OSHA 3162-12R 2009

Screening and

Surveillance: A Guide to

OSHA Standards
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

“To assure safe and healthful working

conditions for working men and women; by

authorizing enforcement of the standards

developed under the Act; by assisting and

encouraging the States in their efforts to

assure safe and healthful working conditions;

by providing for research, information,

education, and training in the field of

occupational safety and health.”

This publication provides a general

overview of a particular standards-related

topic. This publication does not alter or

determine compliance responsibilities which

are set forth in OSHA standards and the

Occupational Safety and Health Act.

Moreover, because interpretations and

enforcement policy may change over time,

for additional guidance on OSHA compliance

requirements the reader should consult

current administrative interpretations and

decisions by the Occupational Safety and

Health Review Commission and the courts.

Material contained in this publication is in the

public domain and may be reproduced, fully

or partially, without permission. Source

credit is requested but not required.

This information will be made available to

sensory impaired individuals upon request.

Voice phone: (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter

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U.S. Department of Labor

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OSHA 3162-12R

2009

Screening and

Surveillance: A Guide

to OSHA Standards
2

The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires

that employers comply with safety and health

standards promulgated by OSHA or by a state

with an OSHA-approved state plan. This guide is

a quick reference to help you locate and implement the screening and surveillance requirements of the Federal OSHA standards published

in Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (29

CFR). This guide provides a general overview of

OSHA requirements. It is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations.

For full details of specific compliance requirements, please consult the appropriate OSHA

standard in the CFR. You can access the medical

surveillance provisions of the OSHA standards

on the Internet at www.osha.gov. Additional assistance is available by telephone at 1-800-321-

OSHA (6742).
3

Content

Glossary . . . 4

Acrylonitrile . . . 5

Arsenic (Inorganic) . . . 6

Asbestos (General Industry) . . . 7

Asbestos (Construction and Shipyards) . . . 8

Benzene . . . 9

Bloodborne Pathogens . . . 10

1,3-Butadiene . . . 11

Cadmium . . . 12

Carcinogens (Suspect) . . . 13

Chromium(VI), Hexavalent Chromium . . . 14

Coke Oven Emissions . . . 15

Compressed Air Environments . . . 16

Cotton Dust . . . 17

1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane . . . 18

Ethylene Oxide . . . 19

Formaldehyde . . . 20

HAZWOPER . . . 21

Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories . . . 22

Lead . . . 23

Methylene Chloride . . . 25

Methylenedianiline . . . 26

Noise . . . 27

Respiratory Protection . . . 28

Vinyl Chloride . . . 29

Footnotes . . . 30

OSHA Assistance . . . 31

OSHA Regional Offices . . . 35
Glossary

BP blood pressure

BUN blood urea nitrogen

CBC complete blood count

FEF forced expiratory flow

FEV1 forced expiratory volume one

second

FSH follicle stimulating hormone

FVC forced vital capacity

HAZWOPER Hazardous Waste Operations

and Emergency Response

HBV hepatitis B virus

LH luteinizing hormone

MDA methylenedianiline

PFT pulmonary function test

PHS or USPHS United States Public Health

Service

PLHCP physician or other licensed

healthcare professional

PPE personal protective equipment

SGOT serum glutamic oxalacetic

transaminase

SGPT serum glutamic pyruvic

transaminase

ZPP zinc protoporphyrin

4
Acrylonitrile 1910.1045(n); 1926.1145;

1915.1045*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1

Periodic exam Yes – annual

1

Emergency/exposure Yes

examination and tests

Termination exam Yes – if no exam within 6

months of termination

Examination includes Respiratory, gastrointestispecial emphasis on nal

1,thyroid, skin, neurothese body systems logical (peripheral and

central)

Work and medical Required for all exams2

history

Chest x-ray Yes

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests Fecal occult blood1

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

5
Arsenic (Inorganic) 1910.1018(n);

1926.1118; 1915.1018*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1

Periodic exam Yes1

Emergency/exposure Yes

examination and tests

Termination exam Yes – if no exam within 6

months of termination

Examination includes Skin, nasal

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical Required for all exams2

history with focus on respiratory

symptoms; includes

smoking history

Chest x-ray Yes

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests No

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

6
Asbestos (General Industry)

1910.1001(l)

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 3

Periodic exam Yes – annual

1

Emergency/exposure No

examination and tests

Termination exam Yes – within ± 30 days

of termination

Examination includes Respiratory, cardiovascular,

special emphasis on gastrointestinal

these body systems

Work and medical Required for all exams2

history standardized form required;

see standard, Appendix D

Chest x-ray Yes1 – B reader, board

eligible/certified radiologist

or physician with expertise

in pneumoconioses

required; see standard,

Appendix E for x-ray

interpretation and

classification requirements

Pulmonary function FVC, FEV1

test (PFT)

Other required tests No

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician; includes

re: exam results, informing employee of

conditions of increased risk of lung cancer

increased risk from combined effects of

smoking and asbestos

exposure

Medical removal plan No

7
Asbestos (Construction and Shipyards)

1926.1101(m); 1915.1001

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 3

Periodic exam Yes – annual

1 or more

frequently if determined by

physician

Emergency/exposure No

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Pulmonary and

special emphasis on gastrointestinal

these body systems

Work and medical Required for all exams2;

history special emphasis on

pulmonary, cardiovascular,

gastrointestinal; standardized form required; see

standard, Appendix D

Chest x-ray Yes1 – B reader, board

eligible/certified radiologist

or physician with expertise

in pneumoconioses required; see standard,

Appendix E for x-ray

interpretation and

classification requirements

Pulmonary function FVC, FEV1

test (PFT)

Other required tests No

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician; includes

re: exam results, informing employee of

conditions of increased risk of lung cancer

increased risk from combined effects of

smoking and asbestos

exposure

Medical removal plan No

8
Benzene

1910.1028(i); 1926.1128; 1915.1028*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 3, 4

Periodic exam Yes – annual

1, 4

Emergency/exposure Yes1, 4 – includes urinary

examination and tests phenol test

Termination exam No

Examination includes Hemopoietic; add cardiopulspecial emphasis on monary if respiratory protecthese body systems tion used at least 30 days/

year, (initially, then every 3

years)

Work and medical Required for initial and

history periodic exams (pre-placement exam requires special

history)2

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function Initially and every 3 years if

test (PFT) respiratory protection used

30 days/year; specific tester

requirements

Other required tests CBC, differential, other specific blood tests; repeated

as required; see standard

Evaluation of ability Yes – if respirators are used

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan Yes

9
Bloodborne Pathogens

1910.1030(f)

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam No – must offer Hepatitis B

(HBV) vaccine unless

already immune or vaccine

contraindicated

Periodic exam No

Emergency/exposure Specific post-exposure moniexamination and tests toring for employee and

source; HBV vaccine; see

standard

Termination exam No

Examination includes No

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical No

history

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests Yes – post-exposure incident; follow U.S. Public

Health Service (USPHS)

post-exposure protocols

Evaluation of ability No

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes – for post-exposure

deemed necessary incident; follow USPHS

post-exposure protocols

Written medical opinion Yes – licensed healthcare

professional to employer;

employer to employee

Employee counseling Yes – by licensed healthcare

re: exam results, professional; counseling

conditions of re: HBV vaccine and postincreased risk exposure follow-up; see

standard

Medical removal plan No

10
1,3-Butadiene

1910.1051(k); 1926.1151*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 3, 4

Periodic exam Yes1, 4

Emergency/exposure Yes1, 4 – within 48 hours

examination and tests of exposure

Termination exam Yes4 – if 12 months have

elapsed since last exam

Examination includes Liver, spleen, lymph nodes,

special emphasis on and skin

these body systems

Work and medical Required annually and for

history all examinations2; standardized form or equivalent;

includes comprehensive

occupational and health

history; see standard,

Appendices F and C

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests Annually, CBC with differential and platelet count;

also within 48 hrs. after exposure in an emergency

situation and repeated

monthly for 3 more months

Evaluation of ability Yes – if respirators are used

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician or other

licensed healthcare professional to employer and

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician or other

re: exam results, licensed healthcare

conditions of professional

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

11
Cadmium

1910.1027(l); 1926.1127; 1915.1027; 1928.1027*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 3, 4

Periodic exam Yes1, 4

Emergency/exposure Yes1, 4

examination and tests

Termination exam Yes3 – see standard for time

frame and other specifics

Examination includes Respiratory, cardiovascular

special emphasis on (BP), urinary, and for males

these body systems over 40 – prostate palpation1

Work and medical Required for preplacement

history and periodic exams2;

standardized form required

Chest x-ray Yes

Pulmonary function FVC, FEV1

test (PFT)

Other required tests Annually1, cadmium in urine,

beta-2 microglobulin in

urine, cadmium in blood,

CBC, BUN, serum creatinine,

urinalysis; see standard

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician; includes

re: exam results, explanation of results, treatconditions of ment, and diet, and discusincreased risk sion of decisions re: medical removal; see standard

for details

Medical removal plan Yes

12
Carcinogens (Suspect)

1910.1003-1016(g); 1926.1103; 1915.1003-1016*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes

Periodic exam Yes – annual

Emergency/exposure Yes1 – special medical

examination and tests surveillance begins within

24 hours

Termination exam No

Examination includes Exam includes determination

special emphasis on for increased risk (e.g., treatthese body systems ment with steroids or cytotoxic agents, reduced

immunological competence, pregnancy or

cigarette smoking)

Work and medical Required for all examinahistory tions; includes family and

occupational history, genetic and environmental

factors

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests No

Evaluation of ability Yes – as specified in the

to wear a respirator Respiratory Protection

standard, 1910.134(e), if

respirators are used

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer

Employee counseling No

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

13
Chromium(VI), Hexavalent

1910.1026(k); 1926.1126(i); 1915.1026(i)

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1

Periodic exam Yes1

Emergency/exposure Yes1

examination and tests

Termination exam Yes3 – unless last exam was

less than 6 months prior to

date of termination

Examination includes Skin and respiratory tract

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical Required for all exams2;

history includes past, present and

anticipated future exposure;

any history of respiratory

system dysfunction, asthma,

dermatitis, skin ulceration or

nasal septum perforation;

smoking status and history

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests No

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician or other

licensed healthcare professional (PLHCP) to employer;

employer to employee

Employee counseling Yes – by PLHCP

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

14
Coke Oven Emissions

1910.1029(j)

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1

Periodic exam Yes1

Emergency/exposure No

examination and tests

Termination exam Yes – if no exam within 6

months of termination

Examination includes Skin

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical Required for all exams2;

history includes smoking history

and presence and degree

of respiratory symptoms

Chest x-ray Yes

Pulmonary function FVC, FEV1

test (PFT)

Other required tests Weight, urine cytology,

urinalysis for sugar,

albumin, hematuria

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes – see standard,

deemed necessary Appendix B

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician; also,

re: exam results, employer must inform

conditions of employee of possible health

increased risk consequences if employee

refuses any required

medical exam

Medical removal plan No

15
Compressed Air Environments

1926.803(b)

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes

Periodic exam Yes1

Emergency/exposure No

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Not specified

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical No

history

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests No

Evaluation of ability No

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if No

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion No

Employee counseling No

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

16
Cotton Dust

1910.1043(h)

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Physical exam not specified;

other tests required

Periodic exam Physical exam not specified;

other tests required1, 4

Emergency/exposure No

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Not specified

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical Medical history; standardized

history questionnaire required; see

standard, Appendix B-11, 2, 4

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC

test (PFT) Employees with specific

abnormalities are referred

to specialists1, 4, 5

Other required tests No

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if No

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to employer;

employer to employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician re:

re: exam results, results of exam and any

conditions of medical conditions requirincreased risk ing further examination or

treatment

Medical removal plan Yes – for inability to wear a

respirator (6 months)

17
1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane

1910.1044(m); 1926.1144; 1915.1044*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes

Periodic exam Yes1

Emergency/exposure Yes – male reproductive;

examination and tests repeat in 3 months

Termination exam No

Examination includes Reproductive, genitourinary;

special emphasis on see standard for details

these body systems

Work and medical Required for all exams2;

history includes reproductive history;

see standard, Appendix C

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests Sperm count, FSH, LH,

Total estrogen (females);

see standard, Appendix C

for guidelines

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

18
Ethylene Oxide

1910.1047(i); 1926.1147*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1

Periodic exam Yes – annual

1

Emergency/exposure Yes1

examination and tests

Termination exam Yes1

Examination includes Pulmonary, skin, neurologic,

special emphasis on hematologic, reproductive,

these body systems eyes

Work and medical Required for all exams; inhistory cludes reproductive history

and special emphasis on

some body systems; see

standard

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests CBC, white cell count with

differential, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red cell count; if

requested by employee,

pregnancy testing and fertility testing (female/male)

will be added to the exam

as deemed appropriate by

physician

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

19
Formaldehyde

1910.1048(l); 1926.1148; 1915.1048*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 4

Periodic exam Yes1, 4

Emergency/exposure Yes4

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Evidence of irritation or senspecial emphasis on sitization of skin, respiratory

these body systems system, eyes; shortness of

breath

Work and medical Required for all exams2;

history questionnaire required; see

standard, Appendix D

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function FVC, FEV1, FEF should be

test (PFT) evaluated if respiratory

protection is used

Other required tests No

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician; includes

re: exam results, information on whether

conditions of medical conditions were

increased risk caused by past exposures

or emergency exposures

Medical removal plan Yes

20
HAZWOPER

1910.120(f); 1926.65*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1

Periodic exam Yes – annually or at

physician’s discretion1

Emergency/exposure Yes1

examination and tests

Termination exam Yes – if no exam within 6

months of termination/

reassignment

Examination includes Determined by physician;

special emphasis on see standard, Appendix D,

these body systems reference 10 for guidelines

Work and medical Yes – with emphasis on

history symptoms related to handling hazardous substances

and health hazards, fitness

for duty and ability to wear

PPE2

Chest x-ray No – unless determined by

physician

Pulmonary function No – unless determined by

test (PFT) physician

Other required tests No – unless determined by

physician

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

21
Hazardous Chemicals in

Laboratories

1910.1450(g)

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam When required by other

standards

Periodic exam When required by other

standards

Emergency/exposure Yes1

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Not specified

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical When required by other

history standards

Chest x-ray When required by other

standards

Pulmonary function When required by other

test (PFT) standards

Other required tests When required by other

standards

Evaluation of ability Yes – when required by

to wear a respirator other standards

Additional tests if When required by other

deemed necessary standards

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer

Employee counseling Yes – by physician

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

22
Lead

1910.1025(j); 1926.62*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 4 except in construction

industries; construction

requires initial blood tests

only

Periodic exam Yes1, 4

Emergency/exposure Yes1, 4

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Teeth, gums, hematologic,

special emphasis on gastrointestinal, renal, carthese body systems diovascular (BP), neurological; pulmonary status if

respiratory protection used

Work and medical Required for all exams2;

history includes reproductive history, past lead exposure,

both work/non-work, and

history of specific body

systems; see standard

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No – unless deemed necestest (PFT) sary by physician

Other required tests Hemoglobin, hematocrit,

ZPP, BUN, serum creatinine,

urinalysis with micro, bloodlead levels, peripheral smear

morphology, red cell

indices1, 5; if requested by

employee, pregnancy testing and fertility testing

(female/male)

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Continued on page 24

23
Employee counseling Yes – by physician; includes

re: exam results, advising the employee of any

conditions of medical condition, occupaincreased risk tional or non-occupational,

requiring further medical

examination or treatment

Medical removal plan Yes

Continued from page 23

24
25

Methylene Chloride

1910.1052(j); 1926.1152*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 4

Periodic exam Yes1, 4

Emergency/exposure Yes4 – see standard for

examination and tests specifics

Termination exam Yes – if no exam within 6

months of termination

Examination includes Lungs, cardiovascular

special emphasis on (including BP and pulse),

these body systems liver, nervous, skin; extent of

exam determined by examiner based on employee’s

health status, work, and

medical history

Work and medical Required for all exams;

history example of work and medical history form provided

in standard, Appendix B

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No – unless deemed

test (PFT) necessary by physician or

other licensed healthcare

professional

Other required tests Laboratory surveillance may

include tests as determined

by examiner including

“before and after shift tests”;

see standard, Appendix B

Evaluation of ability Yes – as specified under the

to wear a respirator Respiratory Protection

standard 1910.134(e)

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – by physician or other

licensed healthcare professional to employer and

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician or other

re: exam results, licensed healthcare profesconditions of sional

increased risk

Medical removal plan Yes
26

Methylenedianiline

1910.1050(m)

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1, 3, 4

Periodic exam Yes – annual

1, 4

Emergency/exposure Yes1, 4

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Skin, hepatic

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical Required for all

history examinations2; includes

past work with MDA and

other specific items; see

standard

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests Liver function tests,

urinalysis

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to

employer; employer to

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan Yes
Noise

1910.95(g); 1926.52†

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Baseline audiograms are

required within 6 months of

exposure at or above 85dB.

Mobile test van exception,

within one year of exposure

at or above 85dB

Periodic exam Annual audiometric testing

required

Emergency/exposure No

examination and tests

Termination exam No requirements

Examination includes No

special emphasis on

these body systems

Work and medical No

history

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests Initial and annual audiometric testing1, 4, 5; see standard

re: specific qualifications for

the test administrator

Evaluation of ability No

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion No

Employee counseling Yes – if standard threshold

re: exam results, shift or suspected ear

conditions of pathology

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

27
Respiratory Protection

1910.134(e); 1926.103*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Evaluation questionnaire or

exam; follow-up exam

when required5

Periodic exam Yes – in specific situations5

Emergency/exposure No

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Yes5 – see standard,

special emphasis on Appendix C

these body systems

Work and medical Yes2 – see standard,

history Appendix C

Chest x-ray As determined by physician

or other licensed healthcare

professional

Pulmonary function As determined by physician

test (PFT) or other licensed healthcare

professional

Other required tests As determined by physician

or other licensed healthcare

professional

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician or other

licensed healthcare professional to employer and

employee

Employee counseling Yes – by physician or other

re: exam results, licensed healthcare

conditions of professional

increased risk

Medical removal plan No

28
Vinyl Chloride

1910.1017(k); 1926.1117*

Standard Requirements

Pre-placement exam Yes1

Periodic exam Yes1

Emergency/exposure Yes

examination and tests

Termination exam No

Examination includes Special attention to detecting

special emphasis on enlargement of the liver,

these body systems spleen or kidneys, or dysfunction of these organs

and abnormalities in skin,

connective tissue and

pulmonary system; see

standard, Appendix A

Work and medical Required for initial and

history periodic exams2; includes

alcohol intake, history of

hepatitis, exposure to hepatotoxic agents, blood transfusions, hospitalizations, and

work history

Chest x-ray No

Pulmonary function No

test (PFT)

Other required tests Blood test for total bilirubin,

alkaline phosphatase, SGOT,

SGPT and gamma glutamyl

transpeptidase

Evaluation of ability Yes

to wear a respirator

Additional tests if Yes

deemed necessary

Written medical opinion Yes – physician to employer;

employer to employee

Employee counseling No

re: exam results,

conditions of

increased risk

Medical removal plan Yes

29
Footnotes

1 Pre-placement and periodic examinations are dependent upon specific factors cited in the standard

such as airborne concentrations of the substance

and/or years of exposure, biological indices, age of

employee, amount of time exposed per year. In addition, some standards require periodic exams to be conducted at varying time intervals. Refer to standard for

complete details.

2 Standard requires medical and work history focused

on special body systems, symptoms, personal habits,

and/or specific family, environmental or occupational

history. Refer to standard for complete details.

3 No examination required if previous examination

done within specified time frame (e.g., 6 months or 12

months) and provisions of standard met. Refer to standard for details.

4 Additional physician review: Some standards have

provisions for referring employees with abnormalities

to a specialist as deemed necessary by examiner.

Other standards have provisions for multiple physician

review. See specific standard for details.

5 Standard requires specific protocol. See standard for

details.

* These Maritime and Construction standards are identical to 29 CFR 1910, General Industry standards.

† 1926.52 requires an effective and continued hearing

conservation program. OSHA has interpreted this to

include audiograms when feasible. See Letter of Interpretation dated August 4, 1992.

30
OSHA Assistance

OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety of programs, including technical assistance

about effective safety and health programs, state

plans, workplace consultations, and training and

education.

Safety and Health Management

System Guidelines

Effective management of worker safety and health

protection is a decisive factor in reducing the extent and severity of work-related injuries and illnesses and their related costs. In fact, an effective

safety and health management system forms the

basis of good worker protection, can save time and

money, increase productivity and reduce employee

injuries, illnesses and related workers’ compensation costs.

To assist employers and workers in developing

effective safety and health management systems,

OSHA published recommended Safety and Health

Program Management Guidelines (54 Federal Register (16): 3904-3916, January 26, 1989). These voluntary guidelines can be applied to all places of

employment covered by OSHA.

The guidelines identify four general elements

critical to the development of a successful safety

and health management system:

■ Management leadership and worker involvement,

■ Worksite analysis,

■ Hazard prevention and control, and

■ Safety and health training.

The guidelines recommend specific actions,

under each of these general elements, to achieve

an effective safety and health management system. The Federal Register notice is available online

at www.osha.gov.

State Programs

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970

(OSH Act) encourages states to develop and operate their own job safety and health plans. OSHA

approves and monitors these plans. Twenty-five

states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands currently

operate approved state plans: 22 cover both private and public (state and local government) em31
ployment; Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, New

York and the Virgin Islands cover the public sector

only. States and territories with their own OSHAapproved occupational safety and health plans

must adopt standards identical to, or at least as effective as, the Federal OSHA standards.

Consultation Services

Consultation assistance is available on request to

employers who want help in establishing and

maintaining a safe and healthful workplace.

Largely funded by OSHA, the service is provided at

no cost to the employer. Primarily developed for

smaller employers with more hazardous operations, the consultation service is delivered by state

governments employing professional safety and

health consultants. Comprehensive assistance includes an appraisal of all mechanical systems,

work practices and occupational safety and health

hazards of the workplace and all aspects of the employer’s present job safety and health program. In

addition, the service offers assistance to employers

in developing and implementing an effective

safety and health program. No penalties are proposed or citations issued for hazards identified by

the consultant. OSHA provides consultation assistance to the employer with the assurance that his

or her name and firm and any information about

the workplace will not be routinely reported to

OSHA enforcement staff. For more information

concerning consultation assistance, see OSHA’s

website at www.osha.gov.

Strategic Partnership Program

OSHA’s Strategic Partnership Program helps encourage, assist and recognize the efforts of partners to eliminate serious workplace hazards and

achieve a high level of worker safety and health.

Most strategic partnerships seek to have a broad

impact by building cooperative relationships with

groups of employers and workers. These partnerships are voluntary relationships between OSHA,

employers, worker representatives, and others

(e.g., trade unions, trade and professional associations, universities, and other government agencies).

For more information on this and other agency

programs, contact your nearest OSHA office, or

visit OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov.

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OSHATraining and Education

OSHA area offices offer a variety of information

services, such as technical advice, publications, audiovisual aids and speakers for special engagements. OSHA’s Training Institute in Arlington

Heights, IL, provides basic and advanced courses

in safety and health for Federal and state compliance officers, state consultants, Federal agency

personnel, and private sector employers, workers

and their representatives.

The OSHA Training Institute also has established OSHA Training Institute Education Centers

to address the increased demand for its courses

from the private sector and from other federal

agencies. These centers are colleges, universities

and nonprofit organizations that have been selected after a competition for participation in the

program.

OSHA also provides funds to nonprofit organizations, through grants, to conduct workplace

training and education in subjects where OSHA

believes there is a lack of workplace training.

Grants are awarded annually.

For more information on grants, training and

education, contact the OSHA Training Institute,

Directorate of Training and Education, 2020 South

Arlington Heights Road, Arlington Heights, IL

60005, (847) 297-4810, or see Training on OSHA’s

website at www.osha.gov. For further information

on any OSHA program, contact your nearest

OSHA regional office listed at the end of this publication.

Information Available Electronically

OSHA has a variety of materials and tools available on its website at www.osha.gov. These include electronic tools, such as Safety and Health

Topics, eTools, Expert Advisors; regulations, directives and publications; videos and other information for employers and workers. OSHA’s software

programs and eTools walk you through challenging safety and health issues and common problems to find the best solutions for your workplace.

OSHA Publications

OSHA has an extensive publications program. For

a listing of free items, visit OSHA’s website at

www.osha.gov or contact the OSHA Publications

Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution

Avenue, NW, N-3101, Washington, DC 20210; telephone (202) 693-1888 or fax to (202) 693-2498.

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Contacting OSHA

To report an emergency, file a complaint, or seek

OSHA advice, assistance, or products, call (800)

321-OSHA or contact your nearest OSHA Regional

or Area office listed at the end of this publication.

The teletypewriter (TTY) number is (877) 889-5627.

Written correspondence can be mailed to the

nearest OSHA Regional or Area Office listed at the

end of this publication or to OSHA’s national office

at: U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety

and Health Administration, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20210.

By visiting OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov,

you can also:

■ File a complaint online,

■ Submit general inquiries about workplace

safety and health electronically, and

■ Find more information about OSHA and occupational safety and health.

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OSHA Regional Offices

Region I

(CT*, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT*)

JFK Federal Building, Room E340

Boston, MA 02203

(617) 565-9860

Region II

(NJ*, NY*, PR*, VI*)

201 Varick Street, Room 670

New York, NY 10014

(212) 337-2378

Region III

(DE, DC, MD*, PA, VA*, WV)

The Curtis Center

170 S. Independence Mall West

Suite 740 West

Philadelphia, PA 19106-3309

(215) 861-4900

Region IV

(AL, FL, GA, KY*, MS, NC*, SC*, TN*)

61 Forsyth Street, SW, Room 6T50

Atlanta, GA 30303

(404) 562-2300

RegionV

(IL*, IN*, MI*, MN*, OH, WI)

230 South Dearborn Street

Room 3244

Chicago, IL 60604

(312) 353-2220

RegionVI

(AR, LA, NM*, OK, TX)

525 Griffin Street, Room 602

Dallas, TX 75202

(972) 850-4145

RegionVII

(IA*, KS, MO, NE)

Two Pershing Square

2300 Main Street, Suite 1010

Kansas City, MO 64108-2416

(816) 283-8745

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RegionVIII

(CO, MT, ND, SD, UT*, WY*)

1999 Broadway, Suite 1690

PO Box 46550

Denver, CO 80202-5716

(720) 264-6550

Region IX

(AZ*, CA*, HI*, NV*, and American Samoa,

Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands)

90 7th Street, Suite 18-100

San Francisco, CA 94103

(415) 625-2547

Region X

(AK*, ID, OR*, WA*)

1111 Third Avenue, Suite 715

Seattle, WA 98101-3212

(206) 553-5930

* These states and territories operate their own OSHAapproved job safety and health programs and cover

state and local government employees as well as private sector employees. The Connecticut, Illinois, New

Jersey, New York and Virgin Islands plans cover public

employees only. States with approved programs must

have standards that are identical to, or at least as effective as, the Federal OSHA standards.

Note: To get contact information for OSHA Area Offices, OSHA-approved State Plans and OSHA Consultation Projects, please visit us online at www.osha.gov or

call us at 1-800-321-OSHA.

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