# Final Contaminant Candidate List 3

Chemicals: Screening to a PCCL

## Office of Water (4607M)

EPA 815-R-09-007

August 2009

www.epa.gov/safewaterEPA-OGWDW Final CCL 3 Chemicals: EPA 815-R-09-007

Screening to a PCCL August 2009



# Table of Contents

1.0 I NTRODUCTION 

## ........................................................................................................................ 1

2.0 H EALTH 

## E FFECTS 

## D ATA 

## E LEMENTS 

## ....................................................................................... 3

2.1 Dose-Response Data Elements ........................................................................................... 4

2.2 Categorical Data Elements ................................................................................................ .. 5

2.3 Calibration of the Data for Partit ioning into Toxicity Categories....................................... 6

2.3.1 Dose-Response Data..................................................................................................... 6

2.3.2 Categorical Data ....................................................................................................... .... 9

2.4 Combining the Data Elements for Screening .................................................................... 12

3.0 O CCURRENCE 

## D ATA 

## E LEMENTS 

## ........................................................................................... 13

3.1 Finished Water Data ...................................................................................................... .... 13

3.2 Ambient Wa ter Data ....................................................................................................... .. 15

3.3 Environmental Release Data ............................................................................................. 1 5

3.4 Production Data.......................................................................................................... ....... 16

3.5 Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) and Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals .................. 16

3.6 Combining the Data Elements for Screening .................................................................... 16

4.0 C RITERIA FOR 

## S ELECTING A 

## PCCL...................................................................................... 17

4.1 Finished and Ambient Water Concentration Data ............................................................ 17

4.2 Environmental Release Data ............................................................................................. 1 8

4.3 Production Data.......................................................................................................... ....... 19

4.4 DBPS and Drinking Water Additives ............................................................................... 20

5.0 E FFICACY OF THE 

## F RAMEWORK AS A 

## S CREENING 

## T OOL 

## ..................................................... 20

6.0 R EFERENCES 

## .......................................................................................................................... 21

7.0 A PPENDICES 

## ....................................................................................................................... A1-1

Appendix 1. Criteria for Sel ecting the PCCL ...................................................................... A1-1

Appendix 2. Chemicals Passing Scre ening to the PCCL ..................................................... A2-1

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# Table of Exhibits

Exhibit 1: Partition for Screening the Universe ............................................................................. 3

Exhibit 2: Potency Distributions for the Health Effects Test Set and Universe Chemicals .......... 7

Exhibit 3: Hodge Sterner Scale fo r Categorizing Chemicals Based on LD 50 

## Values

(Health Canada, 2005) ........................................................................................................ 8

Exhibit 4: Potency Measures for Universe Data Element Partitioned Based on Toxicity

(mg/kg/day or mg/kg) ......................................................................................................... 9

Exhibit 5: Cancer Groupi ng and Description under the U.S. EPA 1986 Guidelines ..................... 9

Exhibit 6: IARC Cancer Groupings (ITER, 2006) ...................................................................... 10

Exhibit 7: Partitioning of Cancer Data Based on TD 50 

## Values and Weight of Evidence ............ 11

Exhibit 8: Examples of Potency Data Elem ents for the Selected Chemical Drawn from

the Universe .................................................................................................................. .... 12

Exhibit 9: Number of Chem icals with Median Concentrat ions Distributed through the

Screening Framework by Health Effects Category .......................................................... 14

Exhibit 10: Criteria for Screening H ealth Effects and Water Categories .................................... 18

Exhibit 11: Criteria for Screen ing Health Effects and Environmental Release Categories ......... 19

Exhibit 12: Criteria for Screening Hea lth Effects and Production Categories ............................ 19

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# List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

< Less than

≤ Less than or equal to

> Greater than

≥ Greater than or equal to

μg/L Micrograms per liter

CASRN Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number

CCL Contaminant Candidate List

CCL 1 EPA’s first contaminant candidate list

CCL 3 EPA’s third Cont aminant Candidate List

CE Clear evidence of carcinogenicity

CUS/IUR Chemical Update System/Inventory Update Rule

DBPs Disinfection By-Products

DBP-CAN Disinfection By-Product with Carcinogenicity Estimates

DSS-Tox Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity

DWEL Drinking water equivalent level

E Equivocal

EE Equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity

EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

FDA United States Food and Drug Administration

FW/AW Finished Water/Ambient Water

H High probability of causing cancer

HM High moderate probability of causing cancer

IRIS Integrated Risk Information System (EPA)

kg Kilogram

L Liter

L Low probability of causing cancer

LD 50 

## Lethal dose 50; an estimate of a sing le dose that is expected to cause the

death of 50 percent of the exposed anim als; it is derived from experimental

data.

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## lbs Pounds

LM Low moderate probability of causing cancer

LOAEL Lowest observe d adverse effect level

M Moderate probability of causing cancer

Mar Marginal probability of causing cancer

MCLG Maximum contaminant level goal

MRDD Maximum recommended daily dose

mg/kg Milligrams per kilogram body weight

mg/kg/day Milligrams per kilogram body weight per day

N Negative

NAWQA National Water Quality Assessment Program (USGS)

NCFAP National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy

NCI National Cancer Institute

NDWAC National Drinking Water Advisory Council

NE No evidence of carcinogenicity

NOAEL No observed a dverse effect level

NPDWR National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

NREC National Reconnaissanc e of Emerging Contaminants

NTP National Toxicology Program

NTPMSR National Toxicology Program multi-species results

P Positive

PCCL Preliminary CCL

PPMP Pesticide Pilot Monitoring Program

RfD Reference dose

QSAR Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship

RfD-eq Reference Dose -equivalent

SE Some evidence of carcinogenicity

TD 50 

## Tumorigenic dose 50; The dose-rate wh ich if administered chronically for

the standard life-span of the species will have a 50% probability of causing

tumors at some point during that period.

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## TRI Toxics Release Inventory

TS Test Set of chemicals

U Universe

USGS United States Geological Survey

yr Year

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# 1.0 Introduction

Every five years the United States Environm ental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to

publish a list of contaminants (1) that are currently unr egulated, (2) that are known or anticipated

to occur in public water systems, and (3) whic h may require regulations under the Safe Drinking

Water Act (SDWA). This list is known as th e Contaminant Candidate List or CCL. SDWA

section 1412(b)(1) requ ires that in the development of the CCL, EPA consider specific data

sources and include the scientific community. EPA must evaluate s ubstances identified in section

101(14) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act

(CERCLA) of 1980 and substances registered as pesticides under the Federal Insecticide,

Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). SDWA also requires the Agency to consider the

National Contaminant Occurrence Database es tablished under secti on 1445(g) of SDWA.

SDWA directs the Agency to consult with th e scientific community, including the Science

Advisory Board (SAB). In addition, it directs th e Agency to consider the health effects and

occurrence information for unregulated contaminants to identify those contaminants that present

the greatest public health concern rela ted to exposure from drinking water.

EPA interprets the criterion that contaminants ar e known or anticipated to occur in public water

systems broadly. In evaluating this criteri on, EPA considers not only public water system

monitoring data, but also data on concentrations in ambient surface and ground waters, releases

to the environment (e.g., Toxics Release Invent ory), and production. While such data may not

establish conclusively that contaminants are known to occur in public water systems, EPA

believes these data are sufficient to anticipate that contaminants may occur in public water

systems and support their inclusion on the CCL. Th e Agency considered adverse health effects

that may pose a greater risk to life stages and other sensitive groups which represent a

meaningful portion of the populatio n. Adverse health effects associated with infants, children,

pregnant women, the elderly, and in dividuals with a history of seri ous illness were evaluated. In

selecting contaminants for the CCL 3, each of the above requirements was met.

SDWA section 1412(b)(1) also requires EPA to de termine whether to regu late at least five

contaminants from the CCL every five years. SDWA specifies that EPA shall regulate a

contaminant if the Administrator determines that:

 The contaminant may have an adverse effect on the health of persons;

 The contaminant is known to occur, or th ere is a substantia l likelihood that the

contaminant will occur in public water systems with a frequency and at levels of public

health concern; and

 In the sole judgment of the Administrator, regulation of such c ontaminant presents a

meaningful opportunity for health risk re duction for persons served by public water

systems.

Once contaminants have been placed on the CCL, EPA identifies if there are any additional data

needs or if there are sufficient information to make a regulatory determination. EPA interprets

these criteria for regulatory determination as more rigorous than what is used to place

contaminants on the CCL.

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## EPA developed a multi-step process, based on available data, to characterize occurrence and

adverse health risks a contaminant may pose to consumers of public water systems for inclusion

on the Contaminant Candidate Lists (CCL). The steps involve:

1) Building a broad CCL Universe of pote ntial drinking water contaminants for

consideration (see “ Final Contaminant Candidate List 3 Chemicals: Identifying the

Universe” (USEPA, 2009a));

2) Using straightforward screening criteria related to a contaminant’s potential to occur in

drinking water and potential for public health concern to narrow the Universe to a

Preliminary CCL (PCCL), and;

3) Using a structured classifica tion approach (e.g., a classificat ion model) as a tool, along

with expert judgment, to develop a proposed CCL from the PCCL (see “Final

Contaminant Candidate List 3 Chemicals: Classification of the PCCL to the CCL”

(USEPA, 2009b)).

4) Providing opportunities for public comment and contaminant nomination (see “Summary

of Nominations for the Third Contaminant Candidate List” (USEPA, 2009c)).

This report focuses on the second step, in which EP A uses an approach to screen chemicals to a

PCCL using the data available from a set of data sources that EPA evaluated for health effects

and occurrence information to compile the CCL 3 Universe.

These data sources have yi elded over 6,000 chemicals whic h populate the CCL 3 Chemical

Universe. Along with the names and identifying char acteristics of these ch emicals the Universe

is the repository for the health -related and occurrence-related information. This information was

used to screen individual contaminants to determ ine if they should advance from the Universe to

the PCCL. In the case of health effects, the Un iverse includes both quant itative and qualitative

information on the hazard and/or dose-response properties of the contaminants. For occurrence,

the Universe includes both quantitative and qua litative information on occurrence in water,

releases to the environment, and amount produced. The process for the selection of data sources

and Universe chemicals is detailed in the document entitled, “Contaminant Candidate List 3

Chemicals: Identifying the Universe” (USEPA, 2009a)

.

EPA based the screening approach, in part, on the National Drinking Water Advisory Council

(NDWAC) recommendation that screening the Univer se of chemicals for selection of the PCCL

should be based on widely available data elements that represent important health effects and

occurrence properties (NDWAC, 2004). NDWAC also recommende d that the screening be

versatile, yet as simple as possibl e, and facilitate the identificati on of those contaminants most in

need of further consideration through the PCCL to CCL process. EPA considered this an

important goal when establishi ng the screening criteria.

The basic framework developed by EPA for use in screening is shown in Exhibit 1. Applying

this framework to the CCL 3 Universe groups contaminants categorized by their toxicity along

the vertical axis and by their occu rrence on the horizontal axis. It arrays the data in a way that

will allow for a separation of chemicals into those that move to the PCCL based on their toxicity

and occurrence properties (e.g., upper right in Exhib it 1) and those that are not further evaluated

Page 2 of 21

# Exhibit 1: Partition for Screening the Universe

Health Effects Occurrence

Low to High Occurrence

Increasing

Toxicity Do not pass to PCCL Pass to the PCCL EPA-OGWDW Final CCL 3 Chemicals: EPA 815-R-09-007

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## and remain in the CCL chemical universe (e.g., lowe r left in Exhibit 1). The type of available

data determines which chemicals move to the PC CL and those that remain in the universe.

To adequately represent the broad spectrum of health effects data elements at the screening level,

the toxicity categories must accommodate bot h dose-response and descriptive data. The

occurrence screening categories must also accomm odate a variety of occurrence data elements

such as water concentration, environm ental release, or production data.

The challenge in screening is to group the ch emicals into categories for health effects and

occurrence using the variety of data elements ava ilable in the Universe in a generally equivalent

manner. Section 2.0 describes the approach that was used for grouping the health effects data

elements into the separate toxicity-based categor ies. Section 3.0 describe s the approach that is

used to group the occurrence data elements. Th e application of the screening framework as a

tool, and the results from scr eening are discussed in Section 4.0. Appendix 1 summarizes the

screening criteria for each type of data consid ered. Appendix 2 shows the contaminants and the

data EPA used that moved them to the PCCL for additional consideration in the CCL 3 process.



# 2.0 Health Effects Data Elements

The toxicity information and health effects data extracted from th e data sources are quite varied

(USEPA, 2009a and b). The health data elements that provide toxicity information to populate

Exhibit 1 fall into two major categories:

 Data elements that provide dos e-response information (potency)

 Categorical data elements on hazard (mos tly related to carcinogenic potential).

Some chemicals come from data sources that pr ovide dose-response data in the form of Lowest

Observable Adverse Effects Level (LOAELs), Lethal Dose 50 (LD 50 

## ), or Reference Doses and

their equivalents (RfDs and RfD-eq). Some data s ources only include descriptive data such as the

positive, negative, or equivocal results from National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies or

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogen classi fications. Still other

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## chemicals are in the Universe by virtue of their be ing on a list, such as the State of California list

of reproductive or developmental toxicants (“Proposition 65”) which does not have any

accompanying toxicological data. For this reason, it is important that the screening process for

deriving the PCCL be able to accommodate a variety of health e ffects data inputs.

After examining the breadth of available health effects data, EPA established five categories for

screening. The five categories are as follows:

 Toxicity Category 1

 Toxicity Category 2

 Toxicity Category 3 (the central tendency grouping)

 Toxicity Category 4

 Toxicity Category 5

The toxicity of the grouping decreases as the num ber for the grouping increases, with Toxicity

Category 1 being the most toxic grouping and Toxicity Category 5 th e least toxic grouping.

Within each Toxicity Category, the partitioning criter ia vary depending on the data element used.

The partitioning criteria that place a LOAEL in Toxicity Category 1 differ from the criteria used

for LD 50 

## values that place it in the same categor y. Both criteria are intended to identify

contaminants of approximately equivalent toxi city. The following sections provide information

on the data elements available in the Universe that reflect the dose -response properties and

categorical or descriptive information for the chemicals in the Universe.



# 2.1 Dose-Response Data Elements

The NDWAC recommended that screening be base d on data elements that demonstrate toxic

effects (i.e., LOAELs, LD 50 

## s, Cancer Slope Factors, etc.) rather than on data elements that are

based on no effects (i.e., No obser ved adverse effect level (NOAELs ) or that include uncertainty

factors in their derivation (i.e., Rf D-eq). However, because of the limitations on the types of data

available for many of the contaminants, it is not po ssible to be this restrictive. Of the chemicals

in the universe, about 500 had LOAEL data and about 2,000 had LD 50 

## data. The remainder were

lacking the endpoints recommende d by the NDWAC, so EPA used other data elements that

provide quantitative information on dose-response that can be partit ioned into the five toxicity

groupings. Major endpoints that fall in th is category, in addition to LOAELs and LD 50 

## s, are as

follows:

 RfDs and RfD-equivalents: RfDs, Minimal Risk Levels from the Agency for Toxic

Substance and Disease Registry, Tolerabl e Daily Intakes from the World Health

Organization (WHO), Acceptable Daily Inta kes from WHO and the Food and Drug

Administration (FDA), Public Health Goals from California EPA, and Tolerable Upper

Intake Levels from the Institute of Medicine.

 NOAELs - No Observed Adverse Effect Levels.

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##  50 

## species will have a 50% proba bility of causing tumors throughout that period. Chemicals

with TD 50 

## data have positive cancer results in at least one study.

 Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD) - Recommendations for the maximum

adult daily therapeutic doses for pharmaceuticals (FDA).

Including the measures of toxic potency listed ab ove in the health effects screening framework

expands the number of chemicals from the Univer se that can be screened on the basis of their

dose-response for possible inclusion in the PCCL . The approach used to partition each of these

toxicity measures for screeni ng is described in Section 2.3.



# 2.2 Categorical Data Elements

There are three groups of categorical data elem ents and health effects information in the

Universe. These groups categorize chemicals ac cording to their carc inogenic potential,

mutagenicity information, or classification as a developmental or reproductive toxicant.

Categorical data sets in the Universe include the following:

 U.S. EPA Cancer Groupings

 IARC Cancer Groupings

 NTP weight-of-evidence findi ngs from cancer bioassays

 National Cancer Institute (NCI) weight-o f-evidence findings from cancer bioassays

 California EPA list of chemicals suspected of causing cancer

 EPA Water Disinfection By-Products with Carcinogenicity Estimates (DBP-CAN)

groupings based on carcinogenic potential deri ved from Quantitativ e Structure Activity

Relationship (QSAR) projecti ons and expert judgment

 California list of chemicals suspected of being developmen tal or reproductive toxicants

 U.S. EPA groupings of disinfection by-products (DBPs) based on QSAR predictions of

their ability to cause developmental or reproductive toxicity.

Even with the expansion of the types of dose-response data suita ble for screening described in

Section 2.1, many chemicals in the Universe l ack dose-response data elements making it

important to use the categorical info rmation at this screening stage.

The categorical cancer information is amenable to the screening approach i llustrated in Exhibit 1

because, in most cases, it includes subcategories rela ted to the strength of the cancer data and its

applicability to humans.

The second group of categorical data elemen ts provides information on genotoxicity and

mutagenicity. This group is considered categoric al because results are classified as positive,

negative, or equivocal. However, it is common to have multiple genotoxicity assays for any

given chemical, and it is unusual for all assays of a given chemical to have the same result. TD s - The dose-rate which if administered chr onically for the standa rd life-span of the

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## Accordingly, there is a need to integrate a ll of the genotoxicity results and determine a

categorical weight-of-evidence if the data are to be useful for screening. However, the Universe

contained few weight-of-evidence findings on genotoxicity, and, when such results are available,

they are usually tied to cancer assessments with dose-response measures. Accordingly, the use of

the categorical cancer in formation along with TD 50 

## dose-response data redu ces the importance of

including genotoxicity as a scre ening criterion. The genotoxicity data remain available as a

supplemental health effects element that can be applied in the evaluati on of the PCCL and in

making decisions for chemicals that fall close to the screening barrier that separates the

chemicals that will move to the PCCL from those that will remain in the Universe.

The third type of categorical information in the da tabase comes from the St ate of California’s list

of reproductive and developmental toxicants or othe r similar lists. These li sts are groupings that

are based on a single toxicological property, but not partitioned by the degree of hazard. In this

respect the lists are different fr om the cancer information that includes subdivisions based on the

hazard weight-of-evidence and supported by quantitative cancer slope factors and/or TD 50 

## values. For this reason, the California list of de velopmental and reproductive toxicants and the

California list of carcinogens ar e not used for the screening frame work but they are retained as

supplemental information that may be useful in the evaluation of the initial PCCL screening

results.



# 2.3 Calibration of the Data for Pa rtitioning into Toxicity Categories

2.3.1 Dose-Response Data

As mentioned in the previous se ction, the health effects inform ation found in the Universe is

diverse. Accordingly, the challenge in screening is to be able to partition each type of data

element into the five toxicity-based categories in a reproducible and logical manner. The main

data elements proposed for screening (RfD-eq, NOAEL, and LOAEL values) have been used by

EPA in establishing Maximum Contaminant Level Goals (MCLGs) or Lifetime Health

Advisories. Accordingly, it was possible to co mpile a set of test chemicals (TS) found in

drinking water that had multiple data elements from the set of toxicity data (i.e., RfD-eq,

NOAEL, LOAEL, LD 50 

## ) and examine the range and distributi on of values associated with each

dose-response data element. Dist ributions were also determined for the other measures of doseresponse found in the Universe (U) at the ti me the screening process was developed (i.e.,

LOAELs, LD 50 

## s, MRDDs, TD 50 

## s). Each measure of toxicity covered a range of close to ten

orders of magnitude and had a roughly normal dist ribution when arrayed a ccording to their log 10 

## value rounded to a single significant figure (Exhib it 2). Each data set is skewed toward higher

potency chemicals due to the difficulty in id entifying conventional toxicity data for many

chemicals that are slightly or practically nontoxic. The RfDs and NOAELs in the Universe were

not initially compiled.

Page 6 of 21

# Exhibit 2: Potency Distributions for the Health Effects Test Set

and Universe Chemicals

Log RfD-eq NOAEL LOAEL MRDD TD 50 

## LD 50



## TS TS TS U U U TS U

<-7 1

-7

-6 1

-5 8 3

-4 59 1 3 4 3

-3 105 5 2 4 15 8

-2 121 21 13 15 53 17 0 1

-1 63 45 28 52 183 53 0 1

0 11 92 63 83 271 184 9 10

1 4 106 121 120 453 266 11 26

2 3 29 85 139 223 272 45 239

3 13 28 73 12 139 75 1023

4 1 8 25 40 672

5 1 1 19

6

TS = Test Set, U= Universe

The TS for RFDs includes chemicals on th e IRIS as well as those with MCLGs

and/or Health Advisory values EPA-OGWDW Final CCL 3 Chemicals: EPA 815-R-09-007

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## A reference point for the potency of drinking water was established by converting the 2 L/day,

90 percentile drinking water intake (used by the Office of W ater for risk analyses), into a

NOAEL equivalent mg/kg/day dose for 70 Kg adults . This dose equivalent, for perspective,

would occur in the Log 5 cell in the NOAEL health effects diagnostic set. Including this doseresponse value for drinking water allows all other contaminants to be viewed in perspective as

they relate to the CCL screening framework (in Exhibit 2).

EPA evaluated the distribution of the Test Set or the Universe dose-response parameters shown

in Exhibit 2. EPA defined the modal grouping from the distribution for each type of toxicity

parameter as Toxicity Category 3 for screen ing. The higher and lower screening toxicity

categories were partitioned from the remainder of the distribution base d on its shape and the

numeric groupings of chemicals above and belo w the modal grouping. For most parameters other

than the LD 50 

## values, partitioning was based on powers of 10 and a desire to be more inclusive

rather than exclusive during the screening pr ocess, especially during initial testing.

There is a discrepancy between th e modal LOAEL in the Universe and that from the Test Set.

The data from the Universe have a modal value th at is one log 10 

## unit less toxic than that for the

Test Set (Exhibit 2). A decision was made by EPA to base Toxicity Category 3 LOAEL

grouping on the Test Set rather th an the universe because the comb ination of the Office of Water

Health Advisory chemicals and those on Integrat ed Risk Information System (IRIS) that made

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## up that set is more representative of chemicals that EPA had found to be of environmental and/or

regulatory concern than the Universe compilation.

The partitioning for the LD 50 

## values was treated differently from the RfD-eq, NOAEL, and

LOAEL values because there has long been an accepted categorization of LD 50 

## values into six

categories. The Hodge Sterner scale is show n in Exhibit 3 (Hodge Sterner, 1956). The six

categories were reduced to the five screening categories by combining th e two lowest toxicity

categories from the Hodge Sterner Scale.



# Exhibit 3: Hodge Sterner Scale for Categorizing Chemicals

Based on LD 50 

# Values (Health Canada, 2005)

Extremely Toxic <1 mg/kg

Highly Toxic 1 - <50 mg/kg

Moderately Toxic 50 - <500 mg/kg

Slightly Toxic 500 - <5000 mg/kg

Practically nontoxic 5000 - <15000 mg/kg

Relatively harmless ≥ 15000 mg/kg

The MRDD values were partition ed as if they were LOAELs because the maximum therapeutic

doses are established by balancing their bene fit with their risk. Accordingly, although MRDD

doses are safe for human consumption, some advers e effects are always po ssible, especially in

sensitive populations. This situat ion justifies considering them as LOAELs rather than NOAELs.

The partitioning of the TD 50 

## values was unique in that they apply to the probability for tumor

development. They were, accordingly, combined with the categorical data elements that are

discussed in Section 2.3.2.

Exhibit 4 illustrates how the Universe dose-response data elements partition into their toxicity

categories for screening. The partitioning considered both the distribution of the data for each of

the health effects data elements and the number of contaminants that would fall in each of the

toxicity categories. The testing of the partitioning for the third CCL (CCL 3) Universe at the time

of protocol development suggested that the appr oach performed reasonably well. Its performance

can be further evaluated and modified if needed for future CCLs.

Page 8 of 21

# Exhibit 4: Potency Measures for Un iverse Data Element Partitioned

Based on Toxicity (mg/kg/day or mg/kg)

RfD NOAEL LOAEL MRDD LD 50 

## Toxicity Category 1 <0.0001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <1

Toxicity Category 2 0.0001 - <0.001 0.01 - < 1 0.01 - <1 0.01 - < 1 1 - <50

Toxicity Category 3 0.001 - <0.05 1 - <10 1 - <10 1 - <10 50 - <500

Toxicity Category 4 0.05 - <0.1 10 - < 1000 10 - <1000 10 - < 1000 500 - <5000

Toxicity Category 5 ≥ 0.1 ≥ 1000 ≥ 1000 ≥ 1000 ≥ 5000



# Exhibit 5: Cancer Grouping and Description under the

U.S. EPA 1986 Guidelines

Group Description

A Human carcinogen

B 1 

## Probable human carcinogen

B 2 

## Limited evidence in animals and inadequate or no evidence in humans

C Possible human carcinogen

D Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity

E Evidence of noncarcinogenicity in humans EPA-OGWDW Final CCL 3 Chemicals: EPA 815-R-09-007

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## 2.3.2 Categorical Data

As discussed in Section 2.0, the ca tegorical data selected for scre ening were primarily those that

applied to cancer and provided a weight-of-evid ence evaluation for the probability that the agent

was carcinogenic to humans. The data from the EPA include either an alpha-numeric grouping or

a weight-of-evidence statement on carcinogenic potential and ofte n a cancer slope factor. The

alpha-numeric groupings (Exhibit 5) apply to the chemicals eval uated for their carcinogenicity

under the Guidelines for Carcinoge n Risk Assessment (USEPA, 1986).

In 1996 and 1999 the U.S. EPA issued draft updat ed guidelines for evaluating carcinogenicity.

EPA finalized the revised guidelines in 2005 (USEPA, 2005). Chemicals evaluated under the

2005 Guidelines and its drafts ar e grouped according to five wei ght-of-evidence descriptors as

follows:

 Carcinogenic to humans

 Likely to be carcinogenic to humans

 Suggestive evidence for carcinogenicity

 Insufficient evidence to determine carcinogenicity

 Not likely to be carcinogenic

IARC uses a Numeric-Alpha grouping for carcino gens (ITER, 2006) that is similar to the 1986

U.S. EPA groupings. Exhibit 6 summarizes th e IARC cancer groupings. The Health Canada

groupings are derived from the IARC system but use Roman numerals I through V for the five

IARC groupings (ITER, 2006).

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# Exhibit 6: IARC Cancer Groupings (ITER, 2006)

Group Description

1 Carcinogenic to humans

2A Probably carcinogenic to humans

2B Possibly carcinogenic to humans

3 Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

4 Probably not carcinogenic to humans

The data abstracted from the NTP database on cancer studies are those from studies conducted

by both the NTP and the NCI. The NTP (2005) describes the results of the studies as:

 Clear evidence of carcinogenicity (CE)

 Some evidence of carcinogenicity (SE)

 Equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity (EE)

 No evidence of carcinogenicity (NE)

The NTP studies are conducted usin g groups of male and female rats and/or mice. The results in

both species and both sexes have separate weight -of-evidence determinations. “Clear evidence”

in both species and both sexes is stronger eviden ce that a chemical could be a potential human

carcinogen than “clear evidence” in only two species- one sex, or in two sexes-one species. Clear

evidence is stronger than some evidence and so me evidence stronger than equivocal evidence.

EPA took these distinctions into account wh en partitioning chemicals based on their NTP

categorical cancer data.

The NCI was responsible for conducting cancer studies for the U.S. Public Health Service prior

to the formation of the NTP. They used a simpler system (NTP, 2005) by reporting results from

cancer bioassays as either positive (P), negati ve (N) or equivocal (E). The NCI findings are

reported in the NTP database. NCI Studies were also conducted in both sexes for rats and mice.

The studies with positive results in both species and both sexes are those that present the highest

level of concern regarding the potential for human carcinogenicity.

The DBP-CAN data grouping within the EPA Distri buted Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) database is a compilation of projections on carcinogenic potential, of an assortment of

unregulated DBPs, derived from QSAR modeli ng and expert judgment. The chemicals are

categorized according to the estimated probability that they will cause cancer from high (H) to

unlikely (L) with intermediary probabilities of high moderate (HM), moderate (M), low

moderate (LM) and marginal (Mar).

EPA placed the qualitative and quantitative data for carcinogenici ty of chemicals only in the

upper three toxicity categories. Carcinogens are no t generally considered as having low toxicity.

The cancer screening criteria are based on USEPA, IARC, and NTP cancer groupings for

screening rather than the cancer slope factors because many chemicals are categorized for cancer

Page 10 of 21

# Exhibit 7: Partitio ning of Cancer Dat a Based on TD 50



# V

a lues and W e ight of Evidence

TD 50 

## EPA IARC

/HC NTP NCI DSS-Tox

Toxicity

Category 1 <0.1 Group A;

Hu m a n

Carcinogen Group 1 CE 2 species/2

sexes; or 2

species ; or 2

sexes P 2 species /2

sexes; or 2

species ; or 2

sexes H

Toxicity

Category 2 0.1 -

100 Groups B1 and

B2; like l y carcinogens Group 2A Com binations

of CE, SE, EE,

and NE Com b inatio ns

of P, E and N HM

Toxicity

Category 3 >100 Group C;

Suggestive

evidence of

carcinogenicity Group 2B Com binations

of SE, EE, a nd

NE Com b inatio ns

of E and N M and

LM

** Cancer da ta plac ed chem ica l s in onl y th e thr e e high est Toxicity C a tegories



## CE = clear evidence, S E = som e evidence, EE = equivocal evidence, N E = no evidence

P= positiv e, N= Negativ e, E = equiv o cal

H = high probability, H M= high to m e dium probab ility, M = m edium probability, L M = m edium to

low probability

EPA-OGWDW Final CCL 3 Chemicals: EPA 815-R-09-007

Screening to a PCCL August 2009



## but do not have cancer slope factors. Therefore use of the categorical data is more inclusive than

use of slope-factor data.

An exception to using the categor ical data for the screening fo r the cancer endpoint is the TD 50



## data. The TD 50 

## data set includes quantitativ e estimates of cancer risk for some chemicals that are

not in the other data sets, and thus they will be used in screening in cases where no categorical

cancer data elements are available.

EPA partitioned the cancer-related data elements in the Universe as described in Exhibit 7.

Quantitative measures of dose-response for carcin ogenicity will be used in scoring the Potency

attribute for potential carcinoge ns in the PCCL to CCL process (see the PCCL to CCL Report,

USEPA, 2009b) but not in screening at the Universe level.

The U.S. EPA Groups D and E, “Insufficient Evid ence” and “Not Likely ” descriptors, as well as

the IARC Group 3 and 4 or Health Canada Groups IV or V, are not used when partitioning the

categorical data elements as described in Exhibit 7. The DSS-Tox, “unlikely” and TD 50, 

## “NP”

field entries are also not used. EPA’s decision is based on the prem ise that low toxicity concerns

related to low tumorigenic pr operties do not mean there is no systemic toxicity for a

contaminant. In these cases, other no n-cancer data were used for screening.

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# 2.4 Combining the Data Elements for Screening

As discussed in this report, there are a variety of data elements available in the Universe that can

be used to screen for adverse health effects. To avoid favoring chemicals with rich data sets, the

EPA evaluated all available dose-re sponse and categorical data elements for a given chemical in

the screening process. When each of the data el ements for a given chemical is placed in the

screening framework, the most conservative health effects category is id entified. Accordingly, if

there is just one data element that places a chemi cal in Toxicity Category 1 it will be categorized

as such even if some of the other data elements for that same chemical place it a lower toxicity

category. For example, if a chemical is classified as a 2A carcinogen by IARC it will be placed

in Toxicity Category 2 even if its LOAEL from a different study places it in Toxicity Category 3.

Exhibit 8 includes several examples drawn from th e Universe of chemicals that have either one

or multiple available potency data elements. The data elements used to evaluate the chemicals

are bolded.



# Exhibit 8: Examples of Potency Data Elements for the Selected

Chemical Drawn from the Universe

Chemical Toxicity

Category 1 Toxicity

Category 2 Toxicity

Category 3 Toxicity

Category 4 Toxicity

Category 5



## 4-Biphenylamine Group 1 TD 50



## Hexane LD 50 

## RfD-eq

Methylazoxymethanol acetate Group 2B

Molybdenum oxide NTP

3-hydroxycarbofuran LD 50 

## Methylenediphenol LOAEL LD 50



## BMX-1 DBP-CAN

Primiphos methyl NOAEL RfD-eq

LOAEL LD 50



## LOAEL

Four of the contam inants in Exhibit 8 have more than one health effects data element. Each

health effects data element for a chemical will be used for the screening process but the one data

element demonstrating the highest potency in co mbination with its measure of occurrence will

determine if it is selected for the PCCL. Fo r example, 4-biphenylamine falls in Toxicity

Category 1 because it has an IARC Gr oup 1 classification even though its TD 50 

## places it in

Toxicity Category 2. Hexane falls in Toxicity Category 4 based on its LD 50 

## value even though its

RfD-eq value would place it in Toxicity Category 5.

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# 3.0 Occurrence Data Elements

EPA found that data elements representing a chemi cal’s potential to occur in drinking water vary

greatly in terms of the occurrence factor they re present. The goal was to determine which data

elements best represented the potential to occur in drinking water. EPA considered and evaluated

data elements in the following categories:

 Finished Water – measures concentr ation and frequency of detections

 Ambient Water – measures concentra tion and frequency of detections

 Total Releases in the Environment – meas ures pounds per year and number of states

 Pesticide Application Rates – measures pounds per year and number of states

 Production volume – measures pounds per year

In addition to evaluating quantitative data el ements, EPA also analyzed chemicals with

descriptive data based upon thei r likelihood of occurring in drinking water. Examples of these

types of chemicals include disinfection byproducts and drinking water treatment additives. The

following sections describe the occurrence categories and how EPA utilized them in the

development of the screening criteria.

To analyze the occurrence data and develop the screen ing criteria, EPA assembled a diagnostic

test set of approximately 200 chemicals. Some of these chemicals were selected from past CCLs

and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWRs), and some were randomly pulled

from the Universe of contaminants considered for the draft CCL 3. Most of them had data on

concentrations in water, environmental rel ease and production, and as such constituted a

relatively complete set of occurrence data elements.



# 3.1 Finished Water Data

Using the Universe as a starting point, EPA considered data elem ents that are readily available

for chemicals in finished water. The finished water data elements are from the National

Contaminant Occurrence Database (unregulated contaminant monitoring) Rounds 1 and 2, the

National Inorganic Radionuclides Survey, the Un regulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation

monitoring, the Information Collection Rule databa se for DBPs, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Pesticide Data Program (PDP), and Pesticides Pilot Monitoring Program (PPMP) (USGS and

USEPA).

The finished water data elements evaluated include:

 percent of samples with detections,

 percent of public water sy stems with detections,

 median concentration of detections,

 mean concentration of detections, and

 maximum concentration of detections.

The median, mean, and maximum concentration va lues are based on analytical detections only.

Non-detections were not included in these concentration measure calculations. In both the data

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## sets for finished and ambient water (Section 3.2), some chemicals had no detections at any of the

sites surveyed. Some data sets included mea n, median, and maximum values whereas others

included only one or two of the data elements.

For screening purposes, EPA determined that the concentration data were the most appropriate

data elements because they have a more direct relationship with dose-response than the detection

frequency. The concentration data ranged from <0.1  g/L to >10,000  g/L. The range was

subdivided using powers of ten. Some chemicals ha d finished water data available from multiple

sources; in those cases, the highest value was used for the purposes of screening.

Using the toxicity categories EPA arrayed 107 chemicals with finished water data based on their

toxicity data elements and their median concentr ation in finished water as shown in Exhibit 9.

This Exhibit illustrates the distribution of ch emicals across the categories. EPA developed

additional analyses that focused on the specifi c chemicals within the different occurrence

categories to set the screening criteria.



# Exhibit 9: Number of Chemicals with Median Concentrations

Distributed through the Screeni ng Framework by Health Effects

Category

Health Effects Categories Occurrence - Finished Water - Median (μg/L)

0­

<0.1 0.1­

<1 1­

<10 10­

<100 100­

<1,000 1K­

<10K ≥ 10K Totals

Toxicit y Cate g or y 1 1 7 22 0 4 1 0 35

Toxicit y Cate g or y 2 0 5 15 8 0 0 0 28

Toxicit y Cate g or y 3 0 8 16 3 0 0 1 28

Toxicit y Cate g or y 4 0 4 6 0 1 0 1 12

Toxicit y Cate g or y 5 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 4

Total 1 25 61 12 5 1 2 107

Exhibit 9 shows that about 82% (87 of 107) of the chem icals w ith finished water data have

median concentrations less than 10 μg/L, a concentr ation that is not of hi gh concern for Toxicity

Category 3 to Toxicity Category 5 chemicals. This grouping would have a maximum drinking

water equivalent level (DWEL) of ≥ 40 μg/L based on an RfD of 0.001 (see Section 4.1 for

additional information). However, these same con centrations for finished water are of greater

concern for chemicals with Toxicity Category 1 and Toxicity Category 2 RfDs. These types of

analyses helped EPA evaluate the effectiveness of the screening framework as a tool to separate

chemicals of high concern from those of low concern, especially for chemicals with finished

water data.

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# 3.2 Ambient Water Data

EPA obtained data on ambient water values from the United States Geological Survey (USGS)

National Water Quality Assessment Program ( NAWQA), the USGS National Reconnaissance of

Emerging Contaminants (NREC), and the PPMP. The NAWQA data include all the nationwide

data from Cycle 1 of NAWQA, which encompasses data collected from 1992 to 2001. The

NRECs database includes occurr ence data collected by the US GS Toxic Substances Hydrology

Program from 1999 to 2001 in samples from 142 st reams, 55 wells, and seven effluent samples

from 36 states. The PPMP data includes pesticid e concentrations in water, and the sampling

methods include 178 different pestic ides and degradation products.

The ambient water data elements analyzed include:

 percent of samples with detections,

 percent of sites w ith detections,

 median concentration of detections,

 mean concentration of detections, and

 maximum concentration of detections.

As was the case for finished water, the me dian, mean, and maximum values are based on

analytical detections only. Non-de tections were not included in the concentration datasets. The

subdivisions for the data were developed by firs t determining the range of available ambient

water concentration data, and then partitioning the range by powers of ten. In this case, the

concentration data ranged from <0.01  g/L (for all concentr ation data) to >10,000  g/L. One of

the data sources, NREC, did not contain mean or maximum concentration data, so it was only

represented in the percent of samples, percen t of sites, and median concentrations. EPA

developed matrices similar to Exhi bit 9 for all of the ambient water data elements using the set of

200 diagnostic chemicals.



# 3.3 Environmental Release Data

The environmental release data are those repor ted for 2002 from the Toxics Release Inventory

(TRI) and the National Pesticide Use Database, as created by the National Center for Food and

Agricultural Policy (NCFAP). The most recent ve rsion of the NCFAP database was released in

2000, and reflects pesticide use in 1997.

The environmental release data elements considered include:

 total releases to the environment (lbs/yr)

 number of states with total releases

 pesticide application (lbs/yr)

 number of states with pesticide application

As was the case for the finished and ambient water data, EPA chose to use the data on the

pounds per year released to the environment for scr eening rather than the nu mber of states with

releases. The subdivisions used for release data were developed by first de termining the range of

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## release values represented by the data, and then partitioning the range based on powers of ten. In

this case, the release data ranged from less than 10 pounds per year to greater than 10 million

pounds per year. EPA developed matrices similar to Exhibit 9 for all of the environmental

release data elements.



# 3.4 Production Data

The data used to assess production volume ar e the Toxic Substances Control Act chemical

production volume ranges reported under the Chem ical Update System/Inventory Update Rule

(CUS/IUR). EPA used the most recent year of da ta available for each particular chemical. Every

chemical on EPA’s High Production Vo lume list is also in the CUS/IUR data source. Therefore,

CUS/IUR is the primary source for production data.

CUS/IUR reports chemical producti on data as ranges rather than as exact values. Therefore, EPA

chose to use those ranges as the subdivisions for the production occurrence data. The production

data ranges from less than 10,000 lbs/yr to greater than 1 billion lbs/yr. EPA developed matrices

similar to Exhibit 9 for all of the pr oduction data on the test set chemicals.



# 3.5 Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) and Drinking Water Treatment

Chemicals

EPA recognized that two groupings of chemicals have water o ccurrence even in cases where

quantitative data were not availa ble: the DBPs from the DSS-T ox data source and the treatment

chemicals from NSF Standard 60. In many cases th ere were finished water data or production

data for some of these chemicals, but some of the chemicals lacked quantitative data. Among the

Universe of chemicals that lacked the prefe rred data elements, both the DBPs and treatment

chemicals have a strong potential to be present in drinking wa ter. Accordingly, EPA is moving

chemicals in these two categorie s forward to the PCCL for furt her evaluation, even when limited

health effects or occurrence information are available.



# 3.6 Combining the Data Elements for Screening

EPA selected the occurrence data elements for screening based upon their presence in the

universe and their suitability as a screening to ol. Analyses were performed to see if the

occurrence could be correlated across the various data elements. The diagnostic chemicals were

used for the correlation analysis since most had data for the following data elements: mean,

median, or maximum concentrations in finished and/or ambient water, amount released to the

environment, and production volume. The analyses with the diagnostic chemicals demonstrated a

limited correlation across the data elements. A chemical with a high release to the environment

did not necessarily occur in finished or ambient wa ter at a high concentration or even have a high

frequency of detections. As a result, EPA deci ded to apply the occurrence screening data

elements in a hierarchical manner.

Chemicals known to occur in finished or am bient water occupy the highest position in the

hierarchy and are most representative of a chem ical’s potential to occur in drinking water.

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## Environmental releases and producti on are less reflective of a chem ical's potential to occur in

drinking water. Accordingly, EPA se lected the following hierarchy:

Finished Water = Ambient Water > Environmental Release Data > Production Data.



## EPA also decided that when multiple values exist for the chemicals within a given component of

the hierarchy, the most conserva tive would be used as the oc currence screening element. For

example, in the case of a chemical that has finished water data and ambient water data, the

highest available numerical concen tration value would be selected as the occurrence screening

data element.



# 4.0 Criteria for Selecting a PCCL

The last step in the screening process was to use the intersections betw een health effects and

occurrence data elements to esta blish the criteria for moving chem icals from the Universe to a

PCCL. EPA grouped the Universe of chemicals that had values for health effects and occurrence

data elements using the screening framework described in Section 1.0. Because the chemicals

would be evaluated using a hierar chical approach for their occurrence elements, separate criteria

were developed for each of the occurrence elements.

To test the criteria, EPA used the set of 200 di agnostic chemicals. As st ated in Section 3.0, the

set of diagnostic contaminants included some chemicals regulated thr ough NPDWRs, some from

past CCLs, and a few drawn from the Universe becau se they had fairly complete data for all of

the occurrence data elements. The selected regulat ed chemicals represented the characteristics of

chemicals that the scre ening process should move to the P CCL. Accordingly, the locations of

these chemicals in the completed screening framewor k were used to assist in placing the barrier

separating those chemical contaminants that woul d move to the PCCL from those that would not

be further evaluated. The series of criteria are described in the following sections and

summarized in Appendix 1.



# 4.1 Finished and Ambient Water Concentration Data

As mentioned earlier, the finished and ambient water data are those most representative of

contaminants likely to be found in drinking wate r. For this reason EPA scrutinized these data

elements more closely than the other occurren ce data elements. Initially, the placement of the

bold black line on Exhibit 10 was positioned so that it would move the regulated chemicals and

most of the past CCL chemicals to the PCCL. Past CCL contaminants that remained in the

Universe and did not pass on to th e PCCL (fell to the gray side of the black line) were ones

proven to be poor candidates for regulation.

The second tool used to evaluate the positi on of the black line was the DWEL. The DWEL is

calculated by multiplying the RfD in mg/kg/da y by an adult body weight of 70 kg and dividing

by a drinking water intake of 2 L/day (rounded to one significant figure). The RfD is a dose that

is estimated to be without adverse effects for ev en sensitive populations. It includes a margin of

safety in the form of a composite uncertainty fact or. Most often, the uncertainty factor is a value

of 100, 300, 1000 or 3000. For this exercise, the DW EL was derived from the lower RfD value

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## in each Toxicity Category (See Exhibit 4) and th en positioned in the appropriate toxicity and

occurrence cell of the framework.

Since all Toxicity Category 1 contaminants ar e moved to the PCCL, it is the DWELs for the

Toxicity Category 2 to Toxicity Category 5 groupings that are of interest for this analysis. The

calculated DWELs for the four toxicity categories of interest are as follows:

 Toxicity Category 2 – 4 μg/L

 Toxicity Category 3 – 40 μg/L

 Toxicity Category 4 – 2,000 μg/L

 Toxicity Category 5 – 4,000 μg/L

As shown in Exhibit 10 by the asterisk in the cells, three of the four DWELs fall in the drinking

water concentration range of the first cell that moves to the PCCL. The DWEL for the Toxicity

Category 4 grouping is one unit above the divider. This analysis combined with the positions of

the chemicals in the o ccurrence test set of chemicals prov ided support for th e position of the

PCCL selection line for finished and ambient water.



# Exhibit 10: Criteria for Screening Health Effects and Water Categories

Screening Health

Effects Categories Occurrence – Finished Water – Concentration (  g/L)

0-<0.1 0.1-<1 1-<10 10-<100 100­

<1,000 1K-<10K ≥ 10K

Toxicity Category 1

Toxicity Category 2 *

Toxicity Category 3 *

Toxicity Category 4 *

Toxicity Category 5 *



# 4.2 Environmental Release Data

EPA used total releases to the environment (TRI) and pesticide application rate data to develop

the criteria for this category. To aid in setting the limits for the release category, EPA started

with criteria used to develop the first CCL (CCL 1): that a chemical had to be released in

quantities greater than 400,000 lbs/yr to surface waters. EPA found that this CCL 1 criterion was

too stringent and only a few chemicals would ha ve moved to the PCCL. Accordingly EPA used

the positions of the test set chemicals to positi on the Universe to PCCL barrier. The criterion for

moving a chemical with environmental release da ta to the PCCL is displayed in Exhibit 11.

Chemicals with environmental releases a bove the non-shaded area move to the PCCL.

Chemicals in the shaded area stay in the Universe.

Page 18 of 21

# Exhibit 11: Criteria for Screening Health Effects and

Environmental Release Categories

Screening Health

Effects Categories Occurrence – Environmental Release Category –

Total Environmental Releases (lbs/year)

0 - <10 10 -

<100 100 -<1K 1K -

<10K 10K -

<100K 100K<1M 1M -

<10M ≥ 10M



## Toxicity Category 1

Toxicity Category 2

Toxicity Category 3

Toxicity Category 4

Toxicity Category 5



# Exhibit 12: Criteria for Screening Health Effects and

Production Categories

Screening Health

Effects Categories Occurrence - Production Category (lbs/year)

<10K 10K500K >500K1M >1M10M >10M50M >50M100M >100M500M >500M

-1B >1B



## Toxicity Category 1

Toxicity Category 2

Toxicity Category 3

Toxicity Category 4

Toxicity Category 5 EPA-OGWDW **Final CCL 3 Chemicals:** EPA 815-R-09-007

Screening to a PCCL August 2009



# 4.3 Production Data

Similar to the release category, EPA started with the criteria used to develop CCL 1 that a

chemical be produced in quantities greater than 1 billion lbs/yr. EPA decided that the CCL 1

guideline was too restrictive and pr oposed criteria that are less stringent for screening at this

stage of the process. The criterion for moving a chemical, with production data, to the PCCL is

displayed in Exhibit 12. Chemical s above the line move to the PCCL. Chemicals in the shaded

areas remain in the CCL Universe.

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# 4.4 DBPS and Drinking Water Additives

The DBPs and drinking water additives that lack ed quantitative occurrence data but fell in the

Toxicity Category 1 or Toxicity Category 2 grou pings based on their toxicity were added to the

PCCL because of their high probability for bei ng present in disinfected and treated drinking

water.



# 5.0 Efficacy of the Framework as a Screening Tool

The proposed screening approach provides a data -driven, objective, and transparent process for

selecting the PCCL from the Universe. Chemicals are screened based on their data elements and

not based on their names or CAS numbers for th e initial PCCL screen. All Toxicity Category 1

chemicals are captured no matter what the occu rrence data element. The occurrence threshold

required for the PCCL selection become less incl usive as the contaminant toxicity decreases.

Once the initial screening is complete, the names of the PCCL chemicals are apparent. After the

initial screen, quality assura nce measures were applied. EPA then conducted a detailed

examination of decisions that placed chemicals close to the borderline.

The screening approach on the CCL 3 Universe selected 561 chemical contaminants from the

approximately 6,000 chemicals in the CCL 3 Univ erse that were scr eened. (This includes

contaminant information that was compiled as part of EPA’s nominations and surveillance

process and submitted in the public comments on the draft CCL 3.) Appendix 2 shows the

contaminants that moved to the PCCL for additional consideration and the data used in their

screening.

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# 6.0 References

Health Canada. 2005. What is an LD 50 

## and LC 50 

## . Canadian Center for Occupational Health and

Safety. Ontario Canada. Available at. http: //www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/chemicals/ld50.html

Hodge, H.C. and J.H. Sterner. 1956. Combined tabulation of toxicity classes. In: Spector, W.S.,

ed. Handbook of toxicology, Philadel phia, W.B. Saunders Company, Vol. 1.

International Toxicity Estimates for Risk (I TER). 2006. ITER Definitions (Classification).

Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH.

Available at: http://www/iter.ctcnet.net/publicurl.glossary.html

National Drinking Water Advisory Committee (N DWAC). 2004. CCL Classification Process.

Report from the NDWAC to the U.S. Environm ental Protection Agency Office of Ground Water

and Drinking Water. May 19.

National Toxicology Program (NTP). 2005. Manage ment Status Report Produced from the NTP

Chemtrack System. Central Data Management (EC-03) National Institute of Environmental

Health Services, Research Triangle Park, NC.

USEPA. 1986. United States Environmental Prot ection Agency. Guidelines for carcinogen risk

assessment. Fed. Reg. 51(185):33992-34003.

USEPA. 2005. United States Environmental Protect ion Agency. Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk

Assessment. EPA/630/P-03/001B. Risk A ssessment Forum, Washington, DC.

USEPA. 2009a. Final Contaminant Candidate List 3 Chemicals: Identifying the Universe. EPA

815-R-09-006. August 2009.

USEPA. 2009b. Final Contaminant Candidate List 3 Chemicals: Classification of PCCL to the

CCL. EPA 815-R-09-008. August 2009.

USEPA. 2009c. Summary of Nomi nations for the Third Contam inant Candidate List. EPA-815­

R-09-011. August 2009.

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# 7.0 Appendices

Appendix 1. Criteria for Selecting the PCCL

Contains the series of criteria used to select the PCCL from the CCL Chemical Universe.

This criterion is based upon the following hierarc hy: Concentrations in Water > Releases to

the Environment > Production



## Concentrations in Water

Toxicity Category 1 chemicals with any concentration

Toxicity Category 2 chemicals with concentrations ≥ 1  g/l

Toxicity Category 3 chemicals with concentrations ≥ 10  g/l

Toxicity Category 4 chemicals with concentrations ≥ 100  g/l

Toxicity Category 5 chemicals with concentrations ≥ 1000  g/l



## Releases to the Environment

Toxicity Category 1 chemical s with any amount released

Toxicity Category 2 chemical s with releases/application ≥ 10,000 lbs/yr

Toxicity Category 3 chemical s with releases/application ≥ 100,000 lbs/yr

Toxicity Category 4 chemical s with releases/application ≥ 1 M lbs/yr

Toxicity Category 5 chemical s with releases/application ≥ 10 M lbs/yr



## Production

Toxicity Category 1 chemicals with any amount produced

Toxicity Category 2 chemicals production volumes > 500,000 lbs/yr

Toxicity Category 3 chemicals with production volumes > 10 M lbs/yr

Toxicity Category 4 chemicals with production volumes > 50 M lbs/yr

Toxicity Category 5 chemicals with production volumes > 100 M lbs/yr

A1-1EPA-OGWDW Final CCL 3 Chemicals: EPA 815-R-09-007

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# Appendix 2. Chemicals Passing Screening to the PCCL

The following table in Appendix 2 presents the CA SRN, names of the contaminants listed on the

PCCL, and the health effects and occurrence data el ements that were used in their screening. The

data elements are described in the text of this report.

For the Health Effects Data Element, Cancer St udies NTP, the Value is shown as the National

Toxicology Program multi-species results (NTPMS R), representing the more detailed criteria

and data used to derive the Toxicity Screening Category. They are described in detail in the text.

For the Occurrence data elements, the Release data may be either national TRI data or pesticide

application data. The notation “FW/AW” indicates the data are finished or ambient water data.

Also noted, for some pesticide degradates, da ta from the parent compound were used for

screening; for some contaminants supplemen tal data, compiled in the nominations and

surveillance process were also used.

Further data and information for the contaminan ts are available on the Contaminant Information

Sheets available in the CCL 3 water docket.

A2-1EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValue5989275 (d)-LimoneneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Median Value (ug/L)1.0100641 (Hydroxyimino)cyclohexaneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)17.9 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M630206 1,1,1,2-TetrachloroethaneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)18918003 1,1,1-TrichloropropanoneCancer ClassLMToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)16.9779345 1,1,2,2-TetrachloroethaneReference Dose (RfD)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)20075343 1,1-DichloroethaneCancer Classification, EPACToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)500119642 1,2,3,4-TetrahydronaphthaleneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,860mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M87616 1,2,3-TrichlorobenzeneTolerable Daily Intake (TDI)0.0015 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1596184 1,2,3-TrichloropropaneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)3,00095943 1,2,4,5-TetrachlorobenzeneReference Dose (RfD)0.0003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M95636 1,2,4-TrimethylbenzeneTD504,350mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)260122667 1,2-DiphenylhydrazineRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.00001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0106876 1,2-Epoxy-4-(epoxyethyl)cyclohexane Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K106990 1,3-ButadieneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1,964,956542927 1,3-CyclopentadieneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)113mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M77485 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.44 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500K - 1M542756 1,3-DichloropropeneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)3999627 1,3-DiisopropylbenzeneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.25 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M99650 1,3-DinitrobenzeneReference Dose (RfD)0.0001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)528,962105113 1,4-Benzoquinone dioximeCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500K - 1M110634 1,4-ButanediolNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)200 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1B110656 1,4-ButynediolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M105088 1,4-CyclohexanedimethanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,600mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M123911 1,4-DioxaneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)821,0674904614 1,5,9-CyclododecatrieneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,780mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M2432997 11-Aminoundecanoic acidCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M57910 17alpha-estradiolAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.07481492 1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K71363 1-ButanolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)17,648,846112301 1-DecanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)4,720mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M112538 1-DodecanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,170mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M111706 1-HeptanolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.0251 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500K - 1M592416 1-HexeneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)1,000mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1B71410 1-PentanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)200mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M71238 1-PropanolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)600 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M2439352 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl acrylateNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)4 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M96139 2,3-DibromopropanolCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K95954 2,4,5-TrichlorophenolNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)0.3 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)18,87988062 2,4,6-TrichlorophenolCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0105679 2,4-DimethylphenolReference Dose (RfD)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)168,99251285 2,4-DinitrophenolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.0006 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.0121142 2,4-DinitrotolueneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)33395807 2,4-ToluenediamineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)11,83495874 2,5-XylenolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)383mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M576261 2,6-DimethylphenolReference Dose (RfD)0.0006 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M87627 2,6-XylidineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)5,25696297 2-Butanone oximeNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)4 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M78897 2-Chloro-1-propanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)100mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1BToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRNA2-2EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN645625 2-Ethyl-3-propylacroleinLethal Dose 50 (LD50)3,000mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M123057 2-EthylhexanalLethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,600mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M149575 2-Ethylhexanoic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)885 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M104767 2-EthylhexanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,053mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1B26266682 2-EthylhexenalLethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,005mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M103117 2-Ethylhexyl acrylateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)3 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M7659861 2-Ethylhexyl thioglycolateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)303mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M818611 2-Hydroxyethyl acrylateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)300mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M149304 2-MercaptobenzothiazoleTD50344 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)644,590109864 2-MethoxyethanolReference Dose (RfD)0.001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)153,77478784 2-MethylbutaneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)357.1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B109068 2-MethylpyridineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.0099 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)27,83991598 2-NaphthalenamineCancer Classification, IARC1Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)5135193 2-NaphthalenolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.437 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M79469 2-NitropropaneCancer Classification, EPAB2Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)25,344127060 2-Propanone oximeTD5012.1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M107186 2-Propen-1-olLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.05 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)604,872616455 2-PyrrolidoneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)328mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M1948330 2-tert-ButylhydroquinoneMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)0.2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M91941 3,3'-DichlorobenzidineRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000022 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)2612828 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine dihydrochloride Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K760236 3,4-Dichloro-1-buteneNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M3401807 3,6-Dichlorosalicylic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)3 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M132059531 3-Bromo-4-(dibromomethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (BMX-3)Cancer class onlyHMToxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.04563473 3-Chloro-2-methyl-1-propeneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)6,635132059519 3-Chloro-4-(bromochloromethyl)-5-hydroxy2(5H)-furanone (BMX-1)Cancer class onlyHMToxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.17132059520 3-Chloro-4-(dibromomethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (BMX-2)Cancer class onlyHMToxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.0316655826 3-HydroxycarbofuranLethal Dose 50 (LD50)7mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)66.3108996 3-MethylpyridineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)400mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M100549 3-PyridinecarbonitrileNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M553264 4,4'-BipyridineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)172mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M101804 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl etherCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)98580079 4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfoneReference Dose (RfD)0.005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M101611 4,4'-Methylenebis(N,Ndimethyl)benzenamineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K101688 4,4'-Methylenedi(phenyl isocyanate) Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,200mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M101779 4,4'-MethylenedianilineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)4.3 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)168,91992671 4-AminobiphenylCancer Classification, IARC1Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1101542 4-AminodiphenylamineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)150 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M95830 4-Chloro-1,2-diaminobenzeneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K5216251 4-ChlorobenzotrichlorideCancer Classification, EPAB2Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M123422 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanoneNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)30 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M108112 4-Methyl-2-pentanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,600mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M6610293 4-Methyl-3-thiosemicarbazideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)14mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10MA2-3EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN98533 4-tert-ButylcyclohexanoneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)5,000mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1B100403 4-VinylcyclohexeneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M95794 5-Chloro-o-toluidineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K16219753 5-Ethylidene-2-norborneneNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)4 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M99592 5-Nitro-o-anisidineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K99558 5-Nitro-o-toluidineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)25571751412 AbamectinLethal Dose 50 (LD50)2mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)14,96530560191 AcephateLowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL)0.12 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)2,467,74475070 AcetaldehydeCancer Classification, EPAB2Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)14,683,89079027 Acetaldehyde, dichloro-Dichloroacetaldehyde Cancer ClassMToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1460355 AcetamideTD50180 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)1,202,667103902 AcetaminophenTD50495 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1064197 Acetic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)1.47 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B108247 Acetic anhydrideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,780mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B34256821 AcetochlorReference Dose (RfD)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)30.4187022113 Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) Reference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AWParent184992444 Acetochlor oxanilic acid (OA)Reference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AWParent67641 AcetoneNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)100 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1,80675865 Acetone cyanohydrinReference Dose (RfD)0.0008 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)106,96175058 AcetonitrileReference Dose (RfD)0.006 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)12,784,367107028 AcroleinReference Dose (RfD)0.0005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)3.479107 Acrylic acidNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)53 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)6,817,569107131 AcrylonitrileRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000019 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)7,925,644124049 Adipic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)4,000mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B111693 AdiponitrileLethal Dose 50 (LD50)22mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B142363539 Alachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA)Reference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AWParent171262172 Alachlor oxanilic acid (OA)Reference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AWParent309002 AldrinReference Dose (RfD)0.00003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)4.496242 alpha-ChlorohydrinLethal Dose 50 (LD50)26mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M319846 alpha-HexachlorocyclohexaneRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000002 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.2198851 alpha-MethylbenzenemethanolTD50458 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B98839 alpha-MethylstyreneReference Dose (RfD)0.07 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M834128 AmetrynReference Dose (RfD)0.009 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)446,54633089611 AmitrazNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.25 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)137,3977664417 AmmoniaLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)6.2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)34,0001111780 Ammonium carbamateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)681mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B7783188 Ammonium thiosulfateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,098mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M64285069 Anatoxin-aReference Dose (RfD)0.0005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AWSupplemental62533 AnilineCancer Classification, EPAB2Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)937,263142041 Aniline hydrochlorideCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K100663 AnisoleLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.65 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500K - 1M50782 AspirinLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.0021 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K492808 AuramineCancer Classification, IARC1Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)086500 Azinphos-methylLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.91 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)3.37741582 BensulideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)271mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)546,600A2-4EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN25057890 BentazonReference Dose (RfD)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)11.46100527 BenzaldehydeTD501,490mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M92875 BenzidineRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000000043 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)83271896 BenzofuranCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K65850 Benzoic acidNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)34 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M95147 BenzotriazoleLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.60 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M98077 BenzotrichlorideRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.0000008 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)745100516 Benzyl alcoholMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M100447 Benzyl chlorideRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.00006 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)18,750108601 Bis(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) etherCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)883111444 Bis(2-chloroethyl) etherRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.0000091 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)478577117 Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M542881 Bis(chloromethyl) etherRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000000045 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)080057 Bisphenol A -- BPALowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)2.5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)127440428 BoronMinimal Risk Level (MRL)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)3,950314409 BromacilCancer Classification, EPACToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)577726956 BromineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)440mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)381,257108861 BromobenzeneReference Dose (RfD)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)4083463621 Bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN)Cancer class onlyMToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)13.474964 BromoethaneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500K - 1M109740 ButanenitrileLethal Dose 50 (LD50)28mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500K - 1M85687 Butyl benzyl phthalateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M25013165 Butylated hydroxyanisoleLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.25 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Median Value (ug/L)1.2107926 Butyric acidLethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,000mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M106310 Butyric anhydrideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)8,790mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M6459945 C.I. Acid Red 114, disodium saltCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K2429745 C.I. Direct Blue 15Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500K - 1M28407376 C.I. Direct Blue 218Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)2,6092832408 C.I. Disperse Yellow 3Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)05160021 C.I. Pigment Red 53, barium salt (2:1) Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M842079 C.I. Solvent Yellow 14Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K471341 Calcium carbonateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)60,000mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M1305620 Calcium hydroxideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)7,300mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M1592230 Calcium octadecanoateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)10,000mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M105602 CaprolactamNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)50 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B133062 CaptanCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)4,001,52363252 CarbarylLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.23 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)33.510605217 CarbendazimLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.59 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M75150 Carbon disulfideMinimal Risk Level (MRL)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)34120809 CatecholTD5084.7 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)35,91175694 CFC-11Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)349 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1,44475718 CFC-12No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)15 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)404.9302170 Chloral hydrateTD50106 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)92.214866683 ChlorateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)2,234A2-5EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN115286 Chlorendic acidCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)054593838 ChlorethoxyfosLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.05 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)253,345107200 ChloroacetaldehydeTD5036.1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)2.479049 Chloroacetyl chlorideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)208mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M510156 ChlorobenzilateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)575003 ChloroethaneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)288.274873 Chloromethane (Methyl chloride)Reference Dose (RfD)0.004 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)550107302 Chloromethyl methyl etherCancer Classification, EPAAToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1,08525167800 ChlorophenolNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)0.3 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)43,43976062 ChloropicrinLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)32 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)13,912,578126998 ChloropreneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)925,0101897456 ChlorothalonilCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.71104552 CinnamaldehydeLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.21 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M77929 Citric acidMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)100 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M110429624 ClethodimAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)672,18981777891 ClomazoneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,369mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)2,536,7017440484 CobaltLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.04 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)684Cobalt compoundsLethal Dose 50 (LD50)150mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)6,910,81191645 CoumarinTD5013.9 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M1319773 CresolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)177 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)1,475,92915096523 CryoliteLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)23.1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)2,565,97080159 Cumene hydroperoxideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)382mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)443,722135206 CupferronCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)013752517 Cure-Rite 18TD5090.8 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M21725462 CyanazineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.98 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)160506774 Cyanogen chlorideReference Dose (RfD)0.05 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)20.6108805 Cyanuric acidNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)600 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M108770 Cyanuric chlorideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)350mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M113136779 CyclanilideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)208mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)177,474110827 CyclohexaneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)813mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)4,761,999108930 CyclohexanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,400mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)4,538,466108941 CyclohexanoneNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)462 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B108918 CyclohexylamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)11mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M68359375 CyfluthrinReference Dose (RfD)0.025 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)178,171143545908 CylindrospermopsinReference Dose (RfD)0.00003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AWSupplemental52315078 CypermethrinLethal Dose 50 (LD50)24.6mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)188,40366215278 CyromazineNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.75 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)14,3281861321 DacthalReference Dose (RfD)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)100Dacthal mono/di-acid degradateReference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1901163195 Decabromodiphenyl etherReference Dose (RfD)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)953,472541026 DecamethylcyclopentasiloxaneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)24,134mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M6190654 DesethylatrazineReference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AWParent1007289 DesisopropylatrazineReference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AWParent50997 D-GlucoseMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)100 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1BA2-6EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN142223 Diallyl glycol carbonateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)279mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M7398698 Diallyldimethylammonium chlorideLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)1,000mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M333415 DiazinonReference Dose (RfD)0.00009 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)19Diazinon oxygen analogReference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AWParent3252435 Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN)Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)2474953 DibromomethaneReference Dose (RfD)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)21.1683181 Dibutyltin dichlorideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)0.05mg/kg Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M818086 Dibutyltin oxideLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.17 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M99309 DichloranAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)189,0963018120 Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN)Cancer ClassLMToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)24.6594047 DichloroiodomethaneCancer ClassMToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1162737 DichlorvosRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.00003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)264115322 DicofolTD5032.9 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)788,527141662 DicrotophosReference Dose (RfD)0.0001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)360,51377736 DicyclopentadieneReference Dose (RfD)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)392,66860571 DieldrinReference Dose (RfD)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)5.6111422 DiethanolamineNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)20 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)1,396,76164675 Diethyl sulfateCancer Classification, IARC2AToxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)10,64425340174 DiethylbenzeneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.64 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M111466 Diethylene glycolTD501,660mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1B112345 Diethylene glycol monobutyl etherReference Dose (RfD)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M111400 DiethylenetriamineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)10 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M68479981 DiethyltoluenediamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)472mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M43222486 Difenzoquat methyl sulfateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)206mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)347,066101906 Diglycidyl resorcinol etherCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)155290647 DimethipinReference Dose (RfD)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)283,07660515 DimethoateReference Dose (RfD)0.0002 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)1,896,947868859 Dimethyl hydrogen phosphiteCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M112185 Dimethyl laurylamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)740mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M77781 Dimethyl sulfateCancer Classification, IARC2AToxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)10,221120616 Dimethyl terephthalateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B124403 DimethylamineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.347 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)618,88075785 DimethyldichlorosilaneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)800mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1B753731 Dimethyltin dichlorideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)73.9mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M25321146 DinitrotolueneRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.00001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)6,802122394 DiphenylamineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.83 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)414,131142847 DipropylamineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M25265718 Dipropylene glycolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)14,850mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M2764729 DiquatLethal Dose 50 (LD50)30mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)267,442928723 Disodium iminodiacetateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)8,070mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500M - 1B298044 DisulfotonReference Dose (RfD)0.00004 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)3.81330541 DiuronNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.63 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)23.327176870 Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acidLethal Dose 50 (LD50)650mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M2439103 DodineReference Dose (RfD)0.004 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)151,870115297 EndosulfanNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)0.7 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)1,604,700A2-7EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN759944 EPTCReference Dose (RfD)0.025 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)40517099 equileninAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.278474862 equilinAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.147114078 ErythromycinMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)66.7 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Supp66230044 EsfenvalerateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)325mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)229,38650282 Estradiol (17-beta estradiol)Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.2140670 EstragoleTD5051.8 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M50271 EstriolAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.05153167 EstroneAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.1264175 EthanolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)1.43 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B16672870 EthephonLowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL)0.5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)5,419,82557636 Ethinyl Estradiol (17-alpha ethynyl estradiol) Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)0.0005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.831563122 EthionReference Dose (RfD)0.0005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)505,63913194484 EthopropAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.0004 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1.95141786 Ethyl acetateMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)25 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M140885 Ethyl acrylateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)152,02475047 EthylamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)400mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M107211 Ethylene glycolTolerable Daily Intake (TDI)0.05 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)10,076,483111762 Ethylene glycol monobutyl etherLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)5.1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M75218 Ethylene oxideCancer Classification, IARC1Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)374,11096457 Ethylene thioureaReference Dose (RfD)0.00008 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)299107153 EthylenediamineReference Dose (RfD)0.09 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M60004 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acidLethal Dose 50 (LD50)30mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M22224926 FenamiphosReference Dose (RfD)0.00025 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)728,26613356086 Fenbutatin oxideAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)265,85614484641 FerbamAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)317,8192164172 FluometuronReference Dose (RfD)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)37.8144490 Fluoroacetic acidLethal Dose 50 (LD50)0.47mg/kg Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M72178020 FomesafenRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1,102,750944229 FonofosNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1.250000 FormaldehydeTD502.19 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)26,992,23423422539 Formetanate hydrochlorideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)18mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)134,82164186 Formic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)360 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)10,144,003110009 FuranCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M98011 FurfuralCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M96480 gamma-ButyrolactoneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)160.7 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M7440564 GermaniumLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.32 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)225.1111308 GlutaraldehydeLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.3 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M56815 GlycerineMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)999 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M556525 GlycidolCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K107222 GlyoxalLethal Dose 50 (LD50)200mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M74975 Halon 1011Reference Dose (RfD)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)21075887 HCFC-133aTD5087.3 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)56,25375456 HCFC-22Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)13.5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)7,075,769142825 HeptaneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)2,857mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500MA2-8EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN87683 HexachlorobutadieneReference Dose (RfD)0.0002 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1067721 HexachloroethaneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1,0154719044 Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-striazineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1.99mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M111499 HexahydroazepineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)20.7mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M822060 Hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)350mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M124094 HexamethylenediamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)750mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B100970 HexamethylenetetramineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)569mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M110543 HexaneReference Dose (RfD)0.06 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)39,844,8822691410 HMXLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.99 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>500K - 1M302012 HydrazineRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.0000033 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)165,4857647010 Hydrochloric acidLethal Dose 50 (LD50)900mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B6386385 Hydrocinnamic acid, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-, methyl esterLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)600 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M7783064 Hydrogen sulfideReference Dose (RfD)0.003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B123319 HydroquinoneTD5082.8 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)574,933868779 Hydroxyethyl methacrylateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)2.50 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M13463406 Iron pentacarbonylLethal Dose 50 (LD50)12mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)43,51778831 IsobutanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)74.1mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M115117 IsobuteneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B110190 Isobutyl acetateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)4,763mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M78820 IsobutyronitrileLethal Dose 50 (LD50)25mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M29590429 Isooctyl acrylateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)5,000mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M121915 Isophthalic acidLethal Dose 50 (LD50)10,400mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M78795 IsopreneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M67630 IsopropanolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)18 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B625558 Isopropyl formateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1.4mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M75310 IsopropylamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)111mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M6846500 Kodaflex txibNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)30 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M77501634 LactofenReference Dose (RfD)0.002 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)390,24078977 LactonitrileLethal Dose 50 (LD50)31mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M91465086 lambda-CyhalothrinLethal Dose 50 (LD50)56mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)321,9871335326 Lead acetateCancer Classification, EPABToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M330552 LinuronLowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL)0.63 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1.4554132 Lithium carbonateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.017 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)211,6617447418 Lithium chlorideLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.009 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K121755 MalathionNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.23 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)9.58108316 Maleic anhydrideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)390mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)769,446123331 Maleic hydrazideLowest Observed Effect Level (LOEL)500 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)2,147,846109773 MalononitrileReference Dose (RfD)0.0001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)854,03912427382 ManebReference Dose (RfD)0.005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)3,046,58594746 MCPAReference Dose (RfD)0.0005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)18.6108394 m-CresolCancer Classification, EPACToxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)374,903541731 m-DichlorobenzeneMinimal Risk Level (MRL)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)22.4108781 MelamineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M24307264 Mepiquat chlorideReference Dose (RfD)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)182,976A2-9EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN68111 Mercaptoacetic acidLethal Dose 50 (LD50)114mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M150505 MerphosReference Dose (RfD)0.00003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1272333 MestranolMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)0.00083 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.40779390 MethacrylamideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)451mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M79414 Methacrylic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M126987 MethacrylonitrileReference Dose (RfD)0.0001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)89,33010265926 MethamidophosReference Dose (RfD)0.00005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)967,69867561 MethanolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)3.1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)201,697,2783268493 MethionalLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1.52mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M16752775 MethomylLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)359052 MethotrexateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.00435 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)ND79209 Methyl acetateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)3,705mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B96333 Methyl acrylateReference Dose (RfD)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)206,48774839 Methyl bromide (Bromomethane)Reference Dose (RfD)0.001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)43598550 Methyl carbamateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M74931 Methyl mercaptanLethal Dose 50 (LD50)61mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B80626 Methyl methacrylateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.36 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)3,657,5671634044 Methyl tert-butyl etherTolerable Daily Intake (TDI)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)23,00074895 MethylamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)100mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M12108133 Methylcyclopentadienyl manganesetricarbonylLethal Dose 50 (LD50)8mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M93152 MethyleugenolCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K4553622 MethylglutaronitrileLethal Dose 50 (LD50)10mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M75796 MethyltrichlorosilaneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)800mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M9006422 MetiramAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)1,388,36351218452 MetolachlorCancer Classification, EPACToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)77.6171118095 Metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid (ESA) Reference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AWParent152019733 Metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA)Reference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AWParent21087649 MetribuzinLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.62 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)6.61101043372 Microcystin-LRReference Dose (RfD)0.000003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AWSupplemental2212671 MolinateNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)2007439987 MolybdenumLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.14 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)4,7331313275 Molybdenum trioxideCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)2,102,324105555 N,N'-DiethylthioureaCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K127195 N,N-DimethylacetamideMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)0.58 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M108010 N,N-DimethylethanolamineMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)15 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M300765 NaledNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)606,78191203 NaphthaleneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)906123864 n-Butyl acetateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)14,000mg/kg Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M97881 N-Butyl methacrylateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)3.57 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M126307 Neopentyl glycolNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)100 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M7440020 NickelCancer Classification, IARC1Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)666Nickel compoundsCancer Classification, IARC1Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)34,676,6697440031 NiobiumCancer Classification, EPAAToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M139139 Nitrilotriacetic acidCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)30,67998953 NitrobenzeneReference Dose (RfD)0.0005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)100A2-10EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN1836755 NitrofenCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)25,30055630 NitroglycerinLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.008 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)55,97975525 NitromethaneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M872504 N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidoneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)120 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Release (lbs/yr)6,311,503924425 N-MethylolacrylamideCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)12,30655185 N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)Risk Specific Dose (RSD)0.00000007 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1,00062759 N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)Reference Dose (RfD)0.000008 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AWDBP924163 N-Nitroso-di-n-butylamine (NDBA)Risk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000002 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)5621647 N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine (NDPA) Risk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)50686306 N-NitrosodiphenylamineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1410595956 N-Nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA) Risk Specific Dose (RSD)0.0000004 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AWDBP684935 N-Nitroso-N-methylureaTD500.093 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)5930552 N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR)Risk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AWDBP68224 Norethindrone (19-Norethisterone)Maximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)0.0167 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Fails screen27314132 NorflurazonReference Dose (RfD)0.04 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)44.0103651 n-PropylbenzeneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)2.5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)4788733 o-ChloronitrobenzeneReference Dose (RfD)0.001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M95498 o-ChlorotolueneReference Dose (RfD)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)52.4556672 OctamethylcyclotetrasiloxaneLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,540mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M20325400 o-Dianisidine dihydrochlorideCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)46528290 o-DinitrobenzeneReference Dose (RfD)0.0001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)105,28088722 o-NitrotolueneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M95534 o-ToluidineCancer Classification, IARC2AToxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)10,774636215 o-Toluidine hydrochlorideCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)2219666309 OxadiazonNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)28,82275569 Oxirane, methyl-Risk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000042 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)433,536301122 Oxydemeton-methylLethal Dose 50 (LD50)10mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)154,56542874033 OxyfluorfenNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.3 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)706,79910028156 OzoneTD501.9 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)715,83072559 p,p'-DDERisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.000029 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.0624685147 ParaquatLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.93 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)6,899,701100005 p-ChloronitrobenzeneTD50473 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M106434 p-ChlorotolueneReference Dose (RfD)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)22.5120718 p-CresidineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)0100254 p-DinitrobenzeneReference Dose (RfD)0.0001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)28,71132534819 Pentabromodiphenyl ethersReference Dose (RfD)0.002 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M76017 PentachloroethaneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)865115775 PentaerythritolNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)100 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M3296900 Pentaerythritol dibromideCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M110623 PentanalLethal Dose 50 (LD50)5.66mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M14797730 PerchlorateNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.007 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)42052645531 PermethrinNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)1,068,390335671 Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)1.0 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AWSupplemental1763231 Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)251.0 mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K77098 PhenolphthaleinCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K101848 Phenyl etherLethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,450mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100MA2-11EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN62384 Phenylmercury acetateReference Dose (RfD)0.00008 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M57410 PhenytoinTD5059.1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)15,981732116 PhosmetLethal Dose 50 (LD50)26mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)1,336,3877723140 PhosphorusReference Dose (RfD)0.00002 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)52,75088993 Phthalic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.56 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M110894 PiperidineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)22.4mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M156105 p-NitrosodiphenylamineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)099990 p-NitrotolueneReference Dose (RfD)0.01 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M26062793 Poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)290 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M7440097 PotassiumLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.94 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)23,955156434 p-PhenetidineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.24 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M41198087 ProfenofosLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.05 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)881,7021610180 PrometonReference Dose (RfD)0.015 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)40107120 PropanenitrileLethal Dose 50 (LD50)35.8mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M2312358 PropargiteReference Dose (RfD)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)20107197 Propargyl alcoholLethal Dose 50 (LD50)20mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)64,096123386 PropionaldehydeCancer Classification, DSSTOXLMToxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)699,80379094 Propionic acidLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,640mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M1639607 Propoxyphene hydrochlorideLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.0013 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K57556 Propylene glycolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B107982 Propylene glycol 1-methyl etherReference Dose (RfD)0.7 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M108656 Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate No Observed Effect Level (NOEL)300 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M57018527 Propylene glycol mono-t-butyl ether Cancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M1698608 PyrazonLethal Dose 50 (LD50)493mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)118,553110861 PyridineCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)1,302,8422176627 Pyridine, pentachloro-Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)435mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M14808607 Quartz (SiO2)Cancer Classification, IARC1Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K91225 QuinolineRisk Specific Dose (RSD)0.0000033 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)28,62976578126 QuizalofopReference Dose (RfD)Surrogate data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)341,564121824 RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) Risk Specific Dose (RSD)0.00009 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M793248 Santoflex 13No Observed Effect Level (NOEL)6 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M135988 sec-ButylbenzeneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)4.42 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)2274051802 SethoxydimNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)8.9 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)1,721,0307440213 SiliconLethal Dose 50 (LD50)3,160mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)98,9167440235 SodiumLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)9.4 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1,541,00026628228 Sodium azideLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.25 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)66,425532321 Sodium benzoateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,600mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M7647156 Sodium bromideLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.13 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M7775099 Sodium chlorateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)1.4 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)7,277,4533926623 Sodium chloroacetateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)95mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M128041 Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)300mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)129,31825155300 Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)438mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M62748 Sodium fluoroacetateReference Dose (RfD)0.00002 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)0A2-12EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN7681529 Sodium hypochloriteLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)2.2 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M137428 Sodium methyldithiocarbamateLethal Dose 50 (LD50)50mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)60,154,4891313822 Sodium sulfideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)205mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M13718268 Sodium vanadateLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.62 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M50704 SorbitolMaximum Recommended Daily Dose (MRDD)833 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M131929607 Spinosyn AAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)117,57257114 Stearic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)1,490.5mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 5 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M7440246 StrontiumNo Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)190 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)43,5507782992 Sulfurous acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M2699798 Sulfuryl fluorideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)100mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)142,72035400432 SulprofosLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.6 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)308,7131934210 TartrazineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)0.014 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M107534963 TebuconazoleAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)479,616112410238 TebufenozideAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.02 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)104,64234014181 TebuthiuronNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)7 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)17.313494809 TelluriumLethal Dose 50 (LD50)20mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)365.413071799 TerbufosReference Dose (RfD)0.000025 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.5656070167 Terbufos sulfoneReference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AWSurrogate56070156 Terbufos-O-analogue sulfoneReference Dose (RfD)Parent data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)0.016100210 Terephthalic acidLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)142.5 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B75650 tert-ButanolTD5064.6 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)1,548,61775912 tert-Butyl hydroperoxideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)320mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M75649 tert-ButylamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)44mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M98066 tert-ButylbenzeneLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)4.42 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)77.578002 Tetraethyl leadReference Dose (RfD)0.0000001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M116143 TetrafluoroetheneCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M109999 TetrahydrofuranCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1,43075570 Tetramethylammonium chlorideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)50mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M75592 Tetramethylammonium hydroxideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)34mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M64028 Tetrasodium EDTALethal Dose 50 (LD50)2,000mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M25265774 TexanolLethal Dose 50 (LD50)3,200mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M79277671 ThifensulfuronReference Dose (RfD)Surrogate data mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)105,3752231574 ThiocarbazideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)6mg/kg Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M59669260 ThiodicarbAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.03 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)823,06523564058 Thiophanate-methylNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)8 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)454,785108985 ThiophenolReference Dose (RfD)0.00001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K137268 ThiramReference Dose (RfD)0.005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)180,2037440291 Thorium-232Cancer Classification, EPAAToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)61.726471625 Toluene diisocyanateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)129,14366841256 TralomethrinNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.75 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)23,81975967 Tribromoacetic Acid (TBAA)Cancer ClassLMToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1978488 TribufosReference Dose (RfD)0.00003 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)4,929,0321461229 Tributyltin chlorideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)0.03mg/kg Toxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M545062 TrichloroacetonitrileCancer ClassLMToxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)41.54A2-13EPA-OGWDWFinal CCL 3 Chemicals:Screening to a PCCLAppendix 2EPA 815-R-09-007August 2009Health Effect Data ElementValue UnitsOccurrence Data ElementValueToxicity ScreeningCategoryOccurrence Data Element Used For ScreeningHealth Effect/Toxicity Data Element Used For ScreeningCommon NameCASRN102716 TriethanolamineTD50100 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M121448 TriethylamineLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)1 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)1,167,219112276 Triethylene glycolLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)3.6 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M1582098 TrifluralinNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)0.75 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)1.74552307 Trimellitic anhydrideLethal Dose 50 (LD50)1,900mg/kg Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M512561 Trimethyl phosphateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)10K - 500K75503 TrimethylamineLethal Dose 50 (LD50)397mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M77996 TrimethylolpropaneAcceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.05 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>50M - 100M118967 TrinitrotolueneReference Dose (RfD)0.0005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M101020 Triphenyl phosphiteLethal Dose 50 (LD50)444mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M76879 Triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH)Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)0.0005 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)662,418126727 Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Release (lbs/yr)500140089 Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphiteLethal Dose 50 (LD50)100mg/kg Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M115968 Tris(chloroethyl)phosphateCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 FW/AW-Median Value (ug/L)0.201120214 UndecaneNo Observed Effect Level (NOEL)100 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)>100M - 500M57136 UreaLowest Observed Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL)200 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 4 Production Volume (lbs/year)> 1B51796 UrethaneTD5016.9 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)96,0507440622 VanadiumReference Dose (RfD)0.007 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 FW/AW-Max Value (ug/L)70.41314621 Vanadium pentoxideCancer Studies, NTPNTPMSRToxicity Category 1 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M1929777 VernolateReference Dose (RfD)0.001 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)182,18750471448 VinclozolinReference Dose (RfD)0.025 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)122,226108054 Vinyl acetateTD50341 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Release (lbs/yr)3,068,58975025 Vinyl fluorideCancer Classification, IARC2AToxicity Category 2 Production Volume (lbs/year)>1M - 10M25013154 VinyltolueneReference Dose (RfD)0.006 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 3 Production Volume (lbs/year)>10M - 50M137304 ZiramTD5010.7 mg/kg-day Toxicity Category 2 Release (lbs/yr)1,996,914A2-14