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[Congressional Bills 115th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 951 Reported in Senate (RS)]

<DOC>

                                                       Calendar No. 312
115th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                 S. 951

                          [Report No. 115-208]

 To reform the process by which Federal agencies analyze and formulate 
    new regulations and guidance documents, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             April 26, 2017

  Mr. Portman (for himself, Ms. Heitkamp, Mr. Hatch, Mr. Manchin, Mr. 
  Paul, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Strange, Mr. Lankford, Mrs. Fischer, and Mr. 
Scott) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 
     to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

                           February 14, 2018

               Reported by Mr. Johnson, with an amendment
 [Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed 
                               in italic]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 
 To reform the process by which Federal agencies analyze and formulate 
    new regulations and guidance documents, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    This Act may be cited as the ``Regulatory Accountability 
Act of 2017''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 551 of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``rule making'' 
        and inserting ``rulemaking'';</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in paragraph (6), by striking ``rule making'' 
        and inserting ``rulemaking'';</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) in paragraph (13), by striking ``and'' at the 
        end;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) in paragraph (14), by striking the period at 
        the end and inserting a semicolon; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(15) `guidance' means an agency statement of 
        general applicability, other than a rule, that--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) is not intended to have the force 
                and effect of law; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) sets forth a policy on a statutory, 
                regulatory, or technical issue or an interpretation of 
                a statutory or regulatory issue;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(16) `high-impact rule' means any rule that the 
        Administrator determines is likely to cause an annual effect on 
        the economy of $1,000,000,000 or more, adjusted once every 5 
        years to reflect increases in the Consumer Price Index for All 
        Urban Consumers, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
        of the Department of Labor;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(17) `major guidance' means guidance that the 
        Administrator finds is likely to lead to--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) an annual effect on the economy of 
                $100,000,000 or more, adjusted once every 5 years to 
                reflect increases in the Consumer Price Index for All 
                Urban Consumers, as published by the Bureau of Labor 
                Statistics of the Department of Labor;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) a major increase in costs or prices 
                for consumers, individual industries, Federal, State, 
                local, or tribal government agencies, or geographic 
                regions; or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) significant adverse effects on 
                competition, employment, investment, productivity, 
                innovation, public health and safety, or the ability of 
                United States-based enterprises to compete with 
                foreign-based enterprises in domestic and export 
                markets;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(18) `major rule' means any rule that the 
        Administrator determines is likely to cause--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) an annual effect on the economy of 
                $100,000,000 or more, adjusted once every 5 years to 
                reflect increases in the Consumer Price Index for All 
                Urban Consumers, as published by the Bureau of Labor 
                Statistics of the Department of Labor;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) a major increase in costs or prices 
                for consumers, individual industries, Federal, State, 
                local, or tribal government agencies, or geographic 
                regions; or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) significant adverse effects on 
                competition, employment, investment, productivity, 
                innovation, public health and safety, or the ability of 
                United States-based enterprises to compete with 
                foreign-based enterprises in domestic and export 
                markets;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(19) `Office of Information and Regulatory 
        Affairs' means the office established under section 3503 of 
        title 44 and any successor to that office; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(20) `Administrator' means the Administrator of 
        the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 3. RULEMAKING.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 553 of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in the section heading, by striking ``Rule 
        making'' and inserting ``Rulemaking'';</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``(a) This 
        section applies'' and inserting ``(a) Applicability--This 
        section applies''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) by striking subsections (b) through (e) and 
        inserting the following:</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(b) Rulemaking Considerations.--In a rulemaking, an 
agency shall consider, in addition to other applicable considerations, 
the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) The legal authority under which a rule may 
        be proposed, including whether rulemaking is required by 
        statute or is within the discretion of the agency.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) The nature and significance of the problem 
        the agency intends to address with a rule.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Whether existing Federal laws or rules have 
        created or contributed to the problem the agency may address 
        with a rule and, if so, whether those Federal laws or rules 
        could be amended or rescinded to address the problem in whole 
        or in part.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) A reasonable number of alternatives for a 
        new rule that meet the statutory objective, including 
        substantial alternatives or other responses identified by 
        interested persons, with the consideration of 3 alternatives 
        presumed to be reasonable.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) For any major rule or high-impact rule, 
        unless prohibited by law, the potential costs and benefits 
        associated with potential alternative rules and other responses 
        considered under paragraph (4), including quantitative and 
        qualitative analyses of--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) the direct costs and 
                benefits;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) the nature and degree of risks 
                addressed by the rule and the countervailing risks that 
                might be posed by agency action; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) to the extent practicable, the 
                cumulative and indirect costs and benefits.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(c) Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--If an agency determines that 
        the objectives of the agency require the agency to issue a 
        rule, the agency shall notify the Administrator and publish a 
        notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register, which 
        shall include--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) a statement of the time, place, and 
                nature of any public rulemaking proceedings;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) reference to the legal authority 
                under which the rule is proposed;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) the text of the proposed 
                rule;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) a summary of information known to 
                the agency concerning the considerations described in 
                subsection (b); and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(E) where otherwise consistent with 
                applicable law, for any major rule or high-impact 
                rule--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) a reasoned preliminary 
                        explanation regarding how--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) the proposed rule 
                                meets the statutory objectives; 
                                and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) the benefits of the 
                                proposed rule justify the costs; 
                                and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) a discussion of--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) the costs and 
                                benefits of alternatives considered by 
                                the agency under subsection 
                                (b)(4);</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) whether the 
                                alternatives considered by the agency 
                                under subsection (b)(4) meet relevant 
                                statutory objectives; and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(III) the reasons why 
                                the agency did not propose an 
                                alternative considered by the agency 
                                under subsection (b)(4).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Accessibility.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), not later than the date on which an 
                agency publishes a notice of proposed rulemaking under 
                paragraph (1), all studies, models, scientific 
                literature, and other information developed or relied 
                upon by the agency, and actions taken by the agency to 
                obtain that information, in connection with the 
                determination of the agency to propose the rule that is 
                the subject of the rulemaking shall be placed in the 
                docket for the proposed rule and made accessible to the 
                public.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall 
                not apply with respect to information that is exempt 
                from disclosure under section 552(b).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Information quality.--If an agency proposes 
        a rule that rests upon scientific, technical, or economic 
        information, the agency shall propose the rule on the basis of 
        the best reasonably available scientific, technical, or 
        economic information.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Public comment.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--After publishing a 
                notice of proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), an 
                agency shall provide interested persons an opportunity 
                to participate in the rulemaking through the submission 
                of written material, data, views, or arguments with or 
                without opportunity for oral presentation, except 
                that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) if a public hearing is 
                        convened under subsection (e), reasonable 
                        opportunity for oral presentation shall be 
                        provided at the public hearing as provided in 
                        subsection (e); and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) when, other than as 
                        provided in subsection (e), a rule is required 
                        by statute to be made on the record after 
                        opportunity for an agency hearing--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) sections 556 and 557 
                                shall apply; and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) the petition 
                                procedures of subsection (e) shall not 
                                apply.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Timeline.--An agency shall provide 
                not less than 60 days, or, with respect to a proposed 
                major rule or a proposed high-impact rule, not less 
                than 90 days, for interested persons to submit written 
                material, data, views, or arguments under subparagraph 
                (A).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) Change of classification after publication 
        of notice.--If, after an agency submits the notification and 
        publishes the notice of proposed rulemaking required under 
        paragraph (1), a proposed rule is determined to be a major rule 
        or a high-impact rule, the agency shall--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) publish a notice in the Federal 
                Register with respect to the change of the 
                classification of the rule; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) allow interested persons an 
                additional opportunity of not less than 30 days to 
                comment on--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) the rule; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) the change of the 
                        classification of the rule.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(6) Prohibition on certain communications.--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), after an agency publishes a notice of 
                proposed rulemaking required under paragraph (1), or 
                after an agency publishes a notice of initiation of 
                rulemaking under subsection (d)(1)(B), the agency, and 
                any individual acting in an official capacity on behalf 
                of the agency, may not communicate, and a person who 
                receives Federal funds from the agency may not use 
                those funds to communicate, through written, oral, 
                electronic, or other means, to the public with respect 
                to the proposed rule in a manner that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) directly advocates, in 
                        support of or against the proposed rule, for 
                        the submission of information that will form 
                        part of the record for the proposed 
                        rule;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) appeals to the public, or 
                        solicits a third party, to undertake advocacy 
                        in support of or against the proposed rule; 
                        or</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) is directly or indirectly 
                        for the purpose of publicity or propaganda 
                        within the United States in a manner that 
                        Congress has not authorized.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Exception.--The prohibition under 
                subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a communication 
                that requests comments on, or provides information 
                regarding, a proposed rule in an impartial 
                manner.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(d) Initiation of Rulemaking for Major and High-Impact 
Rules.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Notice for major and high-impact rules.--
        When an agency determines to initiate a rulemaking that may 
        result in a major rule or a high-impact rule, the agency 
        shall--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) establish an electronic docket for 
                that rulemaking, which may have a physical counterpart; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) publish a notice of initiation of 
                rulemaking in the Federal Register, which shall--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) briefly describe the subject 
                        and objectives of, and the problem to be solved 
                        by, the rule;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) reference the legal 
                        authority under which the rule would be 
                        proposed;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) invite interested persons 
                        to propose alternatives and other ideas 
                        regarding how best to accomplish the objectives 
                        of the agency in the most effective manner; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) indicate how interested 
                        persons may submit written material for the 
                        docket.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Accessibility.--All information provided to 
        the agency under paragraph (1) shall be promptly placed in the 
        docket and made accessible to the public.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Applicability.--With respect to the 
        alternatives and other ideas proposed under paragraph 
        (1)(B)(iii)--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) the alternatives and other ideas are 
                for the benefit of--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) the agency receiving the 
                        alternatives and other ideas; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) the public; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) the agency receiving the 
                alternatives and other ideas may respond to the 
                alternatives and other ideas.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Timetable.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--With respect to a 
                rulemaking for a major rule or a high-impact rule, the 
                agency proposing the rule shall establish a timetable 
                for the rulemaking that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) includes intermediate and 
                        final completion dates for actions of the 
                        agency; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) shall be published in the 
                        electronic docket established under paragraph 
                        (1)(A) with respect to the 
                        rulemaking.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Consideration of factors.--In 
                establishing the timetable required under subparagraph 
                (A), an agency shall consider relevant factors, 
                including--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) the size and complexity of 
                        the rulemaking;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) the resources available to 
                        the agency;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) the national significance 
                        of the rulemaking; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) all statutory requirements 
                        that govern the timing of the 
                        rulemaking.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Report required.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) In general.--An agency that 
                        fails to meet an intermediate or final 
                        completion date for an action established under 
                        subparagraph (A) shall submit to Congress and 
                        the Director of the Office of Management and 
                        Budget a report regarding why the agency failed 
                        to meet the completion date.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Contents; publication in 
                        federal register.--A report submitted under 
                        clause (i) shall--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) include an amended 
                                timetable for the rulemaking; 
                                and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) be published--
                                </DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(aa) in the 
                                        Federal Register; and</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(bb) in the 
                                        electronic docket established 
                                        under paragraph (1)(A) with 
                                        respect to the 
                                        rulemaking.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) Notice of determination of other agency 
        course.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--If, after publishing 
                the notice required under paragraph (1), an agency 
                determines not to issue a major rule or a high-impact 
                rule, the agency shall, after consulting with the 
                Administrator--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) publish a notice of 
                        determination of other agency course; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) if the agency intends to 
                        issue a rule, comply with the procedures 
                        required under subsection (c).</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Contents.--A notice of determination 
                of other agency course published under subparagraph 
                (A)(i) shall include--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) a description of the 
                        alternative response the agency has determined 
                        to adopt; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) if the agency intends to 
                        issue a rule, any information required under 
                        subsection (c).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(e) Public Hearing for High-Impact Rules and Certain 
Major Rules.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Petition for public hearing.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--Before the date on 
                which the comment period closes with respect to a 
                proposed high-impact rule or a proposed major rule 
                described in section 551(18)(A), an interested person 
                may petition the agency that proposed the rule to hold 
                a public hearing in accordance with this 
                subsection.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Petition for public hearing for 
                high-impact rules.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) Granting of petition.--Not 
                        later than 30 days after the date on which an 
                        agency receives a petition submitted under 
                        subparagraph (A) with respect to a high-impact 
                        rule, the agency shall grant the petition if 
                        the petition shows that--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) the proposed rule is 
                                based on conclusions with respect to 1 
                                or more specific scientific, technical, 
                                economic, or other complex factual 
                                issues that are genuinely 
                                disputed;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) with respect to a 
                                rule that the agency is required to 
                                reissue not less frequently than once 
                                every 3 years, the interested person 
                                submitting the petition could not have 
                                raised the disputed factual issues 
                                described in subclause (I) during the 
                                5-year period preceding the date on 
                                which the petition is submitted; 
                                and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(III) the resolution of 
                                the disputed factual issues described 
                                in subclause (I) would likely have an 
                                effect on--</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(aa) the costs 
                                        and benefits of the proposed 
                                        rule; or</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(bb) whether the 
                                        proposed rule achieves the 
                                        statutory purpose.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Denial of petition.--If an 
                        agency denies a petition submitted under clause 
                        (i) in whole or in part, the agency shall 
                        include in the rulemaking record an explanation 
                        for the denial sufficient for judicial review, 
                        including--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) findings by the 
                                agency that--</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(aa) there is no 
                                        genuine dispute as to the 
                                        factual issues raised by the 
                                        petition; or</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(bb) with 
                                        respect to a rule that the 
                                        agency is required to reissue 
                                        not less frequently than once 
                                        every 3 years, the interested 
                                        person submitting the petition 
                                        could have raised the disputed 
                                        factual issues in the petition 
                                        during the 5-year period 
                                        preceding the date on which the 
                                        petition is submitted; 
                                        and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) a reasoned 
                                determination by the agency that the 
                                factual issues raised by the petition, 
                                even if subject to genuine dispute and 
                                not subject to subclause (I)(bb), will 
                                not have an effect on--</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(aa) the costs 
                                        and benefits of the proposed 
                                        rule; or</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(bb) whether the 
                                        proposed rule achieves the 
                                        statutory purpose.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) Inclusion in the record.--
                        A petition submitted under subparagraph (A) 
                        with respect to a high-impact rule and the 
                        decision of an agency with respect to the 
                        petition shall be included in the rulemaking 
                        record.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Petition for public hearing for 
                certain major rules.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) In general.--In the case of 
                        a major rule described in section 551(18)(A), 
                        any interested person may petition for a 
                        hearing under this subsection on the grounds 
                        and within the time limitation described in 
                        subparagraph (B)(i).</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Agency authority to deny 
                        petition.--An agency may deny a petition 
                        submitted to the agency under clause (i) if the 
                        agency reasonably determines that--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) a hearing--
                                </DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(aa) would not 
                                        advance the consideration of 
                                        the proposed rule by the 
                                        agency; or</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(bb) would, in 
                                        light of the need for agency 
                                        action, unreasonably delay 
                                        completion of the rulemaking; 
                                        or</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) with respect to a 
                                rule that the agency is required to 
                                reissue not less frequently than once 
                                every 3 years, the interested person 
                                submitting the petition could have 
                                raised the disputed factual issues in 
                                the petition during the 5-year period 
                                preceding the date on which the 
                                petition is submitted.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) Inclusion in the record.--
                        A petition submitted under clause (i) and the 
                        decision of an agency with respect to the 
                        petition shall be included in the rulemaking 
                        record.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Notice of hearing.--Not later than 45 days 
        before the date on which a hearing is held under this 
        subsection, an agency shall publish in the Federal Register a 
        notice specifying--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) the proposed rule to be considered 
                at the hearing; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) the factual issues to be considered 
                at the hearing.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Hearing requirements.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) Limited nature of hearing.--A 
                hearing held under this subsection shall be limited 
                to--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) the specific factual issues 
                        raised in a petition granted in whole or in 
                        part under paragraph (1); and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) any other factual issues 
                        the resolution of which an agency, in the 
                        discretion of the agency, determines will 
                        advance consideration by the agency of the 
                        proposed rule.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Procedures.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) Burden of proof.--Except as 
                        otherwise provided by statute, a proponent of a 
                        rule has the burden of proof in a hearing held 
                        under this subsection.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Admission of evidence.--In 
                        a hearing held under this subsection, any 
                        documentary or oral evidence may be received, 
                        except that an agency, as a matter of policy, 
                        shall provide for the exclusion of immaterial 
                        or unduly repetitious evidence.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) Adoption of rules 
                        governing hearings.--To govern a hearing held 
                        under this subsection, each agency shall adopt 
                        rules that provide for--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) the appointment of 
                                an agency official or administrative 
                                law judge to preside at the 
                                hearing;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) the presentation by 
                                interested parties of relevant 
                                documentary or oral evidence, unless 
                                the evidence is immaterial or unduly 
                                repetitious;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(III) a reasonable and 
                                adequate opportunity for cross-
                                examination by interested parties 
                                concerning genuinely disputed factual 
                                issues raised by the petition, provided 
                                that, in the case of multiple 
                                interested parties with the same or 
                                similar interests, the agency may 
                                require the use of common counsel where 
                                the common counsel may adequately 
                                represent the interests that will be 
                                significantly affected by the proposed 
                                rule; and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(IV) when appropriate, 
                                and to the extent practicable, the 
                                consolidation of proceedings with 
                                respect to multiple petitions submitted 
                                under this subsection into a single 
                                hearing.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Record of hearing.--A transcript of 
                testimony and exhibits, together with all papers and 
                requests filed in the hearing, shall constitute the 
                exclusive record for decision of the factual issues 
                addressed in a hearing held under this 
                subsection.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Judicial review.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--Failure to petition for 
                a hearing under this subsection shall not preclude 
                judicial review of any claim that could have been 
                raised in the hearing petition or at the 
                hearing.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Timing of judicial review.--There 
                shall be no judicial review of the disposition of a 
                petition by an agency under this subsection until 
                judicial review of the final action of the 
                agency.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(f) Final Rules.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Effectiveness of major or high-impact 
        rule.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), in a rulemaking for a major rule or a 
                high-impact rule, an agency shall adopt the most cost-
                effective rule that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) is considered under 
                        subsection (b)(4); and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) meets relevant statutory 
                        objectives.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Exception.--In a rulemaking for a 
                major rule or a high-impact rule, an agency may adopt a 
                rule that is more costly than the most cost-effective 
                alternative that would achieve the relevant statutory 
                objectives only if--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) the additional benefits of 
                        the more costly rule justify the additional 
                        costs of that rule;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) the agency specifically 
                        identifies each additional benefit described in 
                        clause (i) and the cost of each such additional 
                        benefit; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) the agency explains why 
                        the agency adopted a rule that is more costly 
                        than the most cost-effective 
                        alternative.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Publication of notice of final rulemaking.--
        When an agency adopts a final rule, the agency shall publish a 
        notice of final rulemaking in the Federal Register, which shall 
        include--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) a concise, general statement of the 
                basis and purpose of the rule;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) a reasoned determination by the 
                agency regarding the considerations described in 
                subsection (b);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) a response to each significant issue 
                raised in the comments on the proposed rule; 
                and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) with respect to a major rule or a 
                high-impact rule, a reasoned determination by the 
                agency that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) the benefits of the rule 
                        advance the relevant statutory objectives and 
                        justify the costs of the rule; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii)(I) no alternative 
                        considered would achieve the relevant statutory 
                        objectives in a more cost-effective manner than 
                        the rule; or</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(II) the adoption by the agency 
                        of a more costly rule complies with paragraph 
                        (1)(B).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Information quality.--If an agency 
        rulemaking rests upon scientific, technical, or economic 
        information, the agency shall adopt a final rule on the basis 
        of the best reasonably available scientific, technical, or 
        economic information.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Accessibility.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), not later than the date on which an 
                agency publishes a notice of final rulemaking under 
                paragraph (2), all studies, models, scientific 
                literature, and other information developed or relied 
                upon by the agency, and actions taken by the agency to 
                obtain that information, in connection with the 
                determination of the agency to finalize the rule that 
                is the subject of the rulemaking shall be placed in the 
                docket for the rule and made accessible to the 
                public.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall 
                not apply with respect to information that is exempt 
                from disclosure under section 552(b).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) Rules adopted at the end of a presidential 
        administration.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--During the 60-day 
                period beginning on a transitional inauguration day (as 
                defined in section 3349a), with respect to any final 
                rule that had been placed on file for public inspection 
                by the Office of the Federal Register or published in 
                the Federal Register as of the date of the 
                inauguration, but which had not become effective by the 
                date of the inauguration, the agency issuing the rule 
                may, by order, delay the effective date of the rule for 
                not more than 90 days for the purpose of obtaining 
                public comment on whether--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) the rule should be amended 
                        or rescinded; or</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) the effective date of the 
                        rule should be further delayed.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Opportunity for comment.--If an 
                agency delays the effective date of a rule under 
                subparagraph (A), the agency shall give the public not 
                less than 30 days to submit comments.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(g) Applicability.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Primacy of certain rulemaking considerations 
        and procedures in other federal laws.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) Considerations.--If a rulemaking is 
                authorized under a Federal law that requires an agency 
                to consider, or prohibits an agency from considering, a 
                factor in a manner that is inconsistent with, or that 
                conflicts with, the requirements under this section, 
                for the purposes of this section, the requirement or 
                prohibition, as applicable, in that other Federal law 
                shall apply to the agency in the rulemaking.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Procedural requirements.--If a 
                rulemaking is authorized under a Federal law that 
                requires an agency to follow or use, or prohibits an 
                agency from following or using, a procedure in a manner 
                that is duplicative of, or that conflicts with, a 
                procedural requirement under this section, for the 
                purposes of this section, the requirement or 
                prohibition, as applicable, in that other Federal law 
                shall apply to the agency in the rulemaking.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Guidance and rules of organization.--Except 
        as otherwise provided by law, this section shall not apply to 
        guidance or rules of agency organization, procedure, or 
        practice.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Exceptions for good cause.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) Finding of good cause.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) In general.--If an agency 
                        for good cause finds that compliance with 
                        subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f)(2)(B) before 
                        issuing a final rule is unnecessary, 
                        impracticable, or contrary to the public 
                        interest, that subsection shall not apply and 
                        the agency may issue the final rule or an 
                        interim final rule, as applicable, under 
                        subparagraph (B) or (C).</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Incorporation of good cause 
                        finding.--If an agency makes a finding under 
                        clause (i), the agency shall include that 
                        finding and a brief statement with respect to 
                        the reasons for that finding in the final rule 
                        or interim final rule, as applicable, issued by 
                        the agency.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Direct final rules.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) In general.--Except as 
                        provided in clause (ii), if an agency makes a 
                        finding under subparagraph (A)(i) that 
                        compliance with subsection (c), (d), (e), or 
                        (f)(2)(B) before issuing a final rule is 
                        unnecessary, the agency shall, before issuing 
                        the final rule--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) publish in the 
                                Federal Register the text of the final 
                                rule, the brief statement required 
                                under subparagraph (A)(ii), and a 
                                notice of opportunity for public 
                                comment;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) establish a comment 
                                period of not less than 30 days for any 
                                interested person to submit written 
                                material, data, views, or arguments 
                                with respect to the final rule; 
                                and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(III) provide notice of 
                                the date on which the rule will take 
                                effect.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Exception.--An agency that 
                        made a finding described in clause (i) may 
                        choose not to follow the requirements under 
                        that clause if the agency determines that 
                        following the requirements would not expedite 
                        the issuance of the final rule.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) Adverse comments.--If an 
                        agency receives significant adverse comments 
                        with respect to a rule during the comment 
                        period established under clause (i)(II), the 
                        agency shall--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) withdraw the notice 
                                of final rulemaking published by the 
                                agency with respect to the rule; 
                                and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) complete rulemaking 
                                in accordance with subsections (c), 
                                (d), (e), and (f), as 
                                applicable.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Interim final rules.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) In general.--If an agency 
                        for good cause finds that compliance with 
                        subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f)(2)(B) before 
                        issuing a final rule is impracticable or 
                        contrary to the public interest, the agency 
                        shall issue an interim final rule by--
                        </DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) publishing the 
                                interim final rule and a request for 
                                public comment in the portion of the 
                                Federal Register relating to final 
                                rules; and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) providing a cross-
                                reference in the portion of the Federal 
                                Register relating to proposed rules 
                                that requests public comment with 
                                respect to the rule not later than 60 
                                days after the rule is published under 
                                subclause (I).</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Interim period.--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) In general.--Not 
                                later than 180 days after the date on 
                                which an agency issues an interim final 
                                rule under clause (i), the agency 
                                shall--</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(aa) rescind the 
                                        interim rule;</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(bb) initiate 
                                        rulemaking in accordance with 
                                        subsections (c) through (f); 
                                        or</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(cc) take final 
                                        action to adopt a final 
                                        rule.</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) No force or 
                                effect.--If, as of the end of the 180-
                                day period described in subclause (I), 
                                an agency fails to take an action 
                                described in item (aa), (bb), or (cc) 
                                of that subclause, the interim final 
                                rule issued by the agency shall have no 
                                force or effect.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Exemption for monetary policy.--This section 
        shall not apply to a rulemaking or to guidance that concerns 
        monetary policy proposed or implemented by the Board of 
        Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Open 
        Market Committee.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(h) Date of Publication.--A final rule, a direct final 
rule described in subsection (g)(3)(B), or an interim final rule 
described in subsection (g)(3)(C) shall be published not later than 30 
days (or, in the case of a major rule or a high-impact rule, not later 
than 60 days) before the effective date of the rule, except--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) for guidance; or</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) as otherwise provided by an agency for good 
        cause and as published with the rule.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(i) Right To Petition and Review of Rules.--Each agency 
shall--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) give interested persons the right to 
        petition for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of a rule; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) on a continuing basis, invite interested 
        persons to submit, by electronic means, suggestions for rules 
        that warrant retrospective review and possible modification or 
        repeal.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(j) Rulemaking Guidelines.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) Assessment of rules.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall 
                establish guidelines for the assessment, including the 
                quantitative and qualitative assessment, of--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) the costs and benefits of 
                        proposed and final rules;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) the cost-effectiveness of 
                        proposed and final rules;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) other economic issues that 
                        are relevant to rulemaking under this section 
                        or other sections of this part; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) risk assessments that are 
                        relevant to rulemaking under this section and 
                        other sections of this part.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Agency analysis of rules.--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) In general.--The rigor of 
                        the cost-benefit analysis required by the 
                        guidelines established under subparagraph (A) 
                        shall be commensurate, as determined by the 
                        Administrator, with the economic impact of a 
                        rule.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Risk assessment 
                        guidelines.--Guidelines for a risk assessment 
                        described in subparagraph (A)(iv) shall include 
                        criteria for--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) selecting studies 
                                and models;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) evaluating and 
                                weighing evidence; and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(III) conducting peer 
                                reviews.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Updating guidelines.--Not less 
                frequently than once every 10 years, the Administrator 
                shall update the guidelines established under 
                subparagraph (A) to enable each agency to use the best 
                available techniques to quantify and evaluate present 
                and future benefits, costs, other economic issues, and 
                risks as objectively and accurately as 
                practicable.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Simplification of rules.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) Issuance of guidelines.--The 
                Administrator shall issue guidelines to promote 
                coordination, simplification, and harmonization of 
                agency rules during the rulemaking process.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Requirements.--The guidelines issued 
                by the Administrator under subparagraph (A) shall 
                advise each agency to--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) avoid rules that are 
                        inconsistent or incompatible with, or 
                        duplicative of, other regulations of the agency 
                        and those of other agencies; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) draft the rules of the 
                        agency to be simple and easy to understand, 
                        with the goal of minimizing the potential for 
                        uncertainty and litigation arising from the 
                        uncertainty.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Consistency in rulemaking.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--To promote consistency 
                in rulemaking, the Administrator shall--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) issue guidelines to ensure 
                        that rulemaking conducted in whole or in part 
                        under procedures specified in provisions of law 
                        other than those under this section conform 
                        with the procedures set forth in this section 
                        to the fullest extent allowed by law; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) issue guidelines for the 
                        conduct of hearings under subsection (e), which 
                        shall provide a reasonable opportunity for 
                        cross-examination.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Agency adoption of regulations.--
                Each agency shall adopt regulations for the conduct of 
                hearings consistent with the guidelines issued under 
                this paragraph.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(k) Agency Guidance; Procedures To Issue Major Guidance; 
Authority To Issue Guidelines for Issuance of Guidance.--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--Agency guidance shall--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) not be used by an agency to 
                foreclose consideration of issues as to which the 
                guidance expresses a conclusion;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) state that the guidance is not 
                legally binding; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) at the time the guidance is issued, 
                or upon request, be made available by the issuing 
                agency to interested persons and the public.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Procedures to issue major guidance.--Before 
        issuing any major guidance, an agency shall--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) make and document a reasoned 
                determination that--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) such guidance is 
                        understandable and complies with relevant 
                        statutory objectives and regulatory provisions; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) identifies the costs and 
                        benefits, including all costs and benefits to 
                        be considered during a rulemaking under 
                        subsection (b), of requiring conduct conforming 
                        to such guidance and assures that such benefits 
                        justify such costs; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) confer with the Administrator on the 
                issuance of the major guidance to ensure that the 
                guidance--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) is reasonable;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) is 
                        understandable;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) is consistent with 
                        relevant statutory and regulatory provisions 
                        and requirements or practices of other 
                        agencies;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) does not produce costs that 
                        are unjustified by the benefits of the major 
                        guidance; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(v) is otherwise 
                        appropriate.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) Issuance of updated guidance.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall 
                issue updated guidelines for use by agencies in the 
                issuance of guidance documents.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Requirements.--The guidelines issued 
                by the Administrator under subparagraph (A) shall 
                advise each agency--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) not to issue guidance 
                        documents that are inconsistent or incompatible 
                        with, or duplicative of, other rules of the 
                        agency and those of other agencies;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) to draft the guidance 
                        documents of the agency to be simple and easy 
                        to understand, with the goal of minimizing the 
                        potential for uncertainty and litigation 
                        arising from the uncertainty; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) how to develop and 
                        implement a strategy to ensure the proper use 
                        of guidance by the agency.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(l) Major Rule and High-Impact Rule Frameworks.--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(1) In general.--Beginning on the date that is 
        180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, when 
        an agency publishes in the Federal Register--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) a proposed major rule or a proposed 
                high-impact rule, the agency shall include a potential 
                framework for assessing the rule, which shall include a 
                general statement of how the agency intends to measure 
                the effectiveness of the rule; or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) a final major rule or a final high-
                impact rule, the agency shall include a framework for 
                assessing the rule under paragraph (2), which shall 
                include--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) a clear statement of the 
                        regulatory objectives of the rule, including a 
                        summary of the benefit and cost of the 
                        rule;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) the methodology by which 
                        the agency plans to analyze the rule, including 
                        metrics by which the agency can measure--
                        </DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) the effectiveness 
                                and benefits of the rule in producing 
                                the regulatory objectives of the rule; 
                                and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) the impacts, 
                                including any costs, of the rule on 
                                regulated and other impacted 
                                entities;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) a plan for gathering data 
                        regarding the metrics described in clause (ii) 
                        on an ongoing basis, or at periodic times, 
                        including a method by which the agency will 
                        invite the public to participate in the review 
                        process and seek input from other agencies; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) a specific timeframe, as 
                        appropriate to the rule and not more than 10 
                        years after the effective date of the rule, 
                        under which the agency shall conduct the 
                        assessment of the rule in accordance with 
                        paragraph (2)(A).</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) Assessment.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--Each agency shall 
                assess the data collected under paragraph (1)(B)(iii), 
                using the methodology set forth in paragraph (1)(B)(ii) 
                or any other appropriate methodology developed after 
                the issuance of a final major rule or a final high-
                impact rule to better determine whether the regulatory 
                objective was achieved, with respect to the rule--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) to analyze how the actual 
                        benefits and costs of the rule may have varied 
                        from those anticipated at the time the rule was 
                        issued; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) to determine whether--
                        </DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) the rule is 
                                accomplishing the regulatory objective 
                                of the rule;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) the rule has been 
                                rendered unnecessary, taking into 
                                consideration--</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(aa) changes in 
                                        the subject area affected by 
                                        the rule; and</DELETED>
                                        <DELETED>    ``(bb) whether the 
                                        rule overlaps, duplicates, or 
                                        conflicts with--</DELETED>

                                                <DELETED>    ``(AA) 
                                                other rules; 
                                                or</DELETED>

                                                <DELETED>    ``(BB) to 
                                                the extent feasible, 
                                                State and local 
                                                government 
                                                regulations;</DELETED>

                                <DELETED>    ``(III) the rule needs to 
                                be modified in order to accomplish the 
                                regulatory objective; and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(IV) other alternatives 
                                to the rule or modification of the rule 
                                could better achieve the regulatory 
                                objective while imposing a smaller 
                                burden on society or increase cost-
                                effectiveness, taking into 
                                consideration any cost already 
                                incurred.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Different methodology.--If an agency 
                uses a methodology other than the methodology under 
                paragraph (1)(B)(ii) to assess data under subparagraph 
                (A), the agency shall include as part of the notice 
                required to be published under subparagraph (D) an 
                explanation of the changes in circumstances that 
                necessitated the use of that other 
                methodology.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Subsequent assessments.--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) In general.--Except as 
                        provided in clause (ii), if, after an 
                        assessment of a major rule or a high-impact 
                        rule under subparagraph (A), an agency 
                        determines that the rule will remain in effect 
                        with or without modification, the agency 
                        shall--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) determine a specific 
                                time, as appropriate to the rule and 
                                not more than 10 years after the date 
                                on which the agency completes the 
                                assessment, under which the agency 
                                shall conduct another assessment of the 
                                rule in accordance with subparagraph 
                                (A); and</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) if the assessment 
                                conducted under subclause (I) does not 
                                result in a repeal of the rule, 
                                periodically assess the rule in 
                                accordance with subparagraph (A) to 
                                ensure that the rule continues to meet 
                                the regulatory objective.</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) Exemption.--The 
                        Administrator may exempt an agency from 
                        conducting a subsequent assessment of a rule 
                        under clause (i) if the Administrator 
                        determines that there is a foreseeable and 
                        apparent need for the rule beyond the timeframe 
                        required under clause (i)(I).</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) Publication.--Not later than 180 
                days after the date on which an agency completes an 
                assessment of a major rule or a high-impact rule under 
                subparagraph (A), the agency shall publish a notice of 
                availability of the results of the assessment in the 
                Federal Register, including the specific time for any 
                subsequent assessment of the rule under subparagraph 
                (C)(i), if applicable.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) OIRA oversight.--The Administrator shall--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) issue guidance for agencies 
                regarding the development of the framework under 
                paragraph (1) and the conduct of the assessments under 
                paragraph (2)(A);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) oversee the timely compliance of 
                agencies with this subsection;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) ensure that the results of each 
                assessment conducted under paragraph (2)(A) are--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) published promptly on a 
                        centralized Federal website; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) noticed in the Federal 
                        Register in accordance with paragraph 
                        (2)(D);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) encourage and assist agencies to 
                streamline and coordinate the assessment of major rules 
                or high-impact rules with similar or related regulatory 
                objectives;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(E) exempt an agency from including the 
                framework required under paragraph (1)(B) when 
                publishing a final major rule or a final high-impact 
                rule if the Administrator determines that compliance 
                with paragraph (1)(B) is unnecessary, impracticable, or 
                contrary to the public interest, as described in 
                subsection (g)(3)(A)(i); and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(F) extend the deadline specified by an 
                agency for an assessment of a major rule or a high-
                impact rule under paragraph (1)(B)(iv) or paragraph 
                (2)(C)(i)(I) for a period of not more than 90 days if 
                the agency justifies why the agency is unable to 
                complete the assessment by that deadline.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this 
        subsection shall be construed to affect--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) the authority of an agency to assess 
                or modify a major rule or a high-impact rule of the 
                agency earlier than the end of the timeframe specified 
                for the rule under paragraph (1)(B)(iv); or</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) any other provision of law that 
                requires an agency to conduct retrospective reviews of 
                rules issued by the agency.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(5) Applicability.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--This subsection shall 
                not apply to--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) a major rule or a high-
                        impact rule of an agency--</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(I) that the 
                                Administrator reviewed before the date 
                                of enactment of this 
                                subsection;</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(II) for which the 
                                agency is required to conduct a 
                                retrospective review under any other 
                                provision of law that meets or exceeds 
                                the requirements of this subsection, as 
                                determined by the Administrator; 
                                or</DELETED>
                                <DELETED>    ``(III) for which the 
                                authorizing statute is subject to 
                                periodic reauthorization by Congress 
                                not less frequently than once every 10 
                                years;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) interpretative rules, 
                        general statements of policy, or rules of 
                        agency organization, procedure, or 
                        practice;</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iii) routine and administrative 
                        rules; or</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(iv) a rule that is reviewed 
                        under section 2222 of the Economic Growth and 
                        Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act of 1996 (12 
                        U.S.C. 3311).</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Direct and interim final major rule 
                or high-impact rule.--In the case of a major rule or a 
                high-impact rule of an agency for which the agency is 
                not required to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking 
                in response to an emergency or a statutorily imposed 
                deadline, the agency shall publish the framework 
                required under paragraph (1)(B) in the Federal Register 
                not later than 180 days after the date on which the 
                agency publishes the rule.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(6) Recommendations to congress.--If, under an 
        assessment conducted under paragraph (2), an agency determines 
        that a major rule or a high-impact rule should be modified or 
        repealed, the agency may submit to Congress recommendations for 
        legislation to amend applicable provisions of law if the agency 
        is prohibited from modifying or repealing the rule under 
        another provision of law.</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(7) Judicial review.--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(A) In general.--Judicial review of 
                agency compliance with this subsection is limited to 
                whether an agency--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(i) published the framework for 
                        assessment of a major rule or a high-impact 
                        rule in accordance with paragraph (1); 
                        or</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    ``(ii) completed and published the 
                        required assessment of a major rule or a high-
                        impact rule in accordance with subparagraphs 
                        (A) and (D) of paragraph (2).</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(B) Remedy available.--In granting 
                relief in an action brought under subparagraph (A), a 
                court may only issue an order remanding the major rule 
                or the high-impact rule, as applicable, to the agency 
                to comply with paragraph (1) or subparagraph (A) or (D) 
                of paragraph (2), as applicable.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) Effective date of major rule.--If, 
                in an action brought under subparagraph (A)(i), a court 
                determines that the agency did not comply, the major 
                rule or the high-impact rule, as applicable, shall take 
                effect notwithstanding any order issued by the 
                court.</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(D) Administrator.--Any determination, 
                action, or inaction of the Administrator under this 
                subsection shall not be subject to judicial 
                review.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 4. SCOPE OF REVIEW.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 706 of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in the first sentence of the matter preceding 
        paragraph (1), by striking ``To the extent necessary'' and 
        inserting ``(a) In General.--To the extent necessary''; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in subsection (a), as so designated--
        </DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' 
                at the end;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) in paragraph (2)--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) in the matter preceding 
                        subparagraph (A), by inserting ``, or, when 
                        appropriate, remand a matter to an agency 
                        without setting aside,'' after ``set aside''; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) in subparagraph (F), by 
                        striking the period at the end and inserting 
                        ``; and''; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) by striking the flush text following 
                paragraph (2)(F) and inserting the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(3) with respect to the review of a high-impact 
        rule, as defined in section 551(16), determine whether the 
        factual findings of the agency issuing the rule are supported 
        by substantial evidence.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(b) Review of Entire Record; Prejudicial Error.--In 
making a determination under subsection (a), the court shall review the 
whole record or those parts of it cited by a party, and due account 
shall be taken of the rule of prejudicial error.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(c) Preclusion of Review.--The determination of whether 
a rule is a major rule within the meaning of subparagraphs (B) and (C) 
of section 551(18) shall not be subject to judicial review.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(d) Review of Certain Guidance.--Agency guidance that 
does not interpret a statute or rule may be reviewed only under 
subsection (a)(2)(D).</DELETED>
<DELETED>    ``(e) Agency Interpretation of Rules.--The weight that a 
reviewing court gives an interpretation by an agency of a rule of that 
agency shall depend on the thoroughness evident in the consideration of 
the rule by the agency, the validity of the reasoning of the agency, 
and the consistency of the interpretation with earlier and later 
pronouncements.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 5. ADDED DEFINITIONS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    Section 701(b) of title 5, United States Code, is 
amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in paragraph (1)(H), by striking ``and'' at 
        the end;</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
        (3);</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the 
        following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(2) `guidance' has the meaning given the term in 
        section 551;'';</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated, by 
        striking the period at the end and inserting ``; and''; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) by adding at the end the following:</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    ``(4) `substantial evidence' means such relevant 
        evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to 
        support a conclusion in light of the record considered as a 
        whole.''.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 6. APPLICATION.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    The amendments made by this Act to sections 553, 701(b), 
and 706 of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to any 
rulemaking, as defined in section 551 of title 5, United States Code, 
as amended by section 2 of this Act, that is pending or completed as of 
the date of enactment of this Act.</DELETED>

<DELETED>SEC. 7. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.</DELETED>

<DELETED>    (a) Consumer Product Safety Act.--Section 9(i) of the 
Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2058(i)) is amended, in the 
first sentence, by striking ``section 553(e)'' and inserting ``section 
553(i)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (b) Defense Production Act of 1950.--Section 709(b)(1) of 
the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4559(b)(1)) is amended by 
striking ``for not less than 30 days, consistent with the requirements 
of section 553(b)'' and inserting ``in a manner consistent with the 
requirements of section 553(c)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (c) Endangered Species Act of 1973.--Section 4(b)(3) of 
the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533(b)(3)) is amended--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in subparagraph (A), in the first sentence, by 
        striking ``section 553(e)'' and inserting ``section 553(i)''; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in subparagraph (D)(i), in the first sentence, 
        by striking ``section 553(e)'' and inserting ``section 
        553(i)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (d) Expedited Funds Availability Act.--Section 609(a) of 
the Expedited Funds Availability Act (12 U.S.C. 4008(a)) is amended, in 
the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``section 553(c)'' and 
inserting ``section 553''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (e) Federal Hazardous Substances Act.--Section 3 of the 
Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1262) is amended--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``(other 
        than clause (B) of the last sentence of subsection (b) of such 
        section) of title 5 of the United States Code'' and inserting 
        ``of title 5, United States Code, other than subsection (g)(3) 
        of such section,''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in subsection (j), by striking ``section 
        553(e)'' and inserting ``section 553(i)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (f) Flammable Fabrics Act.--The Flammable Fabrics Act (15 
U.S.C. 1191 et seq.) is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in section 4(k) (15 U.S.C. 1193(k)), in the 
        first sentence, by striking ``section 553(e)'' and inserting 
        ``section 553(i)''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in section 16(c)(2) (15 U.S.C. 1203(c)(2)), by 
        striking ``section 553(b)'' and inserting ``section 
        553(c)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (g) General Education Provisions Act.--Section 411 of the 
General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1221e-4) is amended, in the 
second sentence, by striking ``Notwithstanding the exception provided 
under section 553(b) of title 5, such'' and inserting 
``Such''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (h) Housing and Community Development Act of 1992.--The 
Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) 
is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in section 643(b)(3) (42 U.S.C. 13603(b)(3)), 
        in the first sentence, by striking ``(notwithstanding 
        subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section)'' and 
        inserting ``(notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (g)(3), and 
        (h)(2) of such section)''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in section 685 (42 U.S.C. 13643), in the 
        second sentence, by striking ``(notwithstanding subsections 
        (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section)'' and inserting 
        ``(notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (g)(3), and (h)(2) of 
        such section)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (i) Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972.--Section 
109(d)(2) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 
1379(d)(2)) is amended, in the second sentence, by striking 
``subsection (d) of such section 553'' and inserting ``subsection (h) 
of such section 553''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (j) McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act.--Section 433 
of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11387) is 
amended, in the second sentence, by striking ``(notwithstanding 
subsections (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section)'' and inserting 
``(notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (g)(3), and (h)(2) of such 
section)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (k) Native American Programs Act of 1974.--Section 814 of 
the Native American Programs Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 2992b-1) is 
amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in subsection (b)--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) by striking paragraph (1);</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and 
                (3) as paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively;</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (C) in paragraph (1), as so redesignated--
                </DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) in the matter preceding 
                        subparagraph (A), by striking ``Subparagraph 
                        (B) of the last sentence of section 553(b)'' 
                        and inserting ``Section 553(g)(3)''; 
                        and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) by striking ``(other than an 
                        interpretative rule or a general statement of 
                        policy)''; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (D) in paragraph (2), as so redesignated, 
                in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (i) by striking ``The first 2 
                        sentences of section 553(b)'' and inserting 
                        ``Section 553(c)''; and</DELETED>
                        <DELETED>    (ii) by striking ``an 
                        interpretative rule, a general statement of 
                        policy, or''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in subsection (c)--</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), 
                by striking ``section 553(d)'' and inserting ``section 
                553(h)''; and</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    (B) in the flush text following paragraph 
                (2), by striking ``the first 2 sentences of section 
                553(b)'' and inserting ``section 553(c)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (l) Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978.--Section 502(b) of the 
Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (15 U.S.C. 3412(b)) is amended, in the 
third sentence, by striking ``section 553(d)(3)'' and inserting 
``section 553(h)(2)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (m) Noise Control Act of 1972.--Section 6(c)(2) of the 
Noise Control Act of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 4905(c)(2)) is amended by striking 
``the first sentence of section 553(c) of title 5'' and inserting 
``section 553(c)(4)(A) of title 5''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (n) Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970.--The Poison 
Prevention Packaging Act of 1970 (15 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.) is amended--
</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in section 5(a) (15 U.S.C. 1474(a)), in the 
        first sentence, by striking ``other than paragraph (3)(B) of 
        the last sentence of subsection (b) of such section'' and 
        inserting ``other than subsection (g)(3) of such section''; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in section 7(c)(2) (15 U.S.C. 1476(c)(2)), by 
        striking ``section 553(b)'' and inserting ``section 
        553(c)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (o) Poultry Products Inspection Act.--Section 14(c) of the 
Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 463(c)) is amended by 
striking ``section 553(c) of title 5, United States Code'' and 
inserting ``section 553(c)(4) of title 5, United States 
Code,''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (p) Rural Electrification Act of 1936.--Section 206(a)(1) 
of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 927(a)(1)) is 
amended by striking ``subsections (b) through (e)'' and inserting 
``subsections (b) through (k)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (q) Social Security Act.--The Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 301 et seq.) is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in section 221(j) (42 U.S.C. 421(j)), in the 
        flush text following paragraph (3), by striking ``in accordance 
        with section 553(b)(A) of title 5, United States Code'' and all 
        that follows through ``and statements'' and inserting ``in 
        accordance with section 553(g)(2) of title 5, United States 
        Code, of guidance or rules of agency organization, procedure, 
        or practice relating to consultative examinations if such 
        guidance and rules''; and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in section 1871(b)(2) (42 U.S.C. 
        1395hh(b)(2)), by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the 
        following:</DELETED>
                <DELETED>    ``(C) subsection (c) of section 553 of 
                title 5, United States Code, does not apply pursuant to 
                subsection (g)(3) of such section.''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (r) Title 5, United States Code.--Title 5, United States 
Code, is amended--</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (1) in section 556(d), in the sixth sentence, by 
        striking ``rule making'' and inserting 
        ``rulemaking'';</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (2) in section 557(b), in the fourth sentence of 
        the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``rule making'' 
        and inserting ``rulemaking'';</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (3) in section 562(11), by striking ``means `rule 
        making' as that term is defined in section 551(5) of this 
        title'' and inserting ``has the meaning given the term in 
        section 551'';</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (4) in section 601(2), by striking ``section 
        553(b)'' and inserting ``section 553(c)'';</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (5) in section 1103(b)(1), by striking ``section 
        553(b)(1), (2), and (3)'' and inserting ``section 553(c)''; 
        and</DELETED>
        <DELETED>    (6) in section 1105, by striking ``subsections 
        (b), (c), and (d)'' and inserting ``subsections (b) through (h) 
        and (j)''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (s) Title 41, United States Code.--Section 8503(a)(2) of 
title 41, United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 553(b) 
to (e)'' and inserting ``section 553''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (t) Title 46, United States Code.--Section 14104(b) of 
title 46, United States Code, is amended, in the second sentence, by 
striking ``shall be considered to be an interpretive regulation for 
purposes of section 553 of title 5'' and inserting ``shall be subject 
to section 553 of title 5''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>    (u) Toxic Substances Control Act.--Section 19(c)(1)(B)(ii) 
of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2618(c)(1)(B)(ii)) is 
amended by striking ``section 553(c)'' and inserting ``section 
553(f)(2)''.</DELETED>

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Regulatory Accountability Act of 
2017''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    Section 551 of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (5), by striking ``rule making'' and 
        inserting ``rulemaking'';
            (2) in paragraph (6), by striking ``rule making'' and 
        inserting ``rulemaking'';
            (3) in paragraph (13), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (4) in paragraph (14), by striking the period at the end 
        and inserting a semicolon; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(15) `guidance' means an agency statement of general 
        applicability that--
                    ``(A) is not intended to have the force and effect 
                of law; and
                    ``(B) sets forth a policy on a statutory, 
                regulatory, or technical issue or an interpretation of 
                a statutory or regulatory issue;
            ``(16) `high-impact rule' means any rule that the 
        Administrator determines is likely to cause an annual effect on 
        the economy of $1,000,000,000 or more, adjusted once every 5 
        years to reflect increases in the Consumer Price Index for All 
        Urban Consumers, as published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 
        of the Department of Labor;
            ``(17) `major guidance' means guidance that the 
        Administrator finds is likely to lead to--
                    ``(A) an annual effect on the economy of 
                $100,000,000 or more, adjusted once every 5 years to 
                reflect increases in the Consumer Price Index for All 
                Urban Consumers, as published by the Bureau of Labor 
                Statistics of the Department of Labor;
                    ``(B) a major increase in costs or prices for 
                consumers, individual industries, Federal, State, 
                local, or tribal government agencies, or geographic 
                regions; or
                    ``(C) significant adverse effects on competition, 
                employment, investment, productivity, innovation, 
                public health and safety, or the ability of United 
                States-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based 
                enterprises in domestic and export markets;
            ``(18) `major rule' means any rule that the Administrator 
        determines is likely to cause--
                    ``(A) an annual effect on the economy of 
                $100,000,000 or more, adjusted once every 5 years to 
                reflect increases in the Consumer Price Index for All 
                Urban Consumers, as published by the Bureau of Labor 
                Statistics of the Department of Labor;
                    ``(B) a major increase in costs or prices for 
                consumers, individual industries, Federal, State, 
                local, or tribal government agencies, or geographic 
                regions; or
                    ``(C) significant adverse effects on competition, 
                employment, investment, productivity, innovation, 
                public health and safety, or the ability of United 
                States-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based 
                enterprises in domestic and export markets;
            ``(19) `Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs' means 
        the office established under section 3503 of title 44 and any 
        successor to that office; and
            ``(20) `Administrator' means the Administrator of the 
        Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs.''.

SEC. 3. RULEMAKING.

    Section 553 of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the section heading, by striking ``Rule making'' and 
        inserting ``Rulemaking'';
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``(a) This section 
        applies'' and inserting ``(a) Applicability--This section 
        applies''; and
            (3) by striking subsections (b) through (e) and inserting 
        the following:
    ``(b) Rulemaking Considerations.--In a rulemaking, an agency shall 
consider, in addition to other applicable considerations, the 
following:
            ``(1) The legal authority under which a rule may be 
        proposed, including whether rulemaking is required by statute 
        or is within the discretion of the agency.
            ``(2) The nature and significance of the problem the agency 
        intends to address with a rule.
            ``(3) Whether existing Federal laws or rules have created 
        or contributed to the problem the agency may address with a 
        rule and, if so, whether those Federal laws or rules could be 
        amended or rescinded to address the problem in whole or in 
        part.
            ``(4) A reasonable number of alternatives for a new rule 
        that meet the statutory objective, including substantial 
        alternatives or other responses identified by interested 
        persons, with the consideration of 3 alternatives presumed to 
        be reasonable.
            ``(5) For any major rule or high-impact rule, unless 
        prohibited by law, the potential costs and benefits associated 
        with potential alternative rules and other responses considered 
        under paragraph (4), including quantitative and qualitative 
        analyses of--
                    ``(A) the direct costs and benefits;
                    ``(B) the nature and degree of risks addressed by 
                the rule and the countervailing risks that might be 
                posed by agency action; and
                    ``(C) to the extent practicable, the cumulative and 
                indirect costs and benefits.
    ``(c) Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.--
            ``(1) In general.--If an agency determines that the 
        objectives of the agency require the agency to issue a rule, 
        the agency shall notify the Administrator and publish a notice 
        of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register, which shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) a statement of the time, place, and nature of 
                any public rulemaking proceedings;
                    ``(B) reference to the legal authority under which 
                the rule is proposed;
                    ``(C) the text of the proposed rule;
                    ``(D) a summary of information known to the agency 
                concerning the considerations described in subsection 
                (b); and
                    ``(E) where otherwise consistent with applicable 
                law, for any major rule or high-impact rule--
                            ``(i) a reasoned preliminary explanation 
                        regarding how--
                                    ``(I) the proposed rule meets the 
                                statutory objectives; and
                                    ``(II) the benefits of the proposed 
                                rule justify the costs; and
                            ``(ii) a discussion of--
                                    ``(I) the costs and benefits of 
                                alternatives considered by the agency 
                                under subsection (b)(4);
                                    ``(II) whether the alternatives 
                                considered by the agency under 
                                subsection (b)(4) meet relevant 
                                statutory objectives; and
                                    ``(III) the reasons why the agency 
                                did not propose an alternative 
                                considered by the agency under 
                                subsection (b)(4).
            ``(2) Accessibility.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), not later than the date on which an 
                agency publishes a notice of proposed rulemaking under 
                paragraph (1), all studies, models, scientific 
                literature, and other information developed or relied 
                upon by the agency, and actions taken by the agency to 
                obtain that information, in connection with the 
                determination of the agency to propose the rule that is 
                the subject of the rulemaking shall be placed in the 
                docket for the proposed rule and made accessible to the 
                public.
                    ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply 
                with respect to information that is exempt from 
                disclosure under section 552(b).
            ``(3) Information quality.--If an agency proposes a rule 
        that rests upon scientific, technical, or economic information, 
        the agency shall propose the rule on the basis of the best 
        reasonably available scientific, technical, or economic 
        information.
            ``(4) Public comment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--After publishing a notice of 
                proposed rulemaking under paragraph (1), an agency 
                shall provide interested persons an opportunity to 
                participate in the rulemaking through the submission of 
                written material, data, views, or arguments with or 
                without opportunity for oral presentation, except 
                that--
                            ``(i) if a public hearing is convened under 
                        subsection (e), reasonable opportunity for oral 
                        presentation shall be provided at the public 
                        hearing as provided in subsection (e); and
                            ``(ii) when, other than as provided in 
                        subsection (e), a rule is required by statute 
                        to be made on the record after opportunity for 
                        an agency hearing--
                                    ``(I) sections 556 and 557 shall 
                                apply; and
                                    ``(II) the petition procedures of 
                                subsection (e) shall not apply.
                    ``(B) Timeline.--An agency shall provide not less 
                than 60 days, or, with respect to a proposed major rule 
                or a proposed high-impact rule, not less than 90 days, 
                for interested persons to submit written material, 
                data, views, or arguments under subparagraph (A).
            ``(5) Change of classification after publication of 
        notice.--If, after an agency submits the notification and 
        publishes the notice of proposed rulemaking required under 
        paragraph (1), a proposed rule is determined to be a major rule 
        or a high-impact rule, the agency shall--
                    ``(A) publish a notice in the Federal Register with 
                respect to the change of the classification of the 
                rule; and
                    ``(B) allow interested persons an additional 
                opportunity of not less than 30 days to comment on--
                            ``(i) the rule; and
                            ``(ii) the change of the classification of 
                        the rule.
            ``(6) Prohibition on certain communications.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), after an agency publishes a notice of 
                proposed rulemaking required under paragraph (1), or 
                after an agency publishes a notice of initiation of 
                rulemaking under subsection (d)(1)(B), the agency, and 
                any individual acting in an official capacity on behalf 
                of the agency, may not communicate, and a person who 
                receives Federal funds from the agency may not use 
                those funds to communicate, through written, oral, 
                electronic, or other means, to the public with respect 
                to the proposed rule in a manner that--
                            ``(i) directly advocates, in support of or 
                        against the proposed rule, for the submission 
                        of information that will form part of the 
                        record for the proposed rule;
                            ``(ii) appeals to the public, or solicits a 
                        third party, to undertake advocacy in support 
                        of or against the proposed rule; or
                            ``(iii) is directly or indirectly for the 
                        purpose of publicity or propaganda within the 
                        United States in a manner that Congress has not 
                        authorized.
                    ``(B) Exception.--The prohibition under 
                subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a communication 
                that requests comments on, or provides information 
                regarding, a proposed rule in an impartial manner.
    ``(d) Initiation of Rulemaking for Major and High-Impact Rules.--
            ``(1) Notice for major and high-impact rules.--When an 
        agency determines to initiate a rulemaking that may result in a 
        major rule or a high-impact rule, the agency shall--
                    ``(A) establish an electronic docket for that 
                rulemaking, which may have a physical counterpart; and
                    ``(B) publish a notice of initiation of rulemaking 
                in the Federal Register, which shall--
                            ``(i) briefly describe the subject and 
                        objectives of, and the problem to be solved by, 
                        the rule;
                            ``(ii) reference the legal authority under 
                        which the rule would be proposed;
                            ``(iii) invite interested persons to 
                        propose alternatives and other ideas regarding 
                        how best to accomplish the objectives of the 
                        agency in the most effective manner; and
                            ``(iv) indicate how interested persons may 
                        submit written material for the docket.
            ``(2) Accessibility.--All information provided to the 
        agency under paragraph (1) shall be promptly placed in the 
        docket and made accessible to the public.
            ``(3) Applicability.--With respect to the alternatives and 
        other ideas proposed under paragraph (1)(B)(iii)--
                    ``(A) the alternatives and other ideas are for the 
                benefit of--
                            ``(i) the agency receiving the alternatives 
                        and other ideas; and
                            ``(ii) the public; and
                    ``(B) the agency receiving the alternatives and 
                other ideas may respond to the alternatives and other 
                ideas.
            ``(4) Timetable.--
                    ``(A) In general.--With respect to a rulemaking for 
                a major rule or a high-impact rule, the agency 
                proposing the rule shall establish a timetable for the 
                rulemaking that--
                            ``(i) contains intermediate completion 
                        dates for actions of the agency, including--
                                    ``(I) the duration of the comment 
                                period associated with the notice of 
                                initiation published under paragraph 
                                (1)(B), including the date on which 
                                that comment period shall end; and
                                    ``(II) if, after reviewing comments 
                                submitted during the period described 
                                in subclause (I), the agency determines 
                                that the agency shall proceed to a 
                                rulemaking--
                                            ``(aa) the anticipated date 
                                        on which the agency shall 
                                        publish the notice required 
                                        under subsection (c)(1) with 
                                        respect to the rule; and
                                            ``(bb) the duration of the 
                                        comment period required under 
                                        subsection (c)(4), including 
                                        the date on which that comment 
                                        period shall end;
                            ``(ii) includes a final completion date for 
                        actions of the agency; and
                            ``(iii) shall be published in the 
                        electronic docket established under paragraph 
                        (1)(A) with respect to the rulemaking.
                    ``(B) Consideration of factors.--In establishing 
                the timetable required under subparagraph (A), an 
                agency shall consider relevant factors, including--
                            ``(i) the size and complexity of the 
                        rulemaking;
                            ``(ii) the resources available to the 
                        agency;
                            ``(iii) the national significance of the 
                        rulemaking; and
                            ``(iv) all statutory requirements that 
                        govern the timing of the rulemaking.
                    ``(C) Report required.--
                            ``(i) In general.--An agency that fails to 
                        meet the final completion date established 
                        under subparagraph (A)(ii) shall submit to 
                        Congress and the Director of the Office of 
                        Management and Budget a report regarding why 
                        the agency failed to meet the completion date.
                            ``(ii) Contents; publication in federal 
                        register.--A report submitted under clause (i) 
                        shall--
                                    ``(I) include an amended timetable 
                                for the rulemaking; and
                                    ``(II) be published--
                                            ``(aa) in the Federal 
                                        Register; and
                                            ``(bb) in the electronic 
                                        docket established under 
                                        paragraph (1)(A) with respect 
                                        to the rulemaking.
                    ``(D) Changes to intermediate dates published in 
                electronic docket.--If an agency changes an 
                intermediate completion date for an action of the 
                agency established under subparagraph (A)(i), the 
                agency shall publish, in the electronic docket 
                established under paragraph (1)(A)--
                            ``(i) the updated completion date for the 
                        action; and
                            ``(ii) a brief explanation regarding the 
                        reason for the change to the completion date.
            ``(5) Notice of determination of other agency course.--
                    ``(A) In general.--If, after publishing the notice 
                required under paragraph (1), an agency determines not 
                to issue a major rule or a high-impact rule, the agency 
                shall, after consulting with the Administrator--
                            ``(i) publish a notice of determination of 
                        other agency course; and
                            ``(ii) if the agency intends to issue a 
                        rule, comply with the procedures required under 
                        subsection (c).
                    ``(B) Contents.--A notice of determination of other 
                agency course published under subparagraph (A)(i) shall 
                include--
                            ``(i) a description of the alternative 
                        response the agency has determined to adopt; 
                        and
                            ``(ii) if the agency intends to issue a 
                        rule, any information required under subsection 
                        (c).
    ``(e) Public Hearing for High-Impact Rules and Certain Major 
Rules.--
            ``(1) Petition for public hearing.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Before the date on which the 
                comment period closes with respect to a proposed high-
                impact rule or a proposed major rule described in 
                section 551(18)(A), an interested person may petition 
                the agency that proposed the rule to hold a public 
                hearing in accordance with this subsection.
                    ``(B) Petition for public hearing for high-impact 
                rules.--
                            ``(i) Granting of petition.--Not later than 
                        30 days after the date on which an agency 
                        receives a petition submitted under 
                        subparagraph (A) with respect to a high-impact 
                        rule, the agency shall grant the petition if 
                        the petition shows that--
                                    ``(I) the proposed rule is based on 
                                conclusions with respect to 1 or more 
                                specific scientific, technical, 
                                economic, or other complex factual 
                                issues that are genuinely disputed;
                                    ``(II) with respect to a rule that 
                                the agency is required to reissue not 
                                less frequently than once every 3 
                                years, the interested person submitting 
                                the petition could not have raised the 
                                disputed factual issues described in 
                                subclause (I) during the 5-year period 
                                preceding the date on which the 
                                petition is submitted; and
                                    ``(III) the resolution of the 
                                disputed factual issues described in 
                                subclause (I) would likely have an 
                                effect on--
                                            ``(aa) the costs and 
                                        benefits of the proposed rule; 
                                        or
                                            ``(bb) whether the proposed 
                                        rule achieves the statutory 
                                        purpose.
                            ``(ii) Denial of petition.--If an agency 
                        denies a petition submitted under clause (i) in 
                        whole or in part, the agency shall include in 
                        the rulemaking record an explanation for the 
                        denial sufficient for judicial review, 
                        including--
                                    ``(I) findings by the agency that--
                                            ``(aa) there is no genuine 
                                        dispute as to the factual 
                                        issues raised by the petition; 
                                        or
                                            ``(bb) with respect to a 
                                        rule that the agency is 
                                        required to reissue not less 
                                        frequently than once every 3 
                                        years, the interested person 
                                        submitting the petition could 
                                        have raised the disputed 
                                        factual issues in the petition 
                                        during the 5-year period 
                                        preceding the date on which the 
                                        petition is submitted; and
                                    ``(II) a reasoned determination by 
                                the agency that the factual issues 
                                raised by the petition, even if subject 
                                to genuine dispute and not subject to 
                                subclause (I)(bb), will not have an 
                                effect on--
                                            ``(aa) the costs and 
                                        benefits of the proposed rule; 
                                        or
                                            ``(bb) whether the proposed 
                                        rule achieves the statutory 
                                        purpose.
                            ``(iii) Inclusion in the record.--A 
                        petition submitted under subparagraph (A) with 
                        respect to a high-impact rule and the decision 
                        of an agency with respect to the petition shall 
                        be included in the rulemaking record.
                    ``(C) Petition for public hearing for certain major 
                rules.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of a major 
                        rule described in section 551(18)(A), any 
                        interested person may petition for a hearing 
                        under this subsection on the grounds and within 
                        the time limitation described in subparagraph 
                        (B)(i).
                            ``(ii) Agency authority to deny petition.--
                        An agency may deny a petition submitted to the 
                        agency under clause (i) if the agency 
                        reasonably determines that--
                                    ``(I) a hearing--
                                            ``(aa) would not advance 
                                        the consideration of the 
                                        proposed rule by the agency; or
                                            ``(bb) would, in light of 
                                        the need for agency action, 
                                        unreasonably delay completion 
                                        of the rulemaking; or
                                    ``(II) with respect to a rule that 
                                the agency is required to reissue not 
                                less frequently than once every 3 
                                years, the interested person submitting 
                                the petition could have raised the 
                                disputed factual issues in the petition 
                                during the 5-year period preceding the 
                                date on which the petition is 
                                submitted.
                            ``(iii) Inclusion in the record.--A 
                        petition submitted under clause (i) and the 
                        decision of an agency with respect to the 
                        petition shall be included in the rulemaking 
                        record.
            ``(2) Notice of hearing.--Not later than 45 days before the 
        date on which a hearing is held under this subsection, an 
        agency shall publish in the Federal Register a notice 
        specifying--
                    ``(A) the proposed rule to be considered at the 
                hearing; and
                    ``(B) the factual issues to be considered at the 
                hearing.
            ``(3) Hearing requirements.--
                    ``(A) Limited nature of hearing.--A hearing held 
                under this subsection shall be limited to--
                            ``(i) the specific factual issues raised in 
                        a petition granted in whole or in part under 
                        paragraph (1); and
                            ``(ii) any other factual issues the 
                        resolution of which an agency, in the 
                        discretion of the agency, determines will 
                        advance consideration by the agency of the 
                        proposed rule.
                    ``(B) Procedures.--
                            ``(i) Burden of proof.--Except as otherwise 
                        provided by statute, a proponent of a rule has 
                        the burden of proof in a hearing held under 
                        this subsection.
                            ``(ii) Admission of evidence.--In a hearing 
                        held under this subsection, any documentary or 
                        oral evidence may be received, except that an 
                        agency, as a matter of policy, shall provide 
                        for the exclusion of immaterial or unduly 
                        repetitious evidence.
                            ``(iii) Adoption of rules governing 
                        hearings.--To govern a hearing held under this 
                        subsection, each agency shall adopt rules that 
                        provide for--
                                    ``(I) the appointment of an agency 
                                official or administrative law judge to 
                                preside at the hearing;
                                    ``(II) the presentation by 
                                interested parties of relevant 
                                documentary or oral evidence, unless 
                                the evidence is immaterial or unduly 
                                repetitious;
                                    ``(III) a reasonable and adequate 
                                opportunity for cross-examination by 
                                interested parties concerning genuinely 
                                disputed factual issues raised by the 
                                petition, provided that, in the case of 
                                multiple interested parties with the 
                                same or similar interests, the agency 
                                may require the use of common counsel 
                                where the common counsel may adequately 
                                represent the interests that will be 
                                significantly affected by the proposed 
                                rule; and
                                    ``(IV) when appropriate, and to the 
                                extent practicable, the consolidation 
                                of proceedings with respect to multiple 
                                petitions submitted under this 
                                subsection into a single hearing.
                    ``(C) Record of hearing.--A transcript of testimony 
                and exhibits, together with all papers and requests 
                filed in the hearing, shall constitute the exclusive 
                record for decision of the factual issues addressed in 
                a hearing held under this subsection.
            ``(4) Judicial review.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Failure to petition for a 
                hearing under this subsection shall not preclude 
                judicial review of any claim that could have been 
                raised in the hearing petition or at the hearing.
                    ``(B) Timing of judicial review.--There shall be no 
                judicial review of the disposition of a petition by an 
                agency under this subsection until judicial review of 
                the final action of the agency.
    ``(f) Final Rules.--
            ``(1) Effectiveness of major or high-impact rule.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), in a rulemaking for a major rule or a 
                high-impact rule, an agency shall adopt the most cost-
                effective rule that--
                            ``(i) is considered under subsection 
                        (b)(4); and
                            ``(ii) meets relevant statutory objectives.
                    ``(B) Exception.--In a rulemaking for a major rule 
                or a high-impact rule, an agency may adopt a rule that 
                is more costly than the most cost-effective alternative 
                that would achieve the relevant statutory objectives 
                only if--
                            ``(i) the additional benefits of the more 
                        costly rule justify the additional costs of 
                        that rule;
                            ``(ii) the agency specifically identifies 
                        each additional benefit described in clause (i) 
                        and the cost of each such additional benefit; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) the agency explains why the agency 
                        adopted a rule that is more costly than the 
                        most cost-effective alternative.
            ``(2) Publication of notice of final rulemaking.--When an 
        agency adopts a final rule, the agency shall publish a notice 
        of final rulemaking in the Federal Register, which shall 
        include--
                    ``(A) a concise, general statement of the basis and 
                purpose of the rule;
                    ``(B) a reasoned determination by the agency 
                regarding the considerations described in subsection 
                (b);
                    ``(C) a response to each significant issue raised 
                in the comments on the proposed rule; and
                    ``(D) with respect to a major rule or a high-impact 
                rule, a reasoned determination by the agency that--
                            ``(i) the benefits of the rule advance the 
                        relevant statutory objectives and justify the 
                        costs of the rule; and
                            ``(ii)(I) no alternative considered would 
                        achieve the relevant statutory objectives in a 
                        more cost-effective manner than the rule; or
                            ``(II) the adoption by the agency of a more 
                        costly rule complies with paragraph (1)(B).
            ``(3) Information quality.--If an agency rulemaking rests 
        upon scientific, technical, or economic information, the agency 
        shall adopt a final rule on the basis of the best reasonably 
        available scientific, technical, or economic information.
            ``(4) Accessibility.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
                subparagraph (B), not later than the date on which an 
                agency publishes a notice of final rulemaking under 
                paragraph (2), all studies, models, scientific 
                literature, and other information developed or relied 
                upon by the agency, and actions taken by the agency to 
                obtain that information, in connection with the 
                determination of the agency to finalize the rule that 
                is the subject of the rulemaking shall be placed in the 
                docket for the rule and made accessible to the public.
                    ``(B) Exception.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply 
                with respect to information that is exempt from 
                disclosure under section 552(b).
            ``(5) Rules adopted at the end of a presidential 
        administration.--
                    ``(A) In general.--During the 60-day period 
                beginning on a transitional inauguration day (as 
                defined in section 3349a), with respect to any final 
                rule that had been placed on file for public inspection 
                by the Office of the Federal Register or published in 
                the Federal Register as of the date of the 
                inauguration, but which had not become effective by the 
                date of the inauguration, the agency issuing the rule 
                may, by order, delay the effective date of the rule for 
                not more than 90 days for the purpose of obtaining 
                public comment on whether--
                            ``(i) the rule should be amended or 
                        rescinded; or
                            ``(ii) the effective date of the rule 
                        should be further delayed.
                    ``(B) Opportunity for comment.--If an agency delays 
                the effective date of a rule under subparagraph (A), 
                the agency shall give the public not less than 30 days 
                to submit comments.
    ``(g) Applicability.--
            ``(1) Primacy of certain rulemaking considerations and 
        procedures in other federal laws.--
                    ``(A) Considerations.--If a rulemaking is 
                authorized under a Federal law that requires an agency 
                to consider, or prohibits an agency from considering, a 
                factor in a manner that is inconsistent with, or that 
                conflicts with, the requirements under this section, 
                for the purposes of this section, the requirement or 
                prohibition, as applicable, in that other Federal law 
                shall apply to the agency in the rulemaking.
                    ``(B) Procedural requirements.--If a rulemaking is 
                authorized under a Federal law that requires an agency 
                to follow or use, or prohibits an agency from following 
                or using, a procedure in a manner that is duplicative 
                of, or that conflicts with, a procedural requirement 
                under this section, for the purposes of this section, 
                the requirement or prohibition, as applicable, in that 
                other Federal law shall apply to the agency in the 
                rulemaking.
            ``(2) Guidance and rules of organization.--Except as 
        otherwise provided by law, this section shall not apply to 
        guidance or rules of agency organization, procedure, or 
        practice.
            ``(3) Exceptions for good cause.--
                    ``(A) Finding of good cause.--
                            ``(i) In general.--If an agency for good 
                        cause finds that compliance with subsection 
                        (c), (d), (e), or (f)(2)(B) before issuing a 
                        final rule is unnecessary, impracticable, or 
                        contrary to the public interest, that 
                        subsection shall not apply and the agency may 
                        issue the final rule or an interim final rule, 
                        as applicable, under subparagraph (B) or (C).
                            ``(ii) Incorporation of good cause 
                        finding.--If an agency makes a finding under 
                        clause (i), the agency shall include that 
                        finding and a brief statement with respect to 
                        the reasons for that finding in the final rule 
                        or interim final rule, as applicable, issued by 
                        the agency.
                    ``(B) Direct final rules.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), if an agency makes a finding under 
                        subparagraph (A)(i) that compliance with 
                        subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f)(2)(B) before 
                        issuing a final rule is unnecessary, the agency 
                        shall, before issuing the final rule--
                                    ``(I) publish in the Federal 
                                Register the text of the final rule, 
                                the brief statement required under 
                                subparagraph (A)(ii), and a notice of 
                                opportunity for public comment;
                                    ``(II) establish a comment period 
                                of not less than 30 days for any 
                                interested person to submit written 
                                material, data, views, or arguments 
                                with respect to the final rule; and
                                    ``(III) provide notice of the date 
                                on which the rule will take effect.
                            ``(ii) Exception.--An agency that made a 
                        finding described in clause (i) may choose not 
                        to follow the requirements under that clause if 
                        the agency determines that following the 
                        requirements would not expedite the issuance of 
                        the final rule.
                            ``(iii) Adverse comments.--If an agency 
                        receives significant adverse comments with 
                        respect to a rule during the comment period 
                        established under clause (i)(II), the agency 
                        shall--
                                    ``(I) withdraw the notice of final 
                                rulemaking published by the agency with 
                                respect to the rule; and
                                    ``(II) complete rulemaking in 
                                accordance with subsections (c), (d), 
                                (e), and (f), as applicable.
                    ``(C) Interim final rules.--
                            ``(i) In general.--If an agency for good 
                        cause finds that compliance with subsection 
                        (c), (d), (e), or (f)(2)(B) before issuing a 
                        final rule is impracticable or contrary to the 
                        public interest, the agency shall issue an 
                        interim final rule by--
                                    ``(I) publishing the interim final 
                                rule and a request for public comment 
                                in the portion of the Federal Register 
                                relating to final rules; and
                                    ``(II) providing a cross-reference 
                                in the portion of the Federal Register 
                                relating to proposed rules that 
                                requests public comment with respect to 
                                the rule not later than 60 days after 
                                the rule is published under subclause 
                                (I).
                            ``(ii) Interim period.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Not later than 
                                180 days after the date on which an 
                                agency issues an interim final rule 
                                under clause (i), the agency shall--
                                            ``(aa) rescind the interim 
                                        rule;
                                            ``(bb) initiate rulemaking 
                                        in accordance with subsections 
                                        (c) through (f); or
                                            ``(cc) take final action to 
                                        adopt a final rule.
                                    ``(II) No force or effect.--If, as 
                                of the end of the 180-day period 
                                described in subclause (I), an agency 
                                fails to take an action described in 
                                item (aa), (bb), or (cc) of that 
                                subclause, the interim final rule 
                                issued by the agency shall have no 
                                force or effect.
            ``(4) Exemption for monetary policy.--This section shall 
        not apply to a rulemaking or to guidance that concerns monetary 
        policy proposed or implemented by the Board of Governors of the 
        Federal Reserve System or the Federal Open Market Committee.
    ``(h) Date of Publication.--A final rule, a direct final rule 
described in subsection (g)(3)(B), or an interim final rule described 
in subsection (g)(3)(C) shall be published not later than 30 days (or, 
in the case of a major rule or a high-impact rule, not later than 60 
days) before the effective date of the rule, except--
            ``(1) for guidance; or
            ``(2) as otherwise provided by an agency for good cause and 
        as published with the rule.
    ``(i) Right To Petition and Review of Rules.--Each agency shall--
            ``(1) give interested persons the right to petition for the 
        issuance, amendment, or repeal of a rule; and
            ``(2) on a continuing basis, invite interested persons to 
        submit, by electronic means, suggestions for rules that warrant 
        retrospective review and possible modification or repeal.
    ``(j) Rulemaking Guidelines.--
            ``(1) Assessment of rules.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall 
                establish guidelines for the assessment, including the 
                quantitative and qualitative assessment, of--
                            ``(i) the costs and benefits of proposed 
                        and final rules;
                            ``(ii) the cost-effectiveness of proposed 
                        and final rules;
                            ``(iii) other economic issues that are 
                        relevant to rulemaking under this section or 
                        other sections of this part; and
                            ``(iv) risk assessments that are relevant 
                        to rulemaking under this section and other 
                        sections of this part.
                    ``(B) Agency analysis of rules.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The rigor of the cost-
                        benefit analysis required by the guidelines 
                        established under subparagraph (A) shall be 
                        commensurate, as determined by the 
                        Administrator, with the economic impact of a 
                        rule.
                            ``(ii) Risk assessment guidelines.--
                        Guidelines for a risk assessment described in 
                        subparagraph (A)(iv) shall include criteria 
                        for--
                                    ``(I) selecting studies and models;
                                    ``(II) evaluating and weighing 
                                evidence; and
                                    ``(III) conducting peer reviews.
                    ``(C) Updating guidelines.--Not less frequently 
                than once every 10 years, the Administrator shall 
                update the guidelines established under subparagraph 
                (A) to enable each agency to use the best available 
                techniques to quantify and evaluate present and future 
                benefits, costs, other economic issues, and risks as 
                objectively and accurately as practicable.
            ``(2) Simplification of rules.--
                    ``(A) Issuance of guidelines.--The Administrator 
                shall issue guidelines to promote coordination, 
                simplification, and harmonization of agency rules 
                during the rulemaking process.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--The guidelines issued by the 
                Administrator under subparagraph (A) shall advise each 
                agency to--
                            ``(i) avoid rules that are inconsistent or 
                        incompatible with, or duplicative of, other 
                        regulations of the agency and those of other 
                        agencies; and
                            ``(ii) draft the rules of the agency to be 
                        simple and easy to understand, with the goal of 
                        minimizing the potential for uncertainty and 
                        litigation arising from the uncertainty.
            ``(3) Consistency in rulemaking.--
                    ``(A) In general.--To promote consistency in 
                rulemaking, the Administrator shall--
                            ``(i) issue guidelines to ensure that 
                        rulemaking conducted in whole or in part under 
                        procedures specified in provisions of law other 
                        than those under this section conform with the 
                        procedures set forth in this section to the 
                        fullest extent allowed by law; and
                            ``(ii) issue guidelines for the conduct of 
                        hearings under subsection (e), which shall 
                        provide a reasonable opportunity for cross-
                        examination.
                    ``(B) Agency adoption of regulations.--Each agency 
                shall adopt regulations for the conduct of hearings 
                consistent with the guidelines issued under this 
                paragraph.
    ``(k) Agency Guidance; Procedures To Issue Major Guidance; 
Authority To Issue Guidelines for Issuance of Guidance.--
            ``(1) In general.--Agency guidance shall--
                    ``(A) not be used by an agency to foreclose 
                consideration of issues as to which the guidance 
                expresses a conclusion;
                    ``(B) state that the guidance is not legally 
                binding; and
                    ``(C) at the time the guidance is issued, or upon 
                request, be made available by the issuing agency to 
                interested persons and the public.
            ``(2) Procedures to issue major guidance.--Before issuing 
        any major guidance, an agency shall--
                    ``(A) make and document a reasoned determination 
                that--
                            ``(i) such guidance is understandable and 
                        complies with relevant statutory objectives and 
                        regulatory provisions; and
                            ``(ii) identifies the costs and benefits, 
                        including all costs and benefits to be 
                        considered during a rulemaking under subsection 
                        (b), of requiring conduct conforming to such 
                        guidance and assures that such benefits justify 
                        such costs; and
                    ``(B) confer with the Administrator on the issuance 
                of the major guidance to ensure that the guidance--
                            ``(i) is reasonable;
                            ``(ii) is understandable;
                            ``(iii) is consistent with relevant 
                        statutory and regulatory provisions and 
                        requirements or practices of other agencies;
                            ``(iv) does not produce costs that are 
                        unjustified by the benefits of the major 
                        guidance; and
                            ``(v) is otherwise appropriate.
            ``(3) Issuance of updated guidance.--
                    ``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall issue 
                updated guidelines for use by agencies in the issuance 
                of guidance documents.
                    ``(B) Requirements.--The guidelines issued by the 
                Administrator under subparagraph (A) shall advise each 
                agency--
                            ``(i) not to issue guidance documents that 
                        are inconsistent or incompatible with, or 
                        duplicative of, other rules of the agency and 
                        those of other agencies;
                            ``(ii) to draft the guidance documents of 
                        the agency to be simple and easy to understand, 
                        with the goal of minimizing the potential for 
                        uncertainty and litigation arising from the 
                        uncertainty; and
                            ``(iii) how to develop and implement a 
                        strategy to ensure the proper use of guidance 
                        by the agency.
    ``(l) Major Rule and High-Impact Rule Frameworks.--
            ``(1) In general.--Beginning on the date that is 180 days 
        after the date of enactment of this subsection, when an agency 
        publishes in the Federal Register--
                    ``(A) a proposed major rule or a proposed high-
                impact rule, the agency shall include a potential 
                framework for assessing the rule, which shall include a 
                general statement of how the agency intends to measure 
                the effectiveness of the rule; or
                    ``(B) a final major rule or a final high-impact 
                rule, the agency shall include a framework for 
                assessing the rule under paragraph (2), which shall 
                include--
                            ``(i) a clear statement of the regulatory 
                        objectives of the rule, including a summary of 
                        the benefit and cost of the rule;
                            ``(ii) the methodology by which the agency 
                        plans to analyze the rule, including metrics by 
                        which the agency can measure--
                                    ``(I) the effectiveness and 
                                benefits of the rule in producing the 
                                regulatory objectives of the rule; and
                                    ``(II) the impacts, including any 
                                costs, of the rule on regulated and 
                                other impacted entities;
                            ``(iii) a plan for gathering data regarding 
                        the metrics described in clause (ii) on an 
                        ongoing basis, or at periodic times, including 
                        a method by which the agency will invite the 
                        public to participate in the review process and 
                        seek input from other agencies; and
                            ``(iv) a specific timeframe, as appropriate 
                        to the rule and not more than 10 years after 
                        the effective date of the rule, under which the 
                        agency shall conduct the assessment of the rule 
                        in accordance with paragraph (2)(A).
            ``(2) Assessment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Each agency shall assess the 
                data collected under paragraph (1)(B)(iii), using the 
                methodology set forth in paragraph (1)(B)(ii) or any 
                other appropriate methodology developed after the 
                issuance of a final major rule or a final high-impact 
                rule to better determine whether the regulatory 
                objective was achieved, with respect to the rule--
                            ``(i) to analyze how the actual benefits 
                        and costs of the rule may have varied from 
                        those anticipated at the time the rule was 
                        issued; and
                            ``(ii) to determine whether--
                                    ``(I) the rule is accomplishing the 
                                regulatory objective of the rule;
                                    ``(II) the rule has been rendered 
                                unnecessary, taking into 
                                consideration--
                                            ``(aa) changes in the 
                                        subject area affected by the 
                                        rule; and
                                            ``(bb) whether the rule 
                                        overlaps, duplicates, or 
                                        conflicts with--

                                                    ``(AA) other rules; 
                                                or

                                                    ``(BB) to the 
                                                extent feasible, State 
                                                and local government 
                                                regulations;

                                    ``(III) the rule needs to be 
                                modified in order to accomplish the 
                                regulatory objective; and
                                    ``(IV) other alternatives to the 
                                rule or modification of the rule could 
                                better achieve the regulatory objective 
                                while imposing a smaller burden on 
                                society or increase cost-effectiveness, 
                                taking into consideration any cost 
                                already incurred.
                    ``(B) Different methodology.--If an agency uses a 
                methodology other than the methodology under paragraph 
                (1)(B)(ii) to assess data under subparagraph (A), the 
                agency shall include as part of the notice required to 
                be published under subparagraph (D) an explanation of 
                the changes in circumstances that necessitated the use 
                of that other methodology.
                    ``(C) Subsequent assessments.--
                            ``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii), if, after an assessment of a major 
                        rule or a high-impact rule under subparagraph 
                        (A), an agency determines that the rule will 
                        remain in effect with or without modification, 
                        the agency shall--
                                    ``(I) determine a specific time, as 
                                appropriate to the rule and not more 
                                than 10 years after the date on which 
                                the agency completes the assessment, 
                                under which the agency shall conduct 
                                another assessment of the rule in 
                                accordance with subparagraph (A); and
                                    ``(II) if the assessment conducted 
                                under subclause (I) does not result in 
                                a repeal of the rule, periodically 
                                assess the rule in accordance with 
                                subparagraph (A) to ensure that the 
                                rule continues to meet the regulatory 
                                objective.
                            ``(ii) Exemption.--The Administrator may 
                        exempt an agency from conducting a subsequent 
                        assessment of a rule under clause (i) if the 
                        Administrator determines that there is a 
                        foreseeable and apparent need for the rule 
                        beyond the timeframe required under clause 
                        (i)(I).
                    ``(D) Publication.--Not later than 180 days after 
                the date on which an agency completes an assessment of 
                a major rule or a high-impact rule under subparagraph 
                (A), the agency shall publish a notice of availability 
                of the results of the assessment in the Federal 
                Register, including the specific time for any 
                subsequent assessment of the rule under subparagraph 
                (C)(i), if applicable.
            ``(3) OIRA oversight.--The Administrator shall--
                    ``(A) issue guidance for agencies regarding the 
                development of the framework under paragraph (1) and 
                the conduct of the assessments under paragraph (2)(A);
                    ``(B) oversee the timely compliance of agencies 
                with this subsection;
                    ``(C) ensure that the results of each assessment 
                conducted under paragraph (2)(A) are--
                            ``(i) published promptly on a centralized 
                        Federal website; and
                            ``(ii) noticed in the Federal Register in 
                        accordance with paragraph (2)(D);
                    ``(D) encourage and assist agencies to streamline 
                and coordinate the assessment of major rules or high-
                impact rules with similar or related regulatory 
                objectives;
                    ``(E) exempt an agency from including the framework 
                required under paragraph (1)(B) when publishing a final 
                major rule or a final high-impact rule if the 
                Administrator determines that compliance with paragraph 
                (1)(B) is unnecessary, impracticable, or contrary to 
                the public interest, as described in subsection 
                (g)(3)(A)(i); and
                    ``(F) extend the deadline specified by an agency 
                for an assessment of a major rule or a high-impact rule 
                under paragraph (1)(B)(iv) or paragraph (2)(C)(i)(I) 
                for a period of not more than 90 days if the agency 
                justifies why the agency is unable to complete the 
                assessment by that deadline.
            ``(4) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this subsection 
        shall be construed to affect--
                    ``(A) the authority of an agency to assess or 
                modify a major rule or a high-impact rule of the agency 
                earlier than the end of the timeframe specified for the 
                rule under paragraph (1)(B)(iv); or
                    ``(B) any other provision of law that requires an 
                agency to conduct retrospective reviews of rules issued 
                by the agency.
            ``(5) Applicability.--
                    ``(A) In general.--This subsection shall not apply 
                to--
                            ``(i) a major rule or a high-impact rule of 
                        an agency--
                                    ``(I) that the Administrator 
                                reviewed before the date of enactment 
                                of this subsection;
                                    ``(II) for which the agency is 
                                required to conduct a retrospective 
                                review under any other provision of law 
                                that meets or exceeds the requirements 
                                of this subsection, as determined by 
                                the Administrator; or
                                    ``(III) for which the authorizing 
                                statute is subject to periodic 
                                reauthorization by Congress not less 
                                frequently than once every 10 years;
                            ``(ii) interpretative rules, general 
                        statements of policy, or rules of agency 
                        organization, procedure, or practice;
                            ``(iii) routine and administrative rules; 
                        or
                            ``(iv) a rule that is reviewed under 
                        section 2222 of the Economic Growth and 
                        Regulatory Paperwork Reduction Act of 1996 (12 
                        U.S.C. 3311).
                    ``(B) Direct and interim final major rule or high-
                impact rule.--In the case of a major rule or a high-
                impact rule of an agency for which the agency is not 
                required to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking in 
                response to an emergency or a statutorily imposed 
                deadline, the agency shall publish the framework 
                required under paragraph (1)(B) in the Federal Register 
                not later than 180 days after the date on which the 
                agency publishes the rule.
            ``(6) Recommendations to congress.--If, under an assessment 
        conducted under paragraph (2), an agency determines that a 
        major rule or a high-impact rule should be modified or 
        repealed, the agency may submit to Congress recommendations for 
        legislation to amend applicable provisions of law if the agency 
        is prohibited from modifying or repealing the rule under 
        another provision of law.
            ``(7) Judicial review.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Judicial review of agency 
                compliance with this subsection is limited to whether 
                an agency--
                            ``(i) published the framework for 
                        assessment of a major rule or a high-impact 
                        rule in accordance with paragraph (1); or
                            ``(ii) completed and published the required 
                        assessment of a major rule or a high-impact 
                        rule in accordance with subparagraphs (A) and 
                        (D) of paragraph (2).
                    ``(B) Remedy available.--In granting relief in an 
                action brought under subparagraph (A), a court may only 
                issue an order remanding the major rule or the high-
                impact rule, as applicable, to the agency to comply 
                with paragraph (1) or subparagraph (A) or (D) of 
                paragraph (2), as applicable.
                    ``(C) Effective date of major rule.--If, in an 
                action brought under subparagraph (A)(i), a court 
                determines that the agency did not comply, the major 
                rule or the high-impact rule, as applicable, shall take 
                effect notwithstanding any order issued by the court.
                    ``(D) Administrator.--Any determination, action, or 
                inaction of the Administrator under this subsection 
                shall not be subject to judicial review.''.

SEC. 4. SCOPE OF REVIEW.

    Section 706 of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in the first sentence of the matter preceding paragraph 
        (1), by striking ``To the extent necessary'' and inserting 
        ``(a) In General.--To the extent necessary''; and
            (2) in subsection (a), as so designated--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by inserting ``, or, when appropriate, 
                        remand a matter to an agency without setting 
                        aside,'' after ``set aside''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (F), by striking the 
                        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
                    (C) by striking the flush text following paragraph 
                (2)(F) and inserting the following:
            ``(3) with respect to the review of a high-impact rule, as 
        defined in section 551(16), determine whether the factual 
        findings of the agency issuing the rule are supported by 
        substantial evidence.
    ``(b) Review of Entire Record; Prejudicial Error.--In making a 
determination under subsection (a), the court shall review the whole 
record or those parts of it cited by a party, and due account shall be 
taken of the rule of prejudicial error.
    ``(c) Preclusion of Review.--The determination of whether a rule is 
a major rule within the meaning of subparagraphs (B) and (C) of section 
551(18) shall not be subject to judicial review.
    ``(d) Review of Certain Guidance.--Agency guidance that does not 
interpret a statute or rule may be reviewed only under subsection 
(a)(2)(D).
    ``(e) Agency Interpretation of Rules.--The weight that a reviewing 
court gives an interpretation by an agency of a rule of that agency 
shall depend on the thoroughness evident in the consideration of the 
rule by the agency, the validity of the reasoning of the agency, and 
the consistency of the interpretation with earlier and later 
pronouncements.''.

SEC. 5. ADDED DEFINITIONS.

    Section 701(b) of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)(H), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3);
            (3) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
            ``(2) `guidance' has the meaning given the term in section 
        551;'';
            (4) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated, by striking the 
        period at the end and inserting ``; and''; and
            (5) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) `substantial evidence' means such relevant evidence 
        as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a 
        conclusion in light of the record considered as a whole.''.

SEC. 6. APPLICATION.

    The amendments made by this Act to sections 553, 701(b), and 706 of 
title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to any rulemaking, as 
defined in section 551 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by 
section 2 of this Act, that is pending or completed as of the date of 
enactment of this Act.

SEC. 7. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

    (a) Consumer Product Safety Act.--Section 9(i) of the Consumer 
Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2058(i)) is amended, in the first 
sentence, by striking ``section 553(e)'' and inserting ``section 
553(i)''.
    (b) Defense Production Act of 1950.--Section 709(b)(1) of the 
Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4559(b)(1)) is amended by 
striking ``for not less than 30 days, consistent with the requirements 
of section 553(b)'' and inserting ``in a manner consistent with the 
requirements of section 553(c)''.
    (c) Endangered Species Act of 1973.--Section 4(b)(3) of the 
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (16 U.S.C. 1533(b)(3)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (A), in the first sentence, by striking 
        ``section 553(e)'' and inserting ``section 553(i)''; and
            (2) in subparagraph (D)(i), in the first sentence, by 
        striking ``section 553(e)'' and inserting ``section 553(i)''.
    (d) Expedited Funds Availability Act.--Section 609(a) of the 
Expedited Funds Availability Act (12 U.S.C. 4008(a)) is amended, in the 
matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``section 553(c)'' and 
inserting ``section 553''.
    (e) Federal Hazardous Substances Act.--Section 3 of the Federal 
Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1262) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (e)(1), by striking ``(other than clause 
        (B) of the last sentence of subsection (b) of such section) of 
        title 5 of the United States Code'' and inserting ``of title 5, 
        United States Code, other than subsection (g)(3) of such 
        section,''; and
            (2) in subsection (j), by striking ``section 553(e)'' and 
        inserting ``section 553(i)''.
    (f) Flammable Fabrics Act.--The Flammable Fabrics Act (15 U.S.C. 
1191 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 4(k) (15 U.S.C. 1193(k)), in the first 
        sentence, by striking ``section 553(e)'' and inserting 
        ``section 553(i)''; and
            (2) in section 16(c)(2) (15 U.S.C. 1203(c)(2)), by striking 
        ``section 553(b)'' and inserting ``section 553(c)''.
    (g) General Education Provisions Act.--Section 411 of the General 
Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1221e-4) is amended, in the second 
sentence, by striking ``Notwithstanding the exception provided under 
section 553(b) of title 5, such'' and inserting ``Such''.
    (h) Housing and Community Development Act of 1992.--The Housing and 
Community Development Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4501 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 643(b)(3) (42 U.S.C. 13603(b)(3)), in the 
        first sentence, by striking ``(notwithstanding subsections 
        (a)(2), (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section)'' and inserting 
        ``(notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (g)(3), and (h)(2) of 
        such section)''; and
            (2) in section 685 (42 U.S.C. 13643), in the second 
        sentence, by striking ``(notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), 
        (b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section)'' and inserting 
        ``(notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), (g)(3), and (h)(2) of 
        such section)''.
    (i) Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972.--Section 109(d)(2) of the 
Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 (16 U.S.C. 1379(d)(2)) is amended, 
in the second sentence, by striking ``subsection (d) of such section 
553'' and inserting ``subsection (h) of such section 553''.
    (j) McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act.--Section 433 of the 
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11387) is amended, in 
the second sentence, by striking ``(notwithstanding subsections (a)(2), 
(b)(B), and (d)(3) of such section)'' and inserting ``(notwithstanding 
subsections (a)(2), (g)(3), and (h)(2) of such section)''.
    (k) Native American Programs Act of 1974.--Section 814 of the 
Native American Programs Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 2992b-1) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``Subparagraph 
                (A) of the last sentence of section 553(b) of title 5, 
                United States Code, shall not apply with respect to any 
                interpretative rule or general statement of policy'' 
                and inserting ``Section 553(c) of title 5, United 
                States Code, shall apply with respect to guidance'';
                    (B) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding subparagraph 
                        (A), by striking ``Subparagraph (B) of the last 
                        sentence of section 553(b)'' and inserting 
                        ``Section 553(g)(3)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``an interpretative rule 
                        or a general statement of policy'' and 
                        inserting ``guidance''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (3), in the matter preceding 
                subparagraph (A)--
                            (i) by striking ``The first 2 sentences of 
                        section 553(b)'' and inserting ``Section 
                        553(c)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``an interpretative rule, 
                        a general statement of policy,'' and inserting 
                        ``guidance'';
            (2) in subsection (c)--
                    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)--
                            (i) by striking ``section 553(d)'' and 
                        inserting ``section 553(h)''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``an interpretative rule) 
                        or general statement of policy'' and inserting 
                        ``guidance)''; and
                    (B) in the flush text following paragraph (2), by 
                striking ``the first 2 sentences of section 553(b)'' 
                and inserting ``section 553(c)'';
            (3) in subsection (d), by striking ``an interpretative 
        rule) and each general statement of policy'' and inserting 
        ``guidance)'';
            (4) in subsection (e)--
                    (A) by striking ``any interpretative rule) or a 
                general statement of policy'' and inserting 
                ``guidance)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``or such general statement of 
                policy'';
            (5) in subsection (f)--
                    (A) by striking ``an interpretative rule) or a 
                general statement of policy'' and inserting 
                ``guidance)''; and
                    (B) by striking ``or such general statement of 
                policy''; and
            (6) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(g) In this section, the term `guidance' has the meaning given 
the term in section 551 of title 5, United States Code.''.
    (l) Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978.--Section 502(b) of the Natural 
Gas Policy Act of 1978 (15 U.S.C. 3412(b)) is amended, in the third 
sentence, by striking ``section 553(d)(3)'' and inserting ``section 
553(h)(2)''.
    (m) Noise Control Act of 1972.--Section 6(c)(2) of the Noise 
Control Act of 1972 (42 U.S.C. 4905(c)(2)) is amended by striking ``the 
first sentence of section 553(c) of title 5'' and inserting ``section 
553(c)(4)(A) of title 5''.
    (n) Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970.--The Poison Prevention 
Packaging Act of 1970 (15 U.S.C. 1471 et seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 5(a) (15 U.S.C. 1474(a)), in the first 
        sentence, by striking ``other than paragraph (3)(B) of the last 
        sentence of subsection (b) of such section'' and inserting 
        ``other than subsection (g)(3) of such section''; and
            (2) in section 7(c)(2) (15 U.S.C. 1476(c)(2)), by striking 
        ``section 553(b)'' and inserting ``section 553(c)''.
    (o) Poultry Products Inspection Act.--Section 14(c) of the Poultry 
Products Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 463(c)) is amended by striking 
``section 553(c) of title 5, United States Code'' and inserting 
``section 553(c)(4) of title 5, United States Code,''.
    (p) Rural Electrification Act of 1936.--Section 206(a)(1) of the 
Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 927(a)(1)) is amended by 
striking ``subsections (b) through (e)'' and inserting ``subsections 
(b) through (k)''.
    (q) Social Security Act.--The Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 301 et 
seq.) is amended--
            (1) in section 221(j) (42 U.S.C. 421(j)), in the flush text 
        following paragraph (3), by striking ``in accordance with 
        section 553(b)(A) of title 5, United States Code'' and all that 
        follows through ``and statements'' and inserting ``in 
        accordance with section 553(g)(2) of title 5, United States 
        Code, of guidance or rules of agency organization, procedure, 
        or practice relating to consultative examinations if such 
        guidance and rules''; and
            (2) in section 1871(b)(2) (42 U.S.C. 1395hh(b)(2)), by 
        striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following:
                    ``(C) subsection (c) of section 553 of title 5, 
                United States Code, does not apply pursuant to 
                subsection (g)(3) of such section.''.
    (r) Title 5, United States Code.--Title 5, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in section 556(d), in the sixth sentence, by striking 
        ``rule making'' and inserting ``rulemaking'';
            (2) in section 557(b), in the fourth sentence of the matter 
        preceding paragraph (1), by striking ``rule making'' and 
        inserting ``rulemaking'';
            (3) in section 562(11), by striking ``means `rule making' 
        as that term is defined in section 551(5) of this title'' and 
        inserting ``has the meaning given the term in section 551'';
            (4) in section 601(2), by striking ``section 553(b)'' and 
        inserting ``section 553(c)'';
            (5) in section 1103(b)(1), by striking ``section 553(b)(1), 
        (2), and (3)'' and inserting ``section 553(c)''; and
            (6) in section 1105, by striking ``subsections (b), (c), 
        and (d)'' and inserting ``subsections (b) through (h) and 
        (j)''.
    (s) Title 41, United States Code.--Section 8503(a)(2) of title 41, 
United States Code, is amended by striking ``section 553(b) to (e)'' 
and inserting ``section 553''.
    (t) Title 46, United States Code.--Section 14104(b) of title 46, 
United States Code, is amended, in the second sentence, by striking 
``shall be considered to be an interpretive regulation for purposes of 
section 553 of title 5'' and inserting ``shall be subject to section 
553 of title 5''.
    (u) Toxic Substances Control Act.--Section 19(c)(1)(B)(ii) of the 
Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2618(c)(1)(B)(ii)) is amended 
by striking ``section 553(c)'' and inserting ``section 553(f)(2)''.
                                                       Calendar No. 312

115th CONGRESS

  2d Session

                                 S. 951

                          [Report No. 115-208]

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL

 To reform the process by which Federal agencies analyze and formulate 
    new regulations and guidance documents, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

                           February 14, 2018

                       Reported with an amendment
```