary Standards and Certification Programs for

Consumer Products was issued in March 1973. NBS

Special Publication 375, An Index of State Specifications and Standards appeared in September 1973 while

NBS Special Publication 390, An Index of Inter- national Standards appeared in March 1974. Compilation has already begun on an index of foreign Englishlanguage standards. All of these publications are

available from the Superintendent of Documents,

Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20406.

Form of Requests—Requests for information may

be made by personal visit, telephone (Area code 301:

921-2587), or a letter addressed to: Standards Information Services, Building 225, Room B-162, National

Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. 20234.

Since NBS-SIS conducts its search by using key

word indexes, all requests should be as specific as

possible, and include all words and terms necessary

to identify a standard, e.g. X-ray machines rather

than medical electronic equipment.

A brochure describing the office and services, and

lists of the organizations whose standards are represented in the collection, are available upon request

to NBS-SIS.

Office of ADP Standards Management,

Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology,

National Bureau of Standards

The Office of ADP Standards Management provides

overall policy guidance, long range planning and

detail management of the data processing standards

mission of the National Bureau of Standards. This mission is carried out in accordance with the legislative

authorities of Public Law 89-306, dated October 30,

1965 and Executive Order 11717, dated May 9, 1973.

The Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology (formerly the Center for Computer Sciences and

Technology) was organized in November 1965.

The primary mission of the Institute is to provide

agencies and the Administrator of General Services

with scientific and technological advisory services

relating to automatic data processing (ADP) and

related systems, and to make appropriate recommendations to the Secretary of Commerce, who on behalf

182
of the President, establishes uniform Federal automatic data processing standards.

The Office of ADP Standards Management also

monitors Federal participation on related voluntary

industry standards organizations. Management direction is provided so that government participants are cognizant of overall government objectives and are

therefore able to adequately represent government

requirements in the development of voluntary standards.

Adherence to standards adopted as Federal ADP

standards is through validation testing against fixed

criteria. Tests are developed in accordance with the

specifications of the standards and products are measured against these specifications.

Federal ADP standards are promulgated by NBS as Federal Information Processing Standards Publications (FIPS PUBS). FIPS PUBS are available by

subject title from the Government Printing Office for

a nominal charge. There are 28 FIPS PUBS of which

21 are mandatory standards, two are guidelines and

four provide general information concerning the

FIPS program. The List of Publications in the Federal

Information Processing Standards Series (LP-58)

provides a complete index and abstract of the cur- rent standards. The activities and committees in

which the FIPS program is involved are described

in FIPS PUB 12-1, FIPS Index.

The principal method used in implementing the

FIPS is through the issuance of Federal Property

Management Regulations by the General Services

Administration. These regulations make the FIPS

applicable to the procurement of ADP products and

services.

Marine Environmental Metrology,

National Oceanographic Instrumentation Center,

National Ocean Survey,

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,

U.S. Department of Commerce,

Rockville, Maryland 20852

The Marine Environmental Metrology program at the National Oceanographic Instrumentation Center

(NOIC) is active in providing specialized operational

standards and techniques required to assure that

marine instruments give meaningful and quality data,

traceable to recognized defining standards at the

national and international levels. The program maintains a liaison with the National Bureau of Standards

and other nationally known measurement experts and

funds for their services when expertise is required in

relationship to a primary level of measurement.

A large portion of the standards development is generated from the products of it's calibration and

testing services to the scientific community. It involves the creation of calibration procedures, meas- urement techniques, and test methods as well as the

in-house or contractural development of laboratory

and field physical transfer standards. The program

has developed 19 calibration procedures for oceanographic and marine meteorlogical instruments, available through NOIC's Documentation Group, that are

being used and evaluated for eventual voluntary

acceptance by the scientific, academic, and industrial

community.

The program conducts an interlaboratory calibration effort with various activities involved in marine

instrumentation, their development, testing, and cali- bration. It continuously evaluates the measurement

performances of the participating laboratories and

provides methods for reducing data variances. Also,

it offers a mechanism to exchange measurement

ideas, evaluate and promote acceptances of calibration

procedures, techniques, and equipment and provide

standard test specifications for inclusion to any

marine instrument purchases.

Office of Telecommunications,

U.S. Department of Commerce,

1325 G Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20005

The Office of Telecommunications as authorized by

Section 2(12) and (13), 15 U.S.C. (12) and (13)

and by procedures of 15 C.F.R. (200) as applicable is active in standardization related to telecommunications. Operating under the authority of the National

Bureau of Standards, units of the Office have been

engaged in standardization for transmission of

radio waves since about 1911. The Office of Telecommunications was established as a primary operating

unit in 1970.

The principal activities of the Office are investigating conditions affecting the transmission of radio waves and compiling and distributing information

regarding the transmission of radio waves. Standards

are established by: cooperation with other governmental agencies and with private organizations; by

invention and development of devices and testing

methods to serve the needs of Government agencies,

scientific institutions and industrial enterprises; and

by providing scientific and technical advisory services

to Government agencies.

The Office chairs the Standards Working Group of

the Technical Subcommittee of the Interdepartment

Radio Advisory Committee which provides standards

required for managing government use of radio fre- quencies. The Office serves on the Federal Telecommunication Standards Committee of the National Communication System to develop telecommunication

standards for the interoperability of government data

communication systems and for computer-communication interfaces. The Office also works with other

Federal agencies in the development of standards and

standards policy for other areas of voice, data, and

radio wave transmission and has under consideration

projects for broadband (video, data, facsimile, and

voice) networks.

CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY

COMMISSION,

Washington, D.C. 20207

The Consumer Product Safety Commission, an

independent Federal regulatory agency, was officially

183
activated on May 14, 1973, to implement the Con- sumer Product Safety Act., PL 92-573. The Commission's primary goal is to substantially reduce injuries

associated with consumer products. The Act granted

broad authority to issue and enforce safety standards

for more than 10,000 consumer products. The administration of four acts previously handled by other

agencies was transferred to the Commission; they

include the Flammable Fabrics Act, the Federal

Hazardous Substances Act, the Poison Prevention

Packaging Act, and the Refrigerator Door Safety Act. Under the requirements of the Consumer Product

Safety Act, the Commission may adopt standards

issued by qualified agencies or organizations, or issue

standards independently. The Commission may ban

hazardous substances presenting an unreasonable risk

of injury. The development of standards by other

agencies is encouraged and the Consumer Product

Safety Commission participates in the development of

international product safety standards. The Office of

Standards Coordination and Appraisal serves as the

focal point for standards development within the

Consumer Product Safety Commission; the Bureau

of Compliance is responsible for standards enforcement.

Product certification is specifically mentioned by

the Act. Manufacturers or private labelers must issue

certificates stating that their product meets a specified standard. The Commission may prescribe test- ing and labeling.

To date (August 1, 1973), the Commission has

issued an amended Standard for the Flammability of

Mattresses. Some proposed regulations currently

under consideration include bicycles and baby cribs.

Proposed and final standards issued by the Commission are published in the Federal Register upon

approval. Final regulations will be published in Title

16, Chapter 2 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The

Office of Standards Coordination and Appraisal may

be contacted for a complete list of standards issued

by the Consumer Product Safety Commission.

DEFENSE, DEPARTMENT OF,

Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense

for Installations and Logistics,

Pentagon,

Washington, D.C. 20301

The Defense Standardization Program under the

aegis of the Office of the Secretary of Defense is managed by the Defense Materiel Specifications and

Standards Board.

The Defense Standardization Program was established in 1953 under the authority of Title 10, U.S.

Code, Sections 2451-2456. The statute has been

implemented by DoD Directive 4120.3 and the asso- ciated DoD Standardization Manual 4120.3-M providing policies, procedures and instructions for direct use by the military departments and DoD agencies. The

current program is a continuation of work started in

1916-1921 through the cooperative efforts of the War

and Navy Departments via the Army-Navy Aeronautical Standards Board.

The Defense Materiel Specifications and Standards

Board was established under the provisions of the

revised DoD Directive 4120.3, dated 6 June 1973.

The Standards Board is comprised of flag rank personnel, one engineering and one logistic member from

the Office of the Secretary of Defense and corre- sponding members from each of the military departments. In addition, the Defense Supply Agency

provides one logistic member. The chairman of the

nine member Standards Board is appointed by the

Assistant Secretary for Installations and Logistics with

the concurrence of the Director, Defense Research

and Engineering.

The Defense Standardization Program spans the

range of materials, parts and equipments as well as the engineering practices and processes used in the

development, test and evaluation, production and

logistic support of the material used by the military

services. The intent of the program is to control the

proliferation of items and practices through the

development and use of specifications, engineering

standards, handbooks and engineering drawings;

thereby achieving greater economy and effectiveness

of resources through better reliability and maintainability and lower costs over the entire life cycle.

The Standards Board will be augmented by panels

of experts from the military departments and DoD

agencies to provide expertise necessary to cope with

the engineering, scientific and industry related problems. The panels will have cognizance over the

studies, plans and implementation of efforts devoted

to the areas under the scope of their respective

charters. In addition to the 25,000 active military series

specifications and more than 10,000 military standards listed in the Department of Defense Index of

Specifications and Standards which is available from

the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, there are additional quantities of documents which have been retired from active use but

are still available (at a fee) through our archival

service. Current military specifications and standards

are furnished without charge. The entire DoD Standardization Program represents the integration of

actions accomplished by the commodity structure of

the DoD components. The Standardization Directory,

SD-1, which is available from the Naval Publications

and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue, Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania 19120, lists the addresses and scopes of

interest of the 68 offices in the Department of

Defense to which various standards functions have

been assigned.

It is DoD policy to cooperate with the standards

organizations operating in the other Government

departments and agencies as well as those in the

private sector. There are procedures in the Defense

Standardization Manual for adopting industry standards so as to avoid the preparation of duplicative or overlapping military documents. The DoD Index of

184
Specifications and Standards lists those industry documents which have been adopted.

The Department of Defense has the largest and

most comprehensive standardization program in the

world—governmental or nongovernmental. The specifications and standards developed by the program

are widely used in both domestic and international

standards. In fact, many of its specifications and

standards constitute the standard to which industry

builds for commercial purposes. The procedures of

the program have been widely copied by individual

industrial firms and industry standardizing organizations as the basis for their own standardization

programs.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY,

401 M Street SW.,

Washington, D.C. 20460

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was

created to permit coordinated and effective governmental action to assure protection of the environment

by the systematic abatement and control of pollution

through proper integration of a variety of research,

monitoring, standards-setting, and enforcement activities. Legislative authority for establishing standards is found in the Clean Air Act, as amended; the Federal

Water Pollution Control Act, as amended; the Refuse

Act; the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, as amended; and the Federal Food, Drug,

and Cosmetic Act, as amended. Title 40 CFR provides

the procedures for implementing this legislative

authority.

EPA's Offices of Air and Water Programs and

Hazardous Materials Control exercise primary responsibility for developing air and water quality standards,

criteria of solid waste standards, noise emission, and

radiation protection standards. Before an environmental standard is finalized, however, the heads of

state and local governments are consulted through

the Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations and public comment is solicited. In most cases, once a standard is set, states and other jurisdictions are required to submit by a certain date implementation plans for meeting these standards or face the

alternative of having EPA write and impose its own

plan. Both the standards and resulting implementation plans are published by EPA in the Federal

Register.

FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION,

Office of Chief Engineer,

1919 M Street,

Washington, D.C. 20554

The Federal Communications Commission was

created under the Communications Act of 1934

(47 use 151) to regulate interstate and foreign

commerce in communications by wire and radio in

the public interest. The Commission's jurisdiction

extends to all interstate and foreign communications

by wire and radio and all interstate and foreign

transmission of energy by radio which originates

and/or is received within the United States. (47

use 152(a)). "Transmission of energy by radio"

or "radio transmission of energy" includes both such

transmission and all instrumentalities, facilities and

services incidental to such transmission. 47 U S C

153(d)).

Under the authority of the Communications Act,

the Commission has enacted mandatory rules and

regulations in the public interest. Among those rules

and regulations are technical performance standards

for certain radio equipment and operations. In addition to these mandatory technical standards, the

radio communications industry also works diligently

to adopt voluntary technical standards.

The industry group, known as the Electronic Industries Association (EIA), sponsors the work of many

technical committees. The standards adopted by ElA

are generally recognized by consensus; and manufacturers of radio transmitting equipment generally

comply with the standards. Often these voluntary

standards, after appropriate procedures, form the

basis for mandatory rules adopted by the Federal

Communications Commission.

The technical committees of EIA maintain close

liaison with the Office of the Chief Engineer of the

Federal Communications Commission. Technical per- sonnel of the Commission are often invited to serve on various groups within the industry organization.

The Federal Communications Commission has

encouraged this kind of industry-government cooperation so that voluntary standards adopted by the industry will harmonize with Commission rules and

policies.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

is a domestic association comprised of EIA and

similar associations for other industries. ANSI repre- sents United States industries in the International

Electrotechnical Commission (lEC). ANSI and its foreign industry counterparts meet and negotiate

within the lEC on international voluntary standards.

The standards proposed by ANSI in these negotiations are those recommended by one or more of its member organizations. Any agreements reached

within the lEC are private and do not have treaty

status, even though some of ANSI's foreign counterparts may be government controlled. From the international standpoint, thus, these industry standards are

still voluntary even though a nation may make them

mandatory within its own jurisdiction.

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION,

Federal Supply Service,

Office of Standards and Quality Control,

18th and F Streets,

Washington, D.C. 20406

The General Services Administration which was

created by the Federal Property and Administrative

Services Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 377) as amended, provides for the Government an economical and efficient

185
system for the management of its property and

records.

The GSA Standardization Program covers: (a)

development and maintenance of Federal specifications and standards; (b) standardization of commodities procured by the Government; (c) coordination of

governmental standardization activities; and (d)

development and maintenance of the Federal Catalog

System. The assigned agency plan is used in the

development of Federal specifications and standards.

The Federal Standardization Handbook (41 CFR

101-29) guides agency participation in the program.

There are now over 6,000 Federal specifications and

standards and approximately 100 associated Qualified

Products Lists which support those Federal specifications requiring qualification testing prior to procurement. These documents, which are mandatory for use by all Federal agencies, are listed in the Index of

Federal Specifications and Standards (41 CFR 101-

29.1).

Working in close consonance is the GSA Quality

Assurance Program which handles the inspection

and testing of supplies procured under GSA contracts. Through the 10 regional Quality Control Divisions and

the six regional laboratories, this program provides assurance that material supplied is in compliance

with contract specifications, is obtained through

inspection at origin and destination, and through the

Quality Approved Manufacturer Program, which is a method of reduced Government inspection which

makes maximum use of the quality control systems

of suppliers who have excellent quality control and

past performance records. In addition, the regional

Quality Control Divisions are engaged in preaward

engineering evaluations of bidders' capabilities to comply with quality control and delivery terms of the

contract; assistance to contractors in establishing adequate quality control systems and planning and

scheduling production, as well as maintaining a con- tinuing liaison with them to insure that their quality

control systems remain effective; surveillance of

depot stocks to update shelf-life material and conduct

quality audits; and the investigation of complaints.

HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE,

DEPARTMENT OF

Food and Drug Administration,

Bureau of Foods,

Bureau of Drugs,

Bureau of Veterinary Medicine,

Bureau of Radiological Health,

Bureau of Biologies

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,

Office of Research and and Standards Development,

Testing and Certification Laboratory,

Associate Director for Washington Operations

Foofl and Drug Administration,

Department of Health, Education and Welfare,

RockviUe, Maryland 20852

Bureau of Foods

The standard setting activities of the Bureau of

Foods result in the promulgation of substantive regulations which have the force and effect of law. All

regulations issued are authorized by the Federal

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, Title 21 of the United

States Code (21 USC). In the developmental stages,

they are published in the Federal Register for comment, and when adopted, are codified in Title 21 of

the Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR)

Section 401 of the Act (21 USC 341) requires the

establishment of standards of identity, quality and

fill of container when such action will promote honesty and fair dealing in the interest of consumers. Any interested persons, or the Commissioner of Food

and Drugs, may propose a new standard or an amendment to an existing one. Proposals are published in the Federal Register and comments invited.

Based on comments received and other information,

the Commissioner publishes an order ruling on the

proposal. Persons adversely affected by the order have

30 days to object and request a hearing. Noncontested

orders become effective on a specific date which is not less than 30 days after the ruling is published.

Food standards now cover 20 different classes of

foods (21 CFR, Parts 10 through 53) and number

approximately 480. Most of these are standards of

identity which specify the basic composition of the

food. Fourteen standards prescribe minimum levels of

quality and 17 standards specify minimum fill of container for particular foods. The Division of Food

Technology in the Office of Technology, Bureau of

Foods, is the action unit for food standards activities.

Food Additives and GRAS Substances—Section 409

of the Act (21 USC 348) authorizes the issuance of

regulations prescribing the conditions under which a food additive may be safely used. The standardization

activity in regard to food additive regulations includes

research and development to accomplish scientific

evaluation of claims and data submitted by industry

in support of their petitions; the development, validation and application of those regulatory analytical

methods necessary to enforce compliance with regulations; and the accomplishment of periodic reviews

of previously approved food additives in terms of

current information. In addition, it includes all activities concerned with ensuring the safety of all substances previously classified generally recognized as

safe (GRAS, through review and evaluation of the

toxicological literature, manufacturers' use patterns,

consequent consumer risk patterns, and toxicological

testing. Approximately 265 food additive regulations

have been issued and codified in 21 CFR, Part 121.

Color Additives—Section 706 (21 USC 376) of the

Act authorizes the issuance of regulations prescribing

the conditions under which color additives (as defined

in Section 201(t) (1) of the Act (21 USC 321(t) (1) ) may be safely used. The standardization activities in

regard to color additives includes all scientific and

regulatory activities necessary to assure the safety of

color additives in human foods. Among these activities are the review and evaluation of petitions for

regulations covering new color additives, review of the

safety of previously approved color additives in light

of new toxicological knowledge and testing procedures,

186
review of all synthetic and natural color additives to assure their conformance to safety and purity requirements and to assure they are used only within specified limits. In addition, samples from each batch of

color manufactured must be submitted to FDA to determine compliance with specifications unless the

color is specifically exempted from certification. If specifications are met, a certificate is issued and the

color is said to be certified. The manufacturer pays

for the certification service. In FY 1973, 5,373,565

pounds of color additives were certified.

Color Additive regulations are codified at 21 CFR,

Parts 8 and 9. Since July 12, 1960, regulations

prescribing the specifications and conditions for safe

usage have been issued for 46 color additives. These

specifications are mandatory and must be met before

the color additive may be used in foods, drugs, or

cosmetics.

The Division of Food and Color Additives in the

Office of Compliance, Bureau of Foods, is the action

unit for food additive, color additive and GRAS review

activities.

Bureau of Drugs

The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act provides that all batches of insulin and antibiotics for human use are subject to certification by the Food and Drug Administration to insure that such drugs have the characteristics of strength, quality, and purity to adequately

insure safety and efficacy of use. Regulations appearing in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 (Parts

141 through 164) prescribe standards and tests and

methods of assay for insulin and antibiotic drugs.

In 1972, the Food and Drug Administration developed procedures for reviewing the safety and efficacy

of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. In order to accomplish this review of OTC drugs within a reasonable

period of time, the FDA is utilizing expert medical

advisory panels to evaluate existing medical data

regarding these drugs. OTC drug monographs (standards) will be developed by FDA as conclusions are reached for each therapeutic class. The first monograph of approximately 25 therapeutic categories is nearing completion and a number of categories are under review by the expert panelists. These monographs will appear in 21 CFR Part 130 (Subpart D).

In 1973, the FDA established procedures for developing standards for in vitro diagnostic products for use

in the collection, preparation, and examination of

specimens taken from the human body. These standards, some of which are currently under development,

will describe the performance requirements neces- sary to assure accuracy and reliability of results,

specific labeling requirements necessary for the

proper use of a particular class, and procedures for

testing the product to assure its satisfactory performance. General requirements for in vitro diagnostic

products appear in 21 CFR Part 167.

Bureau of Veterinary Medicine

The Bureau of Veterinary Medicine is charged with

responsibility under section 409(c) of the Food, Drug,

and Cosmetic Act with the preparation for publication

of regulations regarding the addition of food additives

to animal feed and/or pet foods prescribing their

specifications and safe conditions of use. Publication

of regulations is required by the Food Additive

Amendment of 1958. Regulations are established in

21 CFR Part 121, Subpart C and are based upon an

evaluation of data submitted in petitions filed by

interested persons.

The Bureau is also charged with the responsibility

for the preparing for publication of regulations by the

New Animal Drug Amendments of 1968 regarding

the specifications and safe and effective conditions for use of new animal drugs in dosage forms and in animal feeds under the provisions of Section 512 (i) of

the Act. Regulations are established in Title 21, Parts

135 and 135a through 135g. In addition, Section

512 (n) of the Act requires publication of certification

requirements and tests and methods of assay for new

animal drugs containing any kind of penicillin,

streptomycin, chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol or

bacitracin or any derivatives thereof. Certification

monographs are published in Subchapter C of Title

21. New animal drug and certification monographs

are based upon evaluation of new animal drug applications containing the necessary supporting data filed by interested persons.

Bureau of Radiological Health

The radiation responsibilities assigned to the FDA

include: (1) determination of permissible levels of

radioactivity in foods and drugs and the establishment

and promulgation of suitable regulations, (2) maintenance of a program of radiation monitoring of such

products, (3) performance of research and training on identification, evaluation, and decontamination of

radioactivity in foods and drugs, and (4) approval of

radioactive drugs used in diagnosis and treatment,

and related inspection and enforcement activities,

and (5) an electronic product radiation control program which includes the development and administration of performance standards to control the

emission of radiation from electronic products and

the undertaking by public and private organizations

of research and investigation into the effects and control of such radiation emissions.

This last program was inaugurated in 1969 under

the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of

1968 (P.L. 90-602 ; 42 U.S.C. 263(b) et seq.) and is administered by the Bureau of Radiological Health.

Standards issued under this authority are codified

as regulations in 21 CFR Part 278, Subpart C.

There are currently three standards in effect: for

television receivers (21 CFR 278.210), cold cathode

gas discharge tubes (21 CFR 278.211), and micro- wave ovens (21 CFR 78.212). A fourth standard for

diagnostic x-ray equipment (21 CFR 278.213)

becomes effective August 1, 1974.

Manufacturers of products or components for

which there are standards in effect are required to

certify that their products or components meet the

applicable standards. Use of the standards by industry

187
is mandatory; however, the Bureau promotes compliance by frequent conferences with the affected

industries. In addition, in June of 1969, a Technical

Electronic Product Radiation Safety Standards Committee was formed as required by the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968. The committee advises the HEW Secretary on all performance

standards proposed to be established for products that

may expose consumers to radiation hazards. This

committee has 15 members of which five each are

selected from industry. Government, and the general

public. Consultation with the committee prior to the

promulgation of any standard under the Act is mandatory.

Standards now in the process of development

include standards for: laser products, cabinet x-ray

systems, ultrasonic therapy, and microwave diathermy

systems.

Bureau of Biologies

The Bureau of Biologies administers the biological

control provisions of the Public Health Service Act

(42 use 262), as well as relevant portions of the

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 USC 301

et. seq.). Products subject to these provisions include

bacterial and viral vaccines, toxoids, antitoxins, blood

and blood derivatives and allergenic products, and

other similar products applicable to the prevention,

treatment or cure of diseases or injuries of man. The control of biological products is primarily

through a process of licensing each manufacturer for

each product upon a demonstration that the product

complies with the written standards for such product.

In addition to preparing standards specific for a particular product, general standards applicable to all products, as well as interpretative and precedural

standards are published in the Federal Register and

are incorporated into Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 273.

The Bureau also provides physical standard preparations to evaluate the safety and potency of the

products. The U.S. standard and reference preparations are developed and maintained by the Bureau for use in the performance of tests prescribed in regulations. Where international preparations exist, the

U.S. preparations are adjusted to have at least the

equivalent activity of the corresponding international

preparations. There is no authorization to provide

such preparations to other laboratories unless they

are to be used for work directly related to the control or development of biological products.

Office of Research and Standards Development,

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

5600 Fishers Lane,

Rockville, Maryland 20852

Under section 20(a) (3) of the Occupational Safety

and Health Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-596), the National

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

(NIOSH) develops criteria dealing with toxic substances which describe exposure levels that are safe

for various periods of employment, including but not

limited to exposure levels at which no employee will

suffer impaired health or functional capacities or diminished life expectancy as a result of his work

experience. Such criteria are to be developed to enable the Secretary of Labor to meet his responsibilities for promulgating standards under the Act and

are released by NIOSH in the form of a criteria

document. The criteria document also contains

recommendations, as appropriate, for medical control

and surveillance procedures; for personal protective

clothing and devices; for placarding and labeling occupationally hazardous work areas; and for educating

the worker in the hazards and the control of the

hazards. Criteria documents have been or will soon

be released for asbestos, beryllium, carbon monoxide,

hot environments, noise, ultraviolet radiation, organic

lead, inorganic mercury, coke oven emissions, benzene, tricholoroethylene, toluene, cadmium and its compounds, chromic acid, fibrous glass, silica glass,

tetraethyl lead, tetramethyl lead, sulfuric acid, sulfur

dioxide, arsenic and its compounds, parathion, cotton

dust, and arsine. The subjects of future ceriteria documents may be identified on the NIOSH Priority List

for Criteria Development for Toxic Substances and

Physical Agents.

Testing and Certification Laboratory,

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

944 Chestnut Ridge Road,

Morgantown, West Virginia 26505

The Testing and Certification Laboratory was established in 1972 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) under the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of

1970 (P.L. 91-596), to insure that devices used for

evaluation and control of occupational hazards meet

minimum standards required to protect the health

and safety of workers. The responsibilities of the

laboratory include: (1) development of performance

specifications for each device; (2) publication of

these specifications and certification procedures in the

Federal Register; (3) initial approval testing of such

devices; (4) surveys of sampling and equipment

manufacturers' establishments to insure continuous

operation of a satisfactory quality control program;

and (5) periodic testing of certified items procured on the open market. Specifications and certification

procedures for the following devices are contained in

the associated section of the Code of Federal Regulations: respiratory protective devices, 30 CFR, Part 11;

coal mine dust personal sampler units, 30 CFR,

Part 74; direct reading gas and vapor detector tube

systems, 42 CFR, Part 84; and personal protective

devices, 42 CFR, Part 83. Development of additional

approval regulations for other protective devices or

industrial hygiene instruments will be based on

research performed by NIOSH.

188
Associate Director for Washington Operations,

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

5600 Fishers Lane,

RockviUe, Maryland 20852

On the authority of section 101 of the Federal Coal

Mine Health and Safety Act of 1969 (P.L. 91-173),

the National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health establishes mandatory coal mine health standards for the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare with consideration for the advice of the Secretaries of Labor and Interior, the appropriate representatives of the coal mine operators and miners, and

other interested persons, organizations, and governments. These health standards are transmitted to the

Secretary of the Interior for publication in the Federal

Register as proposed amendments to Title 30, Code of

Federal Regulations. In 1971, standards were proposed for airborne respirable chest concentrations,

airborne contaminants, noise, surface bathing facilities, change rooms, sanitary toilet facilities, and

drinking water. Development and revision of standards are based upon research, demonstrations, experiments, and technical feasibility. Additional information may be obtained from an annual publication, the

Federal Coal Mine Health Program.

Housing and Urban Development,

Department of

Housing Production and Mortgage Credit Office,

Federal Housing Administration,

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development,

Washington, D.C. 20411

The HPMC office of HUD writes, updates, revises

and clarifies construction and design standards for

HUD-associated residential construction. This activity

grew out of the National Housing Act of 1934. The

Code of Federal Regulations reference is Title

24-Housing and Urban Development.

The standards as originally established in 1935

were intended to provide the minimum essentials for a property to be considered economically sound security for Federal Housing Administration mortgage

insurance purposes. In 1940 the FHA issued Minimum Requirements for Rental Housing covering

multifamily units; while Property Standards and

Minimum Construction Requirements for Dwellings

applicable to single-family dwellings was published in

1942. These were reissued after World War II under

the titles: Minimum Property Requirements for

Properties of Three or More Living Units and Minimum Property Requirements for Properties of One or Two Living Units. The second document was issued

under 50 separate publications for various geographic

areas. This diversification created many problems, so with the aid of an advisory committee of construction

industry leaders, architects, engineers and planners,

the standards were combined into one book applicable

nationwide. The new standards, MPS for One- and

Two-Living Units, was published in 1958. Similarly

the multifamily standards were revised with the aid

of an industry advisory committee. The new standards, MPS for Multifamily Housing, was published in

1963.

Besides these two standards, HPMC has criteria for

nursing homes, swimming pools, housing for the el- derly, mobile home parks, community water supply

systems, community sewerage disposal systems, as well as guidelines for urban renewal rehabilitation,

planned unit development with a homes association,

insulating houses from aircraft noise, and land-use

intensity. HPMC issues structural engineering bulletins for individual structural systems and use of materials bulletins for proprietary materials not covered

by our standards.

HPMC encourages industry policing and self- certification for those materials covered by product

standards and Federal specifications. It also requires

third party certification in conformance with ANSI

Z34.1-47R59 for lumber, plywood, windows, exterior

flush doors, plastic bathtubs, etc. Currently the HPMC office of HUD is working on a new and improved system of housing standards.

Three books of mandatory standards and one guide

manual are in preparation. They are: MPS for Oneand Two-Family Dwellings, MPS for Multifamily

Housing, MPS for Care-Type Housing, and a Manual

of Acceptable Practices.

The new documents will be more dependent on

nationally recognized standards of the building industry and on performance language with fewer

specification-type details. They will be available from

the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.

INTERDEPARTMENTAL SCREW THREAD

COMMITTEE,

c/o Committee Chairman,

National Bureau of Standards,

Washington, D.C. 20234

This Committee (ISTC) replaces the National

Screw Thread Commission which was established by

an act of Congress in 1918. The ISTC is responsible

for: (1) recommending to appropriate activities

research and development efforts relating to screw

threads; (2) developing standards for inch and

metric screw threads; (3) participating in the development of standards for gages, dies, taps, and other

items associated with the manufacture and use of

interchangeable threaded parts employed by Government agencies; and (4) providing advisory services on science, technology, and standards of practice as these relate to screw threads.

Standards approved by the ISTC are published in

National Bureau of Standards Handbook H28, ScrewThread Standards for Federal Services, Part I, 1969,

Part II, 1957, Reprinted December 1966 with corrections, and Part HI 1957, Reprinted December 1966

with corrections. Handbook H28 is mandatory for the

Department of Defense and is referenced in most

Federal Government contracts.

189
The membership of the ISTC consists of representation from the National Bureau of Standards,

U. S. Department of Commerce; the Departments of

Defense, Army, Navy, and Air Force; Atomic Energy

Commission; Federal Aviation Administration;

National Aeronautics and Space Administration and

industry. The industry members are chosen from the

American National Standards Sectional Committee

Bl so as to be representative of both manufacturers

and users of threaded products. The ISTC works

closely with the American National Standards Sectional Committee Bl which is concerned with the

standardization and unification of screw threads and

is the industry counterpart of the ISTC.

INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF THE

Bonneville Power Administration,

Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination,

Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration

Bonneville Power Administration,

U.S. Department of the Interior,

Portland, Oregon 97208

The standards activities of the Bonneville Power

Administration (BPA) are accomplished through participation in committees and working groups of the

American National Standards Institute, Institute of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers, and International Electrotechnical Commission and other such

established standards organizations. BPA writes specifications for electrical apparatus, equipment maintenance, and design standards for internal use only.

Office of Water Data Coordination,

Geological Survey,

U.S. Department of the Interior,

National Center,

Reston, Virginia 22092

The Geological Survey, as part of its implementation of Office of Management and Budget Circular

A-67, has designated its Office of Water Data Coordination (OWDC) to identify methods used to acquire

water data and to recommend methods for use by

Federal agencies. The OWDC accomplishes this with

the advice and guidance of an advisory committee

composed of representatives of Federal agencies

involved in the acquisition and/or use of water data.

This activity is an outgrowth of the efforts of an

interagency work group, which was designated by

the Federal Advisory Committee on Water Data in

1970 in an effort to obtain better coordination and

quality control of water data acquired by Federal

agencies. The work group issued in December 1972

the report Recommended Methods for Water-Data

Acquisition which lists recommended methods in six

categories. With this as a base, an ad hoc subcommittee of the Federal Advisory Committee on Water Data

formulated the current procedure for the continued

identification and recommendation of water-data

acquisition methodologies. The identification of methods is accomplished through working groups which

are responsible for specific areas of concern, such as ground-water quantitative methods, biologic and bacteriologic quality of surface and ground water, soil moisture, etc. The methods identified by the work

groups, together with their recommendations, are reviewed by the Coordinating Council and then issued

as a chapter, or a part thereof, in a looseleaf handbook. The work groups are responsible for the con- tinued review of methodologies in their area of concern. Close liaison is maintained with the American

Society for Testing and Materials, the International

Organization for Standardization and the standardization activities of organizations such as the Ameriacn

Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control

Federation, and American Public Health Association. In addition, close working ties have been established

with nonfederal organizations at regional, state, and

local levels.

Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration,

U.S. Department of the Interior,

Washington, D.C. 20240

Functions of the Mining Enforcement and Safety

Administration (MESA) were removed from the

Bureau of Mines effective July 16, 1973. The legislative authority for MESA's standardization activities are found in the Federal Coal Mine Health and Safety

Act of 1969—PL 91-173; Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Act of 1966—PL 89-577; and

the Title 30 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

PL 91-173—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to develop and promulgate mandatory safety

standards for the protection of life and the prevention of injuries in coal mines and to promulgate the

health standards transmitted to him by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare. PL 91-173

provides that the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to certify mine employees whose duties under

this Act require certification when the mining laws

of any state do not provide for such certification.

PL 89-577—The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to develop and promulgate health and safety

standards for the purpose of protecting the life, the

promotion of health and safety, and the prevention of

accidents in metal and nonmetal mines. PL 89-577

provides that the Secretary of the Interior is authorized to establish advisory committees to assist him in

the development of health and safety standards for

mines subject to this Act. New projects are being

considered and developed on a continuing basis.

To date, 4,000 standards have been issued as a

result of both Acts. The standards are developed and

published in the Federal Register on a continuing

basis, therefore any listing provided is complete and

current only on the date of issue. Violations of mandatory standards are cited during inspections of the

mines. Compliance with madatory standards is required.

190
JOINT COMMITTEE ON PRINTING,

Congress of the United States,

S-151, U.S. Capitol,

Washington, D.C. 20510

The Joint Committee on Printing, created by act of August 3, 1846 (9 Stat. 114), is responsible for

establishing specification standards for papers used in

public printing and binding. These standardization

activities are administered by a Committee on Paper

Specifications and its Technical Subcommittee, under

the chairmanship of a Joint Committee staff member

and including representatives of the U.S. Government

Printing Office; General Services Administration;

National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce; and Departments of the Army, Navy and Air

Force.

Government Paper Specification Standards include

approximately 85 individual specifications for writing

and printing papers, together with testing and color

standards, all of which are mandatory for use by the

departments of the Government in the preparation of

procurement documents for paper stocks and in

specifying paper stocks to be used in printing, binding, or duplicating unless otherwise authorized by the

Joint Committee on Printing.

JUSTICE, DEPARTMENT OF

Law Enforcement Assistance Administration

;

National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal

Justice Equipment Systems Improvement Program,

Standards and Guidelines Group

See: Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory under

Commerce, Department of,

National Bureau of Standards, LESL

LABOR, DEPARTMENT OF

Occupational Safety and Health Administration,

U.S. Department of Labor,

Washington, D.C. 20210

The Occupational Safety and Health Act, PL

91-596 was enacted December 29, 1970 and went into

effect April 28, 1971. This law was passed to assure

safe and healthful working conditions, so far as possible, for every working man and woman in the

Nation. Two main functions within the mission of

OSHA are to develop and promulgate occupational

safety and health standards and to issue regulations

necessary for assuring compliance with its standards

and regulations. The Office of Standards has the main

responsibility in carrying out these functions.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) adopted its initial standards on May 29,

1971 and they consisted of national consensus standards, and the Federal standards that were already in

effect under other Department of Labor administered

laws. When the Office of Standards determines a

need, on the basis of information submitted by interested parties, scientific data from the field, or experi- ence gained under other health and safety laws, the

Office of Standards will develop new standards,

revoke or modify existing standards using one of two

procedures available. All regular proposals to promulgate, modify or revoke an Occupational Safety and

Health standard using the 6fb) procedure must be

published following the APA requirements in the

Federal Register to afford interested parties an opportunity to comment before the standard becomes effec- tive or is revoked. A temporary emergency standards

procedure (6(c) procedure) may be used to promulgate standards where the APA procedures are waived.

Such a temporary emergency standard must be

replaced by a 6(b) standard within 6 months.

In developing new standards or modifying standards, the Office of Standards determines whether

there is a need for the establishment of a standards

advisory committee to assist them in the standardssetting function. Once it is determined there is a need

for a committee, one is appointed which consists of

5 to 15 members and is composed of representatives

of management, labor, state and Federal governments

and the public. Advisory committee meetings are opened to the public and a transcript is made available for public review. The Office of Standards

presently has committees working on occupational

noise standards, heat stress, construction standards,

agricultural standards and carcinogen standards.

The present reprint of OSHA standards contains

subject indexes which were published fully in the

Federal Register. The OSHA standards are contained

in the Federal Register, Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations: (1) General Industry, Part 1910,

reprinted October 18, 1972; (2) Maritime, Parts

1915-1918, reprinted October 19, 1972; and (3)

Construction, Part 1926, reprinted December 15, 1972.

The OSHA Standards have required certain pieces

of equipment or installations to be approved. Such

approvals must be obtained from nationally recognized testing laboratories or from the enforcing

authority. OSHA's Office of Standards plans to begin an accreditation program in FY74 to recognized test- ing laboratories interested in listing or approving

equipment as required in OSHA standards. The Office

of Standards also accredits qualified private agencies

for the certification of certain equipment such as shore based cranes and ship's gear in the marine

cargo handling industry.

The Office of Standards has been effective in helping employers and employees understand the language

used in the Act, and in its standards promulgation procedures, and its standards by providing interpretations

of OSHA's standards to all interested parties upon

request. The Office of Standards has entered into an agreement with the Government Printing Office to provide a subscription service of OSHA, National Institute

for Occupational Safety and Health (HEW) and Occupational Safety Health Review Commission Standards,

regulations and interpretations to enable employers and

employees to keep up-to-date on these activities.

191

I
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE

ADMINISTRATION

NASA Headquarters ; Office of Safety and

Reliability and Quality Assurance,

Goddard Space Flight Center Data Systems

Requirements Committee,

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center,

Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center;

Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance Office

Office of Safety and Reliability and Quality Assurance,

NASA Headquarters,

National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

Washington, D.C. 20546

NASA Headquarters, Office of Safety and Reliability and Quality Assurance, has initiated standards applicable to line certification of Class A microcircuits as

specified in MIL-M-38510. NASA participates in the

Defense Standardization Program for Federal Supply

Classes 5961 and 5962. NASA activity is in consonance

with Title 10, USC Chapter 145 and Department of

Defense (DoD) Directive 4120.3. Four NASA documents have been issued and are available from the

Government Printing Office: NHB 5300.4 (SC), May

1971 edition—Line Certification Requirements for

Microcircuits; NHB 5300.4 (3D), May 1971 editionTest Methods and Procedures for Microcircuit Line

Certification; NHB 5300.4(3E), October 1971 edition —Radiographic Inspection for Microcircuits; and

NHB 5300.4(3F), June 1972 edition—Qualified Products Lists Requirements for Microcircuits.

Current activity is underway to update the above

to include other types beyond the presently covered

monolithic types. Use of the above and related DoD

standards are required by a NASA management

issuance.

Goddard Space Flight Center Data Systems

Requirements Committee,

NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,

National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

The Data Systems Requirements Committee

(DSRC) is responsible for the establishment, publication, and review of Goddard Space Flight Center

(GSFC) Aerospace Data Systems Standards which

apply to all projects using the GSFC Spaceflight

Tracking and Data Network (STDN) and/or the

GSFC Mission Operations, Data Handling and Processing Facilities. They govern interfaces between

major parts of aerospace data systems; i.e., between

the flight and ground systems of telemetry, com- mand, tracking, communication, timing, and data

handling and processing. The primary purposes of the

standards are to maximize multiproject use of standard data systems and to specify minimum performance levels available to those who use such systems.

Conformance to the Aerospace Data Systems Standards is required of the projects. Likewise, STDN and

the Mission Operations, Data Handling and Processing Facilities are obligated to provide support in

conformance with the Aerospace Data Systems Standards. Flight operations with nonstandard systems are not permitted unless specific waivers are granted by

the Data Systems Requirements Committee or the

Director, GSFC.

The DSRC was established in 1960 and has issued

and updated 9 standards. The current Aerospace Data

Systems Standards are: Pulse Code Modulation Telemetry Standard; Pulse Amplitude Modulation Telemetry Standard; Tone Command Standard; Tone Digital

Command Standard; PCM/FSK Command Data System Standard; Radio Frequency and Modulation

Standard for Space-to-Ground Telemetry; Spacecraft

Clock Systems Standard; Spacecraft Minitrack Signal

Source Standard; and, Magnetic Tape Track Standard.

George C. Marshall Space Flight Center,

National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

Huntsville, Alabama 35812

The standards developed by the Marshall Space

Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space

Administration (NASA) are for internal application,

including industrial firms which have contracts in

support of Center missions.

Although these standards have been developed for

internal application, they are available for use else- where if desired. The standards are issued in the

Marshall Management Instruction Manual (MMI)

8070.2, Specifications and Standards for Space Systems and Related Equipment, and available from the

Marshall Space Flight Center.

Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance Office,

Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center,

National Aeronautics and Space Administration,

Houston, Texas 77058

The Safety, Reliability, and Quality Assurance

(SR&QA) Office of the Lyndon B. Johnson Space

Center (JSC) administers the Center's Manned Spacecraft Criteria and Standards Program to provide the

process whereby operational, design and safety experi- ence can be brought to the attention of personnel

involved with the various disciplines required to accomplish manned space flight.

These standards are in the form of JSC technical

policy statements of principles, philosophies, or

criteria for manned spacecraft, space flight equipment, and space experiments. Some standards present detailed requirements for the design of a

particular kind of hardware. Other standards present

general techniques and procedures to be employed for

manufacture, assembly, servicing, checkout, test or other operations associated with manned space flight.

Proposed standards are reviewed by specialists in

the pertinent technical discipline, and submitted to a management review board. The board is composed of

management personnel with expertise in the various

technical disciplines. Upon recommendation of the

board the standards are approved by the JSC Director.

Approved standards are included in JSCM 8080,

Manned Spacecraft Criteria and Standards. All JSC

192
organizational elements are responsible for applying

these standards to JSC and JSC contractor design and

procedural activities. Compliance audits and periodic

review of the currency of standards are performed by

SR&QA. An approved waiver is required for any

departure from a standard, whether the departure is based on state of the art advancement, or other

considerations.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF

STANDARDS LABORATORIES,

c/o Secretariat,

National Bureau of Standards,

Washington, D.C. 20234

NCSL is a continuing, nonprofit laboratory-oriented

organization to promote cooperative efforts toward

solving the common problems faced by standards

laboratories in their organization and operation. It was established in 1961 under the sponsorship of the

National Bureau of Standards. Its membership consists of academic, scientific, industrial, commercial, or governmental laboratories concerned with the meas- urement of physical quantities, the calibration of

standards and instruments, and the development of

standards of practice. It provides liaison with technical societies, trade associations and educational

institutions interested in these activities. NCSL pursues its goals through joint voluntary

action by: (1) Holding conferences, workshops,

seminars, and meetings for presentation of papers

and discussions pertaining to technical and managerial problems, operating practices, and policies for

standards laboratories. (2) Collecting and disseminating information about current practices for the organization, operation, and evaluation of measurement

standards and calibration laboratories. (3) Formulating voluntary standards of practice for the guidance

of members, studying the calibration needs of science

and industry, conducting measurement agreement

comparisons, publishing a Directory of Standards

Laboratories and available services.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WEIGHTS

AND MEASURES,

c/o Conference Executive Secretary,

National Bureau of Standards,

Department of Commerce,

Washington, D.C. 20234

The Conference, sponsored by the National Bureau

of Standards (NBS), is composed primarily of state, county, and city weights and measures officials, who

constitute the active membership. It includes also, as advisory members, representatives of the Federal

Government who are concerned in any way with

regulatory weights and measures officers or their official activities, or who are interested in the objectives

and activities of the Conference. A third membership

category, associate members, comprises representatives of manufacturers of commercial weighing and

measuring devices, business, industry, railroad, and

industrial weighing and scale departments, consumers, and other interested in the objectives and work

of the Conference.

The Conference meets annually to consider various

problems arising in connection with weights and

measures administration; to promote efficiency and

uniformity in laws, rules, specifications, tolerances,

and methods of supervision and test; and to coordinate activities of state and local weights and measures

officials. In the development of codes and specifications,

tolerances, and regulations for commercial weighing

and measuring devices, the National Bureau of Standards cooperates closely with the Conference Committee on Specifications and Tolerances. As necessity

arises, these codes are modified, and new codes are formulated, thus keeping the entire group in line with

changing conditions of the trade and with the developments of the equipment industry.

The Conference codes are published by the

National Bureau of Standards and generally are offi- cially promulgated by the states as published. The

reports of the proceedings of each annual meeting

of the Conference also are published by NBS.

The Conference has adopted a Model State Law on Weights and Measures, Model State Packaging and

Labeling Regulation, and several other model regulations, and from time to time endorses standard

methods of test for commercial apparatus.

The Conference has been effective in bringing

about a gratifying degree of uniformity and mutual

cooperation among the states in the matter of weights

and measures supervision.

TRANSPORTATION, DEPARTMENT OF,

400 Seventh Street SW.,

Washington, D.C. 20590

United States Coast Guard,

Office of Boating Safety,

Office of Merchant Marine Safety,

Federal Aviation Administration,

Federal Highway Administration,

Engineering and Traffic Operations,

Federal Railroad Administration,

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Office of Boating Safety,

United States Coast Guard,

U.S. Department of Transportation

The Boating Standards Division of the Office of

Boating Safety has the primary responsibility for

issuing and administering standards relating to recre- ational boating safety.

The Coast Guard's authority to issue standards in

this area was somewhat limited under the Motorboat

Act of 1940 and the Federal Boating Act of 1958.

However in August 1971, the Federal Boat Safety Act

of 1971 was signed into law. This Act gave the Coast

Guard authority to issue regulations to: (1) establish

minimum safety standards for boats and associated

equipment, and (2) require the installation, car- riage, or use of associated equipment on boats.

193
This law also made the manufacturer directly

responsible for his product meeting safety standards

and being free from safety-related defects. Regulations issued under this act require manufacturers of

boats and associated equipment to certify compliance

of their products with applicable safety standards.

Further, defect notification procedures have been

established for noncompliance and those defects which

create a substantial risk of personal injury to the boating public.

To date, several standards have been issued governing safe loading, safe powering, and flotation of

boats as well as requirements for personal flotation

devices. These standards may be found in Subchapter

S, Boating Safety of Title 33, Code of Federal Regulations. Major project areas now under consideration

include: fire and explosion of fuel, steering and control systems, environmental systems, and special

watercraft.

Office of Merchant Marine Safely,

United States Coast Guard,

U.S. Department of Transportation

The U.S. Coast Guard's Office of Merchant Marine

Safety is responsible for commercial vessel plan

review, a construction inspection program for passenger vessels, and an equipment approval system for

associated equipment.

The Merchant Marine Safety Program of vessel

review and inspection has the objective of minimizing

lives lost, property damage, and personal injury in

marine transportation through prevention. Vessel

plans are reviewed by Coast Guard technical personnel and accepted or rejected as being in compliance

with broad-based safety standards established by the

Coast Guard. Vessels, under construction and periodically thereafter, are inspected for continued compliance. The program deals primarily with making the

vessel on which passage has been purchased capable

of a safe passage.

The associated equipment approval system is designed to ensure compliance with certain perform- ance requirements established by the Coast Guard.

The objective is to establish a means by which the consumer may rely on the piece of equipment, life- saving devices, fire extinguisher, etc., when it is needed. The approval aids in the enforcement of

water safety by the regulatory body (Coast Guard)

since the equipment must meet certain basic minimum requirements. The intent is to maximize the

probability of survival and rescue of the consumer in

the event abandonment of the vessel becomes necessary. The Legislative authority and statutory citations for

the plan review and inspection program are Title 52

(RS 4399-4500) which provides for a Federal agency

to have the authority for administration of the laws,

rules and regulations governing the inspection and

navigation of merchant vessels. Title 46 USC 369

(plans and specifications for construction or alteration

of passenger vessels: examination and approval by the

Commandant of the Coast Guard) and the 1960

International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea,

a treaty to which the United States is signatory. These

statutes give general authorization to the Coast Guard

for plan review, inspection and equipment approval for

certain watercraft.

The Legislative authority for the associated equipment approval system is the Motorboat Act of 1940,

and the Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971 under which

the Coast Guard is concerned with the administration

and enforcement of laws, rules and regulation over motor boats. Title 46 USC 481 RS 4488 (Regulations

for vessels subject to Coast Guard). Title 46 USC 489

RS 4491 (Use of instruments for security of life to be

approved) and the 1960 International Convention for

the Safety of Life at Sea.

Regulations for plan review and inspection: 46

CFR Subparts 70-80 inclusive (Rules and Regulations

for Passenger Vessels) ; and 46 CFR Subparts 175-

187 inclusive (Rules and Regulations for Small Passenger Vessels)

.

Regulations for associated equipment approvals: 46

CFR Subparts 160-164 inclusive (Specifications) ; and

46 CFR Subpart 24-26 inclusive (Rules and Regulations for Uninspected Vessels)

.

The Coast Guard promotes this program by membership in the following societies: American Society

for Testing Materials, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, National Fire Protection Association,

American Boat and Yacht Council, International

Organization for Standards, and the Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization.

Federal Aviation Administration,

U.S. Department of Transportation,

Washington, D.C. 20591

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) standards

are either regulatory or nonregulatory in nature. Those in the later category are found in the various

numbered parts of the Federal Aviation Regulations

and as such are subject to revision in accordance with

the administrative rule-making procedures in which

the public participates. Regulatory amendments and

notices of proposed rule-making are published in the

Federal Register.

The nonregulatory standards, generally contained

in FAA Advisory Circulars, serve principally as a means of providing safety information to the public

with respect to aircraft operations or of a related

aeronautical interest. Nonregulatory circulars also

provide the public with guidelines in meeting regulatory requirements. The FAA periodically publishes a revised Advisory Circular Checklist and Status of

Regulations which lists current advisory circulars and

Federal Aviation Regulations. Most of the circulars

may be obtained free of charge. The regulations,

which are organized by volume, may be purchased

from the U.S. Government Printing Office.

Regulations and standards are developed and

administered by various services and offices within

FAA. The Flight Standards Service is responsible for

194
most of the regulatory material which includes the

certification, operation and maintenance of aircraft,

engines, propellers and aircraft equipment; licensing

of airmen; operational procedures; and the certification of schools, repair stations, and parachute lofts. The Air Traffic Service is responsible for regulations

and standards governing airspace utilization, air traffic control and procedures, and for the establishment

and installation of navigational facilities. The Airports Service is responsible for regulations and

standards concerning airport certification and airport

grants; the Office of Aviation Medicine, for airmen

aeromedical standards; the Office of Environmental

Quality, for aircraft noise standards; and the Office of

Air Transportation Security, for airport and air

carrier security requirements.

The Federal Aviation Administration was created

under Tide VI of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958

to provide for the regulation and promotion of civil aviation in such a manner as to best foster its development and safety, and to provide for the safe and effi- cient use of the airspace by both civil and military

aircraft, and for other purposes. The Federal Aviation Regulations are promulgated under Title 14 of

the Code of Federal Regulations. The first regulations

and civil aviation safety standards originated with the

passage of the Air Conunerce Act of 1926.

Engineering and Traffic Operations,

Federal Highway Administration,

U.S. Department of Transportation

The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA),

working in full concert with an official organization of

the highway departments of several states, and the

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), prepares FHWA standards and implements AASHTO standards pursuant

to the authority of 23 U S C 109. The standards

promulated for Federal-aid highways are listed in

FHWA Policy and Procedure Memorandum (PPM)

40-2, and in title 23, Code of Federal Regulations.

Standards for federally owned highways follow the

Federal-aid standards, although Federal agencies for

which FHWA supervises direct Federal highway construction may alter the standards for their particular

highway purpose.

The committee within AASHTO which has overall

responsibility for the development of standards is the

Standing Committee on Engineering Policies. This

committee not only produces standards in its own

right but utilizes various operating subcommittees for

much of the developmental work. Standards are maintained in current status by periodic review and

updating on a time cycle varying from 2 to 10

years, depending upon the rapidity of change in the

state of the art and rate of obsolescence for the

particular aspect of highway design and construction

covered by the standard.

New subjects for which standards are currently

under consideration include (1) highway drainage;

(2) highway noise evaluation and attenuation measures; (3) location and design of bikeways; and (4)

barriers for motorists' protection against roadside

hazards.

The cooperative state-Federal standards program

has resulted in a remarkable uniformity, nationwide,

in the geometric design, safety and signing standards

for the several classes of highways and their appurte- nances. The Federal Railroad Administration,

U.S. Department of Transportation

The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) was

created pursuant to Section 3(e) (1) of the Department of Transportation Act of 1966. This Act trans- ferred to the FRA the railroad safety activities of the

Bureau of Railroad Safety and Service of the Interstate Commerce Commission, including the administration and enforcement of the Safety Appliance Acts,

45 U S C 1-16; the Locomotive Inspection Act, 45

use 22-34; the Accident Reports Act, 45 U S C

38-43; the Hours of Service Act, 45 U S C 61-64 and

the Signal Inspection Act, 49 U S C 26. In addition,

the Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970, Pub. L. 91-458 (80 Stat. 971), authorized the FRA, through

a delegation from the Secretary of Transportation (49

C F R 1.49(0)), to promote safety in all areas of

railroad operations by prescribing appropriate regulations supplementing the existing rail safety statutes and regulations. The regulations promulgated under

this legislative authority are found in Title 49, Subtitle B, Chapter II of the Code of Federal Regulations.

The rule-making activity of the FRA is intended to promote uniformity in rail safety regulations applicable to all common carriers engaged in the general

railroad system of transportation. In the development of specifications, tolerances and

standards the FRA follows those rule-making procedures set out in 49 C F R 211, including the provision

of an opportunity for comment by private individuals,

the industry and labor. Existing regulations prescribe

standards and procedures with respect to track safety,

reporting and classification of accidents, hours of

service, locomotive inspection, safety appliances,

power brakes, signal systems and the installation,

inspection, maintenance, and repair of systems,

devices and appliances.

Further regulations in the areas of operating rules,

telegraphic reporting of accidents, freight car standards, marking of rear-end of trains to enhance visi- bility, passenger train speeds over 110 m.p.h. and

certification of state agencies for participation in sur- veillance and investigation activities are being developed as part of the FRA's ongoing program to enhance the safe operation of the nation's railroads.

Inquiries concerning proposed rule-making activities

may be addressed to the Associate Administrator,

Office of Safety, Federal Railroad Administration, 400

Seventh Street SW., Washington, D.C. 20590.

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

U.S. Department of Transportation

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration carries out programs relating to the safety

195
performance of motor vehicles and related equipment under the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle

Safety Act of 1966. The Associate Administrator,

Motor Vehicle Programs, is responsible for implementing the motor vehicle safety programs to reduce the occurrence of highway crashes, reduce the severity of

injuries in such crashes, and improve survivability

and injury recovery by better post-crash measures.

Safety standards and regulations are issued which

prescribe safety features and levels of safety-related

performance for motor vehicles and motor vehicle

equipment. The first of these standards was issued in

1966. Total number of standards issued is now 43,

plus 11 regulations. These standards appear in Chapter V of Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

A complete technical document of the Federal Motor

Vehicle Safety Standards and Regulations is published

and updated by the U.S. Government Printing Office.

Manufacturers are required to furnish certification

of conformity. The Administration conducts an intensive testing program to determine whether vehicles

and equipment comply with applicable standards. It also investigates reports of safety-related defects not

covered by a standard, and can require a manufacturer of motor vehicles or motor vehicle equipment

to take certain actions as to such defects.

The Administration cooperates with the National

Motor Vehicle Safety Advisory Council, which is made

up of public and industry representatives, and consults with them on vehicle safety standards.

TREASURY, DEPARTMENT OF THE

Bureau of Customs,

Bureau of the Mint,

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

Bureau of Customs,

U.S. Department of the Treasury,

2100 K Street NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20229

In 1941 U.S. Customs authorized the use by the

molasses trade of a direct-pressure type mercury

gage, such as the Pneumercator, for measuring

molasses in tanks.

This authorization was contingent on having the

gage certified to show corrections, if any, to the

scale readings at various points.

Until January 1, 1960 this calibration was performed by the National Bureau of Standards. On or about that date NBS discontinued this service, and

thereafter the U.S. Customs Service Laboratory at Baltimore, Maryland, assumed the responsibility.

At the present time the Laboratory certifies fewer

than 10 Pneumercator gages per year. Calibration is performed on receipt of the unit accompanied by an open purchase order. The fee includes charges for

labor, handling, and overhead. It varies per gage,

depending upon the number of units submitted at one

time, from $250 to $300.

Customs has no active standards committees or new projects underway or under consideration.

Bureau of the Mint,

U.S. Department of the Treasury,

15th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW.,

Washington, D.C. 20220

The Bureau of the Mint, Department of the Treasury, develops and administers the technical standards

for the LInited States coinage. Nominal diameter and

weight standards are established by statute (31 U.S.C.

317 and 391). Deviations allowed in the weight of

minor coins are established by 31 U.S.C. 350. Thickness standards, and other tolerances are developed

by the Office of Technology, Office of the Director.

These standards are only imposed internally on the

coin manufacturing processes. However, their importance in the development of coin handling and coin

operated equipment so commonly found throughout

the nation warrants their publication upon request.

Written inquiries should be directed to the Director

of the Mint, and to the Attention of Office of Technology.

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms,

U.S. Department of the Treasury,

1111 Constitution Avenue,

Washington, D.C. 20226

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

(ATF) is the agency with primary responsibility for

enforcement of Federal laws relating to the production, storage and taxation of alcohol and tobacco

products, firearms and explosives.

Standards have been established by the Bureau's

Scientific Services Division, which apply to hydrometers, thermometers and William's test tubes supplied to the Bureau for testing the alcoholic content

of beverages. Although these standards are not usually published, they are supplied to bidders for manufacturing contracts. In cooperation with various industry segments,

ATF prescribes and enforces standards of identity for

alcoholic beverages. These standards are established

by regulations applicable to all such beverages produced in or imported into the United States. Standards for the various classes of wines are published at 27 CFR Part 4; those for distilled spirits are published at 27 CFR Part 5. The Scientific Services Division sets specifications

for ethyl alcohol, denatured alcohol, proprietory sol- vents and special industrial solvents. These are incorporated as Federal Specifications O-E-760B

issued by the General Services Administration.

Through regulations issued by ATF at 26 CFR Parts

211 and 212, these standards are applicable to the

production of these products in the United States. The standards of identity for small cigars, as defined in 26 U.S.C. 5702 and in regulations issued

by ATF at 26 CFR Part 270, are further established

by laboratory test procedures set up by the Scientific

Services Division. These analytical tests are utilized to enforce these standards for small cigars, as differ196
entiated from cigarettes, upon all such products con- sumed within the United States. Additionally, the Bureau sets specifications relating

to construction of storerooms for explosive materials.

These specifications are published in 26 CFR Part

181.

VETERANS ADMINISTRATION,

Department of Medicine and Surgery,

Washington, D.C. 20420

The standardization activities of the Veterans

Administration (VA) are administered by the Safety,

Occupational Health and Fire Protection Division and

have been in effect for many years. The Division

establishes VA standards relative to safety, occupational health and fire protection, as supplements to adopted national standards. Currently there are fourteen VA standards: Carpet Safety Requirements,

Automatic Fire Extinguishing Protection, Air Conditioning Systems, Magnetic Door Locks, Liquid Oxygen

Walker Units, Trash Containers, Exit Through ICU or ecu, Storage, Preparation and Consumption of Food

and Beverages by Employees in Places of Work, Food

Service Equipment and Facilities, Lasers, Pipetting in

Hospital Laboratories, Needle/Syringe Handling

Procedures, Electron Microscopes, and Microwave

Ovens.

There are three new standards projects under consideration: Noise, Bathtubs, and Laboratory Safety

Equipment-Safety Showers and Eyewashes. The VA

Policy Manual MP-3, Part III lists the current standards.

5. Index

5.1. Association Index By Subject Heading Areas

This is a listing of associations by subject heading

areas. Under each of the subject areas the organizations are listed in alphabetical order, being classified

in the broad sense of the word. The subject terms are considered generic in scope but relevant to the (1)

field and/or subject, including existing subclasses

(e.g., Engineering—electrical, civil, mechanical, mining, and aeronautical, etc.) or type of organization

including their industry, technology, trade, or profession; (2) concern, cause, interest, or activity of the

group; and (3) applicable products, materials, sys- tems, services, or related aspects and applications.

Subject fields are sometimes grouped into one subject

heading area and in some instances, such as under

the terms Agriculture (subject area 2), and Food, of

Food and Drug (4); and Engineering (15), and

Industrial (Technical and Trade) (18), the classifications are intended as a further breakdown even though there is a subject overlap. Subclassification is determined by the reader either by consideration of

the organization's name, or by reading the summary

content of the specific organization. Obviously, an

organization may appear under more than one subject area.

List of Subject Heading Areas

Business, Commercial and Management (1)

Agricultural (2)

Transportation (3)

Food and Drug (4)

Mandates, Codes and Legal Involvements (5)

Scientific (g)

Educational and Cultural (7)

Health and Medical (8)

Safety (9)

Hobbies, Crafts, and Pets (10)

Athletic, Sports and Recreation (U)

Consumerism Q2)

Environmental (13)

Communication (14)

Engineering (15)

Construction and Materials (16)

Automatic Data Processing (ADP) (17) Industrial (Technical and Trade) (18) Textiles and Fabrics, and Clothing (19)

Sanitation (20)

Public Interest (21)

Energy (22)

Packaging and Paper (23)

Instrumentation, and Measurement and Weighing

Devices (24)

BUSINESS, COMMERCIAL AND

MANAGEMENT (1)

American Bankers' Association

American Council of Independent Laboratories, Inc. American Dental Trade Association

American Hotel and Motel Association

American Insurance Association

American Mutual Insurance Alliance

American Wax Importers and Refiners' Association

Archery Manufacturers' Organization

Architectural Woodwork Institute Building Ov^fners and Managers' Association International Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers' Association Data Processing Management Association

Electrical Testing Laboratories, Inc. Factory Mutual Engineering and Research

Industrial Management Society

International City Management Association

Linen Supply Association of America

National Association of Blue Shield Plans

National Association of County Engineers

National Association of Hospital Purchasing Management

National Association of Industrial Parks

National Association of Purchasing Management, Inc. National Institute of Infant Services

National Municipal League

National Retail Merchants' Association

National Wholesale Hardware Association

Paper Stationery and Tablet Manufacturing Association, Inc. Pipe Line Contractors' Association

Project Management Institute Rice Millers' Association

Society of Allied Weight Engineers. Inc.

Traffic Audit Bureau, Inc. Transportation Data Coordinating Committee

United States Council of the International Chamber of Commerce

United States Testing Company, Inc.

197
Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Commerce, Department of Maritime Administration

General Services Administration

AGRICULTURAL (2)

American Association of Nurserymen

American Feed Manufacturers' Association

American Society of Agricultural Engineers

American Sod Producers' Association

American Soybean Association

Association of American Feed Control Officials, Inc. Association of Official Analytical Chemists

Association of Official Seed Analysts

Blue Anchor, Inc. Corn Refiners' Association, Inc. Cotton Warehouse Association of America

Dairy and Food Industries Supply Association

Diamond Walnut Growers, Inc. Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute

Fertilizer Institute International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems

Mill Mutual Fire Prevention Bureau

National Academy of Sciences—National Academy of Engineering—Institute of Medicine—National Research

Council

National Silo Association

National Soybean Processors' Association

Perlite Institute Rice Millers' Association

Sprinkler Irrigation Association

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Marketing Service

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Departmental Information Processing Standards

Packers and Stockyards Administration, Scales and

Weighing Branch

Rural Electrification Administration

Treasury, Department of Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

TRANSPORTATION (3)

(Including highways and airports since they accomodate

transportation; vehicles, conveyors and urban transportation

systems; and traffic operations.)

Aerospace Industries Association

Air Transport Association

American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators

American Association of State Highway and Transportation

Officials American Automobile Association

American Boat and Yacht Council, Inc. American Bureau of Shipping

American Feed Manufacturers' Association

American National Standards Institute American Road Builders' Association

American Society for Testing and Materials

Association of American Railroads

Chlorine Institute, Inc. Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute Friction Materials Standards Institute, Inc.

Industrial Truck Association

Institute of Traffic Engineers

International City Management Association

Manufacturing Chemists' Association

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers' Association of the United

States, Inc. National Academy of Sciences—National Academy of Engineering—Institute of Medicine—National Research

Council

National Association of County Engineers

National Association of Elevator Contractors National Association of Motor Bus Owners

National Cottonseed Products Association

National Elevator Industry, Inc. National Fire Protection Association

Railway Tie Association

Refractories Institute Society of Automotive Engineers

Sports Car Club of America, Inc. Transportation Data Coordinating Committee

Truck Body and Equipment Association, Inc. Truck Trailer Manufacturers' Association

Vehicle Equipment Safety Commission

Federal Government

Commerce, Department of Maritime Administration

Transportation, Department of Engineering and Traffic Operations, Federal Highway

Administration

Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Railroad Administration

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

United States Coast Guard

Office of Boating Safety

Office of Merchant Marine Safety

FOOD AND DRUG (4)

(Including food equipment, supplies, services, processing,

production and storage; spitits and beverages.)

American Association of Cereal Chemists

American Association of Clinical Chemists

American Association of Medical Milk Commissions, Inc. and

Certified Milk Producers of America, Inc. American Dry Milk Institute American Medical Association

American Oil Chemists' Society

American Pharmaceutical Association

American Society of Agricultural Engineers

American Society of Enologists

American Soybean Association

American Spice Trade Association

Association of American Feed Control Officials, Inc. Association of Official Analytical Chemists

Association of Official Seed Analysts

Blue Anchor, Inc. Coffee Brewing Center Corn Refiners' Association, Inc. DFA of California

Dairy and Food Industries Supply Association

Diamond Walnut Growers, Inc. Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, Inc. Food Processing Machinery and Supplies Association

National Academy of Sciences—National Academy of Engineering—Institute of Medicine—National Research

Council

National Association of Food Equipment Manufacturers

National Environmental Health Association

National Formulary

National Institute of Oilseed Products

198
National Soybean Processors' Association

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Association

Rice Millers' Association

Salt Institute U.S. Pharmacopeia, Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, United States Pharmacopeial Convention

Whey Products Institute Wine Institute

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Marketing Service

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of Food and Drug Administration Veterans Administration

MANDATES, CODES AND

LEGAL INVOLVEMENTS (5)

(Including mandatory regulations, codes, ordinances, and

laws; any organization that develops standards appearing in building codes; and nonmandatory codes, i.e., the building

codes that do not have legal standing unless they are adopted

by reference or inclusion, in an act of state, county, or by

municipal governments. Also included are organizations that have any involvement, contribution or support, of regulatory

activities even though the organization is a voluntary standards

development group.)

American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators

American Automobile Association

American Feed Manufacturers' Association

American Insurance Association

American Road Builders' Association

American Society for Testing and Materials

American Society of Agricultural Engineers

American Society of Plumbing Engineers

Association of American Railroads

Association of Bedding and Furniture Law Officials Association of Official Analytical Chemists

Brick Institute of America

Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. Canvas Products Association International

Carpet and Rug Institute Dairy and Food Industries Supply Association

Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute

Fertilizer Institute Glass Tempering Association

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials International City Management Association

International Conference of Building Officials Jewelers Vigilance Committee

Law Enforcement Association on Professional Standards,

Education and Ethical Practice

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers' Association of the United

States, Inc. National Association of Elevator Contractors

National Automatic Sprinkler and Fire Control Association

National Automobile Theft Bureau

National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors

National Canners Association

National Cargo Bureau, Inc. National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances

National Electrical Contractors' Association

National Electrical Manufacturers' Association

National Elevator Industry, Inc. National Fire Protection Association

National Forest Products Association

National Formulary

National Municipal League

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Association

Scaffolding and Shoring Institute Southern Building Code Congress

Steel Joist Institute Truss Plate Institute, Inc. U.S. Pharmacopeia, Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, United States Pharmacopeial Convention

Vehicle Equipment Safety Commission

Western Wooden Box Association

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Marketing Service

Animal and Plant Health Inspections Service

Packers and Stockyards Administration, Scales and Weighing Branch

Atomic Energy Commission

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory

Consumer Product Safety Commission

Environmental Protection Agency

Federal Communications Commission

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of Food and Drug Administration

Interior, Department of Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration

Joint Committee on Printing, Congress of the United States Labor, Department of Occupational Safety and Health Administration

National Conference on Weights and Measures, NBS

Transportation, Department of Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Railroad Administration

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

Office of Merchant Marine Safety, United States Coast Guard

Treasury, Department of Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

SCIENTIFIC (6)

American Association of Bioanalysts

American Association of Cereal Chemists

American Association of Clinical Chemists

American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists American Ceramic Society, Inc. American Crystallographic Association

American Leather Chemists' Association

American National Standards Institute American Nuclear Society

American Oil Chemists' Society

American Society for Medical Technology

American Vacuum Society

Association of Official Analytical Chemists

Atomic Industrial Forum

Biological Stain Commission

Electrical Testing Laboratories, Inc. Entomological Society of America

Essential Oil Association of U.S.A., Inc. Felt Manufacturers' Council of Northern Textile Association

Fertilizer Institute Instrument Society of America

Manufacturing Chemists' Association

National Academy of Sciences—National Academy of Engineering—Institute of Medicine—National Research

Council

Salt Institute

Scientific Apparatus Makers' Association

Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc. Society of the Plastics Industry

Tile Council of America, Inc.

199
Federal Government

Atomic Energy Commission

Commerce, Department of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine

Environmental Metrology

Environmental Protection Agency

National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses

National Fire Protection Association

National League for Nursing, Inc. National Machine Tool Builders' Association

National School Supply and Equipment Association

National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Inc. National Swimming Pool Institute Painting and Decorating Contractors of America

Project Management Institute Redwood Inspection Service

Society for Technical Communication, Inc. Special Libraries Association

Standards Engineers Society

Sump Pump Manufacturers' Association

United Lightning Protection Association, Inc. United States Golf Association

Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturers' Association

EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL (7)

(Including organizations with educational programs for the trade or profession as well as educational programs as a

service to the user; school related equipment and supplies;

and information services.)

Accrediting Bureau of Medical Laboratory Schools

American Association for Health, Physical Education, and

Recreation

American Association of Poison Control Centers American Association of Psychiatric Services for Children

American Automobile Association

American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics,

Inc. American Boards of Examiners in Speech Pathology and

Audiology, American Speech and Hearing Association

American Ceramic Society, Inc. American College of Surgeons

American Concrete Pipe Association

American Home Economics Association

American Hospital Association

American Industrial Hygiene Association

American Library Association

American Medical Association

American Mining Congress

American National Standards Institute American Optometric Association

American Podiatry Association

American Psychiatric Association

American Psychoanalytic Association

American Ski Teachers' Association of Natur Teknik

American Society for Medical Technology

American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. American Watchmakers' Institute Inc. Architectural Precast Association

Architectural Woodwork Institute Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of America

Association for Education of the Visually Handicapped

Association of American State Boards of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine

Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers

Book Manufacturers' Institute Coffee Brewing Center

Construction Industry Manufacturers' Association

Council of National Library Associations

Entomological Society of America

Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute Gemological Institute of America

Gypsum Association

Illuminating Engineering Society

Industrial Management Society Instrument Society of America

International Conference of Building Officials International Municipal Signal Association

Law Enforcement Association on Professional Standards,

Education and Ethical Practice

National Accreditation Council

National Association of Food Equipment Manufacturers

National Association of Hospital Purchasing Management

National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors National Association of Purchasing Management, Inc. National Association on Standard Medical Vocabulary

National Education Association

National Environmental Health Association

Federal Government

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Standards Information Services

Interior, Department of

Office of Water Data Coordination, Geological Survey

HEALTH AND MEDICAL (8)

Accrediting Bureau of Medical Laboratory Schools

American Association for Health, Physical Education, and

Recreation

American Association for Rehabilitation Therapy, Inc. American Association of Bioanalysts

American Association of Poison Control Centers American Association of Psychiatric Services for Children

American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics,

Inc. American Boards of Examiners in Speech Pathology and

Audiology, American Speech and Hearing Association

American College of Surgeons

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

American Dental Association

American Dental Trade Association

American Electroencephalographic Society

American Foundrymen's Society

American Hospital Association

American Industrial Hygiene Association

American Lung Association

American Medical Association

American National Standards Institute American Optometric Association

American Podiatry Association

American Psychiatric Association

American Psychoanalytic Association

American Public Health Association

American Society for Artificial Internal Organs

American Society for Medical Technology

American Society of Anesthesiologists

American Welding Society

Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation

Association of American State Boards of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine

Association of Official Analytical Chemists

Biological Stain Commission

College of American Pathologists

Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities Compressed Gas Association, Inc. Dairy and Food Industries Supply Association

Industrial Medical Association

International Nonwovens and Disposables Association

Manufacturing Chemists' Association

National Academy of Sciences—National Academy of Engineering—Institute of Medicine—National Research

Council

200
National Association of Blue Shield Plans

National Association of Hospital Purchasing Management

National Automatic Merchandising Association

National Environmental Health Association

National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses

National Formulary

National League for Nursing, Inc. National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Inc. National Swimming Pool Institute Optical Manufacturers' Association

Optical Society of America

Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Association

U.S. Pharmacopeia, Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, United States Pharmacopeial Convention

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Atomic Energy Commission

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of Food and Drug Administration

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Interior, Department of Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration

Labor, Department of Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Transportation, Department of Federal Aviation Administration Veterans Administration

SAFETY (9)

Acoustical Society of America (Biological Safety)

Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators

American Association of Poison Control Centers American Association of State Highvifay and Transportation

Officials American Automobile Association

American Boat and Yacht Council, Inc. American Bureau of Shipping

American Concrete Pipe Association

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

American Defense Preparedness Association

American Foundrymen's Society

American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. American Insurance Association

American Mining Congress

American Mutual Insurance Alliance

American National Standards Institute American Nuclear Society

American Oil Chemists' Society

American Paper Institute American Petroleum Institute American Society of Agricultural Engineers

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

American Society of Safety Engineers

American Water Works Association

American Welding Society

Associated Locksmiths of America, Inc. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation

Association of American Railroads

Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers

Association of Iron and Steel Engineers

Battery Council International

Bicycle Manufacturers' Association of America, Inc. Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. Canvas Products Association International

Chlorine Institute, Inc. Composite Can and Tube Institute Compressed Gas Association, Inc. Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers' Association

Construction Industry Manufacturers' Association

Cordage Institute

Crane Manufacturers' Association of America, Inc. Diamond Wheel Manufacturers' Institute Distilled Spirits Council of the United States, Inc. Dry Color Manufacturers' Association

Electrical Apparatus Service Association, Inc. Electrical Testing Laboratories, Inc. Factory Mutual Engineering and Research

Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute

Fertilizer Institute Fir and Hemlock Door Association

Forging Industry Association

Glass Tempering Association

Grinding Wheel Institute Gypsum Association

Hoist Manufacturers' Institute Industrial Safety Equipment Association

Industrial Truck Association

Institute of Traffic Engineers Instrument Society of America

International Association of Electrical Inspectors

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical

Officials International Conference of Building Officials International Municipal Signal Association

International Nonv^^ovens and Disposables Association

Joint Industrial Council

Juvenile Products Manufacturers' Association

Manufacturing Chemists' Association

Mechanical Contractors' Association of America, Inc. Metal Ladder Manufacturers' Association

Mill Mutual Fire Prevention Bureau

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

National Association of County Engineers

National Association of Elevator Contractors National Association of Motor Bus Owners

National Automatic Merchandising Association

National Automatic Sprinkler and Fire Control Association

National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors

National Cargo Bureau, Inc. National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances

National Electrical Contractors' Association

National Elevator Industry, Inc. National Federation of State High Schools Associations

National Fire Protection Association

National Lime Association

National Machine Tool Builders' Association

National Rifle Association of America

National Roofing Contractors' Association

National Safety Council

National Sash and Door Jobbers' Association

National Silo Association

National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Inc. National Swimming Pool Institute Optical Society of America

Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc. Packaging Machinery Manufacturers' Institute Painting and Decorating Contractors of America

Paperboard Packaging Council

Powder Actuated Tool Manufacturers' Institute, Inc. Rack Manufacturers' Institute Scaffolding and Shoring Institute Snell Memorial Foundation, Inc. Soap and Detergent Association

Society of Die Casting Engineers

Society of the Plastics Industry

Southern Building Code Congress

Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute Sports Car Club of America, Inc. Steel Deck Institute Truck Body and Equipment Association, Inc. Truss Plate Institute, Inc. Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. United Lightning Protection Association, Inc. Vehicle Equipment Safety Commission

Water Pollution Control Federation

Wood and Synthetic Flooring Institute

201
Federal Government

Atomic Energy Commission

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory

Consumer Product Safety Commission

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of Food and Drug Administration

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Interior, Department of Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration

Labor, Department of Occupational Safety and Health Administration

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Transportation, Department of Engineering and Traffic Operations, Federal Highway

Administration

Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Railroad Administration

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

United States Coast Guard

Office of Boating Safety

Office of Merchant Marine Safety Veterans Administration

HOBBIES, CRAFTS, AND PETS (10)

American Watchmakers' Institute Inc. Border Terrier Club of America

Crayon, Water Color and Craft Institute

Institute of High Fidelity

National Model Railroad Association

Photographic Society of America

Sports Car Club of America, Inc.

ATHLETIC, SPORTS AND

RECREATION (11)

Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, Inc. American Amateur Baseball Congress, Inc. American Association for Health, Physical Education, and

Recreation

American Boat and Yacht Council, Inc. American Bowling Congress

American Fishing Tackle Manufacturers' Association

American Ski Teachers' Association of Natur Teknik

Archery Manufacturers' Organization

Eastern Bird Banding Association

Family Camping Federation of America

International City Management Association

National Federation of State High Schools Associations

National Rifle Association of America

Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute United States Golf Association

Federal Government

Transportation, Department of

Office of Boating Safety, United States Coast Guard

CONSUMERISM (12)

(Including associations concerned with popular consumer

products, usually those sold over the counter, used in- or-around the home, but excluding food and drug products;

recreational boating; and including consumer services.)

American Association of Medical Milk Commissions, Inc. and Certified Milk Producers of America, Inc. American Bankers Association

American Boat and Yacht Council, Inc. American Footwear Industries Association

American Home Economics Association

American Hotel and Motel Association

American Ladder Institute American National Standards Institute American Society for Testing and Materials

American Wax Importers and Refiners' Association

Association of Bedding and Furniture Law Officials Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers

Barre Granite Association

Battery Council International

Bicycle Manufacturers' Association of America, Inc. Book Manufacturers' Institute Can Manufacturers' Institute Canvas Products Association International

Carpet and Rug Institute Coffee Brewing Center

Crayon, Water Color and Craft Institute Fir and Hemlock Door Association

Glass Container Manufacturers' Institute, Inc. Institute of High Fidelity

Jewelers Vigilance Committee

Manufacturing Chemists' Association

National Association of Bedding Manufacturers

National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, Inc. National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers

National Canners' Association

National Clay Pot Manufacturers

National Institute of Infant Services

National Lubricating Grease Institute National Model Railroad Association

National Safety Council

National Soft Drink Association

Optical Manufacturers' Association

Outdoor Power Equipment Institute Inc. Paper Stationery and Tablet Manufacturers' Association Inc. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council

Soap and Detergent Association

Society of Automotive Engineers

Thread Institute, Inc. Tire and Rim Association

Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturers' Association

Wood and Synthetic Flooring Institute

Federal Government

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Office of Engineering Standards Services

Consumer Product Safety Commission

Transportation, Department of

Office of Boating Safety, United States Coast Guard

ENVIRONMENTAL (13)

(Including pollution, in or outdoor conditions, controls, and

prevention; and any aspect of the ecological cycle.)

Acoustical and Insulating Materials Association

Acoustical Society of America

Air Pollution Control Association

American Foundrymen's Society

American Mining Congress

American National Standards Institute American Nuclear Society

American Society for Testing and Materials

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers' Association

Association of Engineering Geologists

202
Battery Council International

Chlorine Institute, Inc. Construction Industry Manufacturers' Association

Cooling Tower Institute, Inc. Dry Color Manufacturers' Association

International City Management Association

Manufacturing Chemists' Association

National Academy of Sciences—National Academy of Engineering—Institute of Medicine—National Research

Council

National Association of County Engineers

National Association of Motor Bus Owners

National Association of Recycling Industries, Inc. National Cable Television Association, Inc. National Lime Association

National Sanitation Foundation

National School Supply and Equipment Association

National Water Well Association

Rubber Reclaimers Association, Inc. Soap and Detergent Association

Water Pollution Control Federation

Federal Government

Atomic Energy Commssion

Environmental Protection Agency

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Housing and Urban Development, Department of

Interior, Department of

Office of Water Data Coordination, Geological Survey

Labor, Department of Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Transportation, Department of Engineering and Traffic Operations, Federal Highway

Administration

Federal Aviation Administration Veterans Administration

COMMUNICATION (14)

Air Transport Association

American Bankers' Association

American National Standards Institute Association of American Railroads

Graphic Communications Computer Association

International Municipal Signal Association

National Association of Broadcasters

National Audio-Visual Association, Inc. National Cable Television Association, Inc. Printing Industries of America Inc. Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics

Society for Technical Communication, Inc. Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

Special Libraries Association

Telephone Group

Traffic Audit Bureau, Inc. Transportation Data Coordinating Committee

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Rural Electrification Administration

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory

Office of Telecommunications

Federal Communications Commission

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

ENGINEERING (15)

(Including the following subclasses: Electrical and Electronics

Civil, Mechanical, Mining and Metallurgical, Chemicals, Aero

nautical. Structural, Steam Power, Hydraulic, Petroleum

Product, etc. Some of these associations are by character

also typed as trade or technical organizations.)

Acoustical Society of America

Aerospace Industries Association

Air Transport Association

American Association of Petroleum Geologists

American Association of State Highway and Transportation

Officials American Automobile Association

American Boiler Manufacturers' Association

American Bureau of .Shipping

American Chain Association

American Concrete Institute American Concrete Paving Association

American Defense Preparedness Association

American Die Casting Institute American Gear Manufacturers' Association

American Home Lighting Institute American Institute of Architects

American Institute of Chemical Engineers

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum

Engineers

American Mining Congress

American National Standards Institute American Nuclear Society

American Road Builders' Association

American Society for Metals

American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. American Society for Quality Control

American Society for Testing and Materials

American Society of Civil Engineers

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

American Society of Lubrication Engineers

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

American Society of Photogrammetry

American Society of Plumbing Engineers

American Society of Safety Engineers

American Society of Sanitary Engineering

American Vacuum Society

American Water Works Association

American Welding Society

Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers' Association

Asphalt Institute Association of Edison Illuminating Companies

Association of Engineering Geologists

Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers

Association of Iron and Steel Engineers

Brass and Bronze Ingot Institute Caster and Floor Truck Manufacturers' Association

Construction Industry Manufacturers' Association

Conveyors Equipment Manufacturers' Association

Copper Development Association Inc. Crane Manufacturers' Association of America, Inc. Diamond Wheel Manufacturers' Institute Electrical Apparatus Service Association, Inc. Electrical Generating Systems Marketing Association

Electrical Testing Laboratories, Inc. Electronic Industries Association

Expansion Joint Manufacturers' Association

Factory Mutual Engineering and Research

Farm and Industrial Equipment Institute Fluid Controls Institute Friction Materials Standards Institute, Inc. Grinding Wheel Institute Home Ventilating Institute Illuminating Engineering Society

Industrial Truck Association

Industry Service Bureaus

203
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Institute of Environmental Sciences

Institute of High Fidelity

Institute of Traffic Engineers

Insulated Power Cable Engineers' Association

International Association of Electrical Inspectors

International District Heating Association

International Mobile Air Conditioning Association, Inc. International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems

Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and

Fittings Industry

Mechanical Contractors' Association of America, Inc. Mechanical Power Transmission Association

Metal Building Manufacturers' Association

Metal Cutting Tool Institute Mobile Homes Manufacturers' Association

Monorail Manufacturers' Association

Motor Vehicle Manufacturers' Association of the United

States, Inc. National Academy of Sciences—National Academy of Engineering—Institute of Medicine—National Research

Council

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

National Association of County Engineers

National Association of Elevator Contractors

National Association of Motor Bus Owners

National Association of Relay Manufacturers

National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors

National Cable Television Association, Inc. National Clay Pipe Institute National Elevator Industry, Inc. National Environmental Systems Contractors Association

National Fluid Power Association, Inc. National Machine Tool Builders' Association

National Water Well Association

Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, Inc. Packaging Machinery Manufacturers' Institute Pipe Fabrication Institute Pipe Line Contractors' Association

Plumbing and Drainage Institute Powder Actuated Tool Manufacturers' Institute, Inc. Rack Manufacturers' Institute Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics

Society for Information Display

Society of Allied Weight Engineers, Inc. Society of Automotive Engineers

Society of Manufacturing Engineers

Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers

Standards Engineers Society

Steel Deck Institute Steel Founders' Society of America

Steel Joist Institute Telephone Group

Test Boring Association, Inc. Truck Body and Equipment Association, Inc. Truck Trailer Manufacturers' Association Truss Plate Institute, Inc. Ultrasonic Manufacturers' Association, Inc. Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc. United Lightning Protection Association, Inc. Vehicle Equipment Safety Commission

Water Systems Council

Welding Research Council

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Rural Electrification Administration

Commerce, Department of Maritime Administration

National Bureau of Standards

Office of Engineering Standards Services

Office of Telecommunications

Defense, Department of

Federal Communications Commission

Housing and Urban Development, Department of Interdepartmental Screw Thread Committee, NBS

Interior, Department of Bonneville Power Administration

Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Transportation, Department of Engineering and Traffic Operations, Federal Highway

Administration

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIALS (16)

(Including materials such as wire fabrics and those to be

processed; associations that represent architects, contractors, manufacturers, inspectors and inspection services and grading

of materials; products that are utilized in building structures

as well as in any type of construction and construction

applications; and tools and equipment used in construction.)

Acoustical and Insulating Materials Association

American Concrete Institute American Hardboard Association

American Home Lighting Institute American Hot Dip Galvanizers Association

American Institute of Architects

American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. American Institute of Timber Construction

American Iron and Steel Institute American Lumber Standards Committee

American National Standards Institute American Plywood Association

American Society for Testing and Materials

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning

Engineers

American Society of Plumbing Engineers

American Welding Society

American Wood Preservers' Association

American Wood Preservers' Bureau

Architectural Precast Association

Architectural Woodwork Institute Asbestos Textile Institute Asphalt Institute Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers' Association

Association of Iron and Steel Engineers

Brick Institute of America

Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. Ceilings and Interior Systems Contractors' Association

Chain Link Fence Manufacturers' Institute Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute Construction Industry Manufacturers' Association

Construction Specifications Institute Expanded Shale Clay and Slate Institute Facing Tile Institute Fine Hardwoods-American Walnut Association

Finnish Plywood Development Association

Fir and Hemlock Door Association

Flat Glass Marketing Association

Gypsum Association

Gypsum Roof Deck Foundation

Hardwood Dimension Manufacturers' Association

Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers' Association

Illuminating Engineering Society

Indiana Limestone Institute of America, Inc. International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials International Association of Wall and Ceiling Contractors

International Conference of Building Officials International District Heating Association

Lead Industries Association

Maple Flooring Manufacturers' Association

Marble Institute of America

Mechanical Contractors' Association of America, Inc.

204
Metal Building Manufacturers' Association

Mo-Sai Institute Inc. National Academy of Sciences—National Academy of Engineering—Institute of Medicine—National Research

Council

National Concrete Masonry Association

National Crushed Stone Association

National Electrical Contractors' Association

National Elevator Industry, Inc. National Environmental Systems Contractors' Association

National Fire Protection Association

National Forest Products Association

National Hardwood Lumber Association

National Mineral Wool Insulation Association, Inc. National Oak Flooring Manufacturers' Association

National Particleboard Association

National Roofing Contractors' Association

National Sand and Gravel Association

National Slag Association

National Terrazzo and Mosaic Association, Inc. National Woodwork Manufacturers' Association

North American Lumber Association

Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers' Association

Northern Hardwood and Pine Manufacturers' Association, Inc. Perlite Institute Pipe Line Contractors' Association

Powder Actuated Tool Manufacturers' Institute, Inc. Red Cedar Shingle and Handsplit Shake Bureau

Redwood Inspection Service

Resilient Tile Institute Scaffolding and Shoring Institute Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National

Association

Southern Building Code Congress

Southern Cypress Manufacturers' Association

Southern Hardwood Lumber Manufacturers' Association

Southern Pine Inspection Bureau

Steel Deck Institute Steel Door Institute Steel Joist Institute Steel Window Institute Stucco Manufacturers' Association

Thermal Insulation Manufacturers' Association, Inc. Tile Council of America, Inc. Truss Plate Institute, Inc. West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

Western Wood Moulding and Millwork Producers

Western Wood Products Association

Wire Reinforcement Institute Wood and Synthetic Flooring Institute Zinc Institute

Federal Government

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Office of Engineering Standards Services

Defense, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Labor, Department of Occupational Safety and Health Administration

AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING

(ADP) (17)

American Bankers' Association

American Feed Manufacturers' Association

American National Standards Institute Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers' Association

Construction Specifications Institute Council of National Library Associations Data Processing Management Association

Graphic Communications Computer Association

National Association of Blue Shield Plans

Society for Information Display

Transportation Data Coordinating Committee

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Departmental Information Processing Standards

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Office of ADP Standards Management

INDUSTRIAL

(TECHNICAL AND TRADE) (18)

Abrasive Grain Association

Acoustical and Insulating Materials Association

Adhesive and Sealant Council

Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute Air Diffusion Council

Air Moving and Conditioning Association

Alumina Ceramic Manufacturers' Association

Aluminum Association

American Association of Advertising Agencies and the Magazine Publishers Association's Joint Committee on Magazine Advertising Reproduction

American Ceramic Society, Inc. American Concrete Pipe Association

American Congress on Surveying and Mapping

American Council of Independent Laboratories, Inc. American Defense Preparedness Association

American Electroplaters' Society

American Footwear Industries Association

American Foundrymen's Society

American Gas Association

American Gem Society

American Hardboard Association

American Hot Dip Galvanizers' Association

American Hotel and Motel Association

American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. American Institute of Timber Construction

American Insurance Association

American Iron and Steel Institute American Ladder Institute American Leather Chemists' Association

American Lumber Standards Committee

American Paper Institute American Petroleum Institute American Plywood Association

American Society for Abrasive Methods • American Society of Cinematographers

American Society of Electroplated Plastics, Inc. American Wax Importers and Refiners' Association

American Wood Inspection Agency

American Wood-Preservers' Association

American Wood-Preservers' Bureau

Architectural Precast Association

Architectural Woodwork Institute Asbestos Textile Institute Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers' Association

Associated Cooperage Industries of America, Inc. Associated Locksmiths of America, Inc. Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of America

Baking Industry Sanitation Standards Committee

Barre Granite Association

Battery Council International

Bicycle Manufacturers' Association of America, Inc. Bituminous Pipe Institute Book Manufacturers' Institute Brick Institute of America

Builders Hardware Manufacturers' Association

Building Owners and Managers' Association International

Can Manufacturers' Institute

205
Canvas Products Association International

Carpet and Rug Institute Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute Ceilings and Interior Systems Contractors Association

Cemented Carbide Producers' Association

Chain Link Fence Manufacturers' Institute Chemical Specialties Manufacturers' Association

CoflFee Brewing Center

Color Association of the United States, Inc. Composite Can and Tube Institute Compressed Gas Association, Inc. Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute Construction Specifications Institute Contractors Pump Bureau

Cooling Tower Institute, Inc. Cordage Institute Cotton Warehouse Association of America

DFA of California

Dairy and Food Industries Supply Association

Door Operator and Remote Controls Manufacturers'

Association

Dry Color Manufacturers' Association

Edison Electric Institute Elastic Fabric Manufacturers' Council of Northern Textile

Association

Electrical Apparatus Service Association, Inc. Expanded Shale Clay and Slate Institute Expansion Anchor Manufacturers' Institute Facing Tile Institute Federation of Societies for Paint Technology

Felt Manufacturers' Council of Northern Textile Association

Fibre Box Association

Fine Hardwoods-American Walnut Association

Flat Glass Marketing Association

Forging Industry Association

Gas Appliance Manufacturers' Association

Gemological Institute of America

Glass Tempering Association

Gray and Ductile Iron Founders' Society Inc. Gypsum Association

Gypsum Roof Deck Foundation

Hack and Band Saw Manufacturers' Association

Hardwood Dimension Manufacturers' Association

Hardwood Plywood Manufacturers' Association

Hoist Manufacturers' Institute Indiana Limestone Institute of America, Inc. Industrial Diamond Association of America, Inc. Industrial Fasteners Institute Industrial Safety Equipment Association

Institute of Printed Circuits

Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel Instrument Society of America

Inter-Society Color Council

International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental

Sanitarians

International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical

Officials International Association of Wall and Ceiling Contractors

International Municipal Signal Association

International Nonwovens & Disposables Association Investment Casting Institute Jewelers Vigilance Committee

Joint Industrial Council

Juvenile Products Manufacturers' Association

Lead Industries Association

Library Binding Institute Magnetic Materials Producers' Association

Malleable Founders' Society

Manufacturing Chemists' Association

Marking Device Association

Material Handling Institute, Inc. Metal Cookware Manufacturers' Association

Metal Ladder Manufacturers' Association

Metal Powder Industries Federation

Metal Tube Packaging Council of North America

Milk Bottle Crate Manufacturers' Council

Mo-Sai Institute Inc. National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturers

National Association ol Bedding Manufacturers

National Association of Broadcasters

National Association of Food Chains

National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, Inc. National Association of Glue Manufacturers

National Association of Metal Name Plate Manufacturers, Inc. National Association of Pipe Coating Applicators

National Association of Plastic Fabricators

National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors National Association of Wiping Cloth Manufacturers

National Audio-Visual Association, Inc. National Automatic Merchandising Association

National Automatic Sprinkler and Fire Control Association

National Builders' Hardware Association

National Cargo Bureau, Inc. National Clay Pot Manufacturers

National Concrete Masonry Association

National Cottonseed Products Association

National Crushed Stone Association

National Electrical Contractors' Association

National Electrical Manufacturers' Association

National Fire Protection Association

National Flaxseed Processors' Association

National Forest Products Association

National Hardwood Lumber Association

National Industrial Leather Association

National Lime Association

National Lubricating Grease Institute National Microfilm Association

National Mineral Wool Insulation Association, Inc. National Oak Flooring Manufacturers' Association

National Paper Box Association

National Particleboard Association

National Printing Ink Research Institute National Retail Merchants' Association

National Roofing Contractors' Association

National Sand and Gravel Association

National Sash and Door Jobbers' Association

National Scale Men's Association

National Slag Association

National Soft Drink Association

National Swimming Pool Institute National Terrazzo and Mosaic Association, Inc. National Wholesale Hardware Association

National Wooden Pallet and Container Association

National Woodwork Manufacturers' Association

Natural Gas Processors' Association

North American Lumber Association

Northeastern Lumber Manufacturers' Association

Northern Hardwood and Pine Manufacturers' Association, Inc. Painting and Decorating Contractors of America

Paper Stationery and Tablet Manufacturers' Association, Inc. Paperboard Packaging Council

Perlite Institute Photo Chemical Machining Institute Photographic Society of America

Polyurethane Manufacturers' Association Pressure Sensitive Tape Council

Printing Industries of America Inc. Pulverized Limestone Association

Railway Tie Association

Red Cedar Shingle and Handsplit Shake Bureau

Redwood Inspection Service

Refractories Institute Resilient Tile Institute Resistance Welder Manufacturers' Association

Rubber Manufacturers' Association

Rubber Reclaimers' Association, Inc. Salt Institute Scaffolding and Shoring Institute Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors' National

Association

Soap and Detergent Association

Society of Die Casting Engineers

206
Society of the Plastics Industry

Southern Cypress Manufacturers' Association

Southern Hardwood Lumber Manufacturers' Association

Southern Pipe Inspection Bureau

Specialty Wire Association

Sports Car Club of America, Inc. Spring Manufacturers' Institute Sprinkler Irrigation Association

Steatite Manufacturers' Association

Steel Bar Mills Association

Steel Door Institute Steel Shipping Container Institute Steel Structures Painting Council

Steel Window Institute Stucco Manufacturers' Association

Sump Pump Manufacturers' Association Tanners' Council of America

Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry

Thermal Insulation Manufacturers' Association, Inc. Thread Institute, Inc. Tile Council of America, Inc. Tin Research Institute, Inc. Tire and Rim Association

Vacuum Cleaner Manufacturers' Association

Variable Resistive Components Institute Water Conditioning Foundation

West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau

Western Wood Moulding and Millwork Producers

Western Wood Products Association

Whey Products Institute Wire Reinforcement Institute Wood and Synthetic Flooring Institute Zinc Institute

TEXTILES AND FABRICS,

AND CLOTHING (19)

(Including upholstery, yarns, fibers, tire cords, nonwoven

fabrics, and bedding materials.)

American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists American Home Economics Association

American National Standards Institute American Society for Testing and Materials

Association of Bedding and Furniture Law Officials Book Manufacturers' Institute Canvas Products Association International

Color Association of the United States, Inc. Elastic Fabric Manufacturers' Council of Northern Textile

Association

Felt Manufacturers' Council of Northern Textile Association

International Nonwovens and Disposables Association

National Association of Bedding Manufacturers

National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, Inc. National Association of Hosiery Manufacturers

National Association of Wiping Cloth Manufacturers

National Knitwear Manufacturers' Association

National Retail Merchants' Association Tanners' Council of America

Thread Institute, Inc.

Federal Government

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Office of Engineering Standards Services

SANITATION (20)

American Association of Cereal Chemists

American Concrete Pipe Association

American National Standards Institute

American Society of Sanitary Engineering

Baking Industry Sanitation Standards Committee

Can Manufacturers Institute Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute Dairy and Food Industries Supply Association

Family Camping Federation of America

Food Processing Machinery and Supplies Association

International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental

Sanitarians

Linen Supply Association of America

National Association of Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors National Automatic Merchandising Association

National Canners' Association

National Clay Pipe Institute National Environmental Health Association

National Institute of Infant Services

National Sanitation Foundation

National Soft Drink Association

Plumbing and Drainge Institute Soap and Detergent Association

Water Pollution Control Federation

Whey Products Institute

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Housing and Urban Development, Department of

PUBLIC INTEREST (21)

(Including social welfare)

American Association of Poison Control Centers American Library Association

Association for Education of the Visually Handicapped

Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. Family Camping Federation of America

International City Management Association

International Conference of Building Officials National Accreditation Council

National Automobile Theft Bureau

National Easter Seal Society for Crippled Children and Adults

National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses

National Formulary

National Safety Council

National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Inc. Special Libraries Association

Water Systems Council

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Consumer Product Safety Commission

Environmental Protection Agency

Federal Communications Commission

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Labor, Department of Transportation, Department of Treasury, Department of Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms

ENERGY (22)

American Association of Petroleum Geologists

American Gas Association

American National Standards Institute American Nuclear Society

207
American Society for Testing and Materials

Association of Edison Illuminating Companies

Atomic Industrial Forum

Electrical Generating Systems Marketing Association

Illuminating Engineering Society

International District Heating Association

National Electrical Manufacturers' Association

Natural Gas Processors Association

Federal Government

Atomic Energy Commission

Interior, Department of Bonneville Power Administration

Paper Stationery and Tablet Manufacturers' Association, Inc. Paperboard Packaging Council

Pressure Sensitive Tape Council

Printing Industries of America Inc. Society of the Plastics Industry

Steel Shipping Container Institute, Inc. Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry

Western Wooden Box Association

Federal Government

Commerce, Department of National Bureau of Standards

Office of Engineering Standards Services

Joint Committee on Printing, Congress of the United States

PACKAGING AND PAPER (23)

(Including paper products, and all other packaging and

wrapping materials; containers, crates and boxes; and

packaging machinery.)

American National Standards Institute American Oil Chemists' Society

American Paper Institute American Society for Testing and Materials

Anti-Friction Bearing Manufacturers' Association

Chemical Specialties Manufacturers' Association

Composite Can and Tube Institute Fibre Box Association

Food Processing Machinery and Supplies Association

Glass Container Manufacturers' Institute, Inc. Gummed Industries Association, Inc. Manufacturing Chemists' Association

Metal Tube Packaging Council of North America

National Association of Food Chains

National Canners' Association

National Cottonseed Products Association

National Paper Box Association

National School Supply and Equipment Association

National Soft Drink Association

National Wooden Pallet & Container Association

Packaging Machinery Manufacturers' Institute

INSTRUMENTATION, AND MEASUREMENT

AND WEIGHING DEVICES (24)

American Hospital Association

American National Standards Institute Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation

Cooling Tower Institute, Inc. Industrial Safety Equipment Association Instrument Society of America

National Scale Men's Association

Optical Society of America

Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics

Scientific Apparatus Makers' Association

United States Testing Company, Inc.

Federal Government

Agriculture, Department of Packers and Stockyards Administration

Atomic Energy Commission

Commerce, Department of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine

Environmental Metrology

National Conference on Weights and Measures, NBS

Treasury, Department of Bureau of Customs

208
5.2. Subject Index

This is a subject index of key words extracted from

the summaries of organizations included in this Directory. It is a key word(s) approach to any standards

or standards-related activities or other important activities within the scope of the organizations. Since the

full association names appear in the text of the Directory, only the key words in the association names

appear in the subject index. The exceptions are for

affiliated organizations, and for the names of state and

Federal agencies. The states are indexed by name only; no key words were extracted from the state summaries.

The Federal agencies are indexed after the pattern for

the associations but, in addition, are indexed under the

departments and their primary agencies, as well as the

independent agencies. Page numbers refer to the page

on which the summary begins and not necessarily to the page on which the key word(s) appear.

Page Abrasive Methods 36

Abrasives 3, 36, 79, 157 Absorption and Mass Spectroscopy 39, 40

Abstract Writing 26

Accident Prevention 26

Accident Reports—Railroad 195 Accounting 61, 111 Accounting, Cost 25

Accounting Practices—Dental Trade 19 Accreditation Council 107

Acoustical and Insulating Materials 39, 40

Acoustical Materials 3 Acoustics 4, 75

Acoustics (SI) 4 Adhesives 4,39,40,79,157

Adhesives and Sealants

ADP Standards Management 182

Advertising 8, 98

Advertising—Outdoor 159 Advisory Commission on Textbook Specifications 59

Aerial Photography 44

Aeromedical Standards 195 Aeronautics 4

Aerosols 63

Aerospace Data Systems 4, 192

Aggregates 77, 133, 142, 168 Aggregates—Minerals 38, 39, 40

Agricultural Engineering 40

Agricultural Marketing Service 177

Agriculture, Department of 176

Air and Water Programs 185

Air-Conditioners 55

Air-Conditioning 6,42,75,94,112,121,146

Air-Conditioning Systems 197 Air Ducts 5 Air Moving Devices 6

Air Pollution Control 6

Air Traffic Control 195

Airborne Contaminants 189

Airborne Respirable Chest Concentrations 189

Aircraft 4, 148, 194

Aircraft Locknut Manufacturers' Association 88

Airfields 49

Airports 35 Airspace Utilization 195

Alarm Systems—Fire 103 Alarms 122

Alcohol 196

Allied Weight Engineers 147 Alloys—Metal 25

Page Alloys—Steel Bars 26

Alloys—Tin 159 Alumina Ceramic 7 Aluminum 7 Aluminum Wares 102 AM and FM Tuners 90

Ambulances 159 X60

American National Standards ' 29

Ammunition 151^ 152

Amplifier Distortions—TV ' H6

Amplifiers 90

Analysis—Seeds 55

Analysts—Psychoanalysis 35

Analytical Chemists 55 Anchors, Concrete 77 Anesthesia—Gas 66

Anesthesiology 4,1 Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 178 Animal Drugs 187 Animal Feeds 20, 51 Animal Glues HO

Animal Health Technicians 54

Animal Nutrition 105 Animal Welfare 178 Animals—Pet Dogs 59

Annunciators 91 Antennas—Mobile 181, 182

Anti-Friction Bearings 48

Antibiotic Drugs 187

Antifreezes—Engines 39, 40

Apparel 23, 130

Apparel—Protective Headgear 146 Appearance Tests 39, 40

Appliances 75 Appliances—Gas 81 Appliances—Gas-Burning 21 Appliances—Household 23

Appraising—Diamonds 82

Archery 48

Architects/Architecture 25

Architectural Glass and Aluminum 75

Architectural Metal Manufacturers 107

Architectural Precast Concrete 49

Architectural Woodwork 49

Arizona, State of 169 Armament Systems 19 Armheld Carriers 96

Aromatic and Flavor Materials 76

Arrows and Bows 48

Arsenic 188 Arsine 188

Art Materials 71

Artificial Internal Organs 36

Artificial Limbs and Braces 13 Asbestos 38, 39, 40, 49, 188 Asbestos-Cement Products 39, 40

Asphalt Applications 77 Asphalt Roofing 49

Asphahs 49

Athletic Equipment 122

Athletic Rules and Events 122

Athletic Sports 7 Atmospheric Analysis 39, 40

Atomic Energy Commission 180 Atomic Industry 57

Attic Space Ventilators 85

Audio-Visuals 114

Audiology 14 Automated Clearing Houses—Banking 13 Automatic Data Processing 176, 182, 183 Automatic Door Operators 73 Automatic Merchandising 114 Automobile Thefts 115 Automobiles 12,105,148,196

Automobiles—Sports Cars 152 Automotive Electrical Components 159, 160

Automotive Engineering 148

209
Page Automotive—Friction Materials 81 Automotive/Mechanical 75

Aviation 194

Aviation Electronics 142

B

Baby Cribs 183, 184

Baby Services 125 Back Carriers, Rigid Frame 96

Bacteriological Standards 28

Baking Industry Sanitation 57 Baking Utensils 23

Bale Preparations (Cotton) 70

Ball and Roller Bearings 48

Balls, Golf 163

Band Saws 84

Banding—Birds 74

Bank Cards 13 Bankers 13 Banking 13 Banking Procedures 163

Bar Supports—Concrete 67

Barbers 50

Barges, Tank—Chlorine 64

Barre Granite 57

Barrels 50

Barriers—Roadside 195

Bars—Steel 154

Baseballs 8 Bathing Facilities 189

Bathtubs 197

Batteries 57

Beams—Shoring 145

Bearing Steels 38,39,40

Bearings 55, 159

Beauticians 50

Bedding 54,107

Bedding Materials—Hospitals 23

Behavioral Sciences 105,106

Bellows Expansion Joints 77

Belt Drives 101 Benzene 188 Beryllium 188 Beverages—Spirits 196 Bibliographic References and Entries 70

Bicycle Manufacturers 58

Bicycles 183,184

Bikeways 165 Binders 97

Binding, Book 59, 70, 14, 15, 191 Bioacoustics 4, 105, 106

Bioanalysts 9 Biochemistry 31

Biological Research 58

Biological Stains 58

Biologies 108

Biologies—Veterinary 179

Biomechanics 105, 106

Biomedical Devices 36

Birch Plywood 84

Bird Banding and Breeding Studies 74

Bituminous Materials for Highway Construction 38, 39

Bituminous Pipes 58

Blast Furnaces 90

Blind, Instructors for the 51 Blind and Visually Handicapped—Library Services 27

Blind and Visually Handicapped—Schools and Agencies 107 Blue Shield Plans 108

Board of Standards Review

American National Standards 27 Boating Safety 194

Boats 14,149,194

BOCA Codes 60

Body Measurements 23

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors 115

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Plates 38,39,40

Page Boiler Codes 43

Boilers—Heating 14

Bonneville Power Administration 190

Book Binders 97

Books 59

Border Terriers 59

Boring, Test 157

Bottlers 133

Bottles—Soft Drink 82

Bowling 15 Bows and Arrows 48

Box-Covering Papers 129

Boxes—Fibreboard 79

Boxes—Paper and Paperboard 129

Boxes, Wooden 167

Boxsprings 107

Brain Trauma Research 146

Brake Drums 165

Brake Linings and Shoes 81 Brakes 55, 160

Brandy and Wine 168

Brass 59,69

Brazing 49

Breath Testers—Evident Alcohol 181, 182

Breathing Machinery—Components 41 Breeding Studies—Birds 74

Bricks 60

Bricks—Glazed 77 Bridge Inspections 169

Broadcasters 108 Bronze 59 Bronze Ingots 59

Buckles and Ties—Cotton Bales 70

Builders Hardware 60, 75, 116

Building Board 129

Building Codes 150

Building Construction 39, 40

Building Officials 60,94

Building Owners and Managers 61

Building Planning Service 61

Building Security 50

Building Stone 38,39,40

Building Stone—Limestone 86

Buildings—Concrete 16 Buildings—Metal 102

Buildings—Structural Steel 25

Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms 196 Bureau of Customs 196 Burglar Alarm Systems—Switches 181, 182 Burner Fuels Buses—Motor 111 Business Equipment 66

Butter 177 Buyers—Purchasing Agents 113

c

Cabinet X-Ray Systems 188

Cable, Electric 75 Cable Television 116

Cables 54

Cables and Wires 94

Cables—Flexible Flat 90

Cables—Insulated Power 91 Cadmium 188

Calibration 183

Calibration Laboratories—Information 193

Campgrounds 78

Camping 78

Camping Products—Canvas 61

Cancer Programs 16 Canning Machinery 81

Cans 61, 65, 116

Canvas Products 61 Car Seats 96

Carbide Cutting Tools 63

Carbon Black 39, 40

210
Page Carbon Monoxide 188

Carbonated Beverages 133

Carbonated Solf Drink Bottles 82

Carcinogen 191 Cardiac Valves 51 Cargo Ship Construction 180, 181 Cargoes

Carpeting 62, 175

Carpets 197

Carriages and Strollers 96

Carriers, Armheld 96 Cars 196

Cartography 18 Cartons 138

Cased Borings 157 Casein 39,40

Cassette Recorders—Lapse Time Counters 114

Cast Iron Soil Pipes 62

Cast Metallics 21 Cast Metals 148

Casters 62

Casting 96

Casting—Iron 82

Catheters 51 Cats—Welfare 178,179

Ceiling/Floor Assemblies 3

Ceilings 3, 62

Ceilings and Walls 93

Cellulose 39,40

Cement 39,40

Cemented Carbide Producers 63

Ceramic Compositions 153

Ceramic Educational Council 15 Ceramic Materials 39, 40

Ceramic Tile 158

Ceramics 15 Ceramics—High Alumina 7 Cereal Chemistry 9

Cereal Sciences 9

Certification Services 75

Certified Milk 10 Chain Link Fences 63

Chains 16,38,39,40

Chalk 71 Chambers of Commerce 163 Change Rooms 189

Checks—Bank 13 Cheeses 177 Chemical Analysis of Metal 39, 40

Chemical Engineering 25

Chemical Feeding Equipment 165 Chemical Specialties 63

Chemicals and Chemical Compounds 17 Chemicals—Industrial 39, 40

Child Psychoanalysis 35

Chimneys—Concrete 16 Chlorine 64

Chromic Acid 188

Chrysotile Asbestos Fibre 49

Cigars 196

Cinematographers 41

Circuitry 90

Circuits—Pneumatic 91

City Laws 129

City Management 93

Civil Engineering 41 Clay 77 Clay and Concrete Pipe and Tile 38

Clay, Modeling 71 Clay Pipes 117 Clay Pots—Flower 117 Cleaners—Vacuum 164

Cleaning Compounds 163 Clearinghouse for Standards 29

Clerical Operations, Methods-Time-Measurement 97

Clinical Chemistry 9

Clinical Laboratories—Quality Assurance 64

Page Clinical Laboratory Tests and Practices 36

Clocks 46

Clocks—Spacecraft 192

Closures, Container 82

Clothing—Police 181 182

Clubs, Golf 163

Clutch Facings 81 Coal 39,40

Coal Mine Dust Personal Sampler Units 188 Coal Mine Health 189 Coal Mines 190 Coast Guard, United States 193 Coatings _ 39,40

Coatings—Decorative and Protective 79

Coatings—Electroplated and Metallic 20

Coatings—Pipes 112 Coatings—Steel Structures 155 Code Administrators 60

Coding—Packaging 159

Coffee Brewing and Coffee Grinds 64

Coffeemakers 64

Coinage 196

Coke 39,40

Coke Oven Emissions 188

Color 65

Color Additives 186

Color Council 92

Color—Dry 74

Color Materials 71 Color Standards—Paper 191

Colorado, State of 169

Colorants 65

Colored-Stone Evaluation 82

Colorimetry 92

Colorists 12 Colour Index 12 Combustible Solids 122 Commerce, Department of 180

Commercial Food Preparation, Service and Equipment _ 110

Commercial Practices 163

Commercial Standards 181 Commodities—Fruit 59

Commodity Coding 159 Communication Equipment 181, 182 Communications 147, 185 Communications—Air Transport Networks 6 Communications—Highway 11 Company Member Council—ANSI 29

Composite Cans and Tubes 65

Compressed Gases 66

Computer and Business Equipment 66

Computers 72 Concrete 16,17,39,40

Concrete Aggregates 118 Concrete and Clay Pipe and Tile 39, 40

Concrete Masonry 118 Concrete Pipes 17 Concrete—Precast Architectural 104 Concrete Reinforcing 67 Concrete Reinforcing Steel 39, 40

Concrete, Structural—Lightweight 77 Conditioning—Water 165

Connecticut, State of 169

Consensus, National—ANSI 29

Construction/Building 15 Construction Equipment and Supplies 67

Construction Industry 68

Construction—Mobile Homes 104

Consumer Council—ANSI 29

Consumer Product Safety Commission 183, 184

Consumer Products 183 Contact Lenses 136

Contacts 38,39,40

Containers 135, 143

Containers—Barrels 50

Containers—Cans 61, 116

Containers—Cargo 116

211
Page

Containers for Animals 178

Containers for Distilled Spirits 73

Containers—Glass 82

Containers—Industrial Metal 101 Containers—Shipping 109, 155

Containers Used to Transport Food Products 109

Containers—Wooden Boxes 167

Contractors, Electrical 119

Contractors—Heating, Air Conditioning

and Refrigeration 121

Contractors—Mechanical 101 Contractors Pumps 68

Control Devices 91

Control Surveying 18 Control Valves 80

Control—Weight 147

Controls 38

Converting Machinery—Packaging 137 Conveyors 68, 101 Cooking 23

Cookware 102

Cooling Contractors 112 Cooling Towers 68

Cooperage 50

Copper and Copper Alloys 39, 40, 69

Cordage 69

Core Drilling 157

Com Refiners 70

Corrosion Engineers 108

Corrosion Protection 24

Corrosion Tests 39, 40

Corrugated and Solid Fibreboard 79

Cosmetics 55, 186

Cost Records 109 Cotton 177 Cotton Dust 188 Cotton Warehouses 70

Cottonseed Products 118

County Engineers 109

Crafts 71 Cranes 55, 71 Crates 103,167

Crayons 71

Credit Cards 13 Crib Mattresses 96

Cribs, Full Size 96

Cribs, Juvenile 96

Crippled Children and Adults 119

Cross Ties 143

Crude Petroleum 39,40

Crushed Stone 118 Cryogenic Gas 135

Crystallography 18

Culverts 17 Custom HolloviT Metal Doors and Frames 107

Customs 196

Cutting Oils 39,40

Cutting Tools 63

Cycles—Motor Driven 165

Cypress

D

Dairy Equipment 92

Dairy Product Examination 35

Dairy Products—MQk 10

Dairy Supplies and Equipment 72 Data Interchange—Banks 13 Data Processing Management 72 Decking—Particleboard 129 Decking—Roof 130

Decking—Steel 154

Decorating—Workmanship 137

Defense, Department of 184, 185 Defense Materiels 184, 185 Defense Preparedness 19 Dehumidifiers 55

Page Dental Materials 19

Dental Trade 19

Dentistry 19

Derricks 71

Detectors—Weapon 181 Detergents 147 Devices—Dental 19 Devices—Medical 13 Diagnostic X-Ray 187

Dialyzers 51

Diamond Appraising and Cutting 82

Diamond Walnuts 73

Diamond Wheels 73

Diamonds—Industrial 86

Diaper Services 125

Die Cast Metals 38,39

Die Castings 19, 148

Die Forgings 81

Dies 102, 189

DifFusers—Ceiling 5 Disinfectants 63

Disposables 95

Disposal Systems—Sewerage 189

Distilled Spirits 73

Distribution Lines—Electric

District Heating Systems

Documentation

DODISS 184,185

Dog Clubs—Pure Breds 59

Dogs—Welfare 178,179

Door Jambs and Frames 167

Door Locks, Magnetic 197

Door Operators 73 Doors 80, 132, 135 Doors—Steel 154

Drainage 140

Drainage—Highway 195

Dressing Tables—Juvenile 96

Dried Fruits 71 Drinking Water

Driver Licensing 189

Drums—Steel Dry Cleaning and Washing 97

Dry Color 74

Dry Goods 130

Dry Milk 92

Drywall and Its Taping 93

Duct Construction 146

Dumwaiters 109,121

Duplicating—Paper 191 Dust Explosion Hazards

Dwelling Requirements 189

Dyes 12 E

Earth Moving Vehicles 148

Earth Sciences 105

Edison Electric 74

Edison Illuminating 54

Education 119

Educators 119

Elastic Fabrics 74

Elastomers—Thermosetting 140

Electric Facilities 177

Electric Fuse Manufacturers' Build 88

Electric Generators—Ultrasonic 161

Electric Motors 75

Electric Ranges 23

Electric Systems 177

Electric Utility Equipment 74

Electrical 122

Electrical and Electronics Engineers 88

Electrical Apparatus 190

Electrical Apparatus Services 75

Electrical Cables—Insulated Power 91

Electrical Conductors 39, 40

212
Page Electrical Contractors 119

Electrical/Electronic 75

Electrical Generating Systems and Marketing 75

Electrical Inspectors 92

Electrical Insulating Materials 39, 40

Electrical Manufacturers 120

Electrical Systems—Mobile Homes 104

Electrical Systems—Truck Trailers 160

Electrical Testing 75

Electricity 54

Electrification 177

Electroacoustics 4

Electrodeposited Metallic Coatings 38, 39

Electroencephalography 20

Electron Devices—Materials 39, 40

Electron Diffractions 18

Electronic Data Interchange 159

Electronic Product Radiation Control 187

Electronics 76

Electronics and Electrical Engineers 88

Electroplated Coatings 20

Electroplated Plastics 42

Elevators 109,121

Emergency Equipment —181, 182

Emissions 39, 40

End Mills 102

Energy Research—Atomic 57 Engine Antifreezes 39, 40

Engine Tests 39, 40

Engineering and Traffic Operations 195

Engineering—Chemical 25

Engineering—Electrical and Electronics 88

Engineering Geologists 55 Engineering Practices and Processes 184, 185 Engineering Standards 181 Engines—Aircraft 193

Enologists 42

Entomology 76

Environmental Health 121 Environmental Protection Agency 185

Environmental Sciences—Equipment Operations 89

Enzymes 9

Equipment 184, 184

Equipment—Aircraft 4 Equipment (Aircraft) —Communications 6

Equipment and Appliances—Gas 81

Equipment and Machinery—Electrical 75 Equipment—Dairy 92

Equipment Maintenance 190

Equipment Operation 89

Escalators 109,121

Essential Oils 76

Etchings—Photo 139

Evidential Breath Alcohol Testers 181 Exchangers 161 Executive Standards Council—ANSI 29

Expansion Anchors 77 Expansion Joints 77

Explosives 122,196

Exports—Imports, Animals and Poultry 178

Extinguishing Systems 122

Extruded and Tubular Products 7 Eye Protection 31

Eye Safety 133 Eyewrashes 197

F

Fabrics 12,39,40

Fabrics—Canvas 61

Fabrics—Elastic 74

Facing Tiles 77

Factory-Built Housing 104

Factory Mutual System 77 Fans—Exhaust 85

Fans

Pov/er and Centrifugal 6

Farm and Industrial Equipment 78

Page Farm Products 177

Fasteners—Industrials 86

Fatigue 39,40

Federal Aviation Administration 194

Federal Catalog Systems 185, 186 Federal Communications Commission 185 Federal Highway Administration 195 Federal Housing Administration 189

Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 182,183

Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 196

Federal Railroad Administration 195

Federal Specifications and Standards 185, 186

Federal Standards and Specifications—Information 182

Feed 40,51,55

Feed—Animal 20

Felts 40,79 Fences—Chain Link 63

Ferro-Alloys 39, 40 Ferrous and Nonferrous Minerals—Initial Processing 25 Ferrous Castings 39,40

Ferrous Filler Metals 38, 39 Ferrous Foundry Industry 82

Fertilizers 79

Fiber Boxes 79

Fiber Cans 65

Fiber Ropes 69

Fiberboard 129

Fibers 39,40

FibreSee Fibers

Fibrous Glass 188

Field and Track 7

Fields 35

Filing Systems for Product Data 25

Filler Metals, Nonferrous 39

Filling Materials—Bedding 54

Film (Radiographic) —Dental 19 Filters—Water 165

Finishes—Aluminum 7 Finnish Plywood 33

FIPS Publications 182,183

Fir and Hemlock Doors 80

Fire Alarm Systems—Municipal 94

Fire Apparatus 159, 160

Fire Control and Protection 115

Fire Extinguishers 194

Fire Extinguishing 197

Fire Prevention 103, 149

Fire Prevention and Protection 29

Fire Prevention Code 26

Fire Protection 197

Fire Pumps 122

Fire Radio Services 94

Fire-Rated Custom Metal Doors and Frames 107

Fire Tests 39,40

Firearms 151, 196 Firearms—Rifles 130 Fishing Tackle 20

Fittings and Valves 98

Fixtures—Lighting 23

Flammability Codes for Camping Tents 61 Flammable Fabrics 183, 184

Flammable Liquids 122

Flanges, Valves and Fittings 98

Flat Glass 80

Flaxseed Processors 122

Flexible Barrier Materials 39,40

Floor/Ceiling Assemblies

Floor Coverings 39, 40

Floor Finishes 63

Floor Measurement 61 Floor Measurements—Office Building Industry 61

Floor Surfaces 168

Floor Trucks 62

Floor Underlayment—Particleboard 129

Flooring 129,168

Flooring—Hardwood 84

Flooring—Maple, Beech and Birch 100

213
Page Flooring—Resilient Tile 144

Floors—Concrete 16 Floors/Floor Assemblies 3

Florida, State of 169,170

Flowmeters 91

Fluid Controls 80

Fluid Power Systems 122

Fluorescent Ballasts and Starters 75 Fly Lines 20

FM and AM Tuners 90

Food and Drug Administration 186

Food Chains 109

Food Chemicals Codex 105

Food Engineering 40

Food Manufacturers 110

Food Processing Machinery and Supplies 81

Food Supplies and Equipment

Foodservices 114

Footwear 21 Foreign National Standards—Information 182

Forest Products 123

Forging 81

Forgings—Steel 38,39,40

Forms 135

Forms—Business 141 Forms-^Instrumentation 91

Forms—Invoices 109

Forms—Mass Property 147 Forms, School Bus Accident Reporting 159, 160

Founders, Malleable 98

Foundries 21,90

Foundries—Steel 154

Foundry Industries 90

Frames and Mountings—Optical 136

Freezers 55

Freight Cars 195

Freight—Cars, Claims, Containers 52, 53

Friction Materials 81

Fruit Exchanges 59

Fruit Inspections 71

Fruits 177

Fuel, Fire and Explosion of Fuel 194

Fuel Handling and Storage 30

Fuels 39,40

Full Size Cribs 96

Fungicides 185

Furniture 110

Furniture—Juvenile 96

Furniture—Upholstered 54

Fuses, Electric 88

G

Gages 43,189

Galvanized Sheets 168

Galvanizing Industry 24

Gas 21 Gas and Vapor Detector Tube Systems 188

Gas Appliances and Equipment 81

Gas—Compressed 66

Gas—Handling and Transport 66

Gas, Natural—Drilling and Production 25

Gas Pipelines 43

Gas Processors 135

Gaseous Fuels 39, 40

Gases 122

Gaskets 39,40

Gasoline 135 Gauges—Pneumercator 196

Gear Generating Tools 102

Gears 22

Gemology 82

Gems 22

Gemstones 82

General Services Administration 185

Generating Plants 177 Generator and Motor Rebuilding 75

I

Page Geodesy 18

Geological Survey 190

Geologists—Engineering 55

Geologists—Petroleum 11 Georgia, State of 170

Glass 39,40

Glass Containers 82

Glass, Flat 80

Glass Tempering 82

Glaucoma Screening 133

Glazed Brick 77 Glazing Systems 80

Glue Products 110

Golf 163

Government Procurement Mandates 185, 186

Government—Urban 93

Governmental Industrial Hygienists 17 Grade-Trademarks for Plywood 33

Grading—Diamonds 82

Grading—Lumber 27, 166

Grading of Abrasives 3 Grading Rules 144,143,151

Grading—Soybeans 45

Grain 177 Grain Loading Plans and Cargo 116

Granite Monuments 57 Graphic Arts 141 Graphic Arts—Packaging 157

Graphic Symbols—TV 116

Graphite 39,40

Grass and Soil 45

Gravel 118

Gravel and Sand 130

Gray and Ductile Iron Founders 82

Grease Lubrication 127 Greases—Lubricating 39, 40

Grinding Wheels 83

Ground-Water 190

Guarding Devices 87

Guinea Pigs—Welfare 178, 179

Gummed Paper Products 83

Guns 130,151,152

Gymkhanas (Driving Maneuvers) 152

Gymnastics 7 Gypsum 38, 39

Gypsum Products 83

Gypsum Roof Decks 83

H

Hack Saws 84

Hairstylists 50

Halogenated Organic Solvents 39, 40

Hamsters—Welfare 178,179

Hand Tools Institute 88

Handicapped 119

Handicapped—Audio and Speech 14 Handicapped—Communicatively 14

Handicapped—Partially Sighted 133

Handicapped—Schools and Agencies 107

Handsplit Shakes 143

Hardboard 23

Hardware 135

Hardware—Builders 60, 116

Hardwood 80,84

Hardwood and Pine 136

Hardwood Flooring 129

Hardwood Lumber 125, 150

Hardwood Plywood 84

Hazardous Materials 185

Hazardous Substances 55, 183

Hazards to Health—Control of 87

Headgear—Protective 146

Headphones 90

Health, Education and Welfare, Department of 186

Health, Physical Education, and Recreation 8

Hearing 14,105,106
Page Hearing Protectors 181, 182

Hearths, Open 90 Heat Stress 191

Heaters, Unit—Hot Water and Steam (Industrial) 6 Heating 5, 38, 42, 94, 121, 146 Heating Contractors 112 Heating—Mobile Homes 104

Helmets 146 Hemlock and Fir Doors 80

Herbs 45

Hides and Skins 156 High Chairs 96

High Fidelity 90

Highway Bridge Decks 16 Highway Mobile Equipment 67

Highway Research 105 Highway Safety 117 Highway Traffic 195 Highway Traffic Safety 165 Highway Transportation 91 Highways 11,17,35,49

Hobs and Shaper-Cutters 22

Hoists 71,85

Hollow Metal Manufacturers' Association 107 Home Appliances 55 Home Economics 23

Home Lighting 23

Home Ventilating 85

Homes—Mobile 75,104

Homes—Plumbing 93

Hook Lifters 101 Hoops 50

Horology 46

Hosiery 110

Hospital Purchasing 111 Hospital Supplies, Equipment and Facilities 23

Hospitals 16, 23

Hot Dip Galvanizers 24

Hotels and Motels 24

Housing 189

Housing and Urban Development, Department of 189 Housing—Healthful 35 Housing, Manufactured 75 Housing—Mobile Homes 104

Humidifiers 55 Hydraulic Fluids 39

Hydraulic Hoists 159

Hydrofoils 149

Hydrology 134

Hydrometers 196

Hydronic Heating and Cooling 112

Identification Codes 70

Illinois, State of 170

Illuminating Engineering 85

Illumination 54

Importers—Waxes 47 Imports—Exports, Animals and Poultry 178

Independent Laboratories 18 Independent Testing 75

Industrial and Farm Equipment 78

Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons 39

Industrial Chemicals 40

Industrial Diamonds 86

Industrial Fasteners 86

Industrial Hygiene 17, 24

Industrial Hygiene Instruments 188

Industrial Management 86

Industrial Parks 111

Industrial Safety Equipment 87

Industrial Scales 132

Industrial Trucks 88

Industrial Water 40

Infant Services 125 Information 151

Page Information Displays 147 Information Processing 66, 72, 176 Information—Standards 182 Information—Standards Laboratories 193 Information—Water Data 190

Ingot Brass 59

Inks—Marking 101 Inks—Printing 79, 129 Inks—Proofing 8, 98

Inks—School Use 71

Insecticides 63, 76, 185

Inspection and Testing of Supplies—Government 185

Inspection—Commodities 177 Inspection—Lumber 151, 166

Inspection Mechanics and Procedures 10 Inspection Services 75, 143, 144, 161, 167 Inspection Services—Animals and Plants 178

Inspection Tables 38

Inspection—Tobacco 177 Inspection—Wood 47

Instructional Materials 132 Instrument Ball Bearings 48

Instrumentation—Crystallographic 18 Insulated Power Cable Engineers 91

Insulating Materials 3 Insulating Materials—Electrical 39

Insulation—Mineral Wool 128

Insulation—Thermal 39, 157

Insulin 187 Insurance 26, 29

Insurance Plans 108 Interdepartmental Screw Thread Committee . 189

Interior, Department of the 190

Interior Systems 62

International Critical Tables 105

International Standards Council—ANSI 29

International Standards—Information 182

Interscholastic Sports 122

Investigative Aids 181 Investment Castings 96

Invoice Forms 109

Iron 26,55,82

Iron—Scrap . 90

Irrigation Systems 153 ISO Member Body (International Organization

for Standardization)—ANSI 29

Isotopes and Radiation 30

Jams 177

Jewelers' Vigilance Committee 22 Jewelry 82,96

Jewelry—Gems 22

Joint Committee on Printing 191

Joint Industrial 96

Joint Sealants 39

Joist Construction—Concrete 67

Joists and Rafters 123

Joists—Steel 155

Justice, Department of 191

Juvenile Products 96 K

Kansas, State of 170

Kegs 50

Kentucky, Commonwealth of 170

Key Blank Boxes 50

Knitwear 126

Labeling 138, 193 Labor, Department of 191 Laboratory Animals 105 Laboratory Apparatus 145

215
Page Laboratory Schools (Medical) 3 Lacquers 38, 79

Ladders 27 Ladders—Metal and Fiberglass 103

Laminated (Plastic) Products 112 Laminated Timber 26

Lamps 75 Land Surveying 18 Landscape Architects 10

Landscaping—Industrial Parks 111 Laser Products 188

Lasers 51, 197 Lathing 93

Law Enforcement Standards Laboratory 181 Lawn Mowers—Power 137 Lawns 45

Laws—Traffic 117 Lead 97

Leather 39, 125 Leather Industry 27 Leather Tanning 156 Lenses 31, 105, 136 Librarianship 27, 70

Libraries 27,151

Library Associations 70

Library Binding 97

Library Equipment and Supplies 151 Library Systems 93

Lifesaving Devices 194

Light Hydrocarbons 39

Lighting 23, 85

Lightning , Protection 163 Lime 38

Limestone 38, 127 Limestone—Pulverized 141 Linen Supply 97

Lipids 31 Liquefied Petroleum Gases 39

Listing Bodies 161 Livestock 178 Livestock Remedies 51 Livestock Scales 178

LNG 135 Loading Ramps 101 Locking Devices 50

Locknuts—Aircraft 88

Locks 50, 197 Locksmiths 50

Locomotive Inspection 195 Loss-Prevention 77 Loudspeakers 90

LP-Gas (Propane and Butane) 135 Lubricants 43

Lubricating Greases 39, 127, 15 Lubricating Oils 39

Lubrication Engineers 43

Lumber 27,80,84,136,150,152

Lumber—Hardboard 23

Lumber—Hardwood 12 Lumber Inspection 151, 166 Lumber—Preservatives

Lumber Products 123

Luminaires 75 Lung Disease Prevention 28

M

Machine Input Records 70

Machine Tool Builders 127 Machine Tools 4,96

Machinery and Equipment—Electrical 75 Machinery—Construction 67

Machinery—Conveyors 68

Machinery—Packaging 137

Machinery—Ships 15 Machinery—Soil Working 95

Magazine Publishers 8, 98

Page Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) 13 Magnetic Materials 98

Magnetic Properties 38

Magnetic Stripe Encoding 13 Magnetic Switches 181 Magnetic Tape Tracks 192

Maintenance Area Work, Methods-Time-Measurement _ 97

Malleable Founders 98

"Man at Work" 97

Management—Data Processing 72 Managers and Building 0-wners 61

Manufacturing Chemists 99

Manufacturing Engineers 148

Map Symbols—Geology 55 Maple Flooring 100

Mapping 18 Marble 100

Marine Engineers 149

Marine Environmental Metrology 183

Maritime 191 Maritime Administration 180

Marketing 177 Marketing—Fruit 59

Marking—Birds 74

Marking Devices 100

Marking Paint—Pavement 91 Markings for Dangerous Goods 163 Maryland, State of 171 Masonry 77 Masonry—Brick and Block 60

Masonry, Concrete 118

Masonry Units 38

Material Handling 101 Material Protection 108 Materials 184

Materials Evaluation 37

Materials Handling 99,101

Materials Handling Equipment 62

Materials Handling—Hazardous 155 Matericds Handling—Lime 127

Materials Handling—Radioactive 30

Materials—Nuclear 180

Materials—Roofing 130

Materials Testing 39

Mattresses 107

Mattresses, Crib

Mattresses—Flamability 183 Measurement 193 Measurement and Sampling 39

Measurement Devices 91 Measurement for Audio Amplifiers and Tuners 90

Measurement Standards—Information 193

Measurement—Temperature 39

Measurements for Stretch Socks and Anklets 110

Measuring Devices—Weighing 178

Meat and Poultry Inspection 178

Mechanical Contractors 101 Mechanical Engineering 43

Mechanical Fasteners 86

Mechanical Officials 93

Mechanical Shock and Vibration 89

Mechanical Springs 152 Medical Devices 13, 36, 75 Medical Instrumentation 51 Medical Milk 10

Medical Psychoanalysts 35 Medical Rehabilitation 8

Medical Vocabulary 114

Medicine and Surgery, VA 197

Mental Illness 34

Merchant Marine Safety 193

Merchant Marine Ships 149

Merchant Ship Construction 180

Merchant Ships 15 Mercury Handling 91 Mercury, Inorganic 188

Metal Bar Grating 107

216
Page Metal Bearing Ores—Sampling and Analysis 39

Metal Buildings 102 Metal Cans 61 Metal—Chemical Analysis 39

Metal Cookware 102

Metal Cutting Tools 102

Metal Finishes and Stairs 107 Metal Ladders 103

Metal Powders 38, 103 Metal—Recycling 113

Metal Thicknesses 43

Metal—Tin 159

Metal Tube Packaging 103

Metallic Coated Products 38

Metallic Coatings 20

Metallic Materials for Thermostats and for Electrical Resistance 38

Metallography 37,39

Metallurgical Practices 19

Metallurgical Society 25

Metallurgy 25,28,59

Metals 37

Metals, Light and Alloys 38

Metals, Nonferrous and Alloys 38

Metals, Precious 96

Metals—Welding of 47

Meteorological Instruments 183

Methods-Time-Measurement 97

Metrology—Armament Systems 19 Michigan, State of 171 Microbiological Examination of Foods 35

Microelectronics 38

Microelectronics—Microcircuits 192

Microfiche 128

Microfilm 128 Micrographics 128 Microscope—Work under the, Methods-Time-Measurement 97

Microscopes—Electron 197 Microwave Diathermy Systems 188

Microwave Ovens 187, 197 MIL Specs and Standards 184

Military Procurement Mandates 184

Milk Bottle Crates 103 Milk—Dry 92

Milk—Equipment 92

Milk Products 10

Mill Buildings 55 Millers—Rice 144

Milling Cutters 102

Millwork 49, 167

Mineral Wool 128 Minerals Industries 28

Mines 180

Mining 25,28

Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration 190

Minitrack Signal Source 192

Minnesota, State of 171 Mint 196

Missouri, State of 172 Mobile Antennas 181 Mobile Home Parks 189

Mobile Homes 75, 104

Mobilization Readiness 19 Model Codes 60

Model Laws 129

Model Railroads 128

Modeling Clay 71 Modulation 192 Moldings—Hardwood 84

Monies 196

Monorails 104

Montana, State of 172 Mortars 38

Mortgage Inspections 18 Mosaic 134

Motels and Hotels 24

Page Motion Pictures 41 149

Motor and Generator Rebuilding 10, 75 Motor Bus Owners 'm

Motor Vehicle Administrators 10 Motor Vehicles 12, 105, 148, 195 Motorboats 194

Motorcycles 155 Motors 55, 156 Mouldings and Millwork 157 Mouldings—Wood 167 Moving Walks 109, 121 Municipal Administrators 93 Municipal League 129

Municipal Signals 94

Music Industry Codes 70

N

Name Plate Data—Sump Pumps 156 Name Plates m

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(NASA) 192

National Association of Furniture Manufacturers, Inc. _ 110

National Building Code 26

National Bureau of Standards 181 National Certified Pipe Welding Bureau 101 National Clearinghouse for Standards 29

National Conference of Standards Laboratories 193 National Conference on Weights and Measures 193 National Environmental Balancing Bureau 101 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 195 National Institute for Occupational Safety

and Health 186,188

National Institute of Ceramic Engineers 15 National Machine Tool Builders Association 96

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 184

National Standards 29

Nationwide Consumer Testing Institute 164

Natural Gas 135 Natural Gas—Drilling and Production 25 Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 149 Naval Stores 39, 177 Navigational Facilities 195 Needle/Syringe Handling 197 Neutron Diffraction 18 New Jersey, State of 172 New York, State of 172 Noise 4 Noise-Exposure 105 Noise Levels 105 Nondestructive Testing 37, 39

Nonmetallic Materials 21 Nonwoven Fabrics 39

Nonwovens and Disposables 95

North Carolina, State of 173 Northern Textile Association 74, 79

Nuclear 30

Nuclear Energy 57

Nuclear Facilities 180

Nuclear Reactor Fuel Cycle 25

Nuclear Science 105

Numerical Data 105 Nurseries 10 Nurserymen 10 Nurses—Practical 122

Nurses, Practical—Licensed 122 Nursing 126 Nursing Homes 189

Nuts—Walnuts 73 o

Oak Flooring 129

Occupational Medicine and Surgery 87

Occupational Protection 31 Occupational Safety 188

Occupational Safety and Health Administration 191 Oceanographic Instrumentation 183

217
Page Offstreet Parking 111

Office Machines 66

Office of Telecommunications 183

Office of Water Data 190

Oil Chemistry 31

Oil—Drilling and Production 25

Oils 39

Oils—Essential 76 Oilseed Products 126

Ophthalmic Frames 136 Ophthalmic Lenses 105, 136

Ophthalmology—Instruments 51 Optical Manufacturers 136 Optical Society 136

Optics 136

Optometry 31 Ordinances 117 Ordnance 19 Oregon, State of 173

Ores, Metal Bearing—Sampling and Analysis 39

Organic Lead 188 Organizational Member Council—ANSI 29

Orthotics 13 OSHA 191 Outdoor Power Equipment 137 Overhead Handling Hoists 85

Overhead Traveling Cranes 71 P

Pacemakers 51 Packaging 39

Packaging Machinery 137 Packers and Stockyards Act 178 Packers and Stockyards Administration 177 Packers and Stockyards—Scales and Weighing 177

Pails 155

Paint 79

Painting and Decorating—Workmanship 137 Painting—Steel Structures 155 Paints 39

Paints—School Use 71

Pallet Racks 142

Pallets 109,135,163,167

Pan-American Coffee Bureau 64

Panel Tubing 91 Paneling—Hardboard 23

Paper 39, 59, 157, 191 Paper and Paperboard 32

Paper Box 129

Paper—Recycling 113 Paperboard Packaging 138 Parathion 188 Parking—Offstreet 111 Parks 93

Parks—Mobile Home 104

Particleboard 129

Parts 184 Paste 71 Pathologists 64

Paved Streets 111 Pavement 16 Peanut Butter 177 Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of 173

Periodicals 70

Periodicals—Binding 97

Perlite 138

Personal Protective Devices 188

Pesticides 55 Petrolatum 39

Petroleum 32 Petroleum Engineers 25

Petroleum—Geologists 11 Petroleum Products 39

Pewter 159

Pharmaceutical Products 124

Pharmaceuticals 33, 138

Page Pharmacopeia 164

Pharmacy 164

Pharmacy, Practice of 33

Phonograph Pickups 90

Photo Chemical Machining 139 Photogrammetry 44

Photographic Images 44

Photographic Interpretation 44

Photographic Materials 139 Photography 139

Photography—High Speed 149

Physical Education 8

Physical Fitness 28

Physicians 28

Pigments—Organic and Inorganic 74 Pine Inspection 151 Pipe Coating Applicators 112 Pipe—Concrete 16 Pipe Fabrication 139

Pipe Fittings 98

Pipe Line Contractors 139 Pipe Lines—Asphalt Coatings 49

Pipes 101 Pipes—Bituminous 58

Pipes—Clay 117 Pipes—Concrete 17 Pipes—Soil, Cast Iron 62

Piping—Power Plant, High Pressure 139 Piping Systems 43

Planning County Road Systems 43 Plant and Animal Health Inspections 178

Plant Engineering—Steel 55 Plant Spray Oils 39

Plants 10 Plastering 93

Plastic Fabricators 112

Plastics 39, 99, 149

Plastics—Electroplated 42

Plastics—Polyurethane 140

Plates—Metal Connector 161 Platform Trucks 62

Play Yards 96

Playground Equipment (Safety) 132 Playing Rules 122 Plumbing 45, 93, 140 Plumbing Engineers 44

Plumbing-Heating-Cooling Contractors 112 Plumbing—Mobile Homes 104

Plywood 33

Plywood—Birch 84

Plywood—Finnish 33 Plywood—Hardwood 84

Plywood—Preservatives 48

Pneumercators 196 Podiatry 34

Poison Control 11 Poison Prevention 183

Police 93

Police Body Armor 181 Police Service 97

Polishes 63 Polyurethanes 140

Pool Equipment 134

Portable Cribs 96

Potentiometers 164

Pots (Flower)—Clay 117 Poultry and Meat Inspection 178 Poultry Scales 178 Powder Actuated Fastening Systems 140

Powder Metallurgy and Magnetic Cores 103 Power Brakes—Railroad 195 Power Equipment—Outdoor 137

Practical Nurses 122

Precast Architectural Concrete 104

Precast Concrete Panels 49

Precious Metals and Stones 96

Preservatives—Wood 48

218 f
Page Pressure Sensitive Tapes 141 Pressure Vessel Inspectors 115 Prevention of Blindness 133 Printed Circuit Boards 90

Printed Wiring Boards 90

Printing 8, 98, 59, 191

Printing Industries 82

Printing Ink 129

Product Safety 183 Product Standards 180

Products of Recycled Materials 113

Programming Languages 72

Project Management 141

Propellers 194

Property Requirements 189

Property Surveys 18 Propulsion Machinery—Ships 180

Prosthetics 13 Protection—Agri Plant 103

Protection—Face and Eye 31

Protective Clothing 188

Protective Devices 188

Protective Devices, Personal 188

Protective Equipment 181

Protective Equipment—Personal 87

Protective Headgear 146

Proteins 9 Psychiatry 11,34

Psychology 35

Public Administration 93

Public Health 35 Pulp 157 Pulp and Paper 32

Pulverized Limestone 141 Pumps 68,166

Purchasing 109,111

Purchasing Management 113 Q

Qualified Products Lists—Government 185

Quality Control 31, 38, 185

Quality Control for Softwood Lumber 48

Quality Control—Wood 47

Quality Engineering Field 38

R

Rabbit^Welfare 178

Races, Car 152 Racks 142

Radiation and Isotopes 30

Radiation Control 188 Radiation Effects 39

Radiation Protection 185

Radio Equipment and Operations 185 Radio Frequencies 183 Radio Frequency 192

Radio-Telegraphy 15 Radioactive Waste Systems 30

Radioactivity in Food and Drugs 187 Radioisotopes and Radiation Effects 39

Radiological Health 187 Radios—Aeronautical 142

Rafters and Joists 123

Rafters, Trussed 161

Rail Steel Bars 154

Railroad Cross Ties 143 Railroad Materials—Steel 26

Railroad Models 128

Railroads 52

Railroads—Federal 195

Ranges—Electric 23 Reactor Research and Development 180

Reactors , 30

Reamers 102

Record Players 90

Page Recording and Reproducing 108 Recreation 14

Recreational Vehicles 75

Recreational Vehicles—Plumbing 93

Recycling 113 Red Cedar Shingles 143 Redwood Inspection 143 Reference Standards 164

Reference Standards—Insecticides 76

Refractories 15, 39, 144

Refractories Institute 144

Refrigerated Transport 159

Refrigerating 42

Refrigeration 5, 121 Refrigeration—Truck Trailers 160

Refrigerator Doors 183

Refrigerators 55

Refrigerators—Household 23 Refuse Disposals 109 Regional Standardizing Bodies—Information 182

Rehabilitation Facilities 65

Rehabilitation Therapy 8

Reinforcing Bars 67

Relays 113 Remote Controls 73

Report Literature Formats 70

Reproducing and Recording 108 Reproduction of Advertisements 8, 98

Research Projects 161

Residential Lighting 23

Resilient Tiles 144

Resistance Welders 144

Resistive Components 164

Respirable Chest Concentrations, Airborne 189

Respiration—Gas 66

Respirators 87

Respiratory Disease Control 28

Respiratory Equipment 41 Respiratory Protective Devices 188

Retail Merchants 130 Reverse Osmosis 165

Rhode Island, State of 174 Rice Millers 144

Rifles 130

Rims, Tire 159 Road Builders 35 Road Programs 109

Roadbuilding Machinery 148 Roads 17 Roadway Design 11 Rodenticides 185

Roller Bearings 48

Roof Decks—Gypsum 83

Roof Decks—Steel 154

Roof Units—Concrete 16 Roofing 38, 130, 143, 146 Roofing—Asphalt 49

Roofing—Zinc 168 Ropes 69

Rotameters 91

Rotating Apparatus (Rebuilt) 75 Rotors 165

Rubber 39, 144 Rubber Reclaimers 145 Rubber Stamps 101 Rugs 62

Rural Electrification Administration 177

s

Safety 109

Safety Council 130

Safety Engineers - 44

Safety Equipment—Electrical 74

Salt 145

Sampling and Analysis of Metal Bearing Ores 39

Sampling Procedures 38

219
Page Sand and Gravel 130

Sanitary Engineering 45

Sanitation 131

Sanitation—Dairy Processors 72

Sash and Door Jobbers 132

Saws—Hack and Band 84

Scaffolding 145

Scaffolds 103

Scales 132,178,193

School Buses 159

School Supply and Equipment 132

Scientific Apparatus 145

Scrap Iron and Steel 90

Scrap Rubber 145 Screw Threads 189

Screws—Socket, Tapping Cap, Machine and

Wood Types 88

Sealants and Adhesives 4

Sealants—Joint 39

Sealing Tape 83

Seals 101 Seating—Folding and Telescopic 132

Secondary School Athletes 122

Security Devices and Systems 50

Security Requirements—Airports 195

Security Systems 181 Seed Analysis 56

Seeds 45

Serial Publications 70

Service Cords—Sump Pumps 156

Sewer Pipes 17 Sewer Systems—Clay Pipe 117 Shale 77 Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors 146

Shingles 143 Shipping 15 Shipping Cargo 116

Shipping Containers 109, 155 Ships 149,180

Shock and Vibration—Mechanical 4

Shoes 21 Shoring 145 Showers, Safety 197 Sidings—Hardboard 23

Signal Controllers—Traffic 91 Signal Heads—Traffic 91 Signal Inspection 195

Signal Sources, Minitrack 192

Signal Systems—Railroad 195

Signals—Municipal 94

Silica Glass 188

Silos 132

Simplified Practice Recommendations 181 Single-Family Dwellings 189

Ski Teachers 36

Skid Resistance 38

Skins and Hides 156

Slag 118,133

Slate 77

Slings—Ropes 69

Smith-Doxey Act 177 Soaps 39,147

Social Sciences 105

Society of Mining Engineers 25

Society of Petroleum Engineers 25

Socket Screw Products Bureau 88

Sod Producers 45

Soft Drink Bottles 82

Soft Drinks 133

Softwood 136

Soil and Grass 45

Soil Moisture 190

Soil Pipes 62

Soil Test Devices 95

Soil Working Machinery 95

Soils 38

Soils Exploration—Subsurface 109

Page Soldering 47

Solders 159

Solid Waste Management 93

Solvents 39

Sonics 4

Sorptive Mineral Materials 39

Sound Transmission 5 Sound—Underwater 4

Soybeans 45, 133 Space Flight Data Systems 192

Space Flight Equipment 192

Space Rating 61

Space Systems 192

Space Vehicles 148

Spacecraft 192

Spacecraft Clocks 192

Specialty Wire 151 Spectroscopy 39

Speech Pathology 14 Speed Reducers—Gear Motors 22

Spices 45

Spirits 196

Spirits—Brandy and Wine 168 Spirit*—Distilled 73

Spirits—Wine 42

Sporting Arms 151 Sports—Athletic 7 Sports Cars 152

Sports Equipment 7 Springs 38, 152

Sprinkler Installations 103

Sprinkler Irrigation 153

Sprinklers 122

Sprinklers, Automatic 115

Stainless Steel 26

Stains—Biological 58

Stair Treads and Risers 84

Stairs—Metal 107 Standard Book Numbers 70

Standard Reference Materials 56

Standard Reference Materials—Petroleum 32

Standard Weights of Raw Stock and Hardware 147 Standardization 153

Standards Engineers 153

Standards Information 182

Standards Laboratories 193

State Boards of Examiners in Veterinary Medicine 54

State High Schools 122

State Highway Officials 11 State Specifications and Standards—Information 182

Stationery 137

Statistical Methods 39

Statistics—Agricultural 78

Statistics—Bird Populations 74

Statistics—Book Publishing 70

Statistics—Commerce 163

Statistics—Fertilizer 79

Statistics—Heating Systems 94

Statistics—Library 27, 70

Statistics—Packaging 138

Staves 50

Steam Traps 80

Steam Turbines 43

Steam Turbines—Ships 180

Steatite 153

Steel 25,55

Steel Bar Mills 154

Steel Doors 154

Steel Founders 154

Steel Joists 155

Steel Piping Materials 38

Steel—Pressure Vessel Plates, Rails 39

Steel Rails 38

Steel Reinforcing Bars and Spirals 67

Steel Roof Decks 154

Steel—Scrap 90

Steel Sheet, Strip Bar, Rod and Wire 39

220
Page Steel Shipping Containers 155

Steel Storage Racks 142

Steel, Structural and Concrete Reinforcing 39

Steel Structures Painting 155

Steel Windows 155

Stencils 101

Sterile Disposables 51

Stockyards and Packers—Scales and Weighing 177 Stone—Crushed 118

Stones, Precious 96

Storage Batteries 57

Storage—Crops 132

Storage—Racks 142

Storage Systems—Mechanical 101 Storage Tanks—Chlorine 64

Storerooms for Explosive Materials 197

Storm Drains 17

Streets 17

Strollers and Carriages 96

Structural Clay Products 15, 60

Structural Glazed Tile 77

Structural Sandwich Constructions 39

Structural Steel 25,38

Structural Timber Fabricating 26

Structures—Aluminum 7 Structures—Concrete 16 Structures—Silos 132

Structures, Steel—Protection 155 Stucco 156

Substations—Electric 177

Sulfonates 39

Sulfur Dioxide 188

Sulfuric Acid 188 Sump Pumps 156

Sunglasses 136 Supplies—School 132

Supply Services 185 Surface Finishes 55 Surgeons 16 Surgical Instruments 23

Surveying 18 Swimming 7 Swimming Pools 134, 189

Swimming Pools, Public—Health 35

Swings 96

Switch Ties 143

Symbology 91 Symbols 38,43,47,88

Symbols—Fluid Power 122 Symbols, Graphic—TV 116

Symbols, Map—Geology 55 Symbols—Springs 152

Symbols—Terramechanics 95

Synthetic Chemicals 76

Synthetic Fiber Ropes 69

Synthetic Flooring 168

Systems—Hospital 23

T

Tablets 137 Tank Cars, Trucks, and Barges—For Chlorine 64

Tanker Vessels 180

Tanks, Storage—Chlorine 64 Tanners 156

Tanning 27 Tape Equipment 90

Tapes—Pressure Sensitive 141 Tapping Screw Service Bureau 88

Taps 102,189

Tarpaulins 61 Teaching Profession 119

Technical Communications 147 Telecommunications 183 Telecommunications, Office of 183

Telegraph 157

Telemetry 91,192

Page Telephone Facilities jyy Telephone Lines yji Telephone Systems yj'j Telephones ^e^'j Television, Cable

Television Receivers 187

Televisions 114,149

Temperature, Effect of ' 39

Temperature Measurement 39 Tempered Glass Products 82

Tennessee, State of 174 Tent Fabrics 52 Terrain Characteristics 95

Terrain-Vehicle Systems 95 Terramechanics 95

Terrazzo 3^34 Testing and Materials 33

Testing, Independent 75

Tetraethyl Lead 188

Tetramethyl Lead 188 Texas, State of 174 Textbooks 59

Textile Chemists 12

Textile Materials 39

Textile Rentals 97

Textiles 74

Textiles—Asbestos 49

Textiles—Felt 79

Textiles—Recycling II3 Therapy 8

Thermal Insulation 39, 157

Thermal Spraying :__ 47 Thermocouples 91

Thermometers 196 Thesaurus Rules and Conventions 70

Thin Films 46

Thread 158 Threaded Products 189

3-A Sanitary Programs 72

Ties and Buckles—Cotton Bales 70

Tiles 77, 144, 158 Timber Construction 26

Timber—Preservatives 48

Time 46

Tin 159

Tinplate 159

Tire Cords 39

Tires 159

Tires and Wheels—Steel 39

Tires and Wheels—Truck Trailers 160

Tires. Steel 39

Tobacco 177, 196

Toilet Facilities 189 Toluene 188

Tone Command 192

Tools 140,148

Tools—Hand Power 75 Tools—Hand Service 88

Tools—Machine 127 Tools—Marking 101 Tools—Powder Actuated Fastening Systems 140

Tools, Power (Rebuilding) 75 Towers, Cooling 68

Toxic Substances 188

Track and Field 7 Tracking 192

Tracks—Railroad 195 Tractors and Machinery 40

Tractors—Farm 148

Trade 163

Trade Catalogs and Directories 70

Trading Procedures 163

Traffic and Engineering Operations 195

Traffic Audit 159

Traffic Control and Laws 12

Traffic Engineering 11

Traffic Engineers 91

221
Page Traffic Laws 10,117

Traffic Operations 109

Traffic Safety 195

Trailer Trucks 62

Trailers—Truck 160

Train Speeds 195 Trains 52 Transducers 91 Transformer Rebuilding 75 Transformers (Rebuilt) 75

Transliteration 70

Transmission Lines 177 Transmission of Radio Waves 183

Transmissions—Mechanical Power 101 Transportation 11 Transportation Data 159

Transportation, Department of 193 Transportation Noise 105 Transportation Officials 11 Transportation Products 63

Trapped Residual Determination 147 Trash Containers 197 Treasury, Department of the 196 Tree Nuts 71 Trichloroethylene 188

Trim—Hardwood 84

Trimmers 164

Truck Body and Equipment 159

Truck Trailers 160

Trucks 196

Trucks—Floor, Platform, and hand 62

Trucks—Industrial 88

Trucks, Tank—Chlorine 64

Trucks—Trailer 62 Truss Plate 161 Trussed Rafters 161 Tuberculosis Treatment 28

Tubes 65

Tubular Exchanger Equipment 161 Tuners, AM and FM 90

Turf 45

Twine 69

Twist Drills 102 u

Ultrasonic Therapy 188

Ultrasonics 4, 161 Ultrasound 51

Ultraviolet Radiation 188

Uniform Building Code 94

Uniform Fire Code 94

Uniform Mechanical Code 94

United States Cap Screw Service Bureau 88

United States Coast Guard 193

United States Machine Screw Service Bureau 88

United States Member Body of the International

Organization for Standardization (ISO) 29

United States Wood Screw Service Bureau 88

Universal Product Code 109,138

Upholstered Furniture 54

Urban Development 189

Urban Government 93

Utah, State of 174

Utilities—Water 46

V

V-Belt Drive Systems 101

Vacuum Cleaners 164

Vacuum Science and Technology 46

Value Engineering 19

Valves 80,115

Valves and Fittings 98

Varnish 39

Varnishes 79

Vascular Prostheses 51

Page Vegetable Oils 123

Vegetables 177

Vehicle Equipment 165 Vehicle Records and Procedures 10 Vehicles 10,12,148,181

Vehicles—Aircraft 4

Vehicles—Buses 111 Vehicles—Motor 195

Vehicles, Recreational 75

Vehicles—Soil Working 95

Vending 114

Ventilation 42, 146

Ventilation Equipment (Home) 85

Ventilation Exhaust Systems : 17 Vessels 15 Vessels—Review and Inspection 194 Veterans Administration Blue Card 197 Veterinary Biologies 178

Veterinary Medicine 54, 187 Vibration and Shock—Mechanical 4

Virginia, Commonwealth of 175 Vision 31 Visual Carrier Level—TV 116

Visual Materials 114

Visually Handicapped 51

Visually Handicapped—Schools and Agencies 107

Viticulturists 42

Vitrified Clay Pipe 117

Vitro Diagnostic Products 187 Voluntary Product Standards 181 w

Walk-Through Metal Detectors 181 Walkers—Juvenile 96

Wallcovering—Workmanship 137 Walls and Ceilings 93

Walnut (Wood) 80

Walnuts 73

Warning Lights 91 Washing and Dry Cleaning 97

Wastewater Management 93

Wastewater Plants and Utilities 165 Watches 96

Watchmakers 46

Water and Wastewater Examination 35

Water Colors 71 Water Conditioning 165

Water Cooling Towers 68

Water Data 190

Water Data Coordination, Office of 190

Water—Drinking 189

Water Pollution Control 165 Water Softeners 165 Water Supply Systems 189 Water Systems 166 Water Tanks 122 Water WeUs 134

Water Works 46

Watercraft 194

Waterproofing 38

Wax Importers 47 Wax Polishes 39

Waxes 39,47,63

Weapon Detection 181 Weapons 181 Weighing 178

Weighing Machines 132

Weight Engineers 147

Weightlifting 7 Weights and Measures 193 Welding 47, 101 Welding Machines 144 Welding Research 166

Wells, Water 134

West Virginia, State of 175 Wheat 177

222
Page Wheels 62

Wheels and Tires—Steel 39

Wheels and Tires—Truck Trailers 160

Wheels—For Diamonds 73

Wheels—Grinding 83

Whey Products 168 White Wares 15 Windows 132,135,155

Windows—Mobile Homes 104

Wine and Brandy 168 Wine Specialists 12 Wiping Cloths 113 Wire 151 Wire Diameters 43

Wire—Insulated 91

Wire Reinforcement 168

Wires and Cables 94

Wiring 55, 119

Wisconsin, State of 176

Wood - 39

Wood and Synthetic Flooring 168 Wood—Hardwood 84, 125 Wood Inspection 47

Page Wood—Lumber 136, 150

Wood Moulding 167 Wood Particleboard 129 Wood—Plywood 84

Wood Preservatives 48

Wood Products 123, 167 Wood Shingles 143 Wooden Box 167 Woodwork 49, 135 Wool Felt 79

Work Methodology—Methods-Time-Measurement 97

Wrought Iron Bars and Sheets 39 Wyoming, State of 176 XYZ

X-Ray, Diagnostic 188

X-Ray Systems, Cabinet 186 X-Rays 18 Yachts 14,149

Yarns 39

Zinc 168 Zippers 39

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1975 O 570-694

223
NBS-1 14A (REV. 7-73)

U.S. DEPT. OF COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET

1. PUBLICATION OR REPORT NO.

NBS SP-417

2. Gov't Accession

No.

3. Recipient's Accession No.

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Directory of United States Standardization Activities

5. Publication Date

Noveanber 1975

6. Performing Organization Code

7. AUTHOR(S)

Sophie J. Churnas, Editor

8. Performing Organ. Report No.

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20234

10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Complete Address (Street, City, State, ZIP) 13. Type of Report & Period

Covered

Final

14. Sponsoring Agency Code

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 75-619012

16. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant information. If document includes a significant

bibliography or literature survey, mention it here.)

This Directory serves as a guide to standardization activites in the United States.

It supersedes a Directory of the same title, issued in 1967, as National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication 288. Included in the Directory are summaries of the

standardization activites of trade associations, technical and other professional societies representing industry and comnerce, and state and Federal governments. For the

first time this Directory covers nonengineering and nonindustry organizations. SP 417

contains ciorrent descriptive summaries of more than 580 organizations.

Criteria for inclusion are that the organizations have standardization activites

such as standards-writing groups, that they assist in the development of standards, or

that they issue standards or disseninate standards information.

The standardization activites sunmaries are grouped into three sections: associations, states, and agencies of the Federal Government. In each section, the sunmaries

are arranged alphabetically by organization. Two types of indexes are included in

SP 417 to assist the reader in identifying an activity: (1) a si±)ject of index key words

taken from the sunmaries; and (2) a listing of organizations classified into 24 subject

areas.

17. KEY WORDS (six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitalize only the first letter of the first key word unless a proper name; separated by semicolons) Codes; consensus systemj Dicectory; Federal Government—standard

ization; industry standards activities; national standards activites; recomiended practices; specifications; standardization activities; standards; states—standardization

18. AVAILABILITY [X Unlimited

1 1 For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

IX I Order From Sup. of Doc, U.S. Government Printing Office

Washington. D.C. 20402. SD Cat. No. C13.1 0^417

1 1 Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

Springfield, Virginia 22151

19. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS REPORT)

UNCL ASSIFIED

21. NO. OF PAGES

228

20. SECURITY CLASS

(THIS PAGE)

UNCLASSIFIED

22. Price

$6. 75

USCOMM-DC 29042-P74