## CLIMATE CHANGE EPA Region RTOC Meeting June 18, 20141. Third National Climate Assessment 2. EPA Agency-wide and Region 8 Climate Adaptation Plans 3. Clean Air Act Section 111d Guidelines for Existing Power Plants
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### Presentation Outline

### • Released on May 6, 2014 - focused on the impacts of climate change in the US . 

### • Developed by the US Global Change Research Program. • Sectors: water resources, agriculture, land use, and rural communities, among others. • Geographical Areas: Northwest, Southwest, 

### Great Plains, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Alaska, Pacific Islands. 3 

### Third National Climate AssessmentFindings: • Global climate is changing and this is apparent across the US in a wide range of observations. • The global warming of the past 50 years is primarily due to human activities, predominantly the burning of fossil fuels.

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### Third National Climate AssessmentFindings: • Some extreme weather and climate events have increased in recent decades, and new and stronger evidence confirms that many of these increases are related to human activities. • Human - induced climate change is projected to continue, and it will accelerate significantly if global emissions of heat-trapping gases continue to increase. 6 

### Third National Climate AssessmentFindings: • Water quality and water supply reliability are jeopardized by climate change in a variety of ways that affect ecosystems and livelihoods . • Climate disruptions to agriculture have been increasing and are projected to become more severe over this century.
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### Third National Climate AssessmentFindings: • Climate change poses particular threats to Indigenous Peoples’ health, wellbeing, and ways of life . • Ecosystems and the benefits they provide to society are being affected by climate change – their capacity to buffer the impacts of extreme events like fires, floods, and severe storms is being overwhelmed. 8 

### Third National Climate AssessmentFindings: • The “big picture” science has not changed substantially. • There is a better (but not full) understanding of the “details” – precipitation , extreme events, regional impacts.

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### Third National Climate AssessmentFindings: • There is an improving recognition of complexity. • Recent IPCC documents have expressed a more dire situation – there are focused on longer term state changes vs. the NCA that is looking at what is happening now. 10 

### Third National Climate Assessment1. Third National Climate Assessment 2. EPA Agency-wide and Region 8 Climate Adaptation Plans 3. Clean Air Act Section 111d Guidelines for Existing Power Plants

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### Presentation Outline12



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans

• Agency-Wide Climate Adaptation Plan • Program Office Climate Adaptation Implementation Plans: Office of Administration and Resources Management (OARM) Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP) Office of International and Tribal Affairs Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Office of Water (OW)
• A ll 10 Regional Offices13



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans Identify climate impacts Assess how impacts will effect program areas Identify priority activities14



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans Climate Impacts Identified in the R8 Plan: 1. Increased tropospheric ozone pollution 2. Increased frequency and intensity of wildfires 3. Increasing extreme temperatures 4. Increasing heavy precipitation events 5. I ncreasing drought intensity 6. Increasing risk of floods 7. Increased pest pressure and changing mix of pests15



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans Tribal Considerations: • Tribes are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to the integral nature of the environment within their traditional lifeways and culture. • EPA places a priority on the development of adaptation strategies that reduce the impact of climate change on tribes.16



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans Tribal Considerations: • A formal consultation process was used to engage tribes in the development of the EPA’s agency-wide Climate Adaptation Plan. • Tribes identified some of the most pressing issues as erosion, temperature change, drought, and changes in access to and quality of water.17



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans Tribal Considerations: • Tribes recommended the development of tools and strategies, data and information, research to track the effects of climate change, community- level education, and financial support . • Tribes challenged EPA to coordinate climate change activities among federal agencies so that resources are better leveraged and administrative burdens are reduced.18



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans Priority Activities: Water Air Environmental Education Agriculture Environmental Justice Enforcement Ecosystem Protection Remediation Emergency Preparedness NEPA Tribal Assistance Pesticides19



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans Priority Activities Related to Tribal Assistance: • Work with tribal partners and other organizations to provide climate information, and tools and training, that would assist tribes in preparing for climate change impacts. • Embark on a process to include adaptation into the tribal grant making function .20



### EPA Climate Adaptation Plans Priority Activities Related to Tribal Assistance: • Periodically review and assess emerging scientific and TEK understanding on relevant climate vulnerabilities and projections, and incorporate into programmatic work, as appropriate.21 

### Climate Adaptation Tools & Resources EPA’s Tools and Resources Include:
• Climate Ready Water Utilities Toolbox • Green Infrastructure Initiative • WaterSense Program • Community- Based Water Resiliency Initiative • National Stormwater Calculator22 

### Climate Adaptation Tools & Resources Other tools and resources include:
• NOAA - National Integrated Drought Information System / US Drought Portal • USDA Climate Hubs and Drought Monitor • CDC – Climate and Health Program • US Forest Service – Climate Change Resource Center1. Third National Climate Assessment 2. EPA Agency-wide and Region 8 Climate Adaptation Plans 3. Clean Air Act Section 111d Guidelines for Existing Power Plants
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### Presentation OutlineCarbon pollution is already causing long- lasting changes to our climate system, and affecting our health and welfare.

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### EPA’ Clean Power Plan

### EPA’s Clean Power Plan

25N ationwide carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the power sector will be reduced by approximately 30% by 2030 from 2005 levels.

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### EPA’ Clean Power Plan

### U.S. Electricity Generation Capacity in 2013

27 Source: VENTYX Velocity SuiteEPA was directed to promulgate standards for both new and existing power plants using its Clean Air Act authority.

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### The President’s Climate Action PlanEPA was also directed to engage stakeholders, provide flexibility, build on the leadership of states, and continue to rely on a range of energy sources.

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### The President’s Climate Action PlanThe proposed rule establishes individual state goals in lbs/MWh based on a consistent national formula

- calculated with state-specific information.

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### Summary of the Proposal

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### State Goal Building Blocks

31 Building Blocks Examples of State Compliance Measures 1. CO2 Emission Reductions in Coal Fleet • Efficiency improvements • Co-firing with natural gas • Carbon capture & storage • Coal retirements 2. Re- Dispatch to Existing Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) Plants • Utilize existing NGCC units at a higher capacity • New NGCC units 3. Renewable Energy and Nuclear • New renewable energy • New nuclear energy • Relicensing of at- risk nuclear facilities 4. Demand - Side Energy Efficiency • Residential, commercial, and industrial energy efficiency • Transmission efficiency

### State Goals

32 State Interim Goal Final Goal Colorado 1,159 1,108 Montana 1,882 1,771 North Dakota 1,817 1,783 South Dakota 800 741 Utah * 1,378 1,322 Wyoming 1,808 1,714 * Does not include affected facilities in Indian Country.

### State Plans States have broad flexibility to implement measures across the power sector to get reductions. They can rely to on EPA’s building blocks, or on other measures.

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### States Have Flexibility

34 Carbon emissions from affected power

plants in an example state

Timing of Power Plant Emission Reductions

### Deadline for State Plans States must submit an initial plan by June 30, 2016 State may request a one year extension for individual state plans to June 30, 2017 State may request a two-year extension for multistate plans to June 30, 2018

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### What the Plan Means for Tribes

36 A tribe that has one or more affected EGUs located in its area of Indian country would have the opportunity, but not the obligation, to establish a plan under section 111d that establishes standards of performance for CO2 emissions from affected EGUs. The EPA is aware of three coal -fired power plants and one natural gas-fired EGU located in Indian country.

### What the Plan means for Tribes

37 EPA has the responsibility to establish CAA section 111(d) plans for areas of Indian country where affected sources are located unless the tribe seeks to establish a plan itself. If a tribe does seek and obtains the necessary authority to establish a plan itself, it is EPA’s intention that the tribe would have flexibility to develop a plan tailored to its circumstances, in the same manner as a state.

### Tribal Points of View Some tribes raised concerns about the impact on jobs and revenue for their tribes. Other tribes expressed concern about the cost of water to their communities as a result of increased electricity costs. Yet other tribes raised concerns about the impacts of climate change on their communities, resources, life ways, and hunting and treaty rights. 38

### Other Impacts

39 Electricity bills down 8% in 2030

$0 $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Monthly Residential Electricity Bills (2011$)

Historical - Converted to 2011$ Base Case Clean Power PlanSources of Electricity Generation in 2030

40 Coal 31% Natural Gas 32% Other Fuel 37%

### Next Steps

• The proposed rule and information about how to comment are available online at: http://www.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan
• EPA will hold 4 public hearings the week of July 28th in Denver , Atlanta , Pittsburgh and Washington, D.C.
• There will be a 120-day public comment period on the proposal.
• R8 will reach out to diverse external stakeholders to get comments on the proposal, as well as EPA Region 8 programs.
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