IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE

TRACY DEROCK )

)

Appellant, )

)

v. ) C.A. No. N22A-05-008 CEB

)

UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE )

APPEAL BOARD, )

)

Appellee. )

Submitted: March 3, 2023

Decided: May 18, 2023

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Upon Appeal from the Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board,

AFFIRMED.

Tracy DeRock, pro se. Appellant.

Daniel C. Mulveny, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Wilmington, Delaware. 

Attorney for Appellee Delaware Unemployment Insurance Appeal Board.

Victoria W. Counihan, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General, Wilmington, Delaware. 

Attorney for Appellee Delaware Division of Unemployment Insurance.

BUTLER, R.J.
2

This is an appeal from a decision of the Unemployment Insurance Appeal 

Board (“Board”) denying Appellant Tracy DeRock’s (“DeRock”) petition for 

eligibility. After considering DeRock’s Opening Brief,1the Board’s letter in lieu of 

answering brief,2the Delaware Division of Unemployment Insurance’s (“Division”) 

letter in lieu of answering brief,

3 DeRock’s Reply Brief,4

and the record, the Court 

concludes the Board’s decision must be AFFIRMED.

BACKGROUND

I. The Determination

DeRock was employed by Dollar Tree Stores Inc. as an assistant store 

manager.5 She stopped working for Dollar Tree in December 2019 for medical 

reasons and was out on short term disability.

6

 After the short term disability ran out, 

DeRock requested “two or three more weeks” without pay until the end of March 

2020.7 Then came the onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic. DeRock’s primary care 

doctor stated that given the preexisting medical condition for which she originally 

stopped working, he felt it was now too dangerous for her to work until she was 

1 Appellant’s Opening Br., D.I. 12. [hereinafter “Appellant’s Opening Br.”].

2 Board’s Ans., D.I. 14.

3 Division’s Ans., D.I. 15. Pursuant to 19 Del. C. § 3322(b), the Division is a 

statutory party in interest.

4 Appellant’s Reply Br., D.I. 16 [hereinafter “Appellant’s Reply Br.”].

5 Notice of Board Decision, R. 26.

6

Id.

7 See Board Hr’g Tr., R. 37 at 6:6–12.
3

vaccinated.8 DeRock asked Dollar Tree for a job where she would not interact with 

customers.9 Dollar Tree told her that was not possible.

10

 So on April 5, 2020, 

DeRock filed for unemployment insurance benefits.11

DeRock received benefits until December 23, 2021, when she was mailed a 

Notice of Determination.12 The Determination held DeRock was ineligible for 

unemployment benefits, effective with or for the week ending April 11, 2020—the 

week she began receiving benefits—because she was not “able to work and . . . 

available for work” as required by 19 Del. C. § 3315(3).13 Overpayment was to be 

established based on this decision.14

II. The Referee’s Decision

On January 4, 2022, DeRock appealed the Determination to the Division.15 

The Division held a telephonic hearing on February 8, 2022, at which an Appeals 

Referee (“Referee”) considered the appeal de novo.

16

 During the hearing, DeRock 

testified that she was on short term disability due to kidney trouble and then was told 

by her doctor that, because of COVID, it was too dangerous for her to return to work

8 Notice of Board Decision, R. 26.

9

Id.

10 Id.

11 Id.

12 Id. at R. 100.

13 Notice of Board Decision, R. 100.

14 Id.

15 Notice of Referee’s Appeal, R. 96.

16 See Referee’s Hr’g Tr., R. 57–93.
4

until she was vaccinated, which prompted her to apply for unemployment benefits.

17

DeRock said she received her first COVID vaccine in August or September 2021, 

and her second vaccine four to six weeks later.18 She then spoke to her doctor, who 

advised her that the COVID virus was ramping up again.19 

DeRock explained that she then asked Dollar Tree for a position where she 

could sit down most of the time.

20

 Dollar Tree told her that was not possible, but 

encouraged her to reach out when she was able to come back to work without 

restrictions.21 DeRock testified that she was looking for work, but only at-home 

positions where she could sit down in anticipation of having knee surgery.22

Following the hearing, the Referee upheld the Determination finding DeRock 

ineligible for unemployment benefits.23 The Referee determined that DeRock was 

not able and available to work because she had not been released by her doctor to 

return to work without restrictions.24 DeRock, therefore, did not meet the “able and 

available to work” eligibility requirement under 19 Del. C. § 3315(3).

17 Id. at R. 67 at 11:14–24, R. 70 at 14:13–20. A doctor’s note was provided stating 

the same. See Claimant’s Ex. 1, R. 56.

18 Referee’s Hr’g Tr., R. 74 at 18:10–24.

19 Id. at R. 75 at 19:11–19.

20 Id. at R. 75–76 at 19:19–20:4.

21 Id. at R. 80 at 24:8–16.

22 Id. at R. 77–78 at 22:21–23:7.

23 Notice of Referee’s Decision, R. 52–54.

24 Id. at R. 53.
5

III. The Board’s Decision

On February 21, 2022, DeRock appealed the Referee’s decision to the 

Board.25 The Board held a review hearing on March 30, 2022.26 During the hearing, 

DeRock stated that during COVID, unemployment offices were backlogged so

trying to communicate was very difficult.27 She noted that she did not start receiving

benefits until after contacting the Office of the Governor and her local representative

for help.

28 DeRock further clarified that she had requested light duty from Dollar 

Tree and her doctor had not approved her for work with the public until November 

2021.29 

On April 22, 2022, the Board affirmed the Referee’s decision.30 The Board 

concluded that because DeRock was unable to work for health reasons, she was not 

able and available to work and therefore ineligible for unemployment benefits.31 

DeRock timely appealed the Board’s decision to this Court.32

25 Notice of Board Appeal, R. 48.

26 See Board Hr’g Tr., R. 32–44.

27 Id. at R. 37–38 at 6:22–7:17.

28 Id.

29 Id. at R. 38–39 at 7:20–8:12.

30 See Notice of Board Decision, R. 26–28.

31 Id. at R. 27–28.

32 See DeRock’s Notice of Appeal, R. 3.
6

STANDARD OF REVIEW

The Superior Court plays a limited role when reviewing a decision on appeal 

from the Board. Factual findings, “if supported by evidence . . . shall be conclusive 

and the Court shall be confined to questions of law.”33 The Court is limited to an 

evaluation of the record “to determine only and whether or not there was substantial 

evidence to support the findings of the Board.”34 Substantial evidence “means such 

relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a 

conclusion.”35 

Conclusions of law are reviewed de novo.

36

 The Court will review the Board’s 

discretionary rulings for abuse of discretion.37 Only if the Board “acts arbitrarily or 

capriciously, or exceeds the bounds of reason in view of the circumstances and has 

ignored recognized rules of law or practice so as to produce injustice” will the Court 

overturn the ruling.38

ANALYSIS

DeRock asserts the following grounds as the bases for her appeal: (1) the 

Division previously deemed her eligible for benefits; (2) the Division is illegally 

33 19 Del. C. § 3323(a).

34 Gen. Motors Corp. v. Freeman, 164 A.2d 686, 689 (Del. 1960).

35 Oceanport Indus., Inc. v. Wilmington Stevedores, Inc., 636 A.2d 892, 899 (Del. 

1994) (citing Olney v. Cooch, 425 A.2d 610, 614 (Del. 1981)).

36 LeVan v. Indep. Mall, Inc., 940 A.2d 929, 932 (Del. 2007).

37 Funk v. Unemployment Ins. Appeal Bd., 591 A.2d 222, 225 (Del. 1991).

38 Oceanport Indus., 636 A.2d at 899 (citing Olney, 425 A.2d at 614).
7

charging her for overpayment of benefits; (3) the determination of her ineligibility 

comes as retribution for contacting the Office of the Governor; and (4) the appeal 

process has been based on inaccurate information.39 

There is no evidence in the Record of retaliation against DeRock for 

contacting elected officials. Given that this claim is unsubstantiated, the Court will 

only address grounds (1), (2), and (4).

I. The Court will not consider facts raised for the first time on appeal.

DeRock argues the Board’s decision “was not supported by substantial 

evidence, nor based on a correct and complete understanding of the facts.”40 She 

claims the Division did not provide the Board with a correct and complete record of 

the facts, and implores the Court to consider various emails and a news article not 

included in the record before the Board.

41

 But the Superior Court is limited to a 

consideration of the record which was before the administrative agency.42 “Thus a 

claimant, appealing the decision of the Board, may not supplement the record with 

facts not previously raised.”43 The Court cannot now consider new emails or articles 

that were not before the Board in reviewing the Board’s decision.

39 Id.

40 Appellant’s Opening Br. at 6.

41 Appellant’s Reply Br. at 1–2.

42 Hubbard v. Unemployment Ins. Appeal Bd., 352 A.2d 761, 763 (Del. 1976).

43 Bossert v. Div. of Unemployment Ins., 2022 WL 17249305, at *3 (Del. Super. Nov. 

22, 2022) (citing Torres v. MOT Charter Sch., 2022 WL 1584508, at *2 (Del. Super. 

May 19, 2022)).
8

II. The Board did not abuse its discretion in finding DeRock ineligible for 

unemployment benefits and demanding repayment.

1. DeRock’s appeal is based on a misunderstanding of the “able and 

available” requirement.

A claimant for unemployment benefits must be able, available, and actively 

seeking work.44 DeRock argues that she was ready and available to work but could 

not through no fault of her own.45 Had Dollar Tree made accommodations for her 

to work away from the public and thereby not risk exposure to COVID, DeRock 

argues she would have remained employed.46 

But DeRock misreads the “able and available” to work requirement. A 

claimant is not “able and available” if she is cleared to work with restrictions an 

employer cannot accommodate.47 Unemployment insurance is not health insurance 

or disability insurance, and its benefits are not available to those unable or 

unavailable to work due to medical conditions.

48 Dollar Tree was unable to 

accommodate DeRock’s need to work away from the public and she was not cleared

44 19 Del. C. § 3315(3).

45 Appellant’s Opening Br. at 8.

46 Id.

47 Garrett v. Unemployment Ins. Appeal Bd., 2017 WL 2705382, at *2 (Del. Super. 

June 22, 2017).

48 Id.
9

to work with the public until November 2021.49 So DeRock was not “able and 

available” within the meaning of 19 Del. C. § 3315(3).

There is, or was, a separate pandemic-related employee benefit for claimants 

unable or unavailable to work for a list of specific pandemic-related reasons called 

Pandemic Unemployment Assistance (“PUA”).50 The Board previously advised 

DeRock that she may or may not be eligible for PUA benefits when it deemed her 

ineligible for unemployment benefits.51 That is not to say DeRock is guaranteed 

PUA benefits, as PUA has its own eligibility requirements to be determined at the 

time of filing.52 

2. The Board is entitled to repayment.

DeRock argues that, even if she is ineligible for unemployment benefits, the 

Division “is [illegally] seeking to recoup the benefits for an error for which the 

Division is solely responsible.”53 But under 19 Del. C. § 3325(a), if it is finally 

determined that an individual received benefits for which they were not entitled, the 

49 Whether Dollar Tree had a duty to make “reasonable accommodations” given 

DeRock’s medical condition is not an issue in this appeal and the Court, therefore, 

does not consider it. See generally 42 U.S.C. § 12112; 19 Del. C. § 723.

50 See Pandemic Unemployment Assistance, 

Delaware Department of Labor, https://labor.delaware.gov/divisions/unemployment

-insurance/unemployment-benefits-faqs/pua-rights (last visited May 12, 2023).

51 See Notice of Board Decision, R. 28 at n.5.

52 For more information on PUA benefits see Pandemic Unemployment Assistance, 

Delaware Department of Labor, https://labor.delaware.gov/divisions/unemployment

-insurance/unemployment-benefits-faqs/pua-rights (last visited May 12, 2023).

53 Appellant’s Opening Br. at 8.
10

individual shall repay that amount.54 “The individual is liable regardless of whether 

the overpayment was received through fraud or mistake, or whether the individual 

was legally awarded the payment of benefits at the time but on appeal was 

subsequently found not to be entitled thereto.”

55

 The Division is entitled to 

recoupment even if the recipient was unaware that payments might later be 

determined to have been made in error. 

CONCLUSION

The Court finds there is substantial evidence to support the Board’s finding 

that DeRock was ineligible to receive unemployment benefits, effective the week 

ending April 11, 2020. Although DeRock argues otherwise, the Board’s decision is 

well-supported by the Delaware Code and the Record. For the foregoing reasons, 

the decision of the Board is hereby AFFIRMED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Charles E. Butler, Resident Judge

54 19 Del. C. § 3325(a).

55 Id. (emphasis added).