UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS

EASTERN DIVISION

CHARLES PERKINS, )

)

Plaintiff, ) No. 12 C 2494

)

vs. ) Judge Ronald A. Guzmán

)

COOK COUNTY MUNICIPALITY, )

et al., )

)

Defendants. )

MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER

Plaintiff, a prisoner proceeding pro se, sues defendants, two officers at Cook County Jail,

pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for their alleged violations of his constitutional rights. Defendants

have filed a Federal Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 56 motion for summary judgment. For the

reasons stated in this order, the motion is granted. 

Local Rule 56.1

Together with their motion for summary judgment, defendants included a “Notice to Pro Se

Litigant Opposing Motion for Summary Judgment,” as required by circuit precedent. That notice

explained in detail the requirements of the Local Rules governing summary judgment and warned

plaintiff that his failure to controvert the facts as set forth in the moving party’s statement results

in those facts being deemed admitted. See, e.g., Smith v. Lamz, 321 F.3d 680, 683 (7th Cir. 2003). 

Although granted over three months to do so, plaintiff failed to file a response to defendants’

motion. Thus, the Court finds that the following facts, all supported by the record, are undisputed

for purposes of this motion.

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At all times relevant to this suit, plaintiff was a pretrial detainee at Cook County Jail, 

defendant Scott Bratlien was plaintiff’s cell house superintendent and defendant Toni Calvin was

a sergeant assigned to plaintiff’s housing unit. (Defs.’ LR 56.1(a) Stmt. ¶¶ 6-8.) 

On February 6, 2012, Bratlien received a report from the Cook County Sheriff’s Criminal

Intelligence Unit that there was gang unrest on plaintiff’s tier. (Id. ¶ 11.) Based on this information,

Bratlien placed the entire tier on lockdown to prevent an outbreak of gang violence. (Id. ¶ 12.) 

On February 7, 2012, inmates on the tier, apparently in frustration over the lockdown,

flooded the housing unit and threw garbage from their cells into the common area. (Id. ¶ 15.) The

next day, an officer who is not a defendant issued a disciplinary report to plaintiff, charging him

with having taken part in the disturbance. (Id. ¶ 16; Defs.’ Ex. C-1, Inmate Disciplinary Report.)

After a hearing before a three-judge committee that included defendant Calvin, plaintiff was

found guilty of the charge and ordered to pay $75.00 in restitution. (Defs.’ LR 56.1(a) Stmt. ¶¶ 21-

23.) Plaintiff did not appeal the disciplinary conviction or file a grievance about the disciplinary

process. (Id. ¶¶ 26-32.) 

Discussion

To prevail on a summary judgment motion, “the movant [must] show[] that there is no

genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” 

Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). At this stage, we do not weigh evidence or determine the truth of the matters

asserted. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 249 (1986). We view all evidence and

draw all inferences in favor of the non-moving party. Michas v. Health Cost Controls of Ill., Inc.,

209 F.3d 687, 692 (7th Cir. 2000). Summary judgment is appropriate only when the record as a

whole establishes that no reasonable jury could find for the non-moving party. Id.

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Plaintiff asserts that defendants violated his First Amendment rights when they locked down

his tier in retaliation for the litigation activities of another inmate, Larry Banks. In other words,

plaintiff claims that he was punished for Banks’ constitutionally-protected activity, not his own. 

However, plaintiff has standing to assert Banks’ First Amendment rights only if plaintiff has

suffered an injury in fact, has a close relationship to Banks and can demonstrate that there is “some

hindrance to [Banks’] ability to protect his . . . own interest[s].” Marin-Garcia v. Holder, 647 F.3d

666, 670 (7th Cir. 2011). There is no evidence to suggest that Banks cannot protect his own

interests; in fact, the Court’s own docket establishes that he can. See Banks v. Dart, 12 C 8694;

Banks v. Dart, 12 C 4334; Banks v. Dart, No. 12 C 4333; Banks v. Dart, 12 C 1636; Banks v. Cook

Cnty., 12 C 242. Because plaintiff does not satisfy the criteria for asserting another’s claims, he

does not have standing to pursue the First Amendment retaliation claim. 

If the lockdown claim is viewed through the lens of due process, plaintiff would have

standing to assert it, but it still fails on the merits.1

 An inmate does not have a constitutionallyprotected right to mingle with the general prison population unless the state has created such a right. 

Smith v. Shettle, 946 F.2d 1250, 1252 (7th Cir. 1991); see Antonelli v. Sheahan, 81 F.3d 1422, 1430

(7th Cir. 1996) (“Mr. Antonelli has no general liberty interest in movement outside of his cell

guaranteed by the Due Process Clause.”). To create such an interest, the state must use “language

of an unmistakably mandatory character, requiring that certain procedures ‘shall,’ ‘will,’ or ‘must’

be employed and that the challenged action will not occur absent specific substantive predicates.” 

Woods v. Thieret, 903 F.2d 1080, 1082 (7th Cir. 1990) (quotations omitted). “In other words, a

liberty interest is created only where the state regulation . . . contains specific directives to the

1

The record suggests that plaintiff exhausted administrative remedies for this claim. (See Defs.’

LR 56.1(a) Stmt. ¶¶ 26-28.) 

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decisionmaker that if the regulation[’s] substantive predicates are present, a particular outcome 

must follow.” Id. at 1082-83 (quotations omitted). The Illinois regulation pertaining to lockdowns

contains no such language. See 20 Ill. Adm. Code § 501.120 (“The Chief Administrative Officer

may confine committed persons temporarily in all or part of the facility when determined necessary

in order to maintain security of the facility or the safety of committed persons, employees or other

persons.”). Accordingly, defendants are entitled to judgment as a matter of law on any due process

claim arising from the lockdown.

Plaintiff’s remaining due process claims, which are based on the disciplinary process, fail

for lack of exhaustion. See 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a) (“No action shall be brought with respect to prison

conditions . . . by a prisoner . . . until such administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.”);

Massey v. Helman, 196 F.3d 727, 733 (7th Cir. 1999) (“[I]f a prison has an internal administrative

grievance system through which a prisoner can seek to correct a problem, then the prisoner must

utilize that administrative system before filing a claim.”). To satisfy the exhaustion requirement,

a prisoner “must take all steps prescribed by the prison’s grievance system,” Ford v. Johnson, 362

F.3d 395, 397 (7th Cir. 2004), in the form and at the time that the grievance system requires, Dale

v. Lappin, 376 F.3d 652, 655 (7th Cir. 2004).

It is undisputed that plaintiff did not appeal his disciplinary conviction or file a grievance

with respect to the disciplinary process. (See Defs.’ LR 56.1(a) Stmt. ¶¶ 26-32.) Because the record

establishes that plaintiff did not exhaust administrative remedies, the Court cannot consider the

merits of his due process claims. See Perez v. Wis. Dep’t of Corr., 182 F.3d 532, 536 (7th Cir.

1999).

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Conclusion

For the reasons set forth above, the Court finds that there is no genuine issue of material fact

as to the claims plaintiff asserts against defendants, who are entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

Accordingly, defendants’ motion for summary judgment is granted [45] and this case is terminated.

If plaintiff wishes to appeal this final order, he may file a notice of appeal with this court

within thirty days of the entry of judgment. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4). A motion for leave to appeal

in forma pauperis should set forth the issues plaintiff plans to present on appeal. See Fed. R. App.

P. 24(a)(1)(C). If plaintiff chooses to appeal, he will be liable for the $455.00 appellate filing fee

irrespective of the outcome of the appeal. Evans v. Ill. Dep’t of Corr., 150 F.3d 810, 812 (7th Cir.

1998). Furthermore, if the appeal is found to be non-meritorious, plaintiff may also be assessed a

“strike” under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Plaintiff is warned that, pursuant to that statute, if a prisoner

has had a total of three federal cases or appeals dismissed as frivolous, malicious, or failing to state

a claim, he may not file suit in federal court without prepaying the filing fee unless he is in imminent

danger of serious physical injury. Id.

SO ORDERED. ENTERED: October 10, 2013

__________________________________

HON. RONALD A. GUZMAN

United States District Judge

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