Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

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CHAPTER 8 DISTRIBUTION LIST AND OTHER 

8.1 DISTRIBUTION LIST 

The DEIS was distributed to Federal, state, parish, and local agencies; Tribes; businesses; 

libraries; museums; universities; environmental organizations; groups and individuals; and 

scoping participants. This FEIS is being distributed to Federal, state, parish, and local agencies; 

Tribes; libraries; and individuals who provided comments on the DEIS. The complete 

distribution lists are available upon request from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers at the 

following address. 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 

New Orleans District 

P.O. Box 60267 

New Orleans, Louisiana 70160-0267 

8.2 LIST OF PREPARERS 

NAME AFFILIATION 

Bergeron, Clara CEMVN 

Broussard, Richard, E.I. CEMVN 

Cardoch, Lynette, Ph.D. BEM Systems, Inc. 

Carimbocas, Alicia BEM Systems, Inc. 

Chamberlain, Joanne BEM Systems, Inc. 

Corbino, Jeffery CEMVN 

Daigle, Michelle, E.I. CEMVN 

Daoust, Robert BEM Systems, Inc. 

Duffy, Kenneth, Ph.D. BEM Systems, Inc. 

Entwisle, Richard, P.E. CEMVN 

Exnicios, Joan CEMVN 

Gray, Italia BEM Systems, Inc. 

Goodin, Dean, Ph.D. Tetra Tech, Inc 

Gutierrez, Judith CEMVN 

Hawes, Suzanne CEMVN 

Klein, Jr., William P., Ed.D. CEMVN 

O’Cain, Keith CEMVN 

Rodriguez, Diana BEM Systems, Inc. 

Schneider, Donald M. CEMVN 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

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8.3 LITERATURE CITED 

Aguirre, W., and S. G. Poss. 1999. Species Summary for 

Sus scrofa. Gulf States Marine Fisheries 

Commission, Ocean Springs, Mississippi. 

Available on the Internet. 

www.gsmfc.org/nis/nis/Sus Scrofa.html. 

Accessed February 28, 2003. 

Barras, J. A., 2006, Land area change in coastal Louisiana 

after the 2005 hurricanes—a series of three 

maps: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 

06-1247 

Barras, J. A., P. E. Bourgeois, L. R. Handley. 1994. Land 

loss in coastal Louisiana 1956-90: National 

Biological Survey, National Wetlands Research 

Center Open-File Report 94-01. 4 pp. 

Barras, J., S. Beville, D. Britsch, S. Hartley, S. Hawes, J. 

Johnston, P. Kemp, Q. Kinler, A. Martucci, J. 

Porthouse, D. Reed, K. Roy, S. Sapkota, and J. 

Suhayda. 2003. Historical and projected coastal 

Louisiana land changes—1978–2050, Appendix 

B of Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA), Louisiana 

Ecosystem Restoration Study: U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 2003-334, 39 p., 

http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr0334, 

accessed September 16, 2006. 

Belhadjali, K., C. F. Robertson, and K. F. Balkum. 2002. 

Coastal Restoration Division Annual Project 

Reviews: December 2002. Louisiana 

Department of Natural Resources, Baton Rouge, 

LA. 96 pp. 

Chabreck, R. H., and R. E. Condrey. 1979. Common 

Vascular Plants of the Louisiana Marsh. Sea 

Grant Pub. No. LSU-T-79-003. Louisiana State 

University Center for Wetland Resources, Baton 

Rouge, LA. 116 pp. 

Coastal Environments, Inc. 1983. A Cultural Resources 

Evaluation of Fort Proctor, St. Bernard Parish, 

Louisiana. Coastal Environments, Inc., Baton 

Rouge, Louisiana. 

Coastal Environments, Inc. 2005. Mississippi River Gulf 

Outlet (MR-GO) Channel Restoration and 

Mitigation Plan. Prepared for Coastal 

Management Div., LA Dept. of Natural 

Resources, Baton Rouge. 

Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority, 2007. 

Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Hurricane 

Protection: Louisiana’s Comprehensive Master 

Plan for a Sustainable Coast. CRPA. Baton 

Rouge, LA. 140 pp + Appendices. 

Coleman, E. 2003. The Gulf Oyster Industry: Seizing a 

Better Future. Louisiana Sea Grant College 

Program, Louisiana State University, Baton 

Rouge, LA. 17pp. 

Day, J. W., Jr., C. A. S. Hall, W. M. Kemp, A. YanezArancibia. 1989. Estuarine Ecology. John 

Wiley and Sons, New York. 558 pp. 

Eastern Oyster Biological Review Team. 2007. Status 

review of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea 

virginica). Report to the National Marine 

Fisheries Service, Northeast Regional Office. 

February 16, 2007. 105 pp. 

El-Sayed, S. 1961. Hydrological and Biological Studies of 

the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Project: A 

Summary Report. Department of Oceanography 

and Meteorology, Texas A & M University, 

College Station, Texas. 

Environmental Work Group. 1998. Wetland Value 

Assessment Methodology and Community 

Models. Environmental Work Group, Coastal 

Wetland Planning, Protection, and Restoration 

Act (CWPPRA). 13 pp. + appendices. 

Fontenot, B.J., Jr., and H.E. Rogillo. 1970. A Study of 

Estuarine Sportfishes in the Biloxi Marsh 

Complex. Louisiana Wildlife and Fisheries 

Commission, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 172 pp. 

Hawes, S. R., and H. M. Perry. 1978. Effects of 1973 

floodwaters on plankton populations in 

Louisiana and Mississippi. Gulf Research 

Reports 6(2):109-124. 

Jensen, L. 2001. “State calls on trappers to go wild pig 

hunting: Hungry hogs tear up levees.” The 

Times-Picayune, 8 January 2001:B1-2. 

Jones, K. R., and H. A. Franks. 1993. Cultural Resources 

Survey of the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet 

Dredged Material Disposal Areas, St. Bernard 

Parish, Louisiana. Earth Search Inc., New 

Orleans, Louisiana. Submitted to the U.S. Army 

Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District. 

Keown, M. P., E. A. Dardeau, Jr., and E. M. Causey. 

1981. Characterization of the suspendedsediment regime and bed-material gradation of 

the Mississippi River Basin Potamology 

Program (P-1), Report 1. U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station 

Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, 

Mississippi. 

Kesel, R. H. 1988. The decline in the suspended sediment 

load of the lower Mississippi River and its 

influence on adjacent wetlands. Environmental 

Geology and Water Science 11:271-281. 

Kilgen, R. H., and R. J. Dugas. 1989. The ecology of 

oyster reefs of the northern Gulf of Mexico: an 

open file report . NWRC-open file rep. 89-02. 

Knox. G. A. 2001. The Ecology of Seashores. CRC Press 

LLC, Boca Raton, Florida. 557 pp. 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

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Kryter, K. D. 1994. The Handbook of Hearing and the 

Effects of Noise: Physiology, and Public Health. 

McGraw Hill, New York. 

Labadia, C., K. Coyle, N. Heller, P. Heinrich, J. Pincoske, 

and W. P. Athens. 2007. Phase I Cultural 

Resources Survey and Archaeological Inventory 

of the Proposed Mississippi River Gulf Outlet 

Dredged Material FY 98 Disposal Areas, St. 

Bernard Parish, Louisiana. Draft report 

submitted to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 

New Orleans District. 

Laiche, G. 1993. The status of oyster leases and leasing 

practices in Breton Sound. Louisiana 

Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 

Unpublished. 

Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation. 2006. 

Pontchartrain Coastal Lines of Defense Program 

Projects. Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation, 

Louisiana. 

Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration 

Task Force. 2006. Coastal Wetlands Planning, 

Protection, and Restoration Act – Wetland Value 

Assessment Methodology: Procedural Manual. 

Environmental Workgroup. 23 pp. 

Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration 

Task Force and the Wetlands Conservation and 

Restoration Authority. 1999. Coast 2050: 

Toward a Sustainable Coastal Louisiana, The 

Appendices, Appendix C-Region 1 

Supplemental Information. Louisiana 

Department of Natural Resources. Baton Rouge, 

La. 

Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. 2005. 

2004 Water Quality Integrated Report. 

Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, 

Water Quality Assessment Division, Water 

Quality Inventory Section 305(b). Baton Rouge, 

Louisiana. 

Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality. 2006. 

2005 Annual Report on National Air Monitoring 

Stations (NAMS) and State and Local Air 

Monitoring Stations (SLAMS) and 2005 

Louisiana Ambient Air Monitoring Network 

Assessment. Louisiana Department of 

Environmental Quality, Office of Environmental 

Assessment, Air Quality Assessment Division, 

Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 81 pp. 

Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals. 2009. 

May August 2009 Re-Classification Line – 

Frame 4: Lake Borgne – Mississippi Sound. 

Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, 

Office of Public Health, Molluscan Shellfish 

Program, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 

Louisiana Department of Natural Resources. 2005. 

Ecological Review. Lake Borgne and MR-GO 

Shoreline Protection CWPPRA Priority Project 

List 12 State No. PO-32. Louisiana Department 

of Natural Resources, Coastal Restoration 

Division. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2000. 

Database Description. Louisiana Department of 

Wildlife and Fisheries, Office of Fisheries, 

Marine Fisheries Division, Baton Rouge, 

Louisiana. 

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries. 2005. 

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries 

2004-2005 Annual Report. Louisiana 

Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton 

Rouge, La. 58 pp. 

Louisiana Department Of Wildlife and Fisheries, 

Louisiana Sea Grant, EPA Gulf of Mexico 

Program, Louisiana Aquatic Invasive Species 

Task Force. March 2003. State management 

plan for aquatic invasive species in Louisiana 

(incomplete). Center for Bioenvironmental 

Research at Tulane and Xavier Universities. 

81 pp. 

Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission. 1958-

1959. Eighth Biennial Report: Louisiana Wild 

Life and Fisheries Commission. Division of 

Education and Publicity, Wild Life and Fisheries 

Commission, Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries 

Building, New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Marshall, Bob. 2007. “Fishing Report.” New Orleans 

Times-Picayune 20 Apr 2007. 

(http://www.nola.com/sports/tp/index.ssf?/base/sports30/1177050133184120.xml&coll=1) 

Mitsch, W. J. and J. G. Gosselink. 1993. Wetlands. 2nd 

Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 

USA. 722 pp. 

Morton, R., J. Bernier, J. Barras, and N. Fernia. 2005. 

Rapid subsidence and historical wetland loss in 

the Mississippi Delta Plain, likely causes and 

future implications: U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 2005-1216, 124 pp. 

http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1216/, accessed 

August 9, 2006.

National Audubon Society. 2007. “Louisiana identifies 

first six important bird areas.” Online press 

release, 

http://www.audubon.org/bird/iba/louisiana/LA_I

BA_042307.pdf. National Audubon Society. 

National Marine Fisheries Service. 2001. Fisheries of the 

United States, 2000. National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration, United States 

Department of Commerce. Silver Spring, 

Maryland. 

National Marine Service. 2003. Fisheries Statistics and 

Economics Division, Silver Spring, Maryland, 

personal communication. 

Penland, S., A. Beall and J. Kindinger (eds.). 2002. 

Environmental atlas of the Lake Pontchartrain 
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Basin. Prepared for Lake Pontchartrain Basin 

Foundation, University of New Orleans, U.S. 

Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency. U.S. Geological Survey 

Open-File Report 02-206. New Orleans, 

Louisiana. 194 pp. 

Perret, W. S., B. B. Barrett, W. R. Latapie, J. F. Pollard, 

W. R. Mock, G. B. Adkins, W. J. Gaidry, and C. 

J. White. 1971. Cooperative Gulf of Mexico 

estuarine inventory and study, Louisiana. 

Louisiana Wild Life and Fisheries Commission, 

New Orleans, Louisiana. 

Rounsefell, G. 1964. Preconstruction Study of the 

Fisheries of the Estuarine Areas Traversed by the 

Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet Project. Bureau of 

Commercial Fisheries, Louisiana Fish and 

Wildlife Service, Fisheries Bulletin, 63 (2): 373-

393. 

Schexnayder, M., and R. Caffey. 2002. Diversion, Antidiversions and Coastal Fisheries. Proceeding of 

Basics of the Basin Research Symposium, 

University of New Orleans. May 2002. 

Tate, J. N., A. R. Carillo, R. C. Berger, and B. J. 

Thibodeaux. 2002. Salinity Changes in 

Pontchartrain Basin Estuary, Louisiana, 

Resulting from Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet 

Partial Closure Plans and Width Reduction. 

ERDC/CHL TR-02-12. U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers, Engineer Research and Development 

Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi. 

Thompson, B. A., and G. R. Fitzhugh. 1985. Synthesis 

and Analysis of Lake Pontchartrain 

Environments, Influencing Factors and Trends. 

Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, 

Office of Water Resources. Interagency 

Agreement No. 64003-83-05. Contribution 

LSU-CFI-84-28. 

Thompson, B. A., and J. H. Stone. 1980. Selected 

Commercial Fish and Shellfish From Lake 

Pontchartrain, LA During 1963-1975, Some 

Influencing Factors and Possible Trends. in: J. 

H. Stone (ed.), Environmental Analysis of Lake 

Pontchartrain, La, Its Surrounding Wetlands and 

Selected Land Uses. Center for Wetlands 

Research, Louisiana State University, Baton 

Rouge, Louisiana. 

Turner, R. E., J. J. Baustian, E. M. Swenson, and J. S. 

Spicer. 2006. Wetland Sedimentation from 

Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Science, Vol. 314. 

No. 5798, pp. 449 – 452. 

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1991. Environmental 

Assessment # 152: Mississippi River – Gulf 

Outlet. St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana. Bank 

Stabilization, Miles 50.5 to 55.0. US Army 

Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District; 

Planning, Programs, and Project Management 

Division, Environmental Compliance Branch, 

New Orleans, Louisiana. 

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1996. Environmental 

Assessment, Mississippi River – Gulf Outlet, 

Louisiana, Bank Stabilization, Miles 55.0 to 

56.1, St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana EA No. 247. 

New Orleans, Louisiana. 

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1998. Environmental 

Assessment, Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet, 

Louisiana, South of Lake Borgne, Additional 

Disposal Areas, St. Bernard Parish, LA. EA No. 

269. New Orleans, Louisiana. 

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1999. Environmental 

Assessment, Mississippi River – Gulf Outlet, 

Louisiana, Mile 43 to 41 North Bank 

Stabilization, St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana. EA 

No. 288. New Orleans, Louisiana. 

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2001. Environmental 

Assessment, Mississippi River – Gulf Outlet, 

Louisiana, Shell Beach Disposal Areas, St. 

Bernard Parish, Louisiana. EA No. 277. New 

Orleans, Louisiana. 

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2002. Environmental 

Assessment, Mississippi River – Gulf Outlet, 

Louisiana, Miles 32-37 Additional Disposal 

Areas – Hopedale Marshes, St. Bernard Parish, 

Louisiana. EA No. 349. New Orleans, 

Louisiana. 

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2003. Environmental 

Assessment, Mississippi River Gulf Outlet, 

Louisiana, Test Installation of Articulated 

Concrete Mattressing Mile 39.0 to 38.0. St. 

Bernard Parish, Louisiana. EA No. 361. New 

Orleans, Louisiana. 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2004. Louisiana Coastal 

Area (LCA), Louisiana Ecosystem Restoration 

Study Final Volume 2: Programmatic 

Environment Impact Statement. New Orleans, 

Louisiana. 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2007. Integrated Final 

Report to Congress and Legislative 

Environmental Impact Statement for the 

Mississippi River – Gulf Outlet Deep-Draft Deauthorization Study. U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers, Louisiana. 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2008. Draft Individual 

Environmental Report #11 – Improved 

Protection on the Inner Harbor Navigation 

Canal, Orleans and St. Bernard Parishes, 

Louisiana, Tier 2 Borgne. U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers, Louisiana. 

U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation 

Service. 1989. Soil Survey of St. Bernard 

Parish, Louisiana. U.S. Government Printing 

Office, Washington, DC. 96 pp. 

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1993. Pallid Sturgeon 

Recovery Plan. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 

Bismarck, North Dakota. 55 pp. 
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U.S. Geological Survey. 1998. Carbon Storage and Late 

Holocene Chronstratigraphy of a Mississippi 

River Deltaic Marsh, St. Bernard Parish, 

Louisiana, First Report: Mississippi Basin 

Carbon Project Process Studies. U.S. Geological 

Survey Open-File Report 98-36. 

U. S. Geological Survey. 2000. Nutria-Eating Louisiana’s 

Coast. Fact sheet. U.S. Geological Survey, 

National Wetlands Research Center Available on 

the Internet. Accessed January 13, 2003. 

U. S. Geological Survey. 2006. USGS Reports Latest 

Land-Water Changes for Southeastern 

Louisiana. 

U. S. Geological Survey and Louisiana Department of 

Transportation and Development. 2002. 

Groundwater status in Louisiana. Online 

presentation, LDOTD website: 

http://www.dotd.state.la.us/intermodal/wells/gro

und_water_status.ppt. 

Warren, D. 2004. Phase I Terrestrial and Submerged 

Cultural Resources Survey Report of the 

Proposed Lake Borgne Bank Stabilization 

Project at Bayou Dupre and Shell Beach, St. 

Bernard Parish, Louisiana. Report prepared for 

the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources 

by C&C Technologies. 

Wicker, K. M. 1980. The Mississippi Deltaic Plain 

habitat mapping study: U.S. Fish and Wildlife 

Service, Office of Biological Services. 

FWS/OBS 79/07, 464 maps. 

Wicker, K. M., G. J. Castille, III, D. J. Davis, S. M. 

Gagliano, D. W. Roberts, D. S. Sabins and R. A. 

Weinstein. 1982. St. Bernard Parish: A Study 

in Wetland Management. LA Dept. of Natural 

Resources, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 132 pp. 

Worm, B., E. B. Barbier, N. Beaumont, J. E. Duffy, C. 

Folke, B. S. Halpern, J. B. C. Jackson, H. K. 

Lotze, F. Micheli, S. R. Palumbi, E. Sala, K. A. 

Selkoe, J. J. Stachowicz, and R. Watson. 2006. 

Impacts of Biodiversity Loss on Ocean 

Ecosystem Services. Science. Vol. 314, No. 

5800, pp 787-790. 
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8.4 GLOSSARY 

Acceptability Adequate to satisfy a need, requirement, or standard. One of the USACE 

requirements for a project. 

Adaptive Management 

An interdisciplinary approach acknowledging our insufficient information base for 

decision-making; that uncertainty and change in managed resources are inevitable; 

and that new uncertainties will emerge. An iterative approach that includes 

monitoring and involves scientists, engineers and others who provide information 

and recommendations that are incorporated into management actions; results are 

then followed with further research, recommendations and management actions, 

and so on. 

Air Quality Determination 

The Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality ensures that projects do not 

adversely affect air quality through this determination as a requirement of the 

Clean Air Act. 

Alternative Plan A set of one of more management measures within a subprovince functioning 

together to address one or more objectives. 

Amplitude The maximum absolute value of a periodically varying quantity. 

Anadromous Ascending rivers from the sea for breeding. 

Anoxia Absence of oxygen. 

Anthropogenic Caused by human activity. 

Average Annual Habitat Unit 

(AAHU) 

Represent a numerical combination of habitat quality and quantity (acres) existing 

at any given point in time. The habitat units resulting from the future without- and 

future with-project scenarios are annualized, and averaged over the project life, to 

determine Average Annual Habitat Units (AAHUs). 

Benefits Valuation of positive performance measures. 

Benthic Living on or in sea, lake, or stream bottoms. 

Biomass The total mass of living matter (plant and animal) within a given unit of 

environmental area. 

Bottomland Hardwood Forest Low-lying forested wetlands found along streams and rivers. 

Brackish Marsh (BRM) Intertidal plant community typically found in the area of the estuary where salinity 

ranges between 4-15 ppt. 

Clean Water Act Section 404 

(b) (1) 

There are several sections of this Act which pertain to regulating impacts to 

wetlands. The discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United 

States is subject to permitting specified under Title IV (Permits and Licenses) of 

this Act and specifically under Section 404 (Discharges of Dredge or Fill Material) 

of the Act. 

Coastal Zone Consistency 

Determination 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reviews plans for activities in the 

coastal zone to ensure they are consistent with Federally approved State Coastal 

Management Programs under Section 307(c)(3)(B) of the Coastal Zone 

Management Act. 

Coast-wide Plan Combination of alternative plans assembled to address an objective or set of 

objectives across the entire Louisiana Coast. 

Collocated Team 

A collection of scientists and professionals from the U.S. Army Corps of 

Engineers, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, NOAA Fisheries, Natural Resources 

Conservation Service, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency, Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, and Louisiana Department 

of Wildlife and Fisheries that are located at the CEMVN office and work together 

on the LCA Plan. 

Comprehensive Plan Same as coast-wide Plan. 

Conditional Authorization 

Authorization for implementation of a project subject to approval of the project 

feasibility-level decision document by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for 

Civil Works. 
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Congressional Authorization 

Authorization for investigation to prepare necessary feasibility-level report to be 

recommended for authorization of potential future project construction by 

Congress. 

Connectivity Property of ecosystems that allows for exchange of resources and organisms 

throughout the broader ecosystem. 

Continental Shelf The edge of the continent under gulf waters; the shallow Gulf of Mexico fringing 

the coast. 

Control Structure A gate, lock, or weir that controls the flow of water. 

Cumulative Impacts The combined effect of all direct and indirect impacts to a resource over time. 

Datum A point, line, or surface used as a reference, as in surveying, mapping, or geology. 

Decomposition Breakdown or decay of organic materials. 

Degradation Phase The phase of the deltaic cycle when sediments are no longer delivered to a delta, 

and it experiences erosion, dieback, or breakup of marshes. 

Deltaic Cycle 

The repeating pattern of delta development, progression, and abandonment. As 

sediments are deposited at the mouth of the distributary channels, the delta 

progresses seaward. The main channel then switches to a new course with a 

shorter reach to the depositional basin. Abandoned delta lobes decrease in 

elevation due to continued subsidence and sediment compaction, resulting in 

retreat of the shoreline. Abandoned lobes may be partially or wholly covered by 

new lobes during later deltaic cycles. 

Deltaic Deposits Mud and sand deposited at the mouth of a river. 

Deltaic Plain The land formed and reworked as the Mississippi River switched channels in the 

eastern part of the Louisiana coastal area. 

Detritus The remains of plant material that has been destroyed or broken up. 

Dewatering The process of dredged sediments compacting while losing water after being 

deposited. 

Discharge The volume of fluid passing a point per unit of time, commonly expressed in cubic 

feet per second, millions of gallons per day, or gallons per minute. 

Dissolved Oxygen Oxygen dissolved in water, available for respiration by aquatic organisms. One of 

the most important indicators of the condition of a water body. 

Direct Impacts Those effects that result from the initial construction of a measure (e.g., marsh 

destroyed during the dredging of a canal). Contrast with “Indirect Impacts.” 

Diurnal Relating to or occurring in a 24-hour period; daily. 

Diversion 

A turning aside or alteration of the natural course or flow of water. In coastal 

restoration this usually consists of such actions as channeling water through a 

canal, pipe, or conduit to introduce water and water-borne resources into a 

receiving area. 

Dredged material 

embankments (Spoil Banks, 

Side-cast Banks, Excavated 

Material Banks) 

Dredged material removed from canals and piled in a linear mound along the edge 

of canals. 

Dynamic Characterized by continuous change and activity. 

Ecological Refers to the relationship between living things and their environment. 

Economic Of or relating to the production, development, and management of material wealth, 

as of a country, household, or business enterprise. 

Ecosystem 

An organic community of plants and animals viewed within its physical 

environment (habitat); the ecosystem results from the interaction between soil, 

climate, vegetation, and animal life. 

Ecosystem Restoration Activities that seek to return a organic community of plants and animals and their 

habitat to a previously existing or improved natural condition or function. 

Effectiveness Having an intended or expected effect. One of the USACE four requirements for 

a project. 

Efficiency The quality of exhibiting a high ratio of output to input. One of the USACE four 

requirements for a project. 

Egress A path or opening for going out; an exit. 
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Embankment A linear mound of earth or stone existing or built to hold back water or to support 

a roadway. 

Encroachment Entering gradually into an area not previously occupied, such as a plant species 

distribution changing in response to environmental factors such as salinity. 

Endangered Species Animals and plants that are threatened with extinction. 

Engineering News Record 

(ENR) 

A magazine that provides news needed by anyone in or from the 

construction industry. 

Enhance To augment or increase/heighten the existing state of an area. 

Environmental Impact 

Statement (EIS) 

A document that describes the positive and negative environmental effects of a 

proposed action and the possible alternatives to that action. The EIS is used by the 

Federal government and addresses social issues as well as environmental ones. 

Estuary A semi-enclosed body of water with freshwater input and a connection to the sea 

where fresh water and salt water mix. 

Estuarine Related to an estuary. 

Evaporation The process by which any substance is converted from a liquid state into, and 

carried off in, vapor; as, the evaporation of water. 

Exotic Species Animal and plant species not native to the area; usually undesirable (e.g., hyacinth, 

nutria, tallow tree, giant salvinia). 

Feasibility Report 

A description of a proposed action, previously outlined in a general fashion in a 

Reconnaissance Report, that will satisfy the Federal interest and address the 

problems and needs identified for an area. It must include an assessment of 

impacts to the environment (either in an Environmental Assessment, or the more 

robust Environmental Impact Statement), an analysis of alternative methods of 

completion, and the selection of a Recommended Plan through the use of a costeffectiveness analysis. 

Feature A constructible increment of an alternative plan. 

Federal Principals Group 

(FPG) 

A collaboration among Federal agencies at the Washington level to facilitate the 

flow of information, to provide guidance and recommendations to the USACE and 

LDNR throughout the study process, and to facilitate resolution of any interagency 

issues that may be identified in the conduct of the study. 

Final Array The final grouping of the most effective coast wide plans from which a final 

recommendation can be made. 

Foreshore Dikes 

An embankment of earth and rock built to prevent floods or erosion that is built in 

the area of a shore that lies between the average high tide mark and the average 

low tide mark. 

Framework Development 

Team (FDT) 

A group of professionals from various Federal and state agencies, academia and 

the public formed to provide a forum for individual members to discuss LCA 

Comprehensive Study activities and technical issues and to provide individual 

comments to the Senior Management Committee. 

Fresh Marsh Intertidal herbaceous plant community typically found in that area of the estuary 

with salinity ranging from 0-3 ppt. 

Furbearer An animal whose skin is covered with fur (mammal), especially fur that is 

commercially valuable, such as muskrat, nutria, and mink. 

Geomorphic Related to the geological surface configuration. 

Goals Statements on what to accomplish and/or what is needed to address a problem 

without specific detail. 

Gradient A slope; a series of progressively increasing or decreasing differences in a system 

or organism. 

Habitat The place where an organism lives; part of physical environment in which a plant 

or animal lives. 

Habitat Loss The disappearance of places where target groups of organisms live. In coastal 

restoration, usually refers to the conversion of marsh or swamp to open water. 

Habitat Units (HUs) Represent a numerical combination of quality (HSI) and quantity (acres) existing 

at any given point in time. The HUs resulting from the future without- and future 
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FEIS June 2009 

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with-project scenarios are annualized, and averaged over the project life, to 

determine Average Annual Habitat Units (AAHUs). The “benefit” of a project can 

be quantified by comparing AAHUs between the future without- and future withproject scenarios. The difference in AAHUs between the two scenarios represents 

the net benefit attributable to the project in terms of habitat quantity and quality. 

Hazardous, Toxic, and 

Radioactive Wastes (HTRW) 

Wastes that contain toxic constituents, or that may cause hazardous chemical 

reactions, including explosive or flammable materials, or radioactive wastes, 

which, if improperly managed, may present a hazard to human heath or 

the environment. 

Headland A point of land projecting into the sea or other expanse of water, still connected 

with the mainland. 

Herbaceous A plant with no persistent woody stem above ground. 

Hydrodynamic The continuous change or movement of water. 

Hydrology The pattern of water movement on the earth's surface, in the soil and underlying 

rocks, and in the atmosphere. 

Hypoxia The condition of low dissolved oxygen concentrations. 

Indemnification Insurance against or compensation for loss or damage. 

Indirect Impacts 

Those effects that are not as a direct result of project construction, but occur as 

secondary impacts due to changes in the environment brought about by the 

construction. Contrast with “Direct Impacts.” 

Infrastructure 

The basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a 

community or society, such as transportation and communications systems, water 

and power lines, and public institutions including schools, post offices, 

and prisons. 

Ingress An entrance or the act of entering. 

Inorganic Not derived from living organisms; mineral; matter other than plant or animal. 

Interdistributary Deposits Sand and mud deposited between the river channels or between bayous. 

Intermediate Marsh Intertidal herbaceous plant community typically found in that area of the estuary 

with salinity ranging from 2-5 ppt. 

Intertidal Alternately flooded and exposed by tides. 

Invertebrates Animals without backbones, including shrimp, crabs, oysters, and worms. 

Larvae The stage in some animal’s life cycles between egg and adult (most invertebrates). 

Leeward Sheltered from the wind; away from the wind. 

Levee 

A linear mound of earth or stone built to prevent a river from overflowing; a long, 

broad, low ridge built by a stream on its flood plain along one or both banks of its 

channel in time of flood. 

Locally Preferred Plan (LPP) Alternative plan preferred by local sponsor if other than the Recommended Plan. 

Maintain To keep in existing state. 

Methodology A set of practices, procedures, and rules. 

Mineral Substrate Soil composed predominately of mineral rather than organic materials; less than 

20 percent organic material. 

Mudflats Flat, unvegetated wetlands subject to periodic flooding and minor wave action. 

National Ecosystem 

Restoration (NER) 

USACE standard for cost-effectiveness based on ecosystem, not 

economic, benefits. 

Near-shore Currents Movement of water parallel to the shoreline. Usually generated by waves breaking 

on the shore at an angle other than perpendicular. 

National Environmental 

Policy Act (NEPA) 

Ensures that Federal agencies consider the environmental impacts of their actions 

and decisions. NEPA requires all Federal agencies to consider the values of 

environmental preservation for all significant actions and prescribes procedural 

measures to ensure that those values are fully respected. 

Net Gain The amount of cumulative land gain less land loss, when gain is greater than loss. 

Net Loss The amount of cumulative land gain less land loss, when gain is less than loss. 

No Action Alternative The alternative in the DEIS which describes the ecosystem of the coastal area if no 

restoration efforts/projects were done. 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 10

Nursery A place for larval or juvenile animals to live, eat, and grow. 

Objectives More specific statements than “Goals,” describing how to achieve the 

desired targets. 

Organic Composed of or derived from living things. 

Oscillations Fluctuations back and forth, or up and down. 

Oxidation of Organic Matter The decomposition (rotting, breaking down) of plant material through exposure 

to oxygen. 

Oxygen-depleted Situation of low oxygen concentrations where living organisms are stressed. 

Planning Scale 

Planning term that reflects the degree to which environmental processes would be 

restored or reestablished, and the resulting ecosystem and landscape changes that 

would be expected over the next 50 years. This uppermost scale is referred to as 

“Increase.” No net loss of ecosystem function is “Maintain.” Reducing the 

projected rate of loss of function is “Reduce.” The lowest possible scale was no 

further action above and beyond existing projects and programs. 

Post-larval Stage in an animal’s lifecycle after metamorphosis from the larval stage, but not 

yet fully grown. 

Potable Water Water that is fit to drink. 

ppt Parts per thousand. The salinity of ocean water is approximately 35 ppt. 

Prime Farmland 

Land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for 

producing food, feed, fiber, forage, oilseed, and other agricultural crops with 

minimum inputs of fuel, fertilizer, pesticides, and labor, and without intolerable 

soil erosion. One of the categories of concern in the EIS. 

Principles 

Framing statements that can be used to evaluate alternatives while considering 

issues that affect them. Used along with targets and assessments of ecosystem 

needs to provide guidance in formulation of alternative plans. 

Productivity Growth of plants and animals. 

Progradation The phase during the deltaic cycle where land is being actively accreted through 

deposition of river sediments near the mouth. 

Programmatic Environmental 

Impact Statement (PEIS) 

And Environmental Impact Statement that supports a broad authorization for 

action, contingent on more specific detailing of impacts from specific measures. 

Province A major division of the coastal area of Louisiana. (e.g., Deltaic Plain and 

Chenier Plain). 

Pulsing Letting a diversion flow periodically at a high rate for a short time, rather 

than continuously. 

Quantitative Able to assign a specific number; susceptible to measurement. 

Rebuild To some extent build back a structure/landform that had once existed. 

Reconnaissance Report 

A document prepared as part of a major authorization that examines a problem or 

need and determines if sufficient methods and Federal interest exists to address the 

problem/need. If so, then a “Feasibility Report” is prepared, which details the 

solution and its impacts further. 

Reduce To diminish the rate or speed of a process. 

Regional Working Group 

(RWG) 

An inter-agency team formed to support the Washington-level Federal Principal’s 

Group and to facilitate regional level collaboration and coordination on the 

LCA study. 

Rehabilitate To focus on historical or pre-existing ecosystems as models or references while 

emphasizing the reparation of ecosystem processes, productivity and service. 

Relative Sea Level Change The sum of the sinking of the land (subsidence) and eustatic sea level change; the 

change in average water level with respect to the surface. 

Restore 

Return a wetland to an approximation of its condition or function prior to 

disturbance by modifying conditions responsible for the loss or change; reestablish the function and structure of that ecosystem. 

Saline Marsh Intertidal herbaceous plant community typically found in that area of the estuary 

with salinity ranging from 12-32 ppt. 

Salinity The concentration of dissolved salts in a body of water, commonly expressed as 

parts per thousand (ppt). 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 11

Salt Marshes See “Saline Marsh.” 

Scoping Soliciting and receiving public input to determine issues, resources, impacts, and 

alternatives to be addressed in the draft EIS. 

Sea level Long-term average position of the sea surface. 

Sediment Plume 

Caused by sediment rich rainwater runoff entering the ocean. The runoff creates a 

visible pattern of brown water that is rich in nutrients and suspended sediments 

that forms a kind of cloud in the water spreading out from the coastline. 

Commonly forms at river and stream mouths, near sloughs, and along coasts 

where a large amount of rain runoff flows directly into the ocean. 

Sheet Flow Flow of water, sediment, and nutrients across a flooded wetland surface, as 

opposed to through channels. 

Shoaling The shallowing of an open-water area through deposition of sediments. 

Social Relating to human society and its modes of organization. 

Socioeconomic Involving both social and economic factors. 

Stabilize To fix the level or fluctuation of; to make stable. 

State Historic Preservation 

Office (SHPO) 

The part of the Louisiana Department of Culture, Recreation, and Tourism that 

deals with Native American sites and other archaeological/historic sites. 

Stillstand A period of time when sea level did not change. 

Storm Overwash The process by which sand is transposed landward over the dunes during a storm 

event by waves. 

Storm Surge An abnormal and sudden rise of the sea along a shore as a result of the winds of 

a storm. 

Strategy Ecosystem restoration concept from the Coast 2050 Plan. 

Stream Gauging Data Records of water levels in streams and rivers. 

Submergence Going under water. 

Subprovince 

The divisions of the two Provinces (see “Province”) into smaller groupings: 

1) east of the Mississippi River; 2) west of the Mississippi River to Bayou 

Lafourche; 3) Bayou Lafourche to Freshwater Bayou; 4) Freshwater Bayou to 

Sabine River. 

Subsidence The gradual downward settling or sinking of the Earth’s surface with little or no 

horizontal motion. 

Sustain To support and provide with nourishment to keep in existence; maintain. 

Target A desired ecosystem state that meets and objective or set of objectives. 

Terrestrial Habitat The land area or environment where an organism lives; as distinct from water or 

air habitats. 

Toxicity The measure of how poisonous something is. 

Transpiration The process by which water passes through living plants into the atmosphere. 

Turbidity The level of suspended sediments in water; opposite of clarity or clearness. 

Upland A general term for non-wetland elevated land above low areas along streams or 

between hills. 

Water Resource Units 

(WRU) 

Stage-damage data developed as part of the Flood Damage Estimation System 

(FDES) in 1980 for the Mississippi River and Tributaries (MR&T) project were 

used to estimate the flood damages that are expected to occur in Subprovinces 1, 2, 

and 3. The data collected for the FDES were delineated into geographic areas with 

homogenous physical and hydraulic characteristics. These geographic areas were 

numerically coded and designated as Water Resource Units (WRUs). Within each 

WRU, land-use elements (structures, cropland, roads, bridges, railroads, etc.) were 

categorized by location, value, and corresponding depth-damage relationship. The 

structural damage categories included: residential, commercial, industrial, public, 

and farm buildings. 

Water Resources 

Development Act (WRDA) 

A bill passed by Congress that provides authorization and/or appropriation for 

projects related to the conservation and development of water and 

related resources. 

Weir A dam placed across a canal or river to raise, divert, regulate or measure the flow 

of water. 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 12

8.5 ACRONYMS 

AAHU Average Annual Habitat Unit 

ACHP Advisory Council on Historic Preservation 

ACM Articulated Concrete Mattressing (revetment) 

AEAM Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management 

ARS Local Rate of Subsidence 

ASA (CW) Assistant Secretary of the Army (for Civil Works) 

BAT Best Available Technology Economically Achievable 

BCT Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology 

BMP Best Management Practices 

BPD Barrels Per Day 

BRM Brackish Marsh 

BTNEP Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program 

BTU BTU – British Thermal Units 

BU BU – Benefits Units 

CDP Census Designated Places 

CEMVN United States Army Corps of Engineers – Mississippi Valley Division, New Orleans 

District 

CE/IC Cost Effectiveness and Incremental Cost 

CE/ICA Cost Effectiveness and Incremental Cost Analysis 

CELSS Coastal Ecological Landscape Spatial Simulation 

CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act 

CFR Code of Federal Regulations 

CFS Cubic Foot Per Second 

COM Compaction Fraction 

CP Conceptual Plan 

CRT Coastal Restoration Team 

CSVR Contents-to-Structure Value Ratio 

CWA Clean Water Act 

CWPPRA Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act 

CY Cubic Yards 

CYR Cubic Yards Per Year 

D Water Depth 

dbl Decibels 

DD Decision Documents 

DEQ Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality 

DM Decision Makers 

DO Dissolved Oxygen 

E&D Engineering and Design 

EIS Environmental Impact Statement 

EMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program 

ENR Engineering News Record 

EP Engineering Pamphlet 

FDES Flood Damage Estimation System 

FDT Framework Development Team 

FEMA Department of Homeland Defense – Federal Emergency Management Agency 

FHWA Federal Highway Administration 

FPG Federal Principals Group 

FCSA Feasibility Cost Share Agreement 

FTL Functional Team Leader 

FWA Future With The Alternative 

FWO or FWOP Future Without Project 

FY Fiscal Year 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 13

GIWW Gulf Intracoastal Waterway 

GIS Geographic Information System 

H&H Hydrology and Hydraulics 

HSI Habitat Suitability Index 

HSIQL Habitat Suitability Index That Reflects Quality of Habitat 

HTRW Hazardous, Toxic, or Radioactive Waste 

HQU Habitat Quality Units 

HUD Housing and Urban Development 

IHNC Inner Harbor Navigation Canal 

INT Interspersion 

IPT Interdisciplinary Planning Team 

ITR Independent Technical Review 

IWR Institute for Water Resources 

LCA Louisiana Coastal Area 

LDEQ Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality 

LDNR Louisiana Department of Natural Resources 

LDOTD Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development 

LDWF Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries 

LERRD Land, Easements, Rights of Way, Relocation, and Disposal 

LPP Locally Preferred Plan 

LSU Louisiana State University 

MCACES Microcomputer Aided Cost Estimating System 

MCFS Marsh Creation Feasibility Study 

MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization 

MR&T Mississippi River and Tributaries 

MRC Mississippi River Commission 

MRGO Mississippi River Gulf Outlet 

MS4s Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems 

MVD U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Valley Division 

MVN U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Valley Division, New Orleans District 

NE Northeast 

NED National Economic Development 

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act 

NER National Ecosystem Restoration 

NG Natural Gas 

NGVD National Geodetic Vertical Datum 

NHPA National Historic Preservation Act 

NMFS Department of Commerce – National Marine Fisheries Service 

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 

NRC National Research Council 

NRCS Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Conservation Service 

NRHP National Register of Historic Places 

NTRC National Technical Review Committee 

NW Northwest 

NWR National Wildlife Refuge 

OMRR&R Operating, Maintaining, Repairing, Replacing, and Rehabilitating 

OSI Overall Suitability Index 

O&M Operations and Maintenance 

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 

P&G Principles & Guidelines 

PBMO Plan that Best Meets Objectives 

PCA Project Cost Agreement 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 14

PDT Project Delivery Team 

PED Preconstruction, Engineering, and Design 

PEIS Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement 

PIERS Port Import Export Reporting Service 

PIR Project Implementation Report 

PMT Project Management Team 

PPM Parts Per Million 

Q Discharge 

RET Retention Fraction 

RR Railroad 

RSLR Relative Sea Level Rise 

RV Recreational Vehicle 

RWG Regional Work Group 

S&A Supervision and Administration 

SELA Southeast Louisiana 

ShP Shoreline Protection 

SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer 

SL Sediment Load 

SLU Southern Louisiana University 

SP Selected Plan 

SPR Strategic Petroleum Reserve 

SS Scrub Shrub 

SUB Local Subsidence Amount 

SW Southwest 

SWPPP Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan 

TMDL Total Maximum Daily Load 

TSP Tentatively Selected Plan 

TVA Tennessee Valley Authority 

ULL University of Louisiana at Lafayette 

UNO University of New Orleans 

UPL Upland 

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers 

USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency 

USFDA United States Food and Drug Administration 

USFWS Department of Interior – U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

USGS Department of Interior – United States Geological Survey 

VE/ITR Value Engineering/ Independent Technical Review 

VT Vertical Team 

WCSC Waterborne Commerce Statistics Center 

WEFA Wharton Economic Forecasting Associates 

WLO Wax Lake Outlet 

WRDA Water Resource Development Act 

WRU Water Resource Units 

WVA Wetlands Value Assessment 

WW Waterway 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 15

8.6 INDEX 

Executive Summary 

Articulated Concrete Mattresses (ACM), 4 

Average Annual Habitat Units (AAHUs), 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 

Bayou Bienvenue, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 

Bayou Dupre, 4, 5, 9, 10 

Bayou La Loutre, 7, 8 

Brackish marsh, 1, 4, 5 

Cultural resources, 6 

Cumulative impacts, 6, 8 

CWPPRA, 6, 8 

Direct impacts, 5, 7 

Dissolved oxygen, 7 

Endangered and threatened species, 6 

Essential fish habitat, 1, 6, 8 

Fisheries, 1, 2, 6, 8 

Floatation access, 4, 5 

Foreshore rock dikes, 4 

Freshwater diversion, 3 

Golden Triangle, 4, 5, 9, 10 

Greater New Orleans Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System (GNOHSDRRS), 6, 7, 8 

Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW), 1, 7, 8 

Habitat, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 

Hurricanes, 1, 2 

Indirect impacts, 5, 7, 8, 9 

Lake Borgne, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 

Land bridge, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 

Levees, 1, 3 

Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA), 7 

Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 2 

Navigation, 2, 5, 6 

Net benefits, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 

No Action Alternative, 3, 5, 6 

Oyster leases, 6 

Principles and Guidelines, 9 

Project area, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 

Recreation, 6, 8 

Ridge restoration, 3 

Saline marsh, 1, 4, 5 

Saltwater barriers, 3 

Saltwater intrusion, 1, 2, 3, 9, 10 

Shell Beach, 4, 5, 9, 10 

Shoreline erosion, 1, 2, 3, 5 

Shoreline protection, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 

Storm surge, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 10 

Supplemental Appropriation Acts, 2 

Selected Plan (SP), 7, 8, 9, 10 

Tropical storms, 1 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District (CEMVN), 1, 2 

Vegetative plantings, 3 

Violet, Louisiana, 7, 8 

Water Resources Development Act (WRDA), 6, 7, 8 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 16

Wetland creation and nourishment, 3, 4, 5 

Wetlands, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 

Wildlife, 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 

Chapter 1 

Bayou Bienvenue, 13, 16 

Bayou La Loutre, 2, 9, 15, 16 

Brackish marsh, 2, 4 

Closure structure, 2, 15, 16 

Coast 2050 Plan, 4, 6, 7 

Coastal Impact Assistance Program (CIAP), 14 

Comprehensive Master Plan, 4, 7, 15 

Council of Environmental Quality (CEQ), 1, 8, 17 

CWPPRA, 6, 7, 10, 12, 18 

Goals and objectives, 1 

Golden Triangle, 2, 16 

Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW), 2, 4, 8, 13, 16 

Hurricane, 1, 4, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 

Inner Harbor Navigation Canal (IHNC), 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 17 

Lake Borgne, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19 

Lake Pontchartrain Basin Foundation (LPBF), 4 

Land bridge, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13 

Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) Plan, 6, 7, 12 

Marsh creation, 7, 13, 16 

Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 

Mississippi Rivers and Tributaries Act (MR&T), 9 

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 1, 7, 8, 17 

Navigation, 1, 4, 6, 12, 13, 15, 16 

Project area, 1, 2, 3, 6, 14, 15 

Purpose, 1, 2, 12 

Shoreline protection, 7 

Storm surge, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 13, 14, 17 

Supplemental Appropriations Acts, 1, 13, 16 

Selected Plan (SP), 2 

Tropical storm, 3 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District (CEMVN), 1, 3, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 1 

Water Resources Development Act (WRDA) of 2007, 2, 12, 13, 15 

Chapter 2 

Alternatives, 1, 2, 8, 15, 23, 32 

Articulated Concrete Mattresses (ACM), 3, 7, 8, 9, 12, 18, 19, 23, 25, 26 

Average Annual Habitat Units (AAHUs), 24, 26, 27, 44, 45 

Bank stabilization, 2, 11, 12, 13 

Bayou La Loutre, 5, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 32, 33, 55 

Borrow source, 2, 5, 18, 20 

Closure structure, 15, 32, 33, 36, 39, 55 

Coast 2050 Plan, 3, 5, 6, 15 

Concrete panels, 7, 8 

CWPPRA, 4, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20, 21, 32, 49, 54 

Endangered and threatened species, 32, 38 

Essential Fish Habitat (EFH), 32, 37 

Fish, 19, 20, 24, 32, 58 

Floatation access, 6, 7, 19, 49, 53, 54 

Freshwater diversions, 4, 15, 19 

Geotextile, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, 25, 28, 44, 49, 53 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 17

Golden Triangle, 4, 5, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 42, 44, 45, 56, 58 

Habitat Evaluation Procedure (HEP), 24 

Hurricane Katrina, 2 

Hurricane Rita, 2 

Lake Borgne, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 28, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 

45, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 

Land bridge, 3, 5, 6, 7, 16, 18, 21, 22, 32, 34, 54, 55, 58, 59 

Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) Plan, 3, 7 

Mississippi River, 5, 7, 15 

Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 32, 

33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 54, 55, 59 

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 3, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 54 

Navigation, 2, 3, 5, 32, 33, 41, 59 

Net benefit, 24, 34, 45, 49, 53, 57, 58 

No-Action Alternative, 24, 32, 33, 34 

Oyster leases, 6, 9, 18, 42, 45 

Plan formulation, 1, 2, 3, 21 

Principles and Guidelines (P&G), 1, 2 

Proctor Point, 5, 17, 18, 22, 23 

Project cost, 1, 3, 6, 8, 9, 16, 20, 22, 56, 59 

Project Delivery Team (PDT), 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 16, 21, 23 

Ridge restoration, 4, 14, 19 

Rock dikes, 2, 5, 7, 18, 19, 25, 34, 44 

Sheetpile, 2, 7, 9, 13, 46, 58 

Shell Beach, 5, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 34, 44, 45, 53, 56, 57 

Supplemental Appropriations Acts, 4 

Selected Plan (SP), 2, 4, 6, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 47, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District (CEMVN), 4, 23 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 24 

Vegetative plantings, 4, 7, 14, 15, 19 

Violet, Louisiana, 15, 17, 55 

Water Resources Development Act (WRDA), 3, 41 

Wetland creation, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 18, 21, 22, 23, 25, 28, 32, 35, 37, 44, 45, 46, 56, 57, 58 

Wetland Value Assessment (WVA), 24 

Wildlife, 8, 24, 32, 36, 55, 58 

Chapter 3 

Articulated Concrete Mattresses (ACM), 4 

Aesthetics, 1, 40 

Air quality, 1, 42 

American alligator, 11, 17, 25, 37 

Bayou Bienvenue, 30, 31, 34, 41, 51 

Bayou Dupre, 3, 8, 19, 31, 33, 41, 51 

Bayou La Loutre, 3, 4, 8, 29, 30, 34, 35, 45 

Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge, 35, 37 

Benthos, 1, 21 

Brackish marsh, 8, 11, 37 

Breton Sound, 2, 3, 17, 20, 29, 30, 33 

Closure structure, 30, 34, 45, 51 

Cultural resources, 1, 39, 40, 41 

Employment, 1, 45, 46 

Endangered and threatened species, 1, 11, 23, 25, 26 

Essential fish habitat (EFH), 1, 8, 14, 15, 22 

Fisheries, 1, 7, 17, 21, 23, 29, 46, 49 

Flood control, 1, 26, 50 

Fresh marsh, 2, 8, 10, 29, 34, 37 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 18

Geomorphic and physiographic setting, 1, 2 

Greater New Orleans Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System (GNOHSDRRS), 30, 34, 36, 50, 51 

Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW), 30, 31, 34, 45, 51 

Gulf sturgeon, 11, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26 

Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste (HTRW), 1, 54, 55 

Hurricane Gustav, 2 

Hurricane Katrina, 1, 8, 10, 31, 33, 40, 45, 51 

Hurricane protection, 1, 37, 50 

Hurricane Rita, 1, 8 

Hurricanes, 1, 2, 24, 30 

Hydrology, 1, 2, 29, 41 

Infrastructure, 1, 45 

Inner Harbor Navigation Canal, 26 

Intermediate marshes, 8 

Lake Borgne, 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 37, 40, 41, 50, 54 

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), 8, 11, 14, 17, 32, 41 

Louisiana National Heritage Program (LNHP), 26 

Marshhay cordgrass, 8 

Mississippi River, 2, 17, 20, 26, 29, 31, 42, 45 

Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16, 17, 18, 19, 23, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 45, 46, 

50, 51 

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 7, 11, 20, 29, 32, 44 

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), 8, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 46, 49 

Navigation, 1, 3, 29, 41, 45 

Neotropical migratory songbirds, 11 

Noise, 1, 42 

Oil, gas, and utilities, 1, 44 

Oyster leases, 1, 3, 50 

Pipelines, 1, 44, 46 

Piping plover, 23 

Plankton, 1, 20, 21 

Population, 1, 14, 25, 44, 50 

Proctor Point, 8 

Public lands, 37 

Recreation, 1, 37 

Saline marsh, 8, 10, 12 

Scenic rivers and bayous, 41 

Sea turtles, 25, 26 

Sediment resources, 30, 31 

Shell Beach, 3, 54, 55 

Smooth cordgrass, 8 

Soils, 1, 7 

Storm surge, 30, 51 

Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV), 8, 15, 23 

Tropical storms, 1, 2, 30 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 7, 11, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27 

Vegetation, 1, 7, 8, 10, 11, 22, 24, 30, 40, 41 

Water quality, 1, 19, 26, 31, 32, 33 

West Indian manatee, 11, 25, 26 

Wildlife, 1, 7, 8, 11, 14, 32, 35, 41, 42 

Chapter 4 

Aesthetics, 13, 62 

Air quality, 14, 65, 66 

Articulated Concrete Mattresses (ACM), 24, 29, 35, 58, 63, 64 

Bank stabilization, 11 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 19

Bayou Bienvenue, 24, 25, 29, 30, 48, 55, 60, 63, 70 

Bayou La Loutre, 3, 10, 13, 27, 31, 48, 50, 55, 56, 62, 67, 68, 70, 74, 76 

Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge, 12, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 

Benthic resources, 7 

Biological Opinion, 44, 46 

Brackish marsh, 3, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37, 42 

Closure structure, 23, 26, 27, 31, 48, 50, 55, 56, 67, 68, 70, 74, 76 

Coast 2050 Plan, 32, 33 

Coastal vegetation, 3, 22, 25, 26, 27, 30, 42 

Cultural resources, 13, 61, 62 

CWPPRA, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 34, 37, 47, 67, 78 

Dissolved oxygen, 35, 38, 40, 42, 53, 54, 74 

Essential Fish Habitat (EFH), 8, 19, 22, 28, 30, 31, 34, 36, 41, 42, 43, 46, 60, 68, 73 

Employment, 12, 16, 68, 69, 70 

Endangered and threatened species, 9, 44, 45, 46, 47 

Eustatic sea level rise, 48 

Fisheries, 5, 16, 19, 34, 37, 42, 43, 57, 59, 64, 68, 72, 73 

Floatation access, 24, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 44, 46, 50, 53, 74 

Flood control, 11, 20, 55, 70, 76, 77 

Fresh marsh, 3 

Golden Triangle, 20, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 48, 51, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 70, 77 

Greater New Orleans Hurricane and Storm Damage Risk Reduction System (GNOHSDRRS), 55, 56, 70, 77 

Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW), 17, 48, 55, 70, 71 

Gulf sturgeon, 9, 44, 46 

Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste (HTRW), 78 

Hurricane Katrina, 15, 16, 17, 20 

Hurricane Rita, 15, 16, 17, 20 

Hydrology, 10, 11, 31, 47, 49, 50, 77 

Infrastructure, 11, 15, 17, 18, 58, 67, 68, 69, 77 

Lake Borgne, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 

35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 75, 76, 

77, 78 

Land bridge, 1, 3, 10, 15, 17, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 58, 

62, 63, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76, 77, 78 

Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) Study, 22, 35 

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), 33, 35, 44, 46 

Navigation, 17, 48, 70, 71 

Neotropical migratory songbirds, 4, 22, 30, 33, 34 

Noise, 14, 63, 64, 65 

Oil and gas, 18, 25 

Oyster leases, 20, 73, 74, 75, 76 

Pipelines, 15, 18, 67, 68, 71, 72 

Piping plover, 44, 46 

Plankton, 6 

Population, 4, 5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 34, 65, 66 

Primary productivity, 22 

Public lands, 12, 59, 60 

Recreation, 12, 22, 57, 58, 59, 69 

Relative sea level rise, 10 

Saline marsh, 3, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 47, 51 

Scenic rivers and bayous, 13 

Sediments, 3, 11, 24, 28, 49, 50, 51, 53 

Shell Beach, 28, 29, 30, 33, 41, 51, 53 

Shoreline protection, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 

34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 

71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 20

Soil resources, 2, 23 

Storm surge, 15, 20, 30, 31, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 76, 77, 78 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, New Orleans District (CEMVN), 44 

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), 65 

Water quality, 11, 52 

Water Resources Development Act (WRDA), 17, 22, 23, 26, 27, 31, 48, 50, 55, 56, 67, 68, 70, 74, 76 

West Indian manatee, 44, 46 

Wetland creation, 1, 7, 11, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 

52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76 

Wildlife, 4, 22, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 43, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64 

Chapter 5 

Bayou La Loutre, 2 

CWPPRA, 1 

Hurricane Protection System, 2, 3 

Lake Borgne, 1, 2 

Land bridge, 1 

Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration (LACPR), 1, 2, 3 

Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ), 1 

Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries (LDWF), 1 

Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), 1, 2 

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 1 

Notice of Intent (NOI), 1 

Proposed action, 1, 2 

Scoping, 1, 3 

Storm surge, 3 

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (CEMVN), 1, 3 

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), 1 

Chapter 6 

Clean Air Act, 2, 5 

Clean Water Act, 1, 2 

Coastal Zone Management Act, 3 

Endangered and threatened species, 3, 5 

Environmental justice, 6, 7 

Farmland Protection Policy Act, 2, 6 

Fish and Wildlife Service Coordination Act Report, 3, 4 

Gulf sturgeon, 3, 4, 5 

Invasive species, 7 

Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, 1, 5 

Louisiana Department of Natural Resources, 3 

Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, 2, 5 

Migratory birds, 6 

National Historic Preservation Act, 2, 6 

Record of Decision (ROD), 1 

Selected Plan (SP), 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 

Tentatively Selected Plan (TSP), 3 

US Fish and Wildlife Service, 3, 4, 5 

West Indian manatee, 3, 4, 5 

Chapter 7 

Golden Triangle, 1, 2 

Lake Borgne, 1, 2 

Land bridge, 1, 2 

Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO), 1, 2 

Principals and Guidelines (P&G), 1 
Chapter 8 Distribution List and Other 

FEIS June 2009 

 8 – 21

Project cost, 2 

Saltwater intrusion, 1 

Shell Beach, 1, 2 

Shoreline erosion, 1 

Shoreline protection, 1, 2 

Storm surge, 1 

Selected Plan (SP), 1 

Wetland creation, 1, 2