T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by 9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

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o rn ia B efo re: B . F L E T C H E R , R E IN H A R D T , an d W A R D L A W , C i rcu i tJu d g es. T he gove rnm e ntappe a l s the di s tr i c tc our t ’ s di s m i s s a l of i t s c ha r ge of a g g r a v a te d id e n tity th e f t u n d e r1 8 U .S .C . § 1 0 2 8 A ( a ) ( 1 ) a g a in s t d e f e n d a n t R o n a ld G a i the r( “ G a i the r ” ) . T he di s tr i c tc our tdi s m i s s e d thi s c ountof the i ndi c tm e nt 

# FI LED MA R 22 2011 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS2

because ( 1) the predi ca t e off ense s w er e notre l at ed t o t errori sm ; and (2) the st ol en id e n tity b e lo n g e d to ad e c e a s e d v ic tim . W e h a v e ju r is d ic tio n u n d e r2 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 9 1 , a n d w e r e v e r s e a n d r e m a n d . F i r s t , the pr e di c a t e c ha r ge s br oughta ga i ns tG a i the r , ba nk f r aud a nd the f

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tc ha r ge unde r§ 1028A ( a ) ( 1) . 18 U . S . C . §§ 1028A ( c ) ( 1) , ( 5) . T he d i stri ctco u rt ’ s b el i ef th atth e st atu t e ap p l i es o n l y t o t erro ri sm -rel at ed o ffen ses, r a th e rth a n “s tr a ig h t b a n kf r au d ,” is p la in ly in c o rr e c t. S ec on d, G ai ther’ s argum entthat§ 1 02 8A (a )( 1) do es no tcr i m i nal i ze the theft o f i d en t i ty d o cu m en t s b el o n g i n g t o a d eceased p erso n i s fo recl o sed b y U ni ted S ta te s v . M

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ni ted Stat es , 129 S . C t . 1886, 18 88 –9 4 (20 09 ) i nt erpret ed § 1 02 8A (a )( 1) so thatthe t erm “ kn ow i ng l y” m od i fi ed a l l s u b s e q u e n t l y l i s t e d e l e m e n t s o f th e c r i m e , i n c l u d i n g “ o f a n o th e rp e r s o n , ” we w e r e c ha r ge d i n M

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a c ie l-A lc a la , 61 2 F . 3d 10 92 (9th C i r. 2 0 1 0 ), i t s d i sm i ssal o f th e ch arg e u n d er § 1 0 2 8 A (a)(1 ) i s R EVER SED a nd the case i s R EM A N D ED f o rf u r th e rp r o c e e d in g s n o t in c o n s is te n t w ith th is d is p o s itio n .