# Patent

## Title
Data processing recovery system and method spanning multiple operating system

## Abstract

A system and method for recovering from a computer system crashing as a result of the storage disk suffering physical damage and/or the corruption of an application, operating system, and/or data. The computer system may be standalone or a part of a communication network. The computer includes a hard disk storage divided into a primary partition containing a unique operating system for executing application programs and a recovery partition containing a unique operating system for executing application programs and for backup data storage. A boot track storing a boot manager, a backup status information file for establishing communication between the operating systems of the primary and recovery partitions, and a status validation file verifying the integrity of the backup status information file.

## Background
This patent application is a divisional patent application of prior patent application Ser. No. 10/267,492 filed Oct. 9, 2002, and issuing as U.S. Pat. No. 7,024,581 on Apr. 4, 2006.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a system and method of recovering from corruption in data in computer disk storage or physical damage thereto. More particularly, the present invention relates to recovery by either of two operating systems installed in different partitions of the storage and utilizing elements in a boot track for establishing communication between the operating systems and backup/restore program segments associated with each operating system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates, in general, to the field of managed recovery technology within the computer industry. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system, method, and computer program for backing up and restoring computer data. In addition, the present invention is integral in safeguarding computers from corruptions such as software viruses, user errors, and other catastrophes by storing backup data in a protected storage area. This protected storage area is hidden from the end user and the computer's primary operating system so that the backup data remains impervious to the programs and processes performed within the primary partition.
Computers are used for a variety of tasks including performing calculations, sending and receiving electronic mail, accessing the Internet, and more. Integral to the value of a computer is its ability to write data to a storage media and then read, or retrieve, this data at a later point in time. Therefore, the value of a computer system is directly related to the reliability and integrity of this data. With this said, dependable data storage is a crucial aspect of modern computer usage.
For example, a retail store's point of sale computer typically stores a variety of data including operating system files, application files, sales records, customer information, and more. Current data is generally stored in a primary storage media, such as a hard disk, for rapid access. In many organizations, however, computer data is regularly archived (or “backed-up”) to an archive media, such as magnetic disks, optical disks, and/or magnetic tapes to preserve the data for historical purposes. This allows a method by which data can be accessed at some point in the future. Preferably, the current data is copied from the computer's primary storage media to the archive media. The archive media is then stored in a safe location, preferably off-site, as a further precaution to protect the archived data.
To reduce the overhead associated with backups, it is common for users to specify a subset of files within their primary partition to include in backups. The files included in backups are usually those that do not exist on another media such as user-created word processing documents, databases, and spreadsheets. Conversely, files that can be retrieved from another media such as an installation CD are often excluded from backups. Examples of files often excluded from backups include those included in installation programs such as operating systems and application files.
As the amount of data residing in the computer system increases, however, the time and computer resources required to archive the data also increases. In addition, since standard backup/restore programs do not perform comparisons to determine which files are new or modified since the last backup, it is common for several backup sets to contain an exact copy of the same file. This decreases the efficiency of the backup process by increasing the time required to complete a backup as well as the amount of media space required to store the resulting backup. While this backup method accomplishes the basic goal of backing up data, it is inefficient, time-consuming, and in most cases, incomplete as it only includes a subset of the data currently stored on the computer. In addition, if a restore is required, the user must reinstall all of the applications and data not included in the backup process. In most cases, this requires the user to reinstall the operating system and applications before restoring their backup data.
Like all standard applications, backup/restore programs require the existence of a functional, compatible operating system. Therefore, in the event that there is a corruption to a computer's operating system, the backup/restore program will not function and users cannot restore their data. The only solution to this problem is for the user to reinstall the computer's operating system and then initiate the restore process. For several environments such as point of sale computers, branch offices, and the mobile workforce, this inefficiency makes the standard backup/restore program a less than desirable solution.
For example, a point of sale computer can be tied into the standard operating procedures of a restaurant. In this scenario, the restaurant uses its computers to process customer orders including displaying the order for the cook, calculating the cost of the meal, calculating the amount of change, and more. Restaurants cannot afford to perform the time-consuming task of restoring a point of sale machine while customers wait to place their orders. In addition, if the computer's operating system is corrupt and will not boot to its primary partition, extensive computer knowledge is required before restoring the system including an understanding of operating systems, drivers, networks, etc. The result is extended downtime resulting in a loss of revenue, productivity, and ultimately profitability.
Accordingly, the prior art systems for backing up and restoring computer data have significant disadvantages and limitations. It would, therefore, be highly desirable to create a backup application that eliminates the problems of the conventional backup process and allows users to rapidly restore their computer to a previously known state.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention utilizes the computing power of present day in conjunction with data storage medias to increase the reliability, accessibility, flexibility, and performance of backup and restore operations. Through the collaborative use of storage medias and backup/restore software, a high performance backup/restore solution has been provided which, in a particular implementation thereof, resulted in the support of backing up and restoring a computer from its primary partition, recovery partition, or combination thereof. By providing multiple backup and restore points, this invention increases the effectiveness of the backup/restore process.
In the preferred embodiment, the backup/recovery program's architecture consists of a hard disk with a backup/restore component within the primary partition, a backup/restore component within the restore partition, and a backup/restore information file within the boot sector. Since the backup/restore components reside in difference partitions and are controlled by their respective operating system, they are unaware of the existence of the backup/restore component residing in the other partition. The current invention enables these components to communicate with each other via a backup/restore information file within in the boot track to complete complex backup and recovery responsibilities spanning multiple operating systems. This present invention uses a communication method that stores backup/recovery-specific information in the hard disk's boot sector. Since, by definition, the boot track does not belong to any partition, the present invention uses the backup/restore information file to pass information between the backup/restore program's primary partition and the recovery partition components. This enables the invention's primary partition and protected partition components to communicate with each other to perform backup and restore processes across multiple partitions. In essence, the backup/restore information file acts as a gateway, passing information between the primary partition's backup/restore program and the recovery partition's backup/restore program. In addition, both components of the backup/restore program can read from and write to the boot sector's backup/recovery-specific information file.
Since the backup/restore information file contains essential information, the integrity of the backup/restore information file is critical to the success of the present invention. To ensure the accuracy of this information, the present invention includes a mechanism by which the backup/restore information file is verified each time it is accessed. This process validates the information within the backup/restore information file has not been modified or corrupted by unauthorized programs or processes. In addition, if the verification process determines the backup/restore information file is corrupt, the present invention takes the appropriate actions to rectify the problem before using the information to perform backup and restore procedures.
In addition, the restore partition cannot be accessed by any application or process other than the backup/recovery program. This ensures the backup data remains unaffected by corruptions or catastrophes occurring within the primary partition. Therefore, in the event of an operating system corruption within the primary partition, the user can still restore. This is possible by booting to the recovery partition and using the backup/restore component contained therein to initiate the recovery of the primary partition. Therefore, computers can be restored regardless of whether they can boot to their primary operating system.
As a result of the present invention consisting of two components, one within the primary partition and another within the recovery partition, the backup/recovery program combines sector-based backups with file-based backups. A sector-based backup is performed by the backup/restore component within the recovery partition and consists of a sector-by-sector copy of the primary partition. Once created, a sector-based backup is compressed and stored in the recovery partition. Similarly, a sector-based restore is performed by the backup/restore component within the recovery partition and consists of sector-by-sector restore of the primary partition. Therefore, in the event the primary partition is inaccessible due to an operating system corruption, the primary partition can be restored. The restore is performed using the recovery partition's backup/restore component to initiate a sector-based restore of the primary partition.
A file-based restore is performed by the backup/restore component within the primary partition and consists of incremental changes between the state of the primary partition at the time of the last backup and the current backup. A file-based backup is performed by the backup/restore component within the primary partition and consists of incremental changes, or modifications, made to the primary partition since the last backup was generated. Once created, a file-based backup is stored in the recovery partition. Similarly, a file-based restore is performed by the backup/restore component within the primary partition and consists of a file-based restore of the primary partition.
Since file-based backups are based on incremental changes to the primary partition, it is possible for a file-based restore to require a sector-based restore prior to the file-based restore to return the primary partition to the exact state at the time of the file-based backup was performed. In this scenario, the restore process spans multiple partitions, operating systems, and backup/restore components using the backup/restore information file within the boot track as a means of communication.
In addition, the backup/restore program allows users to select a single file to restore from a file-based backup. When restoring from a file-based backup, the backup/restore component within the primary partition accesses the file-based backup within the recovery partition and restores only the selected file.
Finally, the present invention supports the storage of multiple backups within the recovery partition so that users can choose to restore from backups representing specific points in time. For example, in the preferred embodiment, the invention stores a single sector-based backup and two cumulative backups. This allows the user to restore from three different historical moments.
As discussed above, splitting the program into two main components, each running under their own operating system within their own partition on a storage media, the present invention ameliorates a number of traditionally encountered problems including, but not limited to, restoring a machine when its primary partition's operating system is corrupted and restoring a single file from a backup. In doing so, the backup/restore information file acts as an information gateway to ensure the completion of complex backup/restore processes across multiple partitions, operating systems, and backup/restore components.
In accordance with these and other objects which will become apparent hereinafter, the instant invention will now be described with particular reference to the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The aforementioned and other features and objects of the present invention and the manner of attaining them will become more apparent and the invention itself will be best understood by reference to the following description of a preferred embodiment taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a simplified general purpose computer and network for possible use in conjunction with the system and method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates a simplified exemplary system embodiment when a single data storage media is used in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a simplified exemplary system embodiment when two data storage medias are used for backup redundancy in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a simplified exemplary system embodiment when a network data storage media is used to store backup data in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a simplified exemplary system embodiment when one data storage media uses a second data storage media for backup purposes in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified exemplary embodiment of the method whereby the backup/restore information file is obtained from the boot sector with the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates a simplified exemplary embodiment of the method whereby the backup/restore information file is updated in the boot sector with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a logic flowchart representative of a representative system and method for data integrity verification used in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a logic flowchart representative of a representative system and method for backing up data when a single data storage media is used in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a logic flowchart representative of a representative system and method for restoring data when a single data storage media is used in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a logic flowchart representative of a representative system and method for restoring a single file from a file-based backup when a single data storage media is used in accordance with the present invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
A typical, well-known, local area network (LAN) within which the present invention can be used is illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1. The LAN includes a network server 12, connected to computers 14 and 16, via network communications paths 18 and 10, respectively.
Each client computer such as 14 is well known in the art and includes a processor 30, having a central processing unit 32, and memory 34. A keyboard 36, a display device 38, and a mouse 40 are coupled to the processor 30, via a natively attached peripheral bus (not shown). One or more hard disk storage units 42-1 to 42-n, a floppy disk device 44, and a CD-ROM 48 are also coupled to the processor 30 via standard disk channel interfaces (not shown). A network interface adapter 50 is also coupled to the natively attached peripheral bus.
Generally, in contemporary systems, the hard disks 42-1 through 42-n, are capable of reading, writing, and storing data, which typically contains programs and data. Computer program products containing mechanisms to effectuate the apparatus and methods in accordance with the present invention may reside in the memory section 34, or on the hard disks 42-1 through 42-n, of such a system. The present invention is optionally implemented in software devices loaded in memory 34, and/or stored on a configured storage unit 42-1, or other storage device thereby transforming the computer system in FIG. 1 to a special purpose machine for implementing the present invention.
One example of a network in which the present invention can be used is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,913,028 issued Jun. 15, 1999 to the assignor herein and said patent is incorporated herein by reference as if fully set forth. Examples of computers in which the present invention can be used include International Business Machines Corporation, Compaq Computer Corporation, and personal computers offered by other manufacturers. In accordance with the present invention, backup software may be executed by the computer and source and destination data may be stored on the hard disk storage units 42-1 through 42-n, or other storage medium units coupled to the system.
With reference additionally now to FIG. 2, an exemplary system embodiment of a computer with a single hard disk in accordance with the present invention is depicted. In the illustrated embodiment, the hard disk is divided into three unique areas referred to as the boot track 86, primary partition 84, and recovery partition 82. The boot track 86 stores the boot manager 62, backup/restore information file 64, and a backup/restore information validation file 66. In this exemplary system embodiment, the primary partition 84, runs under the Microsoft Windows operating system and contains a backup/restore information file 68 and a backup/restore program 70. The recovery partition 82, runs under the DOS operating system and contains a backup image of the primary partition (A Backup) 76. The sector-based backup image 76 is created from within the recovery partition 82, as discussed in the description accompanying FIG. 9.
In addition, the recovery partition 82 may optionally contain incremental file-based backups that represent the primary partition 84, at specific points in time. The cumulative backups (B Backup) 78, stores file-based information representing the difference between the state of the hard disk at the time of the A Backup 76, and the B Backup 78 (e.g., data that was deleted, added or modified). The B Backup is created from within the primary partition as discussed in the detailed description of FIG. 10.
The most recent backup (C Backup) 80 is an incremental file-based backup file reflecting the state of a primary partition 84, at the time the backup is performed. Only files not matching those in the B Backup 78 are stored in the most recent backup file 80. Therefore, the C Backup 80 only stores incremental information defining the differences between the B Backup 78, and the C Backup 80. In addition, each subsequent most recent backup replaces the previous most recent backup.
Furthermore, multiple recovery partitions may be supported spanning multiple conventional storage medias including local hard disks, network storage devices, USB storage devices, etc. FIG. 3, FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 represent additional exemplary system embodiments illustrating a sample of configurations in which the present invention may be included.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary system embodiment of a computer with two hard disks. In the illustrated embodiment, the primary hard disk 139, contains the same elements as discussed in FIG. 2 including a boot track 116, boot manager 92, backup/restore information file 94, and validation file 96. In addition, the primary partition 114 contains a backup/restore information file 98, and a backup/restore program 100. Finally, the recovery partition 112 contains a backup/restore program 102, backup/restore information file 104, A Backup 106, B Backup 108, and C Backup 110.
To ensure backup data redundancy, the backup/restore program copies the entire contents of the primary hard disk's recovery partition 112, including the backup/restore program 102, backup/restore information file 104, A Backup 106, B Backup 108, and C Backup 110 to the secondary hard disk 140, each time a backup is performed from the primary hard disk 139. In addition, the backup/restore program copies the entire contents of the primary hard disk's boot track 116, including the boot manager 92, backup/restore information file 94, and validation file 96, to the secondary hard disk 140, each time a backup is performed from the primary hard disk 139. The result is a recovery partition 136, on the secondary hard disk 140, containing a copy of the backup/restore program 126, backup/restore information file 128, A Backup 130, B Backup 132, and C Backup 134. In addition, the boot track 138, on the secondary hard disk 140, contains a copy of the boot track 138, boot manager 120, backup/restore information file 122, and validation file 124.
The secondary hard disk 140 is used for backup redundancy purposes in the event a physical catastrophe leaves the primary hard disk damaged to the point where it can no longer function properly. Examples of such catastrophes include destroying the hard disk through the use of force (e.g., smashing the hard disk with a hammer) as well as detrimental environmental events such as a fire melting the electro magnetically charged surface(s) comprising the hard disk. In the event the primary hard disk 139 is physically damaged to the point where it is inoperable, the user can promote the secondary hard disk 140, to the primary hard disk channel and restore their disk image using the secondary drive.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary system embodiment of a computer using a single hard disk and a network server. In the illustrated embodiment, the primary hard disk 170, contains the same elements as discussed in FIG. 2 including a boot track 167, boot manager 152, backup/restore information file 156, and validation file 158. In addition, the primary partition 168 contains a backup/restore information file 160, and a backup/restore program 162. Finally, the recovery partition 169 contains a backup/restore program 164, and a backup/restore information file 169. In this configuration, backup data 176, 177, and 178, is transmitted across the network 172, commonly referred to as the LAN, to the server 174, and ultimately stored in the server's database 180. This embodiment differs from the embodiments described in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 in that the backup data is stored in a location other than the local machine. One of the many benefits arising from this configuration includes protection from the loss of data associated with stolen computers. In the event that a computer is lost or stolen, a computer can be restored using the data stored in the server's database 180.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary system embodiment of a computer with two hard disks. In the illustrated embodiment, the primary hard disk 139, contains the same elements as discussed in FIG. 2 including a boot track 116, boot manager 92, backup/restore information file 94, and validation file 96. In addition, the primary partition 114 contains a backup/restore information file 98, and a backup/restore program 100, in the primary partition as well as a backup/restore information file 98, and a backup/restore program 100, in the recovery partition.
Unlike the exemplary system embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the primary hard disk in FIG. 5 does not store backup data in its recovery partition. Rather, primary hard disk's A Backup 106, B Backup 108, and C Backup 110 are stored in the secondary hard disk's recovery partition. In addition to this backup data, the secondary hard disk's recovery partition stores the backup/restore program and backup/restore information file.
Each time a backup is initiated, the backup/restore program copies the entire contents of the primary hard disk's boot track 116, boot manager 92, backup/restore information file 94, and validation file 96 to the secondary hard disk. Optionally, the primary partition on the secondary hard disk can be used to store user data.
FIG. 5 depicts a configuration in which the backup/restore program spans across two data storage medias. This configuration is beneficial for those users with computers that do not have enough free space on their primary hard disk to store backup data. Therefore, the responsibility of storing backup data is offloaded onto a secondary hard disk. The backup on the secondary hard disk is accessible to the backup/restore program on the primary hard disk using similar methods as discussed in the single hard disk configuration (FIG. 2) and redundant disk configuration (FIG. 3). Therefore, the backup/restore program is able to extend its ability to access backup/restore information across multiple partitions as well as multiple operating systems.
Depending on the environment and needs of the end user, one or more configurations discussed in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, and FIG. 4, and FIG. 5 as well as additional configurations not mentioned may be used. Therefore, an end user may configure the backup/restore program to store local backups in the hard disk's recovery partition while simultaneously transmitting data across the network for storage in the server's database. The result is a robust and customizable backup/restore program that can be configured in such a manner that meets the individual business needs of the environment in which it is being used. In addition, end users can customize other aspects of the backup/restore program including, but not limited to, variables such as the number of backups to store in the recovery partition (e.g., A Backup, B Backup, C Backup, etc.) as well as the maximum amount of hard disk space to use for backup purposes.
With reference additionally now to FIG. 6, the logical flow of information pertaining to the retrieval of backup-specific information from a hard disk's boot track is discussed. FIG. 6 is based on the single hard disk configuration as illustrated in FIG. 2 and specifically refers to the boot track 86, and the components therein. In addition, the logic used to obtain backup-specific information discussed in FIG. 6 is the same regardless of the configuration in which the backup/restore program is implemented (e.g., single hard disk (FIG. 2.), two hard disks (FIG. 3), remote storage (FIG. 4). In addition, the logic described by FIG. 6 is accurate whether the backup-specific information is requested from a hard disk's primary partition or recovery partition.
Some user initiated or scheduled event instructs the backup/restore program to perform an action, block 224, such as performing a B Backup, modifying the backup schedule, etc. Before performing the specified action, the backup/restore program verifies the backup-specific information stored in the boot track is valid and has not been corrupted since it was last accessed, block 232. Since the boot track is an area on the hard disk that is not designated as belonging to any specific partition, the boot track's backup-specific information is accessible to the backup/restore program within the primary partition as well as the recovery partition, depending on which is the active partition.
For example, if the primary partition is active, the boot track's backup-specific information is available to the primary partition's backup component. Similarly, if the recovery partition is active, the boot track's backup-specific information is available to the recovery partition's backup component. The backup/restore program comprises two components, each residing in a unique partition. Since these components reside in different partitions, neither component is directly aware of the existence of the other. Therefore, the only manner in which the partition-specific components can communicate with each other is via the boot track's backup/restore information file. The boot track's backup/restore information file acts as a gateway in which backup/restore program-specific information is passed between the two partition components.
Backup-specific information includes, but is not limited to, backup/restore program state information such as whether an initial backup exists in the recovery partition and status information such as the last time a backup was performed. In addition, the backup/restore information file contains commands such as “the next time the machine restarts, boot to the recovery partition and restore the primary partition with the A Backup.” Command information allows the backup/restore program's primary partition component to instruct the program's recovery partition component to perform specific actions and visa versa. Therefore, the boot track's backup/restore information file ensures the partition-specific components work together to complete tasks that span two unique partitions.
Each time the boot track's backup-specific information is requested, the backup/restore program performs an analysis to verify this information is not corrupt 232. This verification process, block 232, is discussed in detail in FIG. 8. Once the backup/restore program evaluates the backup/restore information file, block 232 and determines the backup-specific information is not corrupt, a copy of the boot track's backup-specific information is transferred into the active partition, replacing the active partition's previous version of the backup-specific information, block 240. The active partition's backup/restore program then uses this backup-specific information to obtain the information necessary to complete the requested task, block 244.
In the event a corruption is detected, the backup/restore program leaves the backup-specific information in the boot track and uses the existing backup-specific information stored in the active partition 236 to obtain the information necessary to complete the requested task, block 244.
With reference additionally now to FIG. 7, a logical flow of information is described in which the boot track's backup-specific information is updated. Some event requiring a modification to the backup/restore information file, such as a change in the backup schedule, causes the backup/restore program to update the boot track's backup/restore information file, block 250. Before updating the boot track's information file, the backup/restore program verifies the backup-specific information stored in the boot track is valid and has not been corrupted since it was last accessed, block 254. The validation process, block 254, is discussed in detail in FIG. 8. If the information within the boot track's backup/restore information file is valid, a copy of the boot track's backup/restore information file is placed in the active partition, replacing the active partition's previous backup/restore information file, block 264. Once the active partition's backup/restore information file is updated, the backup/restore program in the active partition updates its backup/restore information file, block 268, and then copies its updated backup/restore information file back to the boot track, block 272, replacing the boot track's previous backup/restore information file. By copying the updated backup/restore information file back into the boot track, the backup/restore program ensures the inactive partition has access to the most recent backup/restore information file in the event it becomes the active partition at a later point in time. FIG. 6 describes the method by which the active partition obtains this updated backup/restore information file.
In the event a corruption is detected in the boot track's backup/restore information file, the backup/restore program leaves the file in the boot track and uses the existing backup/restore information file stored in the active partition, block 260. Then, the backup/restore program in the active partition updates the active file's backup/restore information file, block 268, and then copies the backup/restore information file back to the boot track, block 272, replacing the boot track's previous backup/restore information file.
With reference additionally now to FIG. 8, a logical flow of information is described in which the boot sector's backup/restore information file is verified to ensure the file was not corrupted or modified by an unauthorized process or application since the last time it was accessed. This process involves a typical, well-known, checksum calculation.
Each time the boot track's backup/restore information file is updated, the backup/restore program performs a calculation based on the information stored in the backup/restore information file, block 280, and stores this value in a validation file, block 282. Then, the next time the backup/restore information file is requested by the active partition, block 284, the same calculation based on the information stored in the backup/restore information file is performed a second time, block 286, and this value is compared against the value from the first calculation stored in the validation file, block 288. This checksum verification takes place each time the boot track's backup/restore information file is requested to ensure the file has not been modified since it was last accessed by the backup/restore program. If the values are the same, the boot track's backup/restore information file is not corrupt and the backup/restore information file is copied from the boot track to the active partition, block 292. If, however, the values are not equal, the boot track's file is believed to be corrupt and the backup/restore program uses the active partition's backup/restore information file instead, block 290.
In the event the active partition's backup/restore information file was modified by an authorized program or process, block 294, the backup/restore program copies the active partition's backup/restore information file to the boot track, thereby updating the boot track with the most recent backup/restore information file. Upon updating the boot track's backup/restore information file, block 294, the validation cycle begins again, starting with the recalculation of the value used to represent the validity of the boot track's backup/restore information file, block 280.
In addition, by storing the backup/restore information file in the boot track, the backup/restore program provides a mechanism by which the boot track's backup/restore information file remains undisturbed in the event one or more logical partitions are restored or deleted from the hard disk. Since the boot track is unaffected by changes to logical volumes, the backup/restore information file remains in tact and available to the backup/restore program at all times. This ensures that the backup/restore program's component residing in the active partition is aware of the hard disk's backup state at all times, regardless of whether any or all logical volumes are restored or deleted.
In the preferred embodiment, the backup/restore program consists of two components, each residing in different partitions. Each partition is controlled by its respective operating systems. Therefore, in the event the primary partition is corrupt, the backup/restore program uses its recovery partition to restore the primary partition. Since each partition is unaware of the other partition's existence, the boot sector's backup/restore information file acts as a gateway that passes backup/restore-specific information between the primary and recovery partitions. This flexibility allows the backup component residing in the primary partition to communicate with the backup/restore program residing in the recovery partition component and visa versa. It is this invention that allows the backup/restore program to perform complex processes spanning multiple partitions, operating systems, and possibly storage medias.
With reference additionally now to FIG. 9, a logic flowchart representing a system and method for performing backups when a single data storage media is used in accordance with the present invention. Prior to performing any backup/restore operations, the computer must be configured properly. In the illustrated embodiment, this process includes installing the backup/restore component within the primary partition, block 300, creating a recovery partition on the storage media, block 303, installing the backup/restore component within the recovery partition, block 304, and creating the boot manager, block 305. Once the above-mentioned processes are completed, the backup/restore program can perform its initial backup. The first backup is a sector-based backup of the primary partition, block 307, generated by the backup/restore component within the recovery partition. This backup, commonly referred to as A Backup, is stored in the recovery partition, block 309.
Then, the backup/restore component within the primary partition waits for the initiation of a backup, block 311. Once the backup is initiated, the backup/restore component within the primary partition generates its first cumulative, file-based backup of the primary partition at that point in time, block 313, and stores this backup in the recovery partition, 315. Then, the backup/restore component within the primary partition waits for the initiation of a backup, block 317. Once the backup is initiated, the backup/restore component within the primary partition generates a second cumulative, file-based backup of the primary partition at that point in time, block 319, and stores this backup in the recovery partition, block 321. Again, the backup/restore component within the primary partition waits for the initiation of a backup, block 323. Once the backup is initiated, the backup/restore component within the primary partition generates a third cumulative, file-based backup representing the primary partition at that point in time, block 325, and replaces the second cumulative backup with the more recent third backup, block 327. All future backups follow the same process as the fourth file-based backup replaces the third; the fifth file-based backup replaces the fourth; the sixth file-based backup replaces the fifth; etc.
The result of the backup process in the preferred embodiment is a combination of a sector-based backup created from within the recovery partition and multiple file-based backups created from within the primary partition. While not included in FIG. 9, each time a backup is performed, the boot sector's backup/restore information file is accessed, verified, and updated as illustrated in FIG. 6, FIG. 8, and FIG. 7, respectively. This ensures the primary and recovery backup/restore components have access to the most recent backup/restore information.
With reference additionally now to FIG. 10, a logic flowchart representing a system and method for performing a sector-based restore when a single data storage media is used in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 10 also includes a logical representation of requesting a cumulative backup that requires a sector-based restore followed by one or more file-based restores. In the illustrated embodiment, this process includes initiating a restore from the active partition's backup/restore component, block 350. Then, the active partition's backup/restore component requests a copy of the boot track's backup/restore information file, block 353. Once validated, the boot track's backup/restore information file is copied into the active partition, block 357. The active partition's backup/restore component modifies its backup/restore information file to include updated program information including state, status, and command information, block 359, and then copies the updated backup/restore information file back into the boot track, block 361. This process ensures the boot track's backup/restore information file contains the most recent information including commands such as “reboot machine then perform a sector-based restore (A backup) then perform a file-based restore (B backup).”
The next step depends on the active partition initiating the restore, block 363. If the restore is initiated from the backup/restore component within the recovery partition, the recovery partition's backup/restore program uses the sector-based backup (A Backup) to perform a sector-by-sector restore of the primary partition, block 373. Then, the recovery partition's backup/restore component determines if its backup/restore information file includes instructions to perform a file-based restore (B Backup or C Backup), block 375. If a file-based restore is not required, the restore process is complete, block 380. If, however, a file-based restore is required, the recovery partition's backup/restore information file instructs the backup/restore component to restart the machine and boot to the primary partition, block 377. Upon rebooting, the primary partition's backup/restore component requests a copy of the boot track's backup/restore information file, block 378, which contains the most recent backup/restore status, state, and command information. Once validated, the boot track's backup/restore information file is copied into the primary partition, block 379. Then, the primary partition's backup/restore component reads its backup/restore information file, instructing the program to access the backup data within the recovery partition and perform a file-based restore, block 371. The primary partition's backup/restore component edits its backup/restore information file indicating the file-based restore has been initiated and then copies this back to the book track (not shown in the flow chart). Then, the primary partition reads its backup/restore information file again to determine if an additional file-based restore is required, block 376. If no additional restores are required, the restore process is completed, block 380. If an additional file-based restore is required, the primary partition's backup/restore program repeats the process of accessing the backup data within the recovery partition to perform a file-based restore, block 371. Again, the primary partition reads its backup/restore information file to determine if an additional file-based restore is required, block 376. When all file-based backups have been restored, the restore process is completed, block 380.
The following description provides a logical flow of information in the event a restore is initiated from the backup/restore component within the primary partition. When the restore is initiated, the primary partition's backup/restore information files instructs the backup/restore program to restart the computer and boot to the recovery partition, block 365. Upon rebooting, the recovery partition's backup/restore component requests a copy of the boot track's backup/restore information file, block 367, which contained the most recent backup/restore status, state, and command information. Once validated, the boot track's backup/restore information file is copied into the recovery partition, block 369. Then, the protected partition's backup/restore component reads its backup/restore information file, instructing the program to access the backup data within the recovery partition and perform a sector-based restore of the primary partition, block 373. The recovery partition's backup/restore component edits its backup/restore information file and then copies this back to the boot track (not shown in the flow chart). Upon completing the sector-based restore, the recovery partition reads its backup/restore information file again to determine if an additional file-based restore is required, block 375. If no additional restores are required, the restore process is completed, block 380. If an additional file-based restore is required, the recovery partition's backup/restore program instructs the machine to restart and boot the primary partition, block 377. Upon rebooting, the primary partition's backup/restore component requests a copy of the boot track's backup/restore information file, block 378, which contains the most recent backup/restore status, state and command information. Once validated, the boot track's backup/restore information file is copied into the primary partition, block 379. Then, the primary partition's backup/restore component reads its backup/restore information file, instructing the program to access the backup data within the recovery partition and perform a file-based restore, block 371. The primary partition's backup/restore component edits its backup/restore information file and then copies this back to the boot track (not shown in the flow chart). The primary partition reads its backup/restore information file again to determine if an additional file-based restore is required, block 376. If no additional restores are required, the primary partition's backup/restore program repeats the process of accessing the backup data within the recovery partition to perform a file-based restore, block 371, editing the primary partition's backup/restore information file, and copying it back to the boot track (not shown in the flow chart). Again, the primary partition reads its backup/restore information file to determine if an additional file-based restore is required, block 376. When all file-based backups have been restored, the restore process is completed, block 380.
With reference additionally now to FIG. 11, a logic flowchart representing a system and method for performing a single file-based restore when a single data storage media is used in accordance with the present invention. A single file restore is the process of restoring one file from a file-based backup within the recovery partition. This allows users the flexibility to recover from the loss or corruption of a specific file without requiring the restoration of the entire primary partition.
In the illustrated embodiment, this process includes initiating a restore from the primary partition's backup/restore component, block 400. Then, the primary partition's backup/restore component accesses the specified file-based backup (B backup or C backup), block 403. Finally, the primary partition's backup/restore program restores the selected files from the recovery partition to the specified location in the primary partition, block 405, to complete the single-file restore, block 407.
The term “primary partition” as used in the appended claims is intended to mean all of the area of disk storage in which the primary operating system executes application programs—more specifically, all disk storage except the boot track and the protected area in which the recovery partition's operating system functions. The primary operating system may actually span two or more partitions all, of which comprise the “primary partition” as used in the claims.
The instant invention has been shown and described herein in what is considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment. It is recognized, however, that departures may be made there from within the scope of the invention and that obvious modification will occur to a person skilled in the art. It is intended that the claims herein cover all such departures and obvious modifications.

## Claims

1. A method comprising the steps of:
(a) storing a first copy of the content of a first storage area in a second storage area, the first storage area including a first operating system;
(b) installing a second operating system and storing a backup/restore program and a second copy of the content of the first storage area in the second storage area, the second copy comprising changes occurring in the content of the first storage area since the first copy;
(c) selectively restoring the first storage area using at least one of the copies selected from the first copy and the second copy using the backup/restore program running under at least one operating system selected from the first opening system and the second operating system; and
(d) executing the first operating system in the first storage area before and after restoring the first storage area.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the backup/restore program is stored in the first storage area.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein a second backup/restore program is stored in the second storage area.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein step of installing a second operating system includes the step of installing the second operating system using the first operating system.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of installing a second operating system includes the step of installing the second operating system outside of the first storage area.

6. A method comprising the steps of:
(a) copying content stored in a first storage area and storing the copy into a second storage area, the first storage area including a first operating system and user data;
(b) installing a second operating system and a backup/restore pro in the second storage area using the first operating system;
(c) restoring the first storage area from the copy stored in the second storage area using the backup/restore program and the second operating system; and
(d) executing the first operating system from the first storage area before and after restoring the first storage area.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first storage area and the second storage area are in the same storage device.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the first storage area is in a first storage device and the second storage area is in a second storage device and wherein the first and second storage devices are coupled.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the second operating system and the backup/restore program are stored outside the first storage area.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of installing a second operating system includes the step of installing the second operating system it in at least one of the first storage area and the second storage area.

11. A method comprising the steps of:
(a) copying content stored in a first storage area and storing a first copy into a second storage area, the first storage area including a first operating system;
(b) installing a second operating system and storing a second copy of content stored in the first storage area in the second storage area, the second copy comprising changes made to the content stored in the first storage area since the first copy,
(c) restoring the first storage area from at least one of the first copy and the second copy using a backup/restore program running under at least one of the first and second operating systems; and
(d) executing the first operating system in the first storage area both before and after the restoring of step (c).

12. The method of claim 11 wherein the second copy comprises a file-based copy.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the first copy comprises a sector-based copy.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein restoring step (c) comprises restoring the first storage area from the first copy using a second operating system stored outside the first storage area.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein restoring step (d) comprises restoring the first storage area from the second copy using a second backup/restore program.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of installing a second operating system includes the step of installing the second operating system using the first operating system.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of installing a second operating system includes the step of installing the second operating system outside of the first storage area.

18. A method comprising:
(a) storing a sector-based copy of content stored in a first storage area into a second storage area, the first storage area including a first operating system and user data, the first storage area serving as a storage for a system under operation of the first operating system prior to a malfunction of the first operating system;
(b) installing a second operating system in the second storage area using the first operating system and, after a malfunction of the first operating system, using the second storage area as the primary storage and the second operating system as the operating system;
(c) restoring the first storage area from the copy in the second storage area using the second operating system; and
(d) after the restoring of step (c), the first storage area serving as the primary storage for the system under the operation of the first operating system.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein the first storage area and second storage area each comprise at least one storage device.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein the first storage area is on a different device from the second storage area and the second storage area is coupled to the first storage area.

21. The method of claim 18 wherein the first storage area and second storage area reside on the same storage device.

22. The method of claim 18 wherein the second operating system at the time of installation is a different type of operating system from the first operating system.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of installing a second operating system includes the step of installing the second operating system in at least one of the first storage area and the second storage area.

24. An apparatus comprising:
(a) a first storage area in which content selected from programs and data is stored;
(b) a second storage area coupled to the first storage area and storing backup information;
(c) a first operating system in the first storage area and a second operating system stored outside the first storage area; and
(d) a backup and restore program accessible to the apparatus and being operable to store a first copy of the content of the first storage area in the second storage area and being operable to store a second copy of the content of the second storage area into a location outside the second storage area, wherein the apparatus uses the backup and restore program operating under at least one of the first and second operating systems to copy the content of the second storage area upon malfunction of the first storage area to the location outside the second storage area and then the apparatus runs using the copy of the content stored in the location outside the second storage area.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the first storage area comprises a first storage device.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the second storage area comprises a second storage device.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the second storage area is coupled to the first storage area through a network.

28. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the first operating system is a different type of operating system from the second operating system.

29. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the second storage area comprises at least one USB storage coupled to the first storage area.

30. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the second storage area comprises at least one storage medium unit coupled to the first storage area.

31. A method of recovering the content of a first storage area in a data processing system wherein the first storage area includes a first operating system, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) installing a first segment of a backup/restore program in the first storage area;
(b) installing a second segment of the backup/restore program and a second operating system in a storage area outside the first storage area;
(c) creating a backup/restore information file in an area outside the first storage area for establishing communication between the backup/restore program segments;
(d) creating a copy of the first storage area using at least one of the backup/restore program segment and the backup/restore information file; and
(e) restoring the first storage area from said copy using of at least one of the backup/restore program segment and the backup/restore information file.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the first storage area and the area outside the first storage area are portions of the same storage device.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein the first storage area is contained in a first storage device and the area outside the first storage area is contained in a second storage device different from the first storage device and wherein the first and second storage devices are coupled.

34. The method of claim 31, wherein the backup/restore information file is stored in a storage area within a boot track.

35. The method of claim 31, wherein the second segment of the backup/restore program, the second operating system, and the copy are stored in the same storage area.

36. The method of claim 31, wherein the step of installing a second operating system includes the step of installing the second operating system using the first operating system.

37. A data processing apparatus using an operating system for processing information, the apparatus comprising:
(a) a first storage area storing a first segment of a backup/restore program and a first operating system;
(b) a second segment of the backup/restore program and a second operating system installed in a storage area outside the first storage area;
(c) a backup/restore information file stored in a storage area outside the first storage area for establishing communication between the back/restore program segments,
(d) a copy of the first storage area stored in a storage area outside the first storage area using at least one of the backup/restore program segment and the backup/restore information file; and
(e) the first storage area restored from the said copy using at least one of the backup/restore program segment and the information file.

38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the first storage area and the storage area outside of the first storage area contained in a single storage device.

39. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein a first storage device comprises the first storage area and a second storage device different from the first storage device comprises the storage area outside the first storage area and wherein the first and second storage devices are coupled.

40. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the backup/restore information file is stored in a boot track.

41. The method of claim 37, wherein the second segment of the backup/restore program, the second operating system, and the copy are stored in the same storage area.

42. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the second operating system was installed using the first operating system.

43. A method comprising the steps of:
(a) storing a first sector-based copy of the content of a first storage area outside the first storage area, the first storage area and the first copy including a first operating system and user data and operating from the first storage area before failure of the first storage area;
(b) storing a second copy of the content of the first storage area outside the first storage area, the copy comprising changes occurring in the content of the first storage area since the first copy was made;
(c) selecting at least one of the first copy and the second copy to be used for restoring the first storage area;
(d) restoring the first storage area including the first operating system and user data after failure of the first storage area using the selected at least one of the first and second copy and a second operating system; and
(e) operating from the first storage area including its recovered operating system and user data after restoring the first storage area.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of storing a second copy includes the step of storing a file-based copy.

45. The method of claim 43, wherein the first storage area and the area outside the first storage area are portions of the same storage device.

46. The method of claim 43, wherein the first storage area is contained in a first storage device and the area outside the first storage area is contained in a second storage device different from the first storage device and wherein the first and second storage devices are coupled.

47. The method of claim 43, wherein the step of storing the second copy includes the step of storing the copy in a storage area outside the first storage area and the storage area outside the first storage area is coupled to the first storage area by at least one selected from a network and an I/O bus.

48. A method of storing a image from one data processing system having a first storage area and a first operating system onto a second data processing system, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) installing a second operating system in a storage area outside the first storage area;
(b) creating a first backup image of the content of the first storage area and storing the first backup image outside the first storage area using at least one of the first and second operating systems;
(c) creating a second backup image of the content of the fire storage area and storing the second backup image outside the first storage area using at least one of the first and second operating systems, the second backup image comprising incremental changes occurring in the content of the first storage area since the first backup image;
(d) storing onto the second data processing system a copy of at least one of the first backup image and the second backup image using the second opening system; and
(e) after the storing of step (d), operating the second data processing system from the copy of at least one of the first backup image and the second backup image using an operating system other than the second operating system.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the method includes the step of coupling the first storage area to the second storage using at least one selected from an I/O bus and a network.

50. An apparatus which stores a copy of an image from a first data processing system having a first operating system and a first storage area onto a second data processing system, the apparatus comprising:
(a) an area outside the first storage area which includes a second operating system and a first backup image of the content of the first storage area created by at least one of the first and second operating systems;
(b) an area outside the first storage area which includes a second backup image of the content of the first storage area created by at least one of the first and second operating systems, the second backup image comprising incremental changes occurring in the content of the first storage area since the first backup image;
(c) at least one of the first backup image and the second backup image stored outside the first storage area and copied into the second data processing system using the second operating system; and
(d) the second data processing system operating from the copy of at least one of the first backup image and the second backup image under an operating system other than the second opening system.

51. An apparatus of the type described in claim 50 wherein the operating system of the second data processing system was copied onto the second data processing system from at least one of the first backup image and the second backup image using the second operating system.

52. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the area outside the first storage area comprises a protected storage area.

53. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the first backup image is file based.

54. The apparatus of claim 50, wherein the second backup image is sector based.

55. The apparatus of claim 50 further including a connection between the first data sing system and the second data processing system which comprises at least one selected from a network and an I/O bus.

56. A method of recovering from corruption of a primary operating system in a system in which a primary operating system and user data are stored in a first storage area, comprising the steps of:
creating and storing, in a protected second storage area a sector-based image of the first storage area including user data after the operating system has been installed; and in the event of corruption of the primary operating system, restoring the first storage area including user data under the control of a second operating system using the sector-based image stored in the protected second storage area, wherein the method includes the step of using the primary operating system to install the second operating system.

57. A method including the steps of claim 56 wherein the step of installing the second operating system includes the step of installing the second operating system outside the first storage area.

58. An apparatus comprising:
(a) a first storage area which stores content including user data and a first operating system, said first storage area for operating the apparatus before and after a restoring of the first storage area;
(b) a second storage area which stores a first backup copy of the content;
(c) a third storage area which stores a second backup copy of the content, said second backup copy including changes to the content of the first storage occurring after the first backup copy was made; and
(d) a restore program coupled to the first storage area, the second storage area and the third storage area and to restore the first storage area, said restore program selecting at least one of the first backup copy and the second backup copy based on a selection of which backup copy to use.

59. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the first backup copy is a file-based copy.

60. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the second storage area and the third storage area are contained in a single storage device.

61. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein a first storage device comprises the first storage area and a second storage device different from the first storage device comprises the second storage area and we the first and second storage devices are coupled.

62. The apparatus of claim 58, wherein the second copy is stored in a storage area outside the first storage area and the area outside the first storage area is coupled to the first storage area by at least one selected from a network and an I/O bus.