DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D. C.

MONTHLY NEWS BULLETIN

of

COMMERCIAL STANDARDS GROUP, BUREAU OF STANDARDS

December 15, 1928 S. F . TILLMAN, Editor No . 45

.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraphs Paragraphs

SIMPLIFIED PRACTICE

Editorial ........ 1 Shop Training Advocated 24

Fire-Hose Couplings 12 The Weak Link of Purchasing 23

Foreign Firms Standardize Rayon 5 Unsettled Problems 22

Group Ethics 10 Where Co-operation Should Start 27

International Standardization . 4 New England Simplification 8 BUILDING AND HOUSING

Profits from Stock Simplification 7 Financing Homes 35

Progress of Simplification Projects 13 Uniform Building Codes 34

Results and Benefits 2 Simplified Invoice League 6 RESEARCH

Statistical Procedure 11 Industry and Agricultural Cooperate 41

Transportation Economies 3 Perils and Profits of Research 37

Urges Standard Envelopes 9 Quality Versus Quantity 36

Research Pays 40

COMMERCIAL STANDARDS Study of Corono Voltmeter 42

Commercial Standards Progress. 14 Tire Wearing Qualities 39

Value of Research 38

SPECIFICATIONS

War Department Favors Work 15 UTILIZATION OF WASTE

Advantages of Knotty Lumber 43

AMERICAN MARINE STANDARDS Cotton By-Products 45

Marine Standards News 16 Manufacture of Wallboard 44

DOMESTIC COMMERCE ELIMINATION OF WASTE

Cooperative Business 28 Economy in Office Supplies 49

Distribution Costs 31 Production Economies 48

Distribution Cost Study 32 Proper Use of Wood 50

Government's Relation to Business 21 Studied Industries 46

Industries Are Aiding 26 "Waste Week" Results in Saving 47

Management Croup Formed 25

Merchants Enter New Era 18 NEW PUBLICATIONS

More Profi ts 20 For Architects and Builders 53

Need Balanced Stock 30 Foreign Language Editions ... 51

New England Manufactures. 29 Of Bureau of Standards 54

Perpetual Piece Control 33 The Department of Commerce 52

Per3onali ty 17

Profits 19 &PPEN£IX 55

ADDRESS INQIRIES TO "COMMERCIAL STANDARDS"

ROOM 316 COMMERCE BUILDING,

WASHINGTON, D C.

"SIMPLIFIED PRACTICE HELPS INCREASE STABILITY OF EMPLOYMENT"
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45-

2 .

1 . EDITORIAL "OUTLOOK FOR 1929'_'

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That Simplified Practice will be applied on an increasing scale by industry and business

in 1S29 is forecast by the increasing number of requests to the Division of Simplified Practice for its cooperation; by the increasing number of inquiries reaching it regarding the

application of Simplified Practice to wholesaling and retailing; and by the increased recognition and support accorded completed simplifications.

Many of the inquiries reflect a good understanding of Simplified Practice, a familiarity

with its adoption and use in manufacturing, and a desire to test its values in the solution

of distributor's problems. There also appears to be a growing recognition among buyers in

general, and purchasing agents in particular, that it pays to specify simplified lines when

buying. Likewise, among jobbers and wholesalers and to a lesser degree among retailers,

there is a trend not only toward stocking lines already simplified , but also toward individual

simplification wherein the distributor is analyzing his turnovers, line by line, and con- densing his stocks to those items in most common demand.

Economies and benefits derived by those participating in the 100 simplifications effected with the aid of the division are becoming well-known, and industries burdened with ex- cessive variety, slow turnover, and increasing costs of stock maintenance are looking into

simplification as a means of relief.

The high nercentage of adherence to, or conformity with, the existing simplifications;

and the fact that the division has 60 others under way, twenty of ?/hicn came to it within

the pa3t few months, also indicates that simplification will be found among the better management plans of a good many firms in 1929.

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2 •

Summaries of statements of results and benefits gained from Simplified Practice by the

acoeptors of twenty different simplified Practic® Recommendations ranging from Paving Bricks

to Carbon Brushes are available in mimeographed form to any manufacturer, wholesaler, retailer or purchaser on request to the Division of Simplified Practice. 316 Commerce Building,

Washington, D. C.

These sunmaries carry first hand statements of money savings and other benefits derived

by aooeptors of the Simplified Practice Recommendations reviewed. Believing that Bulletin

readers will be interested to learn how Simplified Practice is working out, it is our intention to report in each Bulletin beginning with the January 15th, issue and continuing

until further notice, "Results and Benefits" data as furnished by the acceptors of the various Simplified Practice Recommendations.

3 . IlMSPORT^TION^ECONOMIES

The growth of the practice of shipping goods on skid platforms thereby reducing the cost

of handling loading and unloading, has been handicapped by lack of interchangeability in

the necessary equipment The American Society of Mechanical Engineers has estimated that
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—3.

$3,500,000,000, a year represents the direct cost of material handling in this country. Of

this amount $700,000,000 is estimated as the cost of handling loading, and unloading goods

which can be shipped on skids. Total possible savings from the general adoption of national

standards of dimensions as defined June 28, 1928, by a general conference of representative

manufacturers and users held under the auspices of the Division of Simplified Practice of

the United States Department of Commerce, are estimated at from $200,000,000 to $500,000,000

per year. While the principal savings will accrue to shippers, railroads are expected to benefit through faster loading and unloading of cars and heavier car loadings in certain

commodities, and manufacturing plants through easier maintenance of a steady flow of material.

Mimeographed releases on this simplified practice recommendation may be secured upon request

from the Division of Simplified Practice It is interesting to note in connection with this

simplification that six articles dealing with various phases of the skid-handling of interplant shipment were presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Mechanical

Engineers held in New York City this month.

4 . INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATI ON

In a radio talk given on November 17. Dr. Julius Klein. United States Bureau of Foreign

and Domestic Commerce directed attention to the increasing movements toward international

standardization which promises to be an important element in future commercial concord. The

successful matching of colors need no longer be a puzzle almost impossible to solution by

feminine buyers, not to mention the hopelessness of the average male along this line, for, as Dr. Klein pointed out, the Textile Color Card Association now issues a variety of cards

illustrating all the "modish" colors, in the actual materials, designating them not only by name but also by number. And each number indicates exactly the same color, whether in

Saginaw or Singapore.

Progress towards international standardization is more advanced in engineering then in

commodities, as illustrated in the three new international standards recently adopted by the

International Electrochemical Commission: Standards for voltages, specifications for traction motors and dimensions for lamp sockets and bases. "Ball bearings" are now interchangeable internationally, there being 59 bearings which exhibit this world uniformity, international standards for raw cotton have been established; progress is being made in standardization of screw threads and bolt and nut proportions.

5 , FOREIGN FIRMS STANDARDIZE RAYON

According to the October issue of "Le Nord Textile" an international Committee of representative European manufacturers of rayon has been formed for the purpose of standardization

of rayon fabrics. The committee will attempt to obtain the adoption of uniform standards

and the employment of uniform commercial practices in the different branches of the rayon

industry

.

6 . SIMPLIFIED INVOICE LEAGUE

The Pennsylvania Railroad Company has been using the simplified invoice form for some- time past and does not accept invoices on any other form than the simplified one. Their

realization is therefore 100 per cent.

The following resolution received unanimous approval. "Resolved, that the National

Association of Stationers. Office Outfitters and Manufacturers, in annual meeting assembled

hereby approves and endorses the simplified invoice form sponsored by the National Association of Purchasing Agents, under the auspices of the Division of Simplified Practice of the

U. S. Department of Commerce."
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—4.

The Materials Standardization Committee of the Paoific Coast Electrical Association

reports that an effort will be made to have every purchasing agent place a rubber stamp on purchase orders requesting the use of the simplified invoioe form.

The Canadian National Railways signified its preference for the simplified form almost

immediately upon its adoption and. has backed up its enthusiasm with practical work. They

are continually writing their suppliers and have since August 1, sent out 400 direct letters

throughout Canada. They are obtaining satisfying results. In 1925 the organization received

227,508 invoices; in 1926 they received 246,939; and in 1927 they received 250,699 invoices.

It is expected that this year will show another big increase. Approximately 60 per cent of

these are coming in on the simplified form.

The purchasing Agents Association of Tulsa, Oklahoma, heads the list of the Simplified

Invoice League, in number of reports sent in thus far. The tabulated report is appended to this issue of the Bulletin. Our intention is to publish these reports in each issue of the

Commercial Standards Group Monthly News Bulletin. We invite all firms to review their incoming invoices over a period of ten to fifteen days and then inform us as to the number

which conform in all respects to the simplified invoice form. Invoices which only partly

conform to this standard should not be counted.

7 • fROFI TS FR OM ST0 CK_? IMPL IFIC ATI QN

Under this heading the first of a series of articles on "MODERN METHODS IN RETAILING"

by H. R. Doering, Assistant Professor of Business Administration, University of Wisconsin,

appeared in a recent issue of the Wisconsin Retail Bulletin. In it he discusses the advantages of simplification, certain objections that retailers sometimes offer against it, and

various examples of it in both independent and chain stores of different types. Professor

Doering cites a chain of drug stores each of which stooked all of the 22,000 items carred in

the central warehouse. After adopting simplification, the largest variety carried by any

store in this chain was 13,000 items. Stock simplification in this organization resulted in

reducing its inventory, speeding up its stock-turn and decreasing the number of persons em- ployed. He also shows how simplification works out in the shoe field A store which out down its stock of women's shoes from 460 styles to 220 increased its net sales from $550,000

to $595,000. Expenses were reduced from 12.7 per cent of the sales to 9.6 per cent while

net profits were increased from 1.4 per cent of sales to 6.5 per cent.

8 • NEW E NGLAND SIMP L IFICATION

Last month we made a review of the second report la the series on applying research to production entitled, "Standardization and Simplification" by the Research Committee of the

New England Council. This report shows how simplification has been applied to the products

of various New England manufacturers. The report continues:

"A manufacturer of machinery for the production of steel products simplified roll housings from 50 to 24 sizes, pinion houses from 30 to 2. and sections of angle iron from 74 to

11. One firearms company reduced their line from 18 to 8 models; another reduced their line

from 354 to 100. A cotton and woolen manufacturing company which formerly used 160 yarns,

varying in color, material or count, now uses, in one mill, one count of filling and warp,

five different warps, all from the same count of yarn In another mill where four counts of

filling were formerly used, but one is now used with one count of warp A shoe concern which

in 1920 manufactured 2500 styles of shoes now manufactures only 100 styles. A paper manu- facturer has found that hand to mouth buying is reducing the time allowed for delivery of

orders, and making necessary a larger stock on hand for immediate shipment. His line con- sists of 53 grades of paper, approximately 12 colors to each grade, four or five weights and
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—5.

various finishes. To facilitate the keeping of an adequate inventory, he is endeavoring to reduce the number of grades and discourage the demand for special watermarks.

9 • URGES STANDARD ENVELOPES

The Post Office Department has renewed, its campaign to discourage the use of small and

irregular greeting cards and envelopes in the mails. The Department urges the use of

standardized sizes of envelopes, since the postal service is hampered by unusual shapes in

cards and envelopes.

10 • GROUP ETHICS

According to Edgar L. Heermance in "Forbes." group ethics means better business. He says that with no special groups in the business world through which standards of practice

could develop, 19th century competitors looked upon one another as scoundrels and liars^ and

moral anarchy reigned supreme. But at the close of the pioneer era, men in the same line of

trade begain to organize for mutual protection and the promotion of certain common interests.

The trade association originated and became the most important factor in the improvement of

business ethics, advancing better methods and developing a spirit of good sportsmanship.

Wherever there is friction or waste of money or effort . it is likely to be a sign of unadjusted relations. Sometimes the individual business man or corporation can make the necessary adjustment themselves. More often the industry must act as a whole, achieving unanimity

of ethical sentiment, legislation capable of social control, and adequate enforcement.

Ethics is still in the making - but the voluntary regulation of business practice is one of

the striking features of our era."

Simplified Practice is based on voluntary cooperation and exemplifies self-government

in business. (Ed. Note.)

11 • STATISTICAL PROCEDURE

The need for standardization of statistical procedure of trade associations is outlined

in the "Statistical Work of Trade Associations" by Thomas W. Howard. Assistant Manager

Department of Manufacture. Chamber of Commerce of the United States, as published in The

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. Philadelphia. Mr. Howard

states that the American Engineering Standards Committee has requested the American Society

of Mechanical Engineers to sponsor the movement for standardization of statistical procedure.

A study committee has been appointed by this Society and it has enlisted 28 trade organizations in the work. Work among sub-committees of this study committee has begun and tentative definitions have been prepared by the Sub-Committee on Terminology of the following:

Inquiries and projects; new orders; cancellations; net new orders; shipments; transshipments;

stocks; and production.

1 2 FIRE HOSE COUPLINGS

In a previous issue of the Monthly News Bulletin mention was made the great fire in

Baltimore many years ago. At that time the fire-apparatus from Washington. D. C.. went over

to the sister city to aid in the fight. Due to lack of standardized couplings, the two departments could not function as one organization. A little while back Washington had a big

fire and the Baltimore fire companies came to her aid. Due to the progress made in simplification and standardization, the two departments hooked up as one.
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—6.

Now Mechanical Engineering comes forward with a story about the great advantages derived

from the use of nationally standardized fire-fighting euipment. Their observations were

made from the fire at Fall River. Mass., last February. Twenty-nine companies from eighteen

cities, through standardized equipment, were able to handle the situation.

13 . PROGRESS O F SIM PL IFICATION PROJECTS

Photographic Paper . The summary report of the general conference on photographic paper,

which was held in New York on October 23rd, was sent to manufacturers, distributors and

users, for acceptance this month.

Tags. The report of the meeting of the tag manufacturers held in Washington on October 25th,

1928 has been mailed to important user groups for their comment, and suggestions concerning

the tentative set-up of the simplified schedule for shipping tags. A general conference to consider this program will be held in the near future , the time and place to be announced later .

De ntal Hypodermic Needles . Material is being collected in connection with a simplification

program for dental hypodermic needles. The simplified practice committee of manufacturers

has determined that an opportunity for production in variety exists, and with the help of

the Division of Simplified Practice will draft a tentative program for the consideration of

all interests.

'Dent al Lathes. At the request of the Chairman of the Simplified Practice Committee of the

American Dental Trade Association, an inquiry has been sent to manufacturers of grinding

wheels for dental lathes for an expression of their opinion in regard to the opportunity for

simplification of this commodity.

Roofing; Ternes . The standing committee for Simplified Practice Recommendation No, 30, Roofing Ternes, has reaffirmed the existing schedule, without change, for another year. A survey conducted prior to the revision meeting indicated the degree of adherenoe to be 100 per

cent to the program.

Ro tary Cut Lumber . The standing committee for Simplified Praotice Reoommendation No. 59,

Rotary Cut Lumber Stock for Wirebound Boxes, has reaffirmed the existing Schedule without

change, for another year.

Skid P latforms . A sufficient number of signed acceptances having been received from manufacturers. distributors and users of skid platforms, the Division of Simplified Practioe announces that the simplified practioe reoommendation covering this commodity is now in

effect

„

E aves T rough and Conductor Pi pe . The standing committee for Simplified Practice Recommendation No. 29, Eaves Trough and Conductor Pipe, has reaffirmed the existing schedule, without

change, for another year, A survey conducted prior to the revision meeting indicated the

degree of adherence to be approximately 94 per cent.

Packet.. Knives . A general conference of all interests held on November 13, under the auspices

of the Division of Simplified Practice, approved a recommendation on the simplification of

pocket knives. A reduction in variety of from approximately 1200 to 500 was effected.

Ind iana. Ho te l Assoc ia tion . A representative of the Division of Simplified Practice addressed

the annual convention of the Indiana Hotel Association, at Indianapolis on December 1. He

outliaed what had been accomplished in other industries through the application of simplified
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45=-7.

practice and urged the members to make this movement part of their program for the coming

year.

Steel Bathroom Me d icine Chests . A survey of sizes of steel bathroom medicine chests manufactured has been completed and it is intended to submit results of this survey to the com- mittee of manufacturers appointed on November 1.

Gl as s Contai ne rs for Prese rves , Je ll ies, and Apple But ter. Acceptances of the Simplified

Practice Recommendation for preserve jars and jelly glasses are being returned at a very

satisfactory rate. It would appear from the acceptances already received that this recom- mendation covering glass container sizes based on the avoirdupois weight of the food content

will have the support of a large majority of manufacturers, distributors and users.

Beverage Bot tle s. The joint simplified practice committee authorized at the preliminary

conference held on August 11, 1928, is now preparing a survey questionnaire to ascertain the

percentage of production on the various types of beverage bottles used. From the data obtained the committee will draft a tentative recommendation for the consideration of the industry, covering heights, diameters and weight of glass for beverage bottles.

Glass Containers for Drug and Pharmaceutical Indus tr ies , The first meeting of the joint

Simplified Practice Committee was held at the Department of Commerce on December 13, at which

time a permanent chairman was selected and the scope of the activities of the committee was discussed

Hospital Plumbing Fix t ure s. A preliminary conference of the members of the Simplified Practice Committee on hospital plumbing fixtures will be held at the Department of Commerce on Monday, December 17, 1928, at which time the tentative recommendation covering types and

dimensions will be discussed before submitting the recommendation to the hospital authorities

for review and comment

Cooperage . In connection with the recent semi-annual convention of the Associated Cooperage

Industries of America, a tentative list of sizes was worked out by the Committee on Standardization of Tight Cooperage, which is to be submitted to the members of the Association for

approval or criticism. Sizes of tight kegs and barrels recommended for adoption were 5, 10,

15, 30, 45, 50, 57 gallons respectively, sizes 20 and 25 gallons being eliminated. Specifications also were prepared covering length and thickness of heading and diameter of bilge.

The final tentative recommendations which have been worked out in the light of suggestions

received, will be used as a basis for a general conference to be held next Spring under the

auspices of the Division of Simplified Practice.

COMMERCIAL STANDARDS

I. J Fairchil d

.

14 . COMMERCIAL STANDARDS PROGRESS

A Simplified line made according to a commercial standard for grade and quality, certified and labeled accordingly, backed by national advertising, represents a maximum of practicable protection to the consumer and a reliable source of profit and good will to the

manufacturer and distributor.

Clinical The rmometers. The printed pamphlet entitled "Clinical Thermometers" Commercial

Standard CS1-28, was released for distribution on November 22. Copies of this pamphlet are available on request to those who may be interested. This illustrates how one industry is
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—8.

cooperating to safeguard the public by setting up rigid standards as a basis for daily trade

and by certifying that each individual thermometer will meet all the requirements and tests

of this commercial standard. The industry hopes by this means to set up a single rigid

specification which can be accepted by all states and municipalities which now issue regulations regarding the sale of clinical thermometers, and, if possible to remove the necessity

for any further spread of State regulations designed to control the sale of this important

instrument. It is also expected that the marketing of clinical thermometers accompanied by

certificates guaranteeing conformity to the commercial standard, will enable the consumer

to purchase with considerably greater confidence and assurance, and will remove the necessity for laboratory tests to check up on small deliveries.

Surgical Gauze . The general conference on Surgical Gauze held at the Drug and Chemical Club,

New York, November 16, 1928, unanimously endorsed the Proposed Commercial Standard with a few more or less Minor Modifications. Copies of the recommended Commercial Standard have been

distributed for written acceptance . The standard sets up a minimum number of yards per pound

for each of the various constructions, or in other words, minimum weight of cotton per yard

and sets rigid limitations on amount of loading permitted, absorptive qualities, etc.

Template Hardware . As a result of several years of cooperative effort, more or less complete

standards for template butts and cylinder locks for application to hollow metal doors, have

been adopted by manufacturers of builders hardware and the producers of hollow metal doors.

A joint conference representing the two groups held on November 15, voted to establish these

recommendations as a Commercial Standard. It is believed the standard will materially reduce

delays incident to deliveries of hollow metal doors and builders hardware on new building

contracts

.

Bra ss Pipe Nipple s. A general conference is planned for 10:00 A.M.. Friday. December 14, at the William Penn Hotel, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to consider the establishment of a com- mercial Standard for Brass Pipe Nipples. All those interested in the production, distribution or consumption of this commodity have been invited to attend.

Furnace and Fuel' Oils . Agreeable to a recent request from the American Oil Burner Association, Inc., arrangements are being made for a general conference early in January, to con- sider the establishment of a Commercial Standard for three grades of furnace oils and three

grades of fuel oils for use in domestic and industrial oil burning equipment. The principal

purpose of this standard is to enable the consumer to obtain the proper grade of oil for

which his oil burning equipment is designed, and to encourage the sale of these oils on the

basis of flash point, viscosity, distillation range and other valuable criteria rather than

the gravity basis commonly used and now conceded to be more or less irrelevant.

Regain in Mercerized Cotton Yarns . Pursuant to a recent request from the National Associattion of Hosiery and Underwear Manufacturers, arrangements are being made for a general conference at 10:00 A.M., Tuesday, January 15, 1929, in Room 704, Commerce Building, Washington,

D. C. , to consider the establishment of a Commercial Standard for Moisture Content and Regain

of Mercerized Cotton Yarns. The central purpose of this standard is to set up a uniform

moisture content and regain as a basis for marketing mercerized yarns, to avoid controversies

over weights of this commodity between buyer and seller.

Scottish Firm Distributes Commercial Standards . J. and R. Howie, Limited, of Hurlford, Kilmarnock, Scotland, indicate their interest in the Commercial Standard for Porcelain Plumbing

Fixtures, by requesting fifty copies for distribution among members of the industry in Great

Britain Quoting their letter of October 26. "The Movement which you are organizing for the

manufacturers of the United States would be of so great an advantage to the industry here if

studied and adopted that we should like to place a copy of your proposal in the hands of

every interested manufacturer in this country."
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—9.

Steel_a.nj_Wrough t_Iro^_Pipe. N i ppl es . Announcements have been issued to the industry that

the Recommended Commercial Standards for Steel Pipe Nipples and Genuine Wrought Iron Pipe

Nipples have been accepted by a sufficient number to warrant their publication by the Department of Commerce.

SPECI FICATIONS

A. S. McAllister

1 5 . WAR DEPARTMENT FAVORS WORK

Honorable Charles B. Robbins, the Assistant Secretary of War. in his annual report

addressed to the Secretary of War, praises the work carried on by the Division of Specifications in the promulgation of the "willing-to-certify" lists. In his report. Colonel Robbins stated that his office has been cooperating with the Bureau in his plan. The list of

"willing-to-certify" manufacturers, are those who are willing to certify that their products

comply with the requirements of the developed specification

In another section of his report. Colonel Robbins said, "the various branches of the

War Department are progressing in the preparation of specifications for supplies Obviously

specifications unsupported by an adequate inspection system can not assure us of obtaining

the most suitable article for our purpose. Inadequate inspection permits the substitution

of inferior articles by unscrupulous bidders, particularly when our purchases are largely

made from the lowest bidder. The bidder who intends to furnish material conforming to the

specifications may be placed at a decided disadvantage."

AMERICAN MARINE STANDARDS

A. V. Bouillon

16 . MARINE STANDARDS NEWS

The Executive Board met last month and transacted the following principal items of

business; it decided to increase each of the three existing technical committees by the

addition of two Pacific Coast members. It approved for promulgation as a marine standard

the final report of the Special Committee on "Stability and Loading." It approved for com- munication to the International Standardization Bureau certain recommendations regarding proposed international standards for "Glass for Scuttles and Lights" and for "Bollards " It approved for a study and possible development a proposition to standardize a uniform for

officers of the merchant marine. It approved for promulgation standards for the following:

Medical Equipment for ships and small vessels, comprising medicine chests and lists of

medical and surgical supplies and equipment for three classes of vessels. Deck scupper and

deck drains. Specifications for built-up propellers templates for propeller blade flanges

and for solid propellers. It authorized steps to be taken toward organization of a Technical

Committee on "Port Facilities " It received a report from Capitain R. D. Gatewood ViceChairman on "Furthering the Adoption and Use of American Marine Standards."

The Nominating Committee has proposed twenty-seven candidates for election to the

Executive Board for the year 1929 This election takes place during the month of December

All of the members of the present Board have been renominated.

During November the following printed publications of the American Marine Standards

Committee series were distributed: .AMSC /4-Rigging Screws. AM5C 35-Insulation of piping and

maehinery on ships - Specification; AMSC-36-Magnesia Molded Pipe covering and blocks -
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—10,

Specification; AMSC-37-Magnesia Asbestos plaster - Specification; AMSC-33 Asbestos Millboard - Specification; AMSC-39 Hair felt for insulation - Specification; AMSC-40 , Cotton duck for

insulation coverings ~ Specification; AMSC-41 . Metallic Packing for condenser tubes - Specification; AMSC-42 , Hubs for built up propellers with flush facings and fairwater caps for same; AMSC-43. Rubber air hose - Specification; AMSC-44 , Rubber steam hose specification;

AMSC-45 . 1 - 1/2 inch water hose, rubber covered - Specification; AMSC-46 . 2-1/2 inch water

suction hose, smooth bore - Specification; AMSC-47 . Oil suction and discharge hose, rubber

covered - Specification: ASMC-48, scupper valve3 -- Sizes 3. 4, 5 and 6 inches; ASMC-49

,

Boom steps for 5, 10, 15, 20. and 30 ton booms.

DOMESTIC COMMERCE

17 . PERSONALITY

Personality counts in business, according to Joseph Tausek. In a recent article in

Nation's Business, he said that it is a paradox of the times that, in this age of iron and

steel of mechanical perfection and of unprecedented economic development, industry for the

first time is turning to personality as one of the prerequisites among its rank and file.

It is awakening to a realization of the fact that there is no more place in the present

scheme of things for the man of anaemic personality than there is for the tallow candle in

this age of electric light. Contrary to popular opinion, a forceful personality does not lie

in a contagious smile or a hearty slap on the back, but rather is it human character developed to the ninth degree. It is efficient self-organization, the balancing of all the parts

which go to make up the human machine and their co-ordination The mainspring of this

machine is character, the parts which motivate it varying in each case with the individual

concerned. And the sum of all of them is personality.

18 MERCHANTS ENTER NEW.. ERA

Because the resourcefulness and freedom of action of the individual goes far toward

offsetting the advantatges of large scale operation of more complicated organizations, the

independent merchant has a secure position in the present development of business, says

a writer in Hardware Age. in discussing "Independent Merchants Entering New Era." Continuing,

this wrter says:

"However, in this era of changing business methods, the merchant who refuses to consider

the new order of things must give ground to his more efficient competitor. Among the problems of greatest interest to the independent merchant are those dealing with retail distribution and marketing. The old order of wholesaler, jobber, and retailer, has developed into

a confusing system which complicates the problem of efficient business administration and

gives rise to a certain amount of distrust amount the consumJ ng public . The indapenden t busi- ness man with reasonable capital, willing to utilize new methods and take advantage . f new condit on®, has a greater opportunity today than ever before."

19 • PROFITS

Profits are a by-product of service. acco~ding to William A. McGarry. In a recent numbei of Forbes, Mr, McGarry has the following to say on this all important subject. "Attempting to describe the phenomenon of American prosperity in terms of the mistaken econoaics of

the past, we can trace the cause to our reversal of the old policy under which one nan's

profit was another man's loss, the formula of limited use. Back of our new formula of universal. use is the discovery that value lies not in material things, nor in the eaergy ex- pended to attain a given end, but in th® contribution made by each, whether it b© a gold

coin, a ®otor oar, or a skyscraper, is merely the symbol of wealth, It is without value the
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—11.

moment people cease to find it useful. That nation is richest, therefore., which can produce

the largest variety of useful things and put them within the reach of the greatest proportion

of its population. A business which bases its policies on this simple definition of value

does not have to worry about its profits, for they are an inevitable by-product of service.

20 . M0RE_PR0FITS

In discussing "More Profits for the Retailers and the Public," before the Retailers

Luncheon, of the Illinois Chamber of Commerce, Chicago, Mr. Edward A. Filene, President of

William Filene 's Sons Company, said, "America has passed through and out of the pioneer stage

of business organization into a new era, the second Industrial Revolution, and business men

are learning that to survive they must not only produce and distribute goods, but also help

to produce and distribute the purchasing power with which the consumer can purchase these

goods. Business can not get profits except from the consuming public. Therefore, the con- suming public must be prosperous. The common sense way for retailers to increase profits is

to organize in powerful associations. By this plan the independents should be able to beat

out the big chains as they would have all the advantages of the chains with the additional

advantage of an interested owner ship-management. By good merchandising we can contribute

to prosperity, and prosperity in turn will do away with the class feeling and jealousy which

lead to irresponsible radicalism and dangerous discontent."

21 . GONVERMENT’S RELATION TO BUSINESS

In a speech before the American National Retail Jewelers' Association convention at Dallas, Texas, October 3, Mr. H. C. Dunn of the Department of Commerce, pointed out the importance to business of knowledge of facts whereby waste and misdirected effort may be

avoided. The Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce concerns itself with the promotion of American commercial interests . It serves as an unbiased clearing house of commercial information such

as can be obtained in the Department, in other branches of the Government, or through reports

from nongovernmental sources. Inquiries and requests for information on invididual business

problems receive the benefit of existing research data, trade reports of the practice and

experience in practically every phase of commerce, and the personal knowledge of the Bureau's

specialists, which is constantly added to by research and field work by the Bureau's staff,

in such fields as analysis of distribution costs, wholesale and retail, consumer demand,

credit conditions, and industrial traffic management.

22 . UNSETTLED PROB LEMS

What are the four big unsettled problems of installment selling? Edwin R. A. Seligman

Professor of Political Economy of Columbia University, discusses the subject in the Magazine

of Business in the following vein of thought.

"Only as a modern business world acts in conformity with well-tested economic principles

will it find the answer to the four great installment questions facing it today. The solution of the first problem, the effects of the system on business economy in the event of an industrial crisis, is largely problematical, as we have no experiences to guide us. The

second question, namely, how to eliminate the abuses which are still rampant in installment

selling, is finding its answer in the education of the consumer. The third question, which

asks to what new lines installment selling is applicable, finds its answer in the character

of the consumer and the nature of the commodity. The fourth, and by far the most significant

problem, is that of the influence of the system upon the consumer himself
Monthly Nev/s Bulletin No. 45—-12.

"Only the business leader who is able to visualize the characteristics of the article

in which he is dealing, and the particular kind of consumer to whom he is making an appeal,

will be able to decide whether this new form of credit will encourage thrift or discourage

effort. The future of our newly evolved system rests with the vision and the intelligence

of the great captains of industry."

23 . THE WEAK LINK OF PURCHASING .

"Continued development of purchasing is bound to emphasize the importance of testing as

a corollary of purchase specifications" states an editorial in the Purchasing Agent "Adequate

specifications indicate that the buyer knows what he wants. Adequate inspection insures that

he will get what he wants. These are companion principles of purchasing, and a purchasing

department not equipped for both essentials has a weak point in its organization.

"Because that weakness characterizes many industries today, the purchasing agent who

seeks to increase the efficiency of his department is likely to find the greatest opportunities in the field of inspection."

24 . SHO P TRAINING ADVO CATED

Cooperative part time education in which industry and the schools work together for a specific training objective is advocated by the Federal Board for Vocational Training as a desirable method of training apprentices in the skilled trades. It is claimed that by this

method a boy can get his training in industry while gaining more technical and related information than he would under the old apprenticeship.

25. MANAGEMENT GR OUP FORMED

The organization of an international management research group of department stores is

reported in the "Daily News Record" for October 17. Several American Stores have been invited to join the new organization. The first move of the group has been the pooling of information relating to expenses incurred in running accounts, and how these and other current

liabilities in a department store can be kept down to a minimum is now being investigated by

the group members.

26 . I NDUSTRI ES ARE AIDING

A committee of civilian specialists is cooperating with the War Department in the development of types of ammunition and the solution of the problems of industrial preparedness

for war emergency, according to the annual report of Major General C. C 7/illiams, Chief of

the Army Ordnance Department.

27 . WHERE CO-OPERATI O N SHOULD START

In his article, "Where Co-Operation Should Start," which appeared in Hardware Age,

L. S. Soule, says that "the solving of the new competition problems hinges on active thoughtful, practical co-operation, a co-operation, moreover, which not only includes the manufacturer, jobber and retailer, but is broad enough to take in the traveling salesman and

the man behind the counter, be he salesman or clerk. In addition, real cooperation demands

that the cards be placed face up on the table, that confidences be exchanged, that there is

created a mutual desire to work together. One of the first logical steps in any attempt to profitable meet competition is the dissemination of real facts, merchandising facts, among

the men in the organization. Six months of properly conducted store meetings, leading to the

development of real co-operation within the store would do more to build up profits and
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—13.

prestige than any number of special sales or cut prices. Co-operation is a great thing, but

like charity, it should begin at home."

28 . COOPERATIVE BUSINESS

The Department of Agriculture reports business to the amount of §2,300,000,000 done in

the 1327 market season by 11,400 farmers' cooperative associations with a membership of about

3.000.000 including shareholders, shippers, consigners and patrons While the future is

less by §100,000,000 than the total business of the 10.303 associations with less than

2,700,000 members listed in 1925. the lower price level in 1927 more than accounts for the

difference

.

Grain marketing associations led in volume of business and number of methods followed

by dairy products, livestock, fruit and vegetables, and cotton marketing associations. Next

in volume of business come poultry and egg., nut, tobacco, and wool marketing assooiations

.

Nearly §200,000,000 worth of business was done by associations soiling miscellaneous products

and buying farm supplies. Since 1915 the associations handling dairy products and shipping

livestock have increased enormously, while those handling grain and. fruits and vegetables

have gained about one hundred per cent and fifty per cent respectively The West North

Central States led in cooperative activity as they did in 1915 and 1925. California asso- ciations reported a larger amount of business than those of any other state, but Minnesota,

Iowa, and Illinois, led in number of members of cooperative associations

.

29 . NEW ENGLAND MANUFACTURE?

A comprehensive statistical survey of New England manufactures is contained in "New

England Manufactures in. the Nation's Commerce," Trade Information Bulletin No. 582, recently

issued by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Department of Commerce. Comparisons

of New England wages, production, contributions of individual industries to the nation's

total, pre-war period and post-war period manufacturing activity and statistics arranged

according to states, counties, and. cities are succinctly set forth. The diversity and broad

range are also illustrated. Of its lines of manufacture 217 were of sufficient size to be

included in the census tabulations for 1925, these comprising nearly two thirds of the 348

separate classifications for the whole United States.

30 . NEED BALANCED STOCK

The disadvantage of placing too much emphasis on stock cutting in order to get increased

turnover without reference to the record of individual items is pointed out in the Bureau's

recently issued pamphlet. "Retail Profits Through Stock Control," the third of its Distribution Cost Studies. Not only do increased operating costs result from items reported "short"

with added costs due to telegrams, parcelpost and express charges, which often wipe out the

entire profit on a particular transaction, but prestige and good will are lost by inability

to fill orders for staple merchandise on short notice Not only the retailer suffers, but

the manufacturer by receiving j.n unwarranted number of sma] 1 and unprofitable orders The

installation of an itemized stock control system resulted in one case in a decrease within

three years of 50 per cent in the number of "shorts" reported.

31 • DISTRIBUTION COSTS

"Distribution costs in New Zealand ai)d elsewhere have outgrown their economic justification, and new methods developing from competitive pressure are arising to meet the altered

requirements of the times." states the 11th Annual Report of' the Department of Industries and

Cemmerce, 1928. "As chain stores and department stores become an increasing feature in the
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—16.

his present system he can not secure an adequate return for his commodity, it behooves him

to call to his aid the engineers, and the men of science, who are, in a measure, responsible

for his sad condition. The coal mine owner is the keyman in the industrial fabric. If by

some turn of fate all the coal mines of the world should be shut down, our civilization would

tumble about our ears. Life itself would be well-nigh impossible, and yet the coal producer

is the creature of economic accidents which he can control only in a small degree."

38 . VALUE OF RESEARCH

The Division of Engineering and Industrial Research of the National Research Council

recently conducted a survey in which 797 of the 800 replies received from manufacturers indicate their belief that research pays. In addition to research by Government bureaus, educational institutions, trade associations, and special groups in an industry cooperating on

a definite research job, 68 per cent of these manufacturers maintain private laboratories.

Over one-third of these are working to improve the quality of products and service to customers, on the assumption that reduced production costs will follow, 25 per cent of them

toward the development of new fields of application; and 15 per cent to discover by-products

and new materials.

According to the report of this survey in "Factory and Industrial Management" returns

from leading manufacturers indicate that, excluding the automobile industry, on which figures

are incomplete, the highest average annual research expenditures are £105, 000, in the chemical

and allied products industry, followed by £100, 000 in the rubber and rubber products industry.

The average research expenditures in percentage of capital invested are 2 4 for the chemicals

ana allied products industry, with metal working plants holding second place with 2.1. Research

expenditures by metal working plants showed an increase of 200 per cent for 1927 over 192S, while

a 100 per cent increase was reported for the paper and pulp, rubber and rubber products and

textile industries.

39 • TIRE WEARING. QUALITIES

The results of research on the wear, particularly non-uniform wear, of tires are presented in Research Paper Mo. 2, recently released by the Bureau of Standards. The results

indicate that the center of a tire slips in one way and the outer edges in another, and that

the wear is definitely influenced by the tire design. Further study of tire treads by this means is expected to yield valuable information as to how wear can be reduced.

40. RESEARCH PAYS

In a recent issue of Manufacturing Industries, L. P. Alford, Editor of that publication,

says that £50 , 000 , 000 spent by American Manufacturers each year in industrial research is

producing discoveries estimated to be worth one-half billion dollars. This ten to one (10-

to-1) return shows the practical utility of organized study and experiment.

41 . INDUSTRY AND AGRICULTURE COOPERATE

In discussing "Industry and Agriculture in Real Cooperation" in American Industries

John C. Gall, Assistant to the General Counsel of the National Association of Manufacturers

makes the following observation;

Realizing that mass production and distribution are essential to the satisfaction of the

material needs of a market such as ours, and that mass production is possible only when the

purchasing power of the consumer is adequate, American manufacturers are vitally interested

in a prosperous agricultural population . We have long known that there is no single straight
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—17.

and narrow road to prosperity, profits come as inevitably from reducing costs of production

as from increasing the price of the product. The research laboratory has been the constant

ally of the industrial producer. Through application of the same methods to agricultural

production, enormous benefits will accruce both to the agricultural community and the balance

of the consuming public. Cooperative industrial agricultural ventures are being initiated

and ought to result in better returns to agricultural and better customers for industry."

42

.

STUDY OF CORONA VOLTMETER

A thorough study of the corona voltmeter, used for measuring very high voltages, is

described in a new researoh paper of the Bureau of Standards.

UTILIZATION OF WASTE

43 . ADVANTAGES O F KNOTTY LUMBER

Experiments at the United States Forest Products Laboratory prove that knotty lumber

will make a box with short, thick sides more resistant to rough handling than clear lumber

provided the boards have a slenderness ratio - length divided by thickness - less than 60.

The laboratory's tests developed that clear boards are not flexible enough when subjected to rough handling to absorb the shocks produced by the box contents and relieve the direct pull

on the nails. It is recommended that the size of any one knot in a board used for this purpose should not exceed one-third the width of the board, and that the aggregate diameter of

all knots within a length equal to the width of a board should not exceed the diameter of the

largest knot allowable. Other advantages from the use of knotty lumber in boxes are its

lower cost as compared to clear lumber and the fact that its use provides an outlet for low

grade lumber, thus resulting in more complete wood utilization.

44 . MANUFACTURE OF WALLBOARD

The "Iowa Homestead" for October 11. states that a factory at Dubuque is reported

equipped for the manufacture of wall board from cornstalks, and is expected to begin operations on a considerable scale this fall. A paper mill at Danville, Illinois, is reported to

be ready to manufacture paper from cornstalks the practicability of which is claimed to have

been demonstrated by the Chemical Engineering Department of Iowa State College.

45 . COTTON BY-PRODUCTS

A saving of $256,027,431 in one year from the diversion of 5,558,243 tons of cottonseed

from the refuse pile into channels of consumption is credited to chemical research. Of the

four primary elements into which seeds today are separated, a crude oil. a cake or meal,

linters, and hulls, only hulls may now be regarded as waste. Chemistry devised means for re- fining the oil. for converting it into fats or tallows, and for separating its various com- ponents and converting each of them into new and useful articles. The improved cotton seed

cake because of its nitrogen content is in great demand as a fertilizer and because of its

high protein content and freedom from fiber is a valuable concentrated cattle feed. Processes have been discovered by which it may be refined and made desirable for human consumption

also. Chemistry also has created a market for linteres, which less than two decades ago

found use only a3 batting and mattress filling. The cellulose, which constitutes about 85

per cent of the composition of linters. is now transformed into such commodities as high

explosives, surgical dressings, and "new skin", artificial leather and sausage casings, roofing and floor coverings, wearing apparel, lacquers, varnishes, photographic films, toilet

articles and billiard balls. Even the hull contains desirable chemical substances, such as furfural, acetic acid, alcohol, tar and other hydrooarbons . as well as potassium and com- pounds of carbon and sodium, but these await the disoovery of economical methods of recovery
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—18

46 . STUDIED INDUSTRIES

The National Institute of Industrial Psychology. London, England, incorporated in 1921

has studied the human side of labor and has put the results of such studies into practice in one hundred industrial organizations. Among the lines of investigation which have yielded

valuable results to both employers and employees are reduction of waste, arrangement of ma- terials and design of implements, layout of plant, and effects of illumination, ventilation,

etc., on efficiency.

47 . " WASTE WEEK" RESULTS IN SAVTNft

"Waste Prevention in Manufacturing Plants." an account of an industrial survey conducted

by the Ahrens Publishing Company, reports the results of a "Waste Week" conducted by a shipbuilding and dry dock company employing 5,300 workers. Suggestions received from employees,

when carefully evaluated, showed potential savings to the company of $250 , 000 a year. Out of

1.482, concrete ideas considered 677 were approved and the employees making them substantially rewarded The 232 suggestions already put into effect represent an annual saving of

$80,455. It is estimated that savings of $6,000,000 to American industry have resulted from

waste prevention programs since the "Waste in Industry" report was published in 1922.

48 . PRODUCTION ECONOMIES

An article in "Management" reports the experience of a speedometer manufacturing company

with automatic conveyor belts in their assembly department. A 50 per cent cut in production

costs is claimed and much floor space has been released by the conveyor belt obviating the use of trucks. Their first conveyor system was installed experimentally but, such worthwhile

savings in time and labor resulted that additional systems have been installed and still

further mechanical handling methods are contemplated,

ELIMINATION OF WASTE

49 . ECONOMY IN OFFICE SUPPLIES

A nationally known insurance company has developed a successful method for economically

controlling the handling of the office supplies required by its large number of employees.

The company is organized in sections, in each of which there is designated a stock clerk

whose responsibility is to assemble the requirements for the individual employees in the

section, compile them and issue a requisition on the central supply bureau which is charged

with the responsibility for originating and specifying the quantities and items to be purchased through the purchasing department. A quarterly statement prepared by this bureau is

furnished to each section head. This statement shows the average cost of supplies per clerk

for both the company as a whole and for the individual sections. The statements are prepared

in terms of total value rather than units of supplies issued. A definite policy of buying

according to standard specifications has been adopted and a continuous effort is made to re- duce the number of items carried in sotck to a minimum. For example, only three kinds of

pencils are carried in stock. Re-packaging small items of supply, suoh as clips and rubber

bands into containers for individual clerks has also been found an effective measure of

economy, as it reduces the tendency to order in large quantities

50 . PROPER USE OF WOOD

The National Committee on Wood Utilization, Department of Commerce, had an exhibit at the Ideal Home Exposition held in Washington, showing the proper use of wood in home con- struction. Recommendations ranged from framing lumber to rayon and from shingles to paints

made from wood chemicals. Recommended features of contruction for economy in cost and
Monthly News Bulletin No 45 19.

materials . and for the more artistic use of wood and forest products in home decoration

were brought out by models, diagrams, photographs, panels and other exhibit materials

The use of end—matched and short—length lumber for strong construction and economic

utilization of ma,terial was stressed and the desirability of grade marked lumber to enable

purchasers to check up on quality. The advantages were emphasized of using Droperly seasoned

lumber in home construction. The use of flooring lumber treated to resist moisture was demonstrated. Material furnished by the Department of Agriculture, showing how wood—boring worms and insects destroy the wood, was exhibited to bring out the economy of using lumber

chemically treated to resist attack of insects and decay.

Methods were shown of insulating houses with materials made from sawdust, wood flour

and other wood waste, to retain heat in winter and keep it out in summer. Possible economies

were pointed out from the use of stained, though strong and useful lumber for interior trim

to be covered with paint or enamel. How to use interior molding trim of wood flour com- position pressed to shape by machinery was also demonstrated.

Rayon and other artificial silks made from material directly derived from wood were shown in hangings and curtains, and artistic and preservative paints made from chemicals ex- tracted from wood were exhibited.

51 . FOREIGN LANGUAGE EDITIONS

NEW PUBLICATIONS

Manufacturers and exporters of metal products will find that the recently revised

Spanish language edition of the Industrial Standards Series of the Bureau of Foreign and

Domestic Commerce offer opportunities for much greater ease in communication with consumers

in Spanish speaking countries. These are Standard Specificiations of the American Society

for Testing Materials as amended in 1927 and 1928, and are extensively used throughout the

United States. The revised standards in this series include Industrial Standards Nos. 10

11, 12. 13, 14, 20. 62 and 63, whioh specify standards for carbon steel bars .for railway

springs, carbon steel and alloy steel forgings; quenched and tempered carbon steel axles,

shafts, and other forgings for locomotives and cars, carbon steel forgings for locomotives;

carbon steel car and tender axles; welded steel pipe; quenched and tempered alloy steel axles

.

shafts and other forgings for locomotives and cars; and lap welded and seamless steel and

lamp welded iron boiler tubes. One new industrial Standard No. 65, zinc coated

(galvanized) sheets, was added to the series. Copies may be secured from the Superintendent

of Documents, Government Printing Office . Washington, D. C., at 5 cents a copy. By a cooperative arrangement with the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, industries desiring it

may have their commercial standards translated into foreign languages such as Spanish, Portugese or French, and printed copies of the translation will be distributed through the Foreign

Trade Representatives of the United States in an effort to extend foreign trade in the commodity. It is believed that such translations of commercial standards will prove of material

benefit in the development of foreign markets particularly since they will enable the foreign buyer to purchase with greater confidence and assurance, or, if desired, he may make the

Commercial Standard a part of the sales contract to insure delivery of satisfactory material.

52 . THE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

A 63 page pamphlet issued November 1 under the above title contains an exposition of the

organization of the Department of Commerce and a brief description of the activities of each

of the bureaus comprising it. A map prepared by the Aeronautical Branch showing the status

of the various airways in the United States as of June 30, 1928. indicates graphically the
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45—20.

progress that has been made in aeronautical transpoi tation . Another map indicates the extent of the contacts made by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerc, showing, as it does,

the location of the numerous field offices, both foreign and domestic , of this Bureau. Photographs illustrative of the activities of other Bureaus, offices and services of th6 Commerce

Department are contained in this pamphlet which clearly sets forth the numerous aad. varied

activities concerned with the promotion of 'the nation's industry and trade which have con- tinuously increased in value to the nation since the establishment of the department by the

organic act of 1903.

53 . FOR ARCHITECTS AND BUILDERS .

A new publication of great value to architects and builders is promised in the forthcoming January issue of the Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. Under the title "Fire

Resistance of Hollow Load-bearing Wall Tile" it reports the results of three extensive series

of fire tests of wall construction of hollow load-bearing tile of representative designs and

clay materials. The scope and purpose of these tests make the paper one which every architect and builder should possess. Copies are expected to be off press early in January. The

paper contains 334 pages and 187 illustrations - which indicates the extraordinary scope of

the publication. The Journal of Research is issued monthly at 25 cents the copy or $2.75

for the year’? subscription. Copies should be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents.

Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.

54. NEW PUBL ICATIONS O F BUREAU OF STANDARDS . Additions to Supplementary Lists of Publications of the Bureau of Standards. (Beginning July 1. 1928).

Bureau of Standards Journal of Research. August 1928, Vol . 1. No. 2, RP Nos. 6 to

10 inclusive. Price 25 cents. Foreign 31 cents. RP1 . Accelerated tests of

organic protective coatings; P. H. Walker and E. F. Hickson. Price 5 cents. RP2

.

Measurement of the Tread Movement of pneumatic tires and a discussion of the probable relation to tread wear; W. L. Holt and C M. Cooke. Price 5 cents. RP7

.

Absolute methods in reflectometry ; H. J. McNicholas . Price 10 cents. RP4. Interferometer measurements of wave lengths in the vacuum arc spectra of titanium

and other elements; C. C. Kiess . Price 6 cents. RP5 Anaylsis of bauxite and of

refractories of high alumina content; G. E. F. Lundell and J. I. Hoffman. Price

5 cents . RP6 . Some measurements of the transmission of ultra violet radiation through

various kinds of fabrios; W. W. Coblentz . R. Stair, and C. W. Schoffstall . Price

5 cents. RP7 . Tinting strength of pigments; H. D. Bruce. Price 10 cents. RP8

.

Wave length measurements in the arc and spark spectra of hafnium; W. F. Meggers.

Price 15 cents. RP9 . Tests of the effect of brackets in reinforced concrete rigid

frames;?. E. Rickart Price 25 cents. RP10. Accelerated laboratory corrosion test

methods for zinc coated steel; E. C. Groesbeck and W. A. Tucker. Price 35 cents.

Bureau of Standa rds Journal o f Research. Vol. .1. No. 5, November 1928. (RP Nos.^24

+.0 31. Inclusive.) Price 25 cents. Foreign. 31 Cents. RP24. Mutual inductance

and torgue between two concentric solenoids; Chester Snow. Price 5 cents. RP25

.

A study of the hydrogen-antimony-t.i n method for the determination of oxygen in oast

irons; Bengt K.jerrman and Louis Jordan. Price 5 cents. RP26 . Note on the effect

of repeated stresses on the magnetic properties of steel; M. F. Fischer. Price 5 cents. RP27 . Effect of twist on cotton yarns; A. A. Mercier and C. W. Schoffstall.

Price. 5 cents. RP28 . Design of tuned reed course indicators for aircraft radiobeacon; F, W. Dunmore. Price 5 cents. RP29. Thermal expansion of magnesium and

some of its alloys; Peter Hidnert and W. T. Sweeney. Price 10 cents. RP30

.

Equipment for routine spectral transmission and reflection measurements; H. J. McNicholas. Price 20 cents. RP31 . Effect #f temperature change on the color of

red and yellow lovibond glasses; Deane B. Judd. Price 5 cents.
Monthly News Bulletin No. 45-—-21.

Sifflp UIied_PracUc e Reco mmendations . R84-28 Composition books. Pries 5 cents.

SPR3-28 (2nd Ed.) Metal lath. Price 5 cents. SPR4-28 (2nd Ed.) Roofing slate.

Price 5 cents. SPR20-28 (2nd Ed.) Steel Barrels and drums. Price 5 cents. SPR37—

28 (2nd Ed.) Commercial forms, (Invoice, inquiry, and purchase order.) Price 5 cents. SPR43-29 (1st rev.) Faint and varnish brushes. Price 5 cents. SPR51-29

(2nd Ed.) Die head chasers (for self opening and adjustable die heads) Price 5 cents. SPR80-28 Folding and Portable wooden chairs. Price 5 cents. SPR86-28

Surgical gauze. Price 5 cents.

Commercial Standards. C81-26 Clinical Thermometer. Price 5 cents.

Bu ilding and Ho using. BH12 Present Home Financing Methods. (Preliminary edition)

Frice 5 cents. BH11 . Standard City Planning Enabling Act. Price 15 cents.

Misc e llaneous Public a tions . M88 Annual report of director of the Bureau of Standards for fiscal year ended June 30, 1928. Price 5 cents.

55 . APPENDIX

S implified I n voice Le agu e Company

Pennsylvania Railroad Company,

Humble Oil and Refining Co. Grand Rapids, R. R. Company,

Westinghouse Electric & Mfgr. Co. Mid-Continent Petroleum Corp.

Buick Motor Company

Barber Greene Company,

American Beet Sugar Company

Philadelphia Rapid Transit Co. West Penn Power Company

Tidal Companies,

Monongahela West Penn Public Service Co. Virginia Electric & Fower Company

Dodge Electric Company.

Capital Traction Company,

Yale and Towne Mfg. Company

Lone Star Gas Company,

Public Service Coordinated Transport,

Star Machinery Company

Indianapolis Street Ry . Company

Refinery Supply Company

Potomac Edison Company

Oklahoma Railway Company

The Chandler Company

Cincinnati Street Ry . Company

Barnsdall Oil Company,

Philadelphia Company

Kewanee Oil and Gas Company

University of Colorado

H. F. Wilcox Oil & Gas Company

Period Invoices

Checked

On Simplified ForaPer Cent

Adherence

Regularly 100.00

1 week 2414 2159 89.53 — 65 .00 — — 60 . 00*

1 week 548 — 45.00

15 days — — 34.00

13 days 545 165 30.28 — — — 30 . 00* — — — 30.00*

15 days 446 131 29.37

10 days — — 27 .76 10 day3 1464 281 19 19

15 days 1111 212 19 .08

2 weeks — — 17 .75 15 days 165 29 17 .58 — — — 16.00

1 week 530 83 15.66

17 days 1774 277 15 .61

1 month 187 29 15.50

20 days — — 15.00

6 days 96 14 14.59 — 2000 289 14.45 — — — 13.00

10 days 40 4 10 .00 10 days 761 74 9.72

12 days — — f .<SU — — — 5 .00*

1 month 485 — 3 33

1 month — — 2 90 ——

393 — 1.10

pproximate