REGISTRATION

264-267 

 Vol.8 
1
Bayer Crop Science 

July 15,2010 

Document Processing Desk (NOTIF) 

Registration Division (7505P) 

Office of Pesticide Progrmns 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

One Potomac Yard (South Building) 

2777 S. Crystal Drive 

Arlington, VA 22202 

Attn: Mr. Tony Kish (PM 22) 

Subject: ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator, EPA Registration. 

No.264-267 Submission of Final Printed Label 

Dear Mr. Bazuin and Mr. Kish: 

Enclosed with this cover letter, please find one copy of the final printed 

labeling for ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator. This submission will 

satisfy the condition of registration for as specified in your letter of June 29, 

2010. 

A completed EPA form 8570-1 accompanies this cover. 

If you have questions regarding our response or require additional 

information, please contact me. 

Sincerely, 

Laura Phelps 

Regulatory Affairs, Herbicides & PGRs 

Bayer CropScience 

2 T. W. Alexander DIive 

RTP, NC 27709 

office: 919-549-2302 

email: laura.phelps@bayercropscience.com 

A 

BAYER 

E 

R 

Bayer CropScience 

P. O. Box 12014 

2. T. W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park. NC 27709 

2
Print Form 

PI ..... /'fI.d flUtNctio_ 0" /'fI""". b.f.,.. t:O 01 •• fa F =A, roved. .v1B No. 2070'()o60 

United Stato. @ Registration opp Identifier Number 

&EPA Environmental Protection Agency Amendment 

WII.hington, DC 20460 

X Other 

Application for Pesticide· Section I 

t. CompenyJProduct Number 2. EPA Product Menager 3. Propo.ed CI .... iflc .. tion 

264-267 M. Tony Kish DNOM D Reatricted 4. cemp .. ntroduct (Name) PM. 

ETHREL ® rand Ethephon Plant Regulator 22 

5. Name and Addr .. ea of Applicant (Include ZIP C<Jd.J 6. Expedited Review. In accordance with FIFRA Section 3(c)(31 

Bayer CropScience LP Ib)(iI, my product is similar or Identical In composition and labeling 

P. O. Box 12014; 2 T. W. Alexander Dr. to: 

Research Trianqle Park, NC 27709 D EPA Reg. No. 

o Check if this is. I18W addrtl$$ Product Name 

Section -Ii 

D Amandm .. nt - Explain below. 0 Final printed labal. in "'ponee to June 29, 201 0 

Agency leuer deted 

D Resubml •• ion In r"'pon, .. to Agency I .. ttor deted D ·Me Too· Applio .. tion. 

D Notificetion _ Explein below. D Othar - Expl.in below. 

Explanation: U.e edditlonel pliO. lsi If nacoaa.ry. IFor .action I ond Section II.) 

A final printed label is submitted as a condition for ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator label amendment as stipulated in the 

Agency's letter of June 29,2010 (EPA Decision Number 043151 1). 

Section - Iii 

1. Met .. rial Thil: Product Will a. Packagod In: 

Child·R .. istent Pockoging Unit Peckaging Water Solublo Packaging 2. Type of Container Bv,,' Bv" a N. N. v" N. §M". Plutlc 

Gle.e 

- CI1I1ifiClltion must 

I, .. y .... No. por If -Yes" No. per Paper 

Unit Pockaging wgt. containor Packege wgt container Othor ISpecify) be submitttHI 

I 

3. location of Net Contentt Information 4. Sizel.) Rot .. n Conteiner 5. location of lab .. 1 Direction' 

D o Container 

B On label 

lsbel On lebeling eccompenying produci 

6. Mannar in Which lebel ie Affixed to Product 

~ Uthoglaph D Other 

Paper Pclued 

Stonci od 

Section - IV 

t. Contect Point (Compf.t. items directly bfllow for idenlification of ;ndivir/w,f to b. conractlld, if ntlctl$$/lry, to proCtl$$ this eppJictJtlon.J 

N.~ Titl .. T.'tp'l)!le N ... Unclt':il Aree Codel 

Laura Phelps Reg. Affairs Specialist 

Certification ' , , , " : 6. C.&I" '.-\llillic6tion 

I c .. rtify thet the ,totemontlli' I heve made on this: form and all attachmant$ ther .. to oro truo, .. ccurate und complar, ' R.coivad 

I ecknowledge thet .ny knowingly fo,l ... or mislellding statement mey be punillheble by fino or imprisonment or 

both under applicable law. •• 

(St~'mpedl 

2.Sign .. ~ 

'fPhvrJ 

3. rrtle 

rxcu.vICc Reg. Affairs Specialist 

4. Typed Name 5.o .. te 

Laura Phelps July 1 S, 2010 

. . EPA Form 8570-1 (A.v. 8-941 ProVlouil edition, alII obsolete • WhIt •• EPA FIIt1 Copy lorIglnail v_Uow • AppUcant Copy 

3
Nar REVIEWED 

In Accordance wiith PR Notice 82-2 

Based On Draft Labeling Dated 

® ETH RE l brand Ethephon 

J<-ciy IS;, dole? 

Plant Regulator 

For Commercial Or Agricultural Use Only. Not For Residential Use. 

For use on Apples, Blackberries, Blueberries, Cantaloupes, Cherries, Grapes, Peppers, Pineapple, 

Sugarcane, Tobacco, Tomatoes, Walnuts, and for the removal of Dwarf Mistletoe in Ornamental Conifers and 

Leafy Mistletoe in Ornamental Deciduous Trees and for the elimination of undesirable fruit on Apple, 

Crabapple, Carob, and Olive trees. 

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid]* ..................................................................... 21.7% 

INERT INGREDIENTS: ......................................................................................................................................... 78.3% 

*Contarns 2 pounds ethephon per gallon. 

EPA Reg. No. 264·267 EPA Est. No. 264·PA·01 

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

DANGER PELIGRO 

Si usted no enliende la etique!a. busque a alguien para que se la explique a usted en detalle. 

(!f you do no! understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in de!ai!.) 

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800--334-7577 

For PRODUCT USE Information Call1-888-AVENTIS (1-888-283-6847) 

FIRST AID 

IF IN EYES: • Ho!d eye open and rinse slowly and gently wilh wafer for 15·20 minu!es. 

• Remove contact lenses, if presen!, after the firs! 5 minutes, then con!inue rinsing. 

• Call a poison control cen!er or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF SWALLOWED: • Immediately call a pOison con!rol center or doclor for !reatment advice. 

• Do no! induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

• Have person sip a glass of wafer if able to swallow. 

• Do not ~ive anythinQ by mouth to an unconscious person. 

IFON SKIN OR • Take off con!aminated clothing. 

CLOTH!NG: • Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. 

• Call a poison control cen!er or doctor for treatmen! advice. 

IF INHALED: • Move person to fresh air, 

• !f person is not breathing. call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respira!ion, preferably mouth-to· 

mou!h if possible. 

• Cal! a poison control center or doc!or for further treatment advice. 

For MEDICAL Emergencies Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800..J34-7S77. 

Have the product container or label with you when callinQ a poison control center or doctor or ooinQ for trea!ment. 

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage. No spec.ijlc <lntido!e is lotv&:P!able. All 

treatments should be based on observed signs and symptoms of dis!ress in the patien!. Overexposwe !e, lT,aterials o!her than this 

product may have occurred. 

Vic!ims of severe overexposure by inhalation should be kept under medical observalion for up to 72 "loUr> for c91ayed onset of 

pulmonary edema. In a vic!im of overexposure by ingestion, careful gas!ric lavage is required due to the. pussibility Of stomach or 

esophageal perforalion. This material is an acid. but the use of alkaline substances to neu!ralize it is contrail')dica!ed. 

4
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

DANGER 

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Wear safety goggles when handling. Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Do not 

get in eyes or on clothing. Avoid contact with skin. Do not inhale vapors as this product will irritate mucous membranes. 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

Some materials that are chemical-resistant to this product are listed below. If you want more options, follow the instructions for Category 

A on an EPA chemical-resistance selection chart. 

Applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof 

material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, shoes plus socks and protective eyewear. 

When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection 

Standard for agricultural pestiCides {WPSl [40 CFR 170.240 {d} {4-6lL the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as 

specified in the WPS. 

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this products concentrate. Do not 

reuse them. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and 

hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. 

User Safety Recommendations 

Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 

Users should remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash body thoroughly and change into clean clothing. The 

contaminated clothing should be washed before reuse. 

Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean 

clothing. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. 

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not 

contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

It is a violation of Federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. 

Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may 

be in the area during application. For any requirements specific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide 

regulations. Read entire label before using this product. 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. This standard contains 

requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural 

pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains specific 

instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPE), notification to 

workers, and restricted-entry intelYals. The requirements in this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker 

Protection Standard. 

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. The REI is 72 hours in areas 

where average rainfall is less than 25 inches per year. 

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with 

anything that has been treated such as plants, soil or water is coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant 

gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, chemical resistant footwear plus socks, and goggles 

or face shield. For overhead exposure, chemical-resistant headgear is also required. 

Notify workers of the application by warning them orally and by posting warning signs at entrance to treated areas. 

2 

5
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

PESTICIDE STORAGE 

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage and disposal. 

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL 

Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. 

If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control 

Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. 

Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. 

CONTAINER DISPOSAL 

Rigid, Non-refillable containers small enough to shake (Le., with capacities equal to or less than 5 gallons) 

Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse or pressure rinse container (or 

equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and 

drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container f/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into 

application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for fO seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat 

this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill. 

ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR 

Promotes earlier, uniform coloring of mature FLUE-CURED TOBACCO. Promotes earlier coloration and maturity of TOMATOES, 

GRAPES, APPLES, and PEPPERS. Loosens CHERRIES, WALNUTS, and APPLES for earlier, more efficient harvest. Promotes fruit 

abscission (slipping) in CANTALOUPES. Increases dormant fruit bud hardiness and delayed spring bloom of SWEET CHERRIES in the 

Pacific Northwest. Accelerates BLACKBERRY ripening and loosening. Concentrates BLUEBERRY maturity and aids in barrenberry 

control, pineapple flower inductlon, pineapple maturity concentration, sugarcane flower prevention and biomass increase. Removes 

dwarf mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL CONIFERS and leafy mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS TREES. Eliminates 

undesirable fruit on APPLE, CRABAPPLE, CAROB, and OLIVE trees. 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

For local recommendations on rates, spray volumes (gallons of water per acre), and spray equipment under varying temperature and 

rainfall conditions consult your Extension Pomologist, Horticultural Specialist, Bayer CropScience Representative or Farm Advisor for 

his experience with this product in your area. 

APPLICATION VOLUMES AND SPRAY COVERAGE 

Thorough spray coverage is essential to achieve maximum product effectiveness. Spray coverage is affected by choice of equipment, 

nozzle selection and spray boom setup as well as spray pressure, plant size and canopy density. For both air and ground applications, it 

is important to choose an equipment setup that will assure thorough coverage of plant canopy (foliage and fruit). The actual spray 

volume required will vary with the size and density of the plant canopy and the equipment used. In California and Arizona use a volume 

of no less than 5 gallons per acre for aerial applicatlons. 

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 

Do not contaminate water used for irrigatlon or domestic purposes. 

Avoid spray drift to nearby crops as this product will cause modifications in plant growth. Plant injury or reduced yields will result. 

Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. 

DO NOT MIX ETHREL® WITH AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE. SUCH TANK MIXTURES MAY RESULT IN FORMATION OF TOXIC 

FUMES. 

Add Yo: to 0/. of the required amount of water to the spray tank. Start agitation. Add the required amount of ETHREl ® brand Ethephon 

Plant Regulator. 

Mix only the amount of spray you expect to use each day. Do not allow mixed solution to stand overnight. 

Do not use ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with additives other than recommended on this label. 

Avoid spills of concentrated product on spray equipment or airplane parts. 

IMMEDIATELY RINSE ANY SPILLS WITH PLENTY OF WATER AS ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR IS 

CORROSIVE. 

IMPORTANT: Do not apply ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator through any type of irrigation system. 

Do not use this product for purposes other than those listed on the label. 

Do not exceed the rate of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator per acre per year recommended on this label. 

3 

6
SPRAY DRIFT 

Avoid spray drift. Do not apply when weather conditions may cause drift. Do not allow this product to drift on to non-target areas. Drift 

may result in illegal residues or injury to adjacent crops and vegetation, in the form of leaf yellowing and defoliation. To avoid spray drift, 

DO NOT apply aerially when wind speed is greater than 10 mph or during periods of temperature inversions. Use of Jarger droplet size 

wiU also reduce spray drift. 

AVOIDING SPRAY DRIFT AT THE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATOR. 

The interaction of many equipment-and-weather-related factors determine the potential for spray drift. The applicator is responsible for 

considering all these factors when making decisions. 

The following drift management requirements must be followed to avoid off-target movement from aerial applications to agricultural field 

crops. These requirements do not apply to forestry applications, publlc health uses or to applications using dry formulations. 

1. The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 3/4 the length of the wingspan or rotor. 

2. Nozzles must always point backward parallel with the air stream and never be pOinted downwards more than 45 degrees. 

Where states have more stringent regulations, they should be observed. 

The applicator should be familiar with and take into account the information covered in the Aerial Drift Reduction Advisory below: 

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY 

INFORMATION ON DROPLET SIZE 

The most effective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplets. The best drift management strategy is to apply the largest 

droplets that provide sufficient coverage and control. Applying larger droplets reduces drift potential, but will not prevent drift if 

applications are made improperly, or under unfavorable environmental conditions (See Wind. Temperature and Humidity, and 

Temperature Inversions). 

CONTROLLING DROPLET SIZE 

Volume - Use high flow rate nozzles to apply the highest practical spray volume. Nozzles with higher rated flows produce larger 

droplets. 

Pressure - Do not exceed the nozzle manufacturer's recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger 

droplets. When higher flow rates are needed, use higher flow rate nozzles instead of increasing pressure. 

Number of nozzles - Use the minimum number of nozzles that provide uniform coverage. 

Nozzle Orientation - Orienting nozzles so that the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other 

orientations and is the recommended practice. Significant deflection from horizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drift potential. 

Nozzle Type - Use a nozzle type that is designed for the intended application. With most nozzle types, narrower spray angles produce 

larger droplets. Consider using low-drift nozzles. Solid stream nozzles oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowest 

drift. 

BOOM LENGTH 

For some use patterns, reducing the effective boom length to less than 3/4 of the wingspan or rotor length may further reduce drift 

without reducing swath width. 

APPLICATION HEtGHT 

Applications should not be made at a height greater than 10 feet above the top of the target plants unless a greater height is required 

for aircraft safety. Making applications at the lowest height that is safe reduces exposure of droplets to evaporation and wind. 

SWATH ADJUSTMENT 

When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath will be displaced downwind. Therefore, on the up and downwind edges of the 

field, the applicator should compensate for this displacement by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind. Swath adjustment distance 

should increase, with increasing drift potential (higher wind, smaller drops, etc.). 

WIND 

Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds of 2 - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet size and equipment type 

determine drift potenllal at any given speed. Application should be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind direction and high 

inversion potential. NOTE: Local terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and 

how they affect spray drift. 

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 

When making applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet 

evaporation is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry. 

4 

7
TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 

Applications should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potential is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air 

mixing, which causes small suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due 

to the light variable winds common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperatures with altitude 

and are common on nights with limited cloud cover and light to no wind. They begin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the 

morning. Their presence can be indicated by ground fog; however, if fog is not present. inversions can also be identified by the 

movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves laterally in a concentrated 

cloud (under low wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical 

air mixing. 

SENSITIVE AREAS 

The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, 

known habitat for threatened or endangered species, non-target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive 

areas). 

EQUIPMENT CLEANING 

Because of the acidic nature of this product, prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastics, certain paints, and 

metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic-plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure to 

spray deposits. 

5 

8
APPLES 

APPLES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes fruit maturity and loosens apples. making harvest by 

hand or machine easier and more efficient. ETHREL® applied in combination with FRUITONE@ N to control pre-harvest drop 

stimulates early development of red color and ripening without loosening fruit. Applied to young trees, ETHREL ® will suppress 

vegetative growth and promote flower bud formation. 

Crop Situation 

FRUIT LOOSENING 

1. EARLY AND 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

Mclntosh or 

earlier) 

2. LATE 

MATURING 

VARIETIES IN 

THE EASTERN 

UNITED STATES 

(varieties 

maturing later 

than Mcintosh) 

PROMOTION OF 

UNIFORM 

RIPENING AND 

COLORING OF RED 

VARIETIES 

WITHOUT 

LOOSENING 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

2 112 

5 

Specific Directions 

Apply a foliar spray to apple trees 7 to 14 

days prior to normal anticipated harvest. 

Use sufficient water for thorough unifonn 

spray coverage. The type of sprayer used 

and size of trees will affect volume 

required. 

Observe fruit daily as the proper picking 

period is shorter with ETHREL® treated 

fruit than untreated fruit. 

Do not exceed 1.25 pounds aiJA per 

season. 

Apply foliar spray of ETHREL® and a 

preharvest drop control chemical 

registered for use on apples such as the 

product FRUITONE® N. Use the 

preharvest drop control product according 

to label directlons. Begin spraying 2 to 3 

weeks before normal harvest period and 

about 1 to 2 weeks before desired 

harvest date. 

1. EARLY OR 1-4 

MIDSEASON Apply as a normal dilute spray using 

MATURING sufficient water for thorough uniform 

VARIETIES coverage. Actual volume will depend on 

(varieties the type of delivery of sprayer used and 

maturing with size of trees. 

Mclntosh or Use the lower rate for apples intended for 

f-_e_a_"_'e_')C-___ -t _____ -\ storage. 

2. LATE 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing later 

than Mcintosh) 

2-4 Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ailA per 

season. 

Remarks 

ETHREL ® provides several beneficial responses 

on apples. Depending on rate and time of 

application ETHREL ® will: promote fruit loosening, 

promote uniform ripening and coloring without 

loosening, promote thinning and return bloom, and 

increase flower bud development in young trees. 

For desired response, follow specific directions. 

Treat when air temperatures are between 60" F 

and 90" F. However, application may be made at 

50" F under rising temperature conditions. If 

daytime temperatures are warm, color response 

from ETHREL® treatment will be reduced, but 

ripening and loosening effects will be accelerated. 

Cool weather may extend the interval between 

treatment and harvest. 

Do not allow fruit to become overripe on trees. 

Fruit intended for fresh market must be checked 

for quality and maturity. Color alone is not an 

adequate guide for fruit maturity. Use a pressure 

gauge or other sultable methods for determining 

internal maturity. Fruit over-matured when 

harvested and stored may soften sooner than 

untreated fruit. 

Do not apply ETHREL® to more acreage than can 

be harvested in 1 to 2 days. 

Treated fruit can be satisfactorily held in cold air 

storage provided fruit is in good condition. 

Since recommendations for chemical control of 

preharvest drop vary according to location and 

variety, follow directlons on the FRUITONE® N 

label. In addition, you may consult your local 

extension Pomologist or Horticulturist for his 

recommendations. 

6 

9
ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintsfAcre 

THINNING AND 

RETURN BLOOM 

1. Most Varieties 1.5 - 4 

2. Difficult to Thin 3·6 

Varieties Such 

as Golden 

Delicious 

INCREASED 

FLOWER BUD 

DEVELOPMENT 

1. NON-BEARING 2-8 

TREES 

2. BEARING 1f2 - 3 

TREES 

Use Limitations 

APPLES 

(continued) 

Specific Directions 

Treat 10 to 20 days after full bloom. 

For greater thinning, this product can 

be mixed with AMID-THIN® W, 

SEVIN® brand 4F Carbaryl 

Insecticide, SEVIN® brand 80 WSP 

Carbaryl Insecticide. SEVIN® brand 

80 S Carbaryl Insecticide or SEVIN® 

brand XLR Plus Carbaryl Insecticide 

for use on apples in accordance with 

the most restrictive of the AMIDTHIN® W, SEVIN® and ETHREL® 

label limitations and precautions. No 

label dosage rates may be 

exceeded. ETHREL ® cannot be 

mixed with any product containing a 

label prohibition against such mixing. 

Consult local extension 

recommendations. 

Addition of a non·ionic surfactant can 

enhance treatment effectiveness. 

Buffering spray solution to a pH of 3 

to 5 can improve performance where 

water is alkaline. 

Use a spray volume sufficient to 

cover trees thorouqhlv and uniforml 

Spray trees thoroughly and uniformly 

to the point of runoff. Use the higher 

rate on more vigorous trees. 

Treat 2 to 4 weeks after full bloom. 

To help minimize fruit thinning, delay 

application until 6 weeks after full 

bloom and after June drop. 

Remarks 

Regulating cropping from one season to another is 

a problem. Whenever a high percent of the spurs 

and lateral buds bloom in a single season severe 

alternate bearing can develop the following year. 

To overcome this problem "" ETHREL® or a 

combination of ETHREL® plus AMID-THIN® W or 

ETHREL® plus one of the SEVIN® products fisted 

under Specific Directions applied 7 to 21 days after 

full bloom. The program to use will depend on the 

amount of thinning required and the biennial bearing 

history of your orchard. 

Expect Red Delicious to show a reduction of "type" 

and fruit size particularly on trees under stress. 

Use of higher label rates may reduce fruit size. 

To increase flower bud development on non-bearing 

trees apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® 2 to 4 weeks 

after bloom. 

Treatment can result in excessive fruit thinning and 

reduced fruit size and yield reduction the year of 

usage. ETHREL ® should reduce vegetative growth 

and increase flowering the following spring. Trees 

should be large enough to support a crop of apples 

before treatment to initiate flower buds. 

The use of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator can result in over thinning and reduced fruit size. 

Avoid double coverage and use on low vigor trees. 

Environmental factors can affect thinning and return bloom, it is advisable to obtain experience under your conditions by initially 

testing only a small percent of your trees each year with anyone program. 

User must consider risk of excessive fruit thinning and fruit size reduction when using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator on 

young trees just starting to bear. 

Treat only vigorous trees since excessive growth reduction will result in weak trees. 

For best results a thorough uniform spray is needed. A wetting agent may improve spray coverage. 

Do not graze or feed cover crops grown in treated apple orchards. 

Do not harvest apples treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 7 days after last application. 

Fruit size reduction may occur when used to obtain early maturity, especially if fruit is small at time of treatment. 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator applied earlier than 3 weeks before normal anticipated harvest may result in reduced 

fruit quality and size. 

FoRow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8.0 pints of this product (2.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

7 

10
BLACKBERRIES 

BLACKBERRiES IN OREGON AND WASHiNGTON: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will concentrate 

maturity and loosen fruit, improving harvesting efficiency while reducing cane injury from mechanical harvest. 

ETHREl® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

IN OREGON 5-8 To loosen fruit and concentrate maturity, Use ETHREL ®: t) early in the harvest season to 

AND apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® at least 3 reduce the number of pickings or 2) treat later in 

WASHINGTON days prior to expected harvest when air the harvest season for a once-over final picking. 

(Cultivars temperatures are between 60"F and gO°F 

Chehalem and rain is not predicted within 24 hours. 

Thornless and Use sufficient volume to insure thorough 

Evergreen) and uniform wettina of foliaae and fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not spray more than can be harvested on the third day following treatment as considerable fruit may drop. 

Use only at recommended times and rates on healthy, vigorous plants, as a reduction in berry size may occur. Do not use on 

damaged or diseased plants. 

Do not harvest blackberries treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

BLUEBERRIES 

BLUEBERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator concentrates maturity of blueberries for easier and more 

efficient harvest. A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will abort black barrenberry (Aronia me/anocatpa) flowers 

and/or fruit growing in Maine lowbush blueberry fields reducing the number of undesirable barrenberry fruit harvested with blueberries. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CONCENTRATION 4-8 Apply a foffar spray of ETHREL ® brand To concentrate first harvest, apply ETHREL® 

OF MATURITY Ethephon Plant Regulator at a rate of 4 to brand Ethephon Plant Regulator when 15 to 20% 

AND EARLIER 8 pints in 150 to 200 gallons of water per of the berries are blue. To concentrate final 

FRUIT COLORING acre. Use the higher spray volume and harvest, treat after the first or second picking. 

(Cultivars Bluecrop, rate on large dense foliage bushes or Harvest blueberries " proper maturity when 

Weymouth, Jersey, when temperatures are cool. Treat when colored, generally ooe '0 two weeks after 

Rancocas, Rubel, air temperatures are 60 to 90c> F. treatment. Observe fruit daily as the proper 

Bluetta, Erliblue, Thorough uniform spray coverage of picking period for optimum internal and external 

Wolcott, Croatan, foliage and fruit is essential for maximum quality is shorter with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

Murphy, Angola, fruit maturation ,od coloration. To aid Plant Regulator treated fruit than with untreated 

Morrow, Garden uniform wetting of plants, use a wetting fruit. High temperatures (900 F) accelerate fruit 

Blue, Trifblue and agent such as Triton B-1956 at 0.5 pint ripening. 

NC901) per tOO gallons or X-77 at 2.0 pints per ETHREL ® treatments may increase fruit with 

100 gallons. stems, slightly decrease fruit size, soluble solids 

and acidity. ETHREL ® may not induce internal 

rioenina as raoidlv as fruit color. 

BLACK 4-8 Apply 4 to 8 pints per acre of ETHREL® Use the lower rates of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

BARREN BERRY brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 100 to Plant Regulator when black barrenberries are 

CONTROL IN LOW 200 gallons of water per acre for ground between 90 to 100% petal faU and use the higher 

BUSH sprayers and 10 gallons of water per acre rates of ETHREL ® when black barrenberry fruit is 

BLUEBERRIES IN for aerial application. 1/8 to 3/16 inch in diameter. This is generally 7 to 

MAINE Thorough uniform spray coverage ;$ 10 days after blueberries are in the same stages 

essential. To aid in uniform wetting of of development. Harvest blueberry fruit when 

plants, use a wetting agent such as X-77 ripe, generally 6 to 8 weeks after application. 

at 0.1% of the spray volume. 

Use Limitations 

Applications to cultivars other than those listed above may cause excessive steminess and/or premature crops. 

Make no more than one application per season. 

If used for barrenberry control in Maine, do not make a second application for blueberry concentration of maturity or coloring. 

Do not treat blueberry plants under drought stress or excessively high temperatures as defoliation and reduced yield may regult. 

11
CANTALOUPES 

CANTALOUPES IN CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA, AND TEXAS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Elhephon Plant Regulator promotes 

abscission (Slipping) of fruil allowing more efficient and economical harvesting. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CALIFORNIA. 3 Good spray coverage ;s The effect will be faster al higher temperatures. Proper liming of 

ARIZONA, important foc producing ETHREL ® treatment is critical, but may vary from season to 

TEXAS uniform abscission. Use 40 season. Fruit quality, in terms of soluble solids and flesh color, 

oc more gallons/acre foc does not improve following treatment. Therefore, ETHREL ® should 

ground "d 10 oc more nol be used until after fruil has developed marketable levels of 

gallons/acre foc aerial soluble solids and flesh color. ETHREL® promotes abscission of 

application. (Aerial immature fruit as well as marketable fruit. Thus, using ETHREL® applications "e only too soon will result in poorly colored fruit with substandard soluble permitted in Texas.) solids. 

Be prepared 10 harvest Observe treated fields frequenlly and pick fruit when market quality abscised fruit 2 to 5 days is reached. Fruit allowed to remain in the field too long will lose after treatment. The exact quality. Some yellowing or rapid aging of vines will be seen pre-harvest interval will vary following treatment. Plants with low vigor will not respond properly. with temperature. Be sore Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. 10 coordinate your 

ha~~s1ting schedule with 

I vour acker/shiooer. 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator should not be applied when night temperatures are below 50°F. 

Treat only those fruit that have a fairly uniform fruit set, have vines in good condition. and have fruit with marketable soluble solids 

and internal flesh color. Do not treat fields where soluble solids are running less than 10%. 

Do not harvest cantaloupes treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 3 pints of this product (0.75 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

9 

12
CHERRIES 

Except California 

CHERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator loosens fruit and promotes early uniform ripening. and 

reduces the shaker force needed to mechanically harvest fruit. These effects are important for increasing efficiency, recoverable yields, 

maintaining fruit quality and reducing tree injury. DO NOT USE ON CHERRIES IN CALIFORNIA. A fall application of ETHREL ® to 

sweet cherries in the Pacific Northwest area increases dormant bud hardiness and delays bloom the following spring. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

TART Dilute Spray Apply a, a dilute spray with sufficient water for 

CHERRIES 1 thorough, uniform coverage. The optimum spray 

volume will depend on tree size, planting density and 

eaui ment used. 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2/3 to 1 

SWEET Dilute Spray App!y a, a dilute spray with sufficient water for Expect a longer treatment to 

CHERRIES 3 to 4 thorough uniform coverage. Actual volume will depend harvest interval with lower rates. 

(varieties such as on the type of delivery, sprayer used and size of trees. 

Windsor, Use low rates on the light or yellow-colored varieties. 

Napoleon-Royal 

Anne, Emperor 

Francis) 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2-3 

!NCREASED 3 Treat in first two weeks of September. A fan application of ETHREL® will 

DORMANT increase fruit bod hardiness by 

FRUIT BUD decreasing the chance for winter 

HARDINESS injury and delaying bloom by 3 to 5 

AND DELAYED days which may help avoid frost 

SPR!NG BLOOM iniury. Treatment of ear!y flowering 

(Sweet Cherries varieties may delay bloom to better 

in the Pacific coincide with pollination from other 

Northwest) varieties. 

Use Limitations 

Not for use on cherries in California. 

Apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regu!ator in a minimum spray volume of 50 gallons per acre. 

Do not treat too early as this can cause early fruit drop with stems attached. 

Some gummosis of cherry trees is associated with treatment. 

High temperatures during and after application may cause severe gummosis. 

Do not treat trees that had severe gummosis the previous year as tree damage will result. 

Do not apply to trees that are of !ow vigor or have experienced severe stress (such as winter injury, drought, or disease), since 

gummosis will be excessive, particularly when high temperatures and/or drought fo!!ow treatment. 

!f possible, irrigate orchards to prevent drought stress resulting in gummosis. 

Do not harvest cherries treated with ETHREL® sooner than 7 days after !ast application. 

At the time of application, all fruit including those inside the tree canopy, should be in stage 3 as indicated by rapid size increase and 

the presence of ground color (change from bright green to yellow background color). Treat when air temperatures are between 60 

and 85~F. Do not treat when air temperatures exceed 85QF. Uniform coverage is important, concentrated sprays associated with 

erratic application can result in gummosis and tip die back. 

Some early !eaf yellowing and drop may be noted following application. 

Slight gummosis and individual fruit size reduction may result with fall application bud hardiness treatment. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 4.0 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

10 

13
GRAPES 

(Only in California and Arizona) 

GRAPES (TABLE GRAPES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA): An application of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

early uniform color development on table grape varieties such as Cardinal, Emperor, Flame seedless, Red Malaga. Queen and Tokay 

allowing more efficient harvests of quality fruit 

GRAPES (RAISIN PRODUCTION): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will hasten maturity of Thompson 

seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, increased sugars and increased raisin quality, 

Crop Situation 

TABLE GRAPES 

(such as 

Cardinal, Flame 

Seedless, Red 

Malaga, and 

Queen) 

TOKAY GRAPES 

RAISIN 

PRODUCTION 

(Thompson 

Seedless) 

Use Limitations 

Table Grapes 

ETHREL® 

PintsfAcre 

1/2 - 2 

t- 2 

1-2 

Specific Directions 

For high lemperature conditions 

(above 85°F) use lower rates of 

112 to 1 pint per acre. For low 

temperature conditions (but above 

65"F) use higher rates. Apply in 

sufficienl water to wet vines and 

fruit clusters uniformly, using 

conventional ground sprayers. 

Treat when 5 - 30% of berries 

show color. 

Treat Tokays when 5 - 15% of 

berries show color. 

Apply as a foliar spray at 5% berry 

softening. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

Remarks 

Harvest fruit at desired maturity and quality as indicated by 

sugar content, acidity and color. This is generally two 

weeks or more after treatment. Watch treated areas closely 

and harvest before berries become too dark. For more 

information regarding local experiences with this product on 

grapes, consult your Fam> Advisor " Exlension 

Viticulturist. 

A foliar spray of ETHREL® will hasten maturity of 

Thompson Seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, 

increased sugars and increased raisin quality. For more 

information regarding local experience with this product on 

araoes consult vour Farm Advisor or Extension Viticulturist. 

Rates higher than 1 pintlA may increase the incidence of cracked fruit and should be used only in areas or during weather conditions 

where grapes have been especially hard-to-color in past seasons. 

Some berry softening is associated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator treatment of some varieties which may limit or 

influence storage considerations. 

Do not store Tokays. 

Do not harvest grapes trealed wilh ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 14 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Raisin Production (Thompson Seedless) 

Do not apply to grapes under slress from insect damage or moisture stress. Observe treated vineyards closely and harvest at proper 

maturity as determined by sugar acid levels. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

14
PEPPERS 

PEPPERS: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform ripening and coloring for more efficient 

packing and handling of fruit 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PEPPERS 1 1/4 - 4 Thorough coverage is essential. For ground or air Check several field locations to determine 

application choose equipment and spray volumes crop stage aod degree of maturity. 

that will insure uniform coverage of foliage and fruit. ETHREL® treatments may reduce total 

Use the higher rate when cool temperatures are yields if applied too early or there is a lack 

anticipated (less than 65°F), when plants are of uniform, mature, green fruit resulting 

growing vigorously or when foliage is dense to from split fruit set or variable soil cultural 

assure thorough wetting of all leaves and fruit. practices. Harvest fruit after desired color 

Use the lower rates with lower spray volumes (1 114 and maturity are attained, generally 14 or 

to 2 pint rate in 20 gallA) and higher rates with more days after treatment. 

higher volumes (3-4 pints/40 gallA). The 3-4 pint 

rate in less than 40 gpa may cause foliage burn 

under hot dry conditions. 

Apply ETHREL® to bell peppers when 10% of fruit 

are red and chocolate and to chili and pimento 

pepper varieties when 10 to 30% of fruit are red and 

chocolate and there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce desired tonnage. ETHREL ® will not ripen 

immature, Qreen fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply when prolonged average high temperatures of 95"F after treatment are expected. 

Do not treat when temperatures exceed 100"F. Applications made under high temperatures will accentuate fruit ripening, yellowing of 

foliage, defoliation and immature fruit abscission. 

Do not treat when average temperatures are below 60"F. Low temperatures after treatment may reduce or negate the effects of 

ETHREL®brand Ethephon Plant Regulator. 

Some yellowing and general aging of leaves will be noted after treatment. 

Do not harvest peppers treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 4 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

NOTE: Under certain conditions tank mixtures of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with desiccants containing sodium 

chlorate could result in the formation of hypochlorous acids which on heating will emit toxic chloride fumes. 

12 

15
CROP AND 

USE 

PINEAPPLE 

Flower Induction 

ETHREL® applied to 

pineapple plants will 

stimulate uniform 

initiation of flowering. 

Maturity 

Concentration 

ETHREL ® application 

will stimulate uniform 

shell color 

development 

SUGARCANE 

Flower Prevention 

ETHREL ® application 

will prevent or reduce 

flowering and pithy 

tissue formation. 

Biomass Increase 

ETHREL ® used to 

prevent flowering can 

also result in 

increased biomass 

accumulation and 

recoverable sugar 

yield. 

RATE PER 

ACRE 

2 -4 quarts 

1 -4 quarts 

2 pints 

PINEAPPLE AND SUGARCANE 

SPRAY 

VOLUME 

100 to 500 

gallA 

100 to 300 

gallA 

7 gallA 

minimum 

APPLICATION TIMING 

'Bearing age' about 12 

months after planting. 

Generally about 6 months 

prior to desired haNest. 

When the first fruit begin 

to change color. 

SPECIFIC COMMENTS RESTRICTIONS 

Proper rate will vary with Do not graze pineapple 

!ocal growing conditions, forage trealed with 

varieties, plantation ETHREL ® Do not harvest 

management practices pineapples trealed with 

and time of year. Use the ETHREL ® sooner than 2 

higher rate where earlier days after the last 

harvest is desired. Apply application. 

when pineapple foliage is 

de;. 

Use a broadcast spray, 

thoroughly cover both 

foliage and fruit. Use the 

higher rate during periods 

of cool or cloudy weather 

when normal ripening has 

slowed. 

Just prior to 

initiation. 

flower Apply by fixed wing aircraft 

or helicopter using equipment designed to give 

uniform coverage. 

Do not harvest sugarcane 

treated with ETHREL ® 

sooner than 2 months 

after1he last application. 

Do not graze sugarcane 

forage treated with 

ETHREL®. 

Actual biomass increase 

will be affected by the time 

between treatment and 

harvest. 

Consider anticipated recoverable sugars as well 

as biomass to determine 

optimum harvest date. For Use in Hawaii Only. 

13 

16
TOBACCO 

(Flue-Cured Only) 

TOBACCO (FLUE-CURED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform "yellowing" of mature 

tobacco. ETHREL® reduces curing time, allowing more efficient use of curing barn space, and increased control over harvest 

schedules. 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator increases the capacity of the curing barn by shortening the curing time and allows 

adjustments in harvest schedules. ETHREL ® can be used as a directed spray to the bottom or middle portion of the tobacco plant or as 

an over-the-top spray. ETHREL® is not intended or recommended for use on immature tobacco. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions 

D!RECTED 4 Use drop nozzles. Choose TG or OC spray tips deSigned to apply 50 - 60 gpa at 35-40 psi and at 

SPRAY tractor speed of 2-3 mph. Use 2 nozzles per row; one on each side of the row dropped low 

APPLICATION enough to direct the spray to the leaves to be ripened and harvested. Thorough spray 

coverage is essential. With a directed spray, be sure to harvest all leaves with 20% or more 

I yellowinq. 

OVER-THE-TOP 4-B Treat only Vllhen leaves remaining on the stalk are mature. To ensure remaining leaves are 

APPLICATION mature, test spray several tobacco plants as described under the section "Application Timing". 

Use the lower rate in a normally mature crop when experience indicates that minimum ripening 

inducement is required. Use the higher rate when the crop is heavy and has a tendency to be 

more rank or when temperatures are lower than normal. Always test spray to determine if the 

tobacco is mature enough to respond to treatment with ETHREL ®. 

Apply over-the-top ETHREL® spray as a fine mist using three nozzles (one nozzle tip over the 

center of the plant, and one on each side) to assure all leaves are covered thoroughly, similar to 

the application pattern of systemic sucker control agents. Use a spray pressure of 40 to 60 psi. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to immature leaves as this can result in unsatisfactory coloring, weight 

loss and reduced leaf quality. 

Do not allow the crop to over ripen in the field after using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator, since this may cause some 

reduction in yield and quality. 

Do not treat before anticipated major storm which could prevent harvest and result in crop loss. 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator if rain is expected within 6 hours. 

Do not harvest tobacco treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

APPLICATION TIMING 

Successful results with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator call for treatment when leaves are mature, not overly rank green 

when sprayed. To easily determine the proper treatment timing and the number of leaves per stalk ready for harvest, test spray several 

plants in more than one location in each field and observe the response. Mature leaves will begin to yellow in 24 to 72 hours. Test 

leaves that fail to yellow in 72 hours are not mature and are not ready for ETHREL ® treatment. Wait a few days to permit further natural 

maturing, then make another test spray or "maturity" check. 

Determine acres to treat by first confirming the number of leaves per plant that will color, then use barn capacity to calculate the number 

of acres to treat. 

A test spray can be prepared by mixing 4 teaspoons of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 1 quart of water. Apply about 1 

ounce to each test plant covering all leaves with a fine mist. ETHREL lID will not color immature leaves. 

To avoid quality loss and/or possible leaf drop, harvest any yellowed leaves prior to application. Use lower rates under most conditions. 

Limit use of higher rates to cool (below 65"F at the time of treatment) slow ripening conditions. 

WHEN TO HARVEST 

All mature, sprayed leaves will begin to color within 24 to 72 hours after ETHREL ® application. The yellowing process is weather 

dependent; cool weather will delay, while hot, sunny weather can speed up the process. Harvest treated tobacco when leaves have 

reached the desired color intensity. 

14 

17
Harvest can commence 48 hours after ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator application. To determine harvest timing and avoid 

quality loss or leaf drop, closely monitor treated crop and weather conditions. 

CURING ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR TREATED TOBACCO 

Curing procedures are as much an art as a science and each cure must be judged on the basis of tobacco condition, interval between 

treatment and harvest, weather and type of curing facility before prescription temperature and ventilation schedules can be established. 

To obtain maximum quality, care must be taken to observe and control the curing process closely, especially during the late "coloring" 

and early "drying" stages of the leaf. 

Ethephon treated tobacco will have started the coloring process when harvested, reducing the time required in the coloring phase of 

curing. Treated tobacco should be dried faster. If tobacco leaves are green or contain some green when harvested, it may be necessary 

to color them for a few hours. If the leaves are completely yellow, temperature and ventilation must be adjusted in a manner adequate to 

dry the tobacco as fast as possible without scalding. Once the leaf is dried (3/4 dry), you should follow nOmlal procedures for curing. 

Since ETHREL ® treated leaves cure faster, treated and untreated leaves should not be cured together in the same barn. 

TOMATOES 

TOMATOES (PROCESSED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates and concentrates tomato 

ripening increasing recoverable fruit yield from a once-over harvest. Plant Regulator application starts the normal ripening process 

earlier and increases the rate of ripening of mature green fruit concentrating maturity. Concentrated maturity enables high recoverable 

yields of ripe tomatoes in once-over harvest. Early concentrated maturity extends the normal harvest season and helps growers 

schedule harvest and handling more effectively. 

TOMATOES (FRESH MARKET IN CALIFORNIA): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates tomato 

ripening increasing the early yields of marketable ripe fruit. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 11/4-3 t14 Apply 1 Yo to 3 Yo pints per acre of Apply ETHREL® when desired tonnage of fruit has 

TOMATOES ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant reached marketable size eod maturity. Check fields 

Early and Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons closely for stage and degree of uniform maturity prior to 

Midseason Crops per acre for ground application and a application. Sample several plants throughout the field to 

or Waml minimum of to gallons per acre for detemline proper spray date. Sort, weigh and calculate 

Conditions aerial application. Apply when 5% to the percent fruit which is red and pink, including breakers. 

t5% of the fruit in the field are red Fruit size alone is not an adequate indicator. Observe 

and pink (including breakers) and specific directions to determine treatment stage for your 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to situation. Walk treated fields frequently to evaluate crop 

produce the desired tonnage. condition. Maintain normal cultural practice between 

Under high temperatures (above 85 treatment and harvest. Timely harvest is essential for 

F), rates as low as t tl4 pints/acre maximum return of high quality fruit. Consult processor 

can be effective. representatives concerning delivery schedules eod 

Thorough coverage is essential. Foe quotas prior to application of ETHREL ®. 

ground or air application choose Consult your local Bayer Crop Science Representative, 

equipment and spray volumes that Extension Horticultural Specialist or Farm Advisor for 

will assure unifoml spray coverage of suggestions on the proper use of ETHREL ® when fields 

foliage eod fruit. Overdosing ITom have variable plant vigor due to differences in soil 

overlapping swaths or spray nozzle conditions or cultural practices and for rates of fruit 

patterns can cause severe foliage ripening as affected by temperature, within the rate and 

injury. If bands are sprayed over the timing limitations shown on the label. 

row, reduce the amount of ETHREL ® 

used io proportion to the area 

actually treated. 

Observe treated fields closely and 

harvest fruit at proper maturity. 

15 

18
TOMATOES 

(continued) 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 31/4-6 t/2 Apply 3 Xi to 6 Y:. pints per acre of ETHREL® brand Harvest at proper maturity. 

TOMATOES Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons of Temperatures above gO°F may 

Late Season or water per acre 10r ground application and a minimum of 10 cause fruit to ripen sooner whereas 

Coastal Crops or gallons of water per acre for aerial application, Apply when temperatures below 65° F retard 

Cool Conditions 5% to 30% of fruit in the field are red and pink (including natural color development and may 

breakers) and there is sufficient mature green fruit to extend the time between treatment 

produce the desired tonnage. Maximum response ;s and harvest. 

achieved when fruit to be treated is 5 to 15% pink and red. 

Use the higher rate of ETHREL® when nighttime 

temperatures are cool (below 65°F) or vegetative growth is 

dense. Thorough coverage is essential. For ground or air 

application choose equipment and spray volumes that wm 

assure uni10rm scrav coveraae 

FRESH MARKET 1 1/4 - 5 Apply ETHREL ® when desired tonnage of fruit has reached Check treated fruit frequently and 

TOMATOES marketable size and maturity, generally 3 to 6 days before harvest at desired maturity. Wheo 

California desired harvest date. Expect only one harvest from treated programming harvest, spray a 

areas. different block each day aod 

Apply 1 y.; to 5 pints per acre of ETHREL® brand Ethephon harvest blocks daily in the same 

Plant Regulator in a minimum of 40 gallons of water per sequence. 

acre for ground application and a minimum 01 to gallons of 

water per acre for aerial application. Thorough coverage is 

essential. For ground or air application choose eqUipment 

and spray volumes that will assure uniform spray coverage 

Use the higher rate and longer preharvest interval on late 

season crops, when temperatures are cool (generally below 

85°F) and foliage is dense. Under high temperatures, rates 

as low as 1 1/4 pints per acre have been effective while 

reducing foliage damage particularly on more sensitive 

varieties" see above. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply before there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired tonnage. ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

will not ripen immature green fruit. 

Some yellowing and general aging of foliage may be observed 101l0wing treatment. 

Do not treat plants with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Treatment of weak plants will result in rapid loss of foliage cover increasing sunburn and sun scald potential, especially under high 

temperature conditions. 

Do not treat when sustained temperatures above t05°F are anticipated. 

Do not treat sensitive varieties during period when temperatures exceed tOO°F. Foliar damage is more severe on certain varieties 

such as VF to, VF 315, VF 145, 21-4, and 13L. During periods of high temperatures use the lower rates on sensitive varieties. 

Do not tank mix with sun protection products, sun protection whiteners, spray adjuvants or other additives, 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to more acreage than can be harvested in 2 to 3 days. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to varieties known to soften rapidly or shatler when ripe. 

Do not use on greenhouse tomatoes. 

Do not harvest tomatoes treated with Ethrel® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses, Do not exceed 6.5 pints of this product (1.63 lb ethephon) per acre per year. 

16 

19
WALNUTS 

WALNUTS IN CALIFORNIA: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will loosen walnuts for increased efficiency of 

mechanical halY8st, promote earlier halVes!, improve hull removal, and increase recoverable yields from a once-over halY8St. 

Crop ETHREL® Specific Directions Situation PintsfAcre 

Expect best results with spray concentrations of 

California 3-5 300 to 900 ppm, Refer to ETHREl ® spray 

preparation chart below. Under low 

temperatures andfor low humidity conditions 

use the higher label rates. Expect less time 

between application and halVest with higher 

label rates. 

For best results treat when air temperatures are 

between 60°F aod 95°F. Expect reduced 

effectiveness if above 90°F with low humidity 

due to spray evaporation. 

Thorough uniform coverage of walnut hulls is 

essential to< maximum hull split aod mrt 

loosening response. Choose eqUipment that 

provides maximum spray penetration of the 

entire tree canopy. U,e large air carrier 

sprayers where tree size jeopardizes coverage. 

Or volute sprayer attachments may help. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Treatment prior to packing tissue brown (mature) stage may reduce nut quality. 

Some leaf drop is associated with treatment. 

Remarks 

Walnuts are mature when the packing tissue 

between kernel halves completes browning. 

Collect nut samples from throughout the tree 

canopy when determining percent nut maturity. 

Advancing HalVest· Apply when 95·100% of the 

nuts have reached maturity. Inspect frequently 

aod halVest ., soon ., adequate hullability 

occurs generally 10-16 days aft", treatment 

depending on variety and weather conditions. 

Plan second shake 10-12 days after first shake. 

Once Over HalVest - Variety, growing conditions 

and weather affect maturity and the opportunity 

for once over halVest. Contact a local fieldman or 

Farm Advisor to determine if once over halVest 

cao be expected ;0 your situation. Apply (0 

mature walnuts 10 days prior to expected halVest 

date. Expect actual halVest to range from 7-12 

days after treatment. 

Do not treat diseased, low vigor or moisture stressed trees as excessive leaf drop may occur. 

Assure that dosage rates are measured accurately since rates higher than recommended may result in tree injury (such as 

excessive defoliation, reduced catkin formation and twig dieback). 

Do not halVest walnuts treated with ETHREL® sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 5 pints of this product (1.25 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

ETHREL®SPRAY PREPARATION CHART 

Sl;1ray Volume (gallons/acre) 

ETHREL® Rate 100 200 300 400 

PintsfA LbS/A Concentration (ppm) 

3 0.75 900 450 300 --- 4 1.00 - 600 400 300 

5 1.25 --- 750 500 375 

500 

-

--

300 

17 

20
MISTLETOE REMOVAL 

DWARF AND LEAFY MISTLETOE REMOVAL: A foliar spray of ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will remove dwarf 

mistletoe shoots in ornamental conifers and leafy mistletoe from ornamental deciduous trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount 

DWARF 2 pints 

MISTLETOE ON per 

ORNAMENTAL 20 gallons 

CONIFERS 

DOUGLAS FIR t pint 

ORNAMENTALS pee 

20 gallons 

LEAFY 2 quarts 

MISTLETOE pee 

ON 20 gallons 

ORNAMENTAL 

DECIDUOUS 

TREES 

Specific Directions Remarks 

Apply as a foliar spray to dwarf Applications made in conjunction with sylvicullural 

mistletoe shoots before mistletoe mistletoe management will prevent spread of the 

seed dispersal. Foe effective mistletoe parasite to other parts of the tree and 

removal. all mistletoe shoots must other trees. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a non~ Mature needle drop, that normally occurs in the 

ionic surfactant at recommended fall, may be hastened by the use ofETHREL 00. rates may increase effectiveness. 

Treat any mistletoe regrowth before Applications of higher rates on Douglas fir may 

seed disoersal. result in excessive needle drop. 

Make applications after fall leaf drop Large mistletoe infections and mistletoe found in 

through mid-winter. Foe effective mesquite may be difficult to control with a single 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must application and retreatment may be necessary. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a nonionic surfactant at recommended 

rates may increase effectiveness. 

Any mistletoe regrowth should be 

treated during the labeled 

application window. 

FRUIT ELIMINATION 

(Ornamental Use Only) 

UNDESIRABLE FRUIT ELIMINATION: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will reduce or eliminate 

undesirable fruit development on apple, crabapple, carob and olive trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount Specific Directions Remarks 

APPLES 8 to 12 ounces Apply as a foliar spray at the flower Application must be made before fruit set for best 

CRABAPPLES pee bud to full bloom stage, prior to fruit results. 

20 gallons 

set. Wet foliage thoroughly. Over Do not treat weak trees or trees under stress 

application of ETHREL® Plant (drought, insect or disease damaged trees) as 

Do not exceed 12 Regulator can result in excessive excessive leaf drop or twig drop can result. ounces (0.15 oz. leaf drop and/or tree defoliation. 

Some leaf drop or temporary leaf yellowing may ai/gallon) per U,e higher rates when 

application. temperatures are cool. occur after treatment. 

CAROB 6 ounces Apply as a foliar spray. Wet all Do not use on small red fruited varieties of 

(Ceratonla siliqua) pee foliage thoroughly. Amount of spray crabapple a, fruit elimination will oot be 

20 qallons 

will depend on tree size. satisfactory. 

OllVE* 12 ounces 

(Olea europaea) pee 

20 qallons 

*This recommendation IS not Intended to be used on commerCial frUit production as a ttllnmng agent. 

t8 

21
TURF 

An application of Ethrel slows the growth of turfgrasses thus reducing the required frequency of mowing and the volume of clippings 

collected. 

SiTES RATE APPLICATION SPRAY VOLUME 

Fairways, Roughs & Commercial 6f1ozl1,QOOsqft Apply to actively growing turf. It will 0.5-4.0 9als/1,000 sq ft 

Turfgrasses, including Bentgrass require 7-10 days for ETHREl® to 

(Fairway cui), Kentucky act. Reapplication intervals: 

Bluegrass, Perennial Ryegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass-7 wks. 

Tall & Fine Fescue Perennial Ryegrass-7 w1<s. 

Tall/Fine Fescue-4 wks. 

Bentgrass-4 wks. 

Use Limitations: 

Do not allow entry to treated areas until sprays have dried. 

For best results, apply with sprayer in sufficient volume afwater to provide uniform coverage. ETHREL® is foliarly absorbed. 

Apply only to actively growing turf, under favorable growing condilions, that is not going into a donnancy period. Do not treat turfgrass 

with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Do not apply to golf course greens. 

Use of spreaders/stickers with ETHREL® is not necessary. 

ETHREL® is an acidic product and prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastlcs, certain paints and metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure 

to spray deposits. 

Test tankmixes with other products on a small area before using widely. 

19 

22
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE 

Read the entire Directions for Use, Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and limitations of liability before using this product. If terms 

are not acceptable, return the unopened product container at once. 

By using this product, user or buyer accepts the following Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and limitations of liability. 

CONDITIONS: The directions for use of this product are believed to be adequate and must be followed carefully. However, it is 

impossible to eliminate all risks associated with the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences 

may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which 

are beyond the control of Bayer CropScience LP. All such risks shall be assumed by the user or buyer. 

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP MAKES 

NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPUED, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 

OR OTHERWISE, THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE STATEMENTS MADE ON THIS LABEL. No agent of Bayer CropScience LP is 

authorized to make any warranties beyond those contained herein or to modify the warranties contained herein. TO THE EXTENT 

CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROP SCIENCE LP DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FOR SPECIAL, 

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT. 

LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE 

USER OR BUYER FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS 

PRODUCT, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, SHALL NOT 

EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, OR AT BAYER CROP SCIENCE LP'S ELECTION, THE REPLACEMENT OF PRODUCT. 

NET CONTENTS: 

ETHREL is a registered trademark of Bayer. 

Produced for 

M'"l Baver CropScience Ji../ " 

Bayer Crop Science 

P.O. Box 12014,2 T.W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (MASTER) Approved 06/29/10 

20 

23
IR4 ethephon GH tomato report 

Tony Kish to: Cynthia Giles-Parker, Barbara Madden 

Cc: John Bazuin --<~~<~~~-~-<~-<~<~~~--~~~ 

03/t712009 0 t:26 PM 

This report was completed months ago and Bayer should have provided it to the States to support the 

SLNs. They will seek a 3.5 ppm tolerance to cover small GH tomatoes. Dan Kunkel says it was not 

submitted because they wanted to wait to bundle with sweet potato, coffee, and filberts. 

Tony 

---- Forwarded by Tony Kish/OC/USEPA/US on 03/t7/2009 01 :18 PM ---

From: 

To: 

Cc: 

Date: 

Subject: 

Hi Tony, 

Keith Oorschner <dorschner@AESOP.Rutgers.edu> 

Tony Kish/DC/USEPA/US@EPA 

'Dan Kunkel' <kunkel@AESOP.Rutgers.edu> 

03/t6/2009 to:3 tAM 

FW: New File Uploaded from IR4.rutgers.edu 

Simply click on the below link to download the ethephon/tomato final report. 

It was great speaking with you this morning. Thanks for all your help. Please let me know if you have any 

questions after reviewing the repot. 

Keith 

Keith Dorschner, Ph.D. 

Entomology Program Manager 

IR-4 Project Headquarters 

Rutgers, The State University of NJ 

500 College Road East, Suite 20 t w 

Princeton, NJ 08540 

Phone 732.932.9575, extension 46 t5 

Fax 609.5 t4.2612 

http://ir4.rutgers.edu/uploads/00250%20signed%2Epdf 

Comments: 

File(s) will stay online until 04116109 

24
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

OFFICE OF CHEMICAL SAFETY 

AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 

Laura Phelps 

Bayer CropScience 

P.O. Box 12014 

JUN 2 9 2010 

2 T.W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 

Subject: Ethrel brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

EPA Registration No. 264-267 

Decision D431S11: Your submission on June 2, 2010 of 

an amended label, superseding the amended label 

submitted on January 27, 2010 

Dear Ms. Phelps, 

The amended master label referred to above, submitted in 

connection with registration under the Federal Insecticide, 

Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended, is acceptable, 

provided that you comply with the following conditions. 

1. Make the following changes to the label. 

a. In the third sentence in the "Specific Directions" 

column in the table on page 7 (in the specific use directions for 

apples) change "No label dosage rates should be exceeded." to "No 

label dosage rates may be exceeded." 

b. In the first sentence in the third paragraph in the 

"Specific Directions"· column in the table on page 16 (in the 

specific use directions for tomatoes) change " ... a minimum of 40 

gallons per acre ... " to " ... a minimum of 40 gallons of water per 

acre ... " and change " ... a minimum of 10 gallons per acre ... " to 

" ... a minimum of 10 gallons of water per acre ... ". 

c. In the first sentence in the first 

"Specific Directions"- column in the table on 

specific use directions for tomatoes) change 

paragraph in the 

page 16 (in the 

" ... a minimum of 20 

25
gallons per acre ... " to " ... a minimum of 20 gallons of water per 

acre ... " and change " ... a minimum of 10 gallons per acre ... " to 

" ... a minimum of 10 gallons of water per acre ... ". 

d. In the second sentence in the first paragraph in the 

"Specific Directions" colunm in the table on page 17, change 

"Refer to spray ETHREL® preparation chart below." to "Refer to 

ETHREL® spray preparation chart below." 

2. Submit one copy ·of your final printed labeling before you 

release the product for shipment. 

If you have any questions about this letter, please contact 

John Bazuin at (703}30S-7381 or bazuin.john@epa.gov. 

Attachment: 

, 

ony Kish 

roduct Manager (22) 

Fungicide Branch 

Registration Division (7S04P) 

Master label stamped "ACCEPTED with COMMENTS" 

26
® ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

For Commercial Or Agricultural Use Only. Not For Residential Use. 

For use on Apples, Blackberries, Blueberries, Cantaloupes, Cherries, Grapes, Peppers, Pineapple, 

Sugarcane, Tobacco, Tomatoes, Walnuts, and for the removal of Dwarf Mistletoe in Ornamental Conifers and 

Leafy Mistletoe in Ornamental Deciduous Trees and for the elimination of undesirable fruit on Apple, 

Crabapple, Carob, and Olive trees. 

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid]· .............................. 21.7 % 

INERT INGREDIENTS: .............................. ............... . ............ . . .......... 78.3% 

*Contains 2 pounds ethephon per gallon. 

EPA Reg. No. 264·267 EPA Est. No. 264·PA·01 

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

DANGER PELIGRO 

Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que se la explique a usted en details. 

(If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detail.) 

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTA nON Emergencies ONLY Call 24 HoUrs A Day 1-800-334-7577 

For PRODUCT USE Information Call1-888-AVENTIS \1-888-283.6847) 

FIRST AID 

IF IN EYES: • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minules. 

• Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF SWALLOWED: • Immediately call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

• Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

• Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. 

• Do not Qive anvthina by mouth to an unconscious person. 

IF ON SKINOR • Take off contaminated clothing. 

CLOTHING: 

• Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. 

• Can a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF INHALED: • Move person to fresh air. 

• If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-tomouth if possible. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. 

For MEDICAL Emergencies Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577. 

Have the oroduct container or label with vou when callina a ooison control center or doctor or aoina for treatment. 

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage. No speCific antidote IS available. All 

treatments should be based on observed signs and symptoms of distress in the patient. Overexposure to materials other than this 

product may have occurred. 

Victims of severe overexposure by inhalation should be kept under medical observation for up to 72 hours for delayed onset of 

pulmonary edema. In a victim of overexposure by ingestion, careful gastric lavage is required due to the possibility of stomach or 

esophageal perforation. This material is an acid, but the use of alkaline substances to neutralize it is contraincl"icated. 

ACCEl'"I'iIJ) 

wl!hC(}MME1'ITS 

hi. EPA Letter Dated. 

JUN 2 9 2010 

Uadertbo Feden:11wmcddde, 

~.ruul~Act 

lilA u.:wended, f_ ~ peetWde 

~tered~!!'AReg.No. 

---- -J &'-/- Jot,,:7 

27
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

DANGER 

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Wear safety goggles when handling. Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Do not 

get in eyes or on clothing. Avoid contact with skin. Do not inhale vapors as this product will irritate mucous membranes. 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

Some materials that are chemical-resistant to this product are listed below. If you want more options, follow the instructions for Category 

A on an EPA chemical-resistance selection chart. 

Applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof 

material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, shoes plus socks and protective eyewear. 

lfIIhen handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets 1he requirements listed in the Worker Protection 

Standard for agricultural pesticides (WPS) [40 CFR 170.240 (d) (4-6)]. the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as 

specified in the WPS, 

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched orheav"dy contam'lnated with this products concentrate. Do not 

reuse them. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and 

hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. 

User Safety Recommendations 

Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 

Users should remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash body thoroughly and change into clean clothing. The 

contaminated clothing should be washed before reuse. 

Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean 

clothing. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. 

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark Do not 

contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters, 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. 

Do not apply this product in a way that wll1 contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may 

be in the area during application. For any requirements specific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide 

regulations, Read entire label before using this produc!. 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. This standard contains 

requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agriCUltural 

pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains specific 

instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPE), notification to 

workers, and restricted-entry intervals. The requirements in this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker 

Protection Standard. 

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. The REI is 72 hours in areas 

where average rainfall is less than 25 inches per year. 

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact wlth 

anything that has been treated such as plants, soil or water is coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chem'lcal-resistant 

gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, chemical resistant footwear plus socks, and goggles 

or face shield. For overhead exposure, chemical-resistant headgear is also required. 

Notify workers of the application by warning them orally and by posting warning signs at entrance to treated areas. 

2 

28
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

PESTICIDE STORAGE 

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage and disposal. 

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL 

Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesflc"lde, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. 

If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control 

Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. 

Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. 

CONTAINER DISPOSAL 

Rigid, Non~refi!lable containers small enough to shake (Le., with capacities equal to or less than 5 gallons) 

Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse or pressure rinse container (or 

equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and 

drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into 

application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat 

this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill. 

ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR 

Promotes earlier, uniform coloring of mature FLUE-CURED TOBACCO. Promotes earlier coloration and maturity of TOMATOES, 

GRAPES, APPLES, and PEPPERS. Loosens CHERRIES, WALNUTS, and APPLES for earlier, more efficient harvest. Promotes fruit 

abscission (slipping) in CANTALOUPES. Increases dormant fruit bud hardiness and delayed spring bloom of SWEET CHERRIES in the 

Pacific Northwest. Accelerates BLACKBERRY ripening and loosening. Concentrates BLUEBERRY maturity and aids in barrenberry 

control, pineapple flower induction, pineapple maturity concentration, sugarcane flower prevention and biomass Increase. Removes 

dwarf mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL CONIFERS and leafy mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS TREES. Eliminates 

undesirable fruit on APPLE, CRABAPPLE, CAROB, and OLIVE trees. 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

For local recommendations on rates, spray volumes (gallons of water per acre), and spray equipment under varying temperature and 

rainfall conditions consult your Extension Pomologist, Horticultural Specialist, Bayer CropScience Representative or Fann Advisor for 

his experience with this product in your area. 

APPLICATION VOLUMES AND SPRAY COVERAGE 

Thorough spray coverage is essential to achieve maximum product effectiveness. Spray coverage is affected by choice of equipment, 

nozzle selection and spray boom setup as well as spray pressure, plant size and canopy density. For both air and ground applications, it 

is important to choose an equipment setup that will assure thorough coverage of plant canopy (foliage and fruit). The actual spray 

volume required will vary with the size and density of the plant canopy and the equipment used. In California and Arizona use a volume 

of no less than 5 gallons per acre for aerial applications. 

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 

Do not contaminate water used for inigation or domestic purposes. 

Avoid spray drift to nearby crops as this product will cause modifications in plant growth. Plant injury or reduced yields will result. 

Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. 

DO NOT MIX ETHREL® WITH AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE. SUCH TANK MIXTURES MAY RESULT IN FORMATION OF TOXIC 

FUMES. 

Add % to % of the required amount of water to the spray tank. start agitation. Add the required amount of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

Plant Regulator. 

Mix only the amount of spray you expect to use each day. Do not allow mixed solution to stand overnight. 

Do not use ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with additives other than recommended on this label. 

Avoid spills of concentrated product on spray equipment or airplane parts. 

IMMEDIATELY RINSE ANY SPilLS WITH PLENTY OF WATER AS ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR IS 

CORROSIVE. 

IMPORTANT: Do not apply ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator through any type of irrigation system. 

Do not use this product for purposes other than those listed on the label. 

Do not exceed the rate of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator per acre per year recommended on this label. 

3 

29
SPRAY DRIFT 

Avoid spray drift. Do not apply when weather conditions may cause drift. Do not allow this product to drift on to non-target areas. Drift 

may result in illegal residues or injury to adjacent crops and vegetation, in the form of leaf yellowing and defoliation. To avoid spray drift, 

DO NOT apply aerially when wind speed is greater than 10 mph or during periods of temperature inversions. Use of larger droplet size 

will also reduce spray drift. 

AVOIDING SPRAY DRIFT AT THE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATOR. 

The interaction of many equipment-and-weather-related factors determine the potential for spray drift. The applicator is responsible for 

considering all these factors when making decisions. 

The following drift management requirements must be followed to avoid off-target movement from aerial applications to agricultural field 

crops. These requirements do not apply to forestry applications, public health uses or to applications using dry formulations. 

1. The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 3/4 the length of the wingspan or rotor. 

2. Nozzles must always point backward parallel with the air stream and never be pOinted downwards more than 45 degrees. 

Where states have more stringent regulations, they should be observed. 

The applicator should be familiar with and take into account the information covered in the Aerial Drift Reduction Advisory below: 

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY 

INFORMATION ON DROPLET SIZE 

The most effective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplets. The best drift management strategy is to apply the largest 

droplets that provide sufficient coverage and control. Applying larger droplets reduces drift potential, but will not prevent drift if 

applications are made improperly, or under unfavorable environmental conditions (See Wind, Temperature and HumiditY, and 

Temperature Inversions). 

CONTROLLING DROPLET SIZE 

Volume - Use high flow rate nozzles to apply the highest practical spray volume. Nozzles with higher rated flows produce larger 

droplets. 

Pressure - Do not exceed the nozzle manufacturer's recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger 

droplets. When higher flow rates are needed, use higher flow rate nozzles instead of increasing pressure. 

Number of nozzles - Use the minimum number of nozzles that provide uniform coverage. 

Nozzle Orientation - Orienting nozzles so that the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other 

orientations and is the recommended practice. Signfficant deflection from horizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drift potential. 

Nozzle Type - Use a nozzle type that is designed for the intended application. With most nozzle types, narrower spray angles produce 

larger droplets. Consider using low-drift nozzles. Solid stream nozzles oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowest 

drift. 

BOOM LENGTH 

For some use patterns, reducing the effective boom length to less than 3/4 of the wingspan or rotor length may further reduce drift 

without reducing swath width. 

APPLICATION HEIGHT 

Applications should not be made at a height greater than 10 feet above the top of the target plants unless a greater height is required 

for aircraft safety. Making applications at the lowest height that is safe reduces exposure of droplets to evaporation and wind. 

SWATH ADJUSTMENT 

When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath will be displaced downwind. Therefore, on the up and downwind edges of the 

field, the applicator should compensate for this displacement by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind. Swath adjustment distance 

should increase, with increasing drift potential (higher wind, smaller drops, etc.). 

WIND 

Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds of 2 - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet size and equipment type 

determine drift potential at any given speed. Application should be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind direction and high 

inversion potential. NOTE: Local terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and 

how they affect spray drift. 

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 

When making applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet 

evaporation is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry. 

4 

30
TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 

Applications should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potential is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air 

mixing, which causes small suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due 

to the light variable winds common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperatures with altitude 

and are common on nights with limited cloud cover and light to no wind. They begin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the 

morning. Their presence can be indicated by ground fog; however, if fog is not present, inversions can also be identified by the 

movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves laterally in a concentrated 

cloud (under low wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical 

air mixing. 

SENSITIVE AREAS 

The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, 

known habitat for threatened or endangered species, non-target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive 

areas). 

EQUIPMENT CLEANING 

Because of the acidic nature of this product, prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastics, certain paints, and 

metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic-plastic materials and painted surlaces wah a detergent and water within one hour after exposure to 

spray deposits. 

5 

31
APPLES 

APPLES: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes fruit maturity and loosens apples, making harvest by 

hand or machine easier and more efficient. ETHREL ® applied in combination with FRUITON~ N to control pre-harvest drop 

stimulates early development of red color and ripening without loosening fruit Applied to young trees, ETHREL® will suppress 

vegetative growth and promote flower bud formation. 

Crop Situation 

FRUIT LOOSENING 

1. EARLY AND 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

2 1/2 

Specific Directions 

Apply a foliar spray to apple trees 7 to 14 

days prior to normal anticipated halVest. 

Use sufficient water for thorough uniform 

spray coverage. The type of sprayer used 

and size of trees will affect volume 

required. 

ObselVe fruit daily as the proper picking 

period is shorter with ETHREL® treated 

fruit than untreated fruit. 

Do not exceed t.25 pounds ai/A per 

season. 

Remarks 

ETHREL® provides several beneficial responses 

on apples. Depending on rate and time of 

application ETHREL ® will: promote fruit loosening, 

promote uniform ripening and coloring without 

loosening. promote thinning and return bloom, and 

increase flower bud development in young trees. 

For desired response, follow specific directions. 

Treat when air temperatures are between 60° F 

and 90° F. However, application may be made at 

50° F under rising temperature conditions. If 

daytime temperatures are warm, color response 

from ETHREL ® treatment will be reduced, but 

ripening and loosening effects will be accelerated. 

Cool weather may extend the intelVal between 

treatment and halVest. 

2. LATE 5 Do not allow fruit to become overripe on trees. 

MATURING Fruit intended for fresh market must be checked 

VARIETIES IN for quality and maturity. Color alone is not an 

THE EASTERN adequate guide for fruit maturity. Use a pressure 

UNITED STATES gauge or other suitable methods for determining 

(varieties internal maturity. Fruit over-matured when 

--

than McintOsh) untreated 

-~----- fruit. ~~~~-+------~--------------~ 

PROMOTION OF 

UNIFORM 

RIPENING AND 

COLORING OF RED 

VARIETIES 

WiTHOUT 

LOOSENING 

1. EARLY OR 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

1-4 

Apply foliar spray of ETHREL ® and a 

prehalVest drop control chemical 

registered for use on apples such as the 

product FRUITONE® N. Use the 

prehalVest drop control product according 

to label directions. Begin spraying 2 to 3 

weeks before normal halVest period and 

about 1 to 2 weeks before desired 

halVest date. 

Apply as a normal dilute spray using 

sufficient water for thorough uniform 

coverage. Actual volume will depend on 

the type of delivery of sprayer used and 

size of trees. 

Use the lower rate for apples intended for 

f---'-'="-----+-----I storage. 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

2. LATE 2 - 4 Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ai/A per 

MATURING season. 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing later 

than Mcintosh) 

Do not apply ETHREL® to more acreage than can 

be halVested in 1 to 2 days. 

Treated fruit can be satisfactorily held in cold air 

storage provided fruit is in good condition. 

Since recommendations for chemical control of 

prehalVest drop vary according to location and 

variety, follow directions on the FRUITONE@ N 

label. In addition, you may consult your local 

extension Pomologist or Horticulturist for his 

recommendations. 

6 

32
ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre 

THINNlNG AND 

RETURN BLOOM 

1. Most Varieties 1.5 - 4 

2. Difficult to Thin 3-6 

Varieties Such 

as Golden 

Delicious 

INCREASED 

FLOWER BUD 

DEVELOPMENT 

1. NON-BEARING 2-8 

TREES 

2. BEARING 112 -3 

TREES 

Use Limitations 

APPLES 

(continued) 

Specific Directions 

Treat 10 to 20 days after full bloom. 

For greater thinning, this product can 

be mixed with AMID~THIN® W, 

SEVIN® brand 4F Carbaryl 

Insecticide, SEVIN@brand80WSP 

Carbaryl Insecticide, SEVIN@brand 

80 S Carbaryl Insecticide or SEVlN® 

brand XLR Plus Carbaryl Insecticide 

for use on apples in accordance with 

the most restrictive of the AMIDTHIN® W, SEVIN® and ETHREL® 

label limitations and precautions. No 

label dosage rates should be 

exceeded. ETHREL ® cannot be 

mixed with any product containing a 

label prohibition against such mixing. 

Consult local extension 

recommendations. 

Addition of a non-ionic surtactant can 

enhance treatment effectiveness. 

Buffering spray solution to a pH of 3 

to 5 can improve performance where 

water is alkaline. 

Use a spray volume sufficient to 

cover trees thorouqhlv and unifonnlv. 

Spray trees thoroughly and uniformly 

to the point of runoff. Use the higher 

rate on more vigorous trees. 

Treat 2 to 4 weeks after full bloom. 

To help minimize fruit thinning, delay 

application until 6 weeks after full 

bloom and after June droc. 

Remarks 

Regulating cropping from one season to another is 

a problem. Whenever a high percent of the spurs 

and lateral buds bloom in a single season severe 

alternate bearing can develop the following year. 

To overcome this problem use ETHREL® or a 

combination of ETHREL® plus AMID-THIN® W or 

ETHREl ® plus one of the SEVIN® products listed 

under Specific Directions applied 7 to 21 days after 

full bloom. The program to use will depend on the 

amount of thinning required and the biennial bearing 

history of your orchard. 

Expect Red Delicious to show a reduction of "type" 

and fruit size particularly on trees under stress. 

Use of higher label rates may reduce fruit size. 

To increase flower bud development on non-bearing 

trees apply a foliar spray of ETHREL® 2 to 4 weeks 

after bloom. 

Treatment can result in excessive fruit thinning and 

reduced fruit size and yield reduction the year of 

usage. ETHREL ® should reduce vegetative growth 

and increase flowering the following spring. Trees 

should be large enough to support a crop of apples 

before treatment to initiate flower buds. 

The use of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator can result in over thinning and reduced fruit size. 

Avoid double coverage and use on low vigor trees. 

Environmental factors can affect thinning and return bloom, it is advisable to obtain experience under your conditions by initially 

testing only a small percent of your trees each year with anyone program. 

User must consider risk of excessive fruit thinning and fruit size reduction when using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator on 

young trees just starting to bear. 

Treat only vigorous trees since excessive growth reduction will result in weak trees. 

For best results a thorough uniform spray is needed. A wetting agent may improve spray coverage. 

Do not graze or feed cover crops grown in treated apple orchards, 

Do not harvest apples treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 7 days after last application. 

Fruit size reduction may occur when used to obtain early maturity, especially iffruit is small at time of treatment. 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator applied earlier than 3 weeks before normal anticipated harvest may result in reduced 

fruit quality and size. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed B.O pints of this product (2.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

7 

33
BLACKBERRIES 

BLACKBERRIES IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will concentrate 

maturity and loosen fruit, improving harvesting efficiency while reducing cane injury from mechanical harvest. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintsfAcre Specific Direcflons Remarks 

IN OREGON 5-8 To loosen fruit and concentrate maturity, Use ETHREL®: 1) early in the harvest season to 

AND apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® at least 3 reduce the number of pickings or 2) treat later in 

WASHINGTON days prior to expected harvest when air the harvest season for a once-over final picking. 

(Cultivars temperatures are between 60°F and gO°F 

Chehalem and rain is not predicted within 24 hours. 

Thornless and Use sufficient volume to insure thorough 

Evergreen) and uniform wettinq of foliaqe and fruit 

Use Limitations 

Do not spray more than can be harvested on the third day following treatment as considerable fruit may drop. 

Use only at recommended times and rates on healthy, vigorous plants, as a reduction in berry size may occur. Do not use on 

damaged or diseased plants. 

Do not harvest blackberries treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (21b ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

BLUEBERRIES 

BLUEBERRIES: A fOliar spray of ETHRELlll brand Ethephon Plant Regulator concentrates maturity of blueberries fOr easier and more 

efficient harvest. A fOliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will abort black barren berry (Aronia rnelanocarpa) flowers 

and/or fruit growing in Maine lowbush blueberry fields reducing the number of undesirable barrenberry fruit harvested with blueberries. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintsfAcre Specific Directions Remarks 

CONCENTRATION 4-8 Apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand To concentrate first harvest, apply ETHREL® 

OF MATURITY Ethephon Plant Regulator at a rate of 4 to brand Ethephon Plant Regulator when 15 to 20% 

AND EARLIER 8 pints in 150 to 200 gallons of water per of the berries are blue. To concentrate final 

FRUIT COLORING acre. Use the higher spray volume and harvest, treat after the first or second picking. 

(Cu1tivars Bluecrop, rate on large dense foliage bushes or Harvest blueberries ,I proper maturity when 

Weymouth, Jersey, when temperatures are cool. Treat when colored, generally o,e 10 two weeks after 

Rancocas, Rubel, air temperatures are 60 to 90" F. treatment. Observe fruit daily " Ihe proper 

Bluetta, Erliblue, Thorough uniform spray coverage of picking period for optimum internal and external 

Wolcott, Croatan, foliage and fruit is essential for maximum quality is shorter with ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

Murphy, Angola, fruit maturation "d coloration. To aid Plant Regulator treated fruit than with untreated 

Morrow, Garden unifOrm wetting of plants, use a wetting fruit. High temperatures (900 F) accelerate fruit 

Blue, Trifblue and agent such as Triton B-1956 at 0.5 pint ripening. 

NC901) per 100 gallons or X-77 at 2.0 pints per ETHREL ® treatments may increase fruit with 

100 gallons. stems, slightly decrease fruit size, soluble solids 

and acidity. ETHRELlll may not induce internal 

rioenina as rapidly as fruit color. 

BLACK 4-8 Apply 4 to 8 pints per acre of ETHREL® Use the lower rates of ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

BARREN BERRY brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 100 to Plant Regulator when black barren berries are 

CONTROL IN LOW 200 gallons of water per acre for ground bet.veen 90 to 100% petal fall and use the higher 

BUSH sprayers and 10 gallons of water per acre rates of ETHREL ® when black barrenberry fruit is 

BLUEBERRIES IN fOr aerial application. H8 to 3116 inch in diameter. This is generally 7 to 

MAINE Thorough uniform spray coverage ;s 10 days after blueberries are in the same stages 

essential. To aid in uniform wetting of of development. Harvest blueberry fruit when 

plants, use a wetting agent such as X-77 ripe, generally 6 to 8 weeks after application. 

at 0.1% of the spray 'volume. 

Use Limitations 

Applications to cultivars other than those listed above may cause excessive steminess andlor premature crops. 

Make no more than one application per season. 

If used for barrenberry control in Maine, do not make a second application for blueberry concentration of maturity or coloring. 

Do not treat blueberry plants under drought stress or excessively high temperatures as defonation and reduced yield may reRult. 

34
CANTALOUPES 

CANTALOUPES IN CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA, AND TEXAS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

abscission (slipping) of fruit allowing more efficient and economical harvesting. 

ETHREl® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CALIFORNIA, 3 Good spray coverage is The effect will be faster at higher temperatures. Proper timing of 

ARIZONA, important for producing ETHREL® treatment is critical, but may vary from season to 

TEXAS uniform abscission. Use 40 season. Fruit qual'lty, in terms of soluble solids and flesh color, 

or more gallons/acre for does not improve following treatment. Therefore, ETHREL ® should 

ground "d 10 or more not be used until after fruit has developed marketable levels of 

gallons/acre for aerial soluble solids and flesh color. ETHREL® promotes abscission of 

application. (Aerial immature fruit as well as marketable fruit. Thus, using ETHREL® applications are only too soon will result in poorly colored fruit with substandard soluble permitted in Texas.) solids. 

Be prepared to harvest Observe treated fields frequently and pick fruit when market quality abscised fruit 2 to 5 days is reached. Fruit allowed to remain in the field too long will lose after treatment. The exact quality. Some yellowing or rapid aging of vines will be seen pre-harvest interval will vary following treatment. Plants with low vigor will not respond properly. with temperature. Be sure Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. to coordinate your 

harvesting schedule with 

vour packer/shipper. 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator should not be applied when night temperatures are below 60°F. 

Treat only those fruit that have a fairly uniform fruit set, have vines in good condition, and have fruit with marketable soluble solids 

and internal flesh color. Do not treat fields where soluble solids are running less than 10%. 

Do not harvest cantaloupes treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 3 pints of this product (0.75Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

9 

35
CHERRIES 

Except California 

CHERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator loosens fruit and promotes early uniform ripening, and 

reduces the shaker force needed to mechanically harvest fruit. These effects are important for increasing efficiency, recoverable yields, 

maintaining fruit quality and reducing tree injury. DO NOT USE ON CHERRIES IN CALIFORNIA. A fall appfication of ETHREL® to 

sweet cherries in the Pacific Northwest area increases dormant bud hardiness and delays bloom the farrowing spring. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

TART Dilute Spray Apply as a dilute spray with sufficient water foc 

CHERRIES 1 thorough, uniform coverage. The optimum spray 

volume will depend on tree size, planting density and 

equi ment used. 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2/3 to 1 

SWEET Dilute Spray Apply as a dilute spray with sufficient water foc Expect a longer treatment to 

CHERRIES 3 t04 thorough uniform coverage. Actual volume will depend harvest interval with lower rates. 

(varieties such as on the type of delivery, sprayer used and size of trees. 

Windsor, Use low rates on the light or yellow-colored varieties. 

Napoleon-Royal 

Anne, Emperor 

Francis) 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2-3 

INCREASED 3 Treat In first two weeks of September. A fall application of ETHREL ® will 

DORMANT increase fruit bod hardiness by 

FRUIT BUD decreasing the chance for winter 

HARDINESS injury and delaying bloom by 3 to 5 

AND DELAYED days which may help avoid frost 

SPRING BLOOM injury. Treatment of early flowering 

(Sweet Cherries varieties may delay bloom to better 

in the Pacific coincide with pollination from other 

Northwest) varieties. 

Use Limitations 

Not for use on cherries in California. 

Apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum spray volume of 50 gal10ns per acre. 

Do not treat too early as this can cause early fruit drop with stems attached. 

Some gummosis of cherry trees is associated with treatment. 

High temperatures during and after application may cause severe gummosis. 

Do not treat trees that had severe gummosis the previous year as tree damage will result. 

Do not apply to trees that are of low vigor or have experienced severe stress (such as winter injury, drought. or disease), since 

gummosis will be excessive, particularly when high temperatures and/or drought fOllow treatment. 

If pOSSible, irrigate orchards to prevent drought stress resulting in gummosis. 

Do not harvest cherries treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 7 days after last application. 

At the time of application, all fruit including those inside the tree canopy, should be in stage 3 as indicated by rapid size increase and 

the presence of ground color (change from bright green to yellow background color). Treat when air temperatures are between 60 

and 85°F. Do not treat when air temperatures exceed 85°F. Uniform coverage is important, concentrated sprays associated with 

erratic application can result in gummosis and tip die back. 

Some early leaf yellowing and drop may be noted following application. 

Slight gummosis and individual fruit size reduction may result with fall application bud hardiness treatment. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 4.0 pints of this product (t.O Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

10 

36
GRAPES 

(Only in California and Arizona) 

GRAPES (TABLE GRAPES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA): An application of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

early uniform color development on table grape varieties such as Cardinal, Emperor, Flame seedless, Red Malaga, Queen and Tokay 

allowing more efficient harvests of quality fruit. 

GRAPES (RAISIN PRODUCTION): A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will hasten maturity of Thompson 

seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, increased sugars and increased raisin quality. 

Crop Situation 

TABLE GRAPES 

(such as 

Cardinal, Flame 

Seedless, Red 

Malaga, and 

Queen) 

TOKAY GRAPES 

RAISIN 

PRODUCTION 

(Thompson 

Seedless) 

Use Limitations 

Table Grapes 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

1f2 - 2 

1-2 

1-2 

Specific Directions 

For high temperature conditions 

(above 85°F) use lower rates of 

1f2 to 1 pint per acre. For low 

temperature conditions (but above 

65°F) use higher rates. Apply in 

sufficient water to wet vines and 

fruit clusters uniformly, using 

conventional ground sprayers. 

Treat when 5 - 30% of berries 

show color. 

Treat Tokays when 5 - 15% of 

berries show color. 

Apply as a foliar spray at 5% berry 

softening. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

Remarks 

Harvest fruit at desired maturity and quality as indicated by 

sugar content, acidity and color. This is generally two 

weeks or more after treatment. Watch treated areas closely 

and harvest before berries become too dark. For more 

informalion regarding local experiences with this product on 

grapes, consult your Farm Advisor oc Extension 

Viticulturist. 

A foliar spray of ETHREL® will hasten maturity of 

Thompson Seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, 

increased sugars and increased raisin quality. For more 

infonnation regarding local experience with th"IS product on I grapes consult your Farm Advisor or Extension Viticulturist. 

Rates higher than 1 pintfA may increase the incidence of cracked fruit and should be used only in areas or during weather conditions 

where grapes have been especially hard-to-color in past seasons. 

Some berry softening is associated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator treatment of some varieties which may limit or 

influence storage considerations. 

Do not store Tokays. 

Do not harvest grapes treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 14 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Raisin Production (Thompson Seedless) 

Do not apply to grapes under stress from insect damage or moisture stress. Observe treated vineyards closely and harvest at proper 

maturity as determined by sugar acid levels. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

11 

37
PEPPERS 

PEPPERS: A foliar spray of ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform ripening and coloring for more efficient 

packing and handling offruil. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PEPPERS 1 1/4 - 4 Thorough coverage is essential. For ground or air Check several field locations to determine 

application choose equipment and spray volumes crop stage "d degree of maturity. 

that will insure uniform coverage of foliage and fruil. ETHREL® treatments m,y reduce total 

Use the higher rate when cool temperatures are yields if applied too early or there is a lack 

anticipated (less than 65°F), when plants "e of uniform, mature, green fruil resulting 

grOwing vigorously or when foliage is dense to from split fruit set or variable soil cultural 

assure thorough wetting of all leaves and fruit. practices. Harvest fruit after desired color 

Use the lower rates with lower spray volumes (1 1/4 and maturity are attained, generally 14 or 

to 2 pint rate in 20 gal/A) and higher rates with more days after treatment. 

higher volumes (3-4 pints/40 gal/A). The 3-4 pint 

rate in less than 40 gpa may cause foliage bum 

under hot dry conditions. 

Apply ETHREl ® to bell peppers when 10% of fruit 

are red and chocolate and to chili and pimento 

pepper varieties when 10 to 30% of fruit are red and 

chocolate and there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce desired tonnage. ETHREL® will not ripen 

immature, oreen fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply when prolonged average high temperatures of 95°F after treatment are expected. 

Do not treat ....nen temperatures exceed 100°F. APplications made under high temperatures wHI accentuate fruit ripening, yellowing of 

foliage, defoliation and immature fruit abscission. 

Do not treat when average temperatures are below 60°F. Low temperatures after treatment may reduce or negate the effects of 

ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator. 

Some yellowing and general aging of leaves will be noted after treatment. 

Do not harvest peppers treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 4 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

NOTE: Under certain conditions tank mixtures of ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with desiccants containing sodium 

chlorate could result in the formation of hypochlorous acids which on heating will emit toxic chloride fumes. 

12 

38
CROP AND 

USE 

PINEAPPLE 

RATE PER 

ACRE 

Flower Induction 2 -4 quarts 

ETHREL® applied to 

pineapple plants wiH 

stimulate uniform 

initiation of flowering. 

Maturity 

Concentration 

ETHREl ® application 

will stimulate uniform 

shell color 

development 

SUGARCANE 

Flower Prevention 

ETHREL ® application 

will prevent or reduce 

flowering and pithy 

tissue formation. 

Biomass Increase 

ETHREL® used to 

prevent flowering can 

also result in 

increased biomass 

accumulation and 

recoverable sugar 

yield. 

; 

1 -4 quarts 

2 pints 

PINEAPPLE AND SUGARCANE 

SPRAY 

VOLUME APPLICATION TIMING SPECIFIC COMMENTS 

100 to 500 'Bearing age' about 12 Proper rate will vary with 

gallA months after planting. local growing conditions, 

100 to 300 

gallA 

7 gallA 

minimum 

I Generally about 6 months 

; prior to desired harvest. 

varieties, plantation 

management practices 

and time of year. Use the 

higher rate where earlier 

harvest is desired. Apply 

when pineapple foliage is 

d<v. 

When the first fruit begin 

to change color. 

Use a broadcast spray, 

thoroughly cover both 

foliage and fruit. Use 1he 

higher rate during periods 

of cool or cloudy weather 

when normal ripening has 

slowed, 

Just prior to 

initiation. 

flower Apply by fixed wing aircraft 

or helicopter using equipment designed to give 

uniform coverage. 

Actual biomass increase 

will be affected by the time 

I between treatmen1 and 

harvest. 

Consider anticipated recoverable sugars as well 

as biomass to determine 

optimum harvest date. 

RESTRICTIONS 

Do not graze pineapple 

forage treated with 

ETHREl ® Do not harvest 

pineapples treated with 

ETHREl ® sooner than 2 

days after the last 

application. 

Do not harvest sugarcane 

treated with ETHREL ® 

sooner than 2 months 

after the last application. 

Do not graze sugarcane 

forage treated with 

ETHREL®. 

For Use in Hawaii Only, 

13 

39
TOBACCO 

(Flue-Cured Only) 

TOBACCO (FLUE.CURED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform "yellowing" of mature 

tobacco. ETHREL® reduces curing time, allowing more efficient use of curing barn space, and increased control over halVes! 

schedules. 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator increases the capacity of the curing barn by shortening the curing time and allows 

adjustments in harvest schedules. ETHREL ® can be used as a directed spray to the bottom or middle portion of the tobacco plant or as 

an over-the-top spray. ETHREL® is not intended or recommended for use on immature tobacco. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions 

DIRECTED 4 Use drop nozzles. Choose TG or DC spray tips designed to apply 50 - 60 gpa at 35-40 psi and at 

SPRAY tractor speed of 2-3 mph. Use 2 nozzles per row; one on each side of the row dropped low 

APPLICATION enough to direct the spray to the leaves to be ripened and halVested. Thorough spray 

coverage is essential. With a directed spray, be sure to halVest all leaves with 20% or more 

yeliowinQ. 

OVER-THE-TOP 4-8 Treat only when leaves remaining on the stalk are mature. To ensure remaining leaves are 

APPLICATION mature, test spray several tobacco plants as described under the section "Application Timing". 

Use the lower rate in a normally mature crop when experience indicates that minimum ripening 

inducement is required. Use the higher rate when the crop is heavy and has a tendency to be 

more rank or when temperatures are lower than normal. Atways test spray to determine if the 

tobacco is mature enough to respond to treatment with ETHREL ®. 

Apply over-the-top ETHREL ® spray as a fine mist using three nozzles (one nozzle tip over the 

center of the plant, and one on each side) to assure all leaves are covered thoroughly, similar to 

the aoolication oattem of systemic sucker control aaents. Use a sorav oressure of 40 to 60 osi. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to immature leaves as this can result in unsatisfactory coloring, weight 

loss and reduced leaf quality. 

Do not allow the crop to over ripen in the field after using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator, since this may cause some 

reduction in yield and quality. 

Do not treat before anticipated major storm which could prevent halVest and result in crop loss. 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator if rain is expected within 6 hours. 

Do not halVest tobacco treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

APPLICATION TIMING 

Successful results with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator call for treatment when leaves are mature, not overly rank green 

when sprayed. To easily determine the proper treatment timing and the number of leaves per stalk ready for halVest, test spray several 

plants in more than one location in each field and obselVe the response. Mature leaves will begin to yellow in 24 to 72 hours. Test 

leaves that fail to yeJlow in 72 hours are not mature and are not ready for ETHREL ® treatment. Wait a few days to permit further natural 

maturing, then make another test spray or "maturity" check. 

Determine acres to treat by first confirming the number of leaves per plant that will color, then use barn capacity to calculate the number 

of acres to treat. 

A test spray can be prepared by mixing 4 teaspoons of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 1 quart of water. Apply about 1 

ounce to each test plant covering all leaves with a fine mist. ETHREL ® will not color immature leaves. 

To avoid quality loss and/or possible leaf drop, halVest any yellowed leaves prior to application. Use lower rates under most conditions. 

Limit use of higher rates to cool (below 65"F at the time of treatment) slow ripening conditions. 

WHEN TO HARVEST 

All mature, sprayed leaves will begin to color within 24 to 72 hours after ETHREL ® application. The yellowing process is weather 

dependent; cool weather will delay, while hot, sunny weather can speed up the process. Harvest treated tobacco when leaves have 

reached the desired color intensity. 

14 

40
Harvest can commence 48 hours after ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator application. To determine harvest timing and avoid 

quality loss or leaf drop, closely monitor treated crop and weather conditions. 

CURING ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR TREATED TOBACCO 

Curing procedures are as much an art as a science and each cure must be judged on the basis of tobacco condition, interval between 

treatment and harvest, weather and type of curing faCility before prescription temperature and ventilation schedules can be established. 

To obtain maximum quality, care must be taken to observe and control the curing process dosely, especially during the late "coloring" 

and early "drying" stages of the leaf. 

Ethephon treated tobacco will have started the coloring process when harvested, reducing the time required in the coloring phase of 

curing. Treated tobacco should be dried faster. If tobacco leaves are green or contain some green when harvested, it may be necessary 

to color them for a few hours. If the leaves are completely yellow, temperature and ventilation must be adjusted in a manner adequate to 

dry the tobacco as fast as possible without scalding. Once the leaf is dried (3/4 dry), you should follow normal procedures for curing. 

Since ETHREL ® treated leaves cure faster, treated and untreated leaves should not be cured together in the same barn. 

TOMATOES 

TOMATOES (PROCESSED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates and concentrates tomato 

ripening increasing recoverable fruit yield from a once-over harvest. Plant Regulator application starts the normal ripening process 

earlier and increases the rate of ripening of mature green fruit concentrating maturity. Concentrated maturity enables high recoverable 

yields of ripe tomatoes in once-over harvest. Early concentrated maturity extends the normal harvest season and helps growers 

schedule harvest and handling more effectively. 

TOMATOES (FRESH MARKET IN CALIFORNIA): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates tomato 

ripening increasing the early yields of marketable ripe fruit. 

Crop Situation 

PROCESS 

TOMATOES 

Early and 

Midseason Crops 

or Warm 

Conditions 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

11/4-31/4 

Specific Directions 

Apply t y. to 3 y" pints per acre of 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant 

Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons 

per acre for ground application and a 

minimum of 10 gallons per acre for 

aerial application. Apply when 5% to 

15% of the fruit in the field are red 

and pink (including breakers) and 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce the desired tonnage. 

Under high temperatures (above 85 

F), rates as low as 1 1/4 pints/acre 

can be effective. 

Thorough coverage is essential. For 

ground or air application choose 

equipment and spray volumes that 

will assure uniform spray coverage of 

foliage and fruit. Overdosing from 

overlapping swaths or spray nozzle 

pattems can cause severe foliage 

injury. If bands are sprayed over the 

row, reduce the amount of ETHREL® 

used in proportion to the area 

actually treated. 

Observe treated fields closely and 

harvest fruit at proper maturity. 

Remarks 

Apply ETHREL ® when desired tonnage of fruit has 

reached marketable size and maturity. Check fields 

closely for stage and degree of uniform maturity prior to 

application. Sample several plants throughout the field to 

determine proper spray date. Sort, weigh and calculate 

the percent fruit which is red and pink, including breakers. 

Fruit size alone is not an adequate indicator. Observe 

specific directions to detellTline treatment stage for your 

situation. Walk treated fields frequently to evaluate crop 

condition. Maintain normal cultural practice between 

treatment and harvest. Timely harvest is essential for 

maximum return of high quality fruit. Consult processor 

representatives concerning delivery schedules and 

quotas prior to application of ETHREL ®. 

Consult your local Bayer CropScience Representative, 

Extension Horticultural Specialist or Farm Advisor for 

suggestions on the proper use of ETHREl ® when fields 

have variable plant vigor due to differences in soil 

conditions or cultural practices and for rates of fruit 

ripening as affected by temperature, within the rate and 

timing limitations shown on the label. 

15 

41
TOMATOES 

(continued) 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 31f4-6t/2 Apply 3 Y.. to 6 Y; pints per acre of ETHREL® brand HalVes! at proper maturity. 

TOMATOES Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons per Temperatures above 9O"F may 

Late Season or acre for ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons cause fruit to ripen sooner whereas 

Coastal Crops or per acre for aerial application. Apply when 5% to 30% of temperatures below 65° F retard 

Cool Conditions fruit in the field are red and pink (including breakers) and natural color development and may 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired extend the time between treatment 

tonnage. Maximum response is achieved when fruit to be and halV8St. 

treated is 5 to 15% pink and red. Use the higher rate of 

ETHREL® when nighttime temperatures are cool (below 

6S0F) or vegetative growth is dense. Thorough coverage is 

essential. For ground or air application choose equipment 

and spray volumes that will assure uniform spray coverage 

FRESH MARKET 1 tf4-S Apply ETHREL® when desired tonnage of fruit has reached Check treated fruit frequently and 

TOMATOES marketable size and maturity, generally 3 to 6 days before halVest at desired maturity. Wheo 

California desired halVest date. Expect only one harvest from treated programming harvest, spray a 

areas. different block each day aod 

Apply 1 X to 5 pints per acre of ETHREL® brand Ethephon halVest blocks daily in the same 

Plant Regulator in a minimum of 40 gallons per acre for sequence. 

ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons per acre 

for aerial application. Thorough coverage is essential. For 

ground or air application choose equipment and spray 

volumes that will assure uniform spray coverage 

Use the higher rate and longer pre harvest interval on late 

season crops, when temperatures are cool (generally below 

85"F) and foliage is dense. Under high temperatures, rates 

as low as 1 114 pints per acre have been effective while 

reducing foliage damage particularly on more sensitive 

varieties - see above. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply before there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired tonnage. ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

will not ripen immature green fruit. 

Some yellowing and general aging of foliage may be obselVed following treatment. 

Do not treat plants with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil cond·lflons, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Treatment of weak plants will result in rapid loss of foliage cover increasing sunbum and sun scald potential, especially under high 

temperature conditions. 

Do not treat when sustained temperatures above 105"F are anticipated. 

Do not treat sensitive varieties during period when temperatures exceed 100"F. Foliar damage is more severe on certain varieties 

such as VF 10, VF 315, VF 145, 21-4, and t3L. During periods of high temperatures use the lower rates on sensitive varieties. 

Do not tank mix with sun protection products, sun protection whiteners, spray adiuvants or other additives. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to more acreage than can be halVested in 2 to 3 days. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to varieties known to soften rapidly or shatter when ripe. 

Do not use on greenhouse tomatoes. 

Do not halVest tomatoes treated with Ethrel® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 6.S pints of this product (1.63 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

16 

42
WALNUTS 

WALNUTS IN CALIFORNIA: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will loosen walnuts for increased efficiency of 

mechanical harvest, promote earlier halVest, improve hull removal, and increase recoverable yields from a once-over harvest. 

Crop ETHREL® Specific Directions Situation Pints/Acre 

Expect best results with spray concentrations of 

California 3-5 300 to 900 ppm. Refer to spray ETHREL® 

preparation chart below. Under low 

temperatures and/or low humidity conditions 

use the higher label rates. Expect less time 

between application and halVest with higher 

label rates. 

For best results treat when air temperatures are 

between 60"F aod 95°F. Expect reduced 

effectiveness if above 90°F with low humidity 

due to spray evaporation. 

Thorough uniform coverage of walnut hulls is 

essential foe maximum hull split aod oot 

loosening response. Choose equipment that 

provides maximum spray penetration of the 

entire tree canopy. U,e large air carrier 

sprayers where tree size jeopardizes coverage. 

Or volute sprayer attachments may help. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Treatment prior to packing tissue brown (mature) stage may reduce nut quality. 

Some leaf drop is associated with treatment. 

Remarks 

Walnuts are mature when the packing tissue 

between kernel halves completes browning, 

Collect nut samples from throughout the tree 

canopy when determining percent nut maturity. 

Advancing HalVest - Apply when 95-100% of the 

nuts have reached maturity. Inspect frequently 

aod harvest as soon as adequate hullability 

occurs generally 10-16 days after treatment 

depending on variety and weather conditions. 

Plan second shake 10-12 days after first shake. 

Once Over HalVest - Variety, growing conditions 

and weather affect maturity and the opportunity 

for once over halVes!. Contact a local fieldman or 

Farm Advisor to determine if once over halVest 

can be expected in your situation. Apply to 

mature walnuts 10 days prior to expected halVest 

date. Expect actual halVest to range from 7-12 

days after treatment. 

Do not treat diseased, low vigor or moisture stressed trees as excessive leaf drop may occur, 

Assure that dosage rates are measured accurately since rates higher than recommended may result in tree injury (such as 

excessive defoliation, reduced catkin formation and twig dieback). 

Do not halVest walnuts treated with ETHREl ® sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 5 pints of this product (1.25Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

ETHREL®SPRAY PREPARATION CHART 

Sgray Volume {gallons/acre} 

ETHREL® Rate 100 200 300 400 

Pints/A lbs/A Concentration (gpm) 

3 0,75 900 450 300 --- 4 1.00 --- 600 400 300 

5 1.25 --- 750 500 375 

500 

---

---

300 

17 

43
MISTLETOE REMOVAL 

DWARF AND LEAFY MISTLETOE REMOVAL: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plan! Regulator will remove dwarf 

m'lstletoe shoots in ornamental conifers and leafy mistletoe from ornamental deciduous trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situa.tion Amount 

DWARF 2 pints 

MISTLETOE ON per 

ORNAMENTAL 20 gallons 

CONIFERS 

DOUGLAS FIR 1 pint 

ORNAMENTALS per 

20 gallons 

LEAFY 2 quarts 

MISTLETOE per 

ON 20 gallons 

ORNAMENTAL 

DECIDUOUS 

TREES 

Specific Directions Remarks 

Apply as a foliar spray to dwarf Applications made in conjunction with sylvicultural 

mistletoe shoots before mistletoe mistletoe management will prevent spread of the 

",ed dispersal. For effective mistletoe parasite to other parts of the tree and 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must other trees. 

be sprayed to wet Use of a non- Mature needle drop, that normally occurs in the ionic surfactant at recommended fal!, may be hastened by the use of ETHREL®. rates may increase effectiveness. 

Treat any mistletoe Applications of higher rates on Douglas fir may regrowth before 

seed dispersal. result in excessive needle drop. 

Make applications after fall leaf drop Large mistletoe infections and mistletoe found in 

through mid-winter. For effective mesquite may be difficult to control with a single 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must application and retreatment may be necessary. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a nonionic surfactant at recommended 

rates may increase effectiveness. 

Any mistletoe regrowth should be 

treated during the labeled 

application window. 

FRUIT ELIMINATION 

(Ornamental Use Only) 

UNDESIRABLE FRUIT ELIMINATION; A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will reduce or eliminate 

undesirable fruit development on apple, crabapple, carob and olive trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount Specific Directions Remarks 

APPLES 8 to 12 ounces Apply as a foliar spray at the flower Application must be made before fruit set for best 

CRABAPPLES per bud to full bloom stage, prior to fruit results. 

set. Wet foliage thoroughly. Over Do not treat weak trees or trees under stress 20 gallons application of ETHREL® Plant (drought, insect or disease damaged trees) as 

Do not exceed 12 Regulator can result in excessive excessive leaf drop or twig drop can result. 

ounces (0.15 oz. leaf drop and/or tree defoliation. 

Some leaf drop or temporary leaf yellowing may ai/gallon) per U,e higher rates whe, 

aoolication. temperatures are cool. occur after treatment. 

CAROB 6 ounces Apply as a foliar spray. Wet all Do not use 0' small red fruited varieties of 

(Ceratonia si/iqua) per foliage thoroughly. Amount of spray crabapple a, fruit elimination will oot be 

20 aallons 

will depend on tree size. satisfactory. 

OUVE* 12 ounces 

(O/ea europaea) per 

20 gallons 

*This recommendation is not intended to be used on commercial fruit production as a thinning agent. 

18 

44
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE 

Read the entire Directions for Use, Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitaflons of liability before using this product. If terms 

are not acceptable. return the unopened product container at once. 

By using this product, user or buyer accepts the following Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and limitations of Liability. 

CONDITIONS: The directions for use of this product are believed to be adequate and must be followed carefu!!y. However, it is 

impossible to eliminate an risks associated with the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences 

may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which 

are beyond the control of Bayer CropScience LP. All such risks shall be assumed by the user or buyer. 

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP MAKES 

NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 

OR OTHERWiSE, THAT EXTEND BEYONO THE STATEMENTS MADE ON THIS LABEl. No agent of Bayer CropScience LP is 

authorized to make any warranties beyond those contained herein or to modify the warranties contained herein. TO THE EXTENT 

CONSISTENT WiTH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FOR SPECIAL, 

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT. 

LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE 

USER OR BUYER FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS 

PRODUCT, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, SHALL NOT 

EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, ORAT BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP'S ELECTION, THE REPLACEMENT OF PRODUCT. 

NET CONTENTS: 

ETHREL is a reg'lstered trademark of Bayer. 

Produced for 

4 Bayer Crop Science 

Bayer Crop Science 

P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (Pending) 01/20/10, Resubmitted 06/02/10 

20 

45
Ethephon_ETHREL_264-267 

Laura Phelps 

to: 

John Bazuin 

06/03/201011:13 AM 

Show Details 

Hello Mr. Bazuin, 

Page 1 of 1 

I have attached the pdf file of Prasad's original application from January. I hope this will work. Our label 

person is on vacation so I cannot get an electronic copy of just the label. I also made notes on the hard 

copy I had. Let me know if this will not do and I will see ifthere is another person who has access to 

pending labels. 

Thanks for all your help, 

Best Wishes, 

Laura Phelps 

Regulatory Affairs, Herbicides & PGRs 

Bayer CropScience 

2 T. W. Alexander Drive 

RTP, NC 27709 

office: 919·549-2302 

mobil:919-352-8075 

email: Jaura.pheJps@bayercropscience.com 

The information contained in this a-mait is for the exclusive use of the intended recipient(s) and may be confidential, proprietary. and/or legally 

privileged. Inadvertent disclosure of this message does not conslitule a waiver of any privilege, If you receive Ihis message in error, Please do nol 

directly or indireclly use, print, copy, forward, or disclose any part of this message. Please also detele Ihis e-mail and alt copies and notify Ihe sender 

Thank yOu_ 

For alternate languages please go to h./IpJ&ay-f;,u:J,,($c.la1mer,Q_8Xf;,Gye.Q_com 

file:IIC:IDocuments and Settings~bazuinlLocal SettingsITemplnotesFCBCEEI-web2812.htm 6/4/2010 

46
Ethephon _ ETHREL _264-267 

Laura Phelps 

to: 

John Bazuin 

06/02/201003:53 PM 

Cc: 

BeS Reg Correspondence 

Show Detai is 

Hello Mr. Bazuin, 

Page I of I 

Thank you for talking with me on the phone today. Attached is the EUIREL label (EPA Reg# 264-267) 

-one normal and one with highlighted changes. Hopefully captured are the necessary changes in 

grammar and wording. I have also corrected the pineapple and sugarcane rate adjustments. Thank you 

for finding the error. 

Best Wishes, 

Laura Phelps 

Regulatory Affairs, Herbicides & PGRs 

Bayer CropScience 

2 T. W. Alexander Drive 

RTP, NC 27709 

office: 919-549-2302 

mobil:919-352-8075 

email: laura.phelps@bayercropscicnce.com 

The information contained in this e-mail is for the exclusive use of the intended reclpient(s) and may be confidential. proprietary. andlor legally 

privileged. inadvel1ent disclosure of this message does not constitute a waiver of any privitege. If you receive this message in error, please do not 

directly or indirectly use, print, copy, fOlWard, or disclose any part of this message. Please alSo delete this e-mait and all copies and notify the sender. 

Thank you. 

For alternate tanguages ptease go to http://bayerd(sc!.a.!UJ-,,;J~_Q_ayt'![J_V-';JLC.Q!l] 

file:IIC:\Docwnents and Settings\jbazuin\Local Settings\ T emp\notesFCBCEE\-web4243 .htm 6/2/2010 

47
® ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

For Commercial Or Agricultural Use Only. Not For Residential Use. 

For use on Apples, Blackberries, Blueberries, Cantaloupes, Cherries, Grapes, Peppers, Pineapple, 

Sugalrcane, Tobacco, Tomatoes, Walnuts, and for the removal of Dwarf Mistletoe in Ornamental Conifers and 

Mistletoe in Ornamental Deciduous Trees and for the elimination of undesirable fruit on Apple, 

I 

I I 

INERT INGREDIENTS: . ",78.3% 

*Contains 2 pounds ethephon per gallon. 

EPA Reg. No, 264·267 EPA Est. No, 264-PA-01 

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

DANGER PELIGRO 

Si usted no entlende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que S8 la explique a usteel en detalle. 

(If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detail.) 

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1M800M334M7577 

FIRST AID 

IF IN EYES: • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15M20 minutes. 

• Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing. 

• Call a Doison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF SWALLOWED: • Immediately call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

• Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

• Have person Sip a glass of water if able to swallow. 

• Do not give anythinQ by mouth to an unconscious person. 

IF ON SKIN OR • Take off contaminated clothing. 

CLOTHING: 

• Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF INHALED: • Move person to fresh air. 

• If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-tomouth if possible. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. 

For MEDICAL Emergencies Call 24 Hours A Day 1M800M334M7577. 

Have the product container or label with you when callina a Doison control center or doctor or aoina for treatment. 

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastnc lavage. No speCific antidote IS available. All 

treatments should be based on observea' signs and symptoms of distress ·In the patient. Overexposure to materials other than this 

product may have occurred. 

Victims of severe overexposure by inhalation should be kept under medical observation for up to 72 hours for delayed onset of 

pulmonary edema. In a victim of overexposure by ingestion, careful gastric lavage is required due to the possibility of stomach or 

esophageal perforation. This material is an acid, but the use of alkaline substances to neutralize it is contraindicated. 

"of 20" 

oi....te;teJ 

1~ 

1/2.7/1"_ 

48

.""f 
I.l£ PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

<t"~ HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

~DANGER 

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Wear safety goggles when handling. Harmful jf swallowed or absorbed through skin. Do not 

get in eyes or on clothing. Avoid contact with skin. Do not inhale vapors as this product will irritate mucous membranes. 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

Some materials that are chemical-resistant to this product are listed below. If you want more options, follow the instructions for Category 

A on an EPA chemical-resistance selection chart. 

Applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof 

material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, shoes plus socks and protective eyewear. 

When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection 

Standard for agricultural pesticides (WPS) 140 CFR 170.240 (d) (4-6»), the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as 

speCified in the WPS. 

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this products concentrate. Do not 

reuse them. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and 

hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. 

User Safety Recommendations 

Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 

Users should remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash body thoroughly and change into clean clothing. The 

contaminated clothing should be washed before reuse. 

Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean 

clothing. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. 

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas wttere surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not 

contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. 

Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may 

be in the area during application. For any requirements specific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide 

regulations. Read entire label before using this product. 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. This standard contains 

requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural 

pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains specific 

instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPE), notification to 

workers, and restricted-entry intervals. The requirements in this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker 

Protection Standard. 

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. The REI is 72 hours in areas 

where average rainfall is less than 25 inches per year. 

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with 

anything that has been treated such as plants, soil or water is coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant 

gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, chemical resistant footwear plus socks, and goggles 

or face shield. For overhead exposure, chemical-resistant headgear is also required. 

Notify workers of the application by waming them orally and by posting waming signs at entrance to treated areas. 

49
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

PESTICIDE STORAGE 

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage and disposal. 

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL 

Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture. or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. 

If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to Jabel instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control 

Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance, 

Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. 

CONTAINER DISPOSAL 

Rigid, Non-refillable containers small enough to shake (I.e., with capacities equal to or less than 5 gallons) 

Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse or pressure rinse container (or 

equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and 

drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into 

application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat 

this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill. 

ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON~PLANT REGULATOR -- VV< 0 '-'''''"" .-z.., Promotes earlier, 'uniform coloring of mature FLUE-CURED TOBACCO. Promotes earlier coloration and maturity of TOMATOES, 

GRAPES, APPLES, and PEPPERS. Loosens CHERRIES, WALNUTS, and APPLES for earlier, more efficient harvest. Promotes fruit 

abscission (slipping) in CANTALOUPES. Increases dormant fruit bud hardiness and delayed spring bloom of SWEET CHERRIES in the 

Pacific Northwest. Accelerates BLACKBERRY ripening and loosening. Concentrates BLUEBERRY maturity and aids in barrenberry 

control, pineapple flower induction, pineapple maturity concentration, sugarcane flower prevention and biomass increase. Removes 

dwarf mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL CONIFERS and leafy mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS TREES. Eliminates 

undesirable fruit on APPLE, CRABAPPLE, CAROB, and OLIVE trees. 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

For local recommendations on rates, spray volumes (gallons of water per acre), and spray equipment under varying temperature and 

rainfall conditions consult your Extension Pomologist, Horticultural Specialist, Bayer CropScience Representative or Farm Advisor for 

his experience with this product in your area. 

APPLICATION VOLUMES AND SPRAY COVERAGE 

Thorough spray coverage is essential to achieve maximum product effectiveness. Spray coverage is affected by choice of equipment, 

nozzle selection and spray boom setup as well as spray pressure, plant size and canopy density. For both air and ground applications, it 

is important to choose an equipment setup that will assure thorough coverage of plant canopy (foliage and fruit). The actual spray 

volume required will vary with the size and density of the plant canopy and the equipment used. In California and Arizona use a volume 

of no less than 5 gallons per acre for aerial applications. 

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 

Do not contaminate water used for irrigation or domestic purposes. 

Avoid spray drift to nearby crops as this product will cause modifications in plant growth. Plant injury or reduced yields will result. 

Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. 

DO NOT MIX ETHREL® WiTH AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE. SUCH TANK MIXTURES MAY RESULT IN FORMATION OF TOXIC 

FUMES. 

Add y" to % of the required amount of water to the spray tank. Start agitation. Add the required amount of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

Plant Regulator. 

Mix only the amount of spray you expect to use each day. Do not allow mixed solution to stand overn·lght. 

Do not use ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with additives other than recommended on this label. 

Avoid spillS of concentrated product on spray equipment or airplane parts. 

IMMEDIATELY RINSE ANY SPILLS WITH PLENTY OF WATER AS ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR IS 

CORROSIVE. 

IMPORTANT: Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator through any type of irrigation system. 

Do not use th'ls product for purposes other than those l"isted on the label. 

Do not exceed the rate of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator per acre per year recommended on this label. 

50
SPRAY DRIFT ~ 

Avoid spray drift Do not apply when weather conditions may cause drift. Do not allow this product to drift ovo non-target areas. Drift 

may result in illegal residues or injury to adjacent crops and vegetation. in the form of leaf yellowing and defoliation. To avoid spray drift, 

DO NOT apply aerially when wind speed is greater than 10 mph or during periods of temperature inversions. Use of larger droplet size 

will also reduce spray drift. 

AVOIDING SPRAY DRIFT ATTHE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATOR. 

The interaction of many equipment-and-weather-related factors determine the potential for spray drift. The applicator is responsible for 

considering all these factors when making decisions. 

The following drift management requirements must be followed to avoid off-target movement from aerial applications to agricultural field 

crops. These requirements do not apply to forestry applications, public health uses or to applications using dry formulations. 

1. The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 3/4 the length of the wingspan or rotor. 

2. Nozzles must always point backward parallel with the air stream and never be pointed downwards more than 45 degrees. 

Where states have more stringent regulations, they should be observed. 

The applicator should be familiar with and take into account the information covered in the Aerial Drift Reduction Advisory below: 

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY 

INFORMATION ON DROPLET SIZE 

The most effective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplets. The best drift management strategy is to apply the largest 

droplets that provide sufficient coverage and control. Applying larger droplets reduces drift potential, but will not prevent drift if 

applications are made improperly, or under unfavorable environmental conditions (See Wind, Temperature and Humidity, and 

Temperature Inversions). 

CONTROLLING DROPLET SIZE 

Volume - Use high flow rate nozzles to apply the highest practical spray volume. Nozzles with higher rated flows produce larger 

droplets. 

Pressure - Do not exceed the nozzle manufacturer's recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger 

droplets. When higher flow rates are needed, use higher flow rate nozzles instead of increasing pressure. 

Number of nozzles - Use the minimum number of nozzles that provide uniform coverage. 

Nozzle Orientation - Orienting nozzles so that the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other 

orientations and is the recommended practice. Significant deflection from horizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drift potential. 

Nozzle Type - Use a nozzle type that is designed for the intended applicaflon. With most nozzle types, narrower spray angles produce 

larger droplets. Consider using low-drift nozzles. Solid stream nozzles oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowest 

drift. 

BOOM LENGTH 

For some use patterns, reducing the effective boom length to less than 3/4 of the wingspan or rotor length may further reduce drift 

without reducing swath width. 

APPLICATION HEIGHT 

Applications should not be made at a height greater than 10 feet above the top of the target plants unless a greater height is required 

for aircraft safety. Making applications at the lowest height that is safe reduces exposure of droplets to evaporation and wind. 

SWATH ADJUSTMENT 

When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath will be displaced downwind. Therefore, on the up and downwind edges of the 

field, the applicator should compensate for this displacement by adivsting the path of the aircraft upwind. Swath adjustment distance 

should increase, with increasing drift potential (higher wind, smaller drops, etc.). 

WIND 

Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds of 2 - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet size and equipment type 

determine drift potential at any given speed. Application should be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind direction and high 

inversion potential. NOTE: Local terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and 

how they affect spray drift. 

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 

When making applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet 

evaporation is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry. 

51
TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 

Applications should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potential is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air 

mixing, which causes small suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due 

to the light variable winds common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperatures with altitude 

and are common on nights with limited doud cover and light to no wind. They begin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the 

morning. Their presence can be indicated by ground fog; however, if fog is not present, inversions can also be identified by the 

movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves laterally in a concentrated 

cloud (under low wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical 

air mixing. 

SENSlTlVE AREAS 

The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, 

known habitat for threatened or endangered species, non-target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive 

areas). 

EQUIPMENT CLEANING 

Because of the acidic nature of this product, prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastics, certain paints, and 

metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic-plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure to 

spray deposits. 

52
APPLES 

APPLES: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes fruit maturity and loosens apples, making harvest by 

hand or machine easier and more efficient. ETHREL ® applied in combination with FRUITON~ N to control pre-harvest drop 

stimulates early development of red color and ripening without loosening fruit. Applied to young trees, ETHREL ® will suppress 

vegetative growth and promote flower bud formation. 

Crop Situation 

FRUIT LOOSENING 

1. EARLY AND 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

2 1/2 

Specific Directions 

Apply a foliar spray to apple trees 7 to 14 

days prior to normal anticipated harvest. 

Use sufficient water for thorough uniform 

spray coverage. The type of sprayer used 

and size of trees will .,affect volume 

re~~i'!~ .• _.J ~ / ~mebf 

8b~7daily ?stre' proper pickfn~ period is shorter with ETHREL ® treated 

fruit than untreated fruit. 

Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ai/A per 

season. 

Remarks 

ETHREL® provides several beneficial responses 

on apples. Depending on rate and time of 

application ETHREL ® will: promote fruit loosening, 

promote uniform ripening and coloring without 

loosening, promote thinning and return bloom, and 

increase flower bud development in young trees. 

For desired response, follow specific directions. 

Treat when air temperatures are between 60" F 

and 90° F. However, application may be made at 

50" F under rising temperature conditions. If 

daytime temperatures are warm, color response 

from ETHREL® treatment will be reduced, but 

ripening and loosening effects will be accelerated. 

Cool weather may extend the interval between 

treatment and harvest. 

2. LATE Do not allow fruit to become overripe on trees. 

MATURING Fruit intended for fresh market must be checked 

VARIETIES IN for quality and maturity. Color alone is not an 

THE EASTERN adequate guide for fruit maturity. Use a pressure 

UNITED STATES gauge or other suitable methods for determining 

(varieties internal maturity. Fruit over-matured when 

maturing later harvested and stored may soften sooner than 

e----'th~a"o~M"o"'o~t~O~'~hIL__+-----__+---------------__j untreated fruit. 

PROMOTION OF 

UNIFORM 

RIPENING AND 

COLORING OF RED 

VARIETIES 

WITHOUT 

LOOSENING 

,. EARLY OR 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

1 - 4 

Apply foliar spray of ETHREL ® and a 

preharvest drop control chemical 

registered for use on apples such as the 

product FRUITONE® N. Use the 

preharvest drop control product according 

to label directions. Begin spraying 2 to 3 

weeks before normal harvest period and 

about 1 to 2 weeks before desired 

harvest date. 

Apply as a normal dilute spray using 

sufficient water for thorough uniform 

coverage. Actual volume will depend on 

the type of delivery of sprayer used and 

size of trees. 

Use the lower rate for apples intended for 

e---':::::::!.----I------~ storage. 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

2. LATE 2 - 4 Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ailA per 

MATURING season. 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing later 

than Mclnto;h) 

Do not apply ETHREL ® to more acreage than can 

be harvested in 1 to 2 days. 

Treated fruit can be satisfactorily held in cold air 

storage provided fruit is in good condition. 

Since recommendations for chemical control of 

preharvest drop vary according to location and 

variety, follow directions on the FRUITONE® N 

labe!. In addition, you may consult your local 

extension Pomologist or Horticulturist for his 

recommendations. 

53
Crop Situation 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

THINNiNG AND 

RETURN BLOOM 

1. MostVarieties 1.5-4 

2. Difficult to Thin 3-6 

Varieties Such 

as Golden 

Delicious 

INCREASED 

FLOWER BUD 

DEVELOPMENT 

1. NON-BEARING 2-8 

TREES 

2. BEARING 1/2 - 3 

TREES 

Use Limitations 

APPLES 

(continued) 

Specific Directions 

Treat 10 to 20 days after full bloom. 

For greater thinning, this product can 

be mixed with AM1O-THIN®W, 

SEVIN@brand4F Carbaryl 

insecticide, SEViN<&> brand 80 WSP 

Carbaryl Insecticide, SEVIN@brand 

80 S Carbaryl Insecticide or SEViN<&> 

brand XlR Plus Carbaryl Insecticide 

for use on apples in accordance with 

the most restrictive of the AMID~ 

THIN® W, SEVIN® and ETHREL ® 

labellimitatlons and...Bt~.~i,lUtions. No 

label dosage rate~E~ 

exceeded. ETHREL cannot be 

mixed with any product containing a 

label prohibition against such mixing. 

Consult local extension 

recommendations. 

Addition of a non-ionic surfactant can 

enhance treatment effectiveness. 

Buffering spray solution to a pH of 3 

to 5 can improve performance where 

water is alkaline. 

Use a spray volume sufficient to 

cover trees thoroughly and uniforml 

Spray trees thoroughly and uniformly 

to the point of runoff. Use the higher 

rate on more vigorous trees. 

Treat 2 to 4 weeks after full bloom. 

To help minimize fruit thinning, delay 

application until 6 weeks after full 

bloom and after June drop. 

Remarks 

Regulating cropping from one season to another is 

a problem. Whenever a high percent of the spurs 

and lateral buds bloom in a Single season severe 

alternate bearing can develop the foDowing year. 

To overcome this problem use ETHREL ® or a 

combination of ETHREL ® plus AMID-THIN® W or 

ETHREL® plus one of the SEVIN@ products listed 

under Specific Directions applied 7 to 21 days after 

full bloom. The program to use will depend on the 

amount of thinning required and the biennial bearing 

history of your orchard. 

Expect Red Delicious to show a reduction of "type" 

and fruit size particularly on trees under stress. 

~Of higher label rates may reduce fruit size. 

!/VI. v"'l 

To increase flower bud development on non-bearing 

trees apply a fonar spray of ETHREL® 2 to 4 weeks 

after bloom. 

Treatment can result in excessive fruit thinning and 

reduced fruit size and yield reduction the year of 

usage. ETHREL® should reduce vegetative growth 

and increase flowering the following spring. Trees 

should be large enough to support a crop of apples 

before treatment to initiate flower buds. 

The use of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator can result in over thinning and reduced fruit size. 

Avoid double coverage and use on low vigor trees. 

Environmental factors can affect thinning and return bloom, it is advisable to obtain experience under your conditions by initially 

testing only a small percent of your trees each year with anyone program. 

User must consider risk of excessive fruit thinning and fruit size reduction when using ETHR.fL~rand Ethephon Plant Regulator on 

young trees just starting to bear. __ ~~ M ;- f'-o Vv\ HO V\ ~I 

Treat only vigorous trees since excessive growth reduction will result in weak trees. - .::J 

For best results a thorough uniform spray is needed. A wetting agent may improve spray coverage. 

Do not graze or feed cover crops grown in treated apple orchards. 

Do not harvest apples treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 7 days after last application. 

Fruit size reduction may occur when used to obtain early maturity, especially if fruit is small at time of treatment 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator applied earlier than 3 weeks before normal anticipated harvest may result in reduced 

fruit quality and size. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8.0 pints of this product (2.0 lb ethephon) per acre per year. 

54
BLACKBERRIES 

BLACKBERRIES IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON; A foliar spray of ETHREl® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will concentrate 

maturity and loosen fruit, improving harvesting efficiency while reducing cane injury from mechanical harvest. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

IN OREGON 5-8 To loosen fruit and concentrate maturity, Use ETHREl ®: 1) early in the harvest season to 

AND apply a foliar spray of ETHREL® at least 3 reduce the number of pickings or 2) treat later in 

WASHINGTON days prior to expected harvest when air the harvest season for a once-over final picking. 

(Cullivars temperatures are between 60°F and gO°F 

Chehalem and rain is not predicted within 24 hours. 

Thornless and Use sufficient volume to insure thorough 

Evergreen) and uniform wetting of foliage and fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not spray more than can be harvested on the third day following treatment as considerable fruit may drop. 

Use only at recommended times and rates on healthy, vigorous plants, as a reduction in berry size may occur. Do not use on 

damaged or diseased plants. 

Do not harvest blackberries treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

BLUEBERRIES 

BLUEBERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator concentrates maturity of blueberries for easier and more 

efficient harvest. A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will abort black barrenberry (Aronia melanocarpa) flowers 

andlor fruit growing in Maine lowbush blueberry fields reducing the number of undesirable barrenberry fruit harvested with blueberries. 

,""\ 

ETHREL® 

~'/ 

, .... Crop Situation PlntsfAcre Specific Directions Remarks 

CONCENTRATION 4-8 Apply a foliar spray of ETHR~~~:and To concentrate first harvest, apply ETHREL ® 

OF MATURITY Ethephon Plant Regulator at a rat of 4 to brand Ethephon Plant Regulator when 15 to 20% 

AND EARLIER 8 pints in 150 to 200 gallons of water per of the berries are blue. To concentrate final 

FRUIT COLORING acre. Use the higher spray volume and harvest, treat after the first or second picking. 

{Cultivars Bluecrop, rate on large dense foliage bushes or Harvest blueberries at proper maturity when 

Weymouth, Jersey, when temperatures are cool. Treat when colored, generally 000 to two weeks after 

Rancocas, Rubel, air temperatures are 60 to 900 F. treatment. Observe fruit daily as the proper 

Bluetta, Erliblue, Thorough uniform spray coverage of picking period for optimum intemal and external 

Wolcott, Croatan, foliage and fruit is essential for maximum quality is shorter with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

Murphy, Angola, fruit maturation ood coloration. To aid Plant Regulator treated fruit than with untreated 

Morrow, Garden uniform wetting of plants, use a wetting fruit. High temperatures (900 F) accelerate fruit 

Blue, Trilblue and agent such as Triton B-1956 at 0.5 pint ripening. 

NC901) per 100 gallons or X-77 at 2.0 pints per ETHREL ® treatments may increase fruit with 

100 gallons. stems, slightly decrease fruit size, soluble solids 

" '("o)C ; ~e.ly ';,te) &t~ and acidity. ETHREL® may not induce internal NJ'f rioenina as rapidlv as fruit color. 

BLACK 4-8 Apply 4 to 8 pints per ac HREL ® Use the lower rates of ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

BARRENBERRY brand Ethephon Plant Regulator ~100 to Plant Regulator when black barrenberries are 

CONTROL IN LOW 200 gallons of w~er acre for ground between 90 to 100% petal fall and use the higher 

BUSH sprayers and 10 ga s rater per acre rates of ETHREL® when black barrenberry fruit is 

BLUEBERRIES IN for aerial application. (~tePldt;iJ 1/8 to 3/16 inch in diameter. This is generally 7 to 

MAINE Thorough uniform spray coverage is 10 days after blueberries are in the same stages 

essential. To aid in uniform wetting of of development. Harvest blueberry fruit when 

plants, use a wetting agent such as X-77 ripe, generally 6 to 8 weeks after application. 

at 0.1 % of the sorav ·volume. 

Use Limitations 

Applications to cultivars other than those listed above may cause excessive steminess and/or premature crops. 

Make no more than one application per season. 

If used for barrenberry control in Maine, do not make a second application for blueberry concentration of maturity or coloring. 

Do not treat blueberry plants under drought stress or excessively high temperatures as defoliation and reduced yield may reeull. 

55
CANTALOUPES 

CANTALOUPES IN CALlFORNIA, ARIZONA, AND TEXAS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

abscission (slipping) of fruit allowing more efficient and economical halV8sting. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CALIFORNIA, 3 Good spray coverage i, The effect will be faster at higher temperatures. Proper timing of 

ARIZONA, important foe producing ETHREL® treatment is critical, but may vary from season to 

TEXAS uniform abscission. Use 40 season. Fruit quality, in terms of soluble solids and flesh color, 

oe more gallons/acre foe does not improve following treatment Therefore, ETHREL® should 

ground aod 10 oe moce not be used until after fruit has developed marketable levels of 

gallons/acre foe aerial soluble solids and flesh color. ETHREL® promotes abscission of 

application. (Aerial immature fruit as well as marketable fruit. Thus, using ETHREL ® applications ace only too soon will result in poorly colored fruit with substandard soluble permitted in Texas.) solids. 

Be prepared to harvest Observe treated fields frequently and pick fruit when market quality abscised fruit 2 to 5 days is reached. Fruit allowed to remain in the field too long will lose after treatment. The exact quality. Some yellowing or rapid aging of vines will be seen pre-harvest interval will vary following treatment. Plants with low vigor will not respond properly. with temperature. Be sure Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment to coordinate your 

harvesting schedule with 

our oacker/shipper. 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator should not be applied when night temperatures are below 60~F. 

Treat only those fruit that have a fairly uniform fruit set, have vines in good condition, and have fruit with marketable soluble solids 

and internal flesh color. Do not treat fields where soluble solids are running less than 10%. 

00 not harvest cantaloupes treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 3 pints of this product (0.75 Ib ethephon) per acre per yeaL 

56
CHERRIES 

Except California 

CHERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator loosens fruit and promotes early uniform ripening, and 

reduces the shaker force needed to mechanically harvest fruit. These effects are important for increasing efficiency, recoverable yields, 

maintaining fruit quality and reducing tree iniury. DO NOT USE ON CHERRIES IN CALIFORNIA. A fall application of ETHREL® to 

sweet cherries in the Pacific Northwest area increases dormant bud hardiness and delays bloom the following spring. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

TART Dilute Spray Apply " a dilute spray with sufficient water for 

CHERRIES 1 thorough. uniform coverage. The optimum spray 

volume will depend on tree size, planting density and 

equipment used. 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2/3 to 1 

SWEET Dilute Spray Apply as a dilute spray with sufficient water for Expect a longer treatment to 

CHERRIES 3 to 4 thorough uniform coverage. Actual volume will depend harvest interval with lower rates. 

(varieties such as on the type of delivery, sprayer used and size of trees. 

Windsor, Use low rates on the light or yellow-colored varieties. 

Napoleon-Royal 

Anne, Emperor 

Francis) 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2-3 

INCREASED 3 Treat in first two weeks of September. A fall application of ETHREL® will 

DORMANT increase fruit bud hardiness by 

FRUIT BUD decreasing the chance for winter 

HARDINESS injury and delaying bloom by 3 to 5 

AND DELAYED days which may help avoid frost 

SPRING BLOOM injury. Treatment of early flowering 

(Sweet Cherries varieties may delay bloom to better 

in the Pacific coincide with pollination from other 

Northwest) varieties. 

Use Limitations 

Not for use on cherries in California. 

Apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum spray volume of 50 gallons per acre. 

Do not treat too early as this can cause early fruit drop with stems attached. 

Some gummosis of cherry trees is associated with treatment. 

High temperatures during and after application may cause severe gummosis. 

Do not treat trees that had severe gummosis the previous year as tree damage will result. 

Do not apply to trees that are of low vigor or have experienced severe stress (such as winter injury, drought, or disease), since 

gummosis will be excessive, particularly when high temperatures and/or drought fOllow treatment. 

If possible, irrigate orchards to prevent drought stress resulting in gummosis. 

Do not harvest cherries treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 7 days after last application. 

At the time of application, all fruit including those inside the tree canopy, should be in stage 3 as indicated by rapid size increase and 

the presence of ground color (change from bright green to yellow background color). Treat when air temperatures are between 60 

and 85QF. Do not treat when air temperatures exceed 85QF. Uniform coverage is important, concentrated sprays associated with 

erratic application can result in gummosis and tip dieback. 

Some early leaf yellowing and drop may be noted following application. 

Slight gummosis and individual fruit size reduction may result with fall application bud hardiness treatment. "0+ '2.0 4-

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 4.0 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. ~~ 

"f"'je.-'( ote..{~ - ... 10~ 

57
GRAPES 

(Only in California and Arizona) 

GRAPES (TABLE GRAPES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA): An application of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

early uniform color development on table grape varieties such as Cardinal, Emperor, Flame seedless, Red Malaga. Queen and Tokay 

allowing more efficient harvests of quality fruit. 

GRAPES (RAISIN PRODUCTION): A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will hasten maturity of Thompson 

seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, increased sugars and increased raisin quality . 

Crop Situation 

TABLE GRAPES 

(such as 

Cardinal, Flame 

Seedless, Red 

Malaga, and 

Queen) 

TOKAY GRAPES 

RAISIN 

PRODUCTION 

(Thompson 

Seedless) 

Use Limitations 

Table Grapes 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

1/2 - 2 

1 -2 

1 - 2 

. s !l.~~ ,.. (\... Specific Directions 

(abov FO[~",M~"litiO", "F) use lower rates of 

112 to 1 pin er acre. For low 

temperature onditions (but above 

65°F) use higher rates. Apply in 

sufficient water to wet vines and 

fruit clusters uniformly, using 

conventional ground sprayers. 

Treat when 5 - 30% of berries 

show color. 

Treat Tokays when 5 - 15% of 

berries show color. 

Apply as a foliar spray at 5% berry 

softening. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

Remarks 

Harvest fruit at desired maturity and quality as indicated by 

sugar content, acidity and color. This is generally two 

weeks or more after treatment. Watch treated areas closely 

and harvest before berries become too dark. For more 

information regarding local experiences with this product on 

grapes, consult your Farm Advisor oc Extension 

Viticulturist. 

A foliar spray of ETHREL® will hasten maturity of 

Thompson Seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, 

increased sugars and increased raisin quality. For more 

information regarding local experience with this product on 

araoes consult vour Farm Advisor or Extension Viticulturist. 

Rates higher than 1 pintlA may increase the incidence of cracked fruit and should be used only in areas or during weather conditions 

where grapes have been especially hard-to-color in past seasons. 

Some berry softening is associated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator treatment of some varieties which may limit or 

influence storage considerations. 

Do not store Tokays. 

Do not harvest grapes treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 14 days after last appl"lcation. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Raisin Production (Thompson Seedless) 

Do not apply to grapes under stress from insect damage or moisture stress. Observe treated vineyards closely and harvest at proper 

maturity as determined by sugar acid levels. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

!1~ 

58
PEPPERS 

PEPPERS: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform ripening and coloring for more efficient 

packing and handling of fruit. 

Crop Situation 

PEPPERS 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

1 1/4 - 4 

Specific Directions 

Thorough coverage is essential. For ground or air 

application choose equipment and spray volumes 

that will insure uniform coverage of foliage and fruil. 

Use the higher rate when cool temperatures are 

anticipated (leSS than 65~F), when plants are 

growing vigorously or when foliage is dense to 

assure thorough wetting of all leaves and fruit. 

Use the lower rates with lower spray volumes (1 1/4 

to 2 pint rate in 20 gallA) and higher rates with 

higher volumes (3-4 pints/40 gallA). The 3-4 pint 

rate in less than 40 gpa may cause foliage burn 

under hot dry conditions. 

Apply ETHREL ® to bell peppers when 10% of fruit 

are red and chocolate and to chili and pimento 

pepper varieties when 10 to 30% of fruit are red and 

chocolate and there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce desired tonnage. ETHREL® will not ripen 

immature, Qreen fruit. 

Remarks 

Check several field locations to determine 

crop stage and degree of maturity. 

ETHREL® treatments may reduce total 

yields if applied too early or there is a lack 

of uniform, mature, green fruit resulting 

from split fruit set or variable soil cultural 

practices. Harvest fruit after desired color 

and maturity are attaine~enerally 14 or 

more days after treatment. ) 

C~e..{J 

Do not apply when prolonged average high temperatures of 95°F after treatment are expected. 

Do not treat when temperatures exceed 100"F. Applications made under high temperatures will accentuate fruit ripening, yellowing of 

foliage, defoliation and immature fruit abscission. 

Do not treat when average temperatures are below 60"F. Low temperatures after treatment may reduce or negate the effects of 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator. 

Some yellowing and general aging of leaves will be noted after treatment. 

Do not harvest peppers treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 4 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

NOTE: Under certain conditions tank mixtures of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with desiccants containing sodium 

chlorate could resuft in the formation of hypochlorous acids which on heating will emit toxic chloride fumes. 

59
CROP AND 

USE 

PINEAPPLE 

Flower Induction 

ETHREL® applied to 

pineapple plants will 

stimulate unjform 

initiation of flowering. 

Maturity 

Concentration 

ETHREL ® application 

will stimulate unjform 

shell color 

development 

SUGARCANE 

Flower Prevention 

ETHREL ® application 

will prevent or reduce 

flowering and pithy 

tissue formation. 

Biomass Increase 

ETHREL ® used to 

prevent flowering can 

also result in 

increased biomass 

accumulation and 

recoverable sugar 

yield. 

PINEAPPLE AND SUGARCANE 

RATE PER SPRAY 

ACRE VOLUME APPLICATION TIMING SPECIFIC COMMENTS RESTRICTIONS 

2 -4 quarts tOO to 500 "Bearing age' about 12 Proper rate will vary with Do not graze pineapple 

~ gallA months after planting. local growing conditions, forage treated 'Nith 

Generally about 6 months varietfes, plantation ETHREL® Do not harvest 

prior to desired harvest. management practices pineapples treated with 

~ ~'1'0I' ~ and time ofyeaL Use the ETHREL@soonerthan2 

10 .... 'V' ...J_, .. -'- 'I I higher rate where earlier days after the last 

f'"r--O V'r I 1. ~'I' 1. F" t V'v\.S 'harvest is desired. Apply application. 

t -4 quarts 100 to 300 Vllhen the first fruit begin 

\ gallA to change color. 

,~ b. e.J- -r~ WI Y2.. + f.I 2. f> \ f..,ii.s" 

[ ~J 

{ pmts/ 7 gallA Just prior 

\ minimum initiation. 

~~eJ 

-f'l'O"",I..I" Y'l. If, 

i 

to flower 

'll/hen pineapple foliage is 

dr< 

Use a broadcast spray, I 

thoroughly cover both 

foliage and fruit. Use the 

higher rate during periods 

of cool or cloudy weather 

when normal ripening has 

slowed. 

AP~y by fixed wing a:Jaft I Do not harvest sugarcane 

or helicopter using equip- treated with ETHREL ® 

ment designed to give' sooner than 2 months \ 

unifOrm coverage. after the last application. 

Actual biomass increase Do not graze sugarcane 

will be affected by the time forage treated with 

between treatment and ETHREL®. 

harvest. 

I Consider anticipated recoverable sugars as well 

as biomass to determine 

optimum harvest date. For Use in Hawaii Only. 

I I 

60
TOBACCO 

(Flue-Cured Only) 

TOBACCO (FLUE.CURED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform "yellowing" of mature 

tobacco. ETHREL® reduces curing time, allowing more efficient use of curing barn space, and increased control over harvest 

schedules. 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator increases the capacity of the curing barn by shortening the curing time and allows 

adjustments in harvest schedules. ETHREL ® can be used as a directed spray to the bottom or middle portion of the tobacco plant or as 

an over-the-top spray. ETHREL® is not intended or recommended for use on immature tobacco. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions 

DIRECTED 4 Use drop nozzles. Choose TG or OC spray tips designed to apply 50 - 60 gpa at 35-40 psi and at 

SPRAY tractor speed of 2-3 mph. Use 2 nozzles per row; one on each side of the row dropped low 

APPUCATION enough to direct the spray to the leaves to be ripened and harvested. Thorough spray 

coverage is essential. With a directed spray, be sure to harvest all leaves with 20% or more 

yelJowin-g. 

OVER-THE-TOP 4-8 Treat only when leaves remaining on the stalk are mature. To ensure remaining leaves are 

APPLICATION mature, test spray several tobacco plants as described under the section "Application Timing". 

Use the lower rate in a normally mature crop when experience indicates that minimum ripening 

inducement is required. Use the higher rate when the crop is heavy and has a tendency to be 

more rank or when temperatures are lower than normal. Always test spray to d~ermive if the 

tobacco is mature enough to respond to treatment with ETHREL®. Us: n ..." ~ 

Apply over-the-top ETHREL® spray as a fine mist using three nozzles (one nozzle t~over the 

center of the plant, and one on each side) to assure all leaves are covered thoroughly, similar to 

the application pattem of systemic sucker control agents. Use a spray pressure of 40 to 60 psi. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to immature leaves as this can result in unsatisfactory coloring, weight 

loss and reduced leaf quality. 

Do not allow the crop to over ripen in the field after using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator, since this may cause some 

reduction in yield and quality. 

Do not treat before anticipated major storm which could prevent harvest and result in crop loss. 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator if rain is expected within 6 hours. 

Do not harvest tobacco treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

APPLICATION TIMING 

Successful results with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator call for treatment when leaves are mature, not overly rank green 

when sprayed. To easily determine the proper treatment timing and the number of leaves per stalk ready for harvest, test spray several 

plants in more than one location in each field and observe the response. Mature leaves will begin to yellow in 24 to 72 hours. Test 

leaves that fail to yellow in 72 hours are not mature and are not ready for ETHREL® treatment. Wait a few days to permit further natural 

maturing, then make another test spray or "maturity" check. 

Determine acres to treat by first confirming the number of leaves per plant that will color, then use barn capacity to calCUlate the number 

of acres to treat. 

A test spray can be prepared by mixing 4 teaspoons of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 1 quart of water. Apply about 1 

ounce to each test plant coveriQg al~I~..v~ with a fine mist. ETHREL ® will not color immature leaves. 

To avoid quality loss andfur' P~~~;JP, harvest any yellowed leaves prior to application. Use lower rates under most conditions. 

Limit use of higher rates to cool (below 6soF at the time of treatment) slow ripening conditions. 

WHEN TO HARVEST 

All mature, sprayed leaves will begin to color within 24 to 72 hours after ETHREL® application. The yellowing process is weather 

dependent; cool weather will delay, while hot, sunny weather can speed up the process. Harvest treated tobacco when leavej have It 

reached the desired color intensity. t\ II tof ~ 

oI~'4~ 

61
Harvest can commence 48 hours after ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator application. To determine harvest timing and avoid 

quality loss or leaf drop, closely monitor treated crop and weather conditions. 

CURING ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR TREATED TOBACCO 

Curing procedures are as much an art as a science and each cure must be judged on the basis of tobacco condition, interval between 

treatment and harvest, weather and type of curing faCility before prescription temperature and ventilation schedules can be established. 

To obtain maximum quality, care must be taken to observe and control the curing process closely, especially du~inq the late "coloring" 

and early "drying" stages of the leaf. [' ~ eel "1 ~ 

Ethephon treated tobacco will have started the coloring process when harvested, reducing the time required in the coloring ph se of 

curing, Treated tobacco should be dried faster. If tobacco leaves are green or contain some green when harvested, it may be nec ssary 

to color them for a few hours. If the leaves are completely yellow, temperature and ventilation must be adjusted in a manner adequate to 

dry the tobacco as fast as possible without scalding. Once the leaf is dried (3f4 dry), you should follow normal procedures for curing. 

Since ETHREL ® treated leaves cure faster, treated and untreated leaves should not be cured together in the same barn. 

TOMATOES 

TOMATOES (PROCESSED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates and concentrates tomato 

ripening increasing recoverable fruit yield from a once-over harvest. Plant Regulator application starts the normal ripening process 

earlier and increases the rate of ripening of mature green fruit concentrating maturity. Concentrated maturity enables high recoverable 

yields of ripe tomatoes in once-over harvest. Early concentrated maturity extends the normal harvest season and helps growers 

schedule harvest and handling more effectively. 

TOMATOES (FRESH MARKET IN CALIFORNIA): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates tomato 

ripening increasing the early yields of marketable ripe fruit. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintsfAcre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 11f4-31f4 Apply 1 Y. to 3 Y. pints per acre of Apply ETHREL® when desired tonnage of fruit has 

TOMATOES ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant reached marketable size aod maturity. Check fields 

Early and Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons closely for stage and degree of uniform maturity prior to 

Midseason Crops per acre for ground application and a application. Sample several plants throughout the field to 

or Warm minimum of 10 gallons per acre for determine proper spray date. Sort, weigh and calculate 

Conditions aerial application. Apply when 5% to the percent fruit which is red and pink, including breakers. 

15% of the fruit in the field are red Fruit size alone is not an adequate indicator. Observe 

aod pink (including breakers) aod specific directions to determine treatment stage for your 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to situation. Walk treated fields frequently to evaluate crop 

produce the desired tonnage. condition. Maintain normal cultural practice between 

Under high temperatures (above 85 treatment and harvest. Timely harvest is essential for 

F), rates as low as 1 1f4 pintsfacre maximum return of high quality fruit. Consult processor 

can be effective. representatives concerning delivery schedules aod 

Thorough coverage is essential. Foe quotas prior to appl"icaflon of ETHREL®. 

ground or air application choose Consult your local Bayer CropScience Representative, 

equipment and spray volumes that Extension Horticultural Specialist or Farm Advisor for 

will assure uniform spray coverage of suggestions on the proper use of ETHREL® when fields 

foliage aod fruit. Overdosing from have variable plant vigor due to differences in soil 

overlapping swaths or spray nozzle conditions or cultural practices and for rates of fruit 

patterns cao cause severe foliage ripening as affected by temperature, within the rate and 

injury. If bands are sprayed over the timing limitations shown on the label. 

row, reduce the amount of ETHREL ® 

used '0 proportion to the area 

actually treated. 

Observe treated fields closely aod 

harvest fruit at proper maturity. 

62
TOMATOES 

(continued) :tvA , v 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation P"mts/Acre Specific Directions 0 T vv\~ Remarks 

PROCESS 3114-61/2 Apply 3 Yo to 6 Yo pints per acre of ETHREL® ~Tp~d )larves! at proper maturity. 

TOMATOES Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons per ifemperatures above gO°F may 

Late Season or acre for ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons· cause fruit to ripen sooner whereas 

Coastal Crops or per acre for aerial application. Apply when 5% to 30% of temperatures below 65" F retard 

Cool Conditions fruit in the field are red and pink (including breakers) and natural color development and may 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired extend the time between treatment 

tonnage. Maximum response is achieved when fruit to be and harvest. 

treated is 5 to 15% pink and red. Use the higher rate of 

ETHREL ® when nighttime temperatures are cool (below 

65°F) or vegetative growth is dense. Thorough coverage is 

essential. For ground or air application choose equipment 

and sorav volumes that will assure uniform sorav coveraqe 

FRESH MARKET 11/4-5 Apply ETHREL ® when desired tonnage of fruit has reached Check treated fruit frequently and 

TOMATOES marketable size and maturity. generally 3 to 6 days before harvest at desired maturity. When 

California desired harvest date. Expect onl¥ne harvest from treated programming harvest. spray a 

areas. D, W oct e./·r different block each day aod 

Apply 1 y,. to 5 pints per acre of ETHREL® b?ara;,thePhon harvest blocks daily in the same 

Plant Regulator in a minimum 01 40 gallons Iper acre for sequence. 

ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons per acre 

for aerial application. Thorough coverage is essential. For 

ground or air application choose equipment and spray 

volumes that will assure uniform spray coverage 

Use the higher rate and longer preharvest interval on late 

season crops, when temperatures are cool (generally below 

85°F) and foliage is dense. Under high temperatures, rates 

as low as 1 1/4 pints per acre have been effective while 

reducing foliage damage particularly on more sensitive 

varieties - see above. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply before there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired tonnage. ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

will not ripen immature green fruit. 

Some yellowing and general aging of foliage may be observed following treatment. 

Do not treat plants with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, d'lsease or insect damage. 

Treatment of weak plants will result in rapid loss of foliage cover increasing sunburn and sun scald potential, especially under high 

temperature conditions. 

Do not treat when sustained temperatures above 105°F are anticipated. 

Do not treat sensitive varieties during period when temperatures exceed 1DDoF. Foliar damage is more severe on certain varieties 

such as VF 10, VF 315, VF 145, 21-4, and 13L. During periods of high tempera1ures use the lower rates on sensitive varieties. 

Do not tank mix with sun protection products, sun protection whiteners, spray adjuvants or other additives. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to more acreage than can be harvested in 2 to 3 days. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to varieties known to soften rapidly or shatter when ripe. 

Do not use on greenhouse tomatoes. 

Do not harvest tomatoes treated with Ethrel® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 6.5 pints of this product (1.63 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

63
WALNUTS 

WALNUTS IN CALIFORNIA: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will loosen walnuts for increased efficiency of 

mechanical harvest, promote earlier harvest, improve hull removal, and increase recoverable yields from a once-over harvest. 

Crop ETHREL® Specific Directions Situation Pints/Acre 

Expect best results with spray concentrations of 

California 3-5 

preparation 

300 to 900 ppm. 

chart 

Refer 

below. 

to ~ 

Under ow 

temperatures and/or low humidity conditions 

use the higher label rates. Expect less time 

between application 00' harvest with higher 

label rates. 

For best results treat when air temperatures are 

between 60°F 00' 95°F. Expect reduced 

effectiveness if above 90°F with low humidity 

due to spray evaporation. 

Thorough uniform coverage of walnut hulls is 

essential for maximum hull split and nut 

loosening response. Choose equipment that 

provides maximum spray penetration of the 

entire tree canopy. U,e large air carrier 

sprayers where tree size jeopardizes coverage. 

Or volute sprayer attachments may help. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Treatment prior to packing tissue brown (mature) stage may reduce nut quality. 

Some leaf drop is associated with treatment. 

Remarks 

Walnuts are mature when the packing tissue 

between kernel halves completes browning. 

Collect nut samples from throughout the tree 

canopy when determining percent nut maturity. 

Advancing Harvest - Apply when 95-100% of the 

nuts have reached maturity. Inspect frequently 

00' harvest " soon " adequate hullability 

occurs generally 10-16 days after treatment 

depending 00 variety and weather conditions. 

Plan second shake 10-12 days after first shake. 

Once Over Harvest - Variety, growing conditions 

and weather affect maturity and the opportunity 

for once over harvest. Contact a local fieldman or 

Farm Advisor to determine if once over harvest 

can be expected in your situation. Apply to 

mature walnuts 10 days prior to expected harvest 

date. Expect actual harvest to range from 7-12 

days after treatment. 

Do not treat diseased, low vigor or moisture stressed trees as excessive leaf drop may occur. 

Assure that dosage rates are measured accurately since rates higher than recommended may result in tree injury (such as 

excessive defoliation, reduced catkin formation and twig dieback). 

Do not harvest walnuts treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 5 pints of this product (1.25Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

ETHREL®SPRAY PREPARATION CHART 

Sgray Volume (gallons/acre) 

ETHREL® Rate 100 200 300 400 

Pints/A Lbs/A Concentration (gpm) 

3 0.75 900 450 300 - 4 1.00 --- 600 400 300 

5 1.25 --- 750 500 375 

500 

---

---

300 

64
MISTLETOE REMOVAL 

DWARF AND LEAFY MISTLETOE REMOVAL: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will remove dwarf 

mistletoe shoots in ornamental conifers and leafy mistletoe from ornamental deciduous trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount 

DWARF 2 pints 

MISTLETOE ON pee 

ORNAMENTAL 20 gallons 

CONIFERS 

DOUGLAS FIR 1 pint 

ORNAMENTALS pe, 

20 gallons 

LEAFY 2 quarts 

MISTLETOE pe, 

ON 20 gallons 

ORNAMENTAL 

DECIDUOUS 

TREES 

Specific Directions Remarks 

Apply as a foliar spray to dwarf Applications made in conjunction with sylvicultural 

mistletoe shoots before mistletoe mistletoe management will prevent spread of the 

seed dispersal. Fo' effective mistletoe parasite to other parts of the tree and 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must other trees. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a non- Mature needle drop, that normally occurs in the 

ionic surfactant at recommended fall, may be hastened by the use of ETHREL®. rates may increase effectiveness. 

Treat any mistletoe regrowth before Applications of higher rates on Douglas fir may 

seed dispersal. result in excessive needle drop. 

Make applications after fall leaf drop Large mistletoe infections and mistletoe found in 

through mid-winter. Foe effective mesquite may be difficult to control with a single 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must application and retreatment may be necessary. 

be sprayed to wet Use of a nonionic surfactant at recommended 

rates may increase effectiveness. 

Any mistletoe regrowth should be 

treated during the labeled 

application window. 

FRUIT ELIMINATION 

(Ornamental Use Only) 

UNDESIRABLE FRUIT ELIMINATION: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will reduce or eliminate 

undesirable fruit development on apple, crabapple, carob and olive trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount Specific Directions Remarks 

APPLES 8 to 12 ounces Apply as a fonar spray at the flower Application must be made before fruit set for best 

CRABAPPLES pe, bud to full bloom stage, prior to fruit results. 

set Wet foliage thoroughly. Over Do not treat weak trees or trees under stress 20 gallons application of ETHREL® Plant (drought, insect or disease damaged trees) as 

Do not exceed 12 Regulator can result in excessive excessive leaf drop or twig drop can result 

ounces (0.15 oz. leaf drop and/or tree defoliation. 

ai/gallon) per U,e higher rates when Some leaf drop or temporary leaf yellowing may 

application. temperatures are cool. occur after treatment 

CAROB 6 ounces Apply a, a foliar spray. Wet all Do not use 00 small red fruited varieties of 

(Ceratonia sifiqua) pe' foliage thoroughly. Amount of spray crabapple a, fruit elimination will oot be 

20 gallons 

will depend on tree size. satisfactory. 

OLlVE* 12 ounces 

(Olea europaea) pe' 

20 gallons 

*This recommendation is not intended to be used on commercial fruit production as a thinning agent 

"of 20 I 

oleJ.~ 

18 'E- J 

65
TURF 

An application of Ethrel slows the growth of turfgrass8s thus reducing the required frequency of mowing and the volume of clippings 

collected. 

SITES RATE APPLICATION SPRAY VOLUME 

Fairways, Roughs & Commercial 6f1ozl1,OOOsqft Apply to actively growing turf. It will 0.5-4.0 9als/1,000 sq ft 

Turfgrasses, including BentgraS$ require 7-10 days for ETHREL®to 

(Fairway cut), Kentucky act Reapplication intervals: 

Bluegrass, Perennial Ryegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass-7 wks. 

Tall & Fine Fescue Perennial Ryegrass-7 wks. 

Tall/Fine Fescue-4 wks. 

Bentgrass-4 wks. 

Use Limitations: 

Do not allow entry to treated areas until sprays have dried. 

For best results, apply with sprayer in sufficient volume of water to provide uniform coverage. ETHREL® is foliarly absorbed. 

Apply only to actively growing turf, under favorable growing conditions, that is not going into a dormancy period. Do not treat turfgrass 

with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Do not apply to golf course greens. 

Use of spreaders/stickers with ETHREL® is not necessary. 

ETHREl® is an acidic product and prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastics, certain paints and metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure 

to spray deposits. 

Test tankmixes with other products on a small area before using widely. 

66
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE 

Read the entire Directions for Use, Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of Liability before using this product. If terms 

are not acceptable, return the unopened product container at once. 

By using this product, user or buyer accepts the following Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of Liability. 

CONDITIONS: The directions for use of this product are believed to be adequate and must be followed carefully. However, it is 

impossible to eliminate all risks associated with the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences 

may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which 

are beyond the control of Bayer CropScience Lp. All such risks shall be assumed by the user or buyer. 

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP MAKES 

NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABiliTY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 

OR OTHERWISE, THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE STATEMENTS MADE ON THIS LABEL No agent of Bayer CropScience LP is 

authorized to make any warranties beyond those contained herein or to modify the warranties contained herein. TO THE EXTENT 

CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FOR SPECIAL, 

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT. 

LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE 

USER OR BUYER FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS 

PRODUCT, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, SHALL NOT 

EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, OR AT BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP'S ELECTION, THE REPLACEMENT OF PRODUCT. 

NET CONTENTS: 

ETHREL is a registered trademark of Bayer. 

Produced for 

Bayer CropScience 

P.O. Box t20 t4, 2 T.w. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 

(r~eel] 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (Pending) 01f20ftO, Resubmitted 06f02f10 

67
® ETH RE L brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

For Commercial Or Agricultural Use Only. Not For Residential Use. 

For use on Apples, Blackberries, Blueberries, Cantaloupes, Cherries, Grapes, Peppers, Pineapple, 

Sugarcane, Tobacco, Tomatoes, Walnuts, and for the removal of Dwali Mistletoe in Ornamental Conifers and 

Leafy Mistletoe in Ornamental Deciduous Trees and for the elimination of undesirable fruit on Apple, 

Crabapple, Carob, and Olive trees. 

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acidJ* ............. . 

INERT INGREDIENTS: .................................. . 

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

DANGER PELIGRO 

Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que S8 la explique a usted en detalie. 

(If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detail.) 

. ......... 21.7% 

. ....... 78.3% 

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1M800 M334-7577 

For PRODUCT USE Information Call1-888MAVENTIS (1 M888M283.6847) 

FIRST AID 

IF IN EYES: • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15M20 minutes. 

• Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF SWALLOWED: • Immediately call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

• Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

• Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. 

• Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 

IF ON SKIN OR • Take off contaminated clothing. 

CLOTHING: Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15M20 minutes. • 

• Call a ooison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF INHALED: • Move person to fresh air. 

• If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably mouth·to· 

moulh if possible. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. 

For MEDICAL Emergencies Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800..334-7577. 

Have the product container or label with you when callinr:J a poison control center or doctor or Qoinr:J for treatment. 

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage. No specific antidote is available. All 

treatments should be based on observed signs and symptoms of distress in the patient. Overexposure to materials other than this 

product may have occurred. 

Victims of severe overexposure by inhalation should be kept under medical observation for up to 72 hours for delayed onset of 

pulmonary edema. In a victim of overexposure by ingestion, careful gastric lavage is required due to the possibility of stomach or 

esophageal perforation. This material is an acid, but the use of alkaline stbstances 10 neutralize it is conlraindicated. 

68
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

DANGER 

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Wear safety goggles when handling. Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Do not 

get in eyes or on clothing. Avoid contact with skin. Do not inhale vapors as this product will irritate mucous membranes. 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

Some materials that are chemical-resistant to this product are listed below. If you want more options, follow the instructions for Category 

A on an EPA chemical-resistance selection chart. 

Applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof 

material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, shoes plus socks and protective eyewear. 

When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection 

Standard for agricultural pesticides (WPS) [40 CFR 170.240 (d) {4-6)J, the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as 

specified in the WPS. 

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this products concentrate. Do not 

reuse them. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and 

hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. 

User Safety Recommendations 

Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 

Users should remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash body thoroughly and change into clean clothing. The 

contaminated clothing should be washed before reuse. 

Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean 

clothing. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. 

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not 

contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. 

Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may 

be in the area during application. For any requirements specific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide 

regulations. Read entire label before using this product. 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. This standard contains 

requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural 

pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains specific 

instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPE), notification to 

workers, and restricted-entry intervals. The requirements in this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker 

Protection Standard_ 

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. The REI is 72 hours in areas 

where average rainfall is less than 25 inches per year. 

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with 

anything that has been treated such as plants, soil or water is coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant 

gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, chemical resistant footwear plus socks, and goggles 

or face shield. For overhead exposure, chemical-resistant headgear is also required. 

Notify workers of the application by warning them orally and by posting warning signs at entrance to treated areas. 

2 

69
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

PESTICIDE STORAGE 

Do not contaminate water, food. or feed by storage and disposal. 

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL 

Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. 

If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control 

Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. 

Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. 

CONTAINER DISPOSAL 

Rigid, Non-refillable containers small enough to shake (i.e., wilh capacities equal to or less than 5 gallons) 

Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse or pressure rinse container (or 

equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and 

drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 114 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into 

application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat 

this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill. 

ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR 

Promotes earlier, uniform coloring of mature FLUE-CURED TOBACCO. Promotes earlier coloration and maturity of TOMATOES, 

GRAPES, APPLES, and PEPPERS. Loosens CHERRIES, WALNUTS, and APPLES for earlier, more efficient harvest. Promotes fruit 

abscission (slipping) in CANTALOUPES. Increases dormant fruit bud hardiness and delayed spring bloom of SWEET CHERRIES in the 

Pacific Northwest. Accelerates BLACKBERRY ripening and loosening. Concentrates BLUEBERRY maturity and aids in barrenberry 

control, pineapple flower induction, pineapple maturity concentration, sugarcane flower prevention and biomass increase. Removes 

dwarf mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL CONIFERS and leafy mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS TREES. Eliminates 

undesirable fru·rt on APPLE. CRABAPPLE, CAROB, and OLIVE trees. 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

For local recommendations on rates, spray volumes (gallons of water per acre), and spray equipment under varying temperature and 

rainfall conditions consult your Extension Pomologist, Horticultural SpeCialist, Bayer CropScience Representative or Farm Advisor for 

his experience with this product in your area. 

APPLICATION VOLUMES AND SPRAY COVERAGE 

Thorough spray coverage 'IS essential to achieve max'lmum product effectiveness. Spray coverage is affected by choice of equipment. 

nozzle selection and spray boom setup as well as spray pressure, plant size and canopy density. For both air and ground applications, it 

is important to choose an equipment setup that will assure thorough coverage of plant canopy (foliage and fruit). The actual spray 

volume required will vary with the size and density of the plant canopy and the equipment used. In California and Arizona use a volume 

of no less than 5 gallons per acre for aerial applications. 

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 

Do not contaminate water used for irrigation or domestic purposes. 

Avoid spray drift to nearby crops as th'ls product will cause modifications in plant growth. Plant injury or reduced yields will result. 

Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. 

DO NOT MIX ETHREL® WITH AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE. SUCH TANK MIXTURES MAY RESULT IN FORMATION OF TOXIC 

FUMES. 

Add y,; to o/.i of the required amount of water to the spray tank. Start agitation. Add the required amount of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

Plant Regulator. 

Mix only the amount of spray you expect to use each day. Do not allow mixed solution to stand overnight. 

Do not use ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with additives other than recommended on this label. 

Avoid spills of concentrated product on spray equipment or airplane parts. 

IMMEDIATELY RINSE ANY SPILLS WITH PLENTY OF WATER AS ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR IS 

CORROSIVE. 

IMPORTANT: Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator through any type of irrigation system. 

Do not use this product for purposes other than those listed on the label. 

Do not exceed the rate of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator per acre per year recommended on this label. 

3 

70
SPRAY DRIFT 

Avoid spray drift. Do not apply when weather conditions may cause drift. Do not allow this product to drift on to non-target areas. Drift 

may result in illegal residues or injury to adjacent crops and vegetation. in the form of leaf yellowing and defoliation. To avoid spray drift, 

DO NOT apply aerially when wind speed is greater than 10 mph or during periods of temperature inversions. Use of larger droplet size 

will also reduce spray drift. 

AVOIDING SPRAY DRIFT AT THE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATOR. 

The interaction of many equipment-and-weather-related factors determine the potential for spray drift. The applicator is responsible for 

considering all these factors when making decisions. 

The following drift management requirements must be followed to avoid off-target movement from aerial applications to agricultural field 

crops. These requirements do not apply to forestry applications, public health uses or to applications using dry formulations. 

1. The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 3/4 the length of the wingspan or rotor. 

2. Nozzles must always point backward parallel with the air stream and never be pointed downwards more than 45 degrees. 

Where states have more stringent regulations, they should be observed. 

The applicator should be familiar with and take into account the information covered in the Aerial Drift Reduction Advisory below: 

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY 

INFORMATION ON DROPLET SIZE 

The most effective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplets. The best drift management strategy is to apply the largest 

droplets that provide sufficient coverage and control. Applying larger droplets reduces drift potential, but will not prevent drift if 

applications are made improperly, or under unfavorable environmental conditions (See Wind, Temperature and Humidity, and 

Temperature Inversions). 

CONTROLLING DROPLET SIZE 

Volume - Use high fiow rate nozzles to apply the highest practical spray volume. Nozzles with higher rated flows produce larger 

droplets. 

Pressure - Do not exceed the nozzle manufacturer's recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger 

droplets. When higher flow rates are needed, use higher flow rate nozzles instead of increasing pressure. 

Number of nozzles - Use the minimum number of nozzles that provide uniform coverage. 

Nozzle Orientation - Orienting nozzles so that the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other 

orientations and is the recommended practice. Significant deflection from horizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drift potential. 

Nozzle Type - Use a nozzle type that is designed for the intended application. With most nozzle types, narrower spray angles produce 

larger droplets. Consider using low-drift nozzles. Solid stream nozzles oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowest 

drift. 

BOOM LENGTH 

For some use patterns, reducing the effective boom length to less than 3/4 of the wingspan or rotor length may further reduce drift 

without reducing swath width. 

APPLICATION HEIGHT 

Applications should not be made at a height greater than 10 feet above the top of the target plants unless a greater height is required 

for aircraft safety. Making applications at the lowest height that is safe reduces exposure of droplets to evaporation and wind. 

SWATH ADJUSTMENT 

When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath will be displaced downwind. Therefore, on the up and downwind edges of the 

field, the applicator should compensate for this displacement by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind. Swath adjustment distance 

should increase, with increasing drift potential {higher wind, smaller drops, etc.}. 

WIND 

Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds of 2 - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet size and equipment type 

determine drift potential at any given speed. Application should be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind direction and high 

inversion potential. NOTE: Local terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and 

how they affect spray drift. 

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 

When making applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet 

evaporation is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry. 

4 

71
TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 

Applications should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potential is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air 

mixing, which causes small suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due 

to the light variable winds common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperatures with altitude 

and are common on nights with limited cloud cover and light to no wind. They begin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the 

morning. Their presence can be indicated by ground fog; however, if fog is not present, inversions can also be identified by the 

movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves laterally in a concentrated 

cloud (under low wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical 

air mixing. 

SENSITIVE AREAS 

The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, 

known habitat for threatened or endangered species, non-target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive 

areas). 

EQUIPMENT CLEANING 

Because of the acidic nature of this product, prolonged exposure to spray depOSits will damage acrylic plastics, certain paints, and 

metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic-plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure to 

spray deposits. 

5 

72
APPLES 

APPLES: A foliar spray of ETHREl® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes fruit maturity and loosens apples, making harvest by 

hand or machine easier and more efficient. ETHREL ® applied in combination with FRUITONE@ N to control pre-harvest drop 

stimulates early development of red color and ripening without loosening fruit. Applied to young trees, ETHREL ® will suppress 

vegetative growth and promote flower bud formation. 

Crop Situation 

FRUIT LOOSENING 

1. EARLY AND 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

ETHREL® 

PintslAcre 

2 112 

Specific Directions 

Apply a foliar spray to apple trees 7 to 14 

days prior to normal antiCipated harvest. 

Use sufficient water for thorough uniform 

spray coverage. The type of sprayer used 

and size of trees will affect volume 

required. 

Observe fruit daily as the proper picking 

period is shorter with ETHREL® treated 

fruit than untreated fruit. 

Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ailA per 

season. 

Remarks 

ETHREL® provides several beneficial responses 

on apples. Depenolng on rate and time of 

application ETHREL ® will: promote fruit loosening, 

promote uniform ripening and coloring without 

loosening, promote thinning and return bloom, and 

increase flower bud development in young trees. 

For desired response, follow specific directions. 

Treat when air temperatures are between 60° F 

and 90° F. However, application may be made at 

50° F under rising temperature conditions. If 

daytime temperatures are warm, color response 

from ETHREL ® treatment will be reduced, but 

ripening and loosening effects will be accelerated. 

Cool weather may extend the interval between 

treatment and harvest. 

2. LATE Do not allow fruit to become overripe on trees. 

MATURING Fruit intended for fresh market must be checked 

VARIETIES IN for quality and maturity. Color alone is not an 

THE EASTERN adequate guide for fruit maturity. Use a pressure 

UNITED STATES gauge or other suitable methods for determining 

(varieties internal maturity. Fruit over-matured when 

maturing late~, harvested and stored may soften sooner than 

than Mcintosh) untreated fruit. 

~~~~-----+------------~ PROMOTION OF Apply foliar spray of ETHREL® and a 

UNIFORM preharvest drop control chemical 

RIPENING AND registered for use on apples such as the 

COLORING OF RED product FRUITONE® N. Use the 

VARIETIES preharvest drop control product according 

WITHOUT to label directions. Begin spraying 2 to 3 

LOOSENING weeks before normal harvest period and 

about 1 to 2 weeks before desired 

1 EARLY OR 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

1 ·4 

harvest date. 

Apply as a normal dilute spray using 

sufficient water for thorough uniform 

coverage. Actual volume will depend on 

the type of delivery of sprayer used and 

size of trees. 

Use the lower rate for apples intended for 

f--===-'------+------I storage. 

2 - 4 Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ai/A per 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

2. LATE 

MATURING season. 

VARIETIES 

(variej"les 

maturing later 

than Mcintosh) 

Do not apply ETHREL ® to more acreage than can 

be harvested in 1 to 2 days. 

Treated fruit can be satisfactorily held in cold air 

storage provided fruit is in good condition. 

Since recommendations for chemical control of 

preharvest drop vary according to location and 

variety, follow directions on the FRUITON~ N 

label. In addition, you may consult your local 

extension Pomologist or Horticulturist for his 

recommendations. 

6 

73
ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre 

THINNING AND 

RETURN BLOOM 

1. Most Varieties 1.5 - 4 

2. Difficult to Thin 3-6 

Varieties Such 

as Golden 

Delicious 

INCREASED 

FLOWER BUD 

DEVELOPMENT 

1. NON-BEARING 2-8 

TREES 

2. BEARING 1/2 - 3 

TREES 

Use Limitations 

APPLES 

(continued) 

Specific Directions 

Treat 10 to 20 days after full bloom. 

For greater thinning, this product can 

be mixed with AMID-THIN®W, 

SEVIN'" brand 4F Carbaryl 

Insecticide, SEVIN® brand 80 WSP 

Carbary) Insecticide, SEVIN® brand 

80 S Carbaryl Insecticide or SEVIN® 

brand XLR Plus Carbaryl Insecticide 

for use on apples in accordance with 

the most restrictive of the AMIDTHIN® W, SEVIN® and ETHREL® 

label limitations and precautions. No 

label dosage rates should be 

exceeded. ETHREL ® cannot be 

mixed with any product containing a 

label prohibition against such mixing. 

Consult local extension 

recommendations. 

Addition of a non-ionic surfactant can 

enhance treatment effectiveness. 

Buffering spray solution to a pH of 3 

to 5 can improve performance where 

water is alkaline. 

Use a spray volume sufficient to 

cover trees thorouQhlv and uniformlv. 

Spray trees thoroughly and uniformly 

to the point of runoff. Use the higher 

rate on more vigorous trees. 

Treat 2 to 4 weeks after full bloom. 

To help minimize fruit thinning, delay 

application until 6 weeks after full 

bloom and after June droo. 

Remarks 

Regulating cropping from one season to another is 

a problem. Whenever a high percent of the spurs 

and lateral buds bloom in a single season severe 

alternate bearing can develop the fOllowing year. 

To overcome this problem 05e ETHREL® or a 

combination of ETHREL® plus AMID-THIN® W or 

ETHREL® plus one of the SEVIN® products listed 

under Specific Directions applied 7 to 21 days after 

full bloom. The program to use will depend on the 

amount of thinning required and the biennial bearing 

history of your orchard. 

Expect Red Del"icious to show a reduction of "type" 

and fruit size particularly on trees under stress. 

Use of higher label rates may reduce fruit size. 

To increase flower bud development on non-bearing 

trees apply a foliar spray of ETHREL® 2 to 4 weeks 

after bloom. 

Treatment can result in excessive fruit thinning and 

reduced fruit size and yield reduction the year of 

usage. ETHREL® should reduce vegetative growth 

and increase flowering the following spring. Trees 

should be large enough to support a crop of apples 

before treatment to initiate flower buds. 

The use of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator can result in over thinning and reduced fruit size. 

Avoid double coverage and use on low vigor trees. 

Environmental factors can affect thinning ard return bloom, it is advisable to obta·ln experience under your conditions by initially 

testing only a small percent of your trees each year with anyone program. 

User must consider risk of excessive fruit thinning and fruit size reduction when using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator on 

young trees just starting to bear. 

Treat only vigorous trees since excessive growth reduction will result in weak trees. 

For best results a thorough uniform spray is needed. A wetting agent may improve spray coverage. 

Do not graze or feed cover crops grown in treated apple orchards. 

Do not harvest apples treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 7 days after last application. 

Fruit size reduction may occur when used to obtain early maturity, especially if fruit is small at rime of treat men!. 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator applied earlier than 3 weeks before normal anticipated harvest may result in reduced 

fruit quality and size. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8.0 pints of this product (2.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

7 

74
BLACKBERRIES 

BLACKBERRIES IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will concentrate 

maturity and loosen fruit, improving harvesting efficiency while reducing cane injury from mechanical harvest 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific OirecUons Remarks 

IN OREGON 5-8 To loosen fruit and concentrate maturity, Use ETHREL®· 1) early in the harvest season to 

AND apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® at least 3 reduce the number of pickings or 2) treat later in 

WASHINGTON days prior to expected harvest when air the harvest season for a once-over final picking. 

(Cultivars temperatures are between 60°F and gO°F 

Chehalem and rain is not predicted within 24 hours. 

Thornless and Use sufficient volume to insure thorough 

Evergreen) and uniform wetting of foli§ge and fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not spray more than can be harvested on the third day following treatment as considerable fruit may drop. 

Use only at recommended times and rates on healthy, vigorous plants, as a reduction in berry size may occur. Do not use on 

damaged or diseased plants, 

Do not harvest blackberries treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year, 

BLUEBERRIES 

BLUEBERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator concentrates maturity of blueberries for easier and more 

efficient harvest. A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will abort black barrenbeny (Aronia melanocarpa) flowers 

and/or fruit growing in Maine lowbush bluebeny fields reducing the number of undesirable barrenberry fruit harvested with blueberries, 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CONCENTRATION 4-8 Apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand To concentrate first harvest, apply ETHREL® 

OF MATURITY Ethephon Plant Regulator at a rate of 4 to brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 'NIlen 15 to 20% 

AND EARLIER 8 pints in 150 to 200 gallons of water per of the berries are blue, To concentrate final 

FRUIT COLORING acre. Use the higher spray volume and harvest, treat after the first or second picking. 

(Cultivars Bluecrop, rate on large dense foliage bushes or Harvest blueberries at proper maturity when 

Weymouth, Jersey, when temperatures are cool. Treat when colored, generally ooe to two weeks after 

Rancocas, Rubel, air temperatures are 60 to 90° F. treatment. Observe fruit daily as the proper 

Bluetta, Erliblue, Thorough uniform spray coverage of picking period for optimum internal and external 

Wolcott, Croatan, foliage and fruit is essential for maximum quality is shorter with ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

Murphy, Angola, fruit maturation aod coloration. To aid Plant Regulator treated fruit than with untreated 

Morrow, Garden uniform wetting of plants, use a wetting fruit. High temperatures (900 F) accelerate fruit 

Blue, Trifblue and agent such as Triton B-1956 at 0.5 pint ripening. 

NC901) per 100 gallons or X-77 at 2.0 pints per ETHREL ® treatments may increase fruit with 

100 gallons. stems, slightly decrease fruit size, soluble solids 

and acidity. ETHREL® may not induce internal 

ripeninq as rapidly as fruit color. 

BLACK 4-8 Apply 4 10 8 pints per acre of ETHREL ® Use the lower rates of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

BARREN BERRY brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 100 to Plant Regulator when black barrenberries are 

CONTROL IN LOW 200 gallons of water per acre for ground between 90 to 100% petal fall and use the higher 

BUSH sprayers and 10 gallons of water per acre rates of ETHREL® when black barrenberry fruit is 

BLUEBERRIES IN for aerial application. 1/8 to 3/16 inch in diameter. This is generally 7 to 

MAINE Thorough uniform spray coverage i, 10 days after blueberries are in the same stages 

essential. To aid in uniform wetting of of development. Harvest blueberry fruit when 

plants, use a wetting agent such as X-77 ripe, generally 6 to 8 weeks after application, 

at O. 1 % of the spray volume. 

Use Limitations 

Applications to cultivars other than those l'isted above may cause excess'lve stem'lness and/or premature crops. 

Make no more than one application per season. 

If used for barrenberry control in Maine, do not make a second application for blueberry concentration of maturity or coloring. 

Do not treat blueberry plants under drought stress or excessively high temperatures as defoliation and reduced yield may reault. 

75
CANTALOUPES 

CANTALOUPES IN CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA, AND TEXAS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

abscission (slipping) of fruit allowing more efficient and economical harvesting. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CALIFORNIA, 3 Good spray coverage • The effect will be faster at higher temperatures_ Proper timing of 

ARIZONA, important roc producing ETHREL® treatment is critical, but may vary from season to 

TEXAS uniform abscission. Use 40 season. Fruit quality, in terms of soluble solids and flesh color, 

DC more gallons/acre foc does not "Improve following treatment. Therefore, ETHREL® should 

ground aod 10 DC more not be used until after fruit has developed marketable levels of 

gallons/acre foe aerial soluble solids and flesh color. ETHREL® promotes abscission of 

application. (Aerial immature fruit as well as marketable fruU. Thus, using ETHREl ® applications ace only too soon will result in poorly colored fruit with substandard soluble permitted in Texas.) solids. 

Be prepared to harvest Observe treated fields frequently and pick fruit when market quality abscised fruit 2 to 5 days is reached. Fruit allowed to remain in the field too long will lose after treatment. The exact quality. Some yellowing or rapid aging of vines will be seen pre-harvest interval will vary following treatment. Plants with low vigor will not respond properly, with temperature. Be sure Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. to coordinate your 

harvesting schedule with 

: vour packer/shipper. 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator should not be applied when night temperatures are below 60~F. 

Treat only those fruit that have a fairly uniform fruit set, have vines in good condition, and have fruit with marketable soluble solids 

and internal flesh color. Do not treat fields where soluble solids are running less than 10%. 

Do not harvest cantaloupes treated with ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 3 pints of this product (0.75 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

9 

76
CHERRIES 

Except California 

CHERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator loosens fruit and promotes early uniform ripening, and 

reduces the shaker force needed to mechanically harvest fruit. These effects are important for increasing efficiency, recoverable yields, 

maintaining fruit quality and reducing tree injury. DO NOT USE ON CHERRIES IN CALIFORNIA A fall application of ETHREL® to 

S\Neet cherries in the Pacific Northwest area increases dormant bud hardiness and delays bloom the following spring. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

TART Dilute Spray Apply a, a dilute spray with sufficient water foe 

CHERRIES 1 thorough, uniform coverage. The optimum spray 

volume will depend on tree size, planting density and 

€!quipment used. 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2/3 to 1 

SWEET Dilute Spray Apply a, a dilute spray with sufficient water for Expect a longer treatment to 

CHERRIES 3 t04 thorough uniform coverage. Actual volume will depend harvest interval with lower rates. 

(varieties such as on the type of delivery, sprayer used and size of trees. 

Windsor, Use low rates on the light or yellow-colored varieties. 

Napoleon-Royal 

Anne, Emperor 

Francis) 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require unifol1T1 coverage fOr optimum fesponse. 

2-3 

INCREASED 3 Treat in first two weeks of September. A fall application of ETHREL® will 

DORMANT increase fruit bod hardiness by 

FRUIT BUD decreasing the chance for winter 

HARDINESS iniury and delaying bloom by 3 to 5 

AND DELAYED days which may help avoid frost 

SPRING BLOOM injury. Treatment of early flowering 

(Sweet Cherries varieties may delay bloom to better 

in the Pacific coincide with pollination from other 

Northwest) varieties. 

Use Limitations 

Not for use on cherries in California. 

Apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum spray volume of 50 gallons per acre. 

Do not treat too early as this can cause early fruit drop with stems attached. 

Some gummosis of cherry tfees is associated with treatment. 

High temperatures during and after application may cause severe gummosis. 

Do not treat treeS that had severe gummosis the previous year as tree damage will result 

Do not apply to trees that are of low vigor or have experienced severe stress (such as winter iniury, drought, or disease), since 

gummosis will be excessive, particularly when high temperatures and/or drought follow treatment. 

If possible, irrigate orchards to prevent drought stress resulting in gummosis. 

Do not harvest cherries treated with ETHREL® sooner than 7 days after last application. 

At the time of application, all fruit including those inside the tree canopy, should be in stage 3 as indicated by rapid size increase and 

the presence of ground color (change from bright green to yellow background color). Treat when air temperatures are between 60 

and as"F. Do not treat when air temperatures exceed a5"F. Uniform coverage is important, concentrated sprays associated with 

erratic application can result in gummosis and tip dieback. 

Some early leaf yellowing and drop may be noted following application. 

Slight gummosis and individual fruit size reduction may result with fall application bud hardiness treatment. 

Follow'use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 4.0 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

to 

77
GRAPES 

(Only in California and Arizona) 

GRAPES (TABLE GRAPES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA): An application of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

early uniform color development on table grape varieties such as Cardinal, Emperor, Flame seedless, Red Malaga, Queen and Tokay 

allowing more efficient harvests of quality fruit. 

GRAPES (RAISIN PRODUCTION): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will hasten maturity of Thompson 

seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, increased sugars and increased raisin quality. 

Crop Situation 

TABLE GRAPES 

(such as 

Cardinal, Flame 

Seedless, Red 

Malaga, and 

Queen) 

TOKAY GRAPES 

RAISIN 

PRODUCTION 

(Thompson 

Seedless) 

Use Limitations 

Table Grapes 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

112 - 2 

1-2 

1-2 

Specific Directions 

For high temperature conditions 

(above 85Q

F) use lower rates of 

1/2 to 1 pint per acre. For low 

temperature conditions (but above 

65°F) use higher rates. Apply in 

sufficient water to wet vines and 

fruit clusters uniformly, using 

conventional ground sprayers. 

Treat when 5 - 30% of berries 

show color. 

Treat Tokays when 5 - 15% of 

berries show color. 

APply as a foliar spray at 5% berry 

softening. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

Remarks 

HalVest fruit at desired maturity and quality as indicated by 

sugar content, acidity and color. This is generally two 

weeks or more after treatment. Watch treated areas closely 

and harvest before berries become too dark. For more 

information regarding local experiences with this product on 

grapes, consult your Farm Advisor oc Extension 

Viticulturist. 

A foliar spray of ETHREL® will hasten maturity of 

Thompson Seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, 

increased sugars and increased raisin quality. For more 

infonnation regarding local experience with this product on 

I nraoes consult" vour Farm Advisor or Extension Viticulturist. 

Rates higher than t pinUA may increase the incidence of cracked fruit and should be used only in areas or during weather conditions 

where grapes have been especially hard-to-color in past seasons. 

Some berry softening is associated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator treatment of some varieties Vllhich may limit or 

influence storage considerations. 

Do not store Tokays. 

Do not harvest grapes treated with ETHREL@brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 14 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Raisin Production (Thompson Seedless) 

Do not apply to grapes under stress from insect damage or moisture stress. Observe treated vineyards closely and harvest at proper 

maturity as determined by sugar acid levels. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

11 

78
PEPPERS 

PEPPERS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, unifonn ripening and coloring for more efficient 

packing and handling of fruit 

Crop Situation 

PEPPERS 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre Specific Directions 

Thorough coverage is essential. For ground or air 

application choose equipment and spray volumes 

that will insure uniform coverage of foliage and fruit. 

Use the higher rate when cool temperatures are 

anticipated (less than 65"F), when plants are 

growing vigorously or when foliage is dense to 

assure thorough wetting of all leaves and fruit. 

Use the lower rates with lower spray volumes (1 1/4 

to 2 pint rate in 20 gallA) and higher rates with 

higher volumes (3-4 pintsl40 gallA). The 3-4 pint 

rate in less than 40 gpa may cause foliage burn 

under hot dl)! conditions. 

Apply ETHREL ® to bell peppers when 10% of fruit 

are red and chocolate and to chili and pimento 

pepper varieties when 10 to 30% of fruit are red and 

chocolate and there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce desired tonnage. ETHREL ® will not ripen 

immature, qreen fruit. 

Remarks 

Check several field locations to detennine 

crop stage and degree of maturity. 

ETHREL ® treatments may reduce total 

yields 'If applied too early or there is a lack 

of uniform, mature, green fruit resulting 

from split fruit set or variable soil cultural 

practices. Harvest fruit after desired color 

and maturity are attained, generally 14 or 

more days after treatment. 

Do not apply when prolonged average high temperatures of 95°F after treatment are expected. 

Do not treat when temperatures exceed 100°F. Applications made under high temperatures will accentuate fruit ripening, yellowing of 

foliage, defoliation and immature fruit abscission. 

Do not treat when average temperatures are below 60°F. Low temperatures after treatment may reduce or negate the effects of 

ETHREL®brand Ethephon Plant Regulator. 

Some yellowing and general aging of leaves will be noted after treatment. 

Do not harvest peppers treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 4 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

NOTE: Under certain conditions tank mixtures of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with desiccants containing sodium 

chlorate could result in the formation of hypochlorous acids which on heating will emit toxic chloride fumes. 

12 

79
PINEAPPLE AND SUGARCANE 

CROPANe RATE PER SPRAY 

USE ACRE VOLUME APPLICATION TIMING SPECIFIC COMMENTS RESTRICTIONS 

PINEAPPLE 

, , , , 

Flower Induction 2 -4 quarts f 100 to 500 'Bearing age' about 12 Proper rate will vary wilh Do not graze pineapple 

ETHREL® applied to gallA months after planting. local growing conditions, forage treated with 

pineapple plants will 

[ f 

Generally about 6 months varieties, plantation ETHREL ® Do no! harvest 

stimulate uniform prior to desired harvest management practices pineapples treated with 

initiation of flowering. and time of year. Use the ETHREL® sooner than 2 

higher rate where earlier days after the last 

harvest is desired. Apply application. 

when pineapple foliage is 

dey, 

Maturity 1 -4 quarts 100 to 300 When the first fruit begin U,e a broadcast spray, 

Concentration gallA to change color. thoroughly cover both 

ETHREL ® application foliage and fruit. Use the 

will stimulale uniform I highe, "te doriog pe'iod, , 

shell color of cool or cloudy weather 

development when normal ripening has 

, slowed. 

SUGARCANE i 

Flower Prevention 2 pints 7 gallA ' Just prior to flower Apply by fixed wing aircraft Do not harvest sugarcane 

ETHREL ® application minimum initiation. or helicopter using equip- treated with ETHREL® 

! will prevent or reduce ment designed to give sooner than 2 months 

flowering and pithy 

I 

uniform coverage, after the last application. 

tissue formation. i Actual biomass increase Do not graze sugarcane 

Biomass Increase will be affected by the time forage treated with 

between treatment aod ETHREL®. 

ETHREL ® used to harvest 

prevent flowering can 

Consider anticipated also result in <0. 

f increased biomass , , coverable sugars as well 

accumulation and I f 

as biomass to determine 

recoverable sugar optimum harvest date. For Use in Hawaii Only. I yield. , i . , 

13 

80
TOBACCO 

(Flue-Cured Only) 

TOBACCO (FLUE.CURED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, unifonn "yellowing" of mature 

tobacco. ETHREL ® reduces curing time, allowing more efficient use of curing bam space, and increased control over harvest 

schedules. 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator increases the capacity of the curing barn by shortening the curing time and allows 

adjustments in harvest schedules. ETHREL® can be used as a directed spray to the bottom or middJe portion of the tobacco plant or as 

an over-the-top spray. ETHREL® is not intended or recommended for use on immature tobacco. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions 

DIRECTED 4 Use drop nozzles. Choose TG or DC spray tipS designed to apply 50 - 60 gpa at 35-40 psi and at 

SPRAY tractor speed of 2-3 mph. Use 2 nozzles per row; one on each side of the row dropped low 

APPLICATION enough to direct the spray to the leaves to be ripened and harvested. Thorough spray 

coverage is essential. With a directed spray, be sure to harvest all leaves with 20% or more I yellowin-g. 

OVER-THE-TOP 4-8 Treat only when leaves remaining on the stalk are mature. To ensure remaining leaves are 

APPLICATION mature, test spray several tobacco plants as described under the section "Application Timing". 

Use the lower rate in a normally mature crop when experience indicates that minimum ripening 

inducement is required. Use the higher rate when the crop is heavy and has a tendency to be 

more rank or when temperatures are lower than normal. Always test spray to determine if the 

tobacco is mature enough to respond to treatment with ETHREl®. 

Apply over-the-top ETHREl® spray as a fine mist using three nozzles (one nozzle tip over the 

center of the plant, and one on each side) to assure all leaves are covered thoroughly, similar to 

the application pattern of systemic sucker control a!."lents. Use a spray pressure of 40 to 60 psi. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Do not apply ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to immature leaves as this can result in unsatisfactory coloring, weight 

loss and reduced leaf quality. 

Do not allow the crop to over ripen in the field after using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator, since this may cause some 

reduction in yield and quality. 

Do not treat before antiCipated major storm which could prevent harvest and result in crop loss. 

Do not apply ETHREl® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator if rain is expected within 6 hours. 

Do not harvest tobacco treated with ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

APPLICATION TIMING 

Successful results with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator cal! for treatment when leaves are mature, not overly rank green 

when sprayed. To easily determine the proper treatment timing and the number of leaves per stalk ready for harvest, test spray several 

plants in more than one location in each field and observe the response. Mature leaves will begin to yellow in 24 to 72 hours. Test 

leaves that fail to yellow in 72 hours are not mature and are not ready for ETHREL lID treatment. Wait a few days to permit further natural 

maturing, then make another test spray or "maturity" check. 

Determine acres to treat by first confirming the number of leaves per plant that will color, then use barn capacity to calculate the number 

of acres to treat. 

A test spray can be prepared by mixing 4 teaspoons of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 1 quart of water. Apply about 1 

ounce to each test plant covering all leaves with a fine mist. ETHREl ® will not color immature leaves. 

To avoid quality loss and/or possible leaf drop, harvest any yellowed leaves pr"lor to application. Use lower rates under most conditions. 

Limit use of higher rates to cool (below 65c

F at the time of treatment) slow ripening conditions. 

WHEN TO HARVEST 

All mature, sprayed leaves will begin to color within 24 to 72 hours after ETHREL® application. The yellowing process is weather 

dependent; cool weather will delay, while hot, sunny weather can speed up the process. Harvest treated tobacco when leaves have 

reached the desired color intensity. 

14 

81
WALNUTS 

WALNUTS IN CALIFORNIA: A foliar spray of ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will loosen walnuts for increased efficiency of 

mechanical halVest, promote earlier halV8st, improve hull removal, and increase recoverable yields from a once-over harvest. 

Crop ETHREL® Specific Directions Situation Pints/Acre 

Expect best results with spray concentrations of 

California 3-5 300 to 900 ppm. Refer to spray ETHREL® 

preparation chart below. Under low 

temperatures and/or low humidity conditions 

use the higher label rates. Expect less time 

between application and harvest with higher 

label rates. 

For best results treat when air temperatures are 

between 60 Q

F aod 95°F. Expect reduced 

effectiveness if above 90°F with low humidity 

due to spray evaporation. 

Thorough uniform coverage of walnut hulls is 

essential foe maximum hull split aod 00' loosening response. Choose equipment that 

provides maximum spray penetration of the 

entire tree canopy. Ure large air carrier 

sprayers where tree size jeopardizes coverage. 

Or volute sprayer attachments may help. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Treatment prior to packing tissue brown (mature) stage may reduce nut quality. 

Some leaf drop is associated with treatment. 

Remarks 

Walnuts are mature when the packing tissue 

between kernel halves completes browning. 

Collect nut samples from throughout the tree 

canopy when determining percent nut maturity. 

Advancing HalVes! - Apply when 95-100% of the 

nuts have reached maturity. Inspect frequently 

aod halVest a, soon a, adequate hullability 

occurs generally 10-16 days after treatment 

depending on variety and weather conditions. 

Plan second shake 10-12 days after first shake. 

Once Over HalVest - Variety, grOwing conditions 

and weather affect maturity and the opportunity 

for once over halVes!. Contact a local fieldman or 

Farm Advisor to determine if once over halVest 

oao be expected '0 your situation. Apply '0 mature walnuts 10 days prior to expected halVest 

date. Expect actual harvest to range from 7-12 

days after treatment. 

Do not treat diseased, low vigor or moisture stressed trees as excessive leaf drop may occur. 

Assure that dosage rates are measured accurately since rates higher than recommended may result in tree injury (such as 

excessive defoliation, reduced catkin formation and twig dieback). 

Do not halVest walnuts treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 5 pints of this product (1.25Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

ETHREL® SPRAY PREPARATION CHART 

SQray y-olume (gallonsfacre) 

ETHREL® Rate 100 200 300 400 

Pints/A Lbs/A Concentration (ppm) 

3 0.75 900 450 300 

4 1.00 - 600 400 300 

5 1.25 -- 750 500 375 

500 

---

---

300 

17 

82
MISTLETOE REMOVAL 

DWARF AND LEAFY MISTLETOE REMOVAL: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will remove dwarf 

mistletoe shoots in ornamental conifers and leafy mistletoe from ornamental deciduous trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount 

DWARF 2 pints 

MISTLETOE ON pee 

ORNAMENTAL 20 gallons 

CONIFERS 

DOUGLAS FIR 1 pint 

ORNAMENTALS pee 

20 gallons 

LEAFY 2 quarts 

MISTLETOE pee 

ON 20 gallons 

ORNAMENTAL 

DECIDUOUS 

TREES 

Specific Directions Remarks 

Apply as a foliar spray to dwarf Applications made in conjunction with sylviculluraI 

mistletoe shoots before mistletoe mistletoe management will prevent spread of the 

seed dispersal. Foe effective mistletoe parasite to other parts of the tree and 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must other trees. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a non- Mature needle drop, that normally occurs in the 

ionic surfactant at recommended fall, may be hastened by the use of ETHREL ®. rates may increase effectiveness, 

Treat any m'lstietoe regrowth before Applications of higher rates on Douglas fir may 

seed dispersal. result in excessive needle drop. 

Make applications after fall leaf drop Large mistletoe infections and mistletoe found in 

through mid-winter. Foe effective mesquite may be difficult to control 'Nith a single 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must application and retreatment may be necessal)'. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a nonionic surfactant at recommended 

rates may increase effectiveness. 

Any mistletoe regrowth should be 

treated during the labeled 

application window. 

FRUIT ELIMINATION 

(Ornamental Use Only) 

UNDESIRABLE FRUIT ELIMINATION: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will reduce or eliminate 

undesirable fruit development on apple, crabapple, carob and olive trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount Specific Directions Remarks 

APPLES 8 to 12 ounces Apply as a foliar spray at the flower Application must be made before fruit set for best 

CRABAPPLES pee bud to full bloom stage, prior to fruit results. 

set. Wet foliage thoroughly. Over Do not treat weak trees or trees under stress 20 gallons application of ETHREL® Plant (drought, insect or disease damaged trees) as 

Do not exceed 12 Regulator can result in excessive excessive leaf drop or twig drop can result. 

ounces (0.15 oz. leaf drop andlor tree defonation, 

ai/gallon) per Use higher rates when Some leaf drop or temporary leaf yellowing may 

application. temperatures are cool. occur after treatment. 

CAROB 6 ounces Apply as a foliar spray. Wet all Do not use on small ce' fruited varieties of 

(Cera{onia si/iqua) pee foliage thoroughly. Amount of spray crabapple as fruit elimination will 'ot be 

20 Qallons 

will depend on tree size. satisfactol)'. 

OLIVE' 12 ounces 

(Olea europaea) pee 

20 Qallons 

"This recommendation is not intended to be used on commercial fruit production as a thinning agent. 

18 

83
TURF 

An application of Ethrel slows the growth of turfgrasses thus reducing the required frequency of mowing and the volume of clippings 

collected. 

SITES RATE APPLICATION SPRAY VOLUME 

Fairways, Roughs & Commercial 6 fl ozi 1,000 sq ft Apply to actively growing turf. It will 0.5-4.0 9als/1,000 sq ft 

Turfgrasses, including Bentgrass require 7-10 days for ETHREL® to 

(Fairway cut), Kentucky act Reapplication intervals: 

Bluegrass, Perennial Ryegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass-7 wks. 

Tall & Fine Fescue Perennial Ryegrass-7 wks. 

TalifFine Fescue-4 wks. 

BentQrass-4 wks. 

Use Limitations: 

Do not allow entry to treated areas unfll sprays have dried. 

For best results, apply with sprayer in sufficient volume of water to provide uniform coverage. ETHREL® is foliarly absorbed. 

Apply only to actively growing turf, under favorable growing conditions, that is not going into a dormancy period. Do not treat turfgrass 

with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Do not apply to golf course greens. 

Use of spreadersfstickers with ETHREL® is not necessary. 

ETHREL® is an acidic product and prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastics, certain paints and metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure 

to spray deposits. 

Test tankmixes with other products on a small area before using widely. 

19 

84
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE 

Read the entire Directions for Use, Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of liability before using this product. If terms 

are not acceptable. return the unopened product container at once. 

By using this product, user or buyer accepts the following Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of Liability. 

CONDITIONS: The directions for use of this product are believed to be adequate and must be followed carefully. However, it is 

impossible to eliminate all risks associated with the use of this product. Crop injury. ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences 

may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which 

are beyond the control of Bayer CropScience LP. All such risks shall be assumed by the user or buyer. 

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP MAKES 

NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 

OR OTHERWISE, THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE STATEMENTS MADE ON THIS LABEL No agent of Bayer CropScience LP is 

authorized to make any warranties beyond those contained herein or to modify the warranties contained herein. TO THE EXTENT 

CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FOR SPECIAL, 

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT. 

LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE 

USER OR BUYER FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS 

PRODUCT, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, SHALL NOT 

EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, OR AT BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP'S ELECTION, THE REPLACEMENT OF PRODUCT. 

NET CONTENTS: 

ETHREL is a registered trademark of Bayer. 

Produced for 

~b Bayer CropScience 

Bayer CropScience 

P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (Pending) 01/20/10, Resubmitted 06/02/10 

20 

85
, D: Cfos~a;' 

: D: CfostJd, 319050; 264-267;676;PmrilJct 

D' Pending; 33583; 264-267;305;DATA RE'O(, 

D: Pending; 33'532; 2G4-267;350;GEN£RAL 

. D: Closed; 33581; 264-2$7;300;[4BEL REI/f~ 

D: Cfosed; 33:)80; 264'2.7;3,,,,':ABELRE'VI"~' 

D: GfosM; 33579,' 264-261,'300;LA8EL REI/i~ 

. D: Cfosed,' 33578; 264-267;320;Dl1 TA REQU. 

.; D: Cfos<:d; 335?i; 264-267;300;LABEf... REI//~ 

, D: Clo$ed; 33:)76,' 264-267,30i);lABEL REI/I! 

D: Clos<t'd,' 33:)75,' 264-26i;300;LAB£!.. F?EI/I~ 

; D: Closed; 33574, 264-267,300;[48EL REI/f~ 

~ D: Closed; 33573; 264-267;466,-AilfENDMEN 

D: Pending; 33572; 264-267,'320;DA TA REO( 

.; 0: Cfos<t'd; 33571; 264-267;300;LABEL REVK 

- D: CfostJd,- 33570; 264-267,30'5;DATA REOU. 

':!(;c" -.,,/ll>. { .~ ,:,""{ 

"> 1'::: +h.pp k.v VI 

"/ FClS-t-Tf'c~ o1/tV\~VV\.~ -I-n ~ j::>,' vee:. "'f f' k cvt-ccf 

S~?'1/f' Ce/iN\, e. , 

:> ts 0 i'h. C'- ('-f> F S c71/'Oe.. cJ,f' e~ 'f 0 Inc l' 0. e: 2. b L[ - 2. 6 7 loJo eJI , 

? L<"1-S I' C''Vc-c'e.rleJ '1.6 '-i - 26 7 \ otbJ (S- ~" ;, 

'6! 7 / 2000 '2 IV 0) : +--"- "'-,. e. 'f'~ ,s "h'O-;i-,' 0 V1 I ~ eJ 

oLvte..J' 3/ b /200 I - (p ,-t vvi-eet-' =~ oVtt o'-'CJc eet \, 

;> Lcu:-t Otc:,<>e;pt-eJ hG'i- 2,57 l"",be) is II It iS/2001.... 

(f' I('- l' veted: o~ oVt ( ~ ~ ') 

86
Fungicide Branch Assignment Sheet 

1

. (J~Jb / Date De Ivered te'PM ,? h / j 12 -7.( d-"-,,,+''&+in-f:cit\Zkj) jf-W~ 

Mary Waller 

PM21 

Shaja Joyner 

PM20 

~ ,0., u~ otl- - ~M'" dJ;;J:;;' 

Sk-wIanagers / 

J/JI/ J6 " h, 

, 

Tamue John Lisa Bryant 

Tawanda Tracy Rose Janet 

Summer Shaunta Bob 

Comments to Summer To h /V"; .3 DO 

Comments to Risk Manager _____________ _ 

Date to Summer }-,j:z .:;--k ?"'> 

(date & initial) 

Date to Risk Manager (d,te stamp & miti,l "'''' below) 

87
Bayer 

January 27, 2010 

Document Processing Desk (AMEND) 

Office of Pesticide Programs (7504P) 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

Room SR4900, One Potomac Yard 

2777 South Crystal Drive 

Arlington, VA 22202-4501 

Attn: Mr. Tony Kish (PM 22) 

Subject: ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (EPA Reg. No. 264-267) 

Amendment to add pineapple and sugarcane 

Dear Mr. Kish: 

Bayer CropScience is submitting an amended ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (EPA 

Reg. No. 264-267) label with the addition of pineapple and sugarcane uses which are already 

approved for ElliREL brand Ethephon Plant Growth Regulator For pineapple and Sugarcane 

(EPA Reg. No. 264-257). These two are similar formulations except for the concentration of the 

active ingredient, ethephon. EPA Reg. No. 264~257 contains 4 pounds ethephonlgallon, 

whereas, EPA Reg. No. 264-267 contains 2 pOWlds ethepbonfgallon. Appropriate rate 

adj ustments are made to keep the maximum use rate for both pineapple and sugarcane crops 

unchanged on the 264-267 label. 

All the previously approved crops on EPA Reg. No. 264-267 label are arranged in alphabetical 

order for ease of use. 

The following documents are attached with this submission: 

1. ~ication for Pesticide (EPA Form 8570-1) 

2. copies of the amended ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator label with the fIrst 

copy showing the changes highligbted 

3. One copy of the ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Growth Regulator For pineapple and 

Sugarcane (EPA Reg. No. 264-257) label for easy reference 

If you should have any questions or need further information, please contact me at 

(919) 549-2302. 

SiITlY yours, 

-~ OZ-;""C'-c 0 

Prasad Rao 

Registration Manager 

e-mail: pr3sad.raoul:;bavcrcropscicncc.com 

P.O. Box 12014 2 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (919) 549~2000 

88
, 

No. "n70-oo8t "'" ,MM5 

PI __ 

."IM _,.v.n.~ , m, Fonn Approvod. I 

United States ~ Registration OPP Identifier Number 

&EPA Environmental Protection Agency ,f Amendment 

Weshington. DC 20460 Other 

Application for Pesticide - Section I 

1. CompanylProduct Number 2. EPA Product Menaoer 3. Proposed Classification 

264-267 Mr. Tony Kish o None o Restricted 

4. Compony/Product (Name) PM' 

ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 22 

5. Name and Address of Applicant (Include ZIP Coda( 6. Expedited Reveiw. In accotdance with FIFRA Section 3Ic)(3) 

Bayer CropScience (b)(n, my ptoduct is similat or identical in composition and labeling 

2 T. W. Alexander Drive to: 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 EPA Reg. No. 

o Ch.ck if this is II n8W sddress Product Name 

Section - II 

(2] Amendment - Explain bolow. U Final printed lebals in fepsonse to 

Agency letter deted 

D Resubmission in response to Agllncy letter detlld D -Me Too- Application. 

D Notification· Explain billow. D Othllr· Explain below. 

Explanation: Use additional pege(s) if necllssary. tFor sllction I end Section II.) 

Addition of already approved uses of pineapple and sugarcane uses from ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Growth Regulator For pineapple and Sugarcane 

(EPA Reg. No. 264-257}to ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (EPA Reg. No. 264--267) label. These two are similar formulations except for the 

concentration of the active ingredient, ethephon. EPA Reg. No. 264-257 contains 4 pounds ethephon/gallon, and EPA Reg. No. 264-267 contains 2 pounds 

ethephon/gallon. Appropriate rate adjustments are made to keep the maximum use rate for both pineapple and sugarcane crops unchanged on the 264-267 

label. Since these proposed label amendments do not require a review of data, no PRIA fee is required. 

Section - III 

1. Matoriaf Th;' Product Will Be Packagod In: 

Child-Resistant Peckaging Unit Packaging Water Solubla Packaging 2. Typa of Container 

~y" ~y" ~ y., [;] Mot.' 

.f No .f No 

,f Plastic 

No Glass 

* Certification must If -Yos- No. per If -Yes- No. per Papar 

Unit Packaging wgt. container Package wgt containar Other tSpecify) btl submitted , 3. Location of Net Contents Information 4. Sile(s) Rlltail Container 5. Location of Lebel Directions 

[{j Label U Containor 1 and 2.5 gallons t=::l 

6. Manner in Which Lebel is Affixed to Product ['~-'l ~:~~~e~ 0 Other 

Stond ad 

Section - IV 

1. Contact Point (Comp/MII ittlTnS dirtlctly billow for idtlnfification of individuel to b. contllctlld, if ntlctl$$lIIY, to proCI1S$ this (lJ)plication./ N __ 

TItle Telephone No. (Include Alea Code) 

Prasad Rao Registration Manager (919) 549-2302 

Certification £I. Oet(' Applicetion 

I cenify that the statements I have made on this form and afl attachments thereto are true, accurata and CtrTj::!ct?, Aecitived 

I ecknowladge that any knowlinglly falso or misleading statement may be punishable by tine or imprisorvn .. nt ~r (Stamped) both under applicable lew. 

""--

2'S;'O""~ 3. TItle 

·d ~cw Registration Manager 

- --- 4. Typed Nume 5. Dato 

Ptasad Rao January 27,2010 

" EPA Form 8570-1 IRov. 3-941 PreVIous editions are obsolete. , Whit ' , •• EPA File Copy longmal) 

89
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHiNGTON, D.C. 20460 

NoV I R 20DZ 

Prasad Rao 

A ventis CropSciencc 

2 T. W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 

Subject: 

Dear Mr. Rao, 

Ethrel® brand Ethephon Plant Growth Regulator 

EPA Registration No. 264-257 ,/' 

Your label amendment application dated August 12, 

2002 

OFFICE OF 

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES 

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES 

The amended labeling referred to above, submitted in connection with registration undel 

the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), as amended is acceptable, 

provided that you comply with the following conditions. 

I. You must make the following changes to the label: 

a, In the "IF IN EYES:" subsection ofthe "FIRST AID" section, in the second statement 

add "eye" after "then continue rinsing". 

b. in the first sentence in the "I'ERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)" section. 

add "made of any waterproof material" after "chemical resistant gloves". 

e. III the first scntence in the seeond-to~last paragraph in the "AGRICULTURAL USE 

REQUIREMENTS" section, change "chemical resistant gloves such as any waterproof gloves" to 

"chemical resistant gloves made of any watelvroof material, such as nitrile, butyl, neoprene, or 

barrier laminate". 

2. Submit one copy ofyotn' final printed labeling before you release the product for shipmcnt. 

If thcse conditions arc not complied with, the registration may be subject to canccllation 

in accordance with FIFRA section 6(e). Your release for shipment of the product bcaring the 

amended labeling constitutes acceptance of these conditions. 

90
.' 

If you have any questions ahout this letter, please contact John Bazuin at (703 )305-7381. 

Sincerely yours, 

(5/ 

Cynthia L. Giles-Parker 

Product l1anager (22) 

Fungicide Branch 

Registration Division (7S0SC) 

Altaclnnent: Label stamped "ACCEPTED with COl1l1ENTS" 

91
• ETHREL brand Ethephon Plant Growth Regulator 

For Pineapple and Sugarcane 

FOR COMMERCfAl OR AGRICULTURAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR RESIDENTIAL USE 

For Flower induction and Maturity Concentration in Pineapple 

For Flower Prevention and Biomass Increase In Sugarcane (Hawaii Only) 

ArriVE INGREDIENT: 

Ethephon ((2-chloroethyl) phospltonic addJ* ..................................................................................................................................... 39.9% 

INERT J NGREOIENTS: ........................................................................... , .................................. ,.'''' .... " ................................................... 60. t% 

*This product (ontains4 pounds ethephon per gallon. 

EPA Reg. No. 264-257 EPA Est. No. 264-PA-Ol 

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

DANGER PELIGRO 

si usled no enliende Iii etiqucta. busque it algu;en para que 5e la explique it usted en delalle. 

(If you do not understand the label. find someone to explain it to you in detail.) 

For MEDJCAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ~ call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577 

For PRQDUa!!.Sf Information call1·888·AVENTIS (1-888-283-6B47) 

The use oj this product lor a variety 01 plant growth regulation usc\ is (overed by United Stales and foreign palents including 

U.S. Palent '1,240,8t9. No license is granted to use this product in countries other tllan tile United States or for any use not contemplated by Illis label. 

liability for palent iniringement may result from use or sale of this product outside the United Stales. 

FIRST AID 

If IN EYES: • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gentlywltb water for 15·20 minutes. 

• Remove contact lenses, If present, after the first 5 mir1Ut~, then continue rinsing. 

• call a polson control center or doctor fortleatment advice. 

tF SWALLOWED: • Immediately call a poi SOil control center or d'pctorfor treatment advice. 

• Do lIot induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

• lIave person sip a glass of water jf able to swallow. 

• Do not Rive anything by'mouth to an unconsdous person. --

IF ON SKIN OR • Take off contaminated clothing. 

(LonIlNG: • Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water f(,lr 15·20 minutes. 

• call a DOison control center or dDctor for treatment advice. 

For MEDICAL Em~rgencies CaU24 li'qurs: A Qav 1-800-334-7577. 

Have the (!:roduct container or label wlth you when OlUinS a polson control center or doctor or soinS for tleatment. 

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN; Treat5)'f1lptomatiOllly. Consideration should be giVen to the possibility that overexposure to materials other than thi~ 

I uroduct meW have occurred. No specific antidote is available. Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of s<astric lavaRe, 

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

DANGER 

HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage and skin irritation. 

clothing. 

Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through the skin. 1"10 nnt get in eyes, on skin, or on . . . . 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPEj 

Applicators and other h~ndlers must wear long·sleeved sllirts alld long pants, dlemical resistant gloves (such as Nitrile, Butyl, Neop'I'''': ~nd/OJ Barrier 

Laminate), shoes I1ll1s socks and protective eyewear. 

92
when Ilamtlers use closed syslems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner Ihat meels the requirements listed in the Worker Prolection Slandarsl (WPS) 

for agricullural pesticides [40 CFR 170.240 (d) (H)], the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modilied as spedfied In the WPS. -

Discard clothing and other absorbent materrals Ihat have been drenched or heavtly conlaminated with this products concenlrate. 00 not reuse them. 

f'(lilow mauulaclurer's instructions lor cleaning/maintaining PPE. II no such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash 

PPE separately from olher laundry. 

User Safely Recommendations 

Users SllOUld wash Irands beloreealing, drinking, cllewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 

Users should remove clolhing immediately il pesticide gets inside. Then wash body thoroughly and put on clean clolhlng. 

Users shold remove PPE immedialely aller handling Uris product. As won as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clolhing. Wash !he 

outside ~i;loves belore removinit.-

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas wlrere surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high waler mark. Do not contaminale 

water when disposing of equipment washwalers. Do not conlaminate water used for irrigalion or domestic purposes. 

SPRAY DRIFT 

Avoid spray drift. 00 not apply when weather conditions may cause drift. Do not allow this product to drift on to non·targel areas. Drift may result in 

illegal residues or injury to adjacent crops and vegelation. in the lorm of leal yellowing and deloHation. To avoid spray drift, DO NOT apply aerially 

when wind speed rsgrealer than 10 mrfl or during periods 01 temperalure inversions. Use 01 larger droplel size will also reduce spray drift. 

WOIOING SPRAY DRIFf AT THE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY DFTHE APPLICATOR. 

,he interaction 01 many cquipment-and·weather·related laclors determine the potenlial for spray drift The applicator is responsible lor considering 

all these faclors when making decisions. 

The following drilt management requirements must be lollowed 10 avoid off-target movement Irom aerial applications to agricultural lield crops. 

These requirements do nol apply to foreslry applications, public health uses or t~pplications using dry formulations. 

I. TIle distance 01 the outer mosl noules on Ihe boom musl not exceed 3/4 the length ollhe wingspan or rOlor. 

2. NOlZler must always point backward parallel wilh the air stream and never be pointed downwards more than 45 degrees. 

Where slates have more stringent regulalions, Ihey should be observed. 

The applicator should be lamiliar wilh and take into accounl the information covered in the Aerial Drilt Reduction Advisory below: 

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY 

[This section isadvisory in nalure and does not supersede the mandalory label requirements]. 

INFORMAYION ON DROPLET SIZE 

The mosl eilective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplels. The besl drill management strategy is to apply tile largest droplet$ that 

provide suflicient coverage and conlrol. Applying larger droplets reduces drilt potential, but will not prevent drift if applications are made improperly. 

or under unlavorable environmental conditions (See Wind, Temperature and Humidity, and Temperature Inversions). 

CONTROLLING DROPLfT SIZE 

olume - Use high flow rate nozzles 10 apply Ihe higllest practical SlJray volume. Nozzles with Iligher rated flows produce larger drop leis. 

Pressure· Do not exceed Ihe nozzle manufacturer's recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger droplets. Wilen 

higher flow rates are needed. use higher flow rate nozzles inslead of increaSing pressure. 

Number of nozzles· Use the minimum number 01 nozzles drat provide uniform coverage. 

Nozzle Orientation· Orienting nozzles so Ural the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other orientarions and is the 

recommended practice. Signrlicant deflection from Irorizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drllt poteutiaL 

Noale Type· Use a nOl'.7.lc type Ihal is designed lor lile intended application. With most noale types, narrower spray angles produce larger drorlets. 

Consider using low·drilt l\Oules. Solid stream noale$ oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowesl drift. 

BOOM LENGTH 

For some use II~tlerns. reducing the elleclive boom le"glh to less thau 3/4 01 the wingspan or rotor length may IUrt/ler reduce !hilt wiUwut reducing 

swaUI width. 

APPlICA nON HEIGHT , 

Allplications should nol bemadeal a heigllt grealer Ulan 10 leel above the top 01 tile target ~ants unless a grealer lreighl b requir~d lor aircraft foiIlely. 

Making applications al the lo\vest heighl thai IS sale reduces exposure 01 droplets to evaporation and wind. • • . .' . 

SWATH ADJUSTMENT 

Wilen applications are made Wftll a crosswind, the swatll will be displaced downwind. Tllerelore, on Ille rip ano' dl"wnr'ind edges' olille lield. the 

,lpplicator should comr,ensale lor Ihis displacemeut by adjusling Ihe palh of Ihe aircraft upwind. Swath adjustm~'lt <ji$.ance should increase. willI 

increasing drilt potential (higher wind, smaller drops. etc.). 

93
WIND . Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds oil - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet sile and equipment type determine drift 

pOlential at any given speed. Application should be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind dirertion and high inversion potential. ~OTE: local 

terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and how they affect spray drift. 

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 

When maldng applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet evaporation 

is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry. 

TEMPERATURE INV£RSION5 

Applications should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potential is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air mixing, which 

causes small suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due to the light variable winds 

common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperatures with altitude and arc common on nights with limited 

cloud cover and light to no wirkl. They besin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the morning. Their prtsence can be indicated by ground 

log; however, if fog is not present, inversions can also be identilied by the movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. 

Sm[)ke that layers and moves laterally in a concentlated cloud (under low wind condilions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves UpWard and 

rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical air miKing. 

SENSITIVE AREAS 

The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drill to adiacent sensitive artas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, known habitat lor 

tlueatened or endangered species, non·target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive areas). 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

II h a violation of Federal Law to use this product In a manner Inconststenl with III labeling. 

D[) not apply thh product In a way that will contact workers or other persons. either directly or through drift. only protected handlers may 

be In the area during application. For any requirements specific to your 5tale or Tribe. consult the agenty responsible for pe5tldde 

regulations. 

Read entire label before usln, this product, . , 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

USC this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 (FR part 170. This standard contains requirements 

lor the protection 01 agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handleri of agricultural pesticides. II contains 

requirements for tmining, de<Ontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. II also contains specific instructions and exceptions pertaining to 

tbe statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPj:), notification to workers and restricted·entry intervals. The requirements in this 

box Oldy apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker Protection Standud. 

00 not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted·entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. The REI is 72 hours in areas where average 

rainfall is less than 2S inrhes per year. 

prE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Prote<tion Standard and that involves contact .....-ith anything that has 

been treated such as plants, soil or water is coveralls OVei long-sleeved shirt and long pants. chemical resistanl gloves such as any waterprool gloves, 

chemical resistant footwear pillS socks, and protective cyewear. ror overhead exposure, chemical·resistant headgear is also required. 

~otily workers 01 the application by warnin~ them orally and nostinR warniml. siRns at entrances to treated areas. 

,MPORTANT 

Do not use this product lor purposes other than those listed on the label. 00 not eKceed the rate of ETHREL- brand Ethephon per acre per year 

recommended on this label. 

Do not apply ETHREL- brand £thephon through any type 01 irrisation system. 

ACCEPTED wi'" COMMENTS 

In EPA Loltor Dated. 

. NOV I 8 alU2 

Under she Faderal rJllfleUcl~e,. 

Funaicldc, ud ROOOlllkide AeIJ 

M Ilmllnded, for Ihft pelU(tdc. ; 

hIls!.lf:red WIder EPA Reg. No. • .. . . . . . . • 

. . --. 

.. . . . " .. • 

. . 

. 

94
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

STORAGE 

00 not contaminate waler, 'Dod, or leed by storage or disposal. 

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL 

Pesticide waSles are hazardous. 00 not contaminate water, food. or feed by storage or disposal. Improper djspo~1 of excess pesticide. spray miJ.;ture, 

or rinsate is a violation 01 Federal law. II thest! wastes tannot be disposed 01 by use according to label instructions. (ontact your State '>esticide or 

Environmental Control Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. 

CONTAINER DISPOSAL 

Triple rinse (or equivalent), Then offer lor recycling or reconditioning, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landlill. by rncineration or if allowt!d by 

slate and local authorities. by open burning. II burned. stay out of smoke, 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

When fTHREl a brand fthephon Plant Growth Regulator lor Pineapple and Sugarcane is applied to plants. the product decomposes within the plant 

tissue to release ethylene, a naturally occurring plant hormone. 

PINEAPPLE flOWER fNDUCTION 

Applicationof ETHREt.' brand Ethephon will induce uniform flower initiation of pineapple plants. 

PINEAPPLE MATURfTY CONCENTRATfON 

pplication of ETHRELfI brand Ethepllon will stimulate uniform shell color of pineapple fruit. 

SUGARCANE flOWER PREVENTION 

A foliar spray of ETHREl· brand Ethephon will reduce or prevent flowering of sugarcane. 

SUGARCANE BIOMASS INCREASE 

fTHREl· brand Ethephon application to prevent flowering can result in increased"bromass accumulation and increased re<overabie sugars. 

For recommendations on rates, spray volumes, and spray equipment under varying temperature and rainfall conditions consult your Extension 

sperialisl, AvenHs CropScienc:e Representative or larm agronomist for his experierl(c with this product in your area. 

SPRAY PREPARATION 

Add tl2 to 3/4 of the required amount of water to the spray tank. Start agitation. Add the required ilmOllnt of ETHREl· brand Ethephon. and the 

remaining amount of water. Prepare only as much spray solution as can be u~ on the day of mixins. US(! 01 previous day's spray mix may result in 

reduced activi!y. 

Do not spill the cOflcentrated product on spray equipment. or any airplane parts. ANY SPillS SHOUt.D BE IMMEDIATELY RINSED Wmt Plt.;NlY Of WATER 

AS ETHREl· brand Ethephon IS CORROSIVE. Use of a nurse tank is highly recommended lor avoiding possible spills of concentrated formulation on 

spray equipment. 

EQUIPMENT CLEANtNG 

Because of the acidic nature of this product, prolonged e~posure to spray deposit will damage acrylic piastics, certain paints and metals. 

qiust> thoroughly with detergent and water all exposed acrylic plastic-type materials (e.g. aireral! windshields~ and painted surfaces within an hour 

,ter exposure to spray deposits. 

At the end of each day, rinse thoroughly with detergent and water all metal parts of the aircraft and the associated spray equipment e~posed to the 

spray deposits. 

. , . 

95
(ROPAND RATE PER SPRAY 

USE "R' VOLUME APPLICATION TIMING 

PINEAPPLE 

Flower Induction lto 2 quarts 100 10 500 'Bearing age' about 12 

fTHREl-applied to gal/A months after planting, 

pineapple plants will Generally about 6 months 

stimulate UnifOlffl prior to desired ha rvest. 

initiation of flowering. 

Maturity Concentration 1/1101 10Dto 300 When the first fruit begin to 

ETUREl· application will quarts gallA chllngecolor. 

Slimulate uniform shell 

color development 

SUGARCANE 

Flower Prevention 1 pint 7 gallA Just prior to flower initiation. 

THREl- application will minimum 

prevent or reduce 

Ilowelingaod pithy 

tissue formation. 

Biomass Increase - ETHREL· USed to prevent 

lIoweling can also result 

in increased biomass 

accumutation and 

lC{ovcrable sugar yield. 

7 ~ ~. 

-

- SPECIFIC COMMENTS RESTRICTIONS 

Proper rate will vary with 00 not graze pineapple 

local growing conditions. forage treated with ETHRElvarieties, plantation Do not halVesl pineapples 

management practices "d treated with ETHREl- sooner time of year. Use the higher than 2 days. allel the last 

ralc where earlier harvest is application. desired. Apply when 

pinel!wle foliag~ is d~ 

Use a broadcast spray, 

thoroughly cover both fonage 

and fruit. Use the higher rate 

during periods of cool 

cloudy weather when normal " 

ripen{1lJ/ has slowed. 

Apply by liKed wing " Do 001 harvest sugarcane 

helicopter using equip'ment treated with ETHREl· sooner 

designed to give unifolm than 1 months after the laSl 

ooverage. application. Do not graze 

Actual biomass increase will sugarcane forage treated with 

Ire affected by the time ETHREl-. 

between treatment "d 

harvest. 

Consider anticipated recoverable sugars as well as 

biomass 10 determine 

QIltimum halVest date. 

For Use In Hawaii Only. 

. .. 

· . 

. , .. · 

• 

· ..... • 

. . 

. 

• · ... • · - . 

96
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE 

Read the entire Direclion5 for Use, conditions. Disclaimer of Warranties and limitations of liability before uSing this product. If terms are. not 

acceptable. return the unopened product container at Orlce. 

By using this product, lIscr or buyer accepts the following Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Umitationsof liability. 

CONDITIONS: The directions for use of this product .He believed to be adequate and should be followed carelully. However, it is impossible to eliminate 

all risks <l5sociated with the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences may result because of such factors as 

weather condl\ioflS, presence of other materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which are btyond the control of Aventis CropSdencc. All 

such risks shall be assumed by Ihe user or buyer. 

DISClAIMER OF WARRANTIES: AVENTIS (ROPSCIENCE MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPliED, Of MERCHANTABILITY OR OF fITNESS FOR A 

PARTICUlAR PURPOSE DR OTHERWISE. THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE STATEMENTS MAOE ON THIS LABEl. No agent of Aventis (ropScience is authorized to 

m~ke any waff3nties beyond those contained herein or to modify the warranties contained herein. AVENTIS CRDPSCIENCE DISCLAIMS ANY lIAllililY 

WHATSOEVER FOR SPEGAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAl OAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HAN DUNG OF THIS PRODUG. 

liMITATIONS OF UI\tUlITY: THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY Of THE USER OR BUYER FOR ANY AND ALL lOSSES, INJURIESOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE 

OR HANDLING Of THIS PRODUG, WHETHER IN CONTRAcr, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE. STRIG lIABIUlY OR OTHERWISE, SHAll NDT EXCEED THE 

PUROiASE PRICE PAID, OR AT AVENTlSCRDPSCIENCE'S HEatDN, THE REPlACEMENT OF PRO DUG. 

NET CONTENTS: 1 GALLON 

Aventt~ CropSdence USA LP 

P.O. BOI{ 12014, 2 T.W. Alel{ander DrIve 

Research Triangle Park. North carolina 27709 

ETHRIl is a registered trademark of the Aventis Group. 

fTHRH· !lrand Elheptlon Plant Growth Regulator lor rineapple and Sugarcam: (PENDING) Submitted 7/17/02 

.... ' . • •• 

• •• 

• • · ..... • • .. '" ., 

" . .. . 

• 

...... 

• 

• 

• 

97
,., 

...., For use on Apples, Blackberries, Blueberries, Cantalg.u 5, Cherries, Grapes, Peppers, 

Pineapple, Sugarcane, Tobacco, Tomatoes, Walnuts, anef"""for the removal of Dwarf Mistletoe in 

Ornamental Conifers and Leafy Mistletoe in Ornamental Deciduous Trees and for the 

elimination of undesirable fruit on Apple, Crabapple, Carob, and Olive trees. 

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid]* .......... ........................ ...................... . .... 21.7% 

INERT INGREDIENTS: .................................. . .......................................................................................... 78.3% 

*Contains 2 pounds ethephon per gallon. 

EPA Reg. No. 264-267 EPA Est. No. 264-PA-01 

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

DANGER PELIGRO 

Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que S8 la explique a usted en delalle. 

(If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detail.) 

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1~800~334~7577 

For PRODUCT USE Infonnation Call1~888~AVENTJS (1~888~283~6847) ~ 1:'0 vf!!..-r-).-

FIRST AID 

IF IN EYES: • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently wilh waler for 15-20 minutes. 

• Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing. 

• Call a Doison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF SWALLOWED: • Immediately call a pOison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

• Do not induce vomlting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

• Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. 

• Do not give anythinQ by mouth to an unconscious person. 

IFON SKIN OR • Take off contaminated clothing. 

CLOTHING: 

• Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. 

• Call a pOison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF INHALED: • Move person to fresh air. 

• If person is not breathing. call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration. preferably mouth-tomouth if possible. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. 

For MEDICAL Emergencies Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577. 

Have the product container or label with you when callina a poison control center or doctor or aoinq for treatment. 

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastriC lavage. No specific antidote is available. All 

treatments should be based on observed signs and symptoms of distress in the patient. Overexposure to materials other than this 

product may have occurred. 

Victims 01 severe overexposure by inhalatlon should be kept under medical observation for up to 72 hours for delayed onset of 

pulmonary edema. In a victim of overexposure by ingestion. careful gastric lavage is required due to the possibility of stomach or 

esophageal perforation. This material is an acid. but the use of alkaline substances to neutralize it is contraindicated. 

, , . . , . , 

") , 

98
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

DANGER 

HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Wear safety goggles when handling. Harmful If swallowed or absorbed through skin. Do not 

get in eyes or on clothing. Avoid contact with skin. Do not inhale vapors as this product will irritate mucous membranes. 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

Some materials that are chemical·resistant to this product are listed below. If you want more options, follow the instructions for Category 

A on an EPA chemical-resistance selection chart 

Applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof 

material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, shoes plus socks and protective eyewear. 

When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets the reqUirements listed in the Worker Protection 

Standard for agricultural pesticides (WPS) [40 CFR 170.240 (d) (4-6)[. the handler PPE reqUirements may be reduced or modified as 

specified in the WPS. 

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this products concentrate. Do not 

reuse them. Follow manufacturer'S instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and 

hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. 

User Safety Recommendations 

Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 

Users should remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash body thoroughly and change into clean clothing. The 

contaminated clothing should be washed before reuse. 

Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean 

clothing. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. 

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water marlc Do not 

contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. 

Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may 

be in the area during application. For any requirements speCific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide 

regulations. Read entire label before using this product. 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. This standard contains 

requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural 

pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains speCific 

instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label <bout personal protective equipment (PPE), noflfication to 

workers, and restricted-entry intervals. The reqUirements in this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker 

Protection Standard. 

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. The REI is 72 hours in areas 

where average rainfall is less than 25 inches per year. 

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with 

anything that has been treated such as plants, soil or water is coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant 

gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, chemical resistant footwear plus socks, and goggles 

or face shield. For overhead exposure, chemical-resistant headgear is also required. 

Notify workers of the application by warning them orally and by posting warning signs at entrance to treated areas. 

" , , , ; ... page'Zot'2C/ 

" , , } 

, , } ) , 99

" 
PES~E STORAGE 

STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage and disposal. 

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL 

Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pestiCide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. 

If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control 

Wastes resulfmg from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste d"lsposal facility. 

Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. ( .,...£de.,.ll 

CONTAINER DISPOSAL ./ 

Rigid, Non-refillable containers sma!! enough to shake (Le., with capacities equal to or !ess than 5 gallons) ~ . 

Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse or pressure rinse container (or 

equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank 'and 

drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into 

application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat 

this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill. 

ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR 

Promotes earlier, uniform coloring of mature FLUE-CURED TOBACCO. Promotes earlier coloration and maturity of TOMATOES, 

GRAPES, APPLES, and PEPPERS. Loosens CHERRIES, WALNUTS, and APPLES for earlier, more efficient harvest. Promotes fruit 

abscission (slipping) in CANTALOUPES. Increases dormant fruit bud hardiness and delayed spring bloom of SWEET CHERRIES in the 

Pacific Northwest. Accelerates BLACKBERRY ripening and loosening. Concentrates BLUEBERRY maturity and aids in barrenberry 

control, pineapple flower induction, pineapple maturity concentration, sugar\e flower prevention and biomass increase. Removes 

dwarf mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL CONIFERS and leafy mistletoe fr ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS TREES. Eliminates 

undesirable fruit on APPLE, CRABAPPLE, CAROB, and OLIVE trees. e.o1. 

GENERAL INFORMATION ( ~ 1 

For local recommendations on rates, spray volumes (gallons of water per acre), and spray equipment under varying temperature and 

rainfall conditions consult your Extension Pomologist, HorticUltural Specialist, Bayer CropScience Representative or Farm Advisor for 

his experience with this product in your area. 

APPLICATION VOLUMES AND SPRAY COVERAGE 

Thorough spray coverage is essential to achieve maximum product effectiveness. Spray coverage is affected by choice of equipment, 

nozzle selection and spray boom setup as well as spray pressure, plant size and canopy density. For both air and ground applications, it 

is important to choose an equipment setup that will assure thorough coverage of plant canopy (foliage and fruit). The actual spray 

volume required will vary with the size and density of the plant canopy and the equipment used. In California and Arizona use a volume 

of no less than 5 gallons per acre for aerial applications. 

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 

Do not contaminate water used for irrigation or domestic purposes. 

Avoid spray drift to nearby crops as this product will cause modifications in plant growth. Plant injury or reduced yields will result. 

Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. 

~DO NOT MIX ETHREL® WiTH AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE. SUCH TANK MIXTURES MAY RESULT IN FORMATION OF TOXIC 

,}rtf FUMES. 

qJ1"\. [Add % to % of the required amount of water to the spray tank. Start agitation. Add the required amount of ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

r "1.Plant Regulator. 

Mix only the amount of spray you expect to use each day. Do not allow mixed solution to stand overnight. 

Do not use ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with additives other than recommended on this label. 

Avoid spills of concentrated product on spray equipment or airplane parts. 

IMMEDIATELY RINSE ANY SPILLS WITH PLENTY OF WATER AS ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR IS 

CORROSIVE. 

IMPORTANT: Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator through any type of irrigation system. 

Do not use this product for purposes other than those listed on the label. 

Do not exceed the rate of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator per acre per year recommended on this label. 

" " , , 

, ., , yage 3 -Cf 2') 

, , ) ) 100 , )) 
SPRAY DRIFT ~ 

Avoid spray d(lft. Do not apply when weather conditions may cause drift. Do not allow this product to drift onJo non·target areas. Drift 

may result in illegal residues or injury to adjacent crops and vegetation, in the form of leaf yellowing and defoliation. To avoid spray drift, 

DO NOT apply aerially when wind speed is greater than 10 mph or during periods of temperature inversions. Use of larger droplet size 

will also reduce spray drift. 

AVOIDING SPRAY DRIFT AT THE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATOR. 

The interaction of many equipment-and-weatheHelated factors determine the potential for spray drift. The applicator is responsible for 

considering all these factors when making decisions. 

The following drift management requirements must be followed to avoid off-target movement from ae(lal apprlcations to agricultural field 

crops. These requirements do not apply to forestry applications, public health uses or to applications using dry formulations. 

1. The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 3f4 the length of the wingspan or rotor. 

2. Nozzles must always point backward parallel with the air stream and never be pointed downwards more than 45 degrees. 

Where states have more stringent regulations, they should be observed. 

The applicator should be familiar with and take into account the information covered in the Aerial Drift Reduction AdviSory below: 

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY 

INFORMATION ON DROPLET SIZE 

The most effective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplets. The best drift management strategy is to apply the largest 

droplets that provide sufficient coverage and control. Applying larger droplets reduces drift potential, but will not prevent drift if 

appllcations are made improperly, or under unfavorable environmental conditions (See Wind, Temperature and Humidity, and 

Temperature Inversions). 

CONTROLLING DROPLET SIZE 

Volume - Use high flow rate nozzles to apply the highest practical spray volume. Nozzles with higher rated flows produce larger 

droplets. 

Pressure - Do not exceed the nozzle manufacturer's recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger 

droplets. When higher flow rates are needed, use higher flow rate nozzles instead of increasing pressure. 

Number of nozzles - Use the minimum number of nozzles that provide uniform coverage. 

Nozzle Orientation - Orienting nozzles so that the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other 

orientations and is the recommended practice. Significant deflection from horizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drift potential. 

Nozzle Type - Use a nozzle type that is designed for the intended application. With most nozzle types, narrower spray angles produce 

larger droplets. Consider using low-drift nozzles. Solid stream nozzles oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowest 

drift. 

BOOM LENGTH 

For some use patterns, reducing the effective boom length to less than 3f4 of the wingspan or rotor length may further reduce drift 

without reducing swath width. 

APPLICATION HEIGHT 

Applications should not be made at a height greater than 10 feet above the top of the target plants unless a greater height is required 

for aircraft safety. Making applications at the lowest height that is safe reduces exposure of droplets to evaporation and wind. 

SWATH ADJUSTMENT 

When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath will be displaced downwind. Therefore, on the up and downwind edges of the 

field, the applicator should compensate for this displacement by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind. Swath adjustment distance 

should increase, with increasing drift potential (higher Wind, smaller drops, etc.). 

WIND 

Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds of 2 - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet size and equipment type 

determine drift potential at any given speed. Application should be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind direction and high 

inversion potential. NOTE: Local terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and 

how they affect spray drift. 

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 

When making applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet 

evaporation is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry. 

, , " " 

, " 

';" page4D120 , " J , , 

101
TEMPERATURE !NVERS!ONS 

App!ications should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potentia! is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air 

mixing, which causes sma!! suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due 

to the fight variable winds common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperatures with altitude 

and are common on nights with limited cloud cover and fight to no wind. They begin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the 

morning. Their presence can be indicated by ground fog; however, if fog is not present, inversions can also be identified by the 

movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves !ateraUy in a concentrated 

cloud (under row wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical 

air mixing. 

SENS!T!VE AREAS 

The pesticide should only be applied when the potentia! for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, 

known habitat for threatened or endangered species, non-target crops) is minima! (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive 

areas). 

EQUIPMENT CLEANING 

Because of the acidic nature of this product, prolonged exposure to spray deposits wi!! damage acrylic plastics, certain paints, and 

metals. 

Rinse thoroughly aU exposed acrylic-plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure to 

spray deposits. 

Page 5 of 20 

102
APPLES 

APPLES: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes fruit maturity and loosens apples, making halVes! by 

hand or machine easier and more efficient. ETHREL ® applied in combination with FRUITONE@ N to control pre-harvest drop 

stimulates early development of red color and ripening without loosening fruil. Applied to young trees, ETHREL ® will suppress 

vegetative growth and promote flower bud formation. 

Crop Situation 

FRUIT LOOSENING 

f. EARLY AND 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

2. LATE 

MATURING 

VARIETIES IN 

THE EASTERN 

UNITED STATES 

(varieties 

maturing later 

than Mcintosh) 

PROMOTION OF 

UNIFORM 

RIPENING AND 

COLORING OF RED 

VARIETIES 

WITHOUT 

LOOSENING 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

2 112 

5 

Specific Directions 

Apply a foliar spray to apple trees 7 to 14 

days prior to normal anticipated halVes!. 

Use sufficient water for thorough uniform 

spray coverage. The type o~s er used 

and size of trees will ffec' ) VOlfe 

'd J:::. reqUIre , 0\ ~ T e C/ 

Observe fruit daily as the proper picking 

period is shorter with ETHREL® treated 

fruit than untreated fruit 

Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ailA per 

season. 

Apply foliar spray of ETHREl ® and a 

prehalYest drop control chemical 

registered fOr use on apples such as the 

product FRUITONE® N. Use the 

prehaIY8st drop control product according 

to label d'irections. Begin spray'lng 2 to 3 

weeks before normal halVes! period and 

about 1 to 2 weeks before desired 

halVest date. 1. EARLYOR 1-4 

MIDSEASON Apply as a normal dilute spray using 

MATURING sufficient water for thorough uniform 

VARIETIES coverage, Actual volume will depend on 

(varieties the type of delivery of sprayer used and 

maturing with size of trees. 

Mcintosh or Use the lower rate for apples intended for 

f--....::ec"'cn:ecO'---___ + _____ -i storage. 

2. LATE 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing later 

than Mcintosh) 

2-4 Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ai/A per 

season. 

Remarks 

ETHREL ® provides several beneficial responses 

on apples, Depending on rate and time of 

application ETHREL® will: promote fruit loosening, 

promote uniform ripening and coloring wlthout 

loosening, promote thinning and return bloom, and 

increase flower bud development in young trees. 

For desired response, follow specific directions. 

Treat when air temperatures are between 60° F 

and 90° F. However, application may be made at 

50° F under rising temperature conditions. If 

daytime temperatures are warm, color response 

from ETHREL® treatment will be reduced, but 

ripening and loosening effects will be accelerated. 

Cool weather may extend the intelVal between 

treatment and harvest. 

Do not allow fruit to become overripe on trees. 

Fruit intended for fresh market must be checked 

for quality and maturity. Color alone is not an 

adequate guide for fruit maturity. Use a pressure 

gauge or other suitable methods for determining 

internal maturity. Fruit. over-matured when 

halVested and stored may soften sooner than 

untreated fruit. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® to more acreage than can 

be halVested in 1 to 2 days. 

Treated fruit can be satisfactorily held in cold air 

storage provided fruit is in good condition. 

Since recommendations for chemical control of 

preharvest drop vary according to location and 

variety, follow directions on the FRUITONE® N 

label. In addition, you may consult your local 

extension Pomologist or Horticulturist for his 

recommendations. 

Page 6 of 20 

103
ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre 

THINNING AND 

RETURN BLOOM 

t. Most Varieties 1.5 - 4 

2. Difficult to Thin 3-6 

Varieties Such 

as Golden 

Delicious 

INCREASED 

FLOWER BUD 

DEVELOPMENT 

1. NON-BEARING 2-8 

TREES 

2. BEARING t12 - 3 

TREES 

Use Limitations 

APPLES 

(continued) 

Specific Directions 

Treat to to 20 days after full bloom. 

For greater thinning, this product can 

be mixed with AMID-THIN®W, 

SEVIN® brand 4F Carbaryl 

Insecticide, SEVIN® brand 80 WSP 

Carbaryllnsectic1de, SEVIN® brand 

80 S Carbaryllnseclicide or SEVIN® 

brand XLR Plus Carbaryl Insecticide 

for use on apples in accordance with 

the most restrictive of the AMIDTHIN® W, SEVIN® and ETHREL ® 

label nmitations and precautions. No 

label dosage rates should be 

exceeded. ETHREL ® cannot be 

mixed with any product containing a 

label prohibition against such mixing. 

Consult local extension 

recommendations. 

Addition of a non-ionic surfactant can 

enhance treatment effectiveness. 

Buffering spray solution to a pH of 3 

to 5 can improve performance where 

water is alkaline. 

Use a spray volume sufficient to 

cover trees thorouqhlv and uniform I 

Spray trees thoroughly and uniformly 

to the point of runoff. Use the higher 

rate on more vigorous trees. 

Treat 2 to 4 weeks after full bloom. 

To help minimize fruit thinning, delay 

application until 6 weeks after fun 

bloom and after June droD. 

Remarks 

Regulating cropping from one season to another is 

a problem. Whenever a high percent of the spurs 

and lateral buds bloom in a single season severe 

alternate bearing can develop the following year. 

To overcome this problem use ETHREL ® or a 

combination of ETHREL® plus AMID-THIN® W or 

ETHREL® plus one of the SEVIN® products listed 

under Specific Directions applied 7 to 21 days after 

full bloom. The program to use will depend on the 

amount of thinning required and the biennial bearing 

history of your orchard. 

Expect Red Delicious to show a reduction of "type" 

and fruit size particularly on trees under stress. 

Use of higher label rates may reduce fruit size. 

To increase flower bud development on non-bearing 

trees apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® 2 to 4 weeks 

after bloom. 

Treatment can result in excessive fruit thinning and 

reduced fruit size and yield reduction the year of 

usage. ETHREL® should reduce vegetative growth 

and increase flowering the following spring. Trees 

should be large enough to support a crop of apples 

before treatment to initiate flower buds. 

The use of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator can result in over thinning and reduced fruit size. 

Avoid double coverage and use on low vigor trees. 

Environmental factors can affect thinning and return bloom, it is advisable to obtain experience under your conditions by initially 

testing only a small percent of your trees each year with anyone program. 

User must consider risk of excessive fruit thinning and fruit size reduction wh~n U~g ETHREL <Ill brand Ethephon Plant Regulator on 

young trees just starting to bear. . ~ I V\ f 

Treat only vigorous trees since excessive growth reduction will result®'weak trees. 

For best results a thorough uniform spray is needed. A wetting agent may improve spray coverage. 

Do not graze or feed cover crops grown in treated apple orchards. 

Do not harvest apples treated with ETHREL <Ill brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 7 days after last application. 

Fruit size reduction may occur when used to obtain early maturity, especially if fruit is small at time of treatment. 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator applied earlier than 3 weeks before normal anticipated harvest may result in reduced 

fruit ualit and size. 

\ 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8.0 pints of this product (2.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

'C. 'I .,tvt~ 

Page 7 of 20 

104
BLACKBERRIES 

BLACKBERRIES IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will concentrate 

maturity and loosen fruit, improving harvesting efficiency while reducing cane injury from mechanical harvest. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintslAcre Specific Directions Remarks 

IN OREGON 5-8 To loosen fruit and concentrate maturity. Use ETHREL ® : 1) early in the harvest season to 

AND apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® at least 3 reduce the number of pickings or 2) treat later in 

WASHINGTON days prior to expected harvest when air the harvest season for a once-over final picking. 

(Cultivars temperatures are between 60°F and gO°F 

Chehalem and rain is not predicted within 24 hours. 

Thornless and Use sufficient volume to insure thorough 

Evergreen) and uniform wettinn of foliane and fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not spray more than can be harvested on the third day following treatment as considerable fruit may drop. 

Use only at recommended times and rates on healthy, vigorous plants, as a reduction in berry size may occur. Do not use on 

damaged or diseased plants. 

Do not harvest blackberries treated with ETHREL III brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

BLUEBERRIES 

BLUEBERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator concentrates maturity of blueberries for easier and more 

efficient harvest. A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will abort black barrenberry (Aronia me/anocarpa) flowers 

andlor fruit growing in Maine lowbush blueberry fields reducing the number of undesirable barrenberrv fruit harvested with blueberries. 

c: [ ;; 4"'" / 

ETHREL® /0, Crop Situation PlntslAcre Specific Directions Remarks 

CONCENTRATION 4-8 Apply a foliar spray of ETHR~® brand To concentrate first harvest, apply ETHREL ® 

OF MATURITY Ethephon Plant Regulator at a r te of 4 to brand Ethephon Plant Regulator when 15 to 20% 

AND EARLIER 8 pints in 150 to 200 gallons! per acre. of the berries are blue. To concentrate final 

FRUIT COLORING Use the higher spray volume and rate on harvest, treat after the first or second picking. 

(Cultivars Bluecrop, large dense foliage bushes oc when Harvest blueberries at proper maturity when 

Weymouth, Jersey, temperatures are cool. Treat when air colored, generally ooe to two weeks after 

Rancocas, Rubel, temperatures are 60 to 900 F. treatment. Observe fruit daily ., the proper 

Bluetta, Erliblue, Thorough uniform spray coverage of picking period for optimum intemal and external 

Wolcott, Croatan, foliage and fruit is essential for maximum quality is shorter with ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

Murphy, Angola, fruit maturation eod coloration. To aid Plant Regulator treated fruit than with untreated 

Morrow, Garden uniform wetting of plants, use a wetting fruit. High temperatures (900 F) accelerate fruit 

Blue, Trifblue and agent such as Triton B-1956 at 0.5 pint ripening. 

NC901) per tOO gallons or X-77 at 2.0 pints per ETHREL ® treatments may increase fruit with 

100 gallons. /]... ~) stems, slightly decrease fruit size, soluble solids /' :?;' and acidity. ETHREL ® may not induce internal 

0\ rioenina as raoidlv as fruit color. 

BLACK 4-8 APPI~/~~> 8 piots pec acce of Et"REL® Use the lower rates of ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

BARREN BERRY bran hephon Plant Regul tor in Plant Regulator when black barren berries are 

CONTROL IN LOW approximately ~1 00 to 200 gallons er acre between 90 to 100% petal fall and use the higher 

BUSH rayers and approximately 10 rates of ETHREL ® when black barrenberry fruit is 

BLUEBERRIES IN gallons per acre for aerial application. 118 to 3116 inch in diameter. This is generally 7 to 

MAINE Thorough uniform spray coverage i, 10 days after blueberries are in the same stages 

essential. To aid in uniform wetting of of development. Harvest blueberry fruit when 

plants, use a wetting agent such as X-77 ripe, generally 6 to 8 weeks after application. 

at 0.1% of the sorav 'volume, 

Use Limitations 

Applications to cultivars other than those listed above may cause excessive steminess and/or premature crops. 

Make no more than one application per season. 

If used for barren berry control in Maine, do not make a second application for blueberry concentration of maturity or cololing. 

Do not treat blueberry plants under drought stress or excessively high temperatures as defoliation and reduced yield may result. 

Page 8 of 20 

105
CANTALOUPES 

CANTALOUPES IN CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA, AND TEXAS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

abscission (slipping) of fruit allowing more efficient and economical harvesting. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CALIFORNIA, 3 Good spray coverage ;, The effect will be faster at higher temperatures. Proper timing of 

ARIZONA, important foc producing ETHREL ill treatment is critical, but may vary from season to 

TEXAS unifonn abscission. Use 40 season. Fruit quality, in terms of soluble solids and flesh color, 

oc more gallons/acre IOc does not improve following treatment. Therefore, ETHREL® should 

ground aod 10 oc more not be used until after fruit has developed marketable levels of 

gallons/acre foc aerial soluble solids and flesh color. ETHREL ® promotes abscission of 

application. (Aerial immature fruit as well as marketable fruit. Thus, using ETHREL® applications ace only too soon will result in poorly colored fruit with substandard soluble permitted in Texas.) solids. 

Be prepared to harvest Observe treated fields frequently and pick fruit when market quality abscised fruit 2 to 5 days is reached. Fruit allowed to remain in the field too long will lose after treatment. The exact quality. Some yellowing or rapid aging of vines will be seen pre-harvest interval will vary following treatment. Plants with low vigor will not respond properly. with temperature. Be sure Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. to coordinate your 

I ~~~e~ting S~~~~ule with 

our ackerlshi er. 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator should not be applied when night temperatures are below 60°F. 

Treat only those fruit that have a fairly uniform fruit set, have vines in good condition, and have fruit with marketable soluble solids 

and internal flesh color. Do not treat fields where soluble solids are running less than 10%. 

Do not harvest cantaloupes treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 3 pints of this product (0.75 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 9 of 20 

106
CHERRIES 

Except California 

CHERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Elhephon Plant Regulator loosens fruit and promotes early uniform ripening, and 

reduces the shaker force needed to mechanically harvest fruil. These effects are important for increasing efficiency, recoverable yields, 

maintaining fruit quality and reducing tree injury. DO NOT USE ON CHERRIES IN CALIFORNIA A fall application of ETHREL® to 

sweet cherries in the Pacific Northwest area increases dormant bud hardiness and delays bloom the following spring 

Crop Situation 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

TART Dilute Spray Apply ., , dilute spray with sufficient waler for 

CHERRIES 1 thorough, uniform coverage. Th. optimum spray 

volume will depend on tree size, planting density and 

enuinment used. 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2/3 to 1 

SWEET Dilute Spray Apply " a dilute spray with sufficient water foc Expect , longer treatment 10 

CHERRIES 3t04 thorough uniform coverage. Actual volume will depend harvest Interval with lower rates. 

(varieties such as on the type of delivery, sprayer used and size of trees. 

Windsor, Use low rates on the light or yellow-colored varieties. 

Napoleon-Royal 

Anne, Emperor 

Francis) 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2-3 

INCREASED 3 Treat in first two weeks of September. A fall application of ETHREL ® will 

DORMANT increase fruit bod hardiness by 

FRUIT BUD decreasing the chance for winter 

HARDINESS injury and delaying bloom by 3 to 5 

AND DELAYED days which may help avoid frost 

SPRING BLOOM injury. Treatment of early flowering 

(Sweet Cherries varieties may delay bloom to better 

in the pa~~fic coincide with pollination from other 

Northwest varieties. 

Use Limitations 

Not for use on cherries in California. 

Apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum spray volume of 50 gallons per acre. 

Do not treat too early as this can cause early fruit drop with stems attached. 

Some gummosis of cherry trees is associated with treatment. 

High temperatures during and after application may cause severe gummosis. 

Do not treat trees that had severe gummosis the previous year as tree damage will result. 

Do not apply to trees that are of low vigor or have experienced severe stress (such as winter injury, drought, or disease), since 

gummosis will be excessive, particularly when high temperatures and/or drought follow treatment. 

If possible, irrigate orchards to prevent drought stress resulting in gummosis. 

Do not harvest cherries treated with ETHREL® sooner than 7 days after last application. 

At the time of application, all fruit including those inside the tree canopy, should be in stage 3 as indicated by rapid size increase and 

the presence of ground color (change from bright green to yellow background color). Treat when air temperatures are between 60 

and 85"F. Do not treat when air temperatures exceed 8S"F. Uniform coverage is important, concentrated sprays associated with 

erratic application can result in gummosis and lip dieback. 

Some early leaf yellowing and drop may be noted following application. 

Slight gummosis and individual fruit size reduction may result with fall application bud hardiness treatment. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 4.0 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 10 of20 

107
GRAPES 

(Only in California and Arizona) 

GRAPES (TABLE GRAPES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA): An application of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

early uniform color development on table grape varieties such as Cardinal, Emperor, Flame seedless, Red Malaga, Queen and Tokay 

allowing more efficient harvests of quality fruit. 

GRAPES (RAISIN PRODUCTION): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will hasten maturity of Thompson 

seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, incr~d ~ars and increased raisin quality. 

/ 4.~~ 

Crop Situation 

TABLE GRAPES 

(such as 

Cardinal, Flame 

Seedless, Red 

Malaga, and 

Queen) 

TOKAY GRAPES 

RAISIN 

PRODUCTION 

(Thompson 

Seedless) 

Use Limitations 

Table Grapes 

ETHREL® 

PintsfAcre 

112 - 2 

1-2 

1-2 

- I Specific Directions 

~ 

~~~ For hi temperatures condition~ 

(above 859F) use lower rates of 

1f2 to 1 P-inLPef-acJ:ejF~ 

-~tures condition~ 

~bove 65°F) use~€r rates. 

Apply in sufficient water to wet 

vines and fruit clusters uniformly, 

using conventional ground 

sprayers. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

Treat Tokays when 5 - 15"/" of 

berries show color. 

Apply as a foliar spray at 5% berry 

softening. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

'\ Remarks 

H~rvest fruit at desired maturity and quality as indicated by 

[;>ugar content, acidity and color. This is generally wo 

weeks or more after treatment. Watch treated areas closely 

and harvest before berries become too dark. For more 

information regarding local experiences with this product on 

grapes, consult your Farm Advisor 0' Extension 

Viticulturist. 

A foliar spray of ETHREL® will hasten maturity of 

Thompson Seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, 

increased sugars and increased raisin quality. For more 

information regarding local experience with this product on 

! orapes consultvour Farm Advisor or Extension Viticulturist. 

Rates higher than 1 pintlA may increase the incidence of cracked fruit and should be used only in areas or during weather conditions 

where grapes have been especially hard-to-color in past seasons. 

Some berry softening is associated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator treatment of some varieties which may limit or 

influence storage considerations. 

Do not store Tokays. 

Do not harvest grapes treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 14 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Raisin Production (Thompson Seedless) 

Do not apply to grapes under stress from insect damage or moisture stress. Observe treated vineyards closely and harvest at proper 

maturity as determined by sugar acid levels. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page tt of20 

108
PEPPERS 

PEPPERS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform ripening and coloring for more efficient 

packing and handling of fruit. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PEPPERS 1 1/4 - 4 Thorough coverage is essential. For ground or air Check several field locations to determine 

application choose equipment and spray volumes crop stage aod degree of maturity. 

that will insure uniform coverage of foliage and fruil. ETHREL® treatments may reduce total 

Use the higher rate when cool temperatures are yields if applied too early or there is a lack 

anticipated (less than 65"F), when plants ace of uniform, mature, green fruit resulting 

growing vigorously or when foliage is dense to from split fruit set or variable soil cultural 

assure thorough wetting of all leaves and fruit. practices. Harvest fruit after desired color 

Use the lower rates with lower spray volumes (1 t/4 and maturity~ generally 14 or more days 

~ 

,.to 2 pint rate in 20 gallA) and higher rates with after treatmen " ' 

high~meS (3-4 pints/40 gallA). The 3-4 pint cvv- t7_ f"'c!ctc .... L.V!?tl rate 'n ess than 40 gpa may cause foliage burn .-:;\ underho '. ~~ - ~y 

Apply ETHREL ® to bell peppers when 10% of fruit 

are red and chocolate and to chili and pimento 

pepper varieties when 10 to 30% of fruit are red and 

chocolate and there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce desired tonnage. ETHREL® will not ripen 

immature:Q~een fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply when prolonged average high temperatures of 95"F after treatment are expected. 

Do not treat when temperatures exceed 100°F. Applications made under high temperatures will accentuate fruit ripening, yellowing of 

foliage, defoliation and immature fruit abscission. 

Do not treat when average temperatures are below 60°F. Low temperatures after treatment may reduce or negate the effects of 

ETHREL®brand Ethephon Plant Regulator. 

Some yellowing and general aging of leaves will be noted after treatment. 

Do not harvest peppers treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 4 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

NOTE: Under certain conditions tank mixtures of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with desiccants containing sodium 

chlorate could result in the formation of hypochlorous acids which on heating will emit toxic chloride fumes. 

Page 12 of 20 

109
PINEAPPLE AND SUGARCANE 

CROP AND RATE PER SPRAY 

USE ACRE VOLUME APPLICATION TIMING SPECIFIC COMMENTS RESTRICTIONS 

PINEAPPLE 

Flower Induction 1to:f 100 to 500 'Bearing age' about 12 Proper rate will vary with Do 001 graze pineapple 

ETHREL® applied to gallA months after planting. local growing conditions, forage treated with 

pineapple plants will . 

,-$ It "'let. ?1 /" Generally about 6 months varieties, plantation ETHREL® Do not halVes! ,~s {Vl 

stimulate uniform II 1--:257 prior to desired harvest. management practices pineapples treated with 

initiation of flowering. he.5(G and time of year. Use the ETHREL® sooner than 2 \pJ,\ higher rate where earlier days after Ihe last 

harvest is desired. Apply application. when pineapple foliage is 

d",. 

Maturity 

~ 100 to 300 When the first fruit begin Use a broadcast spray, 

Concentration lntsY galfA to change color. thoroughly cover both 'I 

ETHREL ® application foliage and fruit. Use the 

will stimulate uniform higher rate during periods 

shell color of cool or cloudy weather 

development when normal ripening has 

slowed. 

, ~-r: SUGARCANE CL ~ r-c::..-\"-,:::..u '} 

Flower Prevention 1/2 pint 7 gallA Just prior 10 flower Apply by fixed wing -or Do not halVest sugarcane 

ETHREL® application minimum initiation. hellcopter using equip- treated with ETHREL® 

will prevent or reduce ment designed 10 give sooner than 2 months 

flowering and pithy uniform coverage. after the last application. 

tissue formation_ Actual biomass increase Do not graze sugarcane 

will be affected by the time forage treated with 

Biomass Increase I between treatment aod ETHREL®. 

ETHREL® used to halVest. 

prevent flowering can , 

also result in Consider anticipated ceincreased biomass coverable sugars as well 

accumulation and as biomass to determine 

recoverable sugar optimum halVest date. For Use In Hawaii Only. 

yield. 

, 

Tl"es t'. C~I' 1 . 

~t~~\~~V\:f 

-Tt'vOS e, 0 V, 

--J----L,e A6L{-

2:'>7 1 <","be), 

Page 13 of 20 

110
TOBACCO 

(Flue-Cured Only) 

TOBACCO (FLUE-CURED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, unffonn "yellowing" of mature 

tobacco. ETHREL ® reduces curing time, allowing more efficient use of curing barn space, and increased control over harvest 

schedules. 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator increases the capacity of the curing barn by shortening the curing Ume and allows 

adjustments in harvest schedules. ETHREL ® can be used as a directed spray to the bottom or middle portion of the tobacco plant or as 

an over-the-top spray. ETHREL ® is not intended or recommended for use on immature tobacco. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintsfAcre Specific Directions 

DIRECTED 4 Use drop nozzles. Choose TG or DC spray tips designed to apply 50 - 60 gpa at 35-40 psi and at 

SPRAY tractor speed of 2-3 mph. Use 2 nozzles per row; one on each slde of the row dropped low 

APPLICATION enough to direct the spray to the leaves to be ripened and harvested. Thorough spray 

coverage is essential. With a directed spray, be sure to harvest all leaves with 20% or more 

ellowinq. 

OVER-THE-TOP 4-8 Treat only when leaves remaining on the stalk are mature. To ensure remaining leaves are 

APPLICATION mature, test spray several tobacco plants as described under the section "Application Timing". 

Use the lower rate in a normally mature crop when experience indicates that minimum ripening 

inducement is required. Use the higher rate when the crop is heavy and has a tendency to be 

more rank or when temperatures are lower than normal. Always test spray to detennine if,.th~ 

tobacco is mature enough to respond to treatment with ETHREL®. \) dote. 

Apply over-the-top ETHREL® spray as a fine mist using three nozzles (one nozzl~ ti6ver the 

center of the plant, and one on each side) to assure all leaves are covered thoroughly, similar to 

the aoolication oattern of svstemic sucker control aaents. Use a sorav oressure of 40 to 60 osi. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to immature leaves as this can result in unsatisfactory coloring, weight 

loss and reduced leaf quality. 

Do not aJlow the crop to over ripen in the field after using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator, since this may cause some 

reduction in yield and quality. 

Do not treat before antiCipated major storm which could prevent harvest and result in crop loss. 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator if rain is expected within 6 hours. 

Do not harvest tobacco treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

APPLICATION TIMING 

Successful results with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator call for treatment when leaves are mature, not overly rank green 

when sprayed. To easily determine the proper treatment timing and the number of leaves per stalk ready for harvest. test spray several 

plants in more than one location in each field and observe the response. Mature leaves will begin to yellow in 24 to 72 hours. Test 

leaves that fail to yellow in 72 hours are not mature and are not ready for ETHREL ® treatment. Wait a few days to pennit further natural 

maturing, then make another test spray or "maturity" check. 

Determine acres to treat by first confirming the number of leaves per plant that will color, then use bam capacity to calculate the number 

of acres to treat. 

A test spray can be prepared by mixing 4 teaspoons of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 1 quart of water. Apply about 1 

ounce to each test plant cove;g all leaves with a fine mist. ETHREl ® will not color immature leaves. 

To avoid quality loss and tr";;"ossible leaf drop, harvest any yellowed leaves prior to application. Use lower rates under most conditions. 

Limit use of higher rates to cool (below 65°F at the time of treatment) slow ripening conditions. 

WHEN TO HARVEST 

All mature, sprayed leaves will begin to color within 24 to 72 hours after ETHREl ® application. The yellowing process is weather 

dependent; cool weather will delay, while hot, sunny weather can speed up the process. Harvest treated tobacco when leaves have 

reached the desired color intenSity. 

Page 14 of 20 

111
Harvest can commence 48 hours after ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator application. To determine harvest timing and avoid 

quality loss or leaf drop, closely monlter treated crop and weather conditions. 

CURING ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR TREATED TOBACCO 

Curing procedures are as much an art as a science and each cure must be judged on the basis of tobacco condition, interval between 

treatment and harvest, weather and type of curing facility before prescription temperature and ventilation schedules can be established. 

To obtain maximum quality, care must be taken to observe and control the curing process closely, especially during the late "coloring" 

and early "drying" stages of the leaf. 

Ethephon treated tobacco will have started the coloring process when harvested, reducing the time required in the coloring phase of 

curing. Treated tobacco should be dried faster. lftobacco leaves are green or contain some green when harvested, it may be necessary 

to color them for a few hours. If the leaves are completely yellow, temperature and ventilation must be adjusted in a manne/to dry the 

tobacco as fast as possible without scalding. Once the leaf is dried (3/4 dry), you should follow normal procedures for cu ing. Since 

ETHREL ® treated leaves cure faster, treated and untreated leaves should not be cured together in the same barn. ...J:::""-r::-" ' '-.<;; ~ \ j ! C.-I E::...-0J\ 

TOMATOES 

TOMATOES (PROCESSED): A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates and concentrates tomato 

ripening increasing recoverable fruit yield from a once-over harvest. Plant Regulator application starts the normal ripening process 

earlier and increases the rate of ripening of mature green fruit concentrating maturity. Concentrated maturity enables high recoverable 

yields of ripe tomatoes in once-over harvest. Early concentrated maturity extends the normal harvest season and helps growers 

schedule harvest and handling more effectively. 

TOMATOES (FRESH MARKET IN CALIFORNIA): A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates tomato 

ripening increasing the early yields of marketable ripe fruit. 

Crop Situation 

PROCESS 

TOMATOES 

Early and 

Midseason Crops 

or Warm 

Conditions 

ETHREL® 

Pints{Acre 

1114-31/4 

Speciflc Directions 

Apply 1 y,. to 3 y:. pints per acre of 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant 

Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons 

per acre for ground application and a 

minimum of 10 gallons per acre for 

aerial application. Apply when 5% to 

15% of the fruit in the field are red 

and pink (including breakers) and 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce the desired tonnage. 

Under high temperatures (above 85 

F), rates as low as 1 1{4 pints/acre 

can be effective. 

Thorough coverage is essential. For 

ground or air application choose 

equipment and spray volumes that 

will assure uniform spray coverage of 

foliage and fruit. Overdosing from 

overlapping swaths or spray nozzle 

patterns can cause severe foliage 

injury. If bands are sprayed over the 

row, reduce the amount of ETHREL® 

used in proportion to the area 

actually treated. 

Observe treated fields closely and 

harvest fruit at proper maturity. 

Remarks 

Apply ETHREL ® when desired tonnage of fruit has 

reached marketable size and maturity. Check fields 

closely for stage and degree of uniform maturity prior to 

application. Sample several plants throughout the field to 

determine proper spray date. Sort, weigh and calculate 

the percent fruit which is red and pink, including breakers. 

Fruit size alone is not an adequate indicator. Observe 

specific directions to determine treabnent stage for your 

situation. Walk treated fields frequently to evaluate crop 

condition. Maintain normal cultural practice between 

treatment and harvest. Timely harvest is essential for 

maximum return of high quality fruit. Consult processor 

representatives concerning delivery schedules a!lct';\ 00\-" c 

quotas prior to application of ~ 'f e.,t t ~ V ~ \ \ .. 

Consult your local SayC CropScience "Representative, 

Extension Horticultural Specialist or Farm Advisor for 

suggestions on the proper use of ETHREL® when fields 

have variable plant vigor due to differences in soil 

conditions or cultural practices and for rates of fruit 

ripening as affected by temperature, within the rate and 

timing limitations shown on the label. 

Page 15 of20 

112
TOMATOES 

(continued) 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintsfAcre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 31/4-61/2 Apply 3 Y. to 6 14 pints per acre of ETHREL® brand Harvest at proper maturity. 

TOMATOES Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons per Temperatures above gO°F may 

Late Season or acre for ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons cause fruit to ripen sooner whereas 

Coastal Crops or per acre for aerial application. Apply when 5% to 30% of temperatures below 65° F retard 

Cool Conditions fruit in the field are red and pink (including breakers) and natural color development and may 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired extend the time between treatment 

tonnage. Maximum response is achieved when fruit to be and harvest. 

treated is 5 to 15% pink and red. Use the higher rate of 

ETHREL® when nighttime temperatures are cool (below 

65°F) or vegetative growth is dense. Thorough coverage is 

essential. For ground or air application choose equipment 

and spray volumes that will assure uniform spray coveraqe 

FRESH MARKET 1 1/4 - 5 Apply ETHREL® when desired tonnage of fruit has reached Check treated fruit frequently and 

TOMATOES marketable size and maturity, generally 3 to 6 days before harvest at desired maturity. Wheo 

California desired harvest date. Expect only one harvest from treated programming harvest, spray a 

areas. different block each day aod 

Apply t Yo to 5 pints per acre of ETHREL® brand Ethephon harvest blocks daily in the same 

Plant Regulator in a minimum of 40 gallons per acre for sequence. 

ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons per acre 

for aerial application. Thorough coverage is essential. For 

ground or air application choose equipment and spray 

volumes that will assure uniform spray coverage 

Use the higher rate and longer preharvest interval on late 

season crops, when temperatures are cool (generally below 

85°F) and foliage is dense. Under high temperatures, rates 

as low as 1 t/4 pints per acre have been effective while 

reducing foliage damage particularly on more sensitive 

varieties - see above. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply before there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired tonnage. ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

will not ripen immature green fruit. 

Some yellowing and general aging of foliage may be observed following treatment. 

Do not treat plants with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Treatment of weak plants will result in rapid loss of foliage cover increasing sunbum and sun scald potential, especially under high 

temperature conditions. 

Do not treat when sustained temperatures above 105cF are antiCipated. 

Do not treat sensitive varieties during period when temperatures exceed 100°F. Foliar damage is more severe on certain varieties 

such as VF 10, VF 315, VF 145, 21-4, and t3L. During periods of high temperatures use the lower rates on sensitive varieties. 

Do not tank mix with sun protection products, sun protection whiteners, spray adjuvants or other additives. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to more acreage than can be harvested in 2 to 3 days. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to varieties known to soften rapidly or shatter when ripe. 

Do not use on greenhouse tomatoes. 

Do not harvest tomatoes treated with Ethret® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 6.5 pints of this product (1.63Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 16 of20 

113
WALNUTS 

WALNUTS IN CALIFORNIA: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will loosen walnuts for increased efficiency of 

mechanical harvest, promote earlier harvest, improve hull removal, and increase recoverable yields from a once·over harvest. 

Crop 

Situation 

California 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

3-5 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Specific Directions 

Expect best results with spray concentrations of 

300 to 900 ppm. Refer to spray ETHREL ® 

preparation chart below. Under low 

temperatures and/or low humidity conditions 

use the higher label rates. Expect less time 

between application and harvest with higher 

label rates. 

For best results treat when air temperatures are 

between 60°F and 95°F. Expect reduced 

effectiveness if above gO°F with low humidity 

due to spray evaporation. 

Thorough uniform coverage of walnut hulls is 

essential for maximum hull split and nut 

loosening response. Choose equipment that 

provides maximum spray penetration of the 

entire tree canopy. Use large air carrier 

sprayers where tree size jeopardizes coverage. 

Or volute sprayer attachments may help. 

Treatment prior to packing tissue brown (mature) stage may reduce nut quality. 

Some leaf drop is associated with treatment. 

Remarks 

Walnuts are mature when the packing tissue 

between kernel halves completes browning. 

Collect nut samples from throughout the tree 

canopy when determining percent nut maturity. 

Advancing Harvest - Apply when 95-100% of the 

nuts have reached maturity. Inspect frequently 

and harvest as soon as adequate hullability 

occurs generally 10-16 days after treatment 

depending on variety and weather conditions. 

Plan second shake 10-12 days after first shake. 

Once Over Harvest - Variety, growing conditions 

and weather affect maturity and the opportunity 

for once over harvest. Contact a local fieldman or 

Farm Advisor to determine jf once over harvest 

can be expected in your situation. Apply to 

mature walnuts 10 days prior to expected harvest 

date. Expect actual harvest to range from 7-12 

days after treatment. 

Do not treat diseased, low vigor or moisture stressed trees as excessive lea/ drop may occur. 

Assure that dosage rates are measured accurately since rates higher than recommended may result in tree injury (such as 

excessive defoliation, reduced catkin formation and twig dieback). 

Do not harvest walnuts treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 5 pints of this product (1.25 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

ETHREL@SPRAY PREPARATION CHART 

Sgray Volume (gallons/acre) 

ETHREL® Rate 100 200 300 400 

Pints/A Lbs/A Concentration (I2I2m) 

3 0.75 900 450 300 -- 4 1.00 --- 600 400 300 

5 1.25 --- 750 500 375 

500 

---

---

300 

Page 170f20 

114
MISTLETOE REMOVAL 

DWARF AND LEAFY MISTLETOE REMOVAL: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will remove dwarf 

mistletoe shoots in ornamental conifers and leafy mistletoe from ornamental deciduous trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount 

DWARF 2 pints 

MISTLETOE ON pee 

ORNAMENTAL 20 gallons 

CONIFERS 

DOUGLAS FIR 1 pint 

ORNAMENTALS pee 

20 gallons 

LEAFY 2 quarts 

MISTLETOE pee 

ON 20 gallons 

ORNAMENTAL 

DECIDUOUS 

TREES 

Specific Directions Remarks 

Apply as a foliar spray to dwarf Applications made in conjunction with sylvicultural 

mistletoe shoots before mistletoe mistletoe management will prevent spread of the 

seed dispersal. Foe effective mistletoe parasite to other parts of the tree and 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must other trees. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a non- Mature needle drop, that normally occurs in the ionic surfactant at recommended fall, may be hastened by the use of ETHREL $. rates may increase effectiveness. 

Treat any mistletoe regrowth before Applications of higher rates on Douglas fir may 

seed dispersal. result in excessive needle drop. 

Make applications after fall leaf drop Large mistletoe infections and mistletoe found in 

through mid-winter. Foe effective mesquite may be difficult to control with a single 

removal. all mistletoe shoots must application and retreatment may be necessary. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a nonionic surfactant at recommended 

rates may increase effectiveness. 

Any mistletoe regrowth should be 

treated during the labeled 

application window. 

FRUIT ELIMINATION 

(Ornamental Use Only) 

UNDESIRABLE FRUIT ELIMINATION: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will reduce or eliminate 

undesirable frujt development on apple. crabapple, carob and olive trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount Specific Directions Remarks 

APPLES 8 to 12 ounces Apply as a foliar spray at the flower Application must be made before fruit set for best 

CRABAPPLES pee bud to full bloom stage, prior to fruit results. 

set. Wet foliage thoroughly. Over Do not treat weak trees or trees under stress 20 gallons application of ETHREL® Plant (drought. insect or disease damaged trees) as 

Do not exceed 12 Regulator can result in excessive excessive leaf drop or twig drop can result. 

ounces (0.15 oz. leaf drop and/or tree defoliation. 

Some leaf drop or temporary leaf yellowing may ai/gallon) per Use higher rates when 

application. temperatures are cool. occur after treatment. 

CAROB 6 ounces Apply as a foliar spray. Wet all Do not use 00 small red fruited varieties of 

(Cerafonia siliqua) pee foliage thoroughly. Amount of spray crabapple ., fruit elimination will oot be 

20 Qallons 

will depend on tree size. satisfactory. 

OLlVE* 12 ounces 

(Olea europaea) pee 

20 Qallons 

*This recommendation is not intended to be used on commelcial fruit production as a thinning agent. 

Page t8 of 20 

115
TURF 

An application of Ethrel slows the growth of turfgrasses thus reducing the required frequency of mowing and the volume of clippings 

collected. 

SITES RATE APPLICATION SPRAY VOLUME 

Fairways, Roughs & Commercial 6 f) 02/ 1,000 sq ft Apply to actively growing turf. It will 0.5-4.0 9als/1,OOO sq ft 

Turfgrasses, including Bentgrass require 7·10 days for ETHREL®to 

(Fairway cut), Kentucky act. Reapplication intelVals: 

Bluegrass, Perennial Ryegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass-7 wks. 

Tall & Fine Fescue Perennial Ryegrass-7 wks. 

Tall/Fine Fescue-4 wks. 

Bentgrass-4 wks. 

Use Limitations: 

Do not allow entry to treated areas until sprays have dried. 

For best results, apply with sprayer in sufficient volume of water to provide uniform coverage. ETHREL® is foliarly absorbed. 

Apply only to actively growing turf, under1avorable growing conditions, that is not going into a dormancy period. Do not treat turfgrass 

with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Do not apply to golf course greens. 

Use of spreaders/stickers with ETHREl® is not necessary. 

ETHREl® is an acidic product and prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastiCS, certain paints and metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure 

to spray deposits. 

Test tankmixes with other products on a small area before using widely. 

Page 19 of20 

116
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE 

Read the entire Directions for Use, Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of Liability before using this product. If terms 

are not acceptable, return the unopened product container at one. ::r 

By Hsj~9...1~proi~' i.!p~~el~cc{f;ts t~follo;ng t!bn s,'B£claimer of WaIT an ties a~m1t<}t~ons of Liab1!~ :Tro "$t....oc.t1 

co't:fcJmoNS? The direction~or ua o~ b~duct e b Ilev to be adequate and must be 1i5i1bw~unr"Howeve~ is 

impossible to eliminate aU risk associated with the e of thI" prod ct. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences 

may result because of such f ctors as weather c mons, pr senee f other materials, or the manner of LfS.e.-pl.§lPElicatio.F/, alLof which "; 

are beyond the control of Ba er CropScience L . An such ris s shall assumed by the user or b~yer. C-~~ ~~ 'f~~, ~ 

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES: TO THE EXTENT CON ISTENT TH APPLICABLE LAW, AYER ROPSt)ENCE MAh'f 

NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHA TABILITY OR OF FITNE A PARTICULAR P SE 

OR OTHERWISE, THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE STATEMENTS DE ON THIS LABEL. No agent of Blr CropScience LP.~ 

authorized to make any warranties beyond those contained herein 0 to modify the warranties contained he ein. TO THE EXTE T 

..,.....eoNSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY WHATS EVER FOR SPECIA[, 

(6 I~.f!.ll: TAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING ~"!!jI? ... PR D Gft-o tlAv~;-.s.cJ 

t~'/\4fh IONS OF LIABILITY: T THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, Tf:r1rmttfSIV (.(:EMEm OF THE 

USER OR BUYER FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS 

PRODUCT, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, SHALL NOT 

EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, OR AT B7ER CROPSCIENCE L~E~e:,r.~LACEMENT OF PRODUCT. 

NET CONTENTS: 

~qe.:.e fMlV\-'\ 

"AVENTI.,s-" 

~ ':! e".I. f ""'" ~ " +t,. Ii!.. 

fill ~ T is § "'" ""'" " '\ 

ETHREL is a registered trademark of Bayer. 

Pcod,ood foe - C ~ eJ. J 

q'''1 Bayer (:IOPSci('llce~ r:: ~~ J 

y ~ > ~, 'USA LP 1/ 5 e..t 'F'N' "'" "f\ ve-.,. TiS" eN) r S c-. ~c.e. 

Bay[ CropScience 

P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolin~7709 A r=: ~ TN': ® .. -1-. .... _ ~~',l\Ml:D--nn:.N& IN "Vn'" I f:,£.{ .. 0...... N ovre r~\.sl e;.-re.,,< i-r .... ot<2.W\~ks .,;:0 -th.e- fl V~ '-s G-<-,<>'4'" 11'ce\A.se.e:.e. 

ETHREL®brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (Pending) 01/20/10~ by A M VA c.... '( ote..le::re.d ~ j e.cK fN> "'" "S CAb "'" i1t e <.t 

-;2./\ 10 I I, 

Page 20 of 20 

117
® ETH REL brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

For Commercial Or Agricultural Use Only. Not For Residential Use. 

For use on Apples, Blackberries, Blueberries, Cantaloupes, Cherries, Grapes, Peppers, 

Pineapple, Sugarcane, Tobacco, Tomatoes, Walnuts, and for the removal of Dwarf Mistletoe in 

Ornamental Conifers and Leafy Mistletoe in Ornamental Deciduous Trees and for the 

elimination of undesirable fruit on Apple, Crabapple, Carob, and Olive trees. 

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid]* ................ . ,,,.,,"",, ..... 21.7% 

INERT INGREDIENTS: .............. ............. ................ . ............. . . .................. 78.3% 

*Contains 2 pounds ethephon per gallon. 

EPA Reg. No. 264·267 EPA Est. No. 264·PA·01 

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

DANGER PELIGRO 

Si usted no entlende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que S8 la explique a usted en detalie. 

(If you do not understand the label, find someone to explain it to you in detaiL) 

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1..g00~334~7577 

For PRODUCT USE Information Call1-888-AVENTIS (1-888-283-6847) 

FIRST AID 

IF IN EYES: • Hold eye open and rinse slowly and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. 

• Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF SWALLOWED: • Immediately call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

• Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

• Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. 

• Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 

IF ON SKIN OR • Take off contaminated clothing. 

CLOTHING: • Rinse skin immediately with plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. 

• Call a ooison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF INHALED: • Move person to fresh air. 

• If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-tomouth if possible. 

• Call a ooison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. 

For MEDICAL Emergencies Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577. 

Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor or going for treatment. 

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage. No specific antidote is available. All 

treatments should be based on observed signs and symptoms of distress in the patient. Overexposure to materials other than this 

product may have occurred. 

Victims of severe overexposure by inhalation should be kept under medical observation for up to 72 hours for rlelaye-d onset of 

pulmonary edema. In a victim of overexposure by ingestion, careful gastric lavage is required due to -'he opssibilily ul !:;tomach or 

esophageal perforation. This material is an acid, but the use of alkaline substances to neutralize it is cont:·ainCicr.ted. 

Page 1 of:O 

118
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

DANGER 

HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Wear safety goggles when handling. Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Do not 

get in eyes or on clothing. Avoid contact with skin. Do not inhale vapors as this product will irritate mucous membranes. 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

Some materials that are chemical-resistant to this product are listed below. If you want more options, follow the instructions for Category 

A on an EPA chemical-resistance selection chart. 

Applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof 

material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, shoes plus socks and protective eyewear. 

When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection 

Standard for agricultural pesticides (WPS) [40 CFR 170.240 (d) (4-6)J, the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as 

specified in the WPS. 

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this products concentrate. Do not 

reuse them. Follow manufacturer'S instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and 

hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. 

User Safety Recommendations 

Users should wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 

Users should remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash body thoroughly and change into clean clothing. The 

contaminated clothing should be washed before reuse. 

Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean 

clothing. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. 

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not 

contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. 

Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may 

be in the area during application. For any requirements specific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide 

regulations. Read entire label before using this product. 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. This standard contains 

requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural 

pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains specific 

instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPE), notification to 

workers, and restricted-entry intervals. The requirements in this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker 

Protection Standard. 

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. The REI is 72 hours in areas 

where average rainfall is less than 25 inches per year. 

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with 

anything that has been treated such as plants, soil or water is coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant 

gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, chemical resistant footwear plus socks, and goggles 

or face shield. For overhead exposure, chemical-resistant headgear is also required. 

Nol"Ify workers of the application by warning them orally and by posting warning signs at entrance to treated areas . 

. . 

Page '2 nf:'O 

119
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

PESTICIDE STORAGE 

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage and disposal. 

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL 

Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal law. 

If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control 

Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. 

Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. 

CONTAINER DISPOSAL 

Rigid, Non-refillable contaIners small enough to shake (i.e., with capacities equal to or less than 5 gallons) 

Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse or pressure rinse container (or 

equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and 

drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container t14 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into 

application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for to seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat 

this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill. 

ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR 

Promotes earlier, uniform coloring of mature FLUE-CURED TOBACCO. Promotes earlier coloration and maturity of TOMATOES, 

GRAPES, APPLES, and PEPPERS. Loosens CHERRIES, WALNUTS, and APPLES for earlier, more efficient harvest. Promotes fruit 

abscission (slipping) in CANTALOUPES. Increases dormant fruit bud hardiness and delayed spring bloom of SWEET CHERRIES in the 

Pacific Northwest. Accelerates BLACKBERRY ripening and loosening. Concentrates BLUEBERRY maturity and aids in barrenberry 

control, pineapple flower induction, pineapple maturity concentration, sugarcane flower prevention and biomass increase. Removes 

dwarf mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL CONIFERS and leafy mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS TREES. Eliminates 

undesirable fruit on APPLE, CRABAPPLE, CAROB, and OLIVE trees. 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

For local recommendations on rates, spray volumes (gallons of water per acre), and spray equipment under varying temperature and 

rainfall conditions consult your Extension Pomologist, Horticultural Specialist, Bayer CropScience Representative or Farm Advisor for 

his experience with this product in your area. 

APPLICATION VOLUMES AND SPRAY COVERAGE 

Thorough spray coverage is essential to achieve maximum product effectiveness. Spray coverage is affected by choice of equipment, 

nozzle selection and spray boom setup as well as spray pressure, plant size and canopy density. For both air and ground applications, it 

is important to choose an equipment setup that will assure thorough coverage of plant canopy (foliage and fruit). The actual spray 

volume required will vary with the size and density of the plant canopy and the equipment used. In California and AriZona use a volume 

of no less than 5 gallons per acre for aerial applications. 

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 

Do not contaminate water used for irrigal"lon or domestic purposes. 

Avoid spray drift to nearby crops as this product will cause modifications in plant growth. Plant injury or reduced yields will result. 

Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. 

DO NOT MIX ETHREL® WITH AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE. SUCH TANK MIXTURES MAY RESULT IN FORMATION OF TOXIC 

FUMES. 

Add 'h to ~;. of the required amount of water to the spray tank. Start agitation. Add the required amount of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

Plant Regulator. 

Mix only the amount of spray you expect to use each day. Do not allow mixed solution to stand overnight. 

Do not use ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with additives other than recommended on this label. 

Avoid spills of concentrated product on spray equipment or airplane parts. 

IMMEDIATELY RINSE ANY SPILLS WITH PLENTY OF WATER AS ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR IS 

CORROSIVE. 

tMPORTANT: Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator through any type of irrigation system. 

Do not use this product for purposes other than those listed on the label. 

Do not exceed the rate of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator per acre per year recommended or this la~el. 

Page :.< nf 70 

120
SPRAY DRIFT 

Avoid spray drift. Do not apply when weather conditions may cause drift. Do not allow this product to drift on to non-target areas. Drift 

may result in illegal residues or injury to adjacent crops and vegetation, in the form of leaf yellowing and defoliation. To avoid spray drift, 

DO NOT apply aerially when wind speed is greater than 10 mph or during periods of temperature inversions. Use of larger droplet size 

will also reduce spray drift. 

AVOIDING SPRAY DRIFT AT THE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATOR. 

The interaction of many equipment-and-weather-related factors determine the potential for spray drift. The applicator is responsible for 

considering all these factors when making decisions. 

The following drift management requirements must be followed to avoid off-target movement from aerial applications to agricultural field 

crops. These requirements do not apply to forestry applications, public health uses or to applications using dry formulations. 

1. The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 3/4 the length of the wingspan or rotor. 

2. Nozzles must always point backward parallel with the air stream and never be pointed downwards more than 45 degrees. 

Where states have more stringent regulatlons, they should be observed. 

The applicator should be familiar with and take into account the infonnation covered in the Aerial Drift Reduction Advisory below: 

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY 

INFORMA nON ON DROPLET SIZE 

The most effective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplets. The best drift management strategy is to apply the largest 

droplets that provide sufficient coverage and control. Applying larger droplets reduces drift potential, but will not prevent drift if 

applications are made improperly, or under unfavorable environmental conditions (See Wind, Temperature and Humidity, and 

Temperature Inversions). 

CONTROLLING DROPLET SIZE 

Volume - Use high flow rate nozzles to apply the highest practical spray volume. Nozzles with higher rated flows produce larger 

droplets. 

Pressure - Do not exceed the nozzle manufacturer's recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger 

droplets. When higher flow rates are needed, use higher flow rate nozzles instead of increasing pressure. 

Number of nozzles - Use the minimum number of nozzles that provide uniform coverage. 

Nozzle Orientation - Orienting nozzles so that the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other 

orientations and is the recommended practice. Significant deflection from horizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drift potential. 

Nozzle Type - Use a nozzle type that is designed for the intended application. With most nozzle types, narrower spray angles produce 

larger droplets. Consider using low-drift nozzles. Solid stream nozzles oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowest 

drift. 

BOOM LENGTH 

For some use patterns, reducing the effective boom length to less than 3/4 of the wingspan or rotor length may further reduce drift 

without reducing swath width. 

APPLICATION HEIGHT 

Applications should not be made at a height greater than 10 feet above the top of the target plants unless a greater height is required 

for aircraft safety. Making applications at the lowest height that is safe reduces exposure of droplets to evaporation and wind. 

SWATH ADJUSTMENT 

When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath will be displaced downwind. Therefore, on the up and downwind edges of the 

field, the applicator should compensate for this displacement by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind. Swath adjustment distance 

should increase, with increasing drift potential (higher wind, smaller drops, etc.). 

WIND 

Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds of 2 - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet size and equipment type 

determine drift potential at any given speed. Application should be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind direction and high 

inversion potential. NOTE: Local terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and 

how they affect spray drift. 

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 

When making applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet 

evaporation is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry. 

Page 4 (If 70 

121
TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 

Applications should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potential is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air 

mixing, which causes small suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due 

to the light variable winds common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperatures with altitude 

and are common on nights with limited cloud cover and light to no wind. They begin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the 

morning. Their presence can be indicated by ground fog; however, if fog is not present, inversions can also be identified by the 

movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves laterally in a concentrated 

cloud (under low wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical 

air mixing. 

SENSITIVE AREAS 

The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, 

known habitat for threatened or endangered species, non-target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive 

areas). 

EQUIPMENT CLEANING 

Because of the acidic nature of this product, prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastics, certain paints, and 

metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic-plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure to 

spray deposits. 

Page 5 of 20 

122
APPLES 

APPLES: A foliar spray of ETHREl ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes fruit maturity and loosens apples, making harvest by 

hand or machine easier and more efficient. ETHREL® applied in combination with FRUITONE@ N to control pre-harvest drop 

stimulates early development of red color and ripening without loosening fruit Applied to young trees, ETHREL® will suppress 

vegetative growth and promote flower bud formation. 

Crop Situation 

FRUIT LOOSENING 

1. EARLY AND 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

2 112 

Specific Directions 

Apply a foliar spray to apple trees 7 to 14 

days prior to normal anticipated harvest. 

Use sufficient water for thorough uniform 

spray coverage. The type of sprayer used 

and size of trees will effect volume 

required. 

Observe fruit daily as the proper picking 

period is shorter with ETHREL ® treated 

fruit than untreated fruit. 

Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ai/A per 

season. 

Remarks 

ETHREL ® provides several beneficial responses 

on apples. Depending on rate and time of 

application ETHREl ® will: promote fruit loosening. 

promote uniform ripening and coloring without 

loosening, promote thinning and return bloom, and 

increase flower bud development in young trees. 

For desired response, follow specific directions. 

Treat when air temperatures are between 60° F 

and 90° F. However, application may be made at 

50° F under rising temperature conditions. If 

daytime temperatures are warm, color response 

from ETHREL ® treatment will be reduced, but 

ripening and loosening effects will be accelerated. 

Cool weather may extend the interval between 

treatment and harvest. 

2. LATE Do not allow fruit to become overripe on trees. 

MATURING Fruit intended for fresh market must be checked 

VARIETIES IN for quality and maturity. Color alone is not an 

THE EASTERN adequate guide for fruit maturity. Use a pressure 

UNITED STATES gauge or other suitable methods for determining 

(varieties internal maturity. Fruit over-matured v.nen 

maturing later harvested and stored may soften sooner than 

than Mcintosh) untreated fruit. 

~~~~-----+----------~~ 

PROMOTION OF Apply foliar spray of ETHREL ® and a 

UNIFORM preharvest drop control chemical 

RIPENING AND registered for use on apples such as the 

COLORING OF RED product FRUITONE® N. Use the 

VARIETIES preharvest drop control product according 

WiTHOUT to label directions. Begin spraying 2 to 3 

LOOSENING weeks before normal harvest period and 

about 1 to 2 weeks before desired 

harvest date. 1. EARLYOR 1-4 

MIDSEASON Apply as a normal dilute spray using 

MATURING sufficient water for thorough uniform 

VARIETIES coverage. Actual volume will depend on 

(varieties the type of delivery of spra~r used and 

maturing with size of trees. 

Mcintosh or Use the lower rate for apples intended for 

l--=eo'crlioecc):-. ___ + _____ -1 storage. 

2. LATE 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing late~, 

than MCintosh; 

2-4 Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ai/A per 

season. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® to more acreage than can 

be harvested in 1 to 2 days. 

Treated fruit can be satisfactorily held in cold air 

storage provided fruit is in good condition. 

Since recommendations for chemical control of 

preharvest drop vary according to location and 

variety, follow directions on the FRUITONE® N 

label. In addition, you may consult your local 

extension Pomologist or Horticulturist for his 

recommendations. 

Page 6 of 20 

123
ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre 

THINNING AND 

RETURN BLOOM 

1. Most Varieties 1.5 - 4 

2. Difficult to Thin 3-6 

Varieties Such 

as Golden 

Delicious 

INCREASED 

FLOWER BUD 

DEVELOPMENT 

1. NON-BEARING 2-8 

TREES 

2. BEARING 1/2 - 3 

TREES 

Use Limitations 

APPLES 

(continued) 

Specific Directions 

Treat 10 to 20 days after full bloom. 

For greater thinning, this product can 

be mixed with AMID-THIN® W, 

SEVIN® brand 4F Carbaryl 

Insecticide, SEVIN@brand 80 WSP 

Carbaryl Insecticide, SEVJN® brand 

80 S Carbaryllnseclicide or SEVIN® 

brand XLR Plus Carbaryl Insecticide 

for use on apples in accordance with 

the most restrictive of the AMIDTHIN®W, SEVIN® and ETHREL® 

label limitations and precautions. No 

label dosage rates should be 

exceeded. ETHREL ® cannot be 

mixed with any product containing a 

label prohibition against such mixing. 

Consult local extension 

recommendations. 

Addition of a non-ionic surfactant can 

enhance treatment effectiveness. 

Buffering spray solution to a pH of 3 

to 5 can improve performance where 

water is alkaline. 

Use a spray volume sufficient to 

cover trees thoroughly and uniformly. 

Spray trees thoroughly and uniformly 

to the point of runoff. Use the higher 

rate on more vigorous trees. 

Treat 2 to 4 weeks after full bloom. 

To help minimize fruit thinning, delay 

application until 6 weeks after full 

bloom and after June drop. 

Remarks 

Regulating cropping from one season to another is 

a problem. Whenever a high percent of the spurs 

and lateral buds bloom in a single season severe 

alternate bearing can develop the following year. 

To overcome this problem use ETHREL® or a 

combination of ETHREL® plus AMID-THIN® W or 

ETHREL® plus one of the SEVIN® products listed 

under Specific Directions applied 7 to 21 days after 

full bloom. The program to use will depend on the 

amount of thinning required and the biennial bearing 

history of your orchard. 

Expect Red Delicious to show a reduction of "type" 

and fruit size particularly on trees under stress. 

Use of higher label rates may reduce fruit size. 

To increase flower bud development on non-bearing 

trees apply a foliar spray of ETHREL® 2 to 4 weeks 

after bloom. 

Treatment can result in excessive fruit thinning and 

reduced fruit size and yield reduction the year of 

usage. ETHREL® should reduce vegetative growth 

and increase flowering the following spring. Trees 

should be large enough to support a crop of apples 

before treatment to ·Initiate flower buds. 

The use of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator can result in over thinning and reduced fruit size. 

Avoid double coverage and use on low vigor trees. 

Environmental factors can affect thinning and return bloom, it is advisable to obtain experience under your conditions by initially 

testing only a small percent of your trees each year with anyone program. 

User must consider risk of excessive fruit thinning and fruit size reduction when using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator on 

young trees just starting to bear. 

Treat only vigorous trees since excessive growth reduction will result on weak trees. 

For best results a thorough uniform spray is needed. A wetting agent may improve spray coverage. 

Do not graze or feed cover crops grown in treated apple orchards. 

Do not harvest apples treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 7 days after last application. 

Fruit size reduction may occur when used to obtain early maturity, especially if fruit is small at time of treatment. 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator applied earlier than 3 weeks before normal anticipated harvest may result in reduced 

fruit guality and size. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8.0 pints of this product (2.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

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BLACKBERRIES 

BLACKBERRIES IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will concentrate 

maturity and loosen fruit, improving harvesting efficiency while reducing cane injury from mechanical harvest. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

IN OREGON 5-8 To loosen fruit and concentrate maturity. Use ETHREL®: 1) early in the harvest season to 

AND apply a fonar spray of ETHREL® at least 3 reduce the number of pickings or 2) treat later in 

WASHINGTON days prior to expected harvest when air the harvest season for a once-over final picking. 

(Cultivars temperatures are between 60°F and gO°F 

Chehalem and rain is not predicted within 24 hours. 

Thornless and Use sufficient volume to insure thorough 

Evergreen) and uniform wettinq of foliaae and fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not spray more than can be harvested on the third day following treatment as considerable fruit may drop. 

Use only at recommended times and rates on healthy, vigorous plants, as a reduction in berry size may occur. Do not use on 

damaged or diseased plants. 

Do not harvest blackberries treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

BLUEBERRIES 

BLUEBERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator concentrates maturity of blueberries for easier and more 

efficient harvest. A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will abort black barrenberry (Aronia mefanocarpa) flowers 

andfor fruit growing in Maine lowbush blueberry fields reducing the number of undesirable barrenberry fruit harvested with blueberries. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CONCENTRATION 4-8 Apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand To concentrate first harvest. apply ETHREL® 

OF MATURITY Ethephon Plant Regulator at a rate of 4 to brand Ethephon Plant Regulator when 15 to 20% 

AND EARLIER B pints in 150 to 200 gallons per acre. of the berries are blue. To concentrate final 

FRUIT COLORING Use the higher spray volume and rate on harvest, treat after the first or second picking. 

(Cultivars Bluecrop, large dense foliage bushes oc when Harvest blueberries a' proper maturity when 

Weymouth, Jersey, temperatures are cool. Treat when air colored, generally ooe '0 two weeks after 

Rancocas, Rubel, temperatures are 60 to 90° F. treatment. Observe fruit daily " 'he proper 

Bluetta, Erliblue, Thorough uniform spray coverage of picking period for optimum internal and external 

Wolcott, Croatan, foliage and fruit is essential for maximum quality is shorter with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

Murphy, Angola, fruit maturation aod coloration. To aid Plant Regulator treated fruit than with untreated 

Morrow, Garden uniform wetting of plants, use a wetting fruit. High temperatures (900 F) accelerate fruit 

Blue, Trifblue and agent such as Triton B-1956 at 0.5 pint ripening. 

NC901) per 100 gallons or X-77 at 2.0 pints per ETHREL® treatments may increase fruit with 

100 gallons. stems, slightly decrease fruit size, soluble solids 

and acidity. ETHREL® may not induce internal 

rioenina as raoidlv as fruit color. 

BLACK 4-8 Apply 4 to B pints per acre of ETHREL ® Use the lower rates of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

BARRENBERRY brand Ethephon Plant Regulator ;0 Plant Regulator when black barrenberries are 

CONTROL IN LOW approximately 100 to 200 gallons per acre between 90 to 100% petal fall and use the higher 

BUSH forground sprayers and approximately 10 rates of ETHREL ® when black barrenberry fruit is 

BLUEBERRIES IN gallons per acre for aerial application. 1fB to 3/16 inch in diameter. This is generally 7 to 

MAINE Thorough uniform spray coverage ;s 10 days after blueberries are in the same stages 

essenflal. To aid in uniform wetting of of development. Harvest blueberry fruit vtJen 

plants, use a wetting agent such as X-77 ripe, generally 6 to B weeks after application. 

at 0.1% of the sorav'volume. 

Use Limitations 

Applications to cultivars other than those listed above may cause excessive steminess andfor premature crops. 

Make no more than one application per season. 

If used for barrenberry control in Maine, do not make a second application for blueberry concentrat'lon of maturity or coloring. 

Do not treat blueberry plants under drought stress or excessively high temperatures as defoliation and reduced yield may result. 

Page 8 of 20 

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CANTALOUPES 

CANTALOUPES IN CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA, AND TEXAS: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

abscission (slipping) of fruit allowing more efficient and economical harvesting. 

ETHREL® 

crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CAUFORNIA, 3 Good spray coverage ;s The effect will be faster at higher temperatures. Proper timing of 

ARIZONA, important foc producing ETHREL® treatment is critical, but may vary from season to 

TEXAS uniform abscission. Use 40 season. Fruit quality, in terms of soluble solids and flesh color, 

oc more gallons/acre foc does not improve following treatment Therefore, ETHREL ® should 

ground aod 10 oc more not be used until after fruit has developed marketable levels of 

gallons/acre foc aerial soluble solids and flesh color. ETHREL ® promotes abscission of 

application. (Aerial immature fruit as weJJ as marketable fruit. Thus, using ETHREL ® applications ace only too soon will result in poorly colored fruit with substandard soluble permitted in Texas.) solids. 

Be prepared to harvest Observe treated fields frequently and pick fruit when market quality abscised fruit 2 to 5 days is reached. Fruit allowed to remain in the field too long will lose after treatment. The exact quality. Some yellowing or rapid aging of vines will be seen pre-harvest interval will vary following treatment. Plants with low vigor will not respond properly. with temperature. Be sure Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. to coordinate your 

harvest"lng schedule with I your packer/shipper. 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator should not be applied when night temperatures are below 60QF. 

Treat only those fruit that have a fairly uniform fruit set, have vines in good condition, and have fruit with marketable soluble solids 

and internal flesh color. Do not treat fields where soluble solids are running less than 10%. 

Do not harvest cantaloupes treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 3 pints of this product (0.75 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 9 of20 

126
CHERRIES 

Except California 

CHERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator loosens fruit and promotes early uniform ripening, and 

reduces the shaker force needed to mechanically harvest fruit. These effects are important for increasing efficiency, recoverable yields, 

maintaining fruit quality and reducing tree injury. DO NOT USE ON CHERRIES IN CALIFORNIA. A fall application of ETHREL ® to 

sweet cherries in the Pacific Northwest area increases dormant bud hardiness and delays bloom Ihe following spring. 

Crop Situation 

TART 

CHERRIES 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

Dilute Spray 

1 

Concentrate Spray 

2/3 to 1 

Specific Directions 

Apply as a dilute spray with sufficient water for 

thorough, uniform coverage. The optimum spray 

volume will depend on tree size, planting density and 

eouioment used. 

Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

Remarks 

SWEET 

CHERRIES 

(varieties such as 

Windsor, 

Napoleon-Royal 

Anne, Emperor 

Francis) 

Dilute Spray 

3 t04 

Apply as a dilute spray with sufficient water for Expect a longer treatment to 

thorough unifonn coverage. Actual volume will depend harvest interval with lower rates. 

INCREASED 

DORMANT 

FRUIT BUD 

HARDINESS 

AND DELAYED 

SPRING BLOOM 

(Sweet Cherries 

in the Pacific 

Northwest) 

Use Limitations 

Concentrate Spray 

2-3 

3 

Not for use on cherries in California. 

on the type of delivery, sprayer used and size of trees. 

Use low rates on the light or yellow-colored varietJes. 

Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

Treat in first two weeks of September. A fall application of ETHREL ® will 

increase fruit bud hardiness by 

decreasing the chance for winter 

injury and delaying bloom by 3 to 5 

days which may help avoid frost 

injury. Treatment of early flowering 

varieties may delay bloom to better 

coincide with pollination from other 

varieties. 

Apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum spray volume of 50 gallons per acre. 

Do not treat too early as this can cause early fruit drop with stems attached. 

Some gummosis of cherry trees is associated with treatment 

High temperatures during and after application may cause severe gummosis. 

Do not treat trees that had severe gummosis the previous year as tree damage will result. 

Do not apply to trees that are of low vigor or have experienced severe stress (such as winter injury, drought, or disease), since 

gummosis will be excessive, parflcularly when high temperatures and/or drought follow treatment. 

If possible, irrigate orchards to prevent drought stress resulting in gummosis. 

Do not harvest cherries treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 7 days after last application. 

At the time of application, all fruit including those inside the tree canopy, should be in stage 3 as indicated by rapid size increase and 

the presence of ground color (change from bright green to yellow background color). Treat when air temperatures are between 60 

and 85°F. Do not treat when air temperatures exceed 85"F. Uniform coverage is important, concentrated sprays associated with 

erralic application can result in gummosis and tip dieback. 

Some early leaf yellowing and drop may be noted follOWing application. 

Slight gummosis and individual fruit size reduction may result with fall application bud hardiness treatment 

Forrow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 4.0 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 10 of 20 

127
GRAPES 

(Only in California and Arizona) 

GRAPES (TABLE GRAPES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA): An application of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

early uniform color development on table grape varieties such as Cardinal, Emperor, Flame seedless, Red Malaga, Queen and Tokay 

aHowing more efficient harvests of quality fruit. 

GRAPES (RAISIN PRODUCTION): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will hasten maturity of Thompson 

seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, increased sugars and increased raisin quality. 

Crop Situation 

TABLE GRAPES 

(such as 

Cardinal, Flame 

Seedless, Red 

Malaga, and 

Queen) 

TOKAY GRAPES 

RAISIN 

PRODUCTION 

(Thompson 

Seedless) 

Use Limitations 

Table Grapes 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

1/2 - 2 

1-2 

1 - 2 

Specific Directions 

For high temperatures conditions 

(above 85°F) use lower rates of 

1/2 to 1 pint per acre. For low 

temperalures conditions (but 

above 65°F) use higher rates. 

Apply in sufficient water to wet 

vines and fruit clusters uniformly, 

using conventional ground 

sprayers. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

Treat Tokays when 5 - 15% of 

berries show color. 

Apply as a foliar spray at 5% berry 

softening. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berr"les show color. 

Remarks 

Harvest fruit at desired maturity and quality as indicated by 

sugar content, acidity and color. This is generally two 

weeks or more after treatment. Watch treated areas closely 

and harvest before berries become too dark. For more 

information regarding local experiences with this product on 

grapes, consult your Farm Advisor 0' Extension 

Viticulturist. 

A foliar spray of ETHREL® will hasten maturity of 

Thompson Seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, 

increased sugars and increased raisin quality. For more 

information regarding local experience with this product on 

I oranes consult vour Farm Advisor or Extension Viticulturist. 

Rates higher than 1 pintiA may increase the incidence of cracked fruit and should be used only in areas or during weather conditions 

where grapes have been especially hard-to-color in past seasons. 

Some berry softening is associated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator treatment of some varieties which may limit or 

influence storage considerations. 

Do not store Tokays. 

Do not harvest grapes treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than f4 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 2 pinls of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Raisin Production (Thompson Seedless) 

Do not apply to grapes under stress from insect damage or moisture stress. Observe treated vineyards closely and harvest at proper 

maturity as determined by sugar acid levels. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 11 of20 

128
PEPPERS 

PEPPERS: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform ripening and coloring for more efficient 

packing and handling of fruit. 

Crop Situation 

PEPPERS 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

1 1/4 - 4 

Specific Directions 

Thorough coverage is essential. For ground or air 

application choose equipment and spray volumes 

that will insure uniform coverage of foliage and fruit 

Use the higher rate when cool temperatures are 

anticipated (less than 65°F), when plants are 

growing vigorously or when foliage is dense to 

assure thorough wetting of all leaves and fruit 

Use the lower rates with lower spray volumes (1 1/4 

to 2 pint rate in 20 gallA) and higher rates with 

higher volumes (3-4 pintsJ40 gallA). The 3-4 pint 

rate in less than 40 gpa may cause foliage burn 

under hot dry conditions. 

Apply ETHREL I'll to bell peppers when 10% of fruit 

are red and chocolate and to chili and pimento 

pepper varieties when 10 to 30% of fruit are red and 

chocolate and there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce desired tonnage. ETHREL ® will not ripen 

immature, areen fruit. 

Remarks 

Check several field locations to determine 

crop stage and degree of maturity. 

ETHREL ® treatments may reduce total 

yields if applied too early or there is a lack 

of uniform, mature, green fruit resulting 

from split frult set or variable soil cultural 

practices. Harvest fruit after desired color 

and maturity, generally 14 or more days 

after treatment. 

Do not apply when prolonged average high temperatures of 95°F after treatment are expected. 

Do not treat when temperatures exceed 100°F. Applications made under high temperatures will accentuate fruit ripening, yellowing of 

foliage, defoliation and immature fruit abscission. 

Do not treat when average temperatures are below 60°F. Low temperatures after treatment may reduce or negate the effects of 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator. 

Some yellowing and general aging of leaves will be noted after treatment. 

Do not harvest peppers treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 4 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

NOTE: Under certain conditions tank mixtures of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with desiccants containing sodium 

chlorate could result in the formation of hypochlorous acids which on heating will emit toxic chloride fumes. 

Page 12 of 20 

129
PINEAPPLE AND SUGARCANE 

CROP AND RATE PER SPRAY 

USE ACRE VOLUME APPLICATION TIMING SPECIFIC COMMENTS RESTRICTIONS 

PINEAPPLE 

Flower Induction 1 to 2 pints 100 to 500 'Bearing age' about t2 Proper rate will vary with Do oot graze pineapple 

ETHREL ® applied to gallA months after planting. local growing conditions, forage treated with 

pineapple plants will Generally about 6 months varieties, plantation ETHREL® Do not harvest 

stimulate uniform prior to desired harvest. management practices pineapples treated with 

initiation of flowering. and time of year. Use the ETHREL ® sooner than 2 

higher rate where earlier days after the last 

harvest is desired. Apply application. 

when pineapple foliage is 

dN. 

Maturity 1/2 to 2 100 to 300 When the first fruit begin U,e a broadcast spray, 

Concentration pints gallA to change color. thoroughly cover both 

ETHREL ® application foliage and fruit. Use the 

will stimulate uniform higher rate durtng periods 

shell color of cool or cloudy weather 

development when normal ripening has 

slowed. 

SUGARCANE 

Flower Prevention 1/2 pint 7 gallA Just prior to flower Apply by fixed wing DC Do not harvest sugarcane 

ETHREL® application minimum initiation. helicopter uS'lOg equip- treated with ETHREL® 

will prevent or reduce ment designed to give sooner than 2 months 

flowering and pithy uniform coverage. after the last application. 

tissue formation. Actual biomass increase Do not graze sugarcane 

will be affected by the time forage treated with 

Biomass tncrease between treatment aod ETHREL®. 

ETHREL ® used to harvest. 

prevent flowering can 

also result in Consider anticipated ,.-

increased biomass coverable sugars as well 

accumulation and as biomass to determine 

recoverable sugar optimum harvest date. For Use in Hawaii only. 

yield. 

Page 13 of20 

130
TOBACCO 

(Flue-Cured Only) 

TOBACCO (FLUE.CURED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early. uniform "yellowing" of mature 

tobacco. ETHREL® reduces curing time, allowing more efficient use of curing barn space, and increased control over harvest 

schedules. 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator "Increases the capac"lty of the curing barn by shortening the curing time and allows 

adjustments in harvest schedules. ETHREL ® can be used as a directed spray to the bottom or middle portion of the tobacco plant or as 

an over-the-top spray. ETHREL ® is not intended or recommended for use on immature tobacco. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions 

DIRECTED 4 Use drop nozzles. Choose TG or OC spray tips designed to apply 50 - 60 gpa at 35-40 psi and at 

SPRAY tractor speed of 2-3 mph, Use 2 nozzles per row; one on each side of the row dropped low 

APPLICATION enough to direct the spray to the leaves to be ripened and harvested. Thorough spray 

coverage is essential. With a directed spray, be sure to harvest all leaves with 20% or more 

I yellowing. 

OVER-THE-TOP 4-8 Treat only when leaves remaining on the stalk are mature. To ensure remaining leaves are 

APPLICATION mature, test spray several tobacco plants as described under the section "Application Timing". 

Use the lower rate in a normally mature crop when experience indicates that minimum ripening 

inducement is required. Use the higher rate when the crop is heavy and has a terdency to be 

more rank or when temperatures are lower than normal. Always test spray to determine if the 

tobacco is mature enough to respond to treatment with ETHREL ®. 

Apply over-the-top ETHREL® spray as a fine mist using three nozzles (one nozzle tips over the 

center of the plant, and one on each side) to assure all leaves are covered thoroughly, similar to 

the application pattern of systemic sucker control aqents. Use a spray pressure of 40 to 60 psi. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to immature leaves as this can result in unsatisfactory coloring, weight 

loss and reduced leaf quality. 

Do not allow the crop to over ripen in the field after using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator, since this may cause some 

reduction in yield and quality. 

Do not treat before anticipated major storm which could prevent harvest and result in crop loss. 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator if rain is expected within 6 hours. 

Do not harvest tobacco treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

APPLICATION TIMING 

Successful results with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator cal! for treatment when leaves are mature, not overly rank green 

when sprayed. To easily determine the proper treatment timing and the number of leaves per stalk ready for harvest, test spray several 

plants in more than one location in each field and observe the response. Mature leaves will begin to yellow in 24 to 72 hours. Test 

leaves that fail to yellow in 72 hours are not mature and are not ready for ETHREL ® treatment. Wait a few days to permit further natural 

maturing, then make another test spray or "maturity" check. 

Determine acres to treat by first confirming the number of leaves per plant that will color, then use barn capacity to calculate the number 

of acres to treat. 

A test spray can be prepared by mixing 4 teaspoons of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 1 quart of water. Apply about 1 

ounce to each test plant covering all leaves with a fine mist. ETHREL ® will not color immature leaves. 

To avoid quality loss and or possible leaf drop, harvest any yellowed leaves prior to application. Use lower rates under most conditions. 

Limit use of higher rates to cool (below 65°F at the time of treatment) slow ripening conditions. 

WHEN TO HARVEST 

All mature, sprayed leaves will begin to color within 24 to 72 hours after ETHREL® application. The yellowing process is weather 

dependent; cool weather will delay, while hot, sunny weather can speed up the process. Harvest treated tobacco when leaves have 

reached the desired color intensity. 

Page 14 of 20 

131
Harvest can commence 48 hours after ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator application. To determine harvest timing and avoid 

quality loss or leaf drop, closely monitor treated crop and weather conditions. 

CURING ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR TREATED TOBACCO 

Curing procedures are as much an art as a science and each cure must be judged on the basis of tobacco condition, interval between 

treatment and harvest, weather and type of curing facility before prescription temperature and ventilation schedules can be established. 

To obtain maximum quality, care must be taken to observe and control the curing process closely, especially during the late "coloring" 

and early "drying" stages of the leaf. 

Ethephon treated tobacco wi11 have started the coloring process when harvested, reducing the time required in the coloring phase of 

curing. Treated tobacco should be dried faster. If tobacco leaves are green or contain some green when harvested, it may be necessary 

to color them for a few hours. If the leaves are completely yellow, temperature and ventilation must be adjusted in a manner to dry the 

tobacco as fast as possible without scalding. Once the leaf is dried (3/4 dry), you should follow normal procedures for curing. Since 

ETHREL ® treated leaves cure faster, treated and untreated leaves should not be cured together in the same barn. 

TOMATOES 

TOMATOES (PROCESSED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates and concentrates tomato 

ripening increasing recoverable fruit yield from a once-over harvest. Plant Regulator application starts the normal ripening process 

earlier and increases the rate of ripening of mature green fruit concentrating maturity. Concentrated maturity enables high recoverable 

yields of ripe tomatoes in once-over harvest. Early concentrated maturity extends the normal harvest season and helps growers 

schedule harvest and handling more effectively. 

TOMATOES (FRESH MARKET IN CALIFORNIA): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates tomato 

ripening increasing the early yields of marketable ripe fruit. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 1 114 -31/4 Apply 1 y,; to 3 y,; pints per acre of Apply ETHREL ® when desired tonnage of fruit has 

TOMATOES ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant reached marketable size aod maturity. Check fields 

Early and Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons closely for stage and degree of uniform maturity prior to 

Midseason Crops per acre for ground application and a application. Sample several plants throughout the field to 

or Warm minimum of 10 ga110ns per acre for determine proper spray date. Sort, weigh and calculate 

Conditions aerial application. Apply when 5% to the percent fruit which is red and pink, including breakers. 

15% of the fruit in the field are red Fruit size alone is not an adequate indicator. Observe 

and pink (including breakers) and speCific directions to determine treatment stage for your 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to situation. Walk treated fields frequently to evaluate crop 

produce the desired tonnage. condition. Maintain normal cultural practice betv-leen 

Under high temperatures (above 85 treatment and harvest. Timely harvest is essential for 

F), rates as low as 1 1/4 pints/acre maximum return of high quality fruit. Consult processor 

can be effectlve. representatives concerning delivery schedules and 

Thorough coverage is essential. Fo, quotas prior to application of ETHREL ®. 

ground or air application choose Consult your local Bayer Crop Science Representative, 

equipment and spray volumes that Extension Horticultural Specialist or Farm Advisor for 

will assure uniform spray coverage of suggestions on the proper use of ETHREL® when fields 

foliage and fruit. Overdosing from have variable plant vigor due to differences in soil 

overlapping swaths or spray nozzle conditions or cultural practices and for rates of fruit 

patterns can cause severe foliage ripening as affected by temperature, 'Nithin the rate and 

injury. If bands are sprayed over the timing limitations shown on the label. 

row, reduce the amount of ETHREL ® 

used in proportion to the area 

actually treated. 

Observe treated fields closely 

harvest fruit at proper matu~itV. and 

Page t50f20 

132
TOMATOES 

(continued) 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 31/4-61/2 Apply 3 Y. to 6 'h pints per acre of ETHREL® brand Harvest ,( proper maturity. 

TOMATOES Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons per Temperatures above gO°F m,y 

Late Season or acre for ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons cause fruit to ripen sooner whereas 

Coastal Crops or per acre for aerial application. Apply when 5% to 30% of temperatures below 65" F retard 

Cool Conditions fruit in the field are red and pink (including breakers) and natural color development and may 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired extend the time between treatment 

tonnage. Maximum response is achieved when fruit to be and harvest. 

treated is 5 to 15% pink and red. Use the higher rate of 

ETHREL® when nighttime temperatures are cool (below 

65°F) or vegetative growth is dense. Thorough coverage is 

essential. For ground or air application choose equipment 

and SDrav volumes that will assure uniform SDrav coveraoe 

FRESH MARKET 1 1/4 - 5 Apply ETHREL® when desired tonnage of fruit has reached Check treated fruit frequently and 

TOMATOES marketable size and maturity, generally 3 to 6 days before harvest at desired maturity. Whee 

California desired harvest date. Expect only one harvest from treated programming harvest, spray , 

areas. different block each d,y oed 

Apply 1 y.. to 5 pints per acre of ETHREL® brand Ethephon harvest blocks daily in the same 

Plant Regulator in a minimum of 40 gallons per acre for sequence. 

ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons per acre 

for aerial application. Thorough coverage is essential. For 

ground or air application choose equipment and spray 

volumes that will assure uniform spray coverage 

Use the higher rate and longer pre harvest interval on late 

season crops, when temperatures are cool (generally below 

85°F) and foliage is dense. Under high temperatures, rates 

as low as t 1/4 pints per acre have been effective while 

reducing foliage damage particularly on more sensitfve 

varieties - see above. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply before there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired tonnage. ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

will not ripen immature green fruit. 

Some yellowing and general aging of foliage may be observed following treatment. 

Do not treat plants with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Treatment of weak plants will result in rapid loss of foliage cover increasing sunburn and sun scald potential, especially under high 

temperature conditions. 

Do not treat when sustained temperatures above 105°F are anticipated. 

Do not treat sensitive varieties during period when temperatures exceed 10QoF. Foliar damage is more severe on certain varieties 

such as VF 10, VF 3 t5, VF 145, 21-4, and t3l. During periods of high temperatures use the lower rates on sensitive varieties. 

Do not tank mix with sun protection products, sun protection whiteners, spray adjuvants or other additives. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to more acreage than can be harvested in 2 to 3 days. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to varieties known to soften rapidly or shatter when ripe. 

Do not use on greenhouse tomatoes. 

Do not harvest tomatoes treated with Ethrel® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 6.5 pints of this product (1.63 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page t6 of 20 

133
WALNUTS 

WALNUTS IN CALIFORNIA: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator wililooseo walnuts for increased efficiency of 

mechanical harvest, promote earlier harvest, improve hull removal, and increase recoverable yields from a once-over harvest. 

Crop ETHREL® Specific Directions Situation Pints/Acre 

Expect best results with spray concentrations of 

California 3-5 300 to 900 ppm. Refer to spray ETHREL® 

preparation chart below. Under low 

temperatures and/or low humidity conditions 

use the higher label rates. Expect less time 

between application and harvest with higher 

label rates. 

For best results treat when air temperatures are 

between 60°F aod 95°F. Expect reduced 

effectiveness if above 90°F with low humidity 

due to spray evaporation. 

Thorough uniform coverage of walnut hulls is 

essential for maximum hull split aod ""I 

loosening response. Choose equipment that 

provides maximum spray penetration of the 

entire tree canopy. Use large air carrier 

sprayers where tree size jeopardizes coverage. 

Or volute sprayer attachments may help. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Treatment prior to packing tissue brown (mature) stage may reduce nut quality. 

Some leaf drop is associated with treatment. 

Remarks 

Walnuts are mature when the packing tissue 

between kernel halves completes brovvning. 

Collect nut samples from throughout the tree 

canopy when deteffilining percent nut maturity. 

Advancing Harvest· Apply when 95-100% of the 

nuts have reached maturity, Inspect frequently 

"d harvest as soon as adequate hullability 

occurs generally 10-16 days after treatment 

depending on variety and weather conditions. 

Plan second shake 10- t2 days after first shake. 

Once Over Harvest - Variety, growing conditions 

and weather affect maturity and the opportunity 

for once over harvest. Contact a local fieldman or 

Farm Advisor to determine if once over harvest 

oao be expected ;0 your situation. Apply 10 

mature walnuts 10 days prior to expected harvest 

date. Expect actual harvest to range from 7-12 

days after treatment. 

Do not treat diseased, low vigor or moisture stressed trees as excessive leaf drop may occur. 

Assure that dosage rates are measured accurately since rates higher than recommended may result in tree iniury (such as 

excessive defoliation, reduced catkin fOllTlation and twig dieback). 

Do not harvest walnuts treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 5 pints of this product (1.25 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

ETHREL ® SPRAY PREPARATION CHART 

SQra~ Volume (gallons/acre) 

ETHREL® Rate 100 200 300 400 

PiotsfA LbsfA Concentration (ppm) 

3 0.75 900 450 300 -- 4 1.00 --- 600 400 300 

5 1.25 --- 750 500 375 

500 

---

---

300 

Page 17 of20 

134
MISTLETOE REMOVAL 

DWARF AND LEAFY MISTLETOE REMOVAL: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will remove dwarf 

mistletoe shoots in ornamental conifers and leafy mistletoe from ornamental deciduous trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount 

DWARF 2 pints 

MISTLETOE ON pee 

ORNAMENTAL 20 gallons 

CONIFERS 

DOUGLAS FIR 1 pint 

ORNAMENTALS pee 

20 gallons 

LEAFY 2 quarts 

MISTLETOE pee 

ON 20 gallons 

ORNAMENTAL 

DECIDUOUS 

TREES 

Specific Directions Remarks 

Apply as a foliar spray to dwarf Applications made in conjunction with sylvicultural 

mistletoe shoots before mistletoe mistletoe management will prevent spread of the 

seed dispersal. Foe effective mistletoe parasite to other parts of the tree and 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must other trees. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a non- Mature needle drop. that normally occurs in the 

ionic surfactant at recommended fall, may be hastened by the use of ETHREL®. rates may increase effectiveness. 

Treat any mistletoe regrowth before Applications of higher rates on Douglas fir may 

seed dispersal. result in excessive needle drop. 

Make applications after fall leaf drop Large mistletoe infections and mistletoe found in 

through mid-winter. Foe effective mesquite may be difficult to control with a single 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must application and retreatment may be necessary. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a nonionic surfactant at recommended 

rates may increase effectiveness. 

Any mistletoe regrowth should be 

treated during the labeled 

application window. 

FRUIT ELIMINATION 

(Ornamental Use Only) 

UNDESIRABLE FRUIT ELIMINATION: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will reduce or eliminate 

undesirable fruit development on apple, crabapple, carob and olive trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount Specific Directions Remarks 

APPLES 8 to 12 ounces Apply as a foliar spray at the flower Application must be made before fruit set for best 

CRABAPPLES pee bud to full bloom stage, prior to fruit results. 

set. Wet foliage thoroughly. Over Do not treat weak trees or trees under stress 20 gallons application of ETHREL® Plant (drought, insect or disease damaged trees) as 

Do not exceed 12 Regulator can result in excessive excessive leaf drop or twig drop can result. 

ounces (0.15 oz. leaf drop and/or tree defoliation. 

ai/gallon) per Use higher rates when Some leaf drop or temporary leaf yellowing may 

application. temperatures are cool. occur after treatment. 

CAROB 6 ounces Apply as a foliar spray. Wet all Do not use on small red fruited varieties of 

(Ceratonia si/iqua) pee foliage thoroughly. Amount of spray crabapple " fruit elimination will oot be 

20 gallons 

will depend on tree size. satisfactory. 

OLlVE* 12 ounces 

(Olea europaea) pee 

20 gallons 

'This recommendation is not intended to be used on commercial fruit production as a thinning agent. 

Page 180f20 

135
TURF 

An application of Ethrel slows the growth of !urfgrasses thus reducing the required frequency of mowing and the volume of clippings 

collected. 

SITES RATE APPLICATION SPRAY VOLUME 

Fairways, Roughs & Commercial 6 fI ozl 1,000 sq ft Apply to actively growing turf. It will 0.5-4.0 gals/i,OOO sq ft 

Turfgrasses, including Bentgrass require 7-10 days for ETHREL® to 

(Fairway cut), Kentucky act. Reapplication intervals: 

Bluegrass, Perennial Ryegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass-7 wks. 

Tall & Fine Fescue Perennial Ryegrass-7 wks. 

TaU/Fine Fescue-4 wks. 

Bentgrass-4 wks. 

Use Limitations: 

Do not allow entry to treated areas until sprays have dried. 

For best results, apply with sprayer in sufficient volume afwater to provide uniform coverage. ETHREL® is foliarly absorbed. 

Apply only to actively growing turf, under favorable growing conditions, that is not gOing into a dormancy period. Do not treat turfgrass 

with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Do not apply to golf course greens. 

Use of spreaders/stickers with ETHREL® is not necessal)'. 

ETHREL® is an acidic product and prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage aCl)'lic plastics, certain paints and metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed aCl)'lic plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure 

to spray deposits. 

Test tankmixes with other products on a small area before using widely. 

Page 19 of 20 

136
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE 

Read the entire Directions for Use, Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of Liability before using this product. If terms 

are not acceptable, return the unopened product container at once. 

By using this product, user or buyer accepts the following Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of Liability. 

CONDITIONS: The directions for use of this product are believed to be adequate and must be followed carefully. However, it is 

impossible to eliminate all risks associated with the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences 

may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which 

are beyond the control of Bayer CropScience LP. All such risks shall be assumed by the user or buyer. 

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP MAKES 

NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 

OR OTHERWISE, THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE STATEMENTS MADE ON THIS LABEL No agent of Bayer CropScience LP is 

authorized to make any warranties beyond those contained herein or to modify the warranties contained herein. TO THE EXTENT 

CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FOR SPECIAL, 

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT. 

LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE 

USER OR BUYER FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS 

PRODUCT, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, SHALL NOT 

EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, OR AT BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP'S ELECTION, THE REPLACEMENT OF PRODUCT. 

NET CONTENTS: 

ETHREL is a registered trademark of Bayer. 

Produced for 

Bayer CropScience 

P.O. Box 12014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (Pending) 01f20{10. 

Page 20 of 20 

137
® ETH RE L brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

For Commercial Or Agricultural Use Only. Not For Residential Use. 

For use on Apples, Blackberries, Blueberries, Cantaloupes, Cherries, Grapes, Peppers, 

Pineapple, Sugarcane, Tobacco, Tomatoes, Walnuts, and for the removal of Dwarf Mistletoe in 

Ornamental Conifers and Leafy Mistletoe in Ornamental Deciduous Trees and for the 

I I I 

INERT INGREDIENTS: ..................................... . . ..... 78.3% 

*Contains 2 pounds ethephon per gallon. 

EPA Reg. No. 264-267 EPA Est. No. 264-PA-01 

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN 

DANGER PELIGRO 

Si usted no entiende la etiqueta, busque a alguien para que S8 la explique a usted en detalle. 

(If you do not understand Ihe label, find someone to explain it 10 you in detaiL) 

For MEDICAL And TRANSPORTATION Emergencies ONLY Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7577 

For PRODUCT USE Information Call1-888-AVENTIS (1-888-283-6847) 

FIRST AID 

IF IN EYES: • Hold eye open and rinse slo'NIy and gently with water for 15-20 minutes. 

• Remove contact lenses, if present, after the first 5 minutes, then continue rinsing. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF SWALLOWED: • Immediately call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

• Do not induce vomiting unless told to do so by a poison control center or doctor. 

• Have person sip a glass of water if able to swallow. 

• Do not give anything bv mouth to an unconscious person. 

IF ON SKIN OR • Take off contaminated clothing. 

CLOTHING: 

• Rinse skin immediately 'lllith plenty of water for 15-20 minutes. 

• Call a poison control center or doctor for treatment advice. 

IF INHALED: • Move person to fresh air. 

• If person is not breathing, call 911 or an ambulance, then give artificial respiration, preferably mouth-tomouth if possible. 

• Call a Doison control center or doctor for further treatment advice. 

For MEDICAL Emergencies Call 24 Hours A Day 1-800-334-7517. 

Have the product container or label with you when calling a poison control center or doctor or qoinq for treatment. 

NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: Probable mucosal damage may contraindicate the use of gastric lavage. No specific antidote is available. All 

treatments should be based on observed signs and symptoms of distress in the patient. Overexposure to materials other than this 

product may have occurred. 

Victims of severe overexposure by inhalation should be kept under medical observation for up to 72 hours for delayed onset of 

pulmonary edema. In a victim of overexposure by ingestion, careful gastric lavage is required due to the possibility of stomach or 

esophageal perforation. This material is an acid, but the use of alkaline substances to neutralize it is contraindicated. 

Paga 1 .jf:O 

138
PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS 

DANGER 

HAZARDS TO HUMANS AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS 

Corrosive. Causes irreversible eye damage. Wear safety goggles VYhen handling. Harmful if swallowed or absorbed through skin. Do not 

get in eyes or on clothing. Avoid contact with skin, Do not inhale vapors as this product will irritate mucous membranes. 

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 

Some materials that are chemical-resistant to this product are listed below. If you want more options, follow the instructions for Category 

A on an EPA chemical-resistance selection chart 

Applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants, chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof 

material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, shoes plus socks and protective eyewear. 

When handlers use closed systems, enclosed cabs, or aircraft in a manner that meets the requirements listed in the Worker Protection 

Standard for agricultural pesticides (WPS) 140 CFR 170.240 (d) (4-6»), the handler PPE requirements may be reduced or modified as 

specified in the WPS. 

Discard clothing and other absorbent materials that have been drenched or heavily contaminated with this products concentrate. Do not 

reuse them. Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning/maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and 

hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. 

User Safety Recommendations 

Users should wash hands befOre eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco or using the toilet. 

Users should remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash body thoroughly and change into dean dothing. The 

contaminated clothing should be washed before reuse. 

Users should remove PPE immediately after handling this product. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean 

clothing. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. 

ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS 

Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not 

contaminate water when disposing of equipment washwaters. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USE 

It is a violation of Federal Law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. 

Do not apply this product in a way that will contact workers or other persons, either directly or through drift. Only protected handlers may 

be in the area during application. For any requirements specific to your State or Tribe, consult the agency responsible for pesticide 

regulations. Read entire label before using this product. 

AGRICULTURAL USE REQUIREMENTS 

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. This standard contains 

requirements for the protection of agricultural workers on farms, forests, nurseries, and greenhouses, and handlers of agricultural 

pesticides. It contains requirements for training, decontamination, notification, and emergency assistance. It also contains specific 

instructions and exceptions pertaining to the statements on this label about personal protective equipment (PPE), notification to 

workers, and restricted-entry intervals. The requirements in this box only apply to uses of this product that are covered by the Worker 

Protection Standard. 

Do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted-entry interval (REI) of 48 hours. The REI is 72 hours in areas 

where average rainfall is less than 25 inches per year. 

PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with 

anything that has been treated such as plants, soil or water is coveralls over long-sleeved shirt and long pants, chemical-resistant 

gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, chemical resistant footwear plus socks, and goggles 

or face shield. For overhead exposure, chemical-resistant headgear is also required. 

Notify workers of the application by warning them orally and by posting warning signs at entrance to treated areas. 

Page 2 ,.,t::'O 

139
STORAGE AND DISPOSAL 

PESTICIDE STORAGE 

Do not contaminate water, food, or feed by storage and disposal. 

PESTICIDE DISPOSAL 

Pesticide wastes are acutely hazardous. Improper disposal of excess pesticide, spray mixture, or rinsate is a violation of Federal Law. 

If these wastes cannot be disposed of by use according to label instructions, contact your State Pesticide or Environmental Control 

Agency or the Hazardous Waste representative at the nearest EPA Regional Office for guidance. 

Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility. 

CONTAINER DISPOSAL 

Rigid, Non-refillable containers small enough to shake (Le., with capacities equal to or less than 5 gallons) 

Non-refillable container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Offer for recycling, if available. Triple rinse or pressure rinse container (or 

equivalent) promptly after emptying. Triple rinse as follows: Empty the remaining contents into application equipment or a mix tank and 

drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Fill the container 1/4 full with water and recap. Shake for 10 seconds. Pour rinsate into 

application equipment or a mix tank or store rinsate for later use or disposal. Drain for 10 seconds after the flow begins to drip. Repeat 

this procedure two more times. Then offer for recycling or reconditioning or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill. 

ETHREL ® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR 

Promotes earlier, uniform coloring of mature FLUE-CURED TOBACCO. Promotes earlier coloration and maturity of TOMATOES, 

GRAPES, APPLES, and PEPPERS. Loosens CHERRIES, WALNUTS, and APPLES for earlier, more efficient harvest. Promotes fruit 

abscission (slipping) in CANTALOUPES. Increases dormant fruit bud hardiness and delayed spring bloom of SWEET CHERRIES in the 

Pacific Northwest. Accelerates BLACKBERRY ripening and loosening. Concentrates BLUEBERRY maturity and aids in barrenberry 

control, pineapple flower induction, pineapple maturity concentration, sugarcane flower prevention and biomass increase. Removes 

dwarf mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL CONIFERS and leafy mistletoe from ORNAMENTAL DECIDUOUS TREES. Eliminates 

undesirable fruit on APPLE, CRABAPPLE, CAROB, and OLIVE trees. 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

For local recommendations on rales, spray volumes (gallons of water per acre), and spray equipment under varying temperature and 

rainfall conditions consult your Extension Pomologist, Horticultural Specialist, Bayer CropScience Representative or FallTl Advisor for 

his experience with this product in your area. 

APPLICATION VOLUMES AND SPRAY COVERAGE 

Thorough spray coverage is essential to achieve maximum product effectiveness. Spray coverage is affected by choice of eqUipment, 

nozzle selection and spray boom setup as well as spray pressure, plant size and canopy density. For both air and ground applications, it 

is important to choose an equipment setup that will assure thorough coverage of plant canopy (foliage and fruit). The actual spray 

volume required will vary with the size and density of the plant canopy and the equipment used. In California and Arizona use a volume 

of no less than 5 gallons per acre for aerial applications. 

GENERAL PRECAUTIONS AND RESTRICTIONS 

Do not contaminate water used for irrigation or domestic purposes. 

Avoid spray drift to nearby crops as this product will cause modifications in plant growth. Plant injury or reduced yields will result. 

Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. 

DO NOT MIX ETHREL® WITH AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE. SUCH TANK MIXTURES MAY RESULT IN FORMATION OF TOXIC 

FUMES. 

Add 'h to Yo of the required amount of water to the spray tank. Start agitation. Add the required amount of ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

Plant Regulator. 

Mix only the amount of spray you expect to use each day. Do not allow mixed solution to stand overnight. 

Do not use ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with additives other than recommended on this label. 

Avoid spillS of concentrated product on spray equipment or airplane parts. 

IMMEDIATELY RINSE ANY SPILLS WITH PLENTY OF WATER AS ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR IS 

CORROSIVE. 

IMPORTANT; Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Planl Regulator through any type of irrigation system. 

Do not use this product for purposes other than those listed on the label. 

Do not exceed the rate of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator per acre per year recommended on this label. 

Page 3::72') 

140
SPRAY DRIFT 

Avoid spray drift. Do not apply when weather conditions may cause drift. Do not allow this product to drift on to non-target areas. Drift 

may result in illegal residues or injury to adjacent crops and vegetation, in the fOml of leaf yellowing and defoliation. To avoid spray drift, 

DO NOT apply aerially when wind speed is greater than 10 mph or during periods of temperature inversions. Use of larger droplet size 

will also reduce spray drift. 

AVOIDING SPRAY DRIFT AT THE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATOR. 

The interaction of many equipmenl-and-weather-related factors determine the potenlial for spray drift. The applicator is responsible for 

considering all these factors when making decisions. 

The following drift management requirements must be followed to avoid off-target movement from aerial applications to agricultural field 

crops. These requirements do not apply to forestry applications, public health uses or to applications using dry formulations. 

1. The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 3/4 the length of the wingspan or rotor. 

2. Nozzles must always point backward parallel with the air stream and never be pointed downwards more than 45 degrees. 

Where states have more stringent regulations, they should be obselVed. 

The applicator should be familiar with and take into account the information covered in the Aerial Drift Reduction Advisory below: 

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY 

INFORMATION ON DROPLET SIZE 

The most effective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplets. The best drift management strategy is to apply the largest 

droplets that provide sufficient coverage and control. Applying larger droplets reduces drift potential, but will not prevent drift if 

applications are made improperly, or under unfavorable environmental conditions (See Wind, Temperature and Humidity, and 

Temperature Inversions). 

CONTROLLING DROPLET SIZE 

Volume - Use high flow rate nozzles to apply the highest practical spray volume. Nozzles with higher rated flows produce larger 

droplets. 

Pressure - Do not exceed the nozzle manufacturer'S recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger 

droplets. When higher flow rates are needed, use higher flow rate nozzles instead of increasing pressure. 

Number of nozzles - Use the minimum number of nozzles that provide uniform coverage. 

Nozzle Orientation - Orienting nozzles so that the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other 

orientations and is the recommended practice. Significant deflection from horizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drift potential. 

Nozzle Type - Use a nozzle type that is designed for the intended application. With most nozzle types, narrower spray angles produce 

larger droplets. Consider using low-drift nozzles. Solid stream nozzles oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowest 

drift. 

BOOM LENGTH 

For some use patterns, reducing the effective boom length to less than 3/4 of the wingspan or rotor length may further reduce drift 

without reducing swath width. 

APPLICATION HEIGHT 

Applications should not be made at a height greater than 10 feet above the top of the target plants unless a greater height is required 

for aircraft safety. Making applications at the lowest height that is safe reduces exposure of droplets to evaporation and wind. 

SWATH ADJUSTMENT 

When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath will be displaced downwind. Therefore, on the up and downwind edges of the 

field, the applicator should compensate for this displacement by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind. Swath adjustment distance 

should increase, with increasing drift potential (higher wind, smaller drops, etc.). 

WIND 

Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds of 2 - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet size and equipment type 

determine drift potential at any given speed. Application should be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind direction and high 

inversion potential. NOTE: Local terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and 

how they affect spray drift. 

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY 

When making applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet 

evaporation is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry. 

141
TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS 

AppJlcations should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potential is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air 

mixing, which causes small suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due 

to the Jight variable winds common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increasing temperatures with altitude 

and are common on nights with limited cloud cover and light to no wind. They begin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the 

morning. Their presence can be indicated by ground fog; however, if fog is not present, inversions can also be identified by the 

movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves laterally in a concentrated 

cloud (under low wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly dissipates indicates good vertical 

air mixing. 

SENSJTlVE AREAS 

The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, 

known habitat for threatened or endangered species, non-target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive 

areas). 

EQUIPMENT CLEANING 

Because of the acidic nature of this product, prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastics, certain paints, and 

metals. 

Rinse thoroughly aJl exposed acrylic-plastic materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure to 

spray deposits. 

Page 5 of 20 

142
APPLES 

APPLES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes fruit maturity and loosens apples, making harvest by 

hand or machine easier and more efficient. ETHREL® applied in combination with FRUITONE® N to control pre-harvest drop 

stimulates early development of red color and ripening without loosening fruit. Applied to young trees, ETHREL ® 'Nill suppress 

vegetative growth and promote flower bud formation. 

Crop Situation 

FRUIT LOOSENING 

1. EARLY AND 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varietfes 

maturing with 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

2 1/2 

Specific Directions 

Apply a foliar spray to apple trees 7 to 14 

days prior to normal anticipated harvest. 

Use sufficient water for thorough uniform 

spray coverage. The type of sprayer used 

and size of trees will effect volume 

required. 

Observe fruit daily as the proper picking 

period is shorter with ETHREL ® treated 

fruit than untreated fruit. 

Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ai/A per 

season. 

Remarks 

ETHREL® provides several beneficial responses 

on apples. Depending on rate and time of 

application ETHREL ® will: promote fruit loosening, 

promote uniform ripening and coloring without 

loosening, promote thinning and return bloom, and 

increase flower bud development in young trees. 

For desired response, follow specific directions. 

Treat when air temperatures are between 60° F 

and 90° F. However, application may be made at 

50° F under rising temperature conditions. If 

daytime temperatures are wann, color response 

from ETHREL ® treatment will be reduced, but 

ripening and loosening effects will be accelerated. 

Cool weather may extend the interval between 

treatment and harvest. 

2. LATE 5 Do not allow fruit to become overripe on trees. 

MATURING Fruit intended for fresh market must be checked 

VARIETIES IN for quality and maturity. Color alone is not an 

THE EASTERN adequate guide for fruit maturity. Use a pressure 

UNITED STATES gauge or other suitable methods for determining 

(varieties internal maturity. Fruit over-matured when 

maturing late~, harvested and stored may soften sooner than 

than Mcintosh) _ untreated fruit. 

~~~~~---+------------~ 

PROMOTION OF Apply foliar spray of ETHREL ® and a 

UNIFORM preharvest drop control chemical 

RIPENING AND registered for use on apples such as the 

COLORING OF RED product FRUITON~ N. Use the 

VARIETIES preharvest drop control product according 

WiTHOUT to label directions, Begin spraying 2 to 3 

LOOSENING weeks before normal harvest period and 

about 1 to 2 weeks before desired 

1. EARLY OR 

MIDSEASON 

MATURING 

VARIETIES 

(varieties 

maturing with 

1 - 4 

harvest date. 

Apply as a normal dilute spray using 

sufficient water for thorough uniform 

coverage. Actual volume will depend on 

the type of delivery of sprayer used and 

size of trees. 

Use the lower rate for apples intended for 

1--'==-'-----+-------1 storage. 

2 - 4 Do not exceed 1.25 pounds ailA per 

Mcintosh or 

earlier) 

2. LATE 

MATURING season. 

VARIETIES 

(varietfes 

maturing later 

than Mcintosh) 

Do not apply ETHREL ® to more acreage than can 

be harvested in 1 to 2 days. 

Treated fruit can be satisfactorily held in cold air 

storage provided fruit is in good condition. 

Since recommendations for chemical control of 

preharvest drop vary according to location and 

variety, follow directions on the FRUITON~ N 

label. In addition, you may consult your local 

extension Pomologist or Horticulturist for his 

recommendations. 

Page 6 of 20 

143
APPLES 

( continued) 

ETHREL® 

Crop SItuation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

THINNING AND Treat 10 to 20 days after full bloom. Regulating cropping from one season to another is 

RETURN BLOOM For greater thinning. this product can a problem, Whenever a high percent of the spurs 

be mixed with AMID-THIN® W, and lateral buds bloom in a single season severe 

SEV1N® brand 4F Carbaryl alternate bearing can develop the following year. 

1.5 - 4 Insecticide, SEVIN® brand 80 WSP To overcome this problem ooe ETHREL® or a 

1. Most Varieties 

Carbaryl Insecticide, SEVIN® brand combination of ETHREL® plus AM1D-TH1N® W or 

80 S Carbaryl Insecticide or SEVIN® ETHREL® plus one of the SEVlN® products listed 

brand XLR Plus Carbaryl Insecticide under Specific Directions applied 7 to 21 days after 

2. Difficult to Thin 3-6 for use on apples in accordance with full bloom. The program to use will depend on the 

Varieties Such the most restrictive of the AMID· amount of thinning required and the biennial bearing 

as Golden THIN® W, SEVIN® and ETHREL® history of your orchard. 

Delicious label limitations and precautions. No Expect Red Delicious to show a reduction of "type" 

label dosage rates should be and fruit size particularly on trees under stress. 

exceeded. ETHREL® cannot be Use of higher label rates may reduce fruit size. 

mixed with any product containing a 

label prohibition against such mixing. 

Consult local extension 

recommendations. 

Addition of a non-ionic surfactant can 

enhance treatment effectiveness. 

Buffering spray solution to a pH of 3 

to 5 can improve perfoJ1T1ance where 

water is alkaline. 

Use a spray volume sufficient to 

cover trees thoroughly and unifoJ1T11 

INCREASED Spray trees thoroughly and uniformly To increase flower bud development on non-bearing 

FLOWER BUD to the point of runoff. Use the higher trees apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® 2 to 4 weeks 

DEVELOPMENT rate on more vigorous trees. after bloom. 

1. NON-BEARING 2-8 Treatment can result in excessive fruit thinning and 

TREES Treat 2 to 4 weeks after full bloom. reduced fruit size and yield reduction the year of 

usage. ETHREL ® should reduce vegetative growth 

2. BEARING 1/2~3 To help minimize fruit thinning, delay and increase flowering the following spring. Trees 

TREES application until 6 weeks after full should be large enough to support a crop of apples 

bloom and after June drop. before treatment to initiate flower buds. 

Use Limitations 

The use of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator can result in over thinning and reduced fruit size. 

Avoid double coverage and use on low vigor trees. 

Environmental factors can affect thinning and return bloom, it is advisable to obtain experience under your conditions by initially 

testing only a small percent of your trees each year with anyone program. 

User must consider risk of excessive fruit thinning and fruit size reduction when using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator on 

young trees just starting to bear. 

Treat only vigorous trees since excessive growth reduction will result on weak trees. 

For best results a thorough uniform spray is needed. A wetting agent may improve spray coverage. 

Do not graze or feed cover crops grown in treated apple orchards. 

Do not harvest apples treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 7 days after last application. 

Fruit size reduction may occur when used to obtain early maturity, especially if fruit is small at time of treatment. 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator applied earlier than 3 weeks before normal anticipated harvest may result in reduced 

fruit guality and size. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8.0 pints of this product (2.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 7 of 20 

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BLACKBERRIES 

BLACKBERRIES IN OREGON AND WASHINGTON: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will concentrate 

maturity and loosen fruit, improving harvesting efficiency while reducing cane injury from mechanical harvest. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintslAcre Specific Directions Remarks 

IN OREGON 5-8 To loosen fruit and concentrate maturity. Use ETHREL®: 1) early in the harvest season to 

AND apply a foliar spray of ETHREl ® at least 3 reduce the number of pickings or 2) treat later in 

WASHINGTON days prior to expected harvest when air the harvest season for a once-over final picking. 

(Cultivars temperatures are between 60°F and gO°F 

Chehalem and rain is not predicted within 24 hours. 

Thornless and Use sufficient volume to insure thorough 

Evergreen) and uniform wettino of foliaae and fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not spray more than can be harvested on the third day following treatment as considerable fru·rt may drop. 

Use only at recommended times and rates on healthy, vigorous plants, as a reduction in berry size may occur. Do not use on 

damaged or diseased plants. 

Do not harvest blackberries treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (21b ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

BLUEBERRIES 

BLUEBERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator concentrates maturity of blueberries for easier and more 

efficient harvest. A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will abort black barrenberry (Aronia me/anocarpa) flowers 

andlor fruit growing in Maine lowbush blueberry fields reducing the number of undesirable barren berry fruit harvested with blueberries. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation PintslAcre Specific Directions Remarks 

CONCENTRATION 4-8 Apply a foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand To concentrate first harvest, apply ETHREL® 

OF MATURITY Ethephon Plant Regulator at a rate of 4 to brand Ethephon Plant Regulator when 15 to 20% 

AND EARLIER 8 pints in 150 to 200 gallons per acre. of the berries are blue. To concentrate final 

FRUIT COLORING Use the higher spray volume and rate on harvest, treat after the first or second picking. 

{Cultivars Bluecrop, large dense foliage bushes oc when Harvest blueberries ,t proper maturlty when 

Weymouth, Jersey, temperatures are cool. Treat when air colored, generally one to two weeks after 

Rancocas, Rubel, temperatures are 60 to 900 F. treatment. Observe fruit daily as the proper 

Bluetta, Erliblue, Thorough uniform spray coverage of picking period for optimum intemal and external 

Wolcott, Croatan, follage and fruit is essential for maximum quality is shorter with ETHREL® brand Ethephon 

Murphy, Angola, fruit maturation ,,' coloration. To aid Plant Regulator treated fruit than with untreated 

Morrow, Garden uniform wetting of plants, use a wetting fruit. High temperatures (900 F) accelerate fruit 

Blue, Trifblue and agent such as Triton B-1956 at 0.5 pint ripening. 

NC901) per 100 gallons or X-77 at 2.0 pints per ETHREL® treatments may increase fruit with 

100 gallons. stems, slightly decrease fruit size, soluble solids 

and acidity. ETHREL lID may not induce internal 

ripening as rapidly as fruit color. 

BLACK 4-8 Apply 4 to 8 pints per acre of ETHREL lID Use the lower rates of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon 

BARREN BERRY brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in Plant Regulator when black barrenberries are 

CONTROL IN LOW approximately 100 to 200 gallons per acre between 90 to 100% petal fall and use the higher 

BUSH forground sprayers and approximately 10 rates of ETHREL lID when black barrenberry fruit is 

BLUEBERRIES IN gallons per acre for aerial application. 1/8 to 3/16 inch in diameter. This is generally 7 to 

MAINE Thorough uniform spray coverage i, 10 days after blueberries are in the same stages 

essential. To aid in uniform wetting of of development. Harvest blueberry fruit when 

plants, use a wetting agent such as X-77 ripe, generally 6 to 8 weeks after application. 

at 0.1% of the spray volume. 

Use Limitations 

Applications to cultivars other than those listed above may cause excessive steminess andlor premature crops. 

Make no more than one application per season. 

If used for barrenberry control in Maine, do not make a second application for blueberry concentration of maturity or coloring. 

Do not treat blueberry plants under drought stress or excessively high temperatures as defoliation and reduced yield may result. 

Page 8 of 20 

145
CANTALOUPES 

CANTALOUPES IN CALIFORNIA, ARIZONA, AND TEXAS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

abscission (slipping) of fruit allowing more efficient and economical harvesting. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

CALIFORNIA, 3 Good spray coverage " The effect will be faster at higher temperatures. Proper timing of 

ARIZONA, important for producing ETHREL® treatment is critical, but may vary from season to 

TEXAS uniform abscission, Use 40 season. Fruit quality, in terms of soluble solids and flesh color, 

or more gallons/acre foe does not improve following treatment. Therefore, ETHREL ® should 

ground "d 10 or more not be used until after fruit has developed marketable levels of 

gallons/acre for aerial soluble solids and flesh color. ETHREL® promotes abscission of 

application. (Aerial immature fruit as well as marketable fruit. Thus, using ETHREL ® applications are only too soon will result in poorly colored fruit 'Nith substandard soluble permitted in Texas.) solids. 

Be prepared to harvest Observe treated fields frequently and pick fruit when market quality abscised fruit 2 to 5 days is reached. Fruit allowed to remain in the field too long 'Nill lose after treatment. The exact quality. Some yellowing or rapid aging of vines will be seen pre-harvest interval will vary follO'Ning treatment. Plants with low vigor will not respond properly. with temperature. Be sure Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. to coordinate your 

harvesting schedule with 

your packer/shioDer. 

Use Limitations 

ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator should not be applied when night temperatures are below 60"F. 

Treat only those fruit that have a fairly uniform fruit set, have vines in good condition, and have fruit with marketable soluble solids 

and internal flesh color. Do not treat fields where soluble solids are running less than 10%. 

Do not harvest cantaloupes treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 3 pints of this product (O.75Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 9 of 20 

146
CHERRIES 

Except California 

CHERRIES: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator loosens fruit and promotes early uniform ripening, and 

reduces the shaker force needed to mechanically harvest fruit. These effects are important for increasing efficiency, recoverable yields, 

maintaining fruit quality and reducing tree injury. DO NOT USE ON CHERRIES IN CALIFORNIA. A fall application of ETHREL® to 

sweet cherries in the Pacific Northwest area increases dormant bud hardiness and delays bloom the following spring. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

TART Dilute Spray Apply " a dilute spray with sufficient water for 

CHERRIES 1 thorough, uniform coverage. The optimum spray 

volume will depend on tree size, planting density and 

equipment used. 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than tOO gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2/3 to 1 

SWEET Dilute Spray Apply a, a dilute spray with sufficient water foc Expect a longer treatment to 

CHERRIES 3 to 4 thorough uniform coverage. Actual volume will depend harvest interval with lower rates. 

(varieties such as on the type of delivery, sprayer used and size of trees. 

Windsor, Use low rates on the light or yellow-colored varieties. 

Napoleon-Royal 

Anne, Emperor 

Francis) 

Concen- Concentrate sprays, generally less than 100 gallons per 

trate Spray acre, require uniform coverage for optimum response. 

2-3 

INCREASED 3 Treat in first two weeks 01 September. A fall application of ETHREL ® will 

DORMANT increase fruit bud hardiness by 

FRUIT BUD decreasing the chance for winter 

HARDINESS injury and delaying bloom by 3 to 5 

AND DELAYED days which may help avoid frost 

SPRING BLOOM injury. Treatment of early flowering 

(Sweet Cherries varieties may delay bloom to better 

in the Pacific coincide with pollination from other 

Northwest) varieties. 

Use Limitations 

Not for use on cherries in Calilornia. 

Apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum spray volume of 50 gallons per acre. 

Do not treat too early as this can cause early fruit drop with stems attached. 

Some gummosis of cherry trees is associated with treatment. 

High temperatures during and after application may cause severe gummosis. 

Do not treat trees that had severe gummosis the previous year as tree damage will result. 

Do not apply to trees that are of low vigor or have experienced severe stress (such as winter injury, drought, or disease), since 

gummosis will be excessive, particularly when high temperatures and/ordrought follow treatment. 

If possible, irrigate orchards to prevent drought stress resulting in gummosis. 

Do not harvest cherries treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 7 days after last application. 

At the time 01 application, all fruit including those inside the tree canopy, should be in stage 3 as indicated by rapid size increase and 

the presence of ground color (change from bright green to yellow background color). Treat when air temperatures are between 60 

and 85°F. Do not treat when air temperatures exceed 85°F. Uniform coverage is important, concentrated sprays associated with 

erratic application can result in gummosis and tip dieback. 

Some early leaf yellowing and drop may be noted following application. 

Slight gummosis and individual fruit size reduction may result with fall application bud hardiness treatment. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 4.0 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 10 of 20 

147
GRAPES 

(Only in California and Arizona) 

GRAPES (TABLE GRAPES IN CALIFORNIA AND ARIZONA): An application of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes 

early unifonn color development on table grape varieties such as Cardinal, Emperor, Flame seedless, Red Malaga, Queen and Tokay 

allowing more efficient harvests of quality fruil. 

GRAPES (RAISIN PRODUCTION): A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will hasten maturity of Thompson 

seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, increased sugars and increased raisin qualily. 

Crop Situation 

TABLE GRAPES 

(such as 

Cardinal, Flame 

Seedless, Red 

Malaga, and 

Queen) 

TOKAY GRAPES 

RAISIN 

PRODUCTION 

(Thompson 

Seedless) 

Use Limitations 

Table Grapes 

ETHREL® 

Pints/Acre 

112-2 

1 -2 

1 -2 

Specific Directions 

For high temperatures conditions 

(above 85°F) use lower rates of 

1/2 to 1 pinl per acre. For low 

temperatures condiflons (but 

above 65°F) use higher rates. 

Apply in sufficient water to wet 

vines and fruit clusters uniformly, 

using convenlional ground 

sprayers. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

Treat Tokays when 5 - 15% of 

berries show color. 

Apply as a foliar spray at 5% berry 

softening. Treat when 5 - 30% of 

berries show color. 

Remarks 

Harvest fruit at desired maturity and quality as indicated by 

sugar content, acidity and color. This is generally two 

weeks or more after treatment. Watch treated areas closely 

and harvest before berries become too dark. For more 

information regarding local experiences with this product on 

grapes, consult your Fa"" Advisor DC Extension 

Viticulturist. 

A foliar spray of ETHREL® will hasten maturity of 

Thompson Seedless grapes resulting in reduced acids, 

increased sugars and increased raisin quality. For more 

information regarding local experience with this product on I grapes consullyour Farm Advisor or Extension Viticulturist. 

Rates higher than 1 pinUA may increase the incidence of cracked fruit and should be used only in areas or during weather conditions 

where grapes have been especially hard-to-color in past seasons. 

Some berry softening is associated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator treatment of some varieties Vllhich may limit or 

influence storage considerations. 

Do not store Tokays. 

Do not harvest grapes treated with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 14 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Raisin Production (Thompson Seedless) 

Do not apply to grapes under stress from insect damage or moisture stress. Observe treated vineyards closely and harvest at proper 

maturity as determined by sugar acid levels. 

Do not exceed 2 pints of this product (0.5 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 11 of20 

148
PEPPERS 

PEPPERS: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early, uniform ripening and coloring for more efficient 

packing and handling of fruit. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PEPPERS 1 tl4-4 Thorough coverage is essential. For ground or air Check several field locations to determine 

application choose equipment and spray volumes crop stage aod degree of maturity. 

that will insure uniform coverage of foliage and fruit. ETHREL® treatments may reduce total 

Use the higher rate 'Nhen cool temperatures are yields if applied too early or there is a lack 

anticipated (less than 65Q

F), when plants ace of uniform, mature, green fruit resulting 

growing vigorously or when foliage is dense to from split fruit set or variable soil cultural 

assure thorough wetting of all leaves and fruit. practices, Harvest fruit after desired color 

Use the lower rates 'Nith lo;ver spray volumes (1 1/4 and maturity, generally 14 or more days 

to 2 pint rate in 20 gallA) and higher rates with after treatment. 

higher volumes (3-4 pintSl40 gallA). The 3-4 pint 

rate in less than 40 gpa may cause foliage burn 

under hot dry conditions. 

Apply ETHREL® to bel! peppers when 10% of fruit 

are red and chocolate and to chili and pimento 

pepper varieties when 10 to 30% of fruit are red and 

chocolate and there is sufficient mature green fruit to 

produce desired tonnage. ETHREL® will not ripen 

immature, qreen fruit. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply Vllhen prolonged average high temperatures of 95°F after treatment are expected. 

Do not treat when temperatures exceed 10Q°F. Applications made under high temperatures 'Nill accentuate fruit ripening, yellowing of 

foliage, defoliation and immature fruit abscission. 

Do not treat when average temperatures are below 60°F. Low temperatures after treatment may reduce or negate the effects of 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator. 

Some yellowing and general aging of leaves will be noted after treatment. 

Do not harvest peppers treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 4 pints of this product (1.0 Ib ai ethephon) per acre per year. 

NOTE: Under certain conditions tank mixtures of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator with desiccants containing sodium 

chlorate could result in the formation of hypochlorous acids which on heating will emit toxic chloride fumes. 

Page t20f20 

149
PINEAPPLE AND SUGARCANE 

CROP AND RATE PER SPRAY 

USE ACRE VOLUME APPLICATION TIMING SPECIFIC COMMENTS RESTRICTIONS I 

PINEAPPLE 

Flower Induction t to 2 pints 100 to 500 'Bearing age' about 12 Proper rate will vary with Do oot graze pineapple 

ETHREL ® applied to gallA months after planting. local growing conditions, forage treated with 

pineapple plants will Generally about 6 months varieties, plantation ETHREL® Do not harvest 

stimulate uniform prior to desired harvest. management practices pineapples treated with 

initiation of flowering. and time of year. Use the ETHREL® sooner than 2 

higher rate where earlier days after the last 

harvest is desired. Apply application. when plneapple foliage is 

d". 

Maturity 1/2 to 2 tOO to 300 When the first fruit begin U,e a broadcast spray, 

Concentration pints gallA to change color. thoroughly cover both 

ETHREL® application foliage and fruit. Use the 

will stimulate uniform higher rate during periods 

shell color of cool or cloudy weather 

development when normal ripening has 

slowed. 

SUGARCANE 

Flower Prevention 1/2 pint 7 gallA Just prior to flower Apply by fixed wing oc Do not harvest sugarcane 

ETHREL® application minimum initiation. helicopter using equip- treated with ETHREL® 

will prevent or reduce ment designed to give sooner thao 2 months 

flowering and pithy uniform coverage. after the last application. 

tissue formation. Actual biomass increase Do not graze sugarcane 

will be affected by the time forage treated with 

Biomass Increase between treatment aod ETHREL®. 

ETHREL ® used to harvest. 

prevent flowering can Consider anticipated also result in ceincreased biomass coverable sugars as well 

accumulation and as biomass to determine 

recoverable sugar optimum harvest date. For Use in Hawaii Only. 

yield. """-_ .... 

Page t3 of 20 

150
TOBACCO 

(Flue-Cured Only) 

TOBACCO (FLUE.CURED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator promotes early. uniform "yellowing" of mature 

tobacco. ETHREL ® reduces curing time, allowing more efficient use of curing barn space, and increased control over harvest 

schedules, 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator increases the capacity of the curing barn by shortening the curing time and allows 

adjustments in harvest schedules. ETHREL ® can be used as a directed spray to the bottom or middle portion of the tobacco plant or as 

an over-Ihe-top spray. ETHREL ® is not intended or recommended for use on immature tobacco. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions 

DIRECTED 4 Use drop nozzles. Choose TG or DC spray tips designed to apply 50 - 60 gpa at 35-40 psi and at 

SPRAY tractor speed of 2-3 mph. Use 2 nozzles per row; one on each side of the row dropped low 

APPLICATION enough to direct the spray to the leaves to be ripened and harvested. Thorough spray 

coverage is essentiaL With a directed spray, be sure to harvest all leaves with 20% or more 

vellowina. 

OVER-THE-TOP 4-8 Treat only when leaves remaining on the stalk are mature. To ensure remaining leaves are 

APPLICATION mature, test spray several tobacco plants as described under the section "Application Timing". 

Use the lower rate in a normally mature crop when experience indicates that minimum ripening 

inducement is required. Use the higher rate when the crop is heavy and has a tendency to be 

more rank or when temperatures are lower than normal. Always test spray to determine if the 

tobacco is mature enough to respond to treatment with ETHREL ®. 

Apply over-the-top ETHREL® spray as a fine mist using three nozzles (one nozzle tips over the 

center of the plant, and one on each side) to assure all leaves are covered thoroughly, similar to 

the application pattern of systemic sucker control agents. Use a spray pressure of 40 to 60 psi. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to immature leaves as this can result in unsatisfactory coloring, weight 

loss and reduced leaf quality. 

Do not allow the crop to over ripen in the field after using ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator, since this may cause some 

reduction in yield and quality. 

Do not treat before anticipated major storm which could prevent harvest and result in crop loss. 

Do not apply ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator jf rain is expected within 6 hours. 

Do not harvest tobacco treated with ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 2 days after application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 8 pints of this product (2 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

APPLICATION TIMING 

Successful results with ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator call for treatment when leaves are mature, not overly rank green 

when sprayed. To easily determine the proper treatment timing and the number of leaves per stalk ready for harvest, test spray several 

plants in more than one location in each field and observe the response. Mature leaves will begin to yellow in 24 to 72 hours. Test 

leaves that fail to yellow in 72 hours are not mature and are not ready for ETHREL® treatment. Wait a few days to permit further natural 

maturing, then make another test spray or "maturity" check. 

Determine acres to treat by first confirming the number of leaves per plant that will color, then use barn capacity to calculate the number 

of acres to treat. 

A test spray can be prepared by mixing 4 teaspoons of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator in 1 quart of water. Apply about t 

ounce to each test plant covering all leaves with a fine mist. ETHREL ® will not color immature leaves. 

To avoid quality loss and or possible leaf drop, harvest any yellowed leaves prior to application. Use lower rates under most conditions. 

Limit use of higher rates to cool (below 65°F at the time of treatment) slow ripening conditions. 

WHEN TO HARVEST 

All mature, sprayed leaves will begin to color within 24 to 72 hours after ETHREL® application. The yellowing process is weather 

dependent; cool weather will delay, while hot, sunny weather can speed up the process. Harvest treated tobacco when leaves have 

reached the desired color intenSity. 

Page 14 of 20 

151
Harvest can commence 48 hours after ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator application. To determine harvest timing and avoid 

quality loss or leaf drop, closely monitor treated crop and weather conditions. 

CURING ETHREL® BRAND ETHEPHON PLANT REGULATOR TREATED TOBACCO 

Curing procedures are as much an art as a science and each cure must be judged on the basis of tobacco condition, interval between 

treatment and harvest, weather and type of curing facility before prescription temperature and ventilation schedules can be established. 

To obtain maximum quality, care must be taken to observe and control the curing process closely, especially during the late "coloring" 

and early "drying" stages of the leaf. 

Ethephon treated tobacco will have started the coloring process when harvested, reducing the time required in the coloring phase of 

curing. Treated tobacco should be dried faster. If tobacco leaves are green or contain some green when harvested, it may be necessary 

to color them for a few hours. If the leaves are completely yellow, temperature and ventilation must be adjusted in a manner to dry the 

tobacco as fast as possible without scalding. Once the leaf is dried (3/4 dry), you should follow normal procedures for curing. Since 

ETHREL® treated leaves cure faster, treated and untreated leaves should not be cured together in the same barn. 

TOMATOES 

TOMATOES (PROCESSED): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates and concentrates tomato 

ripening increasing recoverable fruit yield from a once-over harvest. Plant Regulator application starts the normal ripening process 

earlier and increases the rate of ripening of mature green fruit concentrating maturity. Concentrated maturity enables high recoverable 

yields of ripe tomatoes in once-over harvest. Early concentrated maturity extends the normal harvest season and helps growers 

schedule harvest and handling more effectively. 

TOMATOES (FRESH MARKET IN CALIFORNIA): A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator accelerates tomato 

ripening increasing the early yields of marketable ripe fruit. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 11/4-31/4 Apply 1 Xi to 3 Xi pints per acre of Apply ETHREL ® when desired tonnage of fruit has 

TOMATOES ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant reached marketable size eod maturity. Check fields 

Early and Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons closely for stage and degree of uniform maturity prior to 

Midseason Crops per acre for ground application and a application. Sample several plants throughout the field to 

or Warm minimum of 10 gallons per acre for determine proper spray date. Sort, weigh and calculate 

Conditions aerial application. Apply when 5% to the percent fruit which is red and pink, including breakers. 

15% of the fruit in the field are red Fruit size alone is not an adequate indicator. Observe 

and pink (including breakers) and specific directions to determine treatment stage for your 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to situation. Walk treated fields frequently to evaluate crop 

produce the desired tonnage. condition. Maintain normal cultural practice between 

Under high temperatures (above 85 treatment and harvest. Timely harvest is essential for 

F), rates as low as f 114 pints/acre maximum return of high quality fruit. Consult processor 

can be effective. representatives concerning delivery schedules eod 

Thorough coverage is essential. Foe quotas prior to application of ETHREL ®. 

ground or air application choose Consult your local Bayer CropScience Representative, 

eqUipment and spray volumes that Extension Horticultural Specialist or Farm Advisor for 

will assure uniform spray coverage of suggestions on the proper use of ETHREL ® when fields 

foliage eod fruit. Overdosing from have variable plant vigor due to differences in soil 

overlapping swaths or spray nozzle conditions or cultural practices and for rates of fruit 

patterns can cause severe foliage ripening as affected by temperature, within the rate and 

injury. If bands are sprayed over the timing limitations shown on the label. 

row, reduce the amount of ETHREL® 

used '0 proportion to the area 

actually treated. 

Observe treated fields closely eod 

harvest fruit at proper maturity. 

Page 15 of 20 

152
TOMATOES 

(continued) 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Pints/Acre Specific Directions Remarks 

PROCESS 31/4-61/2 Apply 3 :v. to 6 Y:i pints per acre of ETHREl® brand Harvest at proper maturity. 

TOMATOES Ethephon Plant Regulator in a minimum of 20 gallons per Temperatures above gO°F may 

Late Season or acre for ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons cause fruit to ripen sooner whereas 

Coastal Crops or per acre for aerial application. Apply when 5% to 30% of temperatures below 65° F retard 

Cool Conditions fruit in the field are red and pink (including breakers) and natural color development and may 

there is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired extend the time between treatment 

tonnage. Maximum response is achieved when fruit to be and harvest. 

treated is 5 to 15% pink and red. Use the higher rate of 

ETHREL ® when nighttime temperatures are cool (below 

65°F) or vegetative growth is dense. Thorough coverage is 

essential. For ground or air application choose equipment 

and sorav volumes that 'hi)) assure uniform sorav coveraoe 

FRESH MARKET 1114-5 Apply ETHREL ® when desired tonnage of fruit has reached Check treated fruit frequently and 

TOMATOES marketable size and maturity, generally 3 to 6 days before harvest at desired maturity. Whe, 

California desired harvest date. Expect only one harvest from treated programming harvest, spray a 

areas. different block each day aod 

Apply 1 Y. to 5 pints per acre of ETHREL® brand Ethephon harvest blocks daily in the same 

Plant Regulator in a minimum of 40 gallons per acre for sequence. 

ground application and a minimum of 10 gallons per acre 

for aerial application. Thorough coverage is essential. For 

ground or air application choose equipment and spray 

volumes that will assure uniform spray coverage 

Use the higher rate and longer preharvest interval on late 

season crops, when temperatures are cool (generally below 

85°F) and foliage is dense. Under high temperatures, rates 

as low as 1 1/4 pints per acre have been effective while 

reducing foliage damage particularly on more sensitive 

varieties - see above. 

Use Limitations 

Do not apply before1here is sufficient mature green fruit to produce the desired tonnage. ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator 

will not ripen immature green fruit. 

Some yellowing and general aging of foliage may be observed following treatment. 

Do not treat plants with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Treatment of weak plants will result in rapid loss of foliage cover increasing sunburn and sun scald potential, especially under high 

temperature conditions. 

Do not treat when sustained temperatures above 105°F are anticipated. 

Do not treat sensitive varieties during period when temperatures exceed 100°F. Foliar damage is more severe on certain varieties 

such as VF 10, VF 315, VF 145, 21-4, and 13L. During periods of high temperatures use the lower rates on sensitive varieties. 

Do not tank mix with sun protection products, sun protection whiteners, spray adjuvants or other additives. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to more acreage than can be harvested in 2 to 3 days. 

Do not apply ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator to varieties known to soften rapidly or shatter when ripe. 

Do not use on greenhouse tomatoes. 

Do not harvest tomatoes treated with Ethrel@brand Ethephon Plant Regulator sooner than 3 days after last application. 

Follow use rates listed above for labeled uses. Do not exceed 6.5 pints of this product (1.63 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

Page 16 of 20 

153
WALNUTS 

WALNUTS IN CALIFORNIA: A foliar spray of ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will loosen walnuts for increased efficiency of 

mechanical harvest, promote earlier harvest, improve hull removal, and increase recoverable yields from a once~over harvest 

Crop ETHREL® Specific Directions Situation PintsfAcre 

Expect best results with spray concentrations of 

California 3-5 300 to 900 ppm. Refer to spray ETHREL® 

preparation chart below. Under low 

temperatures andfor low humidity conditions 

use the higher label rates. Expect less time 

between application and harvest with higher 

label rates. 

For best results treat when air temperatures are 

between 60~F aod 95~F. Expect reduced 

effectiveness if above gO°F with low humidity 

due to spray evaporation. 

Thorough uniform coverage of walnut hulls is 

essential foc maximum hull split and nut 

loosening response. Choose equipment that 

provides maximum spray penetration of the 

entire tree canopy. U" large air carrier 

sprayers 'Nhere tree size jeopardizes coverage. 

Or volute sprayer attachments may help. 

USE LIMITATIONS 

Treatment prior to packing tissue brown (mature) stage may reduce nut quality. 

Some leaf drop is associated with treatment. 

Remarks 

Walnuts are mature when the packing tissue 

between kernel halves completes browning. 

Collect nut samples from throughout the tree 

canopy when determining percent nut maturity. 

Advancing Harvest - Apply when 95-100% of the 

nuts have reached maturity. Inspect frequently 

aod harvest a, soon a, adequate hullability 

occurs generally 10-16 days after treatment 

depending 00 variety and weather conditions. 

Plan second shake 10-12 days after first shake. 

Once Over Harvest - Variety, growing conditions 

and weather affect maturity and the opportunity 

for once over harvest. Contact a local fieldman or 

Farm Advisor to determine if once over harvest 

cao ba expected ;0 your situation. Apply to 

mature walnuts 1 0 days prior to expected harvest 

date. Expect actual harvest to range from 7- t2 

days after treatment. 

Do not treat diseased, low vigor or moisture stressed trees as excessive leaf drop may occur. 

Assure that dosage rates are measured accurately since rates higher than recommended may result in tree injury (such as 

excessive defoliation, reduced catkin formaUon and twig dieback). 

Do not harvest walnuts treated with ETHREL ® sooner than 5 days after last application. 

Do not exceed 5 pints of this product (1.25 Ib ethephon) per acre per year. 

ETHREL@SPRAY PREPARATION CHART 

Sl2ra~ Volume (gallons/acre) 

ETHREL® Rate 100 200 300 400 

PintsfA LbsfA Concentration (pl2m) 

3 0.75 900 450 300 -- 4 1.00 --- 600 400 300 

5 1.25 -- 750 500 375 

500 

-

---

300 

Page 17 of20 

154
MISTLETOE REMOVAL 

DWARF AND LEAFY MISTLETOE REMOVAL: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will remove dwarf 

mistletoe shoots in ornamental conifers and leafy mistletoe from ornamental deciduous trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount 

DWARF 2 pints 

MISTLETOE ON pee 

ORNAMENTAL 20 gallons 

CONIFERS 

DOUGLAS FIR 1 pint 

ORNAMENTALS pee 

20 gallons 

LEAFY 2 quarts 

MISTLETOE pee 

ON 20 gallons 

ORNAMENTAL 

DECIDUOUS 

TREES 

Specific Directions Remarks 

Apply as a foliar spray to dwarf Applications made in conjunction with sylvicultural 

mistletoe shoots before mistletoe mistletoe management will prevent spread of the 

seed dispersal. Foe effective mistletoe parasite to other parts of the tree and 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must other trees. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a non- Mature needle drop, that normally occurs in the ionic surfactant at recommended fall, may be hastened by the use of ETHREL ®. rates may increase effectiveness. 

Treat any mistletoe regrowth before Applications of higher rates on Douglas fir may 

seed dispersal. result in excessive needle drop. 

Make applications after fall leaf drop Large mistletoe infections and mistletoe found in 

through mid-winter. Foe effective mesquite may be difficult to control with a single 

removal, all mistletoe shoots must application and retreatment may be necessary. 

be sprayed to wet. Use of a nonionic surfactant at recommended 

rates may increase effectiveness. 

Any mistletoe regrowth should be 

treated during the labeled 

application window. 

FRUIT ELIMINATION 

(Ornamental Use Only) 

UNDES!RABLE FRU!T ELIMINATION: A foliar spray of ETHREL® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator will reduce or eliminate 

undesirable fruit development on apple, crabapple, carob and olive trees. 

ETHREL® 

Crop Situation Amount Specific Directions Remarks 

APPLES 8 to 12 ounces Apply as a foliar spray at the flower Application must be made before fruit set for best 

CRABAPPLES pee bud to full bloom stage, prior to fruit results. 

set. Wet foliage thoroughly. Over Do not treat weak trees or trees under stress 20 gallons application of ETHREL® Plant (drought, insect or disease damaged trees) as 

Do not exceed 12 Regulator can result in excessive excessive leaf drop or twig drop can result. 

ounces (0.15 oz. leaf drop andlor tree defoliation. 

ai/gallon) per U,e higher rates when Some leaf drop or temporary leaf yellowing may 

application. temperatures are cool. occur after treatment. 

CAROB 6 ounces App!y a, a foliar spray. Wet all Do not use on small eed fruited varieties of 

(Cerafonia siliqua) pee foliage thoroughly. Amount of spray crabapple a, fruit elimination will oot be 

20 qallons 

will depend on tree size. satisfactory. 

OllVE* 12 ounces 

(Olea europaea) pee 

20 qallons 

*This recommendation is not intended to be used on commercial fruit production as a thinning agent. 

Page 18 of 20 

155
TURF 

An application of Ethrel slows the growth of turfgrasses thus reducing the required frequency of mowing and the volume of clippings 

collected. 

SITES RATE APPLICATION SPRAY VOLUME 

Fairways, Roughs & Commercial 6f1ozJ1,QOOsqft Apply to actively growing turf. !t will 0.5-4.0 galsf1,OOO sq ft 

Turfgrasses, including Bentgrass require 7-10 days for ETHREL® to 

(Fairway cut), Kentucky act. Reapplicatfon intervals: 

Bluegrass, Perennial Ryegrass, Kentucky Bluegrass-7 wks. 

Tall & Fine Fescue Perennial Ryegrass-7 wks. 

TalifFine Fescue-4 wks. 

8enlQrass-4 wks. 

Use Limitations: 

Do not allow entry to treated areas until sprays have dried. 

For best results, apply with sprayer in sufficient volume of water to provide uniform coverage. ETHREL® is foliarly absorbed. 

Apply only to actively growing turf, under favorable growing conditions, that is not going into a dormancy period. Do not treat turfgrass 

with poor root systems or growing under stress due to poor soil conditions, drought, disease or insect damage. 

Do not apply to golf course greens. 

Use of spreaders/stickers with ETHREL® is not necessary. 

ETHREL® is an acidic product and prolonged exposure to spray deposits will damage acrylic plastics. certain paints and metals. 

Rinse thoroughly all exposed acrylic plasUc materials and painted surfaces with a detergent and water within one hour after exposure 

to spray deposits. 

Test tankmixes with other products on a small area before using widely. 

Page 19 of 20 

156
IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE 

Read the entire Directions for Use, Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of Liability before using this product. If terms 

are not acceptable, return the unopened product container at once. 

By using this product, user or buyer accepts the following Conditions, Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitations of Liability. 

CONDITIONS: The directions for use of this product are believed to be adequate and must be followed carefully. However, it is 

impossible to eliminate all risks associated with the use of this product. Crop injury, ineffectiveness or other unintended consequences 

may result because of such factors as weather conditions, presence of other materials, or the manner of use or application, all of which 

are beyond the control of Bayer CropScience LP. AI! such risks shall be assumed by the user or buyer. 

DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP MAKES 

NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 

OR OTHERWISE, THAT EXTEND BEYOND THE STATEMENTS MADE ON THIS LABEL No agent of Bayer CropScience LP is 

authorized to make any warranties beyond those contained herein or to modify the warranties contained herein. TO THE EXTENT 

CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FOR SPECIAL, 

INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS PRODUCT. 

LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY: TO THE EXTENT CONSISTENT WITH APPLICABLE LAW, THE EXCLUSIVE REMEDY OF THE 

USER OR BUYER FOR ANY AND ALL LOSSES, INJURIES OR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF THIS 

PRODUCT, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, WARRANTY, TORT, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, SHALL NOT 

EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID, ORAT BAYER CROPSCIENCE LP'S ELECTION, THE REPLACEMENT OF PRODUCT. 

NET CONTENTS: 

ETHREL is a registered trademark of Bayer. 

Produced for 

Bayer CropScience 

P.O. Box t2014, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive 

Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 

ETHREL ® brand Ethephon Plant Regulator (Pending) 01f20f10. 

Page 20 of 20 

157
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460 

OFFICE OF 

PREVENTION, PESTICIDES 

AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES 

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: 24 JUNE 2009 

SUBJECT: ETHEPHON-Human, Occupational ExposurefRisk Assessment for the 

Use of Ethephon on Greenhouse Tomatoes 

PC Code: 

MRIDNo.: 

Petition No.: 

0998011 

None 

None 

DP Barcode: 0366154 

EPA Reg. No. 264-267 

Regulatory Action: Section 24(c) 

Assessment Type: ORE 

TXR No.: None 

Reregistration Case No.: None 

CAS No.: None 

FROM: 

THROUGH: 

TO: 

Mark I. Dow, Ph.D., Biologist ~A -u 

Alternate Risk Integration Asstlf~!;:am (ARIA) 

Risk Integration Minor Use & Emergency Response Branch (RIMUERB) 

Registration Division (RD) 7505P 

John C. Redden, ARIA Team Leader 

RlMUERB/RD 7505P 

Tony Kish 

Herbicides Branch 

RD 7505P 

INTRODUCTION 

Under provisions in Section 24( c) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide 

Act (FIFRA), as amended, the Bayer CropScience LP has requested registration of the 

plant growth regulator ethephon for use on "large-fruited greenhouse tomatoes" in the 

State of Pennsylvania. 

The risk assessment techniques used in this document are those that have been developed 

and refined by the RED/Office of Pesticide Programs' Science Policy Council for 

Exposure (ExpoSAC). RD herein utilizes the same techniques as are HED's standard 

operating procedures (SOP). 

158
USE PATTERN SUMMARY 

The product for which 24(c) registration has been requested is ETHREL ® brand 

Ethephon Plant Growth Regulator, EPA Reg. No. 264-267. Chemically, ethephon is 

known as [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid]. ETHREL ® is formulated as a 2.0 Ib active 

ingredient (ai) per gallon liquid. According to draft 24(c) Supplemental Labeling, the use 

is intended for "large-fruited greenhouse tomatoes (greater than 1" in diameter)". "Lateseason" applications should be made when fruit are of marketable size. The rate of 

application is 1.25 - 5.0 pints of fonnulationiA (0.3125-1.25 Ib ail A). For these 

applications, the material may be sprayed on the plant foliage or "painted" on with a 

brush or sponge on the stem in the area just below the fruit. Higher rates should be used 

for brush/sponge applications. 

"Directional applications" may be made to aid in unifonn maturation of cluster tomatoes 

or individual fruit with irregular maturation. In this case, applications should be made 

directly to fruit. The label stated rate of application is 0.15-3.5 ml formulationiL of spray 

(0.005-0.12 fl ozJO.56 pint) It should be buffered to a pH of 6.0. 

There is a 24 hour preharvest interval (PHI). 

OCCUPATIONAL PESTICIDE HANDLER EXPOSURE 

Based upon the proposed use pattern, RD believes the most highly exposed occupational 

pesticide handlers will be I) mixer/loader/applicators using open-pour loading of liquid 

fonnulation and applying with low pressure hand-wand sprayers and 2) 

mixer/loader/applicators using the "paint brush" or "sponge on" method of application. 

RD also believes occupational handlers will be exposed to short-tenn duration exposures 

(l - 30 days). Private (Le., grower) applicators may perfonn all functions, that is, mix, 

load and apply the material. The ExpoSAC SOP Number 12 (29 March 2000) directs 

that although the same individual may perform all those tasks, they shall be assessed 

separately. The available exposure data for combined mixer/loader/applicator scenarios 

are limited in comparison to the monitoring of these activities separately. These 

exposure scenarios are outlined in the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (PHED) 

Surrogate Exposure Guide (August 1998). HED has adopted a methodology to present 

the exposure and risk estimates separately for the job functions in some scenarios and to 

present them as combined in other cases. Most exposure scenarios for hand-held 

equipment (such as hand wands, backpack sprayers, and push-type granular spreaders) 

are assessed as a combined job function. With these types of hand held operations, all 

handling activities are assumed to be conducted by the same individual. The available 

PHED and other exposure data support this and HED presents them in this way. 

Conversely, for equipment types such as fixed-wing aircraft, grOlmd-boom tractors, or 

air-blast sprayers, the applicator exposures are assessed and presented separately from 

those of the mixers and loaders. By separating the job functions, HED/RD detennine the 

most appropriate levels of personal protective equipment (PPE) for each aspect of the job 

without requiring an applicator to wear unnecessary PPE that might be required for a 

2 

159
mixerlloader (e.g., chemical resistant gloves may only be necessary during the pouring of 

a liquid formulation). 

No chemical specific data were available with which to assess potential exposure to 

pesticide handlers. The estimates of exposure to pesticide handlers are based upon 

surrogate study data available in the PHED (v. 1.1, 1998). For pesticide handlers, it is 

HED standard practice to present estimates of dermal exposure for "baseline" that is, for 

workers wearing a single layer of work clothing consisting of a long-sleeved shirt, long 

pants, shoes plus socks and no protective gloves as well as for "baseline" and the use of 

protective gloves or other PPE as might be necessary. The product label directs 

applicators and other handlers must wear long-sleeved shirt, long pants, shoes plus socks, 

chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or 

polyvinyl chloride and protective eyewear. However, due to the nature of this material, 

estimates of exposure are made only for handlers wearing protective gloves, i.e., PHED 

data are used only from occupational pesticide handlers wearing gloves. 

The toxicological factors used in this assessment are taken from: Memo, B. Daiss, 10 

MAY 2006, DP Code 280690, "HED Risk Assessment for Tolerance Reassessment 

Eligibility Decision D328666 .... " In the Agency's 2006 assessment, dermal 

toxicological endpoints were not determined. The Agency stated: "The dermal exposure 

scenario was not assessed because ethephon is highly corrosive and systemic effects were 

seen only at 150 mglkg/day, doses that would cause severe damage to the skin (i.e., the 

corrosive nature of ethephon is expected to preclude dermal exposures at levels that may 

cause systemic effects). At dermal doses above 150 mglkg/day, ethephon is corrosive to 

the skin. In a range finding study, dermally applied ethephon was lethal above 500 

mglkglday and was a severe irritant at 500 mglkg/day. In the main 21-Day rabbit dermal 

toxicity study ethephon produced no systemic toxicity at 150 mglkglday or less, but 

caused local dennal toxicity at doses of25 mg/kglday and above. Since ethephon is 

dermally corrosive, exposures at levels high enough to cause systemic toxicity are not 

expected. Therefore, risk assessment of dermal exposures to ethephon would not be 

applicable. 

The HED Hazard Identification Assessment Review Committee (HIARC) selected an 

inhalation toxicological endpoint from a 28 day human clinical study based upon 

cholinergic signs in humans of both sexes following daily bolus dosing (capsule) at the 

Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) of 1.8 mg/kg/day. The effects seen 

were:diarrhea and increased urgency and frequency of urination, loose stools, stomach 

cramps or gas. The LOAEL is appropriate for all duration exposures i.e., shortintennediate- and long-term exposures. Since a Low Observed Adverse Effect Level is 

used versus a "No" effect level, an additional uncertainty factor (UF) of3X is applied. A 

traditional lOX UF is applied for intraspecies variation. Thus, a Margin of Exposure of 

30 does not exceed the Agency's level of concern for potential exposures and risks. See 

Table 1.0 for a summary of estimated occupational exposures and risks. 

3 

160
The Agency's 2006 assessment notes: "Ethephon has been tested in rats and mice for 

oncogenic effects and was found negative." Therefore a cancer risk assessment is not 

necessary. 

Table 1.0 Summary of Exposure & Risk to Occupational Handlers From Applying Ethephon to Greenhouse 

Grown Tomatoes 

Unit Exposure I Applic. Rate 1 Units I Avg. Daily Exposure I MOE 

mg ai/lb handled Ib ailunit TreatedJ mg ailkg bw/day 

Mixer/Loader/Applicator ~ Liquid ~ Open Pour 

Low~pressure /landwand 

lnha!. 0.Q3 

I 1.25. I 2 Alday jlnhal. 0.00107 1

1700 

Ib ailA 

Paint brusll Application 

Inhal. 0284 2.0 Ib ailgal 2 cral/day Inhal. 0.0162 110 

I. Unit Exposures are taken from "PHED SURROGA'fE EXPOSURE GUIDE", Estimates of Worker Exposure from 

The Peslieide Handler Exposure Database Version 1.1, August 1998. Inhal. "" Inhalation. Units"" mg a.i./pound of 

active ingredient handled. Unit Exposure for Paint brush method is listed in HEDs Standard Ope/ating Procedures lor 

Residcntial Exposure Assessments Appendix B, page B-12. 

2. Applie. Rate. "" Taken from 24(c) draft label. 

3. Units Treated are taken from "Standard Values for Daily Acres Treated in Agriculturc'"; ExpoSAC SOP No.9.!. 

Revised 5 July 2000; as derived from product label. The label suggests a spray volumc 0[20 gallA for field grown 

tomatoes. The SOP indicates 40 gallons per day may be applied via low-pressure hand-wand. Thus 40 gal/day ~ 20 

gallA = 2 Alday. Paint brush nlethod from Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) tor Residential Exposure 

Assessments. 18 DEC 1997, P 62 Section 6.0 "Painting and Wood Preservative Treatments 

4. Average Daily Dose = Unit Exposurc * Applie. Rate * Units Trealed -;.- 70 kg Body Weight 

5. MOE = Margin of Exposure = LOAEL -;.- ADD. 

A MOE of30 is adequate to protect occupational pesticide handlers from exposures to 

ethephon. The estimated MOEs are all > 30. Therefore, the proposed use does not 

exceed RD's level of concern. 

POST-APPLICATION EXPOSURE TO AGRICULTURAL WORKERS 

It is possible for agricultural workers to have post-application exposure to pesticide 

residues during the course of typical agricultural activities. Following the precedent set 

in the Agency's 2006 assessment, post~application dermal exposure to workers reentering 

treated areas are anticipated based on the use patterns of ethephon. However, since 

dermal exposure at doses that may cause systemic effects are not expected due to the high 

corrosivity of ethephon, no quantitative assessment was conducted. The ETHREL ® 

product label lists a 48-hour restricted entry interval (REI), with an increase to 72~hours 

when it is applied outdoors in arid areas. It should be noted that the preharvest interval 

listed on the draft 24c label is 24 hours. 

RESTRICTED ENTRY INTERVAL (REI) 

Ethephon is classified in Acute Toxicity Category IV for Acute Inhalation. It is classified 

in Category III for acute delTI1al toxicity. It is classified in Category I for Primary eye 

irritation and Primary skin irritation. It is listed as a delTI1al nonsensitizer. Therefore the 

4 

161
interim Worker Protection Standard (WPS) REI of 48 hr is adequate to protect agricultural 

workers from post-application exposures. The product label lists a 48 hr REI. 

5 

162
ATTACHMENT 

, 

Acute Toxicitv of Etheohon 

Guideline 

No. Study Type MRlD#(S). I Results Toxici!y Category 

i 870.1100 Acule Ora! , 41154501 LDso"'" 3030 mglkg III I 

, 

870.1200 Acute Dermal 4[154502 LDso = 1560 mglkg 111 i 

, ---.j 

870.1300 Acute Inhalation 41154504 LC,o = 4.53 mgfL I IV 

870.2400 Primary Eye Irritation Not required Assumed Corrosive I 

870.2500 Pnmary Skin Irritation 00029514 Corrosive 

870.2600 Dermal Sensilizalion 41 [54503 Nonscnsitizer Nonscnsitizcr 

Summary ofToxicologicaJ Dose and Endpoints for Ethephon for Use in Human Risk Assessment 

Exposure Scenario Dose used in FQPA SF and Study and Toxicological Endpoint 

Risk Assessment Endpoint for Risk 

UF Assessment 

Acute Dietal)' LOAEL~ 1.8 FQPASF~ 1 28-Day Human Clinical Study LOAEL = 1.8 

general QOQulation mg/kg/day aPAD~ -.lJ> mg/kg/day based on diarrhea and increased 

UF~30 30 urgency and frequency of urination, loose 

~ 0.06 mg/kg/day stools, stomach cramps or gas 

LOAEL - 1.8 FQPASF-I 28-Day Human Clinical Study LOAEL - 1.8 

Chronic Dietary mg/kg/day aPAD ~ lJ! mglkglday based on diarrhea and increased 

general QOQulation UF~30 30 urgency and frequency of urination, loose 

~ 0.06 mg/kg/day stools, stomach cramps or gas 

Short/intennediate-Tenn LOAEL- 1.8 LOC for MOE~ 30 28-Day Human Clinical Study LOAEL = 1.8 

Incidental Oral mg/kg/day mg/kglday based on diarrhea and increased 

(I day - I month) urgency and frequency of urination, loose 

stools, stomach cramps or gas 

Short-Tenn Dennal 

(I day - I month) Not Applicable - No exposure effects expected due to demlal corrosivity of ethephon 

Short/in tenned/long -T enn LOAEL~ 1.8 LOC for MOE~ 30 28-Day Human Clinical Study LOAEL = 1.8 

Inhalation mglkg/day Short-Term for mg/kg/day based on diarrhea and increased 

(1-30 days, 1-6 mas, > 6 Residential urgency and frequency of urination, loose 

mas) and Occupational stools, stomach cramps or gas 

Summary of Toxicity taken from: Memo, B. Daiss, 10 MAY 2006, DP Code 280690, 

"HED Risk Assessment for Tolerance Reassessment Eligibility Decision D328666 .... " 

cc:MDow(RIMUERB) 

RDl:J. Redden. K. Lowe 

M. LDow:S7824:PY I :(703)305-5533: RIMUER8:7 505 P 

6 

163
ETHEPHON: MAGNITUDE OF THE RESIDUE ON TOMATO 

(GREENHOUSE) 

IR-4 PR No. 00250 

Data Requirement 

U.S. EPA OPPTS 860 Series Guidelines 

Author 

Keith Dorschner, Ph.D. 

IR-4 Project 

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 

500 College Road East, Suite 201 W 

Princeton, NJ 08540 

Study Completed on 

See page 7 for Study Director's signature 

Performing Laboratories 

See page 5 for list of performing laboratories 

Analytical Laboratory Identification Number 

00250.05-NYR08 

Field Identification Numbers 

00250.05-C0I3 00250.05-FL37 00250.05-TX25 

Ethephon: Magnitude oftM Residue on Tomalo (Greenhouse) !R-4 PR No. 00250 Page 1 of 139 

164
Pages 165-302 - *Access to FIFRA health and safety data is restricted under FIFRA section 10(g)