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LAP Handbook

OPERATIONAL AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

OF THE

LABORATORY ACCREDITATION PROGRAM

FOR

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

NBSIR 85-3171

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Office of Product Standards Policy

Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

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COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS LAP HANDBOOK

OPERATIONAL AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

OF THE

LABORATORY ACCREDITATION PROGRAM

FOR

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS

NBSIR 85-3171

Wiley A. Hall, Jr. Robert L. Gladhill

Jeffrey Horlick

Harvey W. Berger

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

Office of Product Standards Policy

Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899

May 1985

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS. Ernest Ambler. Director

Table of Contents

Page

I. THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS LAP AT A GLANCE 1

II. INTRODUCTION 2

III. ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS 4

Laboratory Code Number 4

Accreditation Period 4

Renewal 4

Publicizing Accreditation Status 4

By NVLAP

By Laboratories

Compliance with Existing Laws 5 Accreditation Process 5 Application and Fees

Approved Signatory

Technical Experts

On-site Assessment

Monitoring Visits

Proficiency Testing

Technical Evaluation

Administrative Review

Accreditation Actions. 10

IV. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 11

Scope of LAP 11

Quality Assurance System 11

Documentation

Personnel

Equipment and Facilities

Equipment Maintenance and Calibration

Recordkeeping

Test Report 14

V. PROFICIENCY TESTING 15

Paint and Related Coatings and Materials 15

Paper and Related Products and Packaging 16

Mattresses 17

APPENDICES

NVLAP Accreditation Criteria (December 1984)

NVLAP Lab Bulletin No. 3A

Test Method List

i i i

I. THE COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS LAP AT A GLANCE

This document presents the operational and technical requirements of the

Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP) for Commercial Products, including paint

and related coatings and materials, paper and related products, and mattresses.

All of the steps leading to accreditation are described. Explanation of

technical requirements indicate how the NVLAP criteria are applied.

The laboratory accreditation program for conmercial products was established in

1984 in response to a request from the International Coalition for Procurement

Standards (ICPS). The purpose of the LAP is to enable accreditation of

laboratories so that purchasing authorities may meaningfully specify in their

contracts that materials be tested by laboratories accredited under NVLAP.

Accreditation is available to any organization, including commercial

laboratories; a manufacturer's laboratories ; and Federal, state, or local

government laboratories that test paint, paper, or mattresses using the test

methods listed in the Appendix.

Products covered: Paint and related coatings and materials, paper and related

products, and mattresses.

Period of accreditation: One year

On-site assessment frequency: After initial application and every two years

thereafter

Proficiency testing:

Paint: Participation in the Paint Proficiency Testing Program conducted by

Collaborative Testing Services, Inc. (CTS) and the Federation of

Societies for Coating Technology.

Paper: Participation in the Paper Proficiency Testing Program conducted by

CTS and the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry

(TAPPI).

Mattresses: Proficiency testing program to be developed.

Proficiency testing frequency: In accordance with the CTS programs described

above

.

Fees: Administrative fee, one-time initial fee, and total test melnod fee

based on the number of test methods selected. Proficiency testing fee

paid directly to CTS.
II. INTRODUCTION

Background

The U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards (NBS) administers

the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP). NVLAP's

function is to accredit public and private testing laboratories based on evaluation of their technical qualifications and competence for conducting

specific test methods in specified fields of testing. Accreditation is granted

on the basis of conformance with criteria published in the Code of Federal

Regulations as part of the NVLAP procedures (15 CFR Part 7). (See Appendix.)

This document is intended for use by staff of accredited 1 aboratories, those

seeking accreditation, other laboratory accreditation systems, and others

needing information on the requirements for NVLAP accreditation under this LAP.

This document is generally included in the NVLAP Application Package along with

General Application Forms, Test Method Selection Lists, and other materials

needed to apply for or renew accreditation. It presents the administrative and

operational procedures and technical requirements of the LAP and should be

retained and be readily accessible to laboratory personnel.

NVLAP Accreditation

Accreditation is granted only after thorough evaluation of the applicant has

demonstrated that all NVLAP criteria have been met. The accreditation is

formalized through issuance of a Certificate of Accreditation, Scope of

Accreditation and publicized by announcement in various government and private

media.

NVLAP accreditation is available to commercial laboratories, manufacturer's

in-house 1 aboratories, university laboratories. Federal, State, and local

government laboratories. Foreign- based laboratories may also be accredited by

NBS if they meet the same requirements as domestic laboratories and pay any

additional fees required.

Why NVLAP Accreditation ?

The reasons why a laboratory may wish to be accredited include: legal

requirements such as regulations or codes, contract specifications, and the

desire to be recognized as being demonstrably competent to meet the needs of

its clients.

For accreditation to be meaningful, it must be granted by a clearly credible

organization. NVLAP provides an unbiased third party evaluation and

recognition of performance as well as expert technical assistance to upgrade

laboratory performance.

2
Testing Laboratory Defined

NVLAP defines a "testing laboratory" as an organization that provides services

to measure, examine, test, calibrate, or otherwise determine the

characteristics or performance of products or systems.

Accreditation Defined

NVLAP accreditation means recognition of a testing laboratory's competence to

perform specific test methods in specified fields of testing. It means that

the laboratory's quality system, staff, facilities and equipment, calibration

procedures, test methods and procedures, records, and test reports, have been

evaluated and found to meet NVLAP criteria. NVLAP accreditation does not mean

a guarantee (certification) of laboratory performance or product test data; it

is a finding of laboratory competence.

For further information about NVLAP, or assistance in understanding and meeting

the NVLAP requirements and criteria, please write or call:

NVLAP

National Bureau of Standards

ADMIN A531

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

Phone: 301- 975-4016

3
III. ADMINISTRATIVE AND OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Note: Administrative and operational requirements presented here are generally

applicable to all NVLAP programs . Technical and proficiency requirements

are specifically applicable to this LAP.

LABORATORY CODE NUMBER

Each participating laboratory is assigned a four-digit laboratory code number.

The code number is used by the NVLAP staff for identification, filing,

recordkeeping, and database management. Participants are requested to put

their Lab Code number on all correspondence with NVLAP.

ACCREDITATION PERIOD

Accreditation is granted for a period specified in the LAP Application Package

(usually one year). The accreditation period begins on one of four dates:

January 1, April 1, July 1, or October 1. Once a laboratory has been assigned

an accreditation date, it retains that date as long as it remains in the

program. Accreditation expires and is renewed on that date.

RENEWAL

Each participating laboratory will be sent a renewal Application Package, well

in advance of the expiration date of its accreditation, to allow sufficient

time to complete the renewal process. The renewal application contains the same forms used for initial application, and the laboratory need only indicate

where changes have occurred from the previous period in personnel, equipment,

facilities, or the scope of accreditation desired.

With the exception of an initiation fee for new applicants, the technical

requirements and fees are the same as for initial accreditation. The

application and fees must be received by NBS prior to expiration of the

laboratory's current accreditation to avoid a lapse in accreditation.

PUBLICIZING ACCREDITATION STATUS

BY NVLAP

NVLAP publishes an annual Directory of Accredited Laboratories. The Directory

contains the name and address, scope of accreditation, contact person, and the

accreditation renewal date for each accredited laboratory. Supplements to the

Directory are published quarterly to cover interim accreditation actions

including initial accreditations, renewals, suspensions, terminations, and

revocations. The Directory is distributed nationally and internationally to

manufacturers , suppliers, retailers, professional and trade associations, code

groups, and government agencies.

4
BY LABORATORIES

Accredited laboratories are encouraged, within specified limits, to publicize

their accredited status. The major restriction is that advertising must not

imply product certification by NBS or the U.S. Government. Laboratories and

their clients may not reference their accredited status in consumer media, in

product advertising, or on product labels, containers or packaging.

A laboratory may cite its accredited status and use NVLAP logos on reports,

stationery, and in business and trade publications provided that it is clearly

indicated that it is the laboratory which is accredited. NVLAP Lab Bulletin

No. 3A provides more detailed guidance on how a laboratory may publicize its

accredited status and the statements which may be made. (See Appendix.)

COMPLIANCE WITH EXISTING LAWS

Accreditation does not relieve the laboratory of the need to observe and comply

with existing Federal, State, and local statutes, ordinances, or regulations

that may be applicable to its operations, including consumer protection and

antitrust laws.

ACCREDITATION PROCESS

Accreditation is granted following successful completion of a process which

includes submission of an application and payment of fees by the laboratory, an on-site assessment, resolution of deficiencies identified during the on-site

assessment, participation in proficiency testing, technical evaluation, and

administrative review. A diagram of the accreditation process is shown in the

figure below.

5
APPLICATION AND FEES

An Application Package is sent to a laboratory on request. It includes:

General Application Forms, a Fee Calculation Sheet, and this document. The

General Application Form must be completed and signed by an authorized

representative of the laboratory. The authorized representative is one who can act on behalf of the laboratory and commit it to fulfill the NVLAP

requirements. Before completing and signing the application, the authorized

representati ve should review all documents and become totally familiar with

NVLAP requirements . Although other laboratory staff may be designated to

perform activities, such as handling proficiency testing or receiving an assessor, the authorized representative is the only one who can authorize a change in the scope or nature of the application.

In general, the accreditation fee is composed of several parts, some of which

are fixed while others depend on the scope of accreditation desired and the

specifics of the LAP. The total accreditation fee must be paid before

accreditation can be granted. The individual parts of the accreditation fee

include, as appropriate : a one-time LAP initiation fee for new applicants, an administrative fee, test method fees, an assessment fee, and proficiency

testing fees. The fees for this LAP are shown in the Fee Calculation Sheet

included in the LAP Application Package.

The laboratory will be scheduled for an on-site assessment after payment of all

required fees and will be notified of any additional information which must be

supplied and of any applicable proficiency testing requirements which must be

completed for the technical evaluation.

APPROVED SIGNATORY

Under NVLAP criteria, an accredited laboratory must have one or more

individuals or laboratory positions designated as having responsibil ity for

signing " all test reports endorsed with the NVLAP logo ." This is the person(s)

to whom NVLAP, laboratory clients, or others would go in case of questions or problems with the report.

There is no formal requirement for nomination or approval of persons or laboratory positions designated as approved signatories. The laboratory should

inform NVLAP of its appointments by completing the appropriate sections in the

application for accreditation. Approved signatories should be: persons or positions with adequate responsibility or authority within the organization,

with adequate and appropriate technical capabilities, and without conflict of

interest. The approved signatory may be the authorized representative who is

responsible for signing the NVLAP Application Form.

Laboratory test reports carrying the NVLAP logo need not be signed individually

by the approved signatory . Test report forms may be preprinted with the

required information. Forms that are electronically or computer generated may

have the information printed along with the test results.

6
TECHNICAL EXPERTS

NVLAP uses Technical Experts (TEs) as assessors and evaluators. These are individuals knowledgeable in the testing field being evaluated. They may be

engineers or scientists currently active in the field, consultants, college

professors or retired persons. They are selected on the basis of their

professional and academic achievements, experience in the field of testing,

management experience, and tact in dealing with people. Their services are generally contracted as required; they are not NVLAP staff members.

Assessors are TEs selected to conduct an on-site assessment of a particular

laboratory on the basis of how well their individual experience matches the

type of testing to be assessed, as well as absence of conflicts of interest.

The laboratory has the right to appeal the assignment of an assessor and may

request an alternate.

Eval uators are TEs selected to review the record of the laboratory as a whole,

including the application, assessment report, deficiencies, corrections to

deficiencies, and proficiency test results and, based on this record, to

recommend whether or not a laboratory should be accredited. The evaluators are matched to the type of testing being evaluated and are selected to avoid

conflicts of interest.

ON-SITE ASSESSMENT

Before initial accreditation and periodically thereafter, an on-site assessment

of each laboratory is conducted to determine compliance with the NVLAP

criteria. The assessment is conducted by one or more NVLAP assessors selected

on the basis of their expertise in the field of testing to be reviewed.

Assessors use checklists developed by NVLAP so that each laboratory receives an assessment comparable to that received by others. However, assessors have

considerable latitude to make judgments about a laboratory's compliance with

the NVLAP criteria, depending on the assessor's experience and the unique

circumstances of the laboratory.

Each laboratory will be contacted to arrange a mutually agreeable date for an asessment. The time needed to conduct an assessment varies, but two days is the

norm. Every effort is made to conduct an assessment with as little disruption

as possible to the normal operations of the laboratory. During the assessment

the assessor will carry out the following functions:

- meet with management and supervisory personnel responsible for the

laboratory's activities (for which accreditation is being sought) to

review the assessment process with the individuals involved and to set

the assessment agenda.

- examine the quality assurance system employed by the laboratory. The

assessor may select and trace the history of one or more samples from

receipt to final issuance of test reports. The assessor will conduct a thorough review of the laboratory's quality manual or equivalent,

evaluate the training program, examine notebooks or records pertain ng

to the samples, check sample identification and tracking procedures,

determine whether the appropriate environmental conditions are maintained, and examine copies of completed test reports.

7
- review records of periodic internal audits, use of check samples or participation in round robin testing or other similar programs.

- review personnel records including resumes and job descriptions of key

personnel, competency evaluations for all staff members who routinely

perform the testing for which accreditation is sought, calibration or verification records for apparatus used, test reports, and sample

control records.

- observe demonstrations of testing techniques and discuss them with the

technical personnel to assure their understanding of the procedures.

- examine major equipment, apparatus, and facilities.

At the conclusion of the assessment, the assessor will conduct an exit briefing

to discuss his or her observations with appropriate laboratory staff and call

attention to any deficiencies uncovered. A written summary of any deficiencies

discussed will be left at the laboratory . The assessor will forward the

assessment forms and a written summary to NBS.

If deficiencies have been noted, the laboratory

must, within 30 days of the date of this

notification provide NVLAP with documentation or certification, by the authorized representative,

that the specified deficiencies have been

corrected or that sp cific actions are being

taken to correct the deficiencies.

A laboratory applying for initial accreditation may request an extension to

complete required corrections.

If any deficiencies are noted at laboratories which are currently accredited,

such deficiencies must be corrected within 30 days after notification or the~

laboratory may face possible revocation, suspension, or expiration of its

accreditation. Any test equipment that is identified as out-of-cali brat ion,

should not be used until corrective action has been completed. All

deficiencies noted for corrective action will be subject to thorough review and

verification during subsequent assessments and technical evaluations.

MONITORING VISITS

In addition to regularly scheduled assessments, monitoring visits may be

conducted by assessors or by NBS staff at any time during the accreditation

period. Monitoring visits may occur for cause or on a random selection basis.

These visits serve to verify reported changes in the laboratory's personnel,

facilities, and operations or to explore possible reasons for poor performance

in proficiency testing.

The scope of a monitoring visit may range from checking a few designated items

to a complete review. Failure to cooperate with NVLAP assessors will be

grounds for initiation of adverse accreditation action. No additional fee is

required for the monitoring visit.

8
PROFICIENCY TESTING

Proficiency testing is an integral part of the NVLAP accreditation process.

Demonstration of appropriate facilities, equipment, personnel, etc. is

essential, but may not be sufficient for the evaluation of laboratory

competence. The actual determination of test data using special proficiency

testing samples provides NVLAP with a way to determine the overall

effectiveness of the laboratory.

Proficiency testing is a process for checking actual laboratory testing

performance, usually by means of interlaboratory comparisons. Each LAP has

unique proficiency testing requirements . The data are analyzed by NVLAP and

summary reports of the results are sent back to the participants.

For many test methods, results from proficiency testing are very good

indicators of a laboratory's testing capability. Information obtained from

proficiency testing helps to identify problems in a laboratory. When problems

are found, NVLAP staff members work with the laboratory staff to solve them. If

problems with the test method are suspected, NVLAP provides information to the

appropriate standards-writing bodies.

The specific proficiency testing requirements for this LAP are included in

Section V of this document.

TECHNICAL EVALUATION

After a laboratory has completed all the technical requirements of a LAP and is

ready for an accreditation action, a final technical evaluation is conducted by

experts chosen for their experience and knowledge of the pertinent test

methods. They review records on each applicant laboratory and base their

evaluation on:

- information provided on the application;

- on-site assessment reports;

- actions taken by the laboratory to correct deficiencies;

- results of proficiency testing; and

- information from any monitoring visits of the laboratory.

If the technical evaluation reveals additional deficiencies, written

notification describing them will be made to the laboratory. The laboratory

must respond within 30 days of such notification and provide documentation or certification by the authorized representati ve that the specified deficiencies

have been corrected. Clarification of some issues may be requested by

telephone. All deficiencies must be corrected before accreditation can be

granted or renewed.

9
ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW

After the technical evaluation has been completed, the NVLAP staff prepares an administrative recommendation that the laboratory either be granted or denied

accreditation. This recommendation is based on a review of the technical

evaluation and other records to ensure that all NVLAP technical, financial and

administrative obligations have been satisfied.

ACCREDITATION ACTIONS

Acting for the Director of NBS, the Director of the NBS Office of Product

Standards Policy makes the following decisions.

Accreditation If accreditation is recommended, the recommendation forms the

basis for granting accreditation. A Certificate of

Accreditation will be issued to the laboratory.

Denial If denial is recommended, the laboratory is notified of a proposal to deny accreditation and the reason (s) therefor.

Suspension If a laboratory is found to have violated the terms of its

accreditation, the accreditation can be suspended. The

laboratory will be notified of the reasons for and conditions

of the suspension and the action(s) that the laboratory must

take to have accreditation reinstated.

Revocation If a laboratory is found to have violated the terms of its

accreditation, the laboratory is notified of a proposal to

revoke accreditation and the reasons therefor. The laboratory

may be given the option of voluntarily terminating

accreditation. If accreditation is revoked, the laboratory

must return its Certificate of Accreditation and cease use of

the NVLAP logo on any of its reports, other correspondence, or advert i si ng.

If denial or revocation has been proposed, the laboratory may request a hearing, under United States Code 5 U.S.C. 556, within 30 days of the date of

receipt of the notification. If a hearing is not requested, the action becomes

final upon the expiration of that 30-day period.

After a participant's accreditation has been terminated, whether voluntarily or through adverse action, the accreditation certificate must be returned to

NVLAP. If a laboratory elects not to renew or wishes to voluntarily terminate

its accreditation at any time, the notification of such intention should be

forwarded to NBS in writing.

10
'IV. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

The requirements discussed in this section interpret the NVLAP criteria for

application to the Commercial Products LAP. These requirements do not

supersede the published NVLAP criteria which are included in the Appendix.

SCOPE OF THE LAP

The Commercial Products LAP covers tests for paint and related coatings and

materials, paper and related products, and mattresses. The test methods for

which a laboratory may seek accreditation are listed in the Appendix. Other

test methods may be added to the LAP, upon request, if they are found to be

appropriate.

The 127 paint test methods are divided into four categories:

(1) Measurements of intrinsic physical properties;

(2) Measurements of performance and performance change;

(3) Measurement of chemical properties and compositions; and

(4) Test sample conditioning and preparation.

The 61 paper test methods are also divided into four categories:

(1) Paper and paperboard-;

(2) Paper specifications;

(3) Pressure sensitive tapes; and

(4) Packaging.

All of the six test methods for mattresses are in a single category.

QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM

The key to a properly functioning organization is that it has and maintains a system of procedures and practices which assure the quality of its services.

To qualify for accreditation, an applicant must demonstrate that its quality

assurance systems ensure the technical integrity of its work.

DOCUMENTATION

A laboratory must have up-to-date documentation which thoroughly describes all

its procedures and practices. The written descriptions should contain such

items as the method of implementation, responsible personnel, recordkeep ing

system, operating procedures, procedures to employ in the event of unusual or non-standard circumstances, and scheduling. Written descriptions should

include at least the following topics:

11
- Organizational chart;

- Laboratory facilities and scope of services offered;

- Job/position description for all personnel;

- Personnel training procedures;

- Personnel competency assurance procedures;

- Test equipment inventory;

- Test equipment calibration, verification, and maintenance practices;

- Test performance plan;

- Specimen selection, handling, analysis, control, and identification;

- Data handling and reporting;

- Internal checks and audits;

- External standardization practices;

- Reference standards and/or materials; and

- Subcontracting practices and procedures for assuring quality

This documentation should be in the form of a manual but may be individual

sheets in various locations throughout the facility. If individual sheets are used, a central reference document must be available to indicate where the

sheets may be found. The documentation must be in a format and style which can

be easily understood by technicians. It must be readily accessible to all

staff members.

PERSONNEL

Training :

Each new staff member must be trained for assigned duties and existing staff

members must be retrained when testing equipment and/or protocols are changed

or they are assigned new responsibilities. Each staff member must receive (or

have had) training for assigned duties either through on-the-job training,

formal classroom sessions or through technician certification programs.

Competency :

In addition to training, the supervisor must evaluate the competency of each

staff member by observing the performance of each testing protocol each staff

member is authorized to conduct. The performance observation must be conducted

annually by the immediate supervisor or his designee. A record of the staff

member's performance must be placed in the personnel file, dated and signed by

the supervisor.

Technical Director :

The laboratory technical director shall be a professional experienced in the

testing area for which accreditation is desired. This individual should have

the technical competence and the supervisory responsibil ity to direct the work

of professionals and technicians in the appropriate area. Responsibility for

the quality assurance program may reside with the technical director or with

another individual having knowledge and experience in quality assurance who has

a direct line of communication to the technical director and other

organizational management.

12
The assessor will review resumes or other information to substantiate the

qualifications of the Technical Director and all key individuals.

Any organizational or personnel changes that could affect the performance of

the testing service (e.g., Technical Director, technical supervision,

responsibility for quality assurance program) shall be reported to NVLAP within

30 calendar days of such change.

EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES

A laboratory must have adequate equipment to perform the type(s) of testing for

which capability is claimed. This includes adequate space to perform the

testing, environmental controls, adequate testing equipment, adequate safety

systems and either properly calibrated laboratory standards or access to the

services of a competent calibration laboratory.

EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION

All equipment used in the testing of the commercial products and to perform

quality control must be adequately maintained so that it can accomplish the

required measurements.

Measurement or quality control equipment that is inherently subject to change

due to use or passage of time, must be periodically calibrated. Calibration

means comparison with a reference standard so that the performance of a measuring instrument may be determined with sufficient accuracy.

Calibrations of equipment may be performed by the laboratory or by an external

calibration service. All calibrations and characterizations must be done

against reference standards that are traceable to national standards maintained

by NBS or by an equivalent foreign national standards authority. To be

traceable means the ability to show that appropriate documented actions were

taken to compare (either directly or indirectly) a reference standard with a national standard.

The reference standards used and the environmental conditions at the time of

calibration must be documented for all calibrations. Calibration records and

evidence of the traceability of the reference standards used must be made

available for inspection during the on-site visit.

Testing equipment or verification records should include the following:

equipment name or description; model, style, or serial number; manuf acturer

;

notation of all equipment variables requiring verification; the range of

verification; the resolution of the instrument and its allowable error;

verification date and schedule; date and result of last calibration; identity

of the laboratory individual or external service responsible for calibration;

source of reference standard and traceability.

13
RECORDKEEPING

A laboratory must maintain a functional recordkeeping system. This means that

records must be easily accessible, in some logical order and contain complete

information on the subject. Records covering the following items are required

and will be reviewed during the on-site visit either in total or by selected

sampling:

- Staff training dates and results;

- Staff competency review dates and results;

- Testing equipment calibration and maintenance;

- Results of incoming inspection of materials;

- Comprehensive logs of test activities;

- Results of internal and external equipment checks, measurement assurance

programs, quality audits, etc.;

- Test data and reports; and

- Tracking and logging of samples tested.

Sample tracking and logging records should trace the movement of each sample

through the testing facility from its receipt through all the tests performed

to the final test report. Dates, times, condition of item and personnel

involved should all be included.

TEST REPORT

The test report to the client must include:

- Name and address of laboratory;

- Pertinent dates and identifying numbers;

- Client name;

- Description or identification of each sample;

- Identification of the test method, procedures, or specifications;

- Identification of known deviations, additions to, or exclusions from the

test method;

- Measurements, examinations, or derived results, and identification of

test anomalies;

- A statement, if necessary, as to whether or not the test results comply

with the requirements of product or project specifications;

- Signature of person having technical responsibil ity for the test report;

and

- All other items required by the test method.

Records of these reports must be maintained for at least three years.

14
V. PROFICIENCY TESTING

Proficiency testing is an integral requirement of the NVLAP evaluation process.

NBS either conducts the proficiency testing program for the LAP or determines

if a collaborative reference program or round-robin testing program exists

which can meet the testing requirements for the LAP. The proficiency testing

requirements for the Commercial Products LAP are described below.

PAINT AND RELATED COATINGS AND MATERIALS

In 1983, the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (FSCT), in

association with Collaborative Testing Services, Inc., (CTS), McLean, Virginia,

established a proficiency testing program for paints and coatings. The program

provides participating testing laboratories a means of periodically comparing

the results of their testing with those of other laboratories in the paint and

coatings industry.

Six times a year, CTS distributes samples, instructions, and data sheets so that participating laboratories can perform two different test methods.

Laboratories accredited by NVLAP for testing paints and related coatings are required to be enrolled in the CTS/FSGT program for paints and coatings. The

laboratory applies and pays proficiency testing fees directly to CTS. CTS

provides NVLAP with summary reports of the test results for each test method

and, with permission of the laboratory, identifies those laboratories in the

.report which are accredited or seeking NVLAP accreditation.

The test methods included in the CTS proficiency testing program for paints and

coatings, which are applicable to the Commercial Products LAP, are listed

below.

Test Method

Designation Short Title

ASTM D523

ASTM D562

ASTM D1200

ASTM D1210

ASTM D 147 5 ASTM D2805

ASTM D2369

ASTM D2832

ASTM D3723

ASTM D3960

ASTM D4017

Specular Gloss

Consistency of Paints Using the Stormer Viscometer

Viscosity of Paints, Varnishes, and Lacqers by Ford Viscosity

Cup

Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems

Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products

Hiding Power of Paints

Volatile Content of Paints

Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Paint Materials

Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature

Ashing

Volatile Organic Contents (VOC) of Paints and Related

Coatings

Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Metnod

15
PAPER AND RELATED PRODUCTS AND PACKAGING

In 1969 the National Bureau of Standards (through the Research Associate

Program) and the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI)

established a Collaborative Reference Program for Paper. The purpose of this

program is to provide participating laboratories a means of periodically

comparing the level and uniformity of their testing with those of other

laboratories. NBS no longer participates in the program, which is operated and

maintained by Collaborative Testing Services (CTS). TAPPI provides a Technical

Advisory Committee to guide the program.

CTS distributes samples, instructions, and data sheets periodically during the

testing year. Laboratories accredited by NVLAP for testing paper and related

products and packaging are required to be enrolled in the CTS/TAPPI program.

The laboratory applies and pays proficiency testing fees directly to CTS. CTS

provides NVLAP with summary reports of the test results for each test method

and, with permission of the laboratory, identifies those laboratories which are accredited or seeking accreditation under NVLAP.

Samples of two types of paper are distributed six times during the program

year. Corrugated fiberboard samples are distributed three times per year.

Test methods included in the CTS proficiency testing program for paper and

related products and packaging which are applicable to the Commercial Products

LAP are listed below.

Test Method

Designation Short Title

TAPPI T403-0S

TAPPI T404-0M

TAPPI T410-0M

TAPPI T411-0M

TAPPI T412-0M

TAPPI T414-0M

TAPPI T425-0M

TAPPI T452-0M

TAPPI T459-0M

TAPPI T460-0M

TAPPI T480-0S

TAPPI T489-0S

TAPPI T494-0M

TAPPI T511-0M

TAPPI T538-PM

TAPPI T808-0S

TAPPI T810-0M

TAPPI T811-0S

TAPPI T818-0M

Bursting Strength of Paper

Tensile Breaking Strength and Elongation of Paper and

Paperboard

Grammage of Paper and Paperboard

Thickness (Caliper) of Paper and Paperboard

Moisture in Paper and Paperboard

Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper

Opacity of Paper (15% Diffuse Illuminant A, 89% Reflectance

Backing and Paper Backing)

Brightness of Pulp, Paper and Paperboard (Directional

Reflectance at 457 nm)

Surface Strength of Paper (Wax Pick Test)

Air Resistance of Paper

Specular Gloss of Paper and Paperboard at 75 Degrees

Stiffness of Paperboard

Tensile Breaking Properties of Paper and Paperboard (Using

Constant Rate of Elongation Apparatus)

Folding Endurance of Paper (MIT Tester)

Sheffield Smoothness of Paper and Paperboard (Air Flow

Method)

Flat Crush Test of Corrugated Board

Bursting Strength of Corrugated and Solid- Fiberboard

Edgewise Compressive Strength of Corrugated Fiberboard (Short

Column Test)

Ring Crush of Paperboard

16
MATTRESSES

Proficiency Testing Program for mattresses has not been establ shed

.

17

APPENDICES

NVLAP Accreditation Criteria

NVLAP Lab Bulletin No. 3A

Test Method List
ff
NVLAP Accreditation Criteria

SUBPART D - CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA FOR ACCREDITATION

Sec. 7.31 Application of accreditation conditions and criteria .

(a) To become accredited and maintain accreditation, a laboratory must meet the

conditions for accreditation set out in Section 7.32 and the criteria set out

in Section 7.33 as tailored for specific LAPs.

(b) The conditions leading to accreditation include acceptance of the

responsibilities of an accredited laboratory and requirements for information

disclosure.

(c) The criteria are tailored and interpreted for the test methods, types of

test methods, products, services or standards of the relevant LAP. These

tailored criteria are the technical requirements for accreditation developed

through the procedures of Section 7.15.

(d) In applying the conditions, criteria, and technical requirements for

accreditation, the Director of OPSP shall not:

(1) Prohibit accreditation solely on the basis of a laboratory's

affiliation or nonaffiliation with manufacturing, distributing, or vending organizations, or because the laboratory is a foreign firm; or

(2) Develop, modify, or promulgate test methods, standards, or comparable

• administrative rules.

Sec. 7.32 Conditions for accreditation .

(a) To become accredited and maintain accreditation, a laboratory shall agree

in writing to:

(1) Be assessed and evaluated initially and on a periodic basis;

(2) Demonstrate, on request, that it is able to perform the tests

representative of those for which it is seeking accreditation;

(3) Pay all relevant fees;

(4) Participate in proficiency testing as required.

(5) Be capable of performing the tests for which it is accredited according

to the latest version of the test method within one year after its

publication or within another time limit specified by the Director of

OPSP;

(6) Limit the representation of the scope of its accreditation to only

those tests or services for which accreditation is granted;

(7) Limit all its test work or services for clients to those areas where

competence and capacity are available;

(8) Limit advertising of its accredited status to letterheads, brochures,

test reports, and professional, technical, trade, or other laboratory

services publications, and use the NVLAP logo under guidance provided

by the Director of OPSP;

(9) Inform its clients that the laboratory's accreditation or any of its

test reports in no way constitutes or implies product certification,

approval, or endorsement by NBS;

(10)

Maintain records of all actions taken in response to testing complaints

for a minimum of one year;
(11) Maintain an independent decisional relationship between itself and its

clients, affiliates, or other organizations so that the laboratory's

capacity to render test reports objectively and without bias is not

adversely affected;

(12) Report to the Director of OPSP within 30 days any major changes

involving the location, ownership, management structure, authorized

representative, approved signatories, or facilities of the laboratory;

and

(13) Return to the Director of OPSP the certificate of accreditation for

possible revision or other: action should it:

(i) be requested to do so by the Director of OPSP;

(ii) voluntarily terminate its accredited status; or

(iii) become unable to conform to any of these conditions or the

applicable criteria of Section 7.33 and related technical

requirements.

(b) To become accredited and maintain accreditation, a laboratory shall supply,

upon request, the following information:

(1) Legal name and full address;

(2) Ownership of the laboratory;

(3) Organization chart defining relationships that are relevant to

performing testing covered in the accreditation request;

(4) General description of the laboratory, including its facilities and

scope of operation;

(5) Name and telephone number of the authorized representative of the

1 aboratory;

(6) Names or titles and qualifications of laboratory staff nominated to serve as approved signatories of test reports that reference NVLAP

accreditation; and

(7) Other information as may be needed for the specific LAP(s) in which

accreditation is sought.

Sec. 7.33 Criteria for accreditation .

(a) Quality System . (1) The laboratory shall operate under an internal quality

assurance program appropriate to the type, range, and volume of work

performed. The quality assurance program must be designed to ensure the

required degree of accuracy and precision of the laboratory's work and

should include key elements of document control, sample control, data

validation, and corrective action. The quality assurance program must be

documented in a quality manual or equivalent (e.g., operations notebook)

which is available for use by laboratory staff. A person(s) must be

identified as having responsibility for maintaining the quality manual.

(2) The quality manual must include as appropriate:

(i) The laboratory's quality assurance policies including procedures for

corrective action for detected test discrepancies;

(ii) Quality assurance responsibilities for each function of the laboratory;

(iii) Specific quality assurance practices and procedures for each test, type

of test, or other specifically delineated function performed;

( i v

)

Specific procedures for retesting, control charts, reference materials,

and inter laboratory tests; and

(v) Procedures for dealing with testing complaints.

(3) The laboratory shall periodically review its quality assurance system by or

on behalf of management to ensure it's continued effectiveness. These

reviews must be recorded with details of any corrective action taken.

2
(b) Staff . (1) The laboratory shall:

( i

)

Be staffed by individuals having the necessary education, training,

technical knowledge, and experience for their assigned functions; and

(ii) Have a job description for each professional, scientific, supervisory

and technical position, including the necessary education, training,

technical knowledge, and experience.

(2) The laboratory shall document the test methods each staff member has been

assigned to perform.

(3) The laboratory shall have a description of its training program for

ensuring that new or untrained staff are able to perform tests properly and

uniformly to the requisite degree of precision and accuracy.

(4) The laboratory shall be organized:

(i) So that staff members are not subjected to undue pressure or inducement

that might influence their judgment or results of their work; and

(ii) In such a way that staff members are aware of both the extent and the

limitation of their area of responsibility.

(5) The laboratory shall have a technical manager (or similar title) who has

overall responsibility for the technical operations of the laboratory.

(6) The laboratory shall have one or more signatories approved by the Director

of OPSP to sign test reports that reference NVLAP accreditation. Approved

signatories shall

:

(i) Be competent to make a critical evaluation of test results; and

(ii) Occupy positions within the laboratory's organization which makes them

responsible for the adequacy of test results.

(c) Facilities and Equipment . (1) The laboratory shall be furnished with all

items of equipment and facilities for the correct performance of the tests

and measurements for which accreditation is granted and shall have adequate

space, lighting, and environmental control, and monitoring to ensure

compliance with prescribed testing conditions.

(2) All equipment must be properly maintained to ensure protection from

corrosion and other causes of deterioration. Instructions for a proper

maintenance procedure for those items of equipment which require periodic

maintenance must be available. Any item of equipment or component thereof

which has been subjected to overloading or mishandling, gives suspect

results, or has been shown by calibration or otherwise to be defective,

must be taken out of service and clearly labelled until it has been

repaired. When placed back in service, this equipment must be shown by

test or calibration to be performing its function satisfactorily.

(3) Records of each major item of equipment must be maintained. Each record

must include:

(i) The name of the item of equipment;

(ii) The manuf acturer 1 s name and type, identification and serial number;

(iii) Date received and date placed in service;

(iv) Current location, where appropriate;

(v) Details of maintenance; and

(vi) Date of last calibration, next calibration due date, and calibration

report references.

3
(d) Calibration . The laboratory shall:

(1) Calibrate new testing equipment before putting it into service;

(2) Recalibrate, at regular intervals, in-service testing equipment with

the calibration status readily available to the operator;

(3) Perform checks of in-service testing equipment between the regular

calibration intervals, where relevant;

(4) Maintain adequate records of all calibrations and recalibrations; and

(5) Provide traceability of all calibrations and reference standards of

measurement where these standards exist. Where traceability of

measurements to primary (national or international) standards is not

applicable, the laboratory shall provide satisfactory evidence of the

accuracy or reliability of test results (e.g., by participation in a suitable program of interlaboratory comparison).

(e) Test Methods and Procedures . The laboratory shall:

(1) Conform in all respects with the test methods and procedures required

by the specifications against which the test item is to be tested,

except that whenever a departure becomes necessary for technical

reasons the departure must be acceptable to the client and recorded in

the test report;

(2) Have data to prove that any departures from standard methods and/or

procedures due to apparatus design or for other reasons do not detract

from the expected or required precision of the measurement;

(3) Maintain a test plan for implementing testing standards and procedures

including adequate instructions on the use and operation of all

relevant equipment, on the handling and preparation of test items

* (where applicable), and on standard testing techniques where the

absence of such instructions could compromise the test. All

instructions, testing standards, specifications, manuals, and reference

data relevant to the work of the laboratory must be kept up-to-date and

made readily available to the staff;

(4) Maintain measures for the detection and resolution of in-process

testing discrepancies for manual and automatic test equipment and

'electronic data processing equipment, where applicable;

(5) Maintain a system for identifying samples or items to be tested, which

remains in force from the date of receipt of the item to the date of

its disposal, either through documents or through marking to ensure

that there is no confusion regarding the identity of the samples or test items and the results of the measurements made; and

(6) Maintain rules for the receipt, retention, and disposal of test items,

including procedures for storage and handling precautions to prevent

damage to test items which could invalidate the test results. Any

relevant instructions provided with the tested item must be observed.

(f) Records . The laboratory shall:

(1) Maintain a record system which contains sufficient information to

permit verification of any issued report;

(2) Retain all original observations, calculations and derived data, and

calibration records for one year unless a longer period is specified;

and

(3) Hold records secure and in confidence, as required.

4
(g) Test Reports . (1) The laboratory shall issue test reports of its work

which accurately, clearly, and unambiguously present the specified test

results and all required information. Each test report must include the

following information as applicable:

(i) Name and address of the laboratory;

(ii) Identification of the test report by serial number, date, or other

appropriate means;

(iii) Name and address of client;

( i v

)

Description and identification of the test specimen, sample, or lot of material represented;

(v) Identification of the test specification, method, or procedure

used;

(vi) Description of sampling procedure, if appropriate;

(vii) Any deviations, additions to, or exclusions from the test

specifications;

(viii) Measurements, examinations, and derived results supported by

tables, graphs, sketches, and photographs, as appropriate, and any

failures identified;

(ix) A statement of measurement uncertainty where relevant;

(x) Identification of the organization and the person accepting

technical responsibility for the test report and date of issue;

(xi) A statement that the report must not be reproduced except in full

with the approval of the laboratory; and

(xii) A statement to the effect that the test report relates only to the

items tested.

(2) The laboratory shall issue corrections or additions to a test report only

by a further document suitably marked, e.g. "Supplement to test report

serial number ," which meets the relevant requirements of Section

7.33(g)(1).

(3) The laboratory shall retain a copy of each test report issued for one year

unless a longer period is specified by the Director of OPSP.

(4) The laboratory shall ensure that all test reports endorsed with the NVLAP

logo are signed by an approved signatory.

5

5

C

National Voluntary

Laboratory Accreditation

Program

S Department of Commerce

cooperation with the

National Bureau of Standards

Lab Bulletin No. 3A January 1, 1985

INFORMING THE PUBLIC OF YOUR ACCREDITATION STATUS

Summary

This Bulletin supersedes NVLAP Lab Bulletin No. 3 dated October 1, 1981. It

reflects significant changes made to the NVLAP procedures (Title 15, Part 7, of

the Code of Federal Regulations) which became effective on December 10, 1984.

The Bulletin is addressed primarily to personnel at accredited laboratories who

are responsible for communicating the laboratory's accreditation status to

clients and the public, through advertising, issuance of test reports, use of

the NVLAP logo, etc.

The Bulletin's purpose is to "provide guidance on referencing the laboratory's

accredited status, and use of the NVLAP logo by the laboratory and its

clients," in accordance with provisions of the NVLAP Procedures.

Background

NVLAP was established to assist industry and government in identifying

competent testing laboratories. NVLAP accreditation means that a laboratory is

competent to perform specific test methods in selected fields of testing. The

NVLAP Procedures are the bases upon which the entire program operates and

accomplishes accreditation of laboratories. Parts A and B of the Procedures

provide general information and the method by which a new Laboratory

Accreditation Program (LAP), in a new field of testing, may be requested and

established. Parts C and D of the Procedures , of more concern to accredited

laboratories, describe how a laboratory becomes accredited and the conditions

and criteria for initial and continued accreditation. This Bulletin is

concerned principally with issues in Part D of the Procedures.
Requirements and Guidance

Lab Bulletin No. 3A

Page 2 January 1, 1985

To become accredited and maintain accreditation a laboratory shall:

limit the representation of the scope of its accreditation to only those

tests or services for which accreditation is granted

A laboratory accredited by NVLAP may use the following statement on its

letterheads and in trade or other publications: "Accredited by the National

Bureau of Standards, National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program for

selected test methods for --(identify product or service area(s))." This

statement could, for example, be placed at the bottom of the laboratory

1 etterhead

.

A laboratory's letterhead containing a reference to its NVLAP accreditation may

be used in any direct solicitation for business from potential customers. It is

recommended that a copy of the NVLAP Certificate and Scope of Accreditation be

appended to such a solicitation.

To become accredited and maintain accreditation a laboratory shall:

limit advertising of its accredited status to letterheads, brochures,

test reports, and professional, technical, trade, or other laboratory

services publications, and use the NVLAP logo under guidance provided by

NBS

A statement about NVLAP accreditation and the NVLAP logo may be used on reports

and data sheets containing test data obtained by a laboratory provided the

tests or services are performed in accordance with the terms of its

accreditation. The NVLAP logo may not be used on test reports or data sheets

during any period of suspended or expired accreditation or after voluntary or involuntary termination of accreditation.

The nature or type of product advertising prohibited by NVLAP procedures

includes any advertising that is intended to encourage a consumer to purchase a product because it was tested by an accredited laboratory, whether that

advertising appears in consumer media, the business media, or at a point of

sale to consumers.

News stories and advertising by laboratories of their accredited status in the

trade press is not only permissible but encouraged. The use of advertisements

in the trade press is consistent with NVLAP procedures.

The "consumer media" to be avoided include popular periodicals such as Time,

Good Housekeeping, etc., and newspapers such as the Washington Post or the New

York Times. The term "consumer media" does not include business publications

such as Barron's, or the Wall Street Journal which are oriented to the business

community and in which products per se normally are not advertised.
Lab Bulletin No. 3A

Page 3

January 1, 1985

To become accredited and maintain accreditation a laboratory shall:

inform its clients that the laboratory's accreditation or any of its test

reports in no way constitutes or implies product certification,

approval, or endorsement by NBS

Laboratory accreditation by NBS confers recognition that a laboratory has been

found competent to perform specific test methods or services in a selected

field(s) of testing. Laboratories must avoid all inference that accreditation

under NVLAP carries with it an endorsement, approval, or recommendation of the

products tested by the laboratories.

To become accredited and maintain accreditation a laboratory shall:

assure that all test reports endorsed with the NVLAP logo are signed by

an approved signatory

An approved signatory is an officer or employee of the laboratory, identified

by name or position, who has been accepted by NVLAP as being responsible for

the issuance of test reports under this condition of NVLAP accreditation. A

laboratory seeking initial accreditation or reaccredi tation must specify (a) one or more individuals, or (b) position(s) within the organization for which

it requests acceptance as an approved signatory.

Computer or machine generated test reports that contain the NVLAP logo need not

be signed but must have the printed name of the approved signatory.

Questions About Accreditation

If you have questions about what is an acceptable method of advertising in areas not specifically covered in this Lab Bulletin^or about the propriety or acceptability of a particular statement, advertising media, or use of

information about your NVLAP accreditation status, please contact NVLAP before

your publicity program is implemented.

Call 301 -975-4016 or

Send your questions to:

Harvey W. Berger

Manager, Laboratory Accreditation

National Bureau of Standards

ADMIN A531

Gaithersburg, MD 20899
9
National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program

(NVLAP)

Test Method

Designation

Measurements of

ASTM D56

ASTM D93

ASTM D153

ASTM D185

ASTM D281

ASTM D387

ASTM D523

ASTM D562

ASTM D1005

ASTM D1186

ASTM D1200

. ASTM D1210

ASTM D 12 12

ASTM D1296

ASTM D1310

ASTM D1400

ASTM D1475

ASTM D1544

ASTM D1729

ASTM D2244

ASTM D3278

ASTM D3363

ASTM D3793

ASTM D4061

ASTM D4212-82

ASTM E97

ASTM E308

ASTM E3I3

ASTM E430

NVLAP-09 COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS TESTING

(COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS LAP)

Test Method List

Short Title

Paints and Related Coatings and Materials

Intrinsic Physical Properties

Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester

Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Tester

Specific Gravity of Pigments

Coarse Particles in Pigments, Pastes and Paints

Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rub-Out

Color and Strength of Color Pigments With a Mechanical

Muller

Specular Gloss

Consistency of Paints Using the Stormer Viscometer

Film Thickness of Organic Coatings

Film Thickness of Non-magnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous

* Base

Viscosity of Paints, Varnishes, and Lacquers by Ford

Viscosity Cup

Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems

Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings

Odor of Volatile Solvents and Diluents

Flash-Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus

Dry Film Thickness of Non-conductive Coatings Applied

to a Nonferrous Metal Base

Density of Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products

Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)

Visual Evaluation of Color Differences of Opaque Materials

Instrumental Evaluation of Color Difference of Opaque

Materials

Flash Point of Liquids by Setaflash Closed Tester

Film Hardness by Pencil Test

Low-Temperature Coalescence of Latex Paint Films

Specific Luminance of Horizontal Coatings

Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity Cups

45- deg, 0-deg Directional Reflectance Factor of Opaque

Specimens by Broad-Band Filter Ref lectometry

Spectrophotometry and Description of Color in CIE 1931

System

Indexes of Whiteness and Yellowness of Near-White

Opaque Materials

Gloss of High-Gloss Surfaces by Goniophotometry
Measurements of

ASTM D279

ASTM D332

ASTM 0344

ASTM 0610

ASTM D659

ASTM 0660

ASTM D661

ASTM D662

ASTM D711

ASTM D772

ASTM D821

ASTM D868

ASTM 03274

ASTM D869

ASTM D8 70

ASTM D913

ASTM D714

ASTM 0969

ASTM D1308

ASTM D1309

ASTM 01360

ASTM D1543

ASTM Di640

ASTM 01737

ASTM D2197

ASTM D2243

ASTM D2248

ASTM D2366

ASTM D2486

ASTM D2801

ASTM D2805

ASTM D3273

ASTM D968

ASTM D3450

ASTM 03456

ASTM D3623

ASTM 04060

ASTM 04062

ASTM 04213

ASTM 04214

Fed. Std. 141

Method 4494

Fed. Std. 141

Method 4061

Performance and Performance Change

Bleeding of Pigments

Tinting Strength of White Pigments

Relative Dry Hiding Power of Paints

Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces

Chalking of Exterior Paints

Checking of Exterior Paints

Cracking of Exterior Paints

Erosion of Exterior Paints

No-Pick-Up Time of Traffic Paint

Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints

Abrasion, Erosion or a Combination of Both in Road

Service Tests of Traffic Paints

Bleeding of Traffic Paint

Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Fungal Growth or Soil and Dirt Accumulation

Settling of Traffic Paint

Water Immersion Test of Organic Coatings on Steel

Chipping of Traffic Paint

Blistering of Paints

Bleeding of Traffic Paint

Effect of Household Chemicals on Clear and Pigmented

Organic Finishes

Settling Properties of Traffic Paint During Storage

Fire-Retardancy of Paints (Cabinet Method)

Color Permanence of White Architectural Enamels

Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at

Room Temperature

Elongation of Attached Organic Coatings with Cylindrical

Mandrel Apparatus

Adhesion of Organic Coatings

Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Latex and Emulsion Paints

Detergent Resistance of Organic Finishes

Moisture Blister Resistance of Exterior House Paints on Wood

Scrub Resistance of Interior Latex Flat Wall Paints

Leveling Characteristics of Paints by Draw-Down Method

Hiding Power of Paints

Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior

Coatings in an Environmental Chamber

Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Falling

Abrasive Tester

Washability Properties of Interior Architectural Coatings

Susceptabi 1 ity of Paint Films to Microbiological Attack

Antifouling Panels in Shallow Submergence

Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber

Abraser

Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down Method

Wet Abrasion Resistance of Interior Paint by Weight Loss

Chalking of Exterior Paint Films

Sag Test (Multinotch Blade)

Drying Time

2
Measurement of Chemical Properties and Compositions

ASTM D34

ASTM D95

ASTM 0521

ASTM D563

ASTM D611

ASTM D1078

ASTM D1133

ASTM D1208

ASTM D1259

ASTM D1306

ASTM D1353

ASTM D1364

ASTM D1394

ASTM D1397

ASTM D1398

ASTM D1399

ASTM D1467

ASTM D1469

ASTM D1541

ASTM D1613

ASTM D1639

ASTM D1644

ASTM 01652

ASTM D2075

ASTM D2076

ASTM D2369

ASTM D2371

ASTM D2697

ASTM D2698

ASTM 02832

ASTM D3009

ASTM 03271

ASTM 03272

ASTM D3335

ASTM D3624

ASTM D3718

Chemical Analysis of White Pigments

Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by

Disti llation

Chemical Analysis of Zinc Dust (Metallic Zinc Powder)

Phthalic Anhydride Content of Alkyd Resins and Resin

Solutions

Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum

Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents

Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids

Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydro-carbon Solvents

Common Properties of Certain Pigments

Nonvolatile Content of Resin Solutions

Phthalic Anhydride Content of Alkyd Resins and Esters

Containing Other Dibasic Acids (Gravimetric)

Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint,

Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products

Water in Volatile Solvents (Fischer Reagent Titration

Method)

Chemical Analysis of White Titanium Pigments

Unsaponif iable Matter in Alkyd Resins and Resins Solutions

Fatty Acid Content of Alkyd Resins and Alkyd Resin Solutions

Unsaponif iable Content of Tricresyl Phosphate

Fatty Acids Used in Protective Coatings

Total Rosin Acid Content of Coating Vehicles

Total Iodine Value of Drying Oils and Their Derivatives

Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used

in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer and Related Products

Acid Value of Organic Coating Materials

Nonvolatile Content of Varnishes

Epoxy Content of Epoxy Resins

Iodine Value of Fatty Amines, Amidoamines, and Diamines

Acid Value and Amine Value of Fatty Quaternary Ammonium

Chlorides

Volatile Content of Paints

Pigment Content of Solvent-Type Paints

Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clear or Pigmented Coatings

Pigment Content Of Solvent-Type Paints by High-Speed

Centr ifuging

Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Paint Materials

Composition of Turpentine oy Gas Chromatograpny

Direct Injection of Solvent-Base Paints into a Gas

Chromatograph for Solvent Analysis

Vacuum Distillation of Solvents from Solvent-Base Paints

for Analysis

Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint

Spectroscopy

Mercury in Paint by Atomic Absorption

Low Concentrations of

by Atomic Absorption

Low Concentrations of

Spectroscopy

Low Concentrations of

Spectroscopy

Chromium in Paint by Atomic Hosorpt

3
ASTM D3723 Pigment Content of Water-Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature

Ashing

ASTM D3792 Water Content of Waterborne Paints by Direct Injection into

ASTM D3960

a Gas Chromatograph

Volatile Organic Contents (VOC) of Paints and Related

Coatings

ASTM D4017 Water in Paints and Paint Materials by Karl Fischer Method

Test Sample Conditioning and Preparation

ASTM B117

ASTM D609

Salt Spray (Fog) Testing

Preparation of Steel Panels for Testing Paints, Varnish,

Lacquer, and Related Products

ASTM D822 Operating Light-and-Water-Exposure Apparatus (CarbonArc Type) for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related

Products

ASTM D823 Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish,

Lacquer, and Related Products on Test Panels

ASTM D1106

ASTM D1014

ASTM D1654

Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood

Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Steel

Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive

Environments

ASTM D1730 Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for

Painting

ASTM D1734 Making and Preparing Concrete and Masonry Panels for Testing

Paint Finishes

ASTM D2247

ASTM D2372

ASTM D3361

Coated Metal Specimens at 110% Relative Humidity

Separation of Vehicle Solvent-Type Paints

Operating Light-and-Water-Exposure Apparatus (Unfiltered

Carbon-Arc Type) for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and

ASTM D3924

Related Products Using the Dew Cycle

Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint,

ASTM G23

Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials

Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Carbon-Arc Type)

With and Without Water for Exposure of Nonmetal lie

Materials

ASTM G26 Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus (Xenon-Arc Type) With and

Without Water for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials

ASTM G53 Operating Light- and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent

UV-Condensation Type) for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials

4
Paper and Related Products

Paper and Paperboard

TAPPI T208-0S

TAPP I T402-0M

ASTM D685

TAPPI T403-0S

ASTM D774

TAPPI T404-0M

ASTM 0828

TAPPI T410-0M

TAPPI T411-0M

TAPPI T412-0M

ASTM D644

TAPPI T414-0M

ASTM D689

TAPPI T425-0M

TAPPI T435-0M

TAPPI T452-0M

TAPPI T459-0M

ASTM D2482

TAPPI T460-0M

ASTM D726

TAPPI T480-0M

TAPPI T480-0S

TAPPI T489-0S

TAPPI T494-0M

TAPPI T511-0M

ASTM D2176

TAPPI T538-PM

TAPPI T809-0M

TAPPI T818-0M

ASTM Dll 64

Moisture in Wood, Pulp, Paper and Paperboard by Toluene

Disti nation

Standard Conditioning and Testing Atmospheres for Paper,

Board, Pulp Handsheets and Related Products

Bursting Strength of Paper

Tensile Breaking Strength and Elongation of Paper and Paperboard (Using Pendulum-Type Tester)

Grammage of Paper and Paper-board (Weight per Unit Area)

Thickness (Caliper) of Paper and Paperboard

Moisture in Paper and Paperboard

Internal Tearing Resistance of Paper

Opacity of Paper (15 /Diffuse Illuminant A, 89% Reflectance

Backing and Paper Backing)

Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) of Paper Extracts -(Hot

Extraction Method)

Brightness of Pulp, Paper and Paperboard (Directional

Reflectance at 457 nm)

Surface Strength of Paper (Wax Pick Test)

Air Resistance of Paper

Edge Tearing Resistance of Paper (Finch Method)

Specular Gloss of Paper and Paperboard at 75 Degrees

Stiffness of Paperboard

Tensile Breaking Properties of Paper and Paperboard (Using

Constant Rate of Elongation Apparatus)

Folding Endurance of Paper (MIT Tester)

Sheffield Smoothness of Paper and Paperboard (air Flow

Method)

Flat Crush of Corrugating Medium (CMT Test)

Ring Crush of Paperboard

Paper Specifications

ASTM D3208 Manifold Papers for Permanent Records

para. 11

ASTM D3290 Bond and Ledger Papers for Permanent Records

para. 11.2

5
Pressure Sensitive Tapes

ASTM D3330,

D3330M

ASTM D3652

ASTM D3654,

D3654M

ASTM D3662

ASTM D3759

ASTM D3811

ASTM D3815

Test for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape at

180-deg Angle

Test for Thickness of Pressure-Sensi tive and Gummed Tapes

Test for Holding Power of Pressure-Sensitive Tapes

Test for Bursting Strength of Pressure-Sensi ti ve Tapes

Test for Tensile Strength and Elongation of

Pressure-Sensi ti ve Tapes

Test for Unwind Force of Pressure-Sensi ti ve Tapes

Practice for Accelerated Aging of Pressure-Sensitive

Tapes by Carbon-Arc Exposure Apparatus

Packaging

ASTM D642 Compression Test for Shipping Containers

ASTM D895 Test for Water Vapor Permeability of Packages

ASTM D1108 Tests for Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers

Federal Test Method Standard 101C for Preservation, Packaging,

and Packaging Materials:

Method 4035

Method 4047

Method 5001

Method 5005.1

Method 5007.1

Method 5008.1

Method 5009.2

Method 5011.1

Method 5012

Method 5013

Method 5014

Method 5015

Method 5016.1

Method 5017

Method 5018

Method 5019.1

Method 5020.1

Method 5023

Method 5026

TAPP I T6880M

TAPPI T8020S

TAPP I T8030M

TAPPI Useful

Method 807

Water Absorption by Cushioning Materials

Accelerated Aging of Pressure-Sensitive Packaging Tapes

(Heat and Humidity; or Heat Only)

Assembly and Disassembly Test of Containers of Complete

Packs

Cornerwise Drop (Rotational) Test

Drop Test (Free Fall)

Edgewise Drop (Rotational) Test

Leaks in Containers

Mechanical Handling Test

Pendulum-Impact Test

Revolving Hexagonal Drum Test

Rollover Test

Shipping Test

Superimposed Load Test (Stackabi 1 ity with Dunnage)

Superimposed Load Test (Uniformally Distributed, without

Dunnage)

Tipover Test

Vibration (Repetitive Shock) Test

Vibration (Sinusoidal Motion) Test

Incline-Impact Test

Penetration of Packaging Materials by Water

Total Wax Content of Corrugated Paperboard

Drop Test for Fiberboard Shipping Containers

Puncture and Stiffness Test of Container Board

Wet Shear Adhesion Test of Corrugated Fiberboard (MBR)

6
TAPP I T8080S

TAPP I T8100M

TAPPI T8110S

TAPPI T821PM

Flat Crush Test of Corrugated Board

Bursting Strength of Corrugated and Solid Fiberboard

Edgewise Compressive Strength of Corrugated Fiberboard

(Short Column Test)

Pin Adhesion of Corrguated Board by Selective Separation

MATTRESSES

16 CFR Part 1632

Sec. 1632.4

MIL-R-0020092J(SH)

Sec. 4.4

MIL-M-18251F

Sec. 4.5.1

CCC- C-436D

Sec. 4.4

V-M-96H

Sec. 4.4. 1.1

& Sec. 4.5

AH&MA/NABM

Flammability of Mattresses; Test Procedure

Rubber Sheets and Assembled and Molded Shapes, Cellular,

Synthetic Open Cell (Foamed Latex); Test Methods

Mattresses and Mattress Ticks; Test Methods

Cloth, Ticking Twill, Cotton; Test Methods

Mattress, Bed, Innerspring; Test Methods

Cornell Testing Procedure for Support Firmness (ANCOR

tester)

7

NBS-114A 'REV. 2-8CI U.S. DEPT. OP COMM.

4.

1 . BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATAPUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

2. Performing Organ. Report No. 3. Publication Date

SHEET (See instructions) 85-3171

TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Commercial Products LAP Handbook:

Operational and Technical Requirements for the Laboratory Accreditation

Program for Commercial Products

5. AUTHOR(S)

Wiley A. Hall, Jr., Robert L. Gladhill, Jeffrey Horlick

6, PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (If joint or other than NBS, see in struction s)

Harvey W. Berger

7. Contract/Grant No. NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHONBJrXMX DXOLX XK2®4

8 . Type of Report & Period Covered

Gaithersburg, MD 20899

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE ADDRESS (Street. City. State. ZIP)

10. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

H Document describes a computer program; SF-185, FIPS Software Summary, is attached.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant in formation . If document includes a significant

bi bliography or literature survey, mention it here)

This document explains the operation and technical requirements of the

Laboratory Accreditation Program (LAP) for Commercial Products (Commercial LAP'.

All of the steps leading to accreditation are discussed. Technical requirements

are explained indicating how the NVLAP criteria are applied.

It is intended for use by staff of accredited laboratories, those seeking

accreditation, other laboratory accreditation systems, and others needing

information on the requirements for NVLAP accreditation under this LAP.

12. KEY WORDS (Six to twelve entries; alphabetical order; capitali ze only proper names; and separate - >

.

. . <•••

accreditation; assessment; laboratory; mattresses; paint; paper; prof idem, v

13. AVAILABILITY 14. NO. OF

Uni imited PRINTED PAGES

| | For Official Distribution. Do Not Release to NTIS

j j Order From Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402. 15. k- -

QX] Order From National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield, VA. 22161