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NIST Special Publication 800-73-1

Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

March 2006

September 2008

SP 800-73-1 is superseded in its entirety by the publication of

SP 800-73-2 (September 2008).

NIST Special Publication 800-73-2

Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

Ramaswamy Chandramouli, James F. Dray, Hildegard Ferraiolo,

Scott B. Guthery, William MacGregor, Ketan Mehta

September 2008

http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-73-2

Computer Security Division (Information Technology Lab)

SP 800-73-4 (as of August 6, 2015)

http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/piv/

N/A
NIST Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity

Verification

March 2006

U.S. Department of Commerce

Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary

.

I N F O R M A T I O N S E C U R I T Y

U.S. Department of Commerce

National Institute of Standards and Technology

William Jeffrey, Director

James F. Dray

Scott B. Guthery

Teresa Schwarzhoff

Information Technology Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8930

NIST Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity

Verification

March 2006

U.S. Department of Commerce

Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary

.

I N F O R M A T I O N S E C U R I T Y

U.S. Department of Commerce

National Institute of Standards and Technology

William Jeffrey, Director

James F. Dray

Scott B. Guthery

Teresa Schwarzhoff

Information Technology Laboratory

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-8930

Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

Reports on Computer Systems Technology 

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology 

(NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation’s 

measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of 

concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of 

information technology. ITL’s responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, 

technical, and physical standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of non-national 

security-related information in Federal information systems. This special publication 800-series reports 

on ITL’s research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in information system security, and its collaborative 

activities with industry, government, and academic organizations. 

National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-73-1, 71 pages 

(March 2006) 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

Acknowledgements 

The authors (James Dray and Terry Schwarhoff of NIST, and Scott Guthery of Mobile Mind, Inc.) wish 

to thank their colleagues who reviewed drafts of this document and contributed to its development. 

Special thanks to the Government Smart Card Interagency Advisory Board (GSC-IAB) and InterNational 

Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) for providing detailed technical inputs to the 

SP 800-73 development process. Special recognition is due to Booz Allen Hamilton, and particularly to

Ketan Mehta, who made essential technical and editorial contributions. The authors also gratefully 

acknowledge and appreciate the many contributions from the public and private sectors whose thoughtful 

and constructive comments improved the quality and usefulness of this publication. 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

Table of Contents

1. PART 1: INTRODUCTION, PIV DATA MODEL AND MIGRATION CONSIDERATIONS .................1

1.1 AUTHORITY ..................................................................................................................................................1

1.2 PURPOSE .......................................................................................................................................................1

1.3 SCOPE ...........................................................................................................................................................2

1.4 AUDIENCE AND ASSUMPTIONS......................................................................................................................2

1.5 DOCUMENT OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................2

1.5.1 Part 1: Common Data Model and Migration Considerations.................................................................2

1.5.2 Part 2: The Transitional Interfaces .........................................................................................................2

1.5.3 Part 3: The End-Point Interfaces.............................................................................................................2

1.5.4 Appendices...............................................................................................................................................3

1.6 MIGRATION CONSIDERATIONS......................................................................................................................3

1.7 PIV DATA MODEL........................................................................................................................................4

1.8 MANDATORY DATA ELEMENTS ....................................................................................................................5

1.8.1 Card Capability Container......................................................................................................................5

1.8.2 PIV Authentication Key ...........................................................................................................................5

1.8.3 CHUID.....................................................................................................................................................5

1.8.4 Fingerprints.............................................................................................................................................6

1.8.5 Security Object.........................................................................................................................................6

1.9 OPTIONAL DATA ELEMENTS .........................................................................................................................6

1.9.1 Printed Information Buffer ......................................................................................................................6

1.9.2 Facial Image Buffer.................................................................................................................................6

1.9.3 Digital Signature Key ..............................................................................................................................7

1.9.4 Key Management Key ..............................................................................................................................7

1.9.5 Card Authentication Key .........................................................................................................................7

2. PART 2: TRANSITION CARD INTERFACES..............................................................................................8

2.1 PIV APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE.............................................................................................8

2.1.1 Basic Services Interface...........................................................................................................................8

2.2 PIV CARD APPLICATION VERSION ...............................................................................................................8

2.2.1 PIV Objects Naming Structure ................................................................................................................9

2.2.2 Mapping mechanisms ............................................................................................................................10

2.3 CARD EDGE COMMANDS ............................................................................................................................10

2.3.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................10

2.3.2 Data Format and Structure....................................................................................................................10

2.3.3 PIV Card Edge Commands....................................................................................................................10

2.4 GENERAL STATUS CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................................16

3. PART 3: END-POINT CONCEPTS AND CONSTRUCTS..........................................................................17

3.1 UNIFIED CARD COMMAND INTERFACE .......................................................................................................17

3.1.1 Platform Requirements..........................................................................................................................17

3.2 NAMESPACES OF THE PIV CARD APPLICATION ..........................................................................................18

3.3 DATA OBJECTS ...........................................................................................................................................18

3.3.1 Data Object Content..............................................................................................................................18

3.4 CARD APPLICATIONS ..................................................................................................................................18

3.4.1 Personal Identity Verification Card Application ...................................................................................19

3.4.2 Default Selected Card Application ........................................................................................................19

3.5 SECURITY ARCHITECTURE ..........................................................................................................................19

3.5.1 Access Control Rule...............................................................................................................................19

3.5.2 Security Status .......................................................................................................................................20

3.5.3 Authentication of an Individual .............................................................................................................20

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

3.6 CURRENT STATE OF THE PIV CARD APPLICATION......................................................................................20

4. PART 3: END-POINT DATA OBJECTS.......................................................................................................22

4.1 PIV CARD APPLICATION DATA OBJECTS....................................................................................................22

4.2 OIDS AND TAGS OF PIV CARD APPLICATION DATA OBJECTS....................................................................22

5. PART 3: END-POINT DATA TYPES AND THEIR REPRESENTATIONS ............................................24

5.1 ALGORITHM IDENTIFIER .............................................................................................................................24

5.2 APPLICATION PROPERTY TEMPLATE...........................................................................................................25

5.3 AUTHENTICATOR ........................................................................................................................................25

5.4 CONNECTION DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................25

5.5 KEY REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................26

5.6 STATUS WORDS ..........................................................................................................................................27

5.7 OBJECT IDENTIFIERS ...................................................................................................................................28

6. PART 3: END-POINT CLIENT-APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE...............................29

6.1 ENTRY POINTS FOR COMMUNICATION ........................................................................................................29

6.1.1 pivConnect.............................................................................................................................................29

6.1.2 pivDisconnect ........................................................................................................................................30

6.2 ENTRY POINTS FOR DATA ACCESS..............................................................................................................30

6.2.1 pivSelectCardApplication ......................................................................................................................30

6.2.2 pivLogIntoCardApplication...................................................................................................................31

6.2.3 pivGetData.............................................................................................................................................31

6.2.4 pivLogoutOfCardApplication ................................................................................................................32

6.3 ENTRY POINTS FOR CRYPTOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS ....................................................................................32

6.3.1 pivCrypt .................................................................................................................................................32

6.4 ENTRY POINTS FOR CREDENTIAL INITIALIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION..................................................33

6.4.1 pivPutData.............................................................................................................................................33

6.4.2 pivGenerateKeyPair..............................................................................................................................34

7. PART 3: END-POINT PIV CARD APPLICATION CARD COMMAND INTERFACE.........................35

7.1 PIV CARD APPLICATION CARD COMMANDS FOR DATA ACCESS................................................................35

7.1.1 SELECT Card Command.......................................................................................................................35

7.1.2 GET DATA Card Command ..................................................................................................................37

7.2 PIV CARD APPLICATION CARD COMMANDS FOR AUTHENTICATION ..........................................................37

7.2.1 VERIFY Card Command .......................................................................................................................37

7.2.2 CHANGE REFERENCE DATA Card Command...................................................................................38

7.2.3 RESET RETRY COUNTER Card Command .........................................................................................39

7.2.4 GENERAL AUTHENTICATE Card Command......................................................................................40

7.3 PIV CARD APPLICATION CARD COMMANDS FOR CREDENTIAL INITIALIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION ....42

7.3.1 PUT DATA Card Command ..................................................................................................................42

7.3.2 GENERATE ASYMMETRIC KEY PAIR Card Command......................................................................43

List of Appendices 

APPENDIX A— PIV DATA MODEL.....................................................................................................................45

APPENDIX B— EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF GENERAL AUTHENTICATE.............................................49

B.1 AUTHENTICATION OF THE PIV CARD APPLICATION ADMINISTRATOR........................................................49

B.2 VALIDATION OF THE PIV CARD APPLICATION............................................................................................49

APPENDIX C— PIV AUTHENTICATION USE CASES ....................................................................................51

C.1 USE CASE DIAGRAMS .................................................................................................................................52

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C.1.1 Authentication using PIV Visual Credentials....................................................................................52

C.1.2 Authentication using PIV CHUID.....................................................................................................53

C.1.3 Authentication using PIV Biometrics ................................................................................................53

C.1.4 Authentication using PIV Authentication Key ...................................................................................55

C.2 SUMMARY TABLE .......................................................................................................................................56

APPENDIX D— TERMS, ACRONYMS, AND NOTATION...............................................................................58

D.1 TERMS ........................................................................................................................................................58

D.2 ACRONYMS.................................................................................................................................................59

D.3 NOTATION...................................................................................................................................................61

APPENDIX E— REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................62

List of Figures 

Figure C-1: Authentication using PIV Visual Credentials............................................................52

Figure C-2: Authentication using PIV CHUID .............................................................................53

Figure C-3: Authentication using PIV Biometrics ........................................................................54

Figure C-4: Authentication using PIV Biometrics (Attended) ......................................................55

Figure C-5: Authentication using PIV Authentication Key...........................................................56

List of Tables 

Table 1. SP 800-73 Data Model Containers ................................................................................5

Table 2. Full PIV Card Versions...................................................................................................9

Table 3. VM Card Commands ...................................................................................................11

Table 4. File Card Commands ...................................................................................................11

Table 5. State of the PIV Card Application ................................................................................21

Table 6. Object Identifiers of the PIV Data Objects for Interoperable Use.................................22

Table 7. Cryptographic Algorithm Identifiers..............................................................................24

Table 8. Data Objects in the PIV Card Application Property Template (Tag '61')......................25

Table 9. Data Objects in a Coexistent Tag Allocation Authority Template (Tag '79').................25

Table 10. Data Objects in an Authenticator Template (Tag '67') ...............................................25

Table 11. Data Objects in a Connection Description Template (Tag ‘7F21’).............................26

Table 12. PIV Card Application Authentication Algorithms and Key References ......................27

Table 13. Status Words .............................................................................................................27

Table 14. Entry Points on PIV Client-Application Programming Interface .................................29

Table 15. PIV Card Application Card Commands......................................................................35

Table 16. Data Objects in the Data Field of the GET DATA Card Command............................37

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

Table 17. Data Objects in the Dynamic Authentication Template (Tag ‘7C’).............................41

Table 18. Data Objects in the Data Field of the PUT DATA Card Command............................42

Table 19. Data Objects in the Template (Tag ‘AC’) ...................................................................43

Table 20. Cryptographic Mechanism Identifiers.........................................................................43

Table 21. Data Objects in the Template (Tag ‘7F49’)................................................................44

Table 22. Authentication of PIV Card Application Administrator................................................49

Table 23. Validation of the PIV Card Application Using GENERAL AUTHENTICATE..............50

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1. Part 1: Introduction, PIV Data Model and Migration Considerations 

The Homeland Security Presidential Directive HSPD-12 called for a common identification standard to 

be adopted governing the interoperable use of identity credentials to allow physical and logical access to 

Federal government locations and systems. The Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal 

Employees and Contractors, Federal Information Processing Standard 201 (FIPS 201) [4] was developed 

to establish standards for identity credentials. This document, Special Publication 800-73 (SP 800-73), 

specifies interface requirements for retrieving and using the identity credentials from the PIV Card1

 and is 

a companion document to FIPS 201. 

1.1 Authority

This document has been developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 

furtherance of its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Management Act 

(FISMA) of 2002, Public Law 107-347. 

NIST is responsible for developing standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements, for 

providing adequate information security for all agency operations and assets, but such standards and 

guidelines shall not apply to national security systems. This recommendation is consistent with the 

requirements of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130, Section 8b(3), Securing 

Agency Information Systems, as analyzed in A-130, Appendix IV: Analysis of Key Sections. 

Supplemental information is provided A-130, Appendix III. 

This recommendation has been prepared for use by federal agencies. It may be used by nongovernmental organizations on a voluntary basis and is not subject to copyright though attribution is 

desirable. Nothing in this document should be taken to contradict standards and guidelines made 

mandatory and binding on Federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under statutory authority. Nor 

should this recommendation be interpreted as altering or superseding the existing authorities of the 

Secretary of Commerce, Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), or any other Federal 

official. 

1.2 Purpose 

FIPS 201 defines procedures for the PIV lifecycle activities including identity proofing, registration, PIV 

Card issuance, and PIV Card usage. FIPS 201 also specifies that the identity credentials must be stored 

on a smart card. This document contains technical specifications to interface with the smart card to 

retrieve and use the identity credentials. These specifications reflect the design goals of interoperability 

and PIV Card functions. The goals are addressed by specifying a PIV data model, communication 

interface, and application programming interface. Moreover, this specification enumerates requirements 

where the standards include options and branches. This document goes further by constraining

implementers' interpretation of the normative standards. Such restrictions are designed to ease 

implementation, facilitate interoperability, and ensure performance, in a manner tailored for PIV 

applications. 

 1

 A physical artifact (e.g., identity card, “smart” card) issued to an individual that contains stored identity credentials (e.g.,

photograph, cryptographic keys, biometric data) so that the claimed identity of the cardholder can be verified against the 

stored credentials by another person (human readable and verifiable) or an automated process (computer readable and 

verifiable).

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

1.3 Scope 

This document specifies the PIV data model, Application Programming Interface (API), and card 

interface requirements necessary to comply with the mandated use cases, as defined in Section 6 of FIPS 

201 and further elaborated in Section 1.7 below, for interoperability across deployments or agencies. 

Interoperability is defined as the use of PIV identity credentials such that client-application programs, 

compliant card applications and compliant integrated circuit cards (ICC) can be used interchangeably by

all information processing systems across Federal agencies. The specification defines PIV data element 

identifiers, structure, and format. This specification also describes the client-application programming 

interface and the card command interface for use of the PIV Card. This document does not address the 

back-end processes that must be performed to attain full identity assertion. 

1.4 Audience and Assumptions 

This document is targeted at Federal agencies and implementers of PIV systems. Readers are assumed to 

have a working knowledge of smart card standards and applications. 

1.5 Document Overview

The document describes two realizations of the client-application programming and card command 

interfaces for personal identity verification: the transitional interfaces and the end-point interfaces. 

The transitional interfaces may be used by agencies with an existing identity card program as an optional 

intermediate step in evolving to the end-point interfaces. The end-point interfaces are used by agencies 

without an existing identity card program and by agencies that elect to evolve to the end-point interface in 

one step rather than two. 

The document is divided into three parts as follows: 

1.5.1 Part 1: Common Data Model and Migration Considerations 

Part 1 consists of Section 1, this first section of the document. In addition to describing the document 

itself it provides the specification for that which is common to both the transitional and end-point 

interfaces. Section 1 also includes guidance as to strategies for migrating from the transitional interfaces 

to the end-point interfaces.

Exactly the same data appears on both the transitional and end-point interfaces. Therefore the description 

of the data for personal identity verification, the PIV data model, is included in Section 1. 

1.5.2 Part 2: The Transitional Interfaces 

Part 2 consists of Section 2 of this document. This section describes the subsets of Government Smart 

Card Interoperability Specification (GSC-IS) [7] that comprise the transitional interface specifications for 

use by agencies with legacy GSC-IS based card deployments. 

1.5.3 Part 3: The End-Point Interfaces 

Part 3 consists of Sections 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of this document. These sections describe in detail the 

mandatory end-point PIV card and client application interfaces. 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

+ Section 3, Concepts and Constructs, describes the model of computation of the PIV clientapplication programming interface and the PIV Card Application including information 

processing concepts and data representation constructs. 

+ Section 4, Data Objects for Interoperable Use, describes the format and coding of the data 

structures used by the PIV client-application programming interface and the PIV Card 

Application. 

+ Section 5, Data Types and their Representations, provides the details of the data found on the PIV 

client-application programming interface and PIV Card Application card command interface. 

+ Section 6, The PIV Client-Application Programming Interface, describes the PIV clientapplication programming interface in programming language independent terms.

+ Section 7, The PIV Card Application Card Command Interface, describes the card command 

interface to the PIV Card Application. 

1.5.4 Appendices 

The appendices contain material needing special formatting together with illustrative and exemplar 

material to aid in understanding information in the body of the document. 

1.6 Migration Considerations 

This document provides two interface specifications: 1) a transitional Card Specification as described in 

Part 2; and 2) a FIPS 201 PIV–II Card Specification as described in Part 3. Part 2 is a PIV profile derived 

from the Government Smart Card Interoperability Specification, Version 2.1(NISTIR 6887). This Part 2 

PIV profile is informative, and is presented as one possible path that agencies with existing GSC-IS based 

smart card deployments may choose to follow during the transition to Part 3 card deployment. All 

agencies must ultimately comply with Part 3 in accordance with the schedule provided by the Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB). Full Part 3 deployment is therefore the endpoint of each agency's

transition plan. 

Agencies may either elect to implement an approved transitional specification (see Section 2) particularly

when migrating from currently widely implemented identity card architectures to the Part 3 specifications 

described in subsequent sections of this publication, or to implement the Part 3 specifications directly. 

NIST supports agency efforts towards government-wide PIV-II interoperability described in the Part 3 

specification. NIST also supports transition specifications for widely implemented deployments as they

migrate towards the Part 3 specifications. 

The Part 2 migration path is based on continuity of the PIV data model. Specific considerations 

associated with this migration path are highlighted below: 

+ Part 2 presents a subset of the dual GSC-IS card edge interfaces. Part 3 presents a unified card 

edge interface that is technology independent and compliant with existing international standards. 

+ Part 3 provides limited credential administration functionality. A unified and interoperable card 

management solution between issuing domains including the loading of new card applications is 

not provided.

+ Named data objects within the data model may be directly accessed. If a data object is managed 

by the default application, it can be retrieved directly without selecting the application. This 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

avoids a requirement to search through discovery to get named data objects. Otherwise, the (nondefault) application managing the data object is selected and the data object is retrieved from this 

application. The GET DATA command described in Section 6 retrieves a data object in one 

command. 

+ The data model including the data model namespace is controlled by NIST and hence change 

management of well known and interoperable data objects will be managed by NIST in the 

process of managing the overall data model. As a first step in namespace management, the data 

object identifiers of GSC-IS and transitional systems in the range ‘0000’ through ‘9FFF’ will be 

explicitly managed by NIST and data object identifiers of GSC-IS and transitional systems in the 

range ‘A000’ through ‘FFFF’ are placed under control of the card issuer. 

+ Each application managing one or more of the directly addressable data model data objects will 

have a version number enabling the relying application to figure out the level of the information 

contained within the object. The version of the Part 3 PIV Card Application is encoded in its full 

Application IDentifier (AID) which is returned when this application is selected. This is in 

addition to the Card Capability Container (CCC) style data model naming facility carried over 

from GSC-IS. 

+ Agency-specific applications can be included on cards containing PIV applications. These 

applications may define and manage their own namespaces that are used when the application is 

used. Such applications will have application identifiers outside the application namespace 

managed by NIST; that is, application identifiers not rooted on the NIST Registered application 

provider IDentifier (RID). 

1.7 PIV Data Model 

The PIV data model for SP 800-73 is constructed according to GSC-IS specifications. Table 1 defines a 

high level view of the data model. Each container is labeled either as Mandatory or Optional. Mandatory

data elements are common to both Part 2 and 3. This data model is designed to enable and support dual 

interface cards. Note that access conditions based on the interface mode (contact vs. contactless) take 

precedence over all Access Rules defined in Table 1, Column 3. 

Appendix A provides a detailed spreadsheet for the data model. ContainerIDs and Tags within the 

containers are defined by this data model and in accord with SP 800-73 naming conventions. It provides 

guidance on lengths for fields and sizes for buffers. These lengths and sizes are under issuer control, as 

are optional containers. Issuers should calculate their specific data size requirements for implementation 

specific needs. 

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Table 1. SP 800-73 Data Model Containers

RID 'A0 00 00 00 01 16' ContainerID Access Rule Contact / 

Contactless 

M/O 

Card Capability Container 0xDB00 Read Always Contact Mandatory

CHUID Buffer 0x3000 Read Always Contact & 

Contactless 

Mandatory 

PIV Authentication Certificate Buffer 0x0101 Read Always Contact Mandatory 

Fingerprint Buffer 0x6010 PIN Contact Mandatory

Printed Information Buffer 0x3001 PIN Contact Optional 

Facial Image Buffer 0x6030 PIN Contact Optional 

Digital Signature Certificate Buffer 0x0100 Read Always Contact Optional

Key Management Certificate Buffer 0x0102 Read Always Contact Optional

Card Authentication Certificate 

Buffer 

0x0500 Read Always Contact Optional 

Security Object Buffer 0x9000 Read Always Contact Mandatory 

1.8 Mandatory Data Elements 

The mandatory data containers support FIPS 201 minimum mandatory compliance. 

1.8.1 Card Capability Container 

The CCC is mandatory for compliance with the GSC-IS specification. It supports minimum capabilities 

for lookup on data model and application information. 

The data model shall be identified by data model number “0x10”. Deployed applications use “0x00” 

through “0x04”. This enables the GSC-IS application domain to correctly identify a new data model 

name space and structure as defined in this document. 

1.8.2 PIV Authentication Key 

The PIV Authentication Key as defined in FIPS 201 is used to authenticate the card and cardholder using 

the Personal Identification Number (PIN). 

1.8.3 CHUID 

The Cardholder Unique Identifier (CHUID) buffer is defined in accordance with the Technical 

Implementation Guidance: Smart Card Enabled Physical Access Control Systems (TIG SCEPACS). [5] 

For this specification, the CHUID is common between the contact and contactless chips. For dual chip 

implementations, the CHUID is copied in its entirety between the two chips. 

In addition to the requirements specified in TIG SCEPACS, the CHUID on a PIV Card shall meet the 

following requirements: 

+ The Federal Agency Smart Credential Number (FASC-N) shall be consistent with the TIG 

SCEPACS Option for “System Code || Credential Number” to establish a credential number space 

of 9,999,999,999 credentials. 

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+ The Global Unique Identifier (GUID) field must be present, and may include either an issuer 

assigned IPv6 address or be coded as all zeros. The GUID is included to enable future migration 

away from the FASC-N into a robust numbering scheme for all issued credentials. 

+ The DUNS and Organizational Code fields are optional. 

+ The Authentication Key Map is specified as an optional field which enables the application to 

discover the key reference. This is one method of implementing the symmetric 

challenge/response protocols using the Card Authentication Key.

+ The Expiration Date is mapped to the reserved for future use (RFU) tag 0x35, keeping that within 

the existing scope of the TIG SCEPACS specification. This field shall be 8 bytes in length and 

shall be encoded as YYYYMMDD. 

+ The CHUID is signed in accordance with FIPS 201. The card issuer’s digital signature key shall 

be used to sign the CHUID. The signature field of the CHUID contains the card issuer’s

certificate. 

1.8.4 Fingerprints 

The fingerprint buffers specify the primary and secondary fingerprints in accordance with the FIPS 201. 

The Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework (CBEFF) headers shall contain the FASC-N and 

shall require the Integrity Option. The headers shall not require the Confidentiality Option. 

1.8.5 Security Object 

The security object is in accordance with Appendix C of PKI for Machine Readable Travel Documents 

Offering ICC Read-Only Access Version 1.1. [8] Tag “0xBA” is used to map the ContainerIDs in the 

PIV data model to the 16 Data Groups specified in the Machine Readable Travel Document (MRTD). 

This enables the security object to be fully compliant for future activities with identity documents. 

The card issuer's digital signature key used to sign the CHUID shall also be used to sign the security 

object. The signature field of the security object shall omit the issuer’s certificate, since it is included in 

the CHUID. 

1.9 Optional Data Elements 

The optional data elements of FIPS 201, when implemented, shall conform to the specifications provided 

in this document. 

1.9.1 Printed Information Buffer 

All FIPS 201 mandatory information printed on the card is duplicated on the chip in this buffer. The 

Security Object enforces integrity of this information according to the issuer. This provides specific 

protection that the card information must match the printed information, mitigating alteration risks on the 

printed media. 

1.9.2 Facial Image Buffer 

The photo on the chip supports human verification only. It is not intended to support facial recognition 

systems for automated identity verification. The Security Object enforces integrity of this information 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

according to the issuer. This provides specific protection that the card information must match the printed 

information, mitigating alteration risks on the printed media. 

1.9.3 Digital Signature Key

This key and certificate supports the use of digital signatures for the purpose of document signing. The 

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptographic function is protected with a “PIN Always” access rule. 

This requires cardholder participation every time the key is used for digital signature generation. 

1.9.4 Key Management Key

This key and certificate supports the use of encryption for the purpose of confidentiality. This key pair is 

escrowed by the issuer for key recovery purposes. The PKI cryptographic function is protected with a 

“PIN” access rule. This requires cardholder activation, but enables multiple compute operations without 

additional cardholder consent. 

1.9.5 Card Authentication Key

This key and certificate if the key is an asymmetric key supports PIV Card Authentication for device to 

device authentication purposes. Cardholder consent is not required to use this key. The access rule for 

PKI cryptographic functions is “Always”. Where the Card Authentication Key is a symmetric key, the 

CHUID authentication key map shall be present and specify the cryptographic algorithm and key storage 

location. 

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2. Part 2: Transition Card Interfaces 

2.1 PIV Application Programming Interface 

2.1.1 Basic Services Interface 

This chapter defines the Basic Services Interface (BSI) services provided to a PIV application. The 

following specification is compliant with NIST Interagency Report (NISTIR) 6887 unless otherwise 

specified. 

The functions listed hereafter are a subset of NISTIR 6887; these functions are required to implement the 

PIV application use cases defined in this document: 

+ gscBsiUtilAcquireContext() 

+ gscBsiUtilConnect() 

+ gscBsiUtilDisconnect() 

+ gscBsiUtilBeginTransaction() 

+ gscBsiUtilEndTransaction() 

+ gscBsiUtilGetVersion() 

+ gscBsiUtilGetCardStatus() 

+ gscBsiUtilGetExtendedErrorText() 

+ gscBsiUtilGetReaderList() 

+ gscBsiUtilReleaseContext()

+ gscBsiGcReadTagList() 

+ gscBsiGcReadValue()

+ gscBsiPkiCompute() 

2.2 PIV Card Application Version 

The application hosting the CHUID is always mandatory on the PIV Card in BOTH contact and 

contactless modes. When selected, that application must return the PIV Application version on response 

to select. 

The PIV Application Version indicates: 

1. Reference to the supported card edge specifications 

2. PIV Data Model Object Identifier 

3. List of mandatory applications with their AIDs 

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4. Reference to the mandatory subset of the PIV data model for each application (Object Identifiers) 

5. Cryptographic capabilities for each application 

Specific values are specified in both contact and contactless modes. 

The PIV Application Version is returned on response to SELECT to the PIV Application containing the 

CHUID on the card, for both contact and contactless modes. 

The last byte of the application name returned indicates the Application version in the card and the card 

type of Virtual Machine (VM) or File System (FS).

The Application version byte returned by the card is structured as follow: 

Bit8 = 0b VM card edge 

Bit8 =1b FS card edge 

 Bits 7-1 PIV application version in this given card 

This number indicates the release of the SP800-73 specification that the PIV 

Card is following. 

Table 2. Full PIV Card Versions

PIV Application 

Version 

Description Data Model 

0x00 FULL PIV on VM 

Card 

PIV Data Model 

Object Identifier 

0x80 FULL PIV on FS

Card 

PIV Data Model 

Object Identifier 

2.2.1 PIV Objects Naming Structure 

+ At the card edge level, the Objects are referenced by GSC-IS Object Identifier (2 bytes), and are 

located within an AID. Where AID = Issuer RID (5bytes) || PIX. In this context, the Proprietary

Identifier eXtension (PIX) consists of 2 bytes: Application ID. 

+ Each card application Uniform Resource Locator (URL) listed in the CCC consists of the 

following sequence of elements: 

 Issuer RID (any value assigned to the card issuer) 

 Card Application Type: PKI, GC: indicates the Application Protocol Data Unit (APDU) 

commands available on that object. 

 GSC-IS Object Identifier: Identifies the Container or Object to Select. 

 AID or PIX. 

All the following CardApplicationURL fields (AccessProfile, pinID, AccessKeyInfo, 

keyCryptoAlgorithm) are not present in the context of the PIV Application on VM Cards, but are optional 

on File System Cards. 

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+ At the BSI level, the objects are referenced by 7 bytes GSC-IS Object AID (Issuer RID || GSC-IS 

Object Identifier). 

+ At a door reader or when PIV applications directly access the card edge, the objects are 

referenced by 2 bytes GSC-IS Object Identifiers. 

2.2.2 Mapping mechanisms 

The CCC CardApplicationURL is used to lookup the GSC-IS Object Identifier and construct the 

corresponding application identifier for selection. 

2.3 Card Edge Commands 

2.3.1 General 

The PIV application supports a dual VM and File System card edge to assure interoperability and 

maintain compatibility with existing GSC-IS based systems. 

The PIV Application also requires a contactless interface. The contactless command interface is 

compliant with NISTIR 6887 Appendix G. However, in both cases (Virtual Machine and File System), 

the contactless interface relies on the data model Object IDs and Tags defined in this 800-73 specification 

rather than the Object IDs and Tags defined in Appendix G. Dual interface VM cards shall have the 

CHUID Object available for selection in the default selected applet allowing them to honor a Select 

Object/EF CHUID issued immediately after the card answer to reset. 

The information presented at the interface has a format that is specific to the card edge type as described 

in NISTIR 6887. 

2.3.2 Data Format and Structure 

See NISTIR 6887 Sections 8.2, 8.3, 8.4.

2.3.3 PIV Card Edge Commands 

To satisfy the requirements of PIV, only a subset of the GSC-IS commands are required. The APDUs are 

divided into two categories: Commands for Common Interface and Commands for Authentication. 

Note: PIV Cards must support either the VM Card edge or the FS card edge. A mix and match of APDUs 

between card edges is not allowed. 

The ADPU commands and responses are defined in NISTIR 6887, Table 5-2 and 5-3. 

To implement a PIV Card using VM card commands, the following card commands are needed. 

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Table 3. VM Card Commands

Type Name

Commands for common interface SELECT APPLET / SELECT OBJECT

GET RESPONSE 

Card platform commands for common interface READ BUFFER 

Commands for authentication VERIFY 

PRIVATE SIGN / DECRYPT 

Note that the usable command set depends on the currently selected object. 

+ After a selection of a container object, all commands above but PRIVATE SIGN/DECRYPT are 

available. 

+ After a selection of a PKI object, all commands above are available. 

To implement a PIV Card using file system card commands, the following card commands are needed. 

Table 4. File Card Commands

Type Name

SELECT Commands for common 

interface GET RESPONSE 

Card Platform Commands 

for Common Interface READ BINARY

VERIFY 

MANAGE SECURITY

ENVIRONMENT

Commands for

Authentication

PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION

2.3.3.1 VM Card Platform Commands for Common Interface 

2.3.3.1.1 SELECT APPLET/SELECT OBJECT APDU 

The SELECT command serves two purposes in a VM card 1) sets the currently selected application 2) 

sets the currently selected object. 

 

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Command Message 

CLA 0x00 

INS 0xA4

P1 Reference Control Parameter

P2 0x00 

Lc Length of the Data field 

Data Field Applet AID or Card Object ID 

Le Empty

Reference control parameter P1 

Parameter P1 indicates the type of selection to perform. The accepted values are:

 04h for selecting an application by AID and as a consequence selection of the default object in

this application. 

 02h for selecting an object by Object Identifier. 

 This command supports selection of the object using AID or File ID. 

Data field sent in the command message 

In the case of application selection, the data field contains the AID. 

In the case of object selection, the data field contains the Object Identifier 

Response Message 

Data field returned in the response message 

If the APDU result indicates success, 

For selecting a card object, the response message is null but Status Word (SW); 

Addition to NISTIR 6887: For selecting an applet, the response message contains the minimum File

Control Information defined in ISO-7816-4 (FCI), as follows: 

Offset Value Description 

00h 6Fh FCI template tag

01h 4 + AID Length Length of FCI template

02h 84h Application name tag

03h AID Length Length of application name

04h AID Instance AID Value 

4+ AID 

Length

A5h Proprietary Data tag

5+ AID 

Length

00h Length=00

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Processing state returned in the response message 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

6A 82 Application not found 

90 00 Successful Execution

69 99 Select Fails (returned by card platform) - addition to NISTIR 6887 

2.3.3.1.2 GET RESPONSE APDU 

See NISTIR 6887, Section 5.3.3.6. 

2.3.3.1.3 READ BUFFER APDU

See NISTIR 6887, Section 5.3.4.2. 

2.3.3.2 VM Card Platform Commands for Authentication 

2.3.3.2.1 VERIFY APDU 

This APDU is used to compare the PIN with corresponding authentication data on the smart card. The 

host sends the authentication data in this APDU and directs the smart card to compare it with 

authentication data on the smart card. The authentication data is passed unencrypted. 

Command Message 

CLA 0x00 

INS 0x20 

P1 0x00 

P2 0x00 

Lc Length of Data Field. Must be 8 

Data Field Authentication data (i.e., PIN) 

Le Empty

Note: If Lc=0x00 and the command data field is empty, the command can be used to retrieve the number 

of further retries allowed or to check whether verification is not needed. 

Key Reference Identifier P2 

In addition to NISTR 6887 the PIN used in PIV Cards using the File Card Edge shall comply with the 

PIN format defined in Section 3.5.3. 

Response Message 

Data Field returned in the Response Message 

Empty.

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Processing State returned in the Response Message 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

63 00 Verification failed

63 CX Verification failed, X indicates the number of further allowed retries 

69 83 Authentication method blocked 

69 84 Referenced data deactivated

6A 86 Incorrect parameters P1-P2 

6A 88 Reference data not found 

90 00 Correct execution

2.3.3.2.2 PRIVATE SIGN/DECRYPT APDU 

This command is used to perform an Rivest, Shamir, Aldeman (RSA) signature or data decryption. 

Command Message 

CLA 0x80 

INS 0x42 

P1 Reference Control Parameter P1 

P2 0x00 

Lc Data Field length 

Data Field Data to sign or decrypt 

Le Expected length of the signature/decryption

Reference control parameter P1 (Addition to NISTIR 6887) 

Control parameter P1 indicates whether more blocks containing the data follows. This is used to chain 

multiple APDUs in order to transport the input data for 2048-bit or greater RSA operations. Note that 

this command chaining method is not compliant with international integrated circuit standards ISO/IEC 

7816, Information Technology – Identification Cards – Integrated Circuit(s) Card with Contacts, [1] nor 

therefore is it compatible with the Part 3 command chaining method which is compliant with international 

ICC standards. 

b8 b7 b6 b5 b4 b3 b2 b1 Meaning

0 X X X X X X X No more block to follow

1 X X X X X X X More blocks to follow

Data field sent in the command message 

The data field contains the data to be signed using the selected RSA key pair. 

The data must be already padded before the message is sent. 

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Response Message 

Data field returned in the response message 

The data field in the response message contains the data signed or decrypted. The client application is 

responsible for any data padding. 

Processing state returned in the response message 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

67 00 Command data length not equal to RSA key size 

69 83 RSA Private Key not initialized

69 82 Access condition not satisfied

69 85 Conditions of use not satisfied (Current selected object is not valid) 

61 XX for “normal processing, XX bytes of data is read and available for a 

subsequent Get Response” 

2.3.3.3 File Card Platform Commands 

2.3.3.3.1 SELECT APDU 

See NISTIR 6887 sections 5.1.1.3, 5.1.1.3.1, 5.1.1.4 and 5.1.1.5. Only two SELECT commands are 

required for the transitional PIV application. "Select EF" is required to be supported (P1 = 0x00 or P1

0x02) and "Select File by name" is required to be used to access the CCC for all cards. This departs from

GSC-IS which uses a different mechanism to find out about the card edge available on the card. 

Note: in GSC-IS, even if a File Card supports the APDU command Select DF by name, the CCC shall 

not use the GSA AID (A00000000116DB00) as the name of the CCC allowing to find out it is a file card.

This is different in this specification. 

2.3.3.3.2 GET RESPONSE APDU 

See NISTIR 6887, Section 5.1.1 

2.3.3.3.3 READ BINARY APDU 

See NISTIR 6887, Section 5.1.1 

2.3.3.3.4 MANAGE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 

See NISTIR 6887 Section 5.1.3.1 

2.3.3.3.5 PERFORM SECURITY OPERATION APDU 

See NISTIR 6887, Section 5.1.1 

2.3.3.3.6 VERIFY APDU 

See NISTIR 6887, Section 5.1.1 

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In addition to NISTR 6887 the PIN used in PIV Cards using the File Card Edge shall comply with the 

PIN format defined in Section 3.5.3. 

2.4 General Status Conditions 

See NISTIR 6887 for General Status Conditions. 

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3. Part 3: End-Point Concepts and Constructs 

Special Publication 800-73 Part 3 defines two interfaces to an ICC that contains the Personal Identity

Verification card application: a high-level PIV client-API and a low-level PIV Card Application card 

command interface (card edge). 

The information processing concepts and data constructs on both interfaces are identical and may be 

referred to generically as the information processing concepts and data constructs on the PIV interfaces

without specific reference to the client-application programming interface or the card command interface. 

The client-application programming interface provides task-specific programmatic access to these 

concepts and constructs and the card command interface provides communication access to concepts and 

constructs. The client-application programming interface is used by client applications using the PIV 

Card Application. The card command interface is used by software implementing the client-application 

programming interface (middleware). 

The client-application programming interface is thought of as being at a higher level than the card 

command interface because access to a single entry point on the client-application programming interface 

may cause multiple card commands to traverse the card command interface. In other words, it may

require more than one card command on the card command interface to accomplish the task represented 

by a single call on an entry point client-application programming interface 

The client-application programming interface is a program execution, call/return style interface whereas 

the card command interface is a communication protocol, command/response style interface. Because of 

this difference the representation of the PIV concepts and constructs as bits and bytes on the clientapplication program interface may be different from the representation of these same concepts and 

constructs on the card command interface. 

3.1 Unified Card Command Interface 

The card command interface of the PIV Card Application is a unification of the two card command 

interfaces found in GSC-IS and in Section 2 described above. 

This unification is accomplished by adopting the object-oriented model of computation of the GSC-IS 

virtual machine card edge and realizing its technical details using the data structures and operations found 

in the international ICC standards underpinning the GSC-IS file system card edge [1]. This brings the 

PIV Card Application into conformance with those standards with minimal impact on existing GSC-IS 

deployments. 

As a result of this unification, the behavior of the PIV Card Application and the client-applications 

accessing it is independent of the ICC platform on which the PIV Card Application is installed. 

3.1.1 Platform Requirements 

The following are the requirements that the PIV Card Application places on the ICC platform on which it 

is implemented or installed: 

 global security status that includes the security status of a global cardholder PIN

 application selection using a truncated AID 

 ability to reset the security status of an individual application 

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 indication to applications as to which physical communication interface – contact versus 

contactless – is in use 

 support for the default selection of an application upon warm or cold reset. 

3.2 Namespaces of the PIV Card Application 

Names used on the PIV interfaces are drawn from three namespaces managed by NIST: 

 PIXes of the NIST RID 

 ASN.1 object identifiers (OIDs) in the personal verification subset of the OIDs managed by NIST 

 Basic Encoding Rules – Tag Length Value (BER-TLV) tags of the NIST PIV coexistent tag 

allocation scheme 

All unspecified names in these managed namespaces are reserved for future use. 

All interindustry tags defined in [1] and used in the NIST coexistent tag allocation scheme without 

redefinition have the same meaning in the NIST PIV coexistent tag allocation scheme as they have in [1].

All unspecified values in the following identifier and value namespaces are reserved for future use: 

 algorithm identifiers 

 key reference values 

 cryptographic mechanism identifiers 

3.3 Data Objects 

A data object is an item of information seen on the card command interface for which are specified a 

name, a description of logical content, a format and a coding. Each data object has a globally unique 

name called its object identifier as defined in ISO/IEC 8824-2:2002, Information technology – Abstract 

Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Information object specification. [2] 

A data object whose data content is encoded as a BER-TLV data structure as in ISO/IEC 8825-1:2002, 

Information technology – ASN.1 encoding rules, [3] is called BER-TLV data object.

3.3.1 Data Object Content 

The content of a data object is the sequence of bytes that are said to be contained in or to be the value of

the data object. The number of bytes in this byte sequence is referred to as the length of the data content 

and also as the size of the data object. The first byte in the sequence is regarded as being at byte position

or offset zero in the content of the data object. 

The data content of a BER-TLV data object may consist of other BER-TLV data objects. In this case the 

tag of the data object indicates that data object is a constructed data object. A BER-TLV data object that 

is not a constructed data object is called a primitive data object. 

3.4 Card Applications 

Each command that appears on the card command interface shall be implemented by a card application

that is resident in the ICC. The card command enables one to perform operations on and with the data 

objects to which the card application has access. 

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Each card application shall have a globally unique name called its AID [1, Part 4]. Access to the card 

commands and data objects of a card application shall be gained by selecting the card application using its 

application identifier. The PIX of the AID shall contain an encoding of the version of the card 

application. 

The card application whose commands are currently being used is called the currently selected 

application. 

3.4.1 Personal Identity Verification Card Application 

The AID of the Personal Identity Verification card application (PIV Card Application) shall be: 

'A0 00 00 03 08 00 00 10 00 01 00’

The AID of the PIV Card Application consists of the NIST RID (‘A0 00 00 03 08’) followed by the 

application portion of the NIST PIX indicating the PIV Card Application (’00 00 10 00’) and then the 

version portion of the NIST PIX (’01 00’) for the first version of the PIV Card Application. All other PIX 

sequences on the NIST RID including the trailing five bytes PIV Card Application AID are reserved for 

future use. 

The PIV Card Application surfaces the card commands described in Section 7 on the card command 

interface. 

3.4.2 Default Selected Card Application 

The card platform shall support a default selected card application. In other words, there shall be a 

currently selected application immediately after a cold or warm reset. This card application is the default 

selected card application. 

Since the PIV Card Application can be selected by truncated AID, the selected card application may be 

the PIV Card Application or it may be another card application. 

3.5 Security Architecture 

The security architecture of an ICC is the means by which the security policies governing access to each 

data object stored on the card are represented within the card. 

The software in the ICC applies these security policy representations to all card commands thereby

ensuring that the prescribed data policies for the card applications are enforced. 

The following subsections describe the security architecture of the PIV Card Application. 

3.5.1 Access Control Rule 

An access control rule shall consist of an access mode and a security condition. The access mode is an 

operation that can be performed on a data object. A security condition is a Boolean expression using 

variables called security statuses that are defined below. 

According to an access control rule, the action described by the access mode can be performed on the data 

object if and only if the security condition evaluates to TRUE for the current values of the security

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statuses. If there is no access control rule with an access mode describing a particular action, then that 

action shall never be performed on the data object. 

3.5.2 Security Status 

Associated with each authenticatable entity shall be a set of one or more Boolean variables each called a 

security status indicator of the authenticatable entity. The security status indicator of an authenticatable 

entity shall be TRUE if the credentials associated with the security status indicator of the authenticatable 

entity have been authenticated and FALSE otherwise. 

The successful execution of an authentication protocol shall set the security status indicator associated 

with the credentials that were verified by the protocol to TRUE. 

As an example, the credentials associated with three security status indicators of the card holder might be: 

PIN, fingerprint, and voice biometric. Demonstration of knowledge of the PIN is the authentication 

protocol for the first security status indicator. Comparison of the fingerprint template on the card with a 

fingerprint acquired from the card holder is the authentication protocol for the second security status 

indicator. Acquisition of a voice sample and comparison with a voice template is the authentication 

protocol for the third. A security condition using these three security status indicators might be ((PIN 

AND fingerprint) OR (voice biometric)). 

A security status indicator shall be said to be a global security status indicator if it is not changed when 

the currently selected application changes from one application to another. 

A security status indicator is said to be an application security status indicator if it is set to FALSE when 

the currently selected application changes from one application to another. Every security status indicator 

is either a global security status indicator or an application security status indicator. 

The term global security status refers to the set of all global security status indicators. The term

application security status refers to the set of all application security status indicators for a specific 

application. 

3.5.3 Authentication of an Individual 

Knowledge of a PIN is one means by which an individual can be authenticated to the PIV Card 

Application. 

Personal identification numbers presented to the card command interface shall be 8 bytes long. If the 

actual PIN length is less than 8 bytes it shall be padded to 8 bytes with ‘FF’. The 'FF' padding bytes shall 

be appended to the actual PIN. The bytes comprising the PIN shall not include 'FF'. For example, 

 Actual PIN: “123456” or ‘31 32 33 34 35 36’ 

 Padded PIN presented to the card command interface: ‘31 32 33 34 35 36 FF FF’ 

3.6 Current State of the PIV Card Application 

The elements of the current state of the PIV Card Application when the PIV Card Application is the 

currently selected application are described in Table 5. 

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Table 5. State of the PIV Card Application 

State 

Name

Always

Defined Comment 

Location of 

State 

Global 

security status Yes Contains security status indicators that span all card applications on the platform. PIV Platform 

Currently

selected 

application 

Yes 

The platform shall support the selection of 

a card application using a possibly righttruncated application identifier and there 

shall always be a currently selected 

application. 

PIV Platform 

Application 

security status Yes Contains security status indicators local to the PIV Card Application. 

PIV Card 

Application 

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4. Part 3: End-Point Data Objects

4.1 PIV Card Application Data Objects 

A PIV Card Application shall contain six mandatory data objects and five optional data object for 

interoperable use. The six mandatory data objects for interoperable use are as follows: 

1. Card Capability Container 

2. Card Holder Unique Identifier 

3. X.509 Certificate for PIV Authentication 

4. Card Holder Fingerprint I 

5. Card Holder Fingerprint II2

6. Security Object 

The five optional data objects for interoperable use are as follows: 

1. Card Holder Facial Image

2. Printed Information 

3. X.509 Certificate for PIV Digital Signature 

4. X.509 Certificate for PIV Key Management 

5. X.509 Certificate for Card Authentication 

4.2 OIDs and Tags of PIV Card Application Data Objects 

Table 6 lists the ASN.1 object identifiers and BER-TLV tags of the eleven PIV Card Application data 

objects for interoperable use. For the purpose of constructing PIV Card Application data object names in 

the CardApplicationURL in CCC of the PIV Card Application, the NIST RID (‘A0 00 00 03 08’) shall be 

used and the card application type shall be set to ‘00’. The last byte of the three-byte BER-TLV tag is 

equivalent to a container ID for purposes of constructing the Security Object. Table 1 lists the access 

control rules of the eleven PIV Card Application data objects for interoperable use. See Table 12 for the 

key references and algorithms associated with these authenticatable entities. 

Table 6. Object Identifiers of the PIV Data Objects for Interoperable Use 

Data Object for Interoperable Use ASN.1 OID BER-TLV 

Tag 

M/O 

Card Capability Container 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.1.219.0 ‘5FC107’ M

Card Holder Unique Identifier 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.48.0 ‘5FC102’ M

X.509 Certificate for PIV Authentication 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.1.1 ‘5FC105’ M

Card Holder Fingerprints 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.96.16 ‘5FC103’ M

Printed Information 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.48.1 ‘5FC109’ O

Card Holder Facial Image 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.96.48 ‘5FC108’ O

X.509 Certificate for Digital Signature 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.1.0 ‘5FC10A’ O

X.509 Certificate for Key Management 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.1.2 ‘5FC10B’ O

X.509 Certificate for Card Authentication 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.5.0 ‘5FC101’ O

 2

 Note that both Card Holder Fingerprints will be recorded within one container on the PIV Card. 

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Data Object for Interoperable Use ASN.1 OID BER-TLV 

Tag 

M/O 

Security Object 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.144.0 ‘5FC106’ M

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5. Part 3: End-Point Data Types and Their Representations 

This section provides a description of each data type found on the PIV client-application programming 

and PIV Card Application command interfaces. Unless otherwise indicated the representation shall be the 

same on both interfaces. 

5.1 Algorithm Identifier 

An algorithm identifier shall be a one-byte identifier of a cryptographic algorithm together with a mode of 

operation and reference data length. Table 7 lists the algorithm identifiers for the cryptographic

algorithms that may be recognized on the PIV interfaces. All other algorithm identifier values are 

reserved for future use. 

Table 7. Cryptographic Algorithm Identifiers 

Algorithm 

Identifier Algorithm – Mode Reference DataLength M/O 

‘01’ 2 Key Triple DES – ECB 128 bits O 

‘02’ 2 Key Triple DES – CBC 128 bits O 

‘03’ 3 Key Triple DES – ECB 192 bits (including 

parity bits) 

M 

‘04’ 3 Key Triple DES – CBC 192 bits (including 

parity bits) 

M 

'05' RSA 3072 bits O

'06' RSA 1024 bits M

‘07’ RSA 2048 bits O

‘08’ AES-128 – ECB 24 bytes O 

‘09’ AES-128 – CBC 24 bytes O 

‘0A’ AES-192 – ECB 36 bytes O 

‘0B’ AES-192 – CBC 36 bytes O 

‘0C’ AES-256 – ECB 48 bytes O 

‘0D’ AES-256 – CBC 48 bytes O 

‘0E’ ECC: Curve P-224 224 bits O 

‘0F’ ECC: Curve K-233 233 bits O 

‘10’ ECC: Curve B-233 233 bits O 

‘11’ ECC: Curve P-256 256 bits O 

‘12’ ECC: Curve K-283 283 bits O 

‘13’ ECC: Curve B-283 283 bits O 

The default cryptographic algorithm for the PIV Card Application with algorithm identifier '00' is 3 Key

Triple DES – ECB. A technical note synchronizing SP 800-73 and the forthcoming SP 800-78, 

Cryptographic Algorithms and Key Sizes for Personal Identity Verification, on message padding will be 

issued in the future. 

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5.2 Application Property Template 

Upon selection, the PIV Card Application shall return the application property template described in 

Table 8. 

Table 8. Data Objects in the PIV Card Application Property Template (Tag '61') 

Description Tag M/O Comment 

Application identifier of application ‘4F’ M The PIX of the AID includes the encoding of 

the version of the PIV Card Application. 

Coexistent tag allocation authority ‘79’ M Coexistent tag allocation authority template. 

See Table 9. 

Application label ‘50’ O Text describing the application; e.g. for use on 

a man-machine interface. 

Uniform resource locator ‘5F50’ O Reference to the specification describing the 

application. 

Table 9. Data Objects in a Coexistent Tag Allocation Authority Template (Tag '79') 

Description Tag M/O Comment 

Application identifier ‘4F’ M 

NIST will post the PIV RID on 

http:///csrc.nist.gov/piv-project and will publish it in a 

technical note. 

5.3 Authenticator 

The authenticator BER-TLV used on the PIV client-application programming interface shall have the 

structure described in Table 10. 

Table 10. Data Objects in an Authenticator Template (Tag '67') 

Description Tag M/O Comment 

Reference data ‘81’ M E.g. the PIN value or challenge

response 

Key reference ‘83’ M See Table 12. 

5.4 Connection Description 

The connection description BER-TLV used on the PIV client-application programming interface shall 

have the structure described in Table 11. 

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Table 11. Data Objects in a Connection Description Template (Tag ‘7F21’) 

Description Tag M/O Comment 

Interface device – PC/SC ‘81’ C Card reader name 

Interface device – SCP ‘82’ C Card reader identifier on terminal equipment

Interface device – EMR ‘83’ C Contactless connection using radio transmission 

Interface device – IR ‘84’ C Contactless connection using infrared transmission 

Interface device – PKCS#11 '85' C PKCS#11 interface 

Interface device – CryptoAPI '86' C CryptoAPI interface 

Network node – Local ‘90’ C No network between client-application host and 

card reader host 

Network node – IP ‘91’ C IP address of card reader host 

Network node – DNS ‘92’ C Internet domain name of card reader host 

Network node – ISDN ‘93’ C ISDN dialing number string of terminal equipment 

containing the card reader 

At most one selection from the ‘8x’ series and one selection from the ‘9x’ series shall appear in the 

connection description template. 

For example, ’7F 21 0C 82 04 41 63 6D 65 91 04 81 06 0D 17’ describes a connection to a generic card 

reader at Internet address 129.6.13.23. As another example, ’7F 21 0B 82 01 00 93 06 16 17 12 34 56 7F’

describes a connection to the subscriber identity module in the mobile phone at +1 617 123 4567. 

When used as an argument to the pivConnect entry point on the PIV client-application programming 

described in Section 5.1.1, an ‘8x’ series data object with zero length together with a ‘9x’ series data 

object request the return of all available card readers of the described type on the described node. Thus, 

‘7F 21 04 81 00 90 00’ would requests a list of all available PC/SC card readers on the host on which the 

client-application was running. 

5.5 Key References 

A key reference is a 6-bit identifier of cryptographic material in the PIV Card Application used in a 

cryptographic protocol. When represented as a byte, the key reference occupies b8 and b5-b1 while b7 

and b6 shall be set to 0. If b8 is 0 then the key reference names global reference data. If b8 is 1 then the 

key reference names application-specific reference data. 

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Table 12 defines the key reference values that shall be used on the PIV interfaces. Key references are 

only assigned to private and secret (symmetric) keys. All other PIV Card Application key reference 

values are reserved for future use. 

Table 12. PIV Card Application Authentication Algorithms and Key References 

Algorithm 

Identifier 

Key

Reference 

Value 

Key

Reference 

Name

Authenticatable 

Entity

Security

Condition

for Use 

Retry

Reset 

Value 

Number of 

Unblocks 

N/A ‘00’ Global PIN Card Holder Always Platform 

Specific 

Platform 

Specific 

N/A ‘80’ Application 

PIN Card Holder Always

Issuer 

Specific 

Issuer 

Specific 

‘06’ ‘9A’

PIV 

Authentication 

Key

PIV Card 

Application 

Provider 

PIN N/A N/A

‘00’ ‘9B’

PIV Card 

Application 

Administration 

Key

PIV Card 

Application 

Administrator 

Always N/A N/A

‘06’ ‘9C’

PIV Card 

Application 

Digital

Signature Key 

PIV Card 

Application 

Administrator 

PIN / 

Always N/A N/A

‘06’ ‘9D’

PIV Card 

Application 

Key

Management 

Key

PIV Card 

Application 

Administrator 

PIN 

N/A N/A

The card holder global PIN may be referenced in PIV Card Application access control rules but its current 

status shall not be changed, its value shall not be changed nor shall its retry counter be reset while the PIV 

Card Application is the currently selected application. 

5.6 Status Words 

A status word shall be a 2-byte value returned by an entry point on the client-application programming 

interface or a card command at the card edge. The first byte of a status word is referred to as SW1 and 

the second byte of a status word is referred to as SW2. 

Recognized values of all SW1-SW2 pairs used as return values on both the client-application 

programming and card command interfaces and their interpretation are given in Table 13. The 

description of individual client-application programming interface entry points or card commands provide 

additional information for interpreting the status words they return. 

Table 13. Status Words 

 SW1 SW2 Meaning

'61' 'xx' Successful execution where SW2 encodes the number of response 

data bytes still available 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

 SW1 SW2 Meaning

‘62’ ‘82’ End of data encountered 

‘63’ ‘xx’ Warning; see entry point or command for specifics 

'63' 'CX' Verification failed, X indicates the number of further allowed retries or 

resets 

‘68’ ‘xx’ Communication error; see entry point or command for specifics 

‘69’ ‘82’ Security condition not satisfied

‘69’ ‘83’ Authentication method blocked 

‘69’ ‘85’ Condition of use not satisfied 

‘6A’ ‘80’ Incorrect parameter in command data field 

‘6A’ ‘81’ Function not supported 

'6A' '84' Not enough memory

‘6A’ ‘86’ Incorrect parameter in P1 or P2 

‘6A’ ‘88’ Referenced data or reference data not found

'90' '00' Successful execution

5.7 Object Identifiers 

Each of the data objects in the PIV Card Application has been provided with an ASN.1 OID from the 

NIST personal verification arc and a three-byte BER-TLV tag. These object identifier assignments are 

given in Table 6. 

A data object shall be identified on the PIV client-application programming interface using its OID. An 

object identifier on the PIV client-application programming interface shall be a dot delimited string of the 

integer components of the OID. For example, the representation of the OID of the CHUID on the PIV 

client-application programming interface is “2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.48.0”. 

A data object shall be identified on the PIV Card Application card command interface using its BER-TLV 

tag. For example, the CHUID is identified on the card command interface to the PIV Card Application by 

the three-byte identifier ‘5FC102’.

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6. Part 3: End-Point Client-Application Programming Interface 

Table 14 lists the entry points on the PIV client-application programming interface. 

Table 14. Entry Points on PIV Client-Application Programming Interface 

Type Name

pivConnect Entry Points for 

Communication pivDisconnect

pivSelectCardApplication 

pivLogIntoCardApplication 

pivGetData

Entry Points for 

Data Access 

pivLogoutOfCardApplication

Entry Points for 

Cryptographic 

Operations 

pivCrypt 

Entry pivPutData Points for 

Credential 

Initialization and 

Administration pivGenerateKeyPair 

6.1 Entry Points for Communication 

6.1.1 pivConnect 

Purpose: Connects the client-application programming interface and hence the client 

application itself to the PIV Card Application on a specific ICC. 

Prototype: status_word pivConnect( 

IN Boolean sharedConnection,

INOUT sequence of bytes connectionDescription, 

OUT handle cardHandle

); 

Parameters: sharedConnection If TRUE other client-applications can establish 

concurrent connections to the ICC. If FALSE and the 

connection is established then the calling clientapplication has exclusive access to the ICC. 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

connectionDescription A connection description data object (tag ‘7F 

21’). See Table 11. 

 If the length of the value field of the ‘8x’ data object in 

the connection description data object is zero then a list 

of the card readers of the type indicated by the tag of the 

‘8x’ series data object and available at the ‘9x’ location 

is returned in the connectionDescription. 

cardHandle The returned opaque identifier of a communication 

channel to a particular ICC and hence of the card itself. 

cardHandle is used in all other entry points on the PIV 

client-application programming interface to identify

which card the functionality of the entry point is to be

applied. 

Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_CONNECTION_DESCRIPTION_MALFORMED 

 PIV_CONNECTION_FAILURE 

 PIV_CONNECTION_LOCKED 

6.1.2 pivDisconnect 

Purpose: Disconnect the PIV application programming interface from the PIV Card 

Application and the ICC containing the PIV Card Application. 

Prototype: status_word pivDisconnect( 

IN handle cardHandle

); 

Parameters: cardHandle Opaque identifier of the card to be acted upon as 

returned by pivConnect. The value of cardHandle is 

undefined upon return from pivDisconnect.

Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_INVALID_CARD_HANDLE 

 PIV_CARD_READER_ERROR 

6.2 Entry Points for Data Access 

6.2.1 pivSelectCardApplication 

Purpose: Set the currently selected card application. 

Prototype: status_word pivSelectCardApplication( 

IN handle cardHandle, 

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IN sequence of byte applicationAID, 

OUT sequence of byte applicationProperties

); 

Parameters: cardHandle Opaque identifier of the card to be acted upon as 

returned by pivConnect. 

 applicationAID The AID of the card application that is to 

become the currently selected card application. 

 applicationProperties The application properties of the selected card 

application. See Table 8. 

Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_INVALID_CARD_HANDLE 

 PIV_CARD_APPLICATION_NOT_FOUND 

 PIV_CARD_READER_ERROR 

6.2.2 pivLogIntoCardApplication 

Purpose: Establishes application security status within the PIV Card Application. 

Prototype: status_word pivLogIntoCardApplication( 

IN handle cardHandle, 

IN sequence of byte authenticators, 

); 

Parameters: cardHandle Opaque identifier of the card to be acted upon as 

returned by pivConnect. 

authenticators A sequence of zero or more BER-TLV encoded 

authenticators to be used to authenticate the clientapplication to the card application and hence in 

establishing the initial security status in the card 

application context. 

Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_INVALID_CARD_HANDLE 

 PIV_AUTHENTICATOR_MALFORMED 

 PIV_AUTHENTICATION_FAILURE 

 PIV_CARD_READER_ERROR 

6.2.3 pivGetData

Purpose: Return the entire data content of the named data object. 

Prototype: status_word pivGetData( 

IN handle cardHandle, 

IN string OID, 

OUT sequence of byte data

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); 

Parameters: cardHandle Opaque identifier of the card to be acted upon as 

returned by pivConnect. 

OID Object identifier of the object whose data content is to be 

retrieved coded as a string; for example, 

“2.16.840.1.101.3.7.1.1.2.2.1” 

data Retrieved data content. 

Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_INVALID_CARD_HANDLE 

 PIV_INVALID_OID 

 PIV_DATA_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND 

 PIV_SECURITY_CONDITIONS_NOT_SATISFIED 

 PIV_CARD_READER_ERROR 

6.2.4 pivLogoutOfCardApplication 

Purpose: Reset the application security status of the PIV Card Application. The currently 

selected application after successful return from this entry point is platformdependent. 

Prototype: status_word pivLogOutOfCardApplication( 

IN handle cardHandle

); 

Parameters: cardHandle Opaque identifier of the card to be acted upon as 

returned by pivConnect. The cardHandle remains valid 

after execution of this function.

Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_INVALID_CARD_HANDLE 

 PIV_CARD_READER_ERROR 

6.3 Entry Points for Cryptographic Operations 

6.3.1 pivCrypt 

Purpose: Perform a cryptographic operation such as encryption or signing on a sequence of

bytes. 

Prototype: status_word pivCrypt( 

IN handle cardHandle, 

IN byte algorithmIdentifier,

IN byte keyReference,

IN sequence of byte algorithmInput,

OUT sequence of byte algorithmOutput

); 

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Parameters: cardHandle Opaque identifier of the card to be acted upon as 

returned by pivConnect. 

 algorithmIdentifier Identifier of the cryptographic algorithm to be used for 

the cryptographic operation. See Table 7. 

 keyReference Identifier of the on-card key to be used for the 

cryptographic operation. See Table 12. 

 algorithmInput Sequence of bytes used as the input to the cryptographic 

operation. 

algorithmOutput Sequence of bytes output by the cryptographic operation. 

Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_INVALID_CARD_HANDLE 

 PIV_INVALID_KEYREF_OR_ALGORITHM 

 PIV_SECURITY_CONDITIONS_NOT_SATISFIED 

 PIV_INPUT_BYTES_MALFORMED 

 PIV_CARD_READER_ERROR 

The PIV_INPUT_BYTES_MALFORMED error condition indicates that some property of the data to be 

processed such as the length or padding was inappropriate for the requested cryptographic algorithm or 

key.

6.4 Entry Points for Credential Initialization and Administration 

6.4.1 pivPutData

Purpose: Replace the entire data content of the named data object with the provided data. 

Prototype: status_word pivPutData( 

IN handle cardHandle, 

IN string OID, 

IN sequence of byte data

); 

Parameters: cardHandle Opaque identifier of the card to be acted upon as 

returned by pivConnect. 

OID Object identifier of the object whose data content is to be 

replaced coded as a string; for example, 

“2.16.840.1.101.3.7.1.1.2.2.1” 

data Data to be used to replace in its entirety the data content 

of the named data object. 

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Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_INVALID_CARD_HANDLE 

 PIV_INVALID_OID 

 PIV_DATA_OBJECT_NOT_FOUND 

 PIV_INSUFFICIENT_CARD_RESOURCE 

 PIV_CARD_READER_ERROR 

 PIV_SECURITY_CONDITIONS_NOT_SATISFIED 

6.4.2 pivGenerateKeyPair 

Purpose: Generates an asymmetric key pair in the currently selected application. 

If the provided key reference exists and the cryptographic mechanism associated with 

the reference data identified by this key reference is the same as the provided 

cryptographic mechanism, then the generated key pair replaces in entirety the key

pair currently associated with the key reference. 

Prototype: status_word pivGenerateKeyPair( 

IN handle cardHandle, 

IN byte keyReference, 

IN byte cryptographicMechanism, 

OUT sequence of byte publicKey

); 

Parameters: cardHandle Opaque identifier of the card to be acted upon as 

returned by pivConnect. 

 keyReference The key reference of the generated key pair. 

 cryptographicMechanism The type of key pair to be generated. See Table 

 20. 

 publicKey BER-TLV data objects defining the public key of the 

generated key pair. See Table 21. 

Return Codes: PIV_OK 

 PIV_INVALID_CARD_HANDLE 

 PIV_SECURITY_CONDITIONS_NOT_SATISFIED 

 PIV_INVALID_KEY_OR_KEYALG_COMBINATION 

 PIV_UNSUPPORTED_CRYPTOGRAPHIC_MECHANISM 

 PIV_CARD_READER_ERROR 

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7. Part 3: End-Point PIV Card Application Card Command Interface 

The Table 15 lists the card commands surfaced by the PIV Card Application at the card edge of the ICC 

containing it. All PIV Card Application card commands shall be supported by a PIV Card Application. 

Card commands indicated with a 'Yes' in the Command Chaining column shall support command 

chaining for transmitting a data string too long for a single command as defined in ISO/IEC 7816-4 [1].

Table 15. PIV Card Application Card Commands

Type Name

Contact

Interface 

Contactless 

Interface 

Security Condition

for Use 

Command 

Chaining 

PIV Card SELECT Yes Yes Always No 

Application Card

Commands for

Data Access GET DATA Yes Yes

Data Dependent. See 

Table 1. 

No 

VERIFY Yes No Always No 

CHANGE 

REFERENCE DATA Yes No Application PIN No 

RESET RETRY 

COUNTER Yes No PIN Unblocking Key No 

PIV Card 

Application Card

Commands for

Authentication

GENERAL 

AUTHENTICATE Yes Yes (See 

Note) Key Dependent. Yes 

PUT DATA Yes No PIV Card Application 

Administrator 

PIV Card Yes 

Application Card

Commands for

Credential 

Initialization and 

Administration

GENERATE 

ASYMMETRIC KEY 

PAIR

Yes No PIV Card Application 

Administrator 

Yes 

The PIV Card Application shall return the status word of ‘6A81’ (Function not supported) when it 

receives a card command on the contactless interface marked “No” in the Contactless Interface column in 

Table 15. 

Note: Cryptographic protocols using asymmetric keys that require PIN shall not be used on the 

contactless interface. 

7.1 PIV Card Application Card Commands for Data Access 

7.1.1 SELECT Card Command 

The SELECT card command sets the currently selected application. The PIV Card Application shall be 

selected by providing its application identifier 

'A0 00 00 03 08 00 00 10 00 vv vv’

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in the data field of the SELECT command where 'vv vv' is the version of the PIV Card Application to be 

made the currently selected application. The AID of the initial version of the PIV Card Application is 

'A0 00 00 03 08 00 00 10 00 01 00’

There shall be at most one PIV Card Application on any ICC. The PIV Card Application can also be 

made the currently selected application by providing the right-truncated version; that is, without the twobyte version number, 'vv vv'; in the data field of the SELECT command 

'A0 00 00 03 08 00 00 10 00’ 

The complete AID, including the two-byte version, of the PIV Card Application that became the currently

selected application upon successful execution of the SELECT command shall be returned in the 

application property template. 

If the currently selected application is the PIV Card Application when the SELECT APPLICATION 

command is given and the AID in the data field of the SELECT APPLICATION is either the AID of the 

PIV Card Application or the right-truncated version thereof, then the PIV Card Application shall continue 

to be the currently selected application and the setting of all security status indicators in the PIV Card 

Application shall be unchanged. 

If the currently selected application is the PIV Card Application when the SELECT APPLICATION 

command is given and the AID in the data field of the SELECT APPLICATION is neither the AID of the 

PIV Card Application or the right-truncated version thereof, then the PIV Card Application shall be 

deselected and all PIV Card Application security status indicators shall be set to FALSE. 

Command Syntax 

CLA '00'

INS 'A4'

P1 '04'

P2 ‘00’ 

Lc Length of application identifier

Data Field Application identifier of the PIV Card Application, possibly righttruncated 

Le Length of application property template 

Response Syntax 

Data Field Application property template

SW1-SW2 Status word 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

'6A' '82' Application not found 

'90' '00' Successful execution

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7.1.2 GET DATA Card Command 

The GET DATA card command retrieves the data content of the single data object whose tag is given in

the data field. 

Command Syntax 

CLA ‘00’ 

INS ‘CB’ 

P1 ‘3F’ 

P2 ‘FF’ 

Lc ‘05’ 

Data Field See Table 16. 

Le Number of data content bytes to be retrieved.

Table 16. Data Objects in the Data Field of the GET DATA Card Command

Name Tag M/O Comment 

Tag list '5C' M 

BER-TLV tag of the data 

object to be retrieved. See 

Table 6. 

Response Syntax 

Data Field BER-TLV with the tag '53' containing in the value field the requested 

data object. 

SW1-SW2 Status word 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

'61' 'xx' Successful execution where SW2 encodes the number of response 

data bytes still available 

‘69’ ‘82’ Security status not satisfied 

'6A' '82' Data object not found 

'90' '00' Successful execution

7.2 PIV Card Application Card Commands for Authentication 

7.2.1 VERIFY Card Command 

The VERIFY card command initiates the comparison in the card of the reference data indicated by the 

key reference with authentication data in the data field of the command. 

Only key references specific to the PIV Card Application; i.e. local key references, shall be verified by 

the PIV Card Application VERIFY command. 

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If the current value of the retry counter associated with the key reference is zero, then the comparison 

shall not be made and the PIV Card Application shall return the status word '69 83'. 

If the reference data in the command data field does not satisfy the criteria in Section 3.5.3, the PIV Card 

Application shall return the status word '6A 80'. 

If the card command succeeds, then the security status of the key reference shall be set to TRUE and the 

retry counter associated with the key reference shall be set to the reset retry value associated with the key

reference. 

If the card command fails, then the security status of the key reference shall be set to FALSE and the retry

counter associated with the key reference shall be decremented by one. 

The initial value of the retry counter and reset retry value associated with the key reference; i.e. the 

number of successive failures (retries) before the retry counter associated with the key reference reaches 

zero, is issuer dependent. 

Command Syntax 

CLA '00'

INS '20'

P1 '00'

P2 Key reference. See Table 12. 

Lc ‘08’ 

Data Field PIN reference data as described in 3.5.3 

Le Empty

Response Syntax 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

'63' 'CX' Verification failed, X indicates the number of further allowed retries 

‘69’ ‘83’ Authentication method blocked 

‘6A’ ‘80’ Incorrect parameter in command data field 

'6A' '88' Key reference not found 

'90' '00' Successful execution

 

7.2.2 CHANGE REFERENCE DATA Card Command 

The CHANGE REFERENCE DATA card command initiates the comparison of the verification data with 

the current value of the reference data and if this comparison is successful replaces the reference data with 

new reference data. Only reference data associated with key references specific to the PIV Card 

Application can be changed by this PIV Card Application command. 

Only reference data associated with key references specific to the PIV Card Application; i.e. local key

references, shall be changed by the PIV Card Application CHANGE REFERENCE DATA command. 

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If the current value of the retry counter associated with the key reference is zero, then the reference data 

associated with the key reference shall not be changed and the PIV Card Application shall the status word 

'69 83'. 

If the card command succeeds, then the security status of the key reference shall be set to TRUE and the 

retry counter associated with the key reference shall be set to the reset retry value associated with the key

reference. 

If the card command fails, then the security status of the key reference shall be set to FALSE and the retry

counter associated with the key reference shall be decremented by one. 

The initial value of the retry counter and the reset retry value associated with the key reference; i.e. the 

number of successive failures (retries) before the retry counter associated with the key reference reaches 

zero, is issuer dependent. 

If the either the current reference data or the new reference data in the command field of the command 

does not satisfy the criteria in Section 3.5.3, the PIV Card Application shall not change the reference data 

associated with the key reference and shall return the status word '6A 80'. 

Command Syntax 

CLA '00'

INS '24'

P1 '00'

P2 Key reference. See Table 12. 

Lc ‘10’ 

Data Field Current PIN reference data concatenated without delimitation with the 

new PIN reference data, both PINs as described in 3.5.3 

Le Empty

Response Syntax 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

'63' 'CX' Verification failed, X indicates the number of further allowed retries or 

resets 

‘69’ ‘83’ Authentication method blocked 

‘6A’ ‘80’ Incorrect parameter in command data field 

'6A' '88' Key reference not found 

'90' '00' Successful execution

7.2.3 RESET RETRY COUNTER Card Command 

The RESET RETRY COUNTER card command resets the retry counter of the key reference to its initial 

value and changes the reference data associated with the key reference. The command enables recovery of 

the PIN card application in the case that the cardholder has forgotten a PIV Card Application PIN. 

Only retry counters associated with key references specific to the PIV Card Application; i.e. local key

references, shall be reset by the PIV Card Application RESET RETRY COUNTER command. 

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If the current value of the reset counter associated with the key reference is zero, then retry counter 

associated with the key reference shall not be reset and the PIV Card Application shall the status word '69 

83'. 

If the card command succeeds, then the retry counter associated with the key reference shall be set to the 

reset retry value associated with the key reference. Neither the security status of the key reference or the 

reset counter shall be changed. 

If the card command fails, then the security status of the key reference shall be set to FALSE and the reset 

counter associated with the key reference shall be decremented by one. 

The initial reset counter associated with the key reference; i.e. the number of failures of the RESET 

RETRY COUNTER command before the reset counter associated with the key reference reaches zero, is 

issuer dependent. 

If the either the reset retry counter reference data (PUK) or the new reference data (PIN) in the command 

field of the command does not satisfy the criteria in Section 3.5.3, the PIV Card Application shall not 

reset the retry counter associated with the key reference and shall return the status word '6A 80'. 

Command Syntax 

CLA '00'

INS '2C' 

P1 '00'

P2 Key reference. See Table 12. 

Lc ‘10’ 

Data Field 

Reset retry counter reference data (PUK) concatenated without 

delimitation with the new reference data (PIN), both PUK and PIN as 

described in 3.5.3 

Le Empty

Response Syntax 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

'63' 'CX' Verification failed, X indicates the number of further allowed retries 

‘69’ ‘83’ Authentication method blocked 

‘6A’ ‘80’ Incorrect parameter in command data field 

'6A' '88' Key reference not found 

'90' '00' Successful execution

 

7.2.4 GENERAL AUTHENTICATE Card Command 

The GENERAL AUTHENTICATE card command performs a cryptographic operation such as an 

authentication protocol using the data provided in the data field of the command and returns the result of 

the cryptographic operation in the response data field. 

The GENERAL AUTHENTICATE command shall be used to authenticate the card or a card application 

to the client-application (INTERNAL AUTHENTICATE), to authenticate an entity to the card 

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(EXTERNAL AUTHENTICATE), and to perform a mutual authentication between the card and an entity 

external to the card (MUTUAL AUTHENTICATE).

The GENERAL AUTHENTICATE command shall be used to realize the signing functionality on the 

PIV client-application programming interface. Data sent to the card is expected to be hashed off-card. 

The GENERAL AUTHENTICATE command supports command chaining to permit the uninterrupted 

transmission of long command data fields to the PIV Card Application. If a card command other than the 

GENERAL AUTHENTICATICATE command is received by the PIV Card Application before the 

termination of a GENERAL AUTHENTICATE chain, the PIV Card Application shall rollback to the 

state it was in immediately prior to the reception of the first command in the interrupted chain. In other 

words, an interrupted GENERAL AUTHENTICATE chain has no effect on the PIV Card Application. 

Command Syntax 

CLA ‘00’ or '10' indicating command chaining. 

INS '87'

P1 Algorithm reference 

P2 Key reference 

Lc Length of data field 

Data Field See Table 17. 

Le Absent or length of expected response 

Table 17. Data Objects in the Dynamic Authentication Template (Tag ‘7C’) 

Name Tag M/O Description 

Witness ‘80’ C Demonstration of knowledge of a fact without revealing 

the fact. An empty witness is a request for a witness. 

Challenge ‘81’ C One or more random numbers or byte sequences to be 

used in the authentication protocol. 

Response ‘82’ C A sequence of bytes encoding a response step in an

authentication protocol. 

Committed 

challenge 

‘83’ C Hash-code of a large random number including one or 

more challenges 

Authentication code ‘84’ C Hash-code of one or more data fields and a witness data 

object. 

The data objects that appear in the dynamic authentication template (tag ‘7C’) in the data field of the 

GENERAL AUTHENTICATE card command depend on the authentication protocol being executed. 

Response Syntax 

Data Field Absent or authentication-related data 

SW1-SW2 Status word 

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SW1 SW2 Meaning

'61' 'xx' Successful execution where SW2 encodes the number of response 

data bytes still available 

’69’ ‘82’ Security status not satisfied 

‘6A’ ‘80’ Incorrect parameter in command data field 

'6A' '86' Incorrect parameter in P1 or P2 

'90' '00' Successful execution

7.3 PIV Card Application Card Commands for Credential Initialization and 

Administration 

7.3.1 PUT DATA Card Command 

The PUT DATA card command completely replaces the data content of a single data object in the PIV 

Card Application with new content. 

Command Syntax 

CLA '00' or '10' indicating command chaining. 

INS 'DB' 

P1 ‘3F' 

P2 ‘FF’ 

Lc Length of data field 

Data Field See Table 18. 

Le Empty

Table 18. Data Objects in the Data Field of the PUT DATA Card Command

Name Tag M/O Description 

Tag list '5C' M Tag of the data object whose data content is 

to be replaced. See Table 6. 

Data ‘53’ M Data with tag ‘53’ as an unstructured byte 

sequence. 

Response Syntax 

Data Field Absent or authentication-related data 

SW1-SW2 Status word 

SW1 SW2 Meaning

'69' '82' Security status not satisfied 

'6A' '84' Not enough memory

'90' '00' Successful execution

 

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7.3.2 GENERATE ASYMMETRIC KEY PAIR Card Command 

The GENERATE ASYMMETRIC KEY PAIR card command initiates the generation and storing in the 

card of the reference data of an asymmetric key pair, i.e., a public key and a private key. The public key 

of the generated key pair is returned as the response to the command. If there is reference data currently

associated with the key reference, it is replaced in full by the generated data. 

Command Syntax 

CLA ‘00’ or '10' indicating command chaining. 

INS '47'

P1 ‘00’ 

P2 Non-zero key reference to be assigned to the generated asymmetric 

key pair. 

Lc Length of data field 

Data Field Control reference template. See Table 19. 

Le Length of public key of data object template 

Table 19. Data Objects in the Template (Tag ‘AC’) 

Name Tag M/O Description 

Cryptographic mechanism identifier '80' M See Table 20. 

Parameter '81' C Specific to the cryptographic 

mechanism 

Table 20. Cryptographic Mechanism Identifiers 

Cryptographic

Mechanism 

Identifier 

Description M/O Parameter 

'00'-’04’ RFU

'06' RSA 1024

M 

Optional public

exponent encoded 

big-endian 

'07’ RSA 2048

O 

Optional public

exponent encoded 

big-endian 

'05' RSA 3072

O 

Optional public

exponent encoded 

big-endian 

‘08’-‘0D’ RFU

'0E' ECC: Curve P-224 O None

'0F' ECC: Curve K-233 O None

'10' ECC: Curve B-233 O None

'11' ECC: Curve P-256 O None

'12' ECC: Curve K-283 O None

'13' ECC: Curve P-283 O None

All other cryptographic mechanism identifier values are reserved for future use. 

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Response Syntax 

Data Field Data objects of public key of generated key pair. See Table 21. 

SW1-SW2 Status word 

Table 21. Data Objects in the Template (Tag ‘7F49’) 

Name Tag 

Public key data objects for RSA

Modulus '81'

Public exponent '82'

Public key data objects for ECDSA

Prime '81'

First coefficient '82'

Second coefficient '83'

Generator '84'

Order '85'

Point '86'

SW1 SW2 Meaning

'61' 'xx' Successful execution where SW2 encodes the number of response 

data bytes still available 

'69' '82' Security status not satisfied 

'6A' '80' Incorrect parameter in command data field; e.g. unrecognized 

cryptographic mechanism 

'6A' '86'

Incorrect parameter P2; cryptographic mechanism of reference data 

to be generated different than cryptographic mechanism of reference 

data of given key reference 

'90' '00' Successful execution

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Appendix A—PIV Data Model

The PIV data model number is 0x10, and the data model version number is 0x01.

The SP800-73 Part 3 specification does not provide mechanisms to read partial contents of a PIV 

container. Individual access to the TLV elements within a container is not supported. Part 3 compliant 

cards shall return all the TLV elements of a container in the physical order listed for that container in this 

data model. 

Both single-chip/dual-interface and dual-chip implementations shall be feasible. In the single-chip/dualinterface configuration, the PIV Card Application shall be provided the information regarding which 

interface is in use. In the dual-chip configuration, a separate PIV Card Application shall be loaded on 

each chip. 

Buffer Description Container

ID 

Maximum 

Length (Bytes) Access Rule Contact/Contactless M/O 

Card Capabilities Container 0xDB00 266 Always Read Contact M 

Card Holder Unique 

Identifier 

0x3000 3377 Always Read Contact and 

Contactless 

M 

X.509 Certificate for PIV 

Authentication 

0x0101 1651 PIN Contact M

Card Holder Fingerprints 0x6010 7768 PIN Contact M 

Printed Information 0x3001 106 PIN Contact O 

Card Holder Facial Image 0x6030 12704 PIN Contact O 

X.509 Certificate for Digital 

Signature 

0x0100 1651 PIN Always Contact O

X.509 Certificate for Key

Management 

0x0102 1651 PIN Contact O

X.509 Certificate for Card 

Authentication 

0x0500 1651 Always Contact and 

Contactless 

O 

Security Object 0x9000 1000 Always Read Contact M 

Note that all data elements in the following tables are mandatory unless specified as optional. 

Card Capabilities Container 0xDB00 Always Read 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Card Identifier 0xF0 Fixed 21 

Capability Container version number 0xF1 Fixed 1 

Capability Grammar version number 0xF2 Fixed 1 

Applications CardURL 0xF3 Variable 128 

PKCS#15 0xF4 Fixed 1

Registered Data Model number 0xF5 Fixed 1 

Access Control Rule Table 0xF6 Fixed 17 

CARD APDUs 0xF7 Fixed 0 

Redirection Tag 0xFA Fixed 0 

Capability Tuples (CTs) 0xFB Fixed 0 

Status Tuples (STs) 0xFC Fixed 0 

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Card Capabilities Container 0xDB00 Always Read 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Next CCC 0xFD Fixed 0 

Extended Application CardURL (optional) 0xE3 Fixed 48 

Security Object Buffer (optional) 0xB4 Fixed 48 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

Card Holder Unique Identifier 0x3000 Always Read 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

FASC-N 0x30 Fixed Text 25

GUID 0x34 Fixed Numeric 16

Expiration Date 0x35 Date (YYYYMMDD) 8 

Authentication Key Map (Optional) 0x3D Variable 512 

Issuer Asymmetric Signature 0x3E Variable 2816 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

X.509 Certificate for PIV Authentication 0x0101 pkiCompute -PIN 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Certificate 0x70 Variable 1856

CertInfo 0x71 Fixed 1

MSCUID (Optional) 0x72 Variable 38 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

Card Holder Fingerprints 0x6010 PIN 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Fingerprint I 0xBC Variable 2000 

Fingerprint II 0xBD Variable 2000 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

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Printed Information 0x3001 PIN 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Name 0x01 Fixed Text 32

Employee Affiliation line 1 0x02 Fixed Text 20 

Employee Affiliation line 2 0x03 Fixed Text 20 

Expiration date 0x04 Fixed Text 9 

Agency Card Serial Number 0x05 Fixed Text 10 

Issuer Identification 0x06 Fixed Text 15

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

Card Holder Facial Image 0x6030 PIN 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Image for Visual Verification 0xBC Variable 12704 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

X.509 Certificate for Digital Signature 0x0100 pkiCompute -PIN Always 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Certificate 0x70 Variable 1856

CertiInfo 0x71 Fixed 1

MSCUID (Optional) 0x72 Variable 38 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

X.509 Certificate for Key Management 0x0102 pkiCompute – PIN 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Certificate 0x70 Variable 1856

CertiInfo 0x71 Fixed 1

MSCUID (Optional) 0x72 Variable 38 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

X.509 Certificate for Card Authentication 0x0500 Asymmetric – pkiCompute -

Always

Symmetric – See CCC / CHUID 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Certificate 0x70 Variable 1856

CertiInfo 0x71 Fixed 1

MSCUID (Optional) 0x72 Variable 38 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

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Security Object 0x9000 Always Read 

Data Element (TLV) Tag Type Max. Bytes 

Mapping of DG to ContainerID 0xBA Variable 100 

Security Object 0xBB Variable 900 

Error Detection Code 0xFE LRC 0 

The CertInfo byte in certificates identified above shall be encoded as follows: 

CertInfo::= BIT STRING { 

CompressionTypeMsb(0), // 0 = no compression and 1 = gzip compression. 

 CompressionTypeLsb(1), // shall be set to ‘0’ for PIV Applications 

IsX509(2), // shall be set to ‘0’ for PIV Applications 

 RFU3(3),

 RFU4(4),

 RFU5(5),

 RFU6(6),

 RFU7(7)

 }

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Appendix B—Examples of the Use of GENERAL AUTHENTICATE 

B.1 Authentication of the PIV Card Application Administrator 

The PIV Card Application Administrator is authenticated by the PIV Card Application using a

challenge/response protocol. A challenge retrieved from the PIV Card Application is encrypted by the 

client-application and returned to the PIV Card Application associated with key reference ‘9B’, the key

reference to the PIV Card Application Administration Key. The PIV Card Application decrypts the 

response using this reference data and the algorithm associated with the key reference; that is 3 Key

Triple DES – ECB (algorithm identifier ‘00’). If this decrypted value matches the previously provided

challenge, then the security status indicator of the PIV Card Application Administrator is set to TRUE 

within the PIV Card Application. 

Table 22 shows the GENERAL AUTHENTICATE card commands sent to the PIV Card Application to 

realize this particular challenge/response protocol. 

Table 22. Authentication of PIV Card Application Administrator 

Command Response Comment 

’00 87 00 00 04 7C 02 81

00’ 

Client-application requests a 

challenge from the PIV Card 

Application 

‘7C 0A 81 08 01 02 03 04

05 06 07 08’ 

Challenge returned to clientapplication by the PIV Card 

Application 

’00 87 00 9B 0C 7C 0A 82 

08 88 77 66 55 44 33 22 

11’ 

Client-application returns the 

encryption of the challenge (’88 

77 66 55 44 33 22 11’) 

referencing algorithm ‘00’ and 

key reference ‘9B’. See Tables 7 

and 12. 

‘9000’ PIV Card Application indicates 

successful authentication of PIV 

Card Application Administrator 

after decrypting ’88 77 66 55 44

33 22 11’ using the referenced 

algorithm and key and getting 

’01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08’ 

B.2 Validation of the PIV Card Application 

The PIV Card Application is validated by first retrieving the X.509 Certificate of the PIV Authentication 

Key (OID 2.16.840.1.101.3.7.2.1.1) and verifying the signature on this certificate. Assuming the 

certificate is valid and current, the client-application requests the PIV Card Application to encrypt a 

challenge using the private key associated with this certificate; i.e. key reference ‘9A’, algorithm

identifier ’06’. The response is decrypted using the public key in the certificate. If the decrypted 

response matches the challenge, then the PIV Card Application is validated. 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

Table 23 shows the GENERAL AUTHENTICATE card commands sent to the PIV Card Application to 

realize the validation of the PIV Card Application. 

Table 23. Validation of the PIV Card Application Using GENERAL AUTHENTICATE 

Command Response Comment 

’00 87 06 9A 0E 7C 0C 82 00 81

08 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08’ 

Client-application sends a 

challenge to the PIV Card 

Application indicating the 

reference data associated with 

key reference ‘9A’ is to be used 

with algorithm ‘06’. See Tables 

7 and 12. 

‘7C 0A 82 08 88 77 66 55 44 33

22 11’ 

PIV Card Application returns the 

encryption of the challenge (’88 

77 66 55 44 33 22 11’) using the 

indicated key reference data and 

algorithm.

The same use of GENERAL AUTHENTICATE can be used to achieve a signing of a byte sequence such 

as a hash by the PIV Card Application. One need only indicate which algorithm and which key are to be 

used by setting values of the P1 and P2 parameters respectively.

Note that for exposition purposes this example uses only a 8-byte challenge and response with a 1024-bit 

RSA key. In actual usage a challenge and response more appropriate for this cryptographic algorithm

would be used. 

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Appendix C—PIV Authentication Use Cases

To provide guidance on the usage and behavior supported by the PIV Card, PIV authentication use cases 

and application scenarios are described in this section. FIPS 201 describes PIV authentication as the 

“process of establishing confidence in the identity of the cardholder presenting a PIV Card.” The 

fundamental goal of using the PIV Card is to authenticate the identity of the cardholder to a system or 

person that is controlling access to a protected resource or facility. This end goal may be reached by

various combinations of one or more of the validation steps described below: 

+ Card Validation (CardV) — This is the process of verifying that a PIV Card is authentic (i.e., not 

a counterfeit card) and has not been subjected to tampering or alteration. Card validation 

mechanisms include: 

 Visual inspection of the tamper-proofing and tamper-resistant features of the PIV Card as 

per Section 4.1.2 of FIPS 201, 

 Use of cryptographic challenge-response schemes with symmetric keys, 

 Use of asymmetric authentication schemes to validate private keys embedded within the 

PIV Card. 

+ Credential Validation (CredV) — This is the process of verifying the various types of credentials 

(such as visual credentials, CHUID, biometrics, PIV keys and certificates) held by the PIV Card. 

Credential validation mechanisms include: 

 Visual inspection of PIV Card visual elements (such as the photo, the printed name, and 

rank, if present), 

 Verification of certificates on the PIV Card, 

 Verification of signatures on the PIV biometrics and the CHUID, 

 Checking the expiration date, 

 Checking the revocation status of the credentials on the PIV Card. 

+ Cardholder Validation (HolderV) — This is the process of establishing that the PIV Card is in the 

possession of the individual who is the legitimate owner of the card. Classically, identity 

authentication is achieved using one or more of these factors: a) something you have, b) 

something you know, and c) something you are. The assurance of the authentication process 

increases with the number of factors used. In the case of the PIV Card, these three factors 

translate as follows: a) something you have – possession of a PIV Card, b) something you know – 

knowledge of the PIN, and c) something you are – the visual characteristics of the cardholder, and 

the live fingerprint samples provided by the cardholder. Thus, mechanisms for PIV cardholder 

validation include: 

 Presentation of a PIV Card by the cardholder, 

 Matching the visual characteristics of the cardholder with the photo on the PIV Card, 

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Special Publication 800-73-1 Interfaces for Personal Identity Verification

 Matching the PIN provided with the PIN on the PIV Card, 

 Matching the live fingerprint samples provided by the cardholder, with the biometric 

information embedded within the PIV Card. 

C.1 Use Case Diagrams 

This section describes the activities and interactions involved in interoperable usage and authentication of 

the PIV Card. The use cases represent how a relying party will authenticate the cardholder (regardless of 

which agency issued the card) in order to provide access to its systems or facilities. These activities and 

interactions are represented in functional use case diagrams. These diagrams are not intended to provide 

syntactical commands or API function names. 

Each of the PIV authentication mechanisms described in this section can be broken into a sequence of one 

or more validation steps where Card, Credential, and Cardholder validation is performed. In the use case 

illustrations, the validation steps are marked as CardV, CredV and HolderV to signify Card, Credential 

and Cardholder validation respectively.

Depending upon the assurance provided by the actual sequence of validation steps in a given PIV 

authentication mechanism, relying parties can make appropriate decisions for granting access to protected 

resources based on a risk analysis. 

C.1.1 Authentication using PIV Visual Credentials 

This is the use case where a human guard authenticates the cardholder using the visual credentials held by

the PIV Card, and is illustrated in Figure C-1. 

REJECT

REJECT

REJECT CARDHOLDER 

AUTHENTICATED

No Yes

Human Guard PIV Application API PIV Card Edge

COUNTERFEIT,

TAMPER

AND FORGERY 

CHECK (CardV)

PRESENT CARD 

(HolderV)

CHECK CARD

EXPIRATION

(CredV)

CHECK

CARD VISUAL 

CHARACTERISTICS

(e.g. Facial Image)

(HolderV)

Figure C-1: Authentication using PIV Visual Credentials 

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C.1.2 Authentication using PIV CHUID 

The PIV CHUID may be used for authentication in several variations. The use of the PIV Card to 

implement a PACS Low assurance profile is illustrated in Figure C-2. The minimum set of authentication 

data that must be transmitted from the PIV Application to the Local System is application dependent and 

therefore not defined in this Specification. 

Authentication using CHUID

Local System PIV Application API PIV Card Edge 

PRESENT CARD 

(HolderV)

Select 

Application Select 

Application PIV Card App ID and 

Version 

Begin Transaction

Connect 

Read Value 

(CHUID) Read CHUID 

VERIFY EXPIRATION CHUID Returned AND SIGNATURE

(CredV)

REJECT No 

CARDHOLDER 

AUTHENTICATED

CHUID VERIFY

No 

REJECT 

Compare 

FASC-Ns (CredV) 

Yes

RETRIEVE CHUID

Figure C-2: Authentication using PIV CHUID 

C.1.3 Authentication using PIV Biometrics 

The general use case for authentication using the PIV biometric is illustrated in Figure C-3. 

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PRESENT CARD

(HolderV) Connect

Begin Transaction

Select Application

Select Application

PIV Card App ID and Version

ACQUIRE PIN

(HolderV)

Read Value (BIO)

Read BIO

BIO Returned

Verify PIN

Verify PIN

ACK

Read Value (CHUID)

Read CHUID

CHUID Returned

RETRIEVE CHUID

VERIFY EXPIRATION

AND SIGNATURE

(CredV)

RETRIEVE BIO

VERIFY SIGNATURE

(CredV)

REJECT

REJECT

REJECT

ACQUIRE BIO 

(HolderV)

VERIFY

CHUID,

Retrieved &

Acquired Bio

Compare Bio (HolderV)

and

FASC-Ns (CredV)

REJECT CARDHOLDER

AUTHENTICATED

No Yes

Local System PIV Application API PIV Card Edge

End Transaction

Disconnect

Figure C-3: Authentication using PIV Biometrics

The assurance of authentication using the PIV biometric can be further increased if the live biometric 

sample is collected in an attended environment, with a human overseeing the process. This use case is 

illustrated in Figure C-4. 

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PRESENT CARD

(HolderV) Connect

Begin Transaction

Select Application

Select Application

PIV Card App ID and Version

ACQUIRE PIN - in

the presence of an

Attendant

(HolderV)

Read Value (BIO)

Read BIO

BIO Returned

Verify PIN

Verify PIN

ACK

Read Value (CHUID)

Read CHUID

CHUID Returned

RETRIEVE CHUID

VERIFY EXPIRATION

AND SIGNATURE

(CredV)

RETRIEVE BIO

VERIFY SIGNATURE

(CredV)

REJECT

REJECT

REJECT

ACQUIRE BIO - in

the presence of an

Attendant

VERIFY

CHUID,

Retrieved &

Acquired Bio

Compare Bio (HolderV)

and

FASC-Ns (CredV)

REJECT CARDHOLDER

AUTHENTICATED

No Yes

Local System PIV Application API PIV Card Edge

End Transaction

Disconnect

Figure C-4: Authentication using PIV Biometrics (Attended) 

C.1.4 Authentication using PIV Authentication Key

The use case for authentication using the PIV Authentication Key is illustrated in Figure C-5. 

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PRESENT CARD

(HolderV) Connect

Begin Transaction

Select Application

Select Application

PIV Card App ID and Version

ACQUIRE PIN

(HolderV)

Read Value (PIV Auth Certificate)

Read PIV Auth Certificate

PIV Auth Certificate Returned

Verify PIN

Verify PIN

ACK

RETRIEVE PIV AUTH

CERTIFICATE

VALIDATE

CERTIFICATE (Signature,

(Expiration and

Revocation) (CredV)

REJECT

REJECT

VERIFY SIGNED

DATA - card

possesses private

key

(CardV)

REJECT CARDHOLDER

AUTHENTICATED

No Yes

Issuer Verification PIV Application API PIV Card Edge

End Transaction

Disconnect

Revocation

Request Card Signature

Sign Nonce

Signed Nonce Returned

Figure C-5: Authentication using PIV Authentication Key 

C.2 Summary Table 

The following table summarizes the types of validation activities that are included in each of the PIV 

authentication mechanisms described earlier in this section. 

PIV Authentication 

Mechanism 

Card Validation 

Steps (CardV)

Credential Validation 

Steps (CredV)

Cardholder Validation Steps

(HolderV) 

PIV Visual Authentication 1. Counterfeit,

tamper and forgery

check 

1. Expiration check Possession of Card 

Match of card visual 

characteristics with cardholder

PIV CHUID Expiration check 

CHUID signature check 

(optional) 

Possession of Card 

PIV Biometric 

(Unattended) 

Expiration check

CHUID signature check 

(optional) 

PIV Bio signature check 

(optional) 

Possession of Card 

Match PIN 

Match holder’s bio with PIV bio 

PIV Biometric (Attended) Expiration check 

CHUID signature check 

(optional) 

PIV Bio signature check 

(optional) 

Possession of Card 

Match PIN 

Match of holder’s bio to PIV bio 

in view of attendant

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PIV Authentication 

Mechanism 

Card Validation 

Steps (CardV)

Credential Validation 

Steps (CredV)

Cardholder Validation Steps

(HolderV) 

PIV Authentication Key 1. Perform challenge 

response with a PIV 

asymmetric key, and 

validate signature on 

response 

Card expiration check 

Certificate validation of a 

PIV certificate 

Possession of Card 

Match PIN provided by holder

with PIV PIN 

 

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Appendix D—Terms, Acronyms, and Notation 

D.1 Terms 

Application Identifier A globally unique identifier of a card application as defined in ISO/IEC 7816-4.

Application Session The period of time within a card session between when a card application is 

selected and a different card application is selected or the card session ends. 

Authenticatable Entity An entity that can successfully participate in an authentication protocol with a 

card application. 

BER-TLV Data Object A data object coded according to ISO/IEC 8825-2.

Card An integrated circuit card. 

Card Application A set of data objects and card commands that can be selected using an 

application identifier. 

Card Interface Device An electronic device that connects an integrated circuit card and the card 

applications therein to a client application. 

Card Reader Synonym for card interface device. 

Client Application A computer program running on a computer in communication with a card 

interface device. 

Data Object An item of information seen at the card command interface for which are 

specified a name, a description of logical content, a format and a coding. 

Interface Device Synonym for card interface device. 

Key Reference A 6-bit identifier of cryptographic material used in a cryptographic protocol such

as an authentication or a signing protocol. 

MSCUID An optional legacy identifier included for compatibility with Common Access 

Card and Government Smart Card Interoperability Specifications. 

Object Identifier A globally unique identifier of a data object as defined in ISO/IEC 8824-2. 

Reference Data Cryptographic material used in the performance a cryptographic protocol such as

an authentication or a signing protocol. 

Status Word Two bytes returned by an integrated circuit card after processing any command 

that signify the success of or errors encountered during said processing. 

Template A (constructed) BER-TLV data object whose value field contains specific BERTLV data objects. 

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D.2 Acronyms 

AES Advanced Encryption Standard 

AID Application Identifier 

APDU Application Protocol Data Unit 

API Application Programming Interface 

ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation 

BER Basic Encoding Rules 

BSI Basic Services Interface 

CBC Circular Binary Coding 

CBEFF Common Biometric Exchange Formats Framework 

CCC Card Capability Container 

CLA Class (first) byte of a card command 

CHUID Card Holder Unique IDentifier 

DES Data Encryption Standard 

DNS Domain Name Server 

ECB Electronic Code Book 

ECC Elliptic Curve Cryptography

ECDSA Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm

EMR Electro Magnetic Radiation 

FASC-N Federal Agency Smart Credential Number 

FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards 

FISMA Federal Information Security Management Act 

GSC-IAB Government Smart Card Interagency Advisory Board 

GSC-IS Government Smart Card Interoperability Specification 

GUID Global Unique Identification Number 

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ICC Integrated Circuit Card 

IEC International Electrotechnical Commission 

INS Instruction (second) byte of a card command 

IP Internet Protocol 

IR Infra Red 

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network 

ISO International Standards Organization 

LSB Least Significant Bit 

MRTD Machine Readable Travel Document 

MSB Most Significant Bit 

OID Object Identifier 

OMB Office of Management and Budget 

P1 First parameter of a card command 

P2 Second parameter of a card command 

PACS Physical Access Control System

PC/SC Personal Computer/Smart Card 

PIN Personal Identification Number 

PIV Personal Identity Verification 

PIX Proprietary Identifier eXtension 

PKCS Public Key Cryptography Standard 

PKI Public Key Infrastructure 

PUK PIN Unblocking Key

RFU Reserved for Future Use 

RID Registered application provider IDentifier 

RSA Rivest, Shamir, Aldeman 

SCEPACS Smart Card Enabled Physical Access Control System

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SCP ETSI Smart Card Project 

SP Special Publication 

SW1 First byte of a two-byte status word 

SW2 Second byte of a two-byte status word 

TIG Technical Implementation Guidance 

TLV Tag-Length-Value 

URL Uniform Resource Locator 

VM Virtual Machine 

D.3 Notation 

The sixteen hexadecimal digits shall be denoted using the alphanumeric characters 0, 1, 2..., A, B, C, D, 

E, and F. A byte consists of two hexadecimal digits, for example, ‘2D’. A sequence of bytes may be 

enclosed in single quotation marks, for example 'A0 00 00 01 16' rather than given as a sequence of 

individual bytes, 'A0’ ‘00’ ‘00’ ‘01’ ‘16'. 

A byte can also be represented by bits b8 to b1, where b8 is the most significant bit (MSB) and b1 is the 

least significant bit (LSB) of the byte. In textual or graphic representations, the leftmost bit is the MSB. 

Thus, for example, the most significant bit, b8, of ‘80’ is 1 and the least significant bit, b1, is 0. 

All bytes specified as RFU shall be set to '00' and all bits specified as reserved for future use shall be set 

to 0. 

All lengths shall be measured in number of bytes unless otherwise noted. 

Data objects in templates are described as being mandatory (M), optional (O) or conditional (C). 

'Mandatory' means the data object shall appear in the template. 'Optional' means the data object may

appear in the template. In the case of conditional data objects, the conditions under which they are 

required are provided in a footnote to the table. 

In other tables the M/O column identifies properties of the PIV Card Application that shall be present (M) 

or may be present (O). 

BER-TLV data object tags are represented as byte sequences as described above. Thus, for example, ‘4F’

is the interindustry data object tag for an application identifier and ‘7F 60’ is the interindustry data object 

tag for the biometric information template. 

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", 

"SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this standard are to be 

interpreted as described in IETF RFC 2119, Key Words for Use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels 

[6].

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Appendix E—References

[1] ISO/IEC 7816 (Parts 4, 5, 6, 8, and 9), Information technology — Identification cards — Integrated 

circuit(s) cards with contacts. 

[2] ISO/IEC 8824-2:2002, Information technology -- Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1): Information 

object specification. 

[3] ISO/IEC 8825-1:2002, Information technology — ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic 

Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER). 

[4] NIST Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 201, Personal Identity Verification for 

Federal Employees and Contractors, February, 2005.

[5] PACS v2.2, Technical Implementation Guidance: Smart Card Enabled Physical Access Control 

Systems, Version 2.2, The Government Smart Card Interagency Advisory Board’s Physical Security

Interagency Interoperability Working Group, July 27, 2004. 

[6] IETF RFC 2119, “Key Words for Use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels,” March, 1997. 

[7] Government Smart Card Interoperability Specification, Version 2.1, NIST Interagency Report 6887 – 

2003 Edition, July 16, 2003. 

[8] PKI for Machine Readable Travel Documents Offering ICC Read-Only Access Version - 1.1 Date - 

October 01, 2004. Published by authority of the Secretary General, International Civil Aviation 

Organization. 

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