Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 42053 

PENNSYLVANIA—1997 ANNUAL PM2.5 NAAQS—Continued 

[Primary and secondary] 

Designated area 

Designation Classification 

Date 1 Type Date 2 Type 

*******

1This date is 90 days after January 5, 2005, unless otherwise noted. 

2This date is July 2, 2014, unless otherwise noted. 

* * * * * 

PENNSYLVANIA—2006 24-HOUR PM2.5 NAAQS 

[Primary and secondary] 

Designated area 

Designation Classification 

Date 1 Type Date 2 Type 

*******

Lancaster, PA: 

Lancaster County ................................................................................................... July 16, 2015 .. Attainment ................

* * * * * * * 

1This date is 30 days after November 13, 2009, unless otherwise noted. 

2This date is July 2, 2014, unless otherwise noted. 

* * * * * 

[FR Doc. 2015–17471 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 

AGENCY 

40 CFR Part 82 

[EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118; FRL–9930–55– 

OAR] 

RIN 2060–AG12 

Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: 

Determination 30 for Significant New 

Alternatives Policy Program 

AGENCY: Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA). 

ACTION: Determination of acceptability. 

SUMMARY: This determination of 

acceptability expands the list of 

acceptable substitutes pursuant to the 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 

(EPA) Significant New Alternatives 

Policy (SNAP) program. This action lists 

as acceptable additional substitutes for 

use in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning; foam blowing; solvent 

cleaning; aerosols; and adhesives, 

coatings, and inks sectors. 

DATES: This determination is effective 

on July 16, 2015. 

ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket 

for this action under Docket ID No. 

EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

(continuation of Air Docket A–91–42). 

All electronic documents in the docket 

are listed in the index at 

www.regulations.gov. Although listed in 

the index, some information is not 

publicly available, i.e., Confidential 

Business Information (CBI) or other 

information whose disclosure is 

restricted by statute. Publicly available 

docket materials are available either 

electronically at www.regulations.gov or 

in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket 

(Nos. A–91–42 and EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/

DC), William J. Clinton West, Room 

3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., 

Washington, DC 20460. The Public 

Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 

4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, 

excluding legal holidays. The telephone 

number for the Public Reading Room is 

(202) 566–1744, and the telephone 

number for the Air Docket is (202) 566– 

1742. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202) 

343–9624, by email at wozniak.gerald@

epa.gov, or by mail at U.S. 

Environmental Protection Agency, Mail 

Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue 

NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight 

or courier deliveries should be sent to 

the office location at 1201 Constitution 

Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004. 

For more information on the Agency’s 

process for administering the SNAP 

program or criteria for the evaluation of 

substitutes, refer to the original SNAP 

rulemaking published in the Federal 

Register on March 18, 1994 (59 FR 

13,044). Notices and rulemakings under 

the SNAP program, as well as other EPA 

publications on protection of 

stratospheric ozone, are available at 

EPA’s Ozone Depletion Web site at 

www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html 

including the SNAP portion at 

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes 

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

B. Foam Blowing 

C. Solvent Cleaning 

D. Aerosols 

E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks 

II. Section 612 Program 

A. Statutory Requirements and Authority 

for the SNAP Program 

B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing 

Section 612 

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP 

Program Work 

D. Additional Information about the SNAP 

Program 

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New 

Acceptable Substitutes 

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes 

This action presents EPA’s most 

recent decision to list as acceptable 

several substitutes in the refrigeration 

and air conditioning; foam blowing; 

solvent cleaning; aerosols; and 

adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors. 

New substitutes are: 

• R–450A in new vending machines; 

• R–448A in several refrigeration and 

air conditioning end-uses; 

• R–513A in several refrigeration and 

air conditioning end-uses; 

• R–449A in several refrigeration and 

air conditioning end-uses; 


tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
42054 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

1Hydrofluoroolefins are unsaturated 

hydrofluorocarbons having at least one double 

bond. 

2Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this 

document are from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 

2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of 

Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report 

of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 

[Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z., 

Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor M., and Miller, 

H. L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, 

Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, 

USA. This document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/ 

publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html. 

3Hodnebrog, ;., Etminan, M., Fuglestvedt, J. S., 

Marston, G., Myhre, G., Nielsen, C. J., Shine, K. P., 

Wallington, T. J., Global Warming Potentials and 

Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Related 

Compounds: A Comprehensive Review, Reviews of 

Geophysics, 51, 300–378, doi:10.1002/rog.20013, 

2013; Javadi, M. S., S<ndergaard, R., Nielsen, O. J., 

Hurley, M. D., and Wallington, T. J.: Atmospheric 

chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHF: products and 

mechanisms of hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom 

initiated oxidation. Atmospheric Chemistry and 

Physics, 8, 3141–3147, 2008. 

4For more information, including definitions, see 

40 CFR part 82 subpart F. 

5This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 

hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)–22 with an ODP 

of 0.055. 

6Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R– 

441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in 

this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to 

a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 grams 

(g) or less and thus may limit their use for 

equipment that requires larger charge sizes. 

• Hydrofluoroolefin 1 (HFO)- 

1336mzz(Z) in rigid polyurethane spray 

foam (high-pressure, two-part uses 

only); and 

• Methoxytridecafluoroheptene 

isomers (MPHE) in non-mechanical heat 

transfer, three solvent cleaning enduses, aerosol solvents, and adhesives 

and coatings. 

For copies of the full list of acceptable 

substitutes for ozone depleting 

substances (ODS) in all industrial 

sectors, visit EPA’s Ozone Layer 

Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/

ozone/snap/lists/index.html. Substitutes 

listed as unacceptable; acceptable, 

subject to narrowed use limits; or 

acceptable, subject to use conditions are 

also listed in the appendices to 40 CFR 

part 82, subpart G. 

The sections below discuss each 

substitute listing in detail. Appendix A 

contains tables summarizing today’s 

listing decisions for these new 

substitutes. The statements in the 

‘‘Further Information’’ column in the 

tables provide additional information, 

but are not legally binding under section 

612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In 

addition, the ‘‘Further Information’’ 

column may not include a 

comprehensive list of other legal 

obligations you may need to meet when 

using the substitute. Although you are 

not required to follow recommendations 

in the ‘‘Further Information’’ column of 

the table to use a substitute consistent 

with section 612 of the CAA, some of 

these statements may refer to obligations 

that are enforceable or binding under 

federal or state programs other than the 

SNAP program. In many instances, the 

information simply refers to standard 

operating practices in existing industry 

standards and/or building codes. When 

using these substitutes, EPA strongly 

encourages you to apply the information 

in this column. Many of these 

recommendations, if adopted, would 

not require significant changes to 

existing operating practices. 

You can find submissions to EPA for 

the substitutes listed in this document, 

as well as other materials supporting the 

decisions in this action, in Docket EPA– 

HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov. 

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning 

1. R–450A 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–450A 

acceptable as a substitute for use in new 

equipment in vending machines. 

R–450A, marketed under the trade 

name Solstice® N–13, is a weighted 

blend of 42 percent hydrofluorocarbon 

(HFC)-134a, which is also known as 

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 

811–97–2) and 58 percent HFO1234ze(E), which is also known as 

trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘Solstice® N–13 (R– 

450A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA 

performed assessments to examine the 

health and environmental risks of this 

substitute. These assessments are 

available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the following name: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use 

in Retail Food Refrigeration, Vending 

Machines, and Commercial Ice 

Machines Substitute: R–450A’’ 

EPA previously listed R–450A as 

acceptable for use as a refrigerant in 

several refrigeration and air 

conditioning end-uses (October 21, 

2014, 79 FR 62,863). 

Environmental information: R–450A 

has an ozone depletion potential (ODP) 

of zero. Its components, HFC-134a and 

HFO-1234ze(E), have global warming 

potentials (GWPs) of 1,430 2 and one to 

six,3 respectively. When these values 

are weighted by mass percentage, then 

R–450A has a 100-year integrated GWP 

(100-yr GWP) of about 600. The 

components of R–450A are both 

excluded from the definition of volatile 

organic compounds (VOC) under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of state 

implementation plans (SIPs) to attain 

and maintain the national ambient air 

quality standards (NAAQS). Knowingly 

venting or releasing this refrigerant 

blend is limited by the venting 

prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of 

the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 

82.154(a)(1).4

Flammability information: R–450A as 

formulated and in the worst-case 

fractionation formulation is not 

flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of exposure to this 

substitute include drowsiness or 

dizziness. The substitute may also 

irritate the skin or eyes or cause 

frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, the substitute may cause 

irregular heartbeat. The substitute could 

cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

The American Industrial Hygiene 

Association (AIHA) has established 

Workplace Environmental Exposure 

Levels (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 

ppm as 8-hour time-weighted averages 

(TWAs) for HFC-134a and HFO1234ze(E), the components of R–450A, 

respectively. The manufacturer of R– 

450A recommends an acceptable 

exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace 

of 880 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the 

blend. EPA anticipates that users will be 

able to meet each of the AIHA WEELs 

and the manufacturer’s AEL, and 

address potential health risks by 

following requirements and 

recommendations in the manufacturer’s 

safety data sheet (SDS), in the American 

Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and 

Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 

Standard 15, and other safety 

precautions common to the refrigeration 

and air conditioning industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end-use: R–450A has an ODP of 

zero, comparable 5 to or lower than 

other listed substitutes. R–450A’s GWP 

of about 600 is higher than that of some 

acceptable substitutes in this end-use, 

such as CO2 with a GWP of one and 

propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), 

and R–441A with GWPs ranging from 

three to eight; is comparable to IKON– 

B’s GWP of approximately 550; and is 

lower than FRIGC FR–12’s GWP of 

approximately 1,080.6 Flammability 

risks are low, as discussed above, and 

are comparable to flammability risks of 

other available substitutes in the same 

end-use. The toxicity risks are similar to 

those for many other refrigerants and, as 

with those other refrigerants, can be 

minimized by use consistent with the 

AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other 


tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 42055 

7Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit. 

8Nielsen, O. J., Javadi, M. S., Sulbaek Andersen, 

M. P., Hurley, M. D., Wallington, T. J., Singh, R. 

Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CF=CH2: Kinetics and 

mechanisms of gas-phase reactions with Cl atoms, 

OH radicals, and O3. Chemical Physics Letters 439, 

18–22, 2007. 

9Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Javadi et al., 2008. 

Op. cit. 

10This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 

chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-12, R–502A, and HCFC– 

22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0. 

11Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have 

not subdivided the retail food refrigeration—standalone equipment end-use. In the final rule that 

changes the status of certain refrigerants for this 

end-use and which we are issuing 

contemporaneously with this action, we have 

determined that the refrigerant choices for lowtemperature stand-alone equipment, for which 

greater cooling capacity is required, are more 

limited than for other stand-alone equipment 

(which we refer to as medium-temperature 

equipment). In that action, we subdivided the 

stand-alone equipment end-use. Therefore, in this 

action we are evaluating low-temperature 

equipment and medium-temperature equipment as 

separate end-uses. 

industry standards, recommendations in 

the SDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning industry; moreover, these 

risks are common to many refrigerants, 

including many of those already listed 

as acceptable under SNAP. 

EPA finds R–450A acceptable in the 

end-use listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by R–450A is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes acceptable in the same 

end-use. 

2. R–448A 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–448A 

acceptable as a substitute for use in: 

• Commercial ice machines (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Refrigerated transport (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Retail food refrigeration—lowtemperature stand-alone equipment 

(i.e., equipment designed to maintain 

internal temperatures at 32 °F (0° C) 

or below) (new and retrofit 

equipment) 

• Retail food refrigeration—supermarket 

systems and remote condensing units 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

R–448A, marketed under the trade 

name Solstice® N–40, is a weighted 

blend of 26 percent HFC-32, which is 

also known as difluoromethane (CAS 

Reg. No. 75–10–5); 26 percent HFC-125, 

which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354– 

33–6); 21 percent HFC-134a, which is 

also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); 20 percent 

HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. 

No 754–12–1); and 7 percent HFO1234ze(E), which is also known as 

trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘Solstice® N–40 (R– 

448A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA 

performed assessments to examine the 

health and environmental risks of this 

substitute. These assessments are 

available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the following names: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use 

in Retail Food Refrigeration and 

Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R– 

448A’’ 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use 

in Refrigerated Transport Substitute: R– 

448A’’ 

Environmental information: R–448A 

has an ODP of zero. Its components, 

HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFO1234yf, and HFO-1234ze(E) have GWPs 

of 675; 3,500; 1,430; one to four; 7 8 and 

one to six; 9 respectively. If these values 

are weighted by mass percentage, then 

R–448A has a GWP of about 1,390. The 

components of R–448A are excluded 

from the definition of VOC under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of SIPs to 

attain and maintain the NAAQS. 

Knowingly venting or releasing this 

refrigerant blend is limited by the 

venting prohibition under section 

608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 

82.154(a)(1). 

Flammability information: R–448A as 

formulated and in the worst-case 

fractionation formulation is not 

flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of exposure to this 

substitute include drowsiness or 

dizziness. The substitute may also 

irritate the skin or eyes or cause 

frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, the substitute may cause 

irregular heartbeat. The substitute could 

cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 

1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-32, 

HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for 

HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFO1234ze(E), the components of R–448A. 

The manufacturer of R–448A 

recommends an AEL of 890 ppm on an 

8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet the AIHA WEELs and 

manufacturer’s AEL, and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other 

safety precautions common to the 

refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: R–448A has an ODP of 

zero, comparable 10 to or lower than the 

other substitutes acceptable in these 

end-uses. 

In refrigerated transport, many 

substitutes listed as acceptable have 

comparable or higher GWPs, such as 

HFC-134a, R–404A, and other HFC 

refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging 

from 1,430 to approximately 3,990; 

other substitutes listed as acceptable 

substitutes for refrigerated transport 

have a lower GWP including R–450A, 

CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and 

Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from 

zero to about 600. 

For commercial ice machines, many 

substitutes listed as acceptable have 

comparable or higher GWPs, such as 

HFC-134a, R–404A, and other HFC 

blends with GWPs ranging from 

approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other 

substitutes listed as acceptable 

substitutes for commercial ice machines 

have a lower GWP including ammonia 

absorption, ammonia vapor 

compression, Stirling cycle, and R– 

450A with GWPs ranging from zero to 

about 600. 

R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is 

comparable to or lower than a number 

of other substitutes listed as acceptable 

in retail food refrigeration—supermarket 

systems and remote condensing units, 

including three of the more commonly 

used substitutes at this time: HFC-134a, 

R–407A, and R–407C, with GWPs 

ranging from 1,430 to approximately 

2,110. R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is 

higher than the GWP of some other 

acceptable substitutes in retail food 

refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration 

systems and remote condensing units, 

including CO2 with a GWP of one and 

R–450A with a GWP of about 600. 

R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is 

comparable to the GWP of several 

refrigerants listed as acceptable for the 

retail food refrigeration-low-temperature 

stand-alone equipment end-use: HFC134a with a GWP of 1430 and a number 

of HFC blends with GWPs in the range 

of 1,100 to 1,500.11 The GWP of R–448A 

is higher than that of some other listed 

substitutes for the low-temperature 

stand-alone equipment end-use, 

including CO2, propane, isobutane, and 

R–441A (with GWPs ranging from one 

to eight). 

Flammability risks are low, as 

discussed above, and are comparable to 

flammability risks of other available 

substitutes in the same end-uses. 

Toxicity risks can be minimized by use 

consistent with the AIHA WEELs, 


tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
42056 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

12As provided in the listing decision for R–448A 

for retail food refrigeration, we are making separate 

listing decisions for low-temperature stand-alone 

equipment (i.e. equipment designed to maintain 

internal temperatures at 32 °F (0 °C) or below) and 

medium-temperature equipment (i.e., stand-alone 

equipment designed to maintain internal 

temperatures above 32 °F (0 °C). 

13Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. 

Op. cit. 

14This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 

CFC–12, R–502A, and HCFC–22 with ODPs ranging 

from 0.055 to 1.0. 

15Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R– 

441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in 

this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to 

a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 g or 

less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 

requires larger charge sizes. 

ASHRAE 15, and other industry 

standards, recommendations in the SDS, 

and other safety precautions common in 

the refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry; moreover, those risks are 

common to many refrigerants, including 

many of those already listed as 

acceptable under SNAP for these same 

end-uses. 

EPA finds R–448A acceptable in the 

end-uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by R–448A is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-uses. 

3. R–513A 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–513A 

acceptable as a substitute for use in: 

• Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit 

equipment) 

• Cold storage warehouses (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Commercial ice machines (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Household refrigerators and freezers 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

• Industrial process air-conditioning 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

• Industrial process refrigeration (new 

and retrofit equipment) 

• Reciprocating, screw and scroll 

chillers (new and retrofit equipment) 

• Refrigerated transport (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Retail food refrigeration—lowtemperature and mediumtemperature 12 stand-alone equipment 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

• Retail food refrigeration—supermarket 

systems and remote condensing units 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

• Vending machines (new and retrofit 

equipment) 

• Water coolers (new and retrofit 

equipment) 

R–513A, marketed under the trade 

name Opteon® XP 10, is a weighted 

blend of 44 percent HFC-134a, which is 

also known as 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 56 

percent HFO-1234yf, which is also 

known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene 

(CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘Opteon® XP 10 (R– 

513A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA 

performed assessments to examine the 

health and environmental risks of this 

substitute. These assessments are 

available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the following names: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Chillers and Industrial Process Air 

Conditioning Substitute: R–513A’’ 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Cold Storage Warehouses and 

Industrial Process Refrigeration 

Substitute: R–513A’’ 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Household Refrigerators and Freezers 

and Water Coolers Substitute: R– 

513A’’ 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Refrigerated Transport Substitute: R– 

513A’’ 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in 

Retail Food Refrigeration, Vending 

Machines, and Commercial Ice 

Machines Substitute: R–513A’’ 

Environmental information: R–513A 

has an ODP of zero. Its components, 

HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, have GWPs 

of 1,430 and one to four,13 respectively. 

If these values are weighted by mass 

percentage, then R–513A has a GWP of 

about 630. The components of R–513A 

are both excluded from the definition of 

VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 

CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly 

venting or releasing this refrigerant 

blend is limited by the venting 

prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of 

the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 

82.154(a)(1). 

Flammability information: R–513A as 

formulated and in the worst-case 

fractionation formulation is not 

flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of exposure to this 

substitute include drowsiness or 

dizziness. The substitute may also 

irritate the skin or eyes or cause 

frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, the substitute may cause 

irregular heartbeat. The substitute could 

cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 

1,000 ppm and 500 ppm as an 8-hour 

TWA for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, 

respectively, the components of R– 

513A. The manufacturer of R–513A 

recommends an AEL of 653 ppm on an 

8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the 

manufacturer’s AEL, and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other 

safety precautions common to the 

refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: R–513A has an ODP of 

zero, comparable 14 to or lower than 

other listed substitutes in these enduses. 

R–513A’s GWP of about 630 is 

comparable to or lower than a number 

of other substitutes in retail food 

refrigeration—supermarket systems and 

remote condensing units, including R– 

450A, HFC-134a, R–407A, R–407C, and 

a number of HFC blends, with GWPs 

ranging from approximately 600 to 

2,110. R–513’s GWP of about 630 is 

higher than those of some other 

acceptable substitutes in new retail food 

refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration 

systems and remote condensing units, 

including CO2 with a GWP of one. 

In retail food refrigeration—lowtemperature stand-alone equipment, R– 

513A’s GWP of about 630 is comparable 

to or lower than a number of other 

substitutes, including IKON B, R–450A, 

FRIGC FR–12, HFC-134a, and R– 

426Awith GWPs ranging from 

approximately 550 to approximately 

1,500. In retail food-refrigeration— 

medium temperature stand-alone 

equipment and vending machines, R– 

513A’s GWP of about 630 is higher than 

that of some acceptable substitutes in 

this end-use, such as CO2 with a GWP 

of one and propane (R–290), isobutane 

(R–600a), and R–441A with GWPs 

ranging from three to eight; is 

comparable to the GWPs of IKON–B and 

R–450A, which are approximately 550 

to 600; and is lower than FRIGC FR–12’s 

GWP of approximately 1,080.15

In refrigerated transport, many 

substitutes listed as acceptable have 

comparable or higher GWPs, such as R– 

450A, HFC-134a, R–404A, and other 

HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs 

ranging from approximately 600 to 

approximately 3,990; acceptable 

substitutes for refrigerated transport 

with a lower GWP include CO2, direct 

nitrogen expansion, and Stirling cycle, 

with GWPs in the range of zero to one. 

For cold storage warehouses and 

industrial process refrigeration, many 

substitutes listed as acceptable have 

comparable or higher GWPs, such as R– 


tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 42057 

16Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R– 

441Aare acceptable, subject to use conditions, in 

this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to 

a use condition restricting charge sizes to 57 g or 

less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 

requires larger charge sizes. 

17Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. 

Op. cit. 

18This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 

CFC–12, R–502A, and HCFC–22 with ODPs ranging 

from 0.055 to 1.0. 

450A, HFC-134a, R–404A, and other 

HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs 

ranging from approximately 600 to 

approximately 3,990; acceptable 

substitutes for new cold storage 

warehouses and for industrial process 

refrigeration with a lower GWP include 

CO2 and ammonia with GWPs in the 

range of zero to one. 

For commercial ice machines, most 

other substitutes listed as acceptable 

have comparable or higher GWPs, such 

as R–450A, R–404A and other HFC 

blends with GWPs ranging from 

approximately 600 to 3,990. Ammonia 

vapor compression with a GWP of zero 

is also an acceptable substitute in this 

end-use. 

In household refrigerators and 

freezers, many substitutes listed as 

acceptable have comparable or higher 

GWPs than R–513A, such as R–450A, 

R–134a, R–404A and other HFC blends 

with GWPs ranging from approximately 

600 to 3,990. R–513A’s GWP of 

approximately 630 is higher than those 

of some other acceptable substitutes in 

this end-use for new equipment, 

including propane, isobutane, and R– 

441A 16 (with GWPs ranging from three 

to eight), and HFC-152a with a GWP of 

124. 

For centrifugal, reciprocating, screw 

and scroll chillers, most other 

substitutes listed as acceptable have 

comparable or higher GWPs, such as R– 

450A, R–134a, R–404A and other HFC 

blends with GWPs ranging from 

approximately 600 to 3,990. In these 

end-uses, acceptable substitutes with 

lower GWPs for new equipment include 

ammonia absorption and ammonia 

vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and 

for centrifugal chillers only, trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, with 

GWPs in the range of zero to seven. 

For industrial process air 

conditioning and water coolers, all other 

substitutes listed as acceptable have 

comparable or higher GWPs, such as R– 

450A, R–134a, R–404A and other HFC 

blends with GWPs ranging from 

approximately 600 to 3,990. 

Flammability risks are low, as 

discussed above, and are comparable to 

flammability risks of other available 

substitutes in the same end-uses. 

Toxicity risks can be minimized by use 

consistent with the AIHA WEELs, 

ASHRAE 15 and other industry 

standards, recommendations in the SDS, 

and other safety precautions common in 

the refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry; moreover, those risks are 

common to many refrigerants, including 

many of those already listed as 

acceptable under SNAP for these same 

end-uses. 

EPA finds R–513A acceptable in the 

end-uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by R–513A is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-uses. 

4. R–449A 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–449A 

acceptable as a substitute for use in: 

• Commercial ice machines (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Refrigerated transport (new and 

retrofit equipment) 

• Retail food refrigeration—lowtemperature stand-alone equipment 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

• Retail food refrigeration—supermarket 

systems and remote condensing units 

(new and retrofit equipment) 

R–449A, marketed under the trade 

name Opteon® XP 40, is a weighted 

blend of 24.3 percent HFC-32, which is 

also known as difluoromethane (CAS 

Reg. No. 75–10–5); 24.7 percent HFC125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354– 

33–6); 25.7 percent HFC-134a, which is 

also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 25.3 

percent HFO-1234yf, which is also 

known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene 

(CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘Opteon® XP 40 (R– 

449A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA 

performed assessments to examine the 

health and environmental risks of this 

substitute. These assessments are 

available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the following names: 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use 

in Refrigerated Transport Substitute: 

R–449A’’ 

• ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use 

in Retail Food Refrigeration and 

Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: 

R–449A’’ 

Environmental information: R–449A 

has an ODP of zero. Its components, 

HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFO1234yf have GWPs of 675; 3,500; 1,430; 

and one to four,17 respectively. If these 

values are weighted by mass percentage, 

then R–449A has a GWP of about 1,400. 

The components of R–449A are 

excluded from the definition of VOC 

under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 

51.100(s)) addressing the development 

of SIPs to attain and maintain the 

NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing 

this refrigerant blend is limited by the 

venting prohibition under section 

608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 

82.154(a)(1). 

Flammability information: R–449A as 

formulated and in the worst-case 

fractionation formulation is not 

flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of exposure to this 

substitute include drowsiness or 

dizziness. The substitute may also 

irritate the skin or eyes or cause 

frostbite. At sufficiently high 

concentrations, the substitute may cause 

irregular heartbeat. The substitute could 

cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 

1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-32, 

HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm 

for HFO-1234yf, the components of R– 

449A. The manufacturer of R–449A 

recommends an AEL of 830 ppm on an 

8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the 

manufacturer’s AEL and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other 

safety precautions common to the 

refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: R–449A has an ODP of 

zero, comparable 18 to or lower than the 

other substitutes acceptable in these 

end-uses. 

In refrigerated transport, many 

substitutes listed as acceptable have 

comparable or higher GWPs than R– 

449’s GWP of about 1,400, such as HFC134a, R–404A, and other HFC 

refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging 

from 1,430 to approximately 3,990; 

other substitutes listed as acceptable 

substitutes for refrigerated transport 

have a lower GWP including R–450A, 

CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and 

Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from 

zero to about 600. 

For commercial ice machines, many 

substitutes listed as acceptable have 

comparable or higher GWPs than R– 

449’s GWP of about 1,400, such as HFC134a, R–404A and other HFC blends 

with GWPs ranging from approximately 

1,400 to 3,990; other substitutes listed as 

acceptable substitutes for commercial 


tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
42058 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

19Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R– 

441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in 

this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to 

a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 g or 

less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 

requires larger charge sizes. 

20Acceptable substitutes for organic Rankine 

cycle have typically been included through listings 

in the non-mechanical heat transfer end-use. EPA 

may review organic Rankine cycle applications 

separately in the future. 

21 In contrast, the historically used ODS HCFC– 

123, HCFC–22, and CFC–113 have ODPs ranging 

from 0.01 to 0.8. 

22Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have 

not subdivided the rigid polyurethane (PU) spray 

foam end-use. In the final rule that we are issuing 

contemporaneously with this action, we have 

determined that the foam blowing agent choices 

differ for rigid PU high-pressure two-part spray 

foam, rigid PU low-pressure two-part spray foam, 

and rigid PU one-component foam sealants. 

Therefore, in this action we are evaluating highpressure two-part spray foam as a separate end-use 

from rigid PU low-pressure two-part spray foam and 

rigid PU one-component foam sealants. 

ice machines have a lower GWP 

including ammonia absorption, 

ammonia vapor compression, Stirling 

cycle and R–450A, with GWPs ranging 

from zero to about 600. 

R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is 

comparable to or lower than a number 

of other substitutes listed as acceptable 

in retail food refrigeration—supermarket 

systems and remote condensing units, 

including three of the more commonly 

used substitutes at this time: HFC-134a, 

R–407A, and R–407C, with GWPs 

ranging from 1,430 to approximately 

2,110. R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is 

higher than the GWP of some other 

acceptable substitutes in retail food 

refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration 

systems and remote condensing units, 

including CO2 with a GWP of one and 

R–450A with a GWP of about 600. 

R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is 

comparable to the GWP of substitutes 

listed as acceptable for retail food 

refrigeration—low-temperature standalone equipment, including HFC-134a 

of 1,430 and a number of HFC blends 

with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to 

1,500 and is higher than those of some 

other listed substitutes in this end-use, 

including CO2 with a GWP of one and 

propane, isobutane, and R–441A (with 

GWPs ranging from three to eight).19

Flammability risks are low, as 

discussed above, and are comparable to 

flammability risks of other available 

substitutes in the same end-uses. 

Toxicity risks can be minimized by use 

consistent with the AIHA WEELs, 

ASHRAE 15 and other industry 

standards, recommendations in the SDS, 

and other safety precautions common in 

the refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry; moreover, those risks are 

common to many refrigerants, including 

many of those already listed as 

acceptable under SNAP in these same 

end-uses. 

EPA finds R–449A acceptable in the 

end-uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by R–449A is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-uses. 

5. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene Isomers 

(MPHE) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds 

methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

acceptable as a substitute for use in new 

and retrofit equipment in nonmechanical heat transfer.20

MPHE, marketed under the trade 

name SineraTM, is a HFO. It is a mixture 

of structural and stereo isomers, 

represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5- 

methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the 

most prevalent isomer in the mixture 

(approximately 50 percent), and eight 

isomeric structures have been 

identified, comprising more than 99% 

of the material. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information 

Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene 

isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ 

EPA performed an assessment to 

examine the health and environmental 

risks of this substitute. This assessment 

is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the following name, 

‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in Nonmechanical Heat Transfer Substitute: 

Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’ 

Environmental information: MPHE 

has an ODP of zero. The 100-yr GWP of 

MPHE is 2.5 and it has an atmospheric 

lifetime of approximately nine days. 

MPHE is regulated as a VOC under CAA 

regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) 

addressing the development of SIPs to 

attain and maintain the NAAQS. 

Knowingly venting or releasing this 

refrigerant blend is limited by the 

venting prohibition under section 

608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 

82.154(a)(1). 

Flammability information: MPHE is 

not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of exposure to this 

substitute include serious eye irritation, 

skin irritation, and respiratory tract 

irritation. Ingestion of MPHE may also 

be harmful. The substitute could cause 

asphyxiation if air is displaced by 

vapors in a confined space. These 

potential health effects are common to 

many refrigerants. 

EPA anticipates that MPHE will be 

used in a manner consistent with the 

recommendations specified in the SDS. 

The manufacturer recommends an AEL 

of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet the AEL and address potential 

health risks by following requirements 

and recommendations in the SDS and in 

any other safety precautions common to 

the refrigeration and air conditioning 

industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of zero, 

comparable 21 to or lower than other 

acceptable substitutes in this same enduse. Additionally, MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 

is lower than or comparable to the GWP 

of other acceptable substitutes in the 

same end-use, such as C7 Fluoroketone, 

HFO-1234ze(E), HFC-245fa, and HFC125 (with GWPs ranging from about one 

to 3,500). Flammability risks are low, as 

discussed above. Toxicity risks can be 

minimized by use consistent with the 

manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations 

in the SDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the refrigeration and air 

conditioning industry; moreover, those 

risks are common to many heat transfer 

fluids, including many of those already 

listed as acceptable under SNAP. 

EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the 

end-use listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by MPHE is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-use. 

B. Foam Blowing 

1. HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel® 1100) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds HFO1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute 

for use in rigid polyurethane spray foam 

(high-pressure, two-part uses only).22

HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as 

(Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene and 

cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 692–49–9), and goes by the 

trade names of FEA–1100 and 

Formacel® 1100. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information 

Notice for FEA–1100 as a Foam Blowing 

Agent Received 8/3/11.’’ EPA performed 

an assessment to examine the health 

and environmental risks of this 

substitute. This assessment is available 

in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on 

Substitutes for Spray Foam Substitute: 

HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel® 1100).’’ 

We have previously listed HFO1336mzz(Z) as a foam blowing agent in 


tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 42059 

23Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R., 

Burkholder, J.B., Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)- 

CF3CHÕCHCF3: OH Radical Reaction Rate 

Coefficient and Global Warming Potential, Journal 

of Physical Chemistry A, 2011, 115, 10,539–10,549, 

2011. 

24The documentation may be viewed at 

www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzzZ%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf. 

25 In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC–11 

and HCFC–141b have ODPs ranging from 0.1 to 1.0. 

26Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. 

Preliminary Report: Analyses of tCFP’s Potential 

Impact on Atmospheric Ozone. Department of 

Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, 

Urbana, IL. September 26, 2011; Hodnebrog et al., 

2013. Op. cit. 

27Sulbaek Andersen, M.P., Nilsson, E.J.K., 

Nielsen, O.J., Johnson, M.S., Hurley, M.D., and 

Wallington, T.J. Atmospheric chemistry of transCF3CH=CHCl: Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions 

with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3’’, Journal of 

Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 

199, 92–97, 2008. 

28Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. ThreeDimensional Model Evaluation of the Global 

Warming Potentials for tCFP. Department of 

Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, 

Urbana, IL. Draft report, undated. 

29 In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC–113, 

methyl chloroform, HCFC–225ca, and HCFC–225cb 

have ODPs ranging from 0.02 to 0.8. 

30Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 

2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 

2013. Op cit. 

a number of other foam blowing enduses (October 21, 2014, 79 FR 62,863). 

Environmental information: HFO1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It has 

a 100-yr GWP of about nine.23 HFO1336mzz(Z) is a VOC. The manufacturer 

has petitioned EPA to exempt HFO1336mzz(Z) from the definition of VOC 

under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 

51.100(s)), which addresses the 

development of SIPs to attain and 

maintain the NAAQS, based on its claim 

that the chemical exhibits low 

photochemical reactivity. 

Flammability information: HFO1336mzz(Z) is not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: Potential 

health effects of this substitute include 

skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At 

sufficiently high concentrations, the 

substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. 

The substitute could cause asphyxiation 

if air is displaced by vapors in a 

confined space. These potential health 

effects are common to many foam 

blowing agents. Additionally, as 

described in the Premanufacture Notice 

(PMN), exposure to consumers is 

expected to be minimal since HFO1336mzz(Z) is not domestically 

manufactured or used by consumers. 

EPA issued a Significant New Use Rule 

(SNUR) on June 5, 2015, to require 

persons to submit a Significant New Use 

Notice (SNUN) to EPA at least 90 days 

before they manufacture or process 

HFO-1336mzz(Z) for consumer use (80 

FR 32,003, 32,005). 

EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z) 

will be used consistent with the 

recommendations specified in the SDS. 

The WEEL committee of the 

Occupational Alliance for Risk Science 

(OARS) recommends a WEEL for the 

workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour 

TWA.24 EPA anticipates that users will 

be able to meet the WEEL and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the SDS and other safety precautions 

common to the foam blowing industry. 

Comparison to other foam blowing 

agents: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of 

zero, comparable 25 to or lower than 

other acceptable non-ozone-depleting 

substitutes for the rigid PU highpressure, two-part spray foam end-use. 

HFO-1336mzz(Z)’s GWP of about nine is 

lower than or comparable to other 

acceptable substitutes in this end-use, 

such as HFC-245fa with a GWP of 1,070; 

commercial blends of HFC-365mfc and 

HFC-227ea containing 7% to 13% HFC227ea and the remainder HFC-365mfc, 

with GWPs ranging from about 900 to 

1,100; trans-1-chloro-3,3,3- 

trifluoroprop-1-ene and water, with 

GWPs of one to seven 26 27 28 and zero, 

respectively. Flammability risks are low, 

as discussed above. Toxicity risks can 

be minimized by use consistent with the 

OARS WEEL, recommendations in the 

SDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the foam blowing industry; 

moreover, those risks are common to 

many foam blowing agents, including 

many of those already listed as 

acceptable under SNAP for this end-use. 

EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) 

acceptable in the end-use listed above, 

because the overall environmental and 

human health risk posed by HFO1336mzz(Z) is lower than or comparable 

to the risks posed by other substitutes 

found acceptable in the same end-use. 

C. Solvent Cleaning 

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

(MPHE) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds 

methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

acceptable as a substitute for use in: 

• Electronics cleaning 

• Metals cleaning 

• Precision cleaning 

MPHE, marketed under the trade 

name SionTM, is an HFO. It is a mixture 

of structural and stereo isomers, 

represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5- 

methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the 

most prevalent isomer in the mixture 

(approximately 50 percent), and eight 

isomeric structures have been 

identified, comprising more than 99% 

of the material. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information 

Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene 

isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ 

EPA performed an assessment to 

examine the health and environmental 

risks of this substitute. This assessment 

is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the name, ‘‘Risk 

Screen on Substitutes in Metals 

Cleaning, Electronics Cleaning, and 

Precision Cleaning Substitute: 

Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’ 

Environmental information: The 

environmental information for this 

substitute is set forth in the 

‘‘Environmental information’’ section in 

listing A.5. 

Flammability information: MPHE is 

not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

toxicity information for this substitute is 

set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure 

data’’ section in listing I.A.5. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500 

ppm on an 8-hr TWA and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the SDS and in any other safety 

precautions common to the solvent 

cleaning industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP of 

zero, comparable 29 to or lower than the 

ODP of other substitutes in these three 

end-uses. MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower 

than or comparable to those of other 

acceptable substitutes in these three 

end-uses, such as acetone, trans-1- 

chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans1,2-dichloroethylene, HFE–7100, and 

HFC-4310meewith GWPs of 0.5, one to 

seven,30 less than ten, 297, and 1,640, 

respectively. Flammability risks are low, 

as discussed above. Toxicity risks can 

be minimized by use consistent with the 

manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations 

in the SDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the solvent cleaning 

industry; moreover, those risks are 

common to many solvents, including 

many of those already listed as 

acceptable under SNAP for these same 

end-uses. 

EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the 

end-uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by MPHE is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-uses. 


tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES
42060 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

31 In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl 

chloroform, CFC–113, HCFC–141b, HCFC–225ca 

and HCFC–225cb have ODPs ranging from 0.02 to 

0.8. 

32Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 

2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 

2013. Op cit. 

33 In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl 

chloroform and HCFC–141b have ODPs respectively 

of 0.1 and 0.11. 

34Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 

2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 

2013. Op cit. 

D. Aerosols 

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

(MPHE) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds 

methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

acceptable as a substitute for use as an 

aerosol solvent. 

MPHE is a HFO. It is a mixture of 

structural and stereo isomers, 

represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5- 

methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the 

most prevalent isomer in the mixture 

(approximately 50 percent), and eight 

isomeric structures have been 

identified, comprising more than 99% 

of the material. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov 

under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information 

Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene 

isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ 

EPA performed an assessment to 

examine the health and environmental 

risks of this substitute. This assessment 

is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR– 

2003–0118 under the name, ‘‘Risk 

Screen on Substitutes in Aerosol 

Solvents Substitute: 

Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’ 

Environmental information: The 

environmental information for this 

substitute is set forth in the 

‘‘Environmental information’’ section in 

listing I.A.5. 

Flammability information: MPHE is 

not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

toxicity information for this substitute is 

set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure 

data’’ section in listing I.A.5. 

EPA anticipates that users will be able 

to meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500 

ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the SDS and in any other safety 

precautions common to the aerosol 

solvent industry. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of zero, 

comparable 31 to or lower than other 

acceptable substitutes in this end-use. 

MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower than or 

comparable to the GWP of other 

acceptable substitutes in the same enduse, such as acetone, trans-1-chloro3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2- 

dichloroethylene, HFE–7100, and HFC4310mee with GWPs of 0.5, one to 

seven,32 less than ten, 297, and 1,640, 

respectively. Flammability risks are low, 

as discussed above. Toxicity risks can 

be minimized by use consistent with the 

manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations 

in the SDS, and other safety precautions 

common in the aerosol solvent industry; 

moreover, those risks are common to 

many aerosol solvents, including many 

of those already listed as acceptable 

under SNAP. 

EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the 

end-uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by MPHE is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-uses. 

E. Adhesives, Coatings and Inks 

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

(MPHE) 

EPA’s decision: EPA finds 

methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

acceptable as a substitute for use as a 

carrier solvent in: 

• Adhesives 

• Coatings 

MPHE, marketed under the trade 

name SuprionTM, is an HFO. It is a 

mixture of structural and stereo isomers, 

represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5- 

methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the 

most prevalent isomer in the mixture 

(approximately 50 percent), and eight 

isomeric structures have been 

identified, comprising more than 99% 

of the material. 

You may find the redacted 

submission in Docket item EPA–HQ– 

OAR–2003–0118 at 

www.regulations.gov under the name, 

‘‘SNAP Information Notice for 

Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

(MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ EPA 

performed an assessment to examine the 

health and environmental risks of this 

substitute. This assessment is available 

in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118 

under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on 

Substitutes in Adhesives and Coatings 

Substitute: 

Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’ 

Environmental information: The 

environmental information for this 

substitute is set forth in the 

‘‘Environmental information’’ section in 

listing I.A.5. 

Flammability information: MPHE is 

not flammable. 

Toxicity and exposure data: The 

toxicity information for this substitute is 

set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure 

data’’ section in listing I.A.5. EPA 

anticipates that users will be able to 

meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500 

ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address 

potential health risks by following 

requirements and recommendations in 

the SDS and in any other safety 

precautions common to the adhesives 

and coatings industries. 

Comparison to other substitutes in 

these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP of 

zero, comparable 33 to or lower than 

other acceptable substitutes in these two 

end-uses. MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower 

than or comparable to those of other 

acceptable substitutes in the same enduse, such as acetone, trans-1- 

chloroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2- 

dichloroethylene and HFE–7100 with 

GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,34 less than 

ten, and 297, respectively. Flammability 

risks are low, as discussed above. 

Toxicity risks can be minimized by use 

consistent with the manufacturer’s AEL, 

recommendations in the SDS, and other 

safety precautions common in the 

adhesives and coatings industries; 

moreover, those risks are common to 

many carrier solvents for adhesives and 

coatings, including many of those 

already listed as acceptable under 

SNAP. 

EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the 

end-uses listed above, because the 

overall environmental and human 

health risk posed by MPHE is lower 

than or comparable to the risks posed by 

other substitutes found acceptable in the 

same end-uses. 

II. Section 612 Program 

A. Statutory Requirements and 

Authority for the SNAP Program 

Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA 

to develop a program for evaluating 

alternatives to ozone-depleting 

substances. EPA refers to this program 

as the Significant New Alternatives 

Policy (SNAP) program. The major 

provisions of section 612 are: 

1. Rulemaking 

Section 612(c) requires EPA to 

promulgate rules making it unlawful to 

replace any class I substance (CFC, 

halon, carbon tetrachloride, methyl 

chloroform, methyl bromide, 

hydrobromofluorocarbon, and 

chlorobromomethane) or class II 

substance (HCFC) with any substitute 

that the Administrator determines may 

present adverse effects to human health 

or the environment where the 

Administrator has identified an 

alternative that (1) reduces the overall 

risk to human health and the 

environment, and (2) is currently or 

potentially available. 


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35As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ‘‘interstate 

commerce’’ means the distribution or transportation 

of any product between one state, territory, 

possession or the District of Columbia, and another 

state, territory, possession or the District of 

Columbia, or the sale, use or manufacture of any 

product in more than one state, territory, possession 

or District of Columbia. The entry points for which 

a product is introduced into interstate commerce 

are the release of a product from the facility in 

which the product was manufactured, the entry into 

a warehouse from which the domestic manufacturer 

releases the product for sale or distribution, and at 

the site of United States Customs clearance. 

36As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘end-use’’ means 

processes or classes of specific applications within 

major industrial sectors where a substitute is used 

to replace an ODS. 

37The SNAP regulations also include ‘‘pending,’’ 

referring to submissions for which EPA has not 

reached a determination, under this provision. 

38As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘use’’ means any 

use of a substitute for a Class I or Class II ozonedepleting compound, including but not limited to 

use in a manufacturing process or product, in 

consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate 

uses, such as formulation or packaging for other 

subsequent uses. This definition of use 

encompasses manufacturing process of products 

both for domestic use and for export. Substitutes 

manufactured within the United States exclusively 

for export are subject to SNAP requirements since 

the definition of use in the rule includes use in the 

manufacturing process, which occurs within the 

United States. 

2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable 

Substitutes 

Section 612(c) requires EPA to 

publish a list of the substitutes 

unacceptable for specific uses and to 

publish a corresponding list of 

acceptable alternatives for specific uses. 

The list of ‘‘acceptable’’ substitutes is 

found at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists 

and the lists of ‘‘unacceptable,’’ 

‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions,’’ 

and ‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits’’ substitutes are found in the 

appendices to 40 CFR part 82 subpart G. 

3. Petition Process 

Section 612(d) grants the right to any 

person to petition EPA to add a 

substance to, or delete a substance from, 

the lists published in accordance with 

section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days 

to grant or deny a petition. Where the 

Agency grants the petition, EPA must 

publish the revised lists within an 

additional six months. 

4. 90-day Notification 

Section 612(e) directs EPA to require 

any person who produces a chemical 

substitute for a class I substance to 

notify the Agency not less than 90 days 

before new or existing chemicals are 

introduced into interstate commerce for 

significant new uses as substitutes for a 

class I substance. The producer must 

also provide the Agency with the 

producer’s unpublished health and 

safety studies on such substitutes. 

5. Outreach 

Section 612(b)(1) states that the 

Administrator shall seek to maximize 

the use of federal research facilities and 

resources to assist users of class I and 

II substances in identifying and 

developing alternatives to the use of 

such substances in key commercial 

applications. 

6. Clearinghouse 

Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency 

to set up a public clearinghouse of 

alternative chemicals, product 

substitutes, and alternative 

manufacturing processes that are 

available for products and 

manufacturing processes which use 

class I and II substances. 

B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing 

Section 612 

On March 18, 1994, EPA published 

the initial SNAP rule (59 FR 13,044) 

which established the process for 

administering the SNAP program and 

issued EPA’s first lists identifying 

acceptable and unacceptable substitutes 

in the major industrial use sectors 

(subpart G of 40 CFR part 82). These 

sectors are the following: refrigeration 

and air conditioning; foam blowing; 

solvents cleaning; fire suppression and 

explosion protection; sterilants; 

aerosols; adhesives, coatings and inks; 

and tobacco expansion. These sectors 

comprise the principal industrial sectors 

that historically consumed the largest 

volumes of ODS. 

Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA 

to list as acceptable those substitutes 

that do not present a significantly 

greater risk to human health and the 

environment as compared with other 

substitutes that are currently or 

potentially available. 

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP 

Program Work 

Under the SNAP regulations, anyone 

who plans to market or produce a 

substitute to replace a class I substance 

or class II substance in one of the eight 

major industrial use sectors must 

provide the Agency with notice and the 

required health and safety information 

on the substitute at least 90 days before 

introducing it into interstate commerce 

for significant new use as an alternative 

(40 CFR 82.176(a)). While this 

requirement typically applies to 

chemical manufacturers as the entity 

likely to be planning to introduce the 

substitute into interstate commerce,35 it 

may also apply to importers, 

formulators, equipment manufacturers, 

and end-users 36 when they are 

responsible for introducing a substitute 

into commerce. The 90-day SNAP 

review process begins once EPA 

receives the submission and determines 

that the submission includes complete 

and adequate data (40 CFR 82.180(a)). 

The CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40 

CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a 

substitute earlier than 90 days after 

notice has been provided to the agency. 

The Agency has identified four 

possible decision categories for 

substitute submissions: Acceptable; 

acceptable subject to use conditions; 

acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits; and unacceptable (40 CFR 

82.180(b)).37 Use conditions and 

narrowed use limits are both considered 

‘‘use restrictions’’ and are explained 

below. Substitutes that are deemed 

acceptable without use conditions may 

be used for all applications within the 

relevant end-uses within the sector and 

without limits under SNAP on how they 

may be used. Substitutes that are 

acceptable subject to use restrictions 

may be used only in accordance with 

those restrictions. Substitutes that are 

found to be unacceptable may not be 

used after the date specified in the 

rulemaking adding such substitute to 

the list of unacceptable substitutes.38

After reviewing a substitute, the 

Agency may make a determination that 

a substitute is acceptable only if certain 

conditions in the way that the substitute 

is used are met to minimize risks to 

human health and the environment. 

EPA describes such substitutes as 

‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions.’’ 

Entities that use these substitutes 

without meeting the associated use 

conditions are in violation of EPA’s 

SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)). 

For some substitutes, the Agency may 

permit a narrowed range of use within 

an end-use or sector. For example, the 

Agency may limit the use of a substitute 

to certain end-uses or specific 

applications within an industry sector. 

The Agency requires a user of a 

narrowed use substitute to demonstrate 

that no other acceptable substitutes are 

available for their specific application. 

EPA describes these substitutes as 

‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits.’’ A person using a substitute that 

is acceptable subject to narrowed use 

limits in applications and end-uses that 

are not consistent with the narrowed 

use limit is using the substitute in 

violation of section 612 of the CAA and 

EPA’s SNAP regulations (40 CFR 

82.174(c)). 

The section 612 mandate for EPA to 

prohibit the use of a substitute that may 

present risk to human health or the 

environment where a lower risk 

alternative is available or potentially 


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42062 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

39 In addition to acceptable commercially 

available substitutes, the SNAP program may 

consider potentially available substitutes. The 

SNAP program’s definition of ‘‘potentially 

available ’’ is ‘‘any alternative for which adequate 

health, safety, and environmental data, as required 

for the SNAP notification process, exist to make a 

determination of acceptability, and which the 

agency reasonably believes to be technically 

feasible, even if not all testing has yet been 

completed and the alternative is not yet produced 

or sold.’’ (40 CFR 82.172) 

available 39 provides EPA with the 

authority to change the listing status of 

a particular substitute if such a change 

is justified by new information or 

changed circumstance. 

As described in this document and 

elsewhere, including the initial SNAP 

rule published in the Federal Register at 

59 FR 13,044 on March 18, 1994, the 

SNAP program evaluates substitutes 

within a comparative risk framework. 

The SNAP program compares new 

substitutes both to the ozone-depleting 

substances being phased out under the 

Montreal Protocol on Substances that 

Deplete the Ozone Layer and the CAA, 

and to other available or potentially 

available alternatives for the same enduses. The environmental and health risk 

factors that the SNAP program considers 

include ozone depletion potential, 

flammability, toxicity, occupational and 

consumer health and safety, as well as 

contributions to global warming and 

other environmental factors. 

Environmental and human health 

exposures can vary significantly 

depending on the particular application 

of a substitute—and over time, 

information applicable to a substitute 

can change. This approach does not 

imply fundamental tradeoffs with 

respect to different types of risk, either 

to the environment or to human health. 

Over the past twenty years, the menu of 

substitutes has become much broader 

and a great deal of new information has 

been developed on many substitutes. 

Because the overall goal of the SNAP 

program is to ensure that substitutes 

listed as acceptable do not pose 

significantly greater risk to human 

health and the environment than other 

available substitutes, the SNAP criteria 

should be informed by our current 

overall understanding of environmental 

and human health impacts and our 

experience with and current knowledge 

about available and potentially available 

substitutes. Over time, the range of 

substitutes reviewed by SNAP has 

changed, and, at the same time, 

scientific approaches have evolved to 

more accurately assess the potential 

environmental and human health 

impacts of these chemicals and 

alternative technologies. The Agency 

publishes its SNAP program decisions 

in the Federal Register. EPA uses 

notice-and-comment rulemaking to 

place any alternative on the list of 

prohibited substitutes, to list a 

substitute as acceptable only subject to 

use conditions or narrowed use limits, 

or to remove a substitute from either the 

list of prohibited or acceptable 

substitutes. 

In contrast, EPA publishes ‘‘notices of 

acceptability’’ or ‘‘determinations of 

acceptability,’’ to notify the public of 

substitutes that are deemed acceptable 

with no restrictions. As described in the 

preamble to the rule initially 

implementing the SNAP program (59 FR 

13,044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not 

believe that rulemaking procedures are 

necessary to list alternatives that are 

acceptable without restrictions because 

such listings neither impose any 

sanction nor prevent anyone from using 

a substitute. 

Many SNAP listings include 

‘‘comments’’ or ‘‘further information’’ to 

provide additional information on 

substitutes. Since this additional 

information is not part of the regulatory 

decision, these statements are not 

binding for use of the substitute under 

the SNAP program. However, regulatory 

requirements so listed are binding under 

other regulatory programs (e.g., worker 

protection regulations promulgated by 

OSHA). The ‘‘further information’’ 

classification does not necessarily 

include all other legal obligations 

pertaining to the use of the substitute. 

While the items listed are not legally 

binding under the SNAP program, EPA 

encourages users of substitutes to apply 

all statements in the ‘‘further 

information’’ column in their use of 

these substitutes. In many instances, the 

information simply refers to sound 

operating practices that have already 

been identified in existing industry and/ 

or building codes or standards. Thus 

many of the statements, if adopted, 

would not require the affected user to 

make significant changes in existing 

operating practices. 

D. Additional Information About the 

SNAP Program 

For copies of the comprehensive 

SNAP lists of substitutes or additional 

information on SNAP, refer to EPA’s 

Ozone Depletion Web site at: 

www.epa.gov/ozone/snap. For more 

information on the agency’s process for 

administering the SNAP program or 

criteria for evaluation of substitutes, 

refer to the SNAP final rulemaking 

published March 18, 1994 (59 FR 

13,044), codified at 40 CFR part 82, 

subpart G. A complete chronology of 

SNAP decisions and the appropriate 

citations are found at: www.epa.gov/

ozone/snap/chron.html. 

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82 

Environmental protection, 

Administrative practice and procedure, 

Air pollution control, Reporting and 

recordkeeping requirements. 

Dated: July 2, 2015. 

Sarah Dunham, 

Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs. 

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for 

New Acceptable Substitutes 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Vending machines (new 

equipment).

R-450A (Solstice® N-13) Acceptable R-450A has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of approximately 

600. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene 

(CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established 

workplace environmental exposure limits (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 

800 ppm (8-hr time weighted average (TWA)) for HFC-134a and HFO1234ze(E), respectively. The manufacturer recommends an acceptable 

exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace for R-450A of 880 ppm (8-hr 

TWA). 

EPA previously listed this refrigerant as acceptable for use in retrofit vending machine equipment. 


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Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 42063 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued 

End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Commercial ice machines 

(new and retrofit equipment).

R-448A (Solstice® N-40) Acceptable R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,390. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. 

No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also 

known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); HFO1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. 

No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

The blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, 

HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for 

HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Refrigerated transport 

(new and retrofit equipment).

R-448A (Solstice® N-40) Acceptable R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,390. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. 

No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also 

known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2), HFO1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. 

No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

The blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, 

HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for 

HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Retail food refrigeration 

(new and retrofit supermarket systems and remote condensing units, 

and new and retrofit 

low-temperature 3

stand-alone equipment 

only).

R-448A (Solstice® N-40) Acceptable R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,387. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. 

No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also 

known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); HFO1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. 

No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9). 

The blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, 

HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for 

HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Centrifugal chillers (new 

and retrofit equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of approximately 

630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 

1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, 

which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 

754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Cold storage warehouses 

(new and retrofit equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Commercial ice machines 

(new and retrofit equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 


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42064 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued 

End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Household refrigerators 

and freezers (new and 

retrofit equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Industrial process air conditioning (new and retrofit equipment).R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Industrial process refrigeration (new and retrofit 

equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Reciprocating, screw and 

scroll chillers (new and 

retrofit equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Refrigerated transport 

(new and retrofit equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Retail food refrigeration 

(new and retrofit supermarket systems and remote condensing units, 

and new and retrofit 

low-temperature 2 and 

medium-temperature 3

stand-alone equipment)..

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Vending machines (new 

and retrofit equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 

Water coolers (new and 

retrofit equipment).

R-513A (Opteon® XP 

10).

Acceptable R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 

(CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 

2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) 

for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA). 


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Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 42065 

REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued 

End-Use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Commercial ice machines 

(new and retrofit equipment).

R-449A (Opteon® XP 

40).

Acceptable R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. 

No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also 

known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 

HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

The blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, 

HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8- 

hr TWA). 

Refrigerated transport 

(new and retrofit equipment).

R-449A (Opteon® XP 

40).

Acceptable R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. 

No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also 

known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 

HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

The blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, 

HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8- 

hr TWA). 

Retail food refrigeration 

(new and retrofit supermarket systems remote 

condensing units, and 

new and retrofit lowtemperature 2 standalone equipment only).

R-449A (Opteon® XP 

40).

Acceptable R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a 

blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg. 

No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2- 

pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also 

known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 

HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS 

Reg. No. 754–12–1). 

The blend is nonflammable. 

The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32, 

HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8- 

hr TWA). 

Non-mechanical heat 

transfer (new and retrofit equipment).

Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE; 

SineraTM).

Acceptable MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of 

structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro3-heptene and eight isomeric structures. 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for 

MPHE. 

1Observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants. 

2 ‘‘Low-temperature’’ refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures at or below 32 °F (0 °C). See appendix U to 40 

CFR part 82, subpart G. 3 ‘‘Medium-temperature’’ refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures above 32 °F (0 °C). See appendix U to 40 CFR 

part 82, subpart G. 

FOAM BLOWING

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Rigid polyurethane spray 

foam (high-pressure, 

two-part uses only)..

HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)- 

1,1,1,4,4,4- 

hexafluorobut-2-ene; 

cis-1,1,1,4,4,4,- 

hexafluorobut-2-ene; 

FEA–1100; Formacel®

1100).

Acceptable HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ozone depletion potential (ODP) and a 100-year GWP of roughly nine. 

This compound is nonflammable. 

The WEEL committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk Science recommends a WEEL for the workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for 

HFO-1336mzz(Z). 

Solvent Cleaning 

Electronics cleaning, metals cleaning, precision 

cleaning.

Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE; 

SionTM).

Acceptable MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of 

structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro3-heptene and eight isomeric structures. 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for 

MPHE. 


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42066 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations 

FOAM BLOWING—Continued 

End-use Substitute Decision Further information 1

Aerosols 

Solvent ............................. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 

(MPHE).

Acceptable MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of 

structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro3-heptene and eight isomeric structures. 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for 

MPHE. 

Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks 

Adhesives, coatings ......... Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE; 

SuprionTM).

Acceptable MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of 

structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro3-heptene and eight isomeric structures. 

This blend is nonflammable. 

The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for 

MPHE. 

1Observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for the listed substitute. 

[FR Doc. 2015–17469 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 6560–50–P 

NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE 

ARTS AND HUMANITIES 

National Endowment for the 

Humanities 

45 CFR Part 1171 

Change of Address 

AGENCY: National Endowment for the 

Humanities, National Foundation on the 

Arts and Humanities. 

ACTION: Final rule; technical 

amendments. 

SUMMARY: The National Endowment for 

the Humanities (NEH) is amending its 

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) 

regulations to reflect changes to its 

address as a result of an office move. 

These amendments are nonsubstantive, 

editorial in nature, and are intended to 

improve the accuracy of the regulations 

of NEH. 

DATES: Effective July 16, 2015. 

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 

Lisette Voyatzis, Deputy General 

Counsel, National Endowment for the 

Humanities, 400 7th Street SW., Room 

4060, Washington, DC 20506. 

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: NEH is 

making technical amendments to its 

FOIA regulations published at 45 CFR 

part 1171 to correct its address as a 

result of an office move. The former 

street address was: 1100 Pennsylvania 

Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20506. The 

new street address is: 400 7th Street 

SW., Washington, DC 20506. The 

amendments also correct all room 

numbers affected by the office move. All 

other contact information remains the 

same. 

Publication of this document 

constitutes final action of these changes 

under the Administrative Procedure Act 

(5 U.S.C. 553). NEH has determined that 

notice and public comment are 

unnecessary in this case because these 

amendments are nonsubstantive and 

editorial in nature. 

List of Subjects in 45 CFR Part 1171 

Administrative practice and 

procedure, Freedom of Information. 

Therefore, 45 CFR 1171 is amended as 

follows: 

PART 1171—PUBLIC ACCESS TO NEH 

RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF 

INFORMATION ACT 

■ 1. The authority citation for part 1171 

continues to read as follows: 

Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552, 31 U.S.C. 3717, 

E.O. 12600. 

§ 1171.5 [Amended] 

■ 2. Section 1171.5 is amended in 

paragraphs (c)(1) by removing ‘‘1100 

Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 529, 

Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in 

its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room 

4060, Washington, DC, 20506’’, and in 

paragraph (c)(2) by removing ‘‘1100 

Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 419, 

Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in 

its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room 

2200, Washington, DC 20506’’. 

§ 1171.10 [Amended] 

■ 3. Section 1171.10 is amended in 

paragraph (a) by removing ‘‘1100 

Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 503, 

Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in 

its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room 

4053, Washington, DC, 20506’’, and by 

removing ‘‘1100 Pennsylvania Ave. 

NW., Room 419, Washington, DC, 

20506’’ and adding in its place ‘‘400 7th 

Street SW., Room 2200, Washington, 

DC, 20506’’. 

Dated: July 1, 2015. 

Michael McDonald, 

General Counsel. 

[FR Doc. 2015–16844 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am] 

BILLING CODE 7536–01–P 


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