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Byssinosis (ICD-9 Code 504)Pneumonopathy due to inhalation of other dust (ICD-9 code 504) refers primarily to byssinosis, an airway disease cotton dust, flax, hemp, or sisal dust [Christiani 1991]. Respiratory disease among processors of vegetable fiber frecognized by Ramazzini, the father of occupational medicine, who described dust from retted flax as a major occproblem. The term “byssinosis” has been applied both to the acute, reversible response to cotton dust inhalation anshortness of breath with impaired function that develops after years of exposure [Kilburn 1992]. When diagnosed disease, affected individuals may be diagnosed as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [Christiani 1991].Substantial evidence suggests that inhalation of gram-negative bacterial endotoxin may cause byssinosis [Castellan textile industry, the prevalence of byssinosis has generally been found to be highest among workers employed in thcotton processing (e.g., opening, carding) in mills that process a coarse grade of cotton; generally, these areas are concentrations of dust. In the United States, approximately 500,000 workers are at potential risk, with perhaps hwith potential high exposure [Christiani 1991]. Control of occupational exposures to dust in the cotton textile indurisk of disease substantially in the United States [Merchant 1983]. ReferencesCastellan RM [1997]. Endotoxin as an etiologic agent of byssinosis: evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies involvito cotton dust. In: Fischer JJ, Domelsmith L, eds. Cotton and microorganisms. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture RARS-138, pp. 145-158.Christiani, DC [1991]. Byssinosis. In: Weeks J, Levy BS, Wagner GR eds. Preventing occupational disease and injury.Washington, DHealth Association, pp. 188-194.

Kilburn KH [1992]. Byssinosis and other disease of textile workers. In: Rom WN, ed. Environmental and occupational medicine. 2nd 

Brown and Company, pp. 359-365.Merchant JA [1983]. Byssinosis: progress in prevention. Am J Pub Health 73: 137-139.
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Toxic Inhalation Injury (ICD-9 Code 506)Respiratory conditions due to chemical fumes and vapors (ICD-9 code 506) may include upper airway inflammatireactive airways dysfunction disorder, bronchiolitis, pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema, as well as chronic sequelfibrosis, bronchiolitis obliterans, and emphysema) of chemical inhalation. One study identified occupational expos39 percent of cases admitted to New Jersey hospitals with an ICD code of 506 [Kipen et al. 1991]. Examples of agents associated with these conditions include irritant gasses such as ammonia, chlorine, and oxides gasses such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide; and fumes such as mercury, polytetrafluoroethylene, and cand Carson 1996; Newman 1996; Lee et al. 1997; Sorahan et al. 1995]. Occupations at risk are identified in a wimanufacturing processes [Bates et al. 1992], as well as among farmers [May and Schenker 1996] and miners [LapReferencesBates DV, Gotsch AR, Brooks S, Landrigan PJ, Hankinson JL, Merchant JA [1992]. Prevention of occupational lung disease. Chest 1Delclos GL, Carson AI [1996]. Acute gaseous exposure. In: Harber P, Schenker M, Balmes J, eds. Occupational and environmental Louis, MO: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., pp. 514-534. Kipen HM, Gelperin K, Tepper A, Stanbury M [1991]. Acute occupational respiratory diseases in hospital discharge data. Am J Ind Lee CH, Guo YL, Tsai PJ, et al. [1997]. Fatal acute pulmonary edema after inhalation of fumes from polyetrafluoroethylene. Eur RespLapp NL [1996]. Mining. In: Harber P, Schenker M, Balmes J, eds. Occupational and environmental respiratory disease. St. Louis, MInc., pp 655-664. May JL, Schenker MB [1996]. Agriculture. In: Harber P, Schenker M, Balmes J, eds. Occupational and environmental respiratory dMosby-Year Book, Inc., pp 617-636. Newman L [1996]. Metals. In: Harber P, Schenker M, Balmes J, eds. Occupational and environmental respiratory disease. St. LouisInc., pp 469-513.Sorahan T, Lister A, Gilthorpe MS, Harrington JM [1995]. Mortality of copper cadmium alloy workers with special reference to lung diseases of the respiratory system, 1946-92. Occup Environ Med 52:804-812.
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