DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D. C.

COMMERCIAL STANDARDS MONTHLY.

MONTHLY NEWS BULLETIN OF COMMERCIAL STANDARDS GROUP, BUREAU OF STANDARDS.

January 15th, 1029 S. F. TILLMAN, Editor No. 46.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraphs

SIMPLIFIED PRACTICE

Committee Member 3

Division of simplified Practice 2 Indexes of Bulletin 5 Manufacturers Produce Shoe Boxes 7

Needed Convenience 9 New For Old 8

Fraise For Bulletin 4

Results and Benefits 1 Simplified Invoice League 6

Simplified Sales Slip 10

Simplifying Supplies 11

Standard Baskets 12

Supporting Simplification 13

The Consumer Speaks 14

BUILDING AND HOUSING

News of the Division

RESEARCH

Ingenuity Developed

New Era In Cotton

Pioneer In Research

Technical Paper

Theoretical Research. .. The Way To Net Profits

Whittemore Honored

UTILIZATION CF WASTE

Governmental Savings....

Navy Saves Money

Uses Cornstalks

COMMERCIAL STANDARDS

Commercial Standards Projects 15

SPECIFICATIONS

Consumer Group Cooperation 16

Lack of Standardization 18

"Willing-to-Certify" Lists 17

MARINE STANDARDS

American Marine Standard News 19

D OMESTIC COMMERCE

Advantages of Unit Packing 20

Chemical Division 21

Cost Analysis For Distribution 22

Describes Cleveland Census 23

Distribution Costs 24

Handling Costs Studied 25

"The Home That Budget Built" 2S

ELIMINATION OF WASTE . Associational Wastes

Cost of Distribution....

"Management Week" Expands...

New Ideas

Prosperity

Purchasing

Waste Due to Traffic

Waste in Industry

"Waste Week," Worth While...

MEW PUBLICATIONS

APPENDIX

ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO "COMMERCIAL STANDARDS"

ROOM 316 COMMERCE BUILDING,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

" SIMPLIFIED PRACTICE AVOIDS FAI LURES"

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1 RESULT* AMD BENEFITS OF APPLYING SIMPLIFIED PRACTICE TO CARSON BRUSHES ik'D BRUSH SHIFTS

The Division of Simplified Practice has completed a survey to determine the results

and benefits which followed the simplification of carbon brushes and brush shunts . A brief

report of the findings has been prepared and may be had on application

For a number of years past Manufacturers of brushes and shunts have found it neoesssry

to aspraad their production and investment over a wide range cf sizes. Distributor? have had

to maintain large investments in order to stock a complete line Manufacturers of brush

holders have .likewise been burdened with the production and stocking of a great variety cf

sizas. Moreover, the situation h&* been getting worse instead of better. New motor designs

have continually added to the already extensive list of brushes end holders. In 1926 there was in the automotive field alone a choice of over two thousand sizes of carbon brushes

In April of that year Simplified Practice Recowaendation No. 56 - Carbon Brushes and Brush

Shunts - was adopted by a general conference of manufacturers distributors, and users

In September 1927 a. standing cc»sitte» of the industry, appointed by the original general

conference. met and revised the recommendation. This supplementary action was an excellent

example of progressive development in the elimination of waste, whereas? the original recom- mendation only went so far a® to establish increments of dimensions, thus endeavoring xc discourage the increase in varieties.

The recommendation as it now stands lists specific dimensions for length width etc

While not restricting combinations of dimensions , the revision represents the first step to- ward concentration on a limited number of sizes. Those responsible for initiating this program. and those who are supporting it, wish is have an answer for the question - What has

been accomplished by the application of this simplified practice during its effective period

which began November 1 , 1926 ?

In October. 1923. a letter was addressed to all manufacturers, distributors and user?

of carbon brushes, who had accepted the recoaaendation . asking that they review their ex- perience with it with a view to determining its benefits in dollars and cents A total of

216 letters were sent out Replies received numbered 91, of which 6 were from manufacturers

of brushes: 8 from distributors; 25 from public utilities: 22 from builders of motors anc generators, and 30 from other users.

From the viewpoint of possible benefits derived, the degree of adherence accorded the

recommendation by industry is of primary importance Although an actual survey cf production

has not yet been made, the attitude of the manufacturers indicates that the simplified schedule is being adhered to wherever there is offered any freeao® of choice.

The public utilities companies replying as users, have, in the main, experienced no monetary benefit as yet. However, it is significant of their interest and faith in sinplified practice that the majority look forward to such benefits as prompter delivery reduction

of replacement stocks, etc.

A study of the replies indicates that the smaller manufacturers are in an equally favorable position with their larger competitors, so far as regards the potential benefits o

(

the program.

The most general opinion set forth in the replies is that it is too early to expect

imoortant savings. This, it. is pointed ey t is due to the fact that a great oortion of

brush sales consists of items for the maintenance of present equipment which of course includes together with more modern motors and generators much that is old and nearly obsolete, bat still serviceable. In the opinion of some it will be five years before the

gradual obsolescence of machines using odd sizes of brushes . and absorption of new designs i: only the simplified types, will effect a sufficient change in the market xo allow the realization of suoh benefits as reduced inventory investment simplification of production r

T *-

v*> anj largv ~cale
Commercial Standards Monthly -No. 46 -2-

SIMPLIFIED PRACTICE

Edwin W, Elv .

2 . DIVISION OF SIMPLIFIED PRACTICE.

Simplified Practice represents a common-sense application of the principle of eliminating "too much" variety in both production and selling, by establishing a "simplified"

list of sizes, dimensions, styles, and types, which represent those varieties in major demand. A list of the simplified practice recommendations developed by industry may be secured

upon request, from the Division of Simplified Practice.

Welded Cnams .

This program, known as Simplified Practice Recommendation No. 100, has been sent to manufacturers, distributors and users of welded chain, for signed acceptance. The simplification was approved at a general conference of representatives of all interested elements

in the industry, held at the Department of Commerce on November 15, 1928. Subject to ac- ceptance by the industry, it will become effective February 1, 1929.

Hospital and Institutional Cotton Textiles.

The Standing Committee for this Simplified Practice Recommendation, No. 74 has reaffirmed the existing schedule , without change for another twelve months. This program, originally approved by a general conference of all interests, on June 10, 1927, became effective

October 1. 1927.

Files and Rasps.

Simplified Practice Recommendation No. 6 concerning this subject first entered into

effect on November 1, 1923. The listed sizes and types of files and rasps, recently reviewed

by the Standing Committee of the industry, has been reaffirmed for another year.

Composition Books.

This simplified practice recommendation has received the required degree of support

from the industry and has been issued in printed form. Copies may be secured from the

Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., for 5 cents a copy. It is known as Simplified Practice Recommendation No. 84, Composition Books. The

effective date was September 1, 1928.

Shipping Tags.

The Simplified Practice Committee of the industry has prepared a tentative program,

which will be presented to a general oonferen.ee of all interests on January 25, 1929.

Glass Containers For Drugs.

At the first meeting of the Joint Simplified Practice Committee held on December 13

1928, Mr. Philip I. Heuisler, Vice-President of The Emerson Drug Company of Baltimore, was appointed Chairman. It was unanimously decided to have a survey made among manufacturers of

glass containers for data upon which to base a definite simplified practice recommendation.

The Chairman appointed a subcommittee to supervise the survey.
Commercial Standards Monthly -No, 46. -3-

h survey questionnaire, to ascertain the facts concerning current production and do—

aano, for bottles for carbonated beverages has been prepared by the simplified practice com- mittee. This questionnaire has been sent to the bottle manufacturers. The composite report

of replies received will form the basis for a general conference of all interests, held under

the auspices of the Department.

With the cooperation of the Division of Simplified Practice, the industry is now con- ducting a preliminary survey among the packers of pickles and condiments, for the purpose

of determining whether or not this type of glass container is susceotibie of simplification.

Olive Jars.

At the present time the packers of green olives are crystalizing their ideas relative

to the feasibility of eliminating those sizes of olive jars for which there is a relatively

small demand.

Indiana Hote l/As s ociation .

Upon invitation of the Indiana Hotel Association, a representative of the Division of

Simplified Practice addressed the annual convention of Hotel men, at Indianapolis, Indiana,

on December 1, 1928, on "Simplification and Standardization in the Hotel Field."

E elbarrows

A meeting of manufacturers of wheelbarrows was held on December 14th, at. Cleveland,

Ohio. A questionnaire to be sent to all wheelbarrow manufacturers requesting sales figures

of the various sizes and types of barrows was drafted at the meeting. The information obtained from this survey will furnish the basis for a simplified practice recommendation

Steel Bathroom and Medicine C a binets.

The Simplified Practice Committee of Manufacturers, which was appointed by the November

1, 1928 meeting of medicine cabinet manufacturers, met in Chicago, on December 27, 1928, to discuss the results of a survey recently completed by that industry. The data thus acquired

will form the foundation for a proposed Simplified Practice Recommendation.

3 . COMMITTEE MEMB ER

Mr. Harold R. Young, Secretary of the Retailers' National Council, Munsey Building,

Washington, D, C., has been appointed a member of the Planning Committee of the Division of

Simplified Practice. The Retailers' National Council is made up of the following National

Retail Associations, having a combined membership cf 150,000 retail merchants, employing

1,000,000 people, and having aggregate annual sales of $10,000,000,000: National Retail

Furniture Association, National Association Retail Clothiers and Furnishers, National Association of Retail Grocers National Retail Hardware Association, Garment Retailers of America,

The National Association of Retail Druggists, National Shoe Retailers Association, National

Federation Implement Dealers' Association, and National Retail Dry Goods Asseoiation.

4 PRAISE FOR BULLETIN.

In the December issue of the Heart ef Aaerioa Purchaser the editor of that publication

pays the Commercial Standards Monthly Newn Bulletin the following compliment: "The- monthiy news bulletin is a very interesting bulletin It contains each month the
Commercial Standards Monthly — 46 —4—

things tiaat are being considered by the many groups that they are working with, tells the

steps that are being taken, and how no recommendations are published until they have been

accorded 80 per cent of the industry's acceptance, according to volume of output. The Commercial Standards Group is a very important one and we hope that it will continue to operate

in the same effective fashion .that it has in the past." The appreciation of the staff of

the Commercial Standards Group is extended to the Heart of America Purchasor for this endorsement of our work and of the Bulletin. Many of the trade papers have placed the Commercial

Standards Bulletin on their "exchange" mailing list for their publications, which is greatly

appreciated. Material used in the Commercial Standards Bulletin may be used by other publications .

5 • INDEXES OF BULLETINS.

Indexes for the 1st and 2nd year of the Commercial Standards Monthly News Bulletin

is in the course of preparation. To give us an idea as to the number of copies to be printed, it is requested that readers interested in having a copy of each index, for which there

will be no charge, make such request as soon as convenient. Requests should be addressed

to the Editor, Monthly News Bulletin. Commercial Standards Group, Room 316, Commerce Building

Washington. D. C.

6 • SIMPLIFIED INVOICE LEAGUE

During the past month a large railroad system has reported to the Division of Simplified

Practice the following benefits from the use of the simplified invoice form. (1) Uniformity

of size, permitting quick handling in checking as well as filing, and maintains a neat record. (2) Uniformity of information, this enables various people who handle invoices to do

it more quickly, as there is only one place for order number, terms, F. 0. B., price, re- peipt of material, etc., which saves considerable time in checking and handling the invoice:

(3) An employee once familiar with a single invoice is better able to handle invoices with

more accuracy s.nd dispatch as information is shown at the same place on each invoice . This

also applies to the shipper when making up the invoice, as to information that must be shown.

One purchasing agents' association is using stationery with the simplified invoice

form printed on the reverse side. This is very conspicuous and effective . The Purchasing

Agents' Association of Los Angeles has forged to the front, in securing and forwarding

reports covering the survey on the simplified invoice form. This association has forwarded

thirty-one (31) reports to date and expects to secure reports from at least one hundred (100)

firms in their section.

The Division of Simplified Practice invites all firms and associations to review their

incoming invoices over a period of ten (10) to fifteen (15) days, and then inform us as to the number which conform in all respects to the simplified invoice form. Invoices which

only partly conform to this standard should not be counted. Our intention is to publish

these reports in each issue of The Commercial Standards Monthly. Our purpose is to promote

the general adoption of this form, wherever possible and practicable in the movement for

elimination of waste. For the current report of the league see Appendix.

7 . MANUFACTURERS PRODUCE SHOE BOXES .

A successful cooperative standardization effort is described in "Applying Research to Production," a report prepared for the New England Council by the Policyholders' Service

Bur«au of th® Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Several shoe manufacturers in Auburn
Commercial Standards Monthly -No. 46 -5-

Maine . who had experienced difficulty in obtaining prompt deliveries of cardboard boxes, determined. through a joint study, that a large percentage of their needs could be filled by

a limited number of standard sizes. A company was organized to supply member companies,

each manufacturer holding a certain percentage of stock. The company is run on a non-profit

basis. Orders are ordinarily sent sufficiently in advance to allow the box plant to take

advantage of low prices when laying in stock, but standardization makes it possible to stock

up sufficiently to meet emergency demands. There is a standard price for all standard size

boxes, exceptions being charged for according to a special cost sheet.

8 . NEW FOR OLD

Recent years have seen many changes in alternating current motor designs that have

greatly simplified and extended their applications, states "POWER," editorially in the

December number of that publication. The editorial writer says that no longer is the use of

induction motors limited to the general purpose squirrel-cage type, with its comparatively

low starting torque and high starting current, and to the wound-rotor type. The designs of

squirrel-cage motors have been extended until there is now a type for practically every con- stant-speed application. Along with these developments, starting equipment has been simplified.

9 . NEEDED CONVENI ENCE

A growing number of retail stores, particularly drygoods stores, men's furnishing and

haberdasheries, are now using a form of monthly statement which asks the customer to detach

the upper section, bearing the firm's name and address and return it with his or her remittance. While this procedure simplifies the accounting work for the store, it inconveniences

the customer who wishes to keep accurate and complete records, for the section bearing the

itemized account does not always carry the firm's name. When it does, the firm's name is

actually printed in very small type or is very poorly located.

When the name of the firm is omitted from the lower, or customer's half, the customer

has to bother to write the name on it, or file all stubs from the same firm in an envelope,

with the firm's name written on it. In the second case, the small type and poor location

interfere with easy identification and make filing awkward. National Retail Associations

whose members use this form of statement or bill-head might well simplify and standardize

it with greater regard for their customer's convenience. Millions of charge accounts, and

the general practice of monthly statements on them warrant more attention to the monthly inconvenience and annoyance caused by the type of statement above described. The cost to correct its faults will be many times offset by the increased good will and appreciation of

all to whom this present form is a nuisance,

10 . S IMPLI FIED SALES SLIP

A meeting of controllers, managers of training bureaus, purchasing agents and publishing house representatives was held last month at San Francisco to consider a proposed simplified sales slip for use in department stores. Another conference will be held by the same &iOup this month to consider the proposal. It has been suggested that the proposed simplified sales slip be made a national project and that it be submitted to the Division of Simplified Practice for study to this end.
Commercial Standards Monthly - No. 46 —o—

11 • SIMPLIFYING SUPPLIES

The West Penn System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has been doing considerable work along

the lines of simplifying its materials and supplies. As a result they have reduced stock

value 59 per cent; reduced items carried in stock 61 per cent reduced labor by 30 per cent; reduced space used by 50 per cent and improved its service by 50 per cent. The company has

issued a standard stock catalogue, which is revised periodically. One standard has been

adopted for similar material used by more than one department and no new standards are permitted except under the approval of the standardization committee.

12 . STANDARD BASKETS

The standard container act of 1928, in the opinion of the Solicitor for the Department

of Agriculture, renders inactive all state laws fixing weights per bushel for fruits and

vegetables, when such commodities are sold in baskets meeting the requirements of the Standard Container Act. The Department made this announcement to warn growers to dispose of

baskets prior to November 1, 1929, if they are illegal under the Act.

13 . SUP PORT ING SIMPLIFICATION

There is a vast difference in the procedure used in France in the development of simplification as compared to that used in the United States. In this country simplified practice

has been carried out entirely on a voluntary basis between manufacturers, distributors and

consumers. In France the Committee on Standardization of Machinery submit to public inquiry

projects under consideration. The closing date for the inquiry is fixed at a certain period

by the committee, after which time the objections raised are considered. If there are no objections the project is in effect at once.

14 . THE, CONSUMER SPEAKS

"When I buy a hat or a cigar, I know I pay part of the rent, the light and heat bill,

the clerk's wage, and other inescapable costs entailed in storekeeping." writes E. M. West

in "Advertising and Selling" on "The Consumer Speaks Up." In his article Mr. West says, "I am glad to pay not these specific items, of course, but for the courtesy and convenience I get. But I am not willing to pay, if I can help it, for credit losses, accounting errors,

unwanted stocks, incomplete stocks, unskillful buying spoilage, missed discounts , usurious

interest, and kindred charges that contribute nothing to my satisfaction but restrict my

satisfaction. Every dollar paid for needless service or useless facilities reduces by one dollar what the consumer could spend for production of larger outputs to create greater

wealth, and more consumer buying power." Mr. West evidently knows that simplified practice

eliminates needless duplication and waste . Simplified practice reduces the varieties of any

given commodities to those necessary to serve the demand.

COMMERCI AL STANDARDS

I. J. Fairchild

15 , COMMERCI AL STANDARDS PROJECTS

Foremost in the mind of the buyer today is the question of quality. He demands assurance as to quality and is thoroughly satisfied only by deliveries certified to conform to strict standards emanating from sources of highest respect and authority. The Commercial

Standard constitutes an authoritative yardstick for measuring quality, acceptible alike to the reputable producer and the keen consumer.
Commercial Standards Monthly - No. 46 -7-

Bra.ss_.Flpe Nipples, A general conference of producers, consumers and general interests held

at the William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on December 14th, unanimously adopted

a Recommended Commercial Standard for Brass Pipe Nipples, which requires that this commodity

shall be made from new tested iron-pipe-size brass pipes in accordance with United States

Government Master Specification, F. S. B. No. 342a. It also requires that the threads on such pipe nipples shall be cut and gauged in strict conformity to the American Standard for

Taper Pipe Threads; that the end shall be properly chamfered to remove burrs and includes

tables of stock sizes and number to be packed in cartons. The conference set July 1, 1929, as the effective date for new production and September 1, 1929 as the date for clearance of

existing stock. The conference also unanimously voted to request the Bureau of Standards to prepare a list of willing-to-certify manufacturers on the basis of this commercial Standard

A standing committee was appointed with the understanding that the Commercial Standard will

be considered annually for revision in order that it may be kept continually in accord with

current practice and the advance in the art.

Regain of Me rce rized Cotton Yarn. The producers and consumers of mercerized cotton yarn will

meet at 10:00 A. M. Tuesday January 15, 1929 in Room 704 Commerce Building, Washington,

D. C , to consider the adoption of a Commercial Standard for Regain of Mercerized Cotton Yarn

as a basis for daily trade. The regain proposed by the National Association of Hosiery and

Underwear Manufacturers is 7.53% which corresponds to a moisture content of 7.0%. Since

mercerized cotton yarn as well as other textile fibers are sold by weight which varies with

the actual moisture content it is obvious that an arbitrary standard of moisture content will

enable buyers and sellers to apply a correction factor to actual weight as a basis for com- puting total price of the shipment. It is believed that the establishment of standard will

provide a more equitable basis for sale of mercerized cotton yarn and will eliminate one of

the major sources of dispute. Copies of the Proposed Commercial Standard with accompanying

report by Mr. E. M. Schenk© , Research Associate at the Bureau of Standards are available

upon request.

Dre s s Patterns - Corresponding B o dy Measurements. There will be a general conference of

producers, distributors and users of dress patterns at 10:00 A. M., Thursday, February 7th,

1929 in Exhibit Room No. 6, Pennsylvania Hotel, New York City, New York, to consider the

establishment of a Commercial Standard covering classifications and corresponding body

measurements for dress patterns. The recommendation includes composite body measurements

for bust, waist, and hip for each of the various sizes and classifications recognized by

the dress pattern manufacturers. These measurements do not include allov/ances for fit,

freedom or style as such allowances are considered to constitute a part of the individuality

of the various makes of dress patterns. The measurements recommended are a practical com- promise between average of anthropometric measurements from various sources, the experience

of pattern manufacturers and commercial practice and are intended to suit the average re- quirements, bearing in mind that final fit is established by adjustment to suit the individual .

All those interested in production, distribution or use of dress patterns are invited

to attend the above conference in order that tie standard as finally adopted may be acceptable to all major interests. It is hoped also that the adoption of the standard will prove

helpful to those who teach costume art a»d to those who buy, sell or use piece goods for

dress making purposes. Copies of the proposed standard are available upon request.
Commercial Standards Monthly - No. 46 -8-

Commercial Standards as a Business Stabilizer. Recent conferences with leading executives

in several major lines have disclosed the very definite reaction on their part that Commercial Standards offer an important means for stabilizing business by reducing the variety of

specifications, by reducing waste in manufacture, by improvement of labor relations, by increasing turnover, by lowering selling cost, by steadying demand and by enabling the purchaser to buy with greater confidence and assurance as to both quality and quantity.

SPECIFICATIONS

A. S. McAllister

16 . CONSUMER GROUP COOPERATION.

Increased interest in the certification and labeling plans is being shown by the various consumer groups, including not only the Federal, State, and Municipal agencies, but also

the public utility purchasers, the public school business officials, and the officers of

hospital associations. The Chief Coordinator has made plans for increasing the effectiveness

of the certification plan by showing the Federal purchasing agencies how best to make use of

the "Willing-to-Certify" lists. Hospital, public school, and public utility officials have

taken steps to bring the certification plan and lists of "willing-to-certify 1 manufacturers

to the attention of their purchasing officers,

17 . WILLING TO CERTIFY LISTS.

Approximately 2,000 separate manufacturing firms have expressed their desire to be

placed on the "Wiliing-to-Certify" lists of manufacturers developed by the Division of

Specifications of the Bureau of Standards. These lists now relate to 248 different commodities. There are now 7,393 "willing-to-certify" manufacturers on these lists. In November of 1927 there were 75 commodities covered with 1,609 manufacturers on the lists.

1 8 . LACK OF STANDARDIZATI ON

Insufficient standardization by different railroads prevents the manufacturers from

producing materials economically for all, editorially states the Railway Age adding that some

roads are sluggish in adopting or perfecting material-handling methods that will diminish

costs of distribution to points of use . The railroads spend so large a sum in the aggregate

each year for the materials and supplies with which to operate, maintain and improve their

properties, that the cost of these materials should logically receive much study and attention .

AMERICAN MARINE STANDARDS

19 . NEWS OF COMMITTE' S WORK.

A. V., Bouillon

Ballot form was distributed early in the month for election of the Executive Board for

the calendar year 1929. The ballots are to be opened and canvassed this month by a special

committee appointed for the purpose. A revised roster of the membership as of December 1st, was distributed at the same time.

There were further evolutions in the proposed standard design of cap for tubular steel

cargo booms. It is now expected that the latest design developed will be approved for promulgation at the January meeting of the Executive Board
Commercial Standards Monthly - No. 46 -9-

The following publications containing promulgated marine standard specifications were distributed during December: AMSC 35 - Insulation of piping and machinery on ships. AMSC 35 - Magnesia molded pipe covering and blocks; AM3C 37 - Magnesia asbestos plaster; AMSC 38 asbestos millboard; AMSC 39 - Hair felt for insulation AMSC - 40 - Cotton duck for insulation

coverings; AMSC 41 - Metallic packing for condenser tubes.

The organization has now promulgated 87 standards generally classified as follows:

Hull details 38

Engineering (Machinery) details 25

Ship operation details and supplies 23

Special standard 1

First issues of alphabetical and classified indexes to these standards have been prepared and

copies are to be distributed with the Secretary's Quarterly Report for October, November and

December

.

The following members were added to the technical coaa.i ttees : Ernest P. McRitchie,

Naval Aichilect Union Plant, Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Ltd., San Francisco - Technical Committee on "Hull Details." A. L. Becker, Consulting Engineer, San Francisco, - Technical Committee on "Engineering Details." Bernard Mills, Superintending Engineer, Aaerican-Hawaiian Steamship Company, San Francisco; and M. E. Arkills, Safety Engineer, Waterfront Employers of Seattle - Technical Committee on "Ship Operation Details and Supplies"

The first meeting of the Board elect for 1929 and the annual meeting of the membership

are to take place at the Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C,, respectively on January

28th, and 29th. The purpose of the membership meeting is to review the activities and the manner in which they are being carried on. Criticism and adyice have been invited. Good

progress a as made during the past year which was made possible by the helpful cooperation

received from members and participants in technical activities. A considerable program is

being developed for 1929.

DOMESTIC COMV.ER IE

20 . ADVANTAGES OF UNIT P ACK, jjjg^

An article in the November "Bulletin" of the National Retail Dry Goods Association dis- cusses retailers' increasing interest in, and demand for. unit packing. Some of its advantages over the old method of bulk packing for incoming merchandise are reduction of packing

costs to the store, even though it assumes the entire cost of such packing, reduction of

mark-downs due to handling, lower adjustment costs because of fewer delivery damage complaints

fresh and clean condition of goods v/her. they reach the customer, ease of stocking and handling, and stimulation of sales by saving the customer's time. The packing of merchandise

selling units at the factory so that it may be delivered to the consumer without repacking,

is held feasible if the unit of sale can be determined in advance, the article sold from

sample, and the order filled from stock in the original package, provided individual display is not required because of differences in design, color, size or imperfection, or be- cause the article requires some kind of finishing and polishing The Association's member

stores are now receiving in unit packages some 350 items, a list of which may be obtained

upon request from the New York Office of the Association. Pennsylvania Building, Now York,
Commercial Standards Monthly - 46 -10-

21 CHEMICAL DIVISION.

The Chemical Division, which has already rendered numerous services to Domestic Commerce, has just formed a new section to deal with the Domestic Commerce phase of its work

It is planned that this more intensive service to domestic commerce shall ultimately include

the following lines:

1. Studies covering distribution methods and practices pertinent to the respective

commodity groups:

2. Costs of distribution and trade promotion;

3. Promoting extension of uses, markets, and by-products utilization;

4. Promoting simplification, standardization, and limitation of varieties;

5. Surveys as to sources and availability of raw materials;

6. Buying methods and practices;

7. Studies on obsolescence, depreciation, etc., of plant, equipment, and products

8. Promoting periodic production, stock, and distribution statistics, by industries

and geographical areas, as indicators of the trend of consumption.

The Chemical Division will welcome suggestions from the various branches of the industry on profitable lines of investigation, and stand ready to undertake studies for which the

demand is sufficiently urgent and well-defined and in which it will have the industry's wholehearted cooperation.

Investigations which can readily be carried on by the individual, the association

consultants, or the trade press will logically not enter into the Division's program. Furthermore. any proposal must be economically sound in order that it may involve the wholehearted cooperation of the branch of the industry concerned. For example, in this connection it may involve the setting up of a liaison committee by the industry in each study project to insure this decidedly requisite cooperation. A trade association can perform a very

useful function by serving as a stimulating and clearing medium for the problems of the industry .

The first piece of work to be undertaken by the new section will be a survey of the lye

industry. The industry has requested such a survey because of the apparent reduction in

per capita consumption of lye and the nepd for exact statistics before their efforts can be

intelligently directed toward increasing the use of lye. Hog, poultry, and cattle sanitation, lye as a water- softener, and numerous other phases may be considered.

22 . COST ANALYSIS FOR DI S TRIBUTION .

The Domestic Commerce Division's study of wholesale distribution costs for electrical

equipment, is being carried on in a house doing about a Billion dollar business annually in a small southern city. Although there is considerable variation among wholesale distributors of

electrical goods, this house is believed typical for the purpose of costing, customers and

commodities

One of the great problems of the electrical industry is the requirement that much of the

material handled must be made specifically for particular jobs and can not be carried in

stock by the usual distributor. Electrical goods fall largely into two classes, contract

items which must be made up as jobs arrive, and merchandise or items carried in stock and

sold to regular retail dealers. Because of the prejudice among electrical contractors

against wholesalers who sell such merchandise to retailers, most distributors confine thera- salvaa to one of the two types of customers. Consignment handling of several linas of com- ®editia» makes for further distribution oo*t« in this field.
Commercial Standards Monthly - No, 46 -11-

Another problem is represented by the competitive basis of sale for much of the volume,

in connection with bids on jobs. Indications point to large orders being the unprofitable

ones in this industry, whereas in the hardware and grocery trade studies small orders were

found to be unprofitable. An official of the firm being studied estimates that little profit

is made on orders of over $500 value. A definite answer on the comparative profitablness

of large and small orders is anticipated from this study, and also the arrival at some method

handling losses from obsolescence of merchandise, which is apparently a large factor.

23 . DESCRIBES CLEVELAND CENSUS.

In a speech before the Atlantic City Convention of the Association of National Advertisers, Gorton James, Chief, Domestic Commerce Division, Department of Commerce, pointed out

as a major handicap of United States Commerce and industry the lack of statistical data on distribution comparable with the detailed production statistics available, and described

the steps taken to meet the need, Mr. James discussed, besides the census of wholesale

and retail distribution conducted in eleven cities, the trial census of industrial purchases

being made in Cleveland to bring out what information should be secured in the proposed

National Census of Distribution and how to prepare schedules to obtain it . The data sought

include itemized purchases of manufacturers in 1927 classified in four groups; (1) raw materials; (2) semifinished goods; (3) mill supplies (materials used in the general maintenance

of the plant exclusive of that used in repairs to machinery and the conditioning of plant

equipment); and (4) plant equipment (including repairs and maintenance supplies for

conditioning it) .

24 . DISTRIBUT ION COSTS.

The answer to competition is not price cutting, but reduction of waste in physical distribution, says "Distribution Economy". In this connection, the magazine says, "When your

goods leave the production line are they handled with the same mechanical skill that produced them? Are they packed so that each package will take the lowest possible rates, yet

carry without damage hazard? Are they loaded and braced safely? Have the most economical

combinations of rail, motor, water or air transportation been used? Have you public or private warehouse facilities to enable you to take advantage of carload rates, and at the same

time maintain spot stocks in strategic marketing areas? Are your commodities moved mechanically at all times to reduce handling costs? These are the problems of every industrial exe- cutive .

25 . HANDLING COSTS STUDIED.

The Foodstuffs Division of the Department of Commerce has undertaken a special study of

handling costs for canned vegetables, fruit, neats, fish, soups and milk. Plans are being

made for a complete study of the handling costs of canned foods through canners, wholesale

distributors, including various types of jobbers, and retailers. This information will be

applied to the different commodities, further broken down into grades and sizes The findings will present the conditions with relation to drop shipments and packing house handling.

The study will be under the supervision of the Division's Grocery Specialist. Studies

are to be made in different parts of the country, so that comparisons may be had between

outstanding houses in their field in each region. Such studies are now under way in representative houses in the Middle West. Briefly the method is to allocate the cost of handling

to the different departments or classifications of merchandise; and then to conduct further

research on canned foods. A major object of the study is to promote the use by the wholesale grocer of more scientific accounting methods in computing his costs of handling various

types of canned foods, which represent such an important part of his business.
Commercial Standards Monthly - No. 46 -12-

26 . " THE HOME THAT THE BUDGET BUILT,"

One of the large New York Department stores has a model house in one of its sections

where actual demonstrations are given of the efficacy of budgeting and the merchandise purchasable on the budget plan. The section is reported exceedingly popular.

BUILDING AND HOUSING.

J. F. Taylo r

27 . NEWS OF THE D IVISI ON.

With the legislation of 41 States meeting this January, the Standard City Planning and

Zoning Enabling Act, which were drafted by the Advisory Committee on City Planning and Zoning. have been in active demand from civio and business groups and local officials throughout

the country. Legislation relating to some or all of the topics covered in these Acts was passed in 27 states in 1927, which indicates a widespread demand on the part of municipalities for laws and charter amendments which enable them better to make and carry out city plans

and cooperate with the officials of other cities, towns, villages and counties in regional

planning programs.

The Standard City Planning Enabling Act, which was recently published and embodies the

result of more than three years work by the advisory committee covers the appointment of

city and town planning commissions and defines their powers and relations to other branches

of local governments. It also provides for effective regulation of the subdivision or platting of land, including new sub-developments in a belt beyond the city limits, for control

of building in the bed of mapped streets, and for the establishment of regional planning

commissions. The document contains full explanatory notes, which indicate that States not

wishing to cover all the subjects enumerated in the Act may use parts of it, alone, or to supplement existing legislation.

The first printing of 10,000 copies of "Present Home Financing Methods" was sold out in

November by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, within two weeks of

its announcement by the Department. A second larger printing has now been completed, and

orders can be filled promptly at the rate of 5 cents a copy, $4.50 a hundred, $45.00 a thousand, and $25.00 for each additional thousand on larger orders. Among the quantity purchasers

have been prominent building and loan associations, savings banks, employers, trade associations whose members are interested in home financing, and other business groups who want

existing home financing facilities improved, as an encouragement to active building of new

homes on a sound, economic basis.

RESEARCH

28 . INGENUI TY DEVELOPED.

Industrial research today is supported by a little group of earnest thinkers. Industry, full of mediocre triumphs but still woefully weak in economy, conservation and utilization, will gain its full power only when research gains its full recognition says "Manufacturers Mews" editorially in discussing the fact that "Extremity Develops Ingenuity." This

Editorial says that every raw material has uses still undiscovered; almost every industrial

process produces by-products whose value still is unrealized; every factory has wastes

to be reclaimed and every operation can be performed in a better and more economical way.
Commercial Standards Monthly - No. 46 -13-

29 . N6W_EM_IN_C0TT0N

.

Discussing "A New Era In Cotton Textiles 1 ' In a recent issue of "Commerce and Finance,"

Herbert G. Beede , Secretary of Fales and Jenks Machine Company, said that the essentials of

of a successful cotton mill proposition, without regard to the personnel, would include a definite policy of limiting the product to a few standard and non-conflicting lines rather

than too much diversification or on the other hand an outstanding ability to handle style and

seasonal goods,

30 . PIONEER I t) RESEARCH .

In a recent article appearing in , "The Railway Age", Mr. H. D. Browne , Engineer of Lists

,

The Chicago and North Western Railroad, said that not only was this the pioneer road of Chicago , but also the pioneer road in the Middle West to establish a department for testing

materials, both chemically and physically.

One of the necessary tasks of this department is the formulation of specifications to govern the purchase and testing of various kinds of materials used by the railroad in the

construction and repair of locomotives, cars, bridges, etc. Every effort is made to improve

the quality of materials through a study of manufacturing methods, the application of proper

specifications and careful attention to testing and inspection.

31 . TECHNICA L PAPER.

A paper enti tled"Temperature Measurement of Molten Cast Iron" by H. T. Wens el and

W. F. Roeser. of the Bureau of Standards, has been selected by the Board of Awards of the

American Foundrymen ’ s Association as one of the three best papers in the association's

field, published during 1923. Each of the three papers selected, covers a different line of

work, the paper by Wensel and Roeser falling under the classification of work in gray iron.

The prize will be presented at the annual convention of the association, to be held in Chicago next spring.

32. THEORETICAL RESEARCH.

People who have but slight acquaintance with science or the work of scientific men sometimes wonder why so much scientific work is so very "theoretical." They recall the

definition of a specialist as "one who learns more and more about less and less," or the re- mark of Anatole France, that a savant is "one who is interested in something that is fundamentally uninteresting." Yet discoveries that must be made to lay foundations or clear

the way for future progress are often not themselves of immediate practical use. Science is

like a mosaic pavement, into which successive fragments of truth must be fitted wi th regard

to beauty and completeness of the pattern as a whole, without too much concern for the practical uses that might be made of the fragments individually . Then, when the pattern has become

fairly complete, the man who is chiefly interested in the practical applications of science

will discover that the orderly and systematized knowledge that has been placed at his disposal

has greatly simplified his task.

33 . THE WAY TO NET PROFITS.

"As the thoughtful man travels the new way to net profits and explores its tributary

by-ways, he observes that the road leads through a composite understanding of markets, merchandising, distribution, sales forecasting, production planning, expense budgeting, and

analytical research," is the message of Mr. Fred W. Sibley, Vice President, Bankers Trust

Company of New York, contained in "Commerce and Finance" regarding "The New Way to Net

Profits."
Commercial Standards Monthly -No, 46 -14-

According to Mr. Sibley, knowledge of markets and marketing conditions is of primary

importance in that it shapes production schedules to maximum advantage, minimizing inventory and labor turnover problems and simplifying financial budget almost to accounting

routine. To the executive reponsible for such procedure there inevitably comes the realization that his business is inextricably tied up with that of his fellow men, and that unfair competition is an economic evil which feeds upon itself, working to accomplish its own destruction as surely as that of the competitor it hopes to destroy. Just as water must

flow freely or become stale, so must there be an unrestricted flow of information as between

consumer and producer throughout the entire stream of distribution.

34 . WHITTEMORE HONORED.

The James Turner Morehead Medal has been awarded to Herbert L. Whittemore, of the Bureau of Standards, for his outstanding welding research work in the oxyacetylene field.

Since 1927 Mr. Whittemore has been chief of the engineering mechanics section of the Bureau

of Standards. In this position he has had charge of a group of large testing machines which

is unequalled anywhere, including the 2,000,000 pound precision Emery testing machine and

the 10,000,000 pound Olsen machine which is the largest in the world. Mr. Whittemore was elected a junior member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1903 and a member

in 1910.

UTILIZATION OF WASTE.

35 . G OVERNMENTAL SAVINGS

A review of the annual reports of the Public Printers from 1922 to 1927, show how that

official is conducting a waste elimination program through simplification and standardization

in connection with the management of the Government Printing Office.

Through the adoption of standardized letterheads, as to paper stock and size, it is

estimated that the saving is $15,000 a year. By the restriction of duplication in the printing of annual reports there has been saved $43,000. By standardizing wall calendars for all

government departments a saving of approximately $5,000 a year has been effected. In addition to the economies effected by simplification of forms, publication sizes, etc., other

savings have been made through better shop practices, more careful supervision over the use

of materials and the operation of machinery. In 1924, these savings were $283,916.25; in

1925, $312,333.46; in 1926, $230,838.59; and in 1927, $388,883.00.

36 . NAVY SAVES MONEY.

Because it is necessary that the naval supplies carried in store at the various navy

yards and supply depots be in such quantity and material condition as to best meet the needs

of the navy, particular attention is given to the utilization of excess material and the disposal of non-standard and inactive items of stock, according to the annual report of the

Secretary of the Navy, for the fiscal year 1928. During the year $837,000 in excess stocks

was utilized by the navy.

37 . USES CORNSTALKS.

The first daily newspaper in the world to be printed on cornstalk paper is believed to be the Danville (Illinois) Commercial News, with its 116 page Edition of Progress, Sunday,

December 16, 1928. This heralded a new epoch in the paper world. The leading article in

the Edition of Progress best describes what this publication on paper produced from farm

waata scans not only to the paper world, but to the industrial world. This artiolesaid.
Commercial Standards Monthly - No. -40 -15-

in part:

"Who can not visualize as he reads these printed colums that the successful establishment of a pulp and paper industry using agricultural wastes as its raw materials means: The

stopping of overdrafts on the world's forest resources; Automatic Flood Control by arresting

the destruction of forests at the head waters of streams; creation of new sources of income

for Agriculture from by-products now wasted; Building of pulp and paper mills where they

have never been built before, wherever corn is grown abundantly and there is ample water

supply for manufacturing."

ELIMINATION OF WASTE

38 . A SSOCIATI ONAL WASTES.

According to The Corn Exchange, published by the Corn Exchange National Bank and Trust

Company of Philadelphia, "within the city of Philadelphia there are forty-six separate

trade organizations trying to do Chamber of Commerce work. They should co-ordinate their

activities for the general good of Philadelphia. They should work together as one. Why

not Hooverize them?

39 . COST OF DISTRIBUTION.

Efficiency and scientific management are essential factors in the successful operation

of the modern industrial plant. Great progress has been made in these directions by American manufacturers during the last decade. Waste has been eliminated in a thousand different

ways through improved business practice and through simplification of processes and methods

of manufacture. Owing to our great domestic market, factory operation on a gigantic scale

has mads it possible to apply every advance toward the production of standard commodities of

high quality at a low cost.

Dunn's International Review for December, in discussing this subject editorially says:

"With this lowering of production costs , it is now recognized that the next great field for

the reduction of industrial waste is in methods of distribution. Today, the necessity for

satisfactory and economical distribution as a means of passing production economies on to consumers is reinforced by the realization that, in many instances, effective distribution

is the deciding factor in the new group competition between industries, commodities, and

distributors. The idea of a smoother and more economical passage of merchandise from producers to consumers is growing rapidly and it is to be hoped that the problem will permit

of an early solution."

40 . "MANAGEMENT WEEK" EXPANDS.

The growth of the movement that was started six years ago to hold Management Meetings

all over the country during one week a year has become so large that it has been decided to expand the duration to a month. The moath now chosen is April which avoids the disadvantages

found in using the former week ia October.

The Management Division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, has issued a request to Local Sections to arrange if convenient a Management Meeting during the Month of

April. The Management Division offers its aid to any local Section in securing speakers for

their meeting and requests that the local sections cooperate in any movement in their locality to hold a joint Management Meeting during the Month of April.
Commercial Standards Monthly -No. 46 -16-

There is also a change in the form of stimulating such management activities. The

organizations supporting Management Week decided that the movement had progressed to a state

where it no longer needs the stimilus of a joint National Committee and that it would be

advantageous to decentralize the movement by making the interested organizations responsible

for aiding their own local groups. This year local groups can apply directly to their own organizations for as sistance in arranging local programs as the joint National Committee

has been disbanded. The remarkable success of the week has made this change necessary as from a small beginning in 1922 the movement to secure greater consideration of management

problems grew until during Management weak of October, 1927, meetings were held in 120 cities

with a total attendance of over 36,000. This large growth made the work of the Joint

Committee difficult to handle and the decentralizing of it became advisable.

The month of April was considered the most generally convenient time for Management

Meetings throughout the country. During that month the Division is willing to aid in the

routing of promiment speakers on Management. However, Local Sections and other groups are urged not to overlook including Management in their yearly program just because local con- ditions may not make it possible to have a meeting in April as the Management Division is

always willing to give some assistance to a local meeting on Management at any time during

the year.

Local groups wishing assistance for speakers are requested to communicate with W. L. Conrad, 29 West 39th Street, New York, New York, Chairman, Management Division, A. S. M. E.

41 . NEW-IDEAS.

The greatest demand right now is for ideas which will help to reduce the high cost of

distribution, according to William R. Bassett, of Spencer, Trask and Company, New York, New

York, in "Class and Industrial Marketing." He expresses the opinion that "new ideas, lowering costs, offer a chance to develop prioe appeal," He looks for changes to take place in

industry, during the next fifteen years, along the following lines. 1, Great reductions in

all kinds of costs will expand markets, 2. Business will be simplified in many respects.

Outworn trade customs of many kinds will be discarded. 3. Channels of distribution will

be cleared of needless obstructions. 4. Discoveries in pure science will reduce the present

markets for certain goods, and open markets for new goods. 5. Art will increasingly enter

into goods. 6. It is even possible that uneconomic costly competition will come to be

frowned on, instead of encouraged by the law.

42 • PRflS£EBin_

Because mass production must sell oheaply, there can not be tolerated wastes in distribution, because this adds greatly to the final selling price and therefore limits the

market, said Edward A. Filene, Boston Merchant, in a recent address to the Springfield

(Massachusetts) Merchants' Bureau. He further said that because of the high production pay

worker in factories operating on mass principles, it is possible to pay high wages

43 . PURCHASING.

There are few persons responsibly associated with large scale buying and supplying who

have not agreed upon the importance of employing standards in their negotiations in order to provide the foundation for competition by sellers and the means by which uniformity can be

secured in the quality of the product, remarks Railway Age, editorially in speaking of Standards and Purchasing. The editorial states that the importance of employing standards that
Commercial Standards Monthly -No. 46 -17-

are uniform and of adhering to them in practise . does not seem to be so well recognized.

The v&lme of standards to efficient purchasing feas been proved beyond a doubt but it still

remains to be proved that a buyer, who does not support the practices which standardization

calls for, can be depended upon to get the best value for his money.

44. WASTE DUE TO TRAFFIC.

Mr. A. B. Barber, of the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety, has com- pleted a survey, showing the vast losses sustained by the public through traffic delays

He concludes that $2,000,000,000 a year is a conservative estimate of the Nation's bill for

tmffic delays. This figure does not. of course, include losses from accidents which run high into the millions of dollars.

For instance. Mr. Barber found that in downtown Boston delays in traffic, cost the

community $24,500,000 a year in addition to losses from accidents which approximate $2,000 - 000 a year. Chicago's lose he found to be approximately $220,000,000 a year. New York's

annual tribute to the traffic problem is $350,000,000 a year, or $1,000,000 a day

45. WASTE IN INDUSTRY.

Th® National Safety Council estimates that accidents cost the American people $3,200,-

000.000 annually. This figure, the Council says, is conservative, based on study of best

available sources. Leading the loss comes industrial accidents at $1,000,000,000 annually;

home accidents at $850,000,000; followed by automotive accidents at $800,000,000 and fires

at $550,000,000. During 1927, the Council reports, there were 95,000 fatal accidents, while

10,000,000 suffered non-fatal injuries. Industrial accidents alone cost 320,000,000 working

days

A report on national vitality prepared in 1909 for the National Conservation Commission, appointed by President Roosevelt, estimated that there were then about 3,000,000 persons seriously ill at all times in th© United States. This meant an average annual loss per

person of 13 days, owing to illness. It was estimated that 42 per cent of this illness was preventable, and that such prevention would extend the average life by more than 15 years

Since that report was issued an apparent reduction in illness has been accomplished

46 . "WASTE WEEK” WORTH WHILE.

''Waste Elimination Week," conducted from October 15 to 20, in all plants of the United

States Steel Corporation, gave impressive results, which, according to The Iron Age. as time goes on. should recult in substantial savings in production costs. The general re- sponse from employees may be realized from the fact that in one group of plants of the

American Steel and Wire Company, those of the Worcester district, there were almost as many

suggestions from employees as there were men employed. The number of men was 4,700 and the

number of suggestions was 4,424. Fully one-half of these are considered useful and more than 100 of them have been recommended for consideration for financial award.

47. JEW PUBLI C ATIONS OF BUREAU OF STANDARDS. New and Revised Publications of the Bureav

of Standards Issued During December. 1928. Bureau of Standards Journal of Research, Vol.*l, No. 6. December. 1928. (R. P. Hos . 32 to 36, inclusive). Price

25 cents, (foreign. 31 cents) RF 32. Physical properties of dental material (gold

alloys and accessory materials); R. L. Coleman. Price, 35 cents. RP 33, Use of

the under-water spark with the Hilger sector photometer in ultra-violet spectrophotometry; H. J. McNicholas. Prioa 5 *©nts . RP 34. Reaction of water »n o*,l«iwc
Commercial Standards Monthly - No. 46 •18-

NEW PUBLIC A TTfiNS OF BUREAU OF STANDARDS ( Cont ' d )

aluminates; L. S. Wells. Price 25 cents. RP 35. Unidirectional radiobeacon for

aircraft; E. Z. Stowell. Price 10 cents. RP 36. Studies of machines for ex- truding clay columns. Augers, spacers, and dies for brick machines; P. C. Grunwell.

Price 15 cents.

S cie n t if ic Papers. Volume 22, Scientific papers of the Bureau of Standards; Nos. 547

to 572 (bound in cloth). Price $3.00.

H andbooks

H4 (3.928 edition). Discussion of the National Electrical Safety Code.

(To accompany the fourth edition of the code). Price $1.00.

S imp li fied Pract i ce Recommendation. R56-28 (supersedes R56) . Carbon Brushes and

brush shunts. Price 10 cents .R81-28. Binder's board. Price 5 cents. R28-28

Hollow metal single-acting swing doors, frames and trim. Price 5 cents. R90-28.

Hack-saw blades. Price 5 cents.

Technical News Bulletin. TNB140. Technical News Bulletin, December, 1928.

"Send orders for publications under this heading, with remittance , only to the Superintendent

of Documents, Government Printing Office , Washington , D. C. Subscription to Bureau of Standards

Journal of Research $2.75 per year (United States Canada, Cuba. Mexico. Newfoundland, and

Republic of Panama); other countries . j3 .50 . Subscription to Technical News Bulletin 25 cents

(other countries, 40 cents)."

48 . APPENDIX.

Simplified Invoice League - Reports received from December 1 to January 1. 1929.

Company Period Invoices

Checked

On Simplified form

Per Cent

Adherence

Grand Rapids Railroad Company - - - 75.00

Cadillac Motor Car Company 23 days 3229 2171 67.27

Standard Malleable Iron Company - - - 60 . 00*

Grand Rapids Gas Light Co. - - - 50 00*

Grand Rapids Varnish Corporation - - - 50 . 00*

Michigan Seating Company - - - 50 . 00*

Clark Equipment Company 10 days - - 41.25

Southern Ohio Public Service Co 10 days 364 146 40.11

Doerman Rochrer Company - - - 35.00

New York Power and Light Corporation - - - 33 . 33*

Purchasing Agents Association - - - 33.33

Oklahoma Gas and Electric Company 10 days - - 30.30

Gunn Furniture Company - - - 30.00*

Imperial Furniture Company - - - 30 . 00*

E. A. Featherstone, Incorporated

Terre Haute, Indianapolis and Eastern

25 days 720 ^8.00

Traction Company 1 month 1646 444 27.01

Purchasing Agents Ass'n. of Utah - - - 25.00*

Cincinnati Hamilton & Dayton Ry . Co- 15 days 98 24 24.49

Graybar Electric Company - - - 23.50

Union Gas and Electric Company - - - 21.00

Twin City Ass'n. of Pur. Agent?* - - - 20.00*

Oliver Chilled Plow Works 10 days - - 19.85
Commercial Standards Monthly -No. 46. -19-

48 . A F FEND IX (Cont'd).

Simplifi3li-IlYai.Qs_Le3£^e„-.B ?P0rtg Re ceiv ed f rom Dece mber 1 to January 1. 1928 i cent 1 d)

Company

L. A. Valve and Fitting CompanyGeneral Petroleum Corporation

F. D. Lawrence Electric Company

U. S. Electrical Mfg. Company

Regan Forg9 & Engineering Co. Keilan, Schumacher & Company

Kestinghouse Lamp Company

Penn Ohio System

Utah Light & Traction Company

Pacific Electric Company

Knape &. Vogt Mfg. Company

Nichols & Cox Lumber Co.

Robins Conveying Belt Co. Southern Countries Gas Company

Eaker Iron Works

American Manganese Steel Co. Blue Diamond Company

National Standard Company

L. A. Railway Corporation

Pacific Wire Rope Company

Howard Auto Company

Llewellyn Iron Works

Berkey and Gay Furniture Co. Buss Machine Works

Dept, of Water and Power

Ferr.hcltz Machine Company

Gordon-Harrison Russell Inc.,

Klise Manufacturing Company

Pacific Chemical Company

Whiting Mead Company

Riverside Cement Company

Leonard Refrigerator Company

Shell Co. of California

Thomas Hoverty Company

L. W. Blinn Lumber Company

The Carrom Company

Pacific Coast Borax Company

Richfield Oil Company

Musto Keenan Company

Challenge Machinery Company

Purchasing Agents Ass'n. of Eiraingham

U. S. Playing Card Company

Pacific Coast Eiscuit Company

Franklin Motor Company

W . P. Fuller and Company

Pe riod Invoices On Simpli- Per Cent

Checked fied form Adherence

1 month 251 _ 16.40

5 days 1637 - 15.57

- - - 15.00

16 days 274 - 15.00

1 month 390 - 14.75

15 days 162 - 14.00

10 days - - 14.00

V days 761 90 11 .83

6 days 109 10 10.90

15 days 1554 - 10.81

- - - 10.00

- - - 10.00*

10 days - - 10.00*

12 days 500 - 10.00

1 month 200 - 9.50

1 month 153 - 9.00

15 days 300 - 9.00*

10 days - - 8.25

15 days 900 - 8.00

12 days 237 - 6,50

1 month 275 „ 5.50

1 month 2452 - 5.20

- - - 5.00*

- - - 5.00*

18 days 3000 - 5.00*

15 days 125 - 5.00

15 days 400 - 5.00

- - - 5.00*

15 days 65 - 5.00

15 days 300 - 5.00

14 days 343 - 3.50

- - - 3 .00*

2 days 400 - 3.00*

Si mos

1049 firm3 31 firms 3.00

15 days 400 - 2.00

- - 2 .00*

17 days 900 - 2.00

1 month 8000 - 2 .00*

15 days 106 - 1 .i9 - - - 1.00*

- - - 1.00*

- - - 1.00

1 month 146 - 00.63

15 days 250 - 00.50

1 month 712 — 00.00

Approximate . 0—