U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

STUDENT STUDENT STUDENT

PILOT GUIDE PILOT GUIDE PILOT GUIDE

FAA-H-8083-27A
STUDENT PILOT GUIDE

2006

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION

Flight Standards Service
FOREWORD

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) invites you to join the general

aviation community of pilots. It is a community of civil aviation operations other

than those air carriers holding a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity.

General aviation makes up approximately 96 percent of U.S. aircraft and 60 percent

of U.S. flight hours flown. General aviation is often misunderstood as only small,

propeller-driven aircraft. A large jet or cargo plane operated under Title 14 of the

Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91 can be a general aviation aircraft.

This publication is intended to serve as a guide for prospective student pilots

and for those already engaged in flight training. This guide presents in “how to”

fashion, general procedures for obtaining FAA student pilot, sport pilot, recreational

pilot, and private pilot certificates.

There are many references to FAA Flight Standards District Offices (FSDOs)

and through the FSDOs, contact is maintained between the FAA and the general

aviation public. The FAA inspectors at your local FSDO are professionally trained

and are prepared to advise and assist you toward reaching your goal as a pilot.

FAA-H-8083-27A supersedes FAA-H-8083-27, Student Pilot Guide, dated

1999.

This handbook may be purchased from the Superintendent of documents, U.S.

Government Printing Office (GPO), Washington DC 20402-9325, or from GPO’s

web site.

http://bookstore.gpo.gov

This handbook is also available for download, in pdf format, from the Regulatory

Support Division’s web site.

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600

This handbook is published by the U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal

Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box

25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125-0082.

Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in e-mail form, to

AFS630comments@faa.gov.

We urge you to visit your local FSDO and feel free to ask for advice on any

matters relating to general aviation.

Welcome to aviation.

/s/ 3/8/2006

__________________________

Joseph K. Tintera, Manager,

Regulatory Support Division

Flight Standards Service

iii
CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Role of the FAA ................................................................................ 1

Flight Standards District Offices (FSDOs) ....................................... 1

Most Frequently Asked Questions .................................................... 1

Choosing a Flight School .................................................................. 2

The Role of the Instructor ................................................................. 3

What Flight Training Requires.......................................................... 3

Instructor and Student Relationship .................................................. 4

Medical Requirements ...................................................................... 4

Knowledge Tests ............................................................................... 5

Preparing to Study for the Knowledge Test ...................................... 5

Study Materials.................................................................................. 6

Suggested Study Materials ................................................................ 6

How to Obtain Study Materials......................................................... 6

How to Study for the Knowledge Test .............................................. 7

Study Habits ...................................................................................... 8

When to Take the Knowledge Test ................................................... 8

Where to Take the Knowledge Test .................................................. 8

The Knowledge Test Content and Format ........................................ 9

Practical Test Standards .................................................................... 9

MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

General ............................................................................................ 10

Student Pilot Flight Training ............................................................11

Student Pilot Requirements: Medical and Student

 Pilot Certificates............................................................................. 14

Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, and Private Pilot

 Knowledge Tests ............................................................................ 18

Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, and Private Pilot

 Practical Tests ................................................................................. 21

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INTRODUCTION

Before you begin flight training, it is important to have a basic understanding

of the responsibilities, safety regulations, and issues applicable to such an

endeavor. This includes the choice of a flight school, selected study

materials, study habits, and the role of the instructor, student, and Federal

Aviation Administration (FAA).

Role of the FAA

Congress empowered the FAA to foster aviation safety by prescribing safety

standards for civil aviation. This is accomplished through the Code of

Federal Regulations (CFRs).

Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61 pertains to

the certification of pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors. This

prescribes the eligibility, aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency, and

experience required for each type of pilot certificate issued.

Flight Standards District Offices (FSDOs)

Throughout the world, the FAA has approximately 100 Flight Standards

District Offices and International Field Offices, commonly referred to as

“FSDOs” and “IFOs.” Through these offices, information and services are

provided for the aviation community. In the U.S., FSDO phone numbers

are listed in the blue pages of the telephone directory under United States

Government Offices, Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation

Administration. Another convenient method is using the FSDO Locator

available on the Regulatory Support Division’s web site.

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600

Most Frequently Asked Questions

The Most Frequently Asked Questions section on page 10 of this guide,

lists typical questions, with answers, asked by student pilots. If your

question is not answered, we suggest that you contact your local FSDO.

The FSDO will be able to furnish current information regarding changes

in procedures or revisions to regulations.

1
Choosing a Flight School

Most airports have facilities for flight training conducted by flight schools

or individual flight instructors. A school will usually provide a wide variety

of training material, special facilities, and greater flexibility in scheduling.

Many colleges and universities also provide flight training as a part of

their curricula.

There are two types of flight schools catering to primary general aviation

needs. One is normally referred to as a certificated “part 141 school” and

the other as a “part 61 school.” A part 141 school has been granted an Air

Agency Certificate by the FAA. The certificated schools may qualify for a

ground school rating and a flight school rating. In addition, the school may

be authorized to give their graduates practical (flight) tests and knowledge

(computer administered written) tests. AC 140-2HH, FAA Certificated Pilot

Schools Directory, lists certificated ground and flight schools and the pilot

training courses each school offers. For ordering information, refer to the

How to Obtain Study Materials section on page 6 of this guide. Another

convenient method is through the Internet at the FAA’s Regulatory and

Guidance Library web site.

http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/

rgAdvisoryCircular.nsf/

Enrollment in a certificated school usually ensures quality and continuity

of training. These schools meet prescribed standards with respect to

equipment, facilities, personnel, and curricula. Many excellent flight

schools find it impractical to qualify for the FAA part 141 certificate and

are referred to as part 61 schools. One difference between a part 141 school

and a part 61 school is that fewer flight hours are required to qualify for a

pilot certificate in a part 141 certificated school. The requirement for a

private pilot certificate is 40 hours in a part 61 school and 35 hours in a

part 141 certificated school. This difference may be insignificant for a

private pilot certificate because the national average indicates most pilots

require 60 to 75 hours of flight training.

The FSDO will provide information on the location of pilot training

facilities in your area. A current file is maintained on all schools within

each FSDO’s district. You make the decision on where to obtain flight

training. You may want to make a checklist of things to look for in a school.

Talking to pilots and reading articles in flight magazines can help you in

making your checklist and in the evaluation of a training facility.

2
Your choice of a flight school might depend on whether you are planning

to obtain a sport pilot certificate, recreational pilot certificate, private pilot

certificate, or whether you intend to pursue a career as a professional pilot.

Another consideration is whether you will train part time or full time.

Do not make the mistake of making your determination based on financial

concerns alone. The quality of training you receive is very important. Prior

to making a final decision, visit the school you are considering, and talk

with management, instructors, and students. Evaluate the items on the

checklist you developed, and then take time to think things over before

making your decision.

Ground and flight training should be obtained as regularly and frequently

as possible. This assures maximum retention of instruction and the

achievement of requisite proficiency.

The Role of the Instructor

The student pilot’s training program depends upon the quality of the ground

and flight training received. An instructor should possess an understanding

of the learning process, a knowledge of the fundamentals of teaching, and

the ability to communicate effectively with the student pilot. During the

certification process, a flight instructor applicant is tested on a practical

application of these skills in specific teaching situations. The quality of

instruction, and the knowledge and skills acquired from your flight

instructor will affect your entire flying career whether you plan to pursue

it as a vocation or an avocation.

What Flight Training Requires

A course of instruction should include the ground and flight training

necessary to acquire the knowledge and skills required to safely and

efficiently function as a certificated pilot. Whether you attend a part 141

or part 61 school or obtain the services of an individual flight instructor,

the specific knowledge and skill areas for each category and class of aircraft

are outlined in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).

Refer to 14 CFR part 61, subpart J for the requirements of a sport pilot

certificate. Refer to 14 CFR part 61, subpart D for the requirements of a

recreational pilot certificate. Refer to 14 CFR part 61, subpart E for the

requirements of a private pilot certificate.

3
Instructor and Student Relationship

The FAA has adopted an operational training concept that places the full

responsibility for student training on the flight instructor. In this role, the

flight instructor assumes total responsibility for training you to meet the

standards required for certification within an ever-changing operating

environment.

Like anything else in life, the more you educated yourself and are aware of

what is expected of you and others, the more control you have of your

goal’s outcome. Research the avenues open to you. Get impartial opinions

of the flight school and/or instructor you intend to employ.

The flight instructor will provide you guidance, and arrange for your

academic and flight training lessons. These lessons are presented in a logical

manner to achieve desired goals. After each flight, the flight instructor

will review the day’s lesson. This will be the time to clear up any questions.

It is important that misconceptions be clarified while the subject is still

fresh in mind.

Medical Requirements

Pilots, except those who fly gliders or free air balloons, must possess a

valid medical certificate in order to exercise the privileges of their airman

certificates. Sport pilots must possess either a valid third-class medical

certificate or a valid driver’s license.

The periodic medical examination required for medical certification is

conducted by designated aviation medical examiners, who are physicians

with a special interest in aviation safety and have training in aviation

medicine.

The standards for medical certification are contained in 14 CFR part 67.

The requirements for obtaining medical certification are contained in 14

CFR part 61.

Prior to beginning flight training, a flight instructor should interview you

about any health conditions and determine your goal as a pilot. Good advice

would be to obtain the class of medical certificate required, for the certificate

level you ultimately want, before beginning flight training. Finding out

immediately whether you are medically qualified could save time and

money.

4
If you do have physical limitations, such as impaired vision, loss of a limb,

or hearing impairment it is possible you could be issued a medical certificate

valid for “Student Pilot Privileges Only.” This kind of medical certificate

will allow you to continue flight training and to prepare for the pilot

certification practical test. During training, flight instructors should ensure

that you can safely perform all required TASKs that pertain to the required

standards. Special devices may be necessary to allow you to manipulate

the flight controls. If you are unable to perform certain TASKs, you may

have a limitation placed on your pilot certificate. For example, hearing

impairment would require the limitation “Not Valid for Flight Requiring

the Use of Radio.” Another limitation may allow the pilot to only operate

a certain make and model airplane, such as one without rudder pedals.

Knowledge Tests

Communication between individuals through the use of words is a

complicated process. In addition to being an exercise in the application

and use of aeronautical knowledge, a knowledge test is also an exercise in

communication since it involves the use of written language. Since the

tests involve written rather than spoken words, communication between

the test writer and the person being tested may become a difficult matter if

both parties do not exercise care. For this reason, considerable effort is

expended to write each question in a clear, precise manner.

Preparing to Study for the Knowledge Test

Your instructor will direct you to the textbooks and other sources of training

and testing materials that are available from the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, and the Regulatory Support

Division’s web site.

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600

Your instructor may use commercial publications as a source of study

materials, and these materials may be desirable, especially for aircraft

categories where government materials are limited.

5
Study Materials

The FAA develops and makes available to the public various sources of

aeronautical information. Some of this information is free; other information

is available at a nominal cost. Of particular interest and value to those

persons getting started in flying are: FAA-H-8083-27A, Student Pilot Guide;

FAA-H-8083-3, Airplane Flying Handbook; FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s

Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge; Aeronautical Information Manual

(AIM); and Practical Test Standards (PTSs). In addition, many aviation

publications are available from commercial sources.

Suggested Study Materials

 14 CFR parts 1, 61, 67, and 91

 Aeronautical Information Manual

 AC 00-6, Aviation Weather

 AC 00-45, Aviation Weather Services

 FAA-H-8083-1, Pilot’s Weight and Balance

 FAA-H-8083-3, Airplane Flying Handbook

 FAA-H-8083-11, Balloon Flying Handbook

 FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook

 FAA-H-8083-21, Rotorcraft Flying Handbook

 FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

 FAA-S-8081-3, Recreational Pilot Practical Test Standards

 FAA-S-8081-14, Private Pilot Practical Test Standards (Airplane)

 FAA-S-8081-29, Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards (Airplane,

Gyroplane, Glider and Flight Instructor)

 FAA-S-8081-30, Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards (Airship,

Balloon, and Flight Instructor)

 FAA-S-8081-31, Sport Pilot Practical Test Standards (Weight Shift

Control, Powered Parachute, and Flight Instructor)

 FAA-S-8081-32, Private Pilot Practical Test Standards (Powered

Parachute and Weight Shift Control)

 www.faasafety.gov

How to Obtain Study Materials

The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material

and questions banks for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained

from the Regulatory Support Division’s web site.

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600

6
AC 00-2, Advisory Circular Checklist, transmits the status of all FAA

advisory circulars (ACs), as well as FAA internal publications and

miscellaneous flight information, such as Aeronautical Information Manual,

Airport/Facility Directory, practical test standards, and other material

directly related to a certificate or rating. AC 00-2 is accessible through the

Internet at the following address.

http://www.faa.gov/aba/html_policies/ac00-2.html

The Airport/Facility Directory and Aeronautical Charts are available on a

subscription or one time basis from the following:

U.S. Department of Transportation

Federal Aviation Administration

National Aeronautical Charting Office Distribution Center

Greenbelt, MD 20770-1479

1-800-638-8972

http://www.naco.faa.gov

The National Transportation Safety Board Regulation Part 830 is available

free of charge from the following:

National Transportation Safety Board

ATTN: Public Inquiry

490 L’Enfant Plaza East, S.W.

Washington, DC 20594.

Most airport fixed base operators and flight schools carry a variety of

Government publications and charts, as well as commercially published

materials.

How to Study for the Knowledge Test

You should follow your instructor’s advice on what and when to study.

You should recognize the advantages of planning a definite study program

and following it as closely as possible. Haphazard or disorganized study

habits usually result in an unsatisfactory score on the knowledge test.

The ideal study program is to enroll in a formal ground school course.

This offers the advantages of a school with professional instructors, as

well as facilities and training aids designed for pilot instruction. Many of

these schools use audiovisual aids to supplement classroom instruction or

provide individual computer-based instruction.

7
For the applicant who is unable to attend a school, the self-study method

can be satisfactory, provided the proper study materials are obtained, and

a reasonable amount of time is devoted to study. The applicant should

establish realistic periodic goals, and equally important, a target date for

completion. Self-discipline is important because it is too easy to “put off”

the study period for some other activity.

Study Habits

The use of a training syllabus is an effective way for the flight instructor to

lead you through the proper steps in learning to fly safely.

When beginning flight training, the development of good study habits

includes the practice of visualizing the flight instructor’s explanation plus

those of the textbook.

Study habits should include time spent with cockpit familiarization. This

includes reviewing checklists, identifying controls, and learning the cockpit

arrangement.

When to Take the Knowledge Test

Experience has shown that the knowledge test is more meaningful to the

applicant, and is more likely to result in a satisfactory grade, if it is taken

after beginning the flight portion of the training. For optimum benefit, it is

recommended that the knowledge test be taken after the student has

completed a solo cross-country flight. The operational knowledge gained

by this experience can be used to the student’s advantage in the knowledge

test. Your instructor will be the best indicator of your preparedness for the

test.

Where to Take the Knowledge Test

FAA-Designated Computer Testing Centers have been certificated to

administer FAA knowledge tests. Applicants will be charged a fee for the

administration of FAA knowledge tests. Test registration numbers and a

complete list of test centers can be downloaded from the Regulatory Support

Division’s web site.

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600

8
Contact your local FSDO to obtain information concerning an FAADesignated Computer Testing Center in your area.

Note: If you are enrolled in a part 141 school with test examining authority,

the school will administer the knowledge test during the curriculum.

The Knowledge Test Content and Format

The knowledge test contains questions of the objective, multiple-choice

type. This testing method conserves the applicant’s time, eliminates any

element of individual judgment in determining grades, and saves time in

scoring.

Practical Test Standards

The flight proficiency maneuvers listed in 14 CFR part 61 are the standard

skill requirements for certification. They are outlined in the practical test

standards (PTSs) as “AREAS OF OPERATION.” These AREAS OF

OPERATION are phases of the practical test arranged in a logical sequence

within the standard. They begin with “Preflight Preparation” and end with

“Postflight Procedures.” Roman numerals preceding each AREA OF

OPERATION relate to the corresponding AREAS OF OPERATION

contained in the regulation.

Each AREA OF OPERATION contains “TASKs,” which are comprised of

knowledge areas, flight procedures, and/or flight maneuvers appropriate

to the AREA OF OPERATION. You are required to demonstrate knowledge

and proficiency in ALL TASKs for the original-issuance of all pilot

certificates.

You should obtain a copy of the practical test standard appropriate to the

pilot certificate that you plan to acquire. This will enable you to know

exactly what is expected on the practical test. Practical test standards can

be obtained from the Regulatory Support Division’s web site.

http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600

9
MOST FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

General

1. Q. Is it difficult to fly an aircraft?

A. No. It is not particularly difficult. As a beginning student pilot, you will

do most of the actual flying (handling the controls of the aircraft).

2. Q. When may I begin to fly?

A. Immediately. However, you will need to apply for certain certificates,

as described in this guide, in preparation for solo flight.

3. Q. Is flying safe?

A. A well-built and maintained aircraft, flown by a competent and prudent

pilot, makes flying as safe or safer than many other forms of transportation.

4. Q. If engine failure occurs, what will happen?

A. Modern aircraft engines are very reliable, and complete engine failure

is a rare occurrence. If the improbable does happen, you will not “fall out

of the sky.” Just do what the instructor had you practice during lessons—

select a good landing area and land.

10
Student Pilot Flight Training

1. Q. What are the eligibility requirements for a student pilot?

A. The specific aeronautical experience requirements are outlined in 14

CFR part 61. For the student pilot certificate requirements, refer to subpart

C section 83.

2. Q. Where can I obtain my ground and flight school training?

A. Most airport operators can furnish this information, or you may contact

the nearest FSDO.

3. Q. Is there a set number of flight instructional hours I will receive before

I solo?

A. No. The instructor will not allow you to solo until you have learned to

perform certain maneuvers. These maneuvers include safe takeoffs and

landings. You must be able to maintain positive control of the aircraft at

all times and to use good judgment.

4. Q. What should I know about Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations

(14 CFR) prior to my first solo?

A. Your flight instructor will determine that you are familiar with

appropriate portions of 14 CFR part 61, the general and visual flight rules

of 14 CFR part 91, and will administer and grade a presolo written test

prior to solo endorsement. The presolo written test will also include

questions on the flight characteristics and operational limitations of the

make and model aircraft to be flown.

5. Q. What does an appropriate logbook endorsement for solo mean?

A. It means a verification by an authorized flight instructor showing that

on the date specified, the student was given dual instruction and found

competent to make solo flights.

11
6. Q. When is the first solo endorsement required?

A. A student pilot must have a first solo endorsement dated within 90 days

prior to any solo flight.

7. Q. What is the difference between a recreational pilot certificate and a

private pilot certificate?

A. The recreational pilot has fewer privileges than the private pilot. The

holder of a recreational pilot certificate is allowed to fly an aircraft within

50 nautical miles from the airport where instruction was received and

cannot operate in airspace where communications with air traffic control

are required. Since qualification training in these areas is not required, a

person should be able to obtain a recreational pilot certificate in fewer

flight hours than required for a private pilot certificate. All privileges and

limitations of the recreational pilot certificate are listed in 14 CFR part

61, section 101.

8. Q. Where can I get information about the Sport Pilot Program?

A. Sport pilot enthusiasts may find information on the Regulatory Support

Division’s web site at http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/

avs/offices/afs/afs600 in the Light Sport Aviation Branch’s (AFS-610) area.

9. Q. Does a student pilot automatically have the privilege of cross-country

flying after soloing?

A. No. An instructor must have reviewed the pilot’s preflight planning and

preparation for solo cross-country flight and determine that the flight can

be made safely under the known circumstances and conditions. The

instructor must endorse the student pilot’s logbook prior to each crosscountry flight, stating the pilot is considered competent to make the flight.

Under certain conditions, an instructor may authorize repeated solo flights

over a given route.

10. Q. As a student pilot, am I permitted to carry passengers prior to receipt

of my recreational pilot certificate or private pilot certificate?

A. No.

12
11. Q. Must I have a Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

radiotelephone operator’s permit to operate an aircraft radio transmitter?

A. No.

12. Q. For the purpose of obtaining an additional certificate or rating, may

the holder of a recreational pilot certificate act as pilot in command on

flights: (1) between sunset and sunrise; and (2) in airspace which requires

communication with air traffic control?

A. Yes, provided an authorized flight instructor has given the recreational

pilot the required ground and flight training in these areas, and endorsed

the pilot’s logbook. The recreational pilot will be required to carry the

logbook with the required endorsements on such flights.

13.Q. How can the holder of a sport or recreational pilot certificate ensure

that no inadvertent entry is made into airspace requiring communication

with air traffic control?

A. The pilot must select readily identifiable landmarks that are well beyond

the boundaries of the airspace requiring communication with air traffic

control. During training, instruction in identification of airspace requiring

communication with air traffic control will be provided.

13
Student Pilot Requirements: Medical and Student Pilot

Certificates

1. Q. When do I need a student pilot certificate?

A. Prior to solo flight.

2. Q. How do I obtain a student pilot certificate?

A. Student pilot certificates may be issued by an FAA Inspector or an FAADesignated Pilot Examiner. Upon your request, a combination medical

certificate and student pilot certificate will be issued by an FAA-Authorized

Aviation Medical Examiner upon the satisfactory completion of your

physical examination. Applicants who fail to meet certain requirements or

who have physical disabilities, which might limit, but not prevent, their

acting as pilots should contact their local FSDO.

3. Q. If I only want to be a sport pilot how do I obtain a student pilot

certificate?

A. Sport pilot applicants who intend to fly without attaining a medical, but

who will fly on the basis of a valid driver’s license will only get a student

pilot certificate issued by an FAA Inspector or FAA-Designated Pilot

Examiner.

4. Q. If I have had a medical certificate denied can I just get a sport pilot

certificate and fly on the basis of my driver’s license?

A. No, The only way to fly as a sport pilot on the basis of a driver’s license

in lieu of a medical certificate is if your LAST FAA-medical was not denied.

5. Q. Where can I get more information about the sport pilot arena?

A. Sport pilot enthusiasts may find information on the Regulatory Support

Division’s web site at http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/

headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/afs600 in the AFS-610 area.

14
6. Q. What are the requirements for a student pilot certificate?

A. To be eligible for a student pilot certificate, a person must:

(1) be at least 16 years of age, except for the operation of a glider or balloon,

in which case the applicant must be at least 14 years of age; and

(2) be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.

7. Q. How long are my student pilot and medical certificates valid?

A. The student pilot certificate will expire at the end of the 24th month

after the month in which it was issued. The third-class medical certificate

will expire at the end of the 36th month after the month in which it was

issued. A medical certificate issued after the age of 40, expires at the end

of the 24th month in which it was issued.

8. Q. Can my student pilot certificate be renewed?

A. No, but a new student pilot certificate may be issued by an:

(1) FAA-Authorized Aviation Medical Examiner, upon completion of the

required examination; or

(2) FAA Inspector or FAA-Designated Pilot Examiner if you already hold

a valid medical certificate or if you are not required to hold a medical

certificate.

9. Q. If my original student pilot certificate has been endorsed for solo, do

I lose this endorsement on my new certificate?

A. The endorsements are still valid, but are not transferred to the new

certificate. Retain the old certificate as a record of these endorsements.

10. Q. Should my flight instructor endorse my student pilot certificate

before or after my first solo flight?

A. The endorsement on the student pilot certificate certifying that the holder

is competent to solo must be made by the flight instructor prior to the first

solo flight.

15
11. Q. If I solo in more than one make and model aircraft, must I have an

endorsement for each on my student pilot certificate?

A. Yes. Your flight instructor must make this endorsement prior to the first

solo flight in each make and model aircraft.

12. Q. Does the endorsement to solo permit me to make solo cross-country

flights?

A. No. Your flight instructor must specifically endorse your student pilot

certificate to permit cross-country flights.

13. Q. Must I carry my student pilot certificate when I am piloting an

aircraft in solo flight?

A. Yes. The certificate should be in your physical possession or readily

accessible.

14. Q. Is there a charge for the student pilot certificate?

A. When the student pilot certificate is issued by a FSDO there is no charge.

An FAA-Designated Pilot Examiner is allowed to charge a reasonable fee

for issuing Student Pilot Certificates, and processing the necessary reports.

The FAA-Authorized Aviation Medical Examiner will charge a fee for the

physical examination in connection with issuing the combination medical

and student pilot certificate.

15. Q. When do I need a medical certificate?

A. Except for sport pilot applicants, you will need a medical certificate

prior to solo flight if you are operating an airplane, helicopter, gyroplane,

or airship. It is suggested you obtain your medical certificate prior to

beginning flight training. This will assure you are aware of any condition

that could prevent you from obtaining a medical certificate prior to making

a financial investment in flight training.

16. Q. If required, how do I get a medical certificate?

A. By passing a physical examination administered by a doctor who is an

FAA-Authorized Aviation Medical Examiner.

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17. Q. Where do I get my medical certificate?

A. From any FAA-Authorized Aviation Medical Examiner. There are

numerous doctors who are FAA-Authorized Aviation Medical Examiners.

18. Q. Where can I get a list of FAA-Authorized Aviation Medical

Examiners?

A. The FAA lists a directory on the Internet on the Civil Aeromedical

Institute’s web site.

www.faa.gov/pilots/amelocator/

19. Q. When required, what class of medical certificate must a student

pilot have?

A. Third-class, although any class will suffice. Medical certificates are

designated as first-class, second-class, or third-class. Generally, the firstclass is designed for the airline transport pilot; the second-class for the

commercial pilot; and the third-class for the student, recreational, and

private pilot.

20. Q. If I have a physical disability, is there any provision for obtaining a

medical certificate?

A. Yes. Medical certificates can be issued in many cases where physical

disabilities are involved. Depending upon the certificate held and the nature

of the disability, operating limitations may be imposed. If you have any

questions, contact an FAA-Authorized Aviation Medical Examiner prior

to beginning flight training.

21. Q. Must I have my medical certificate, when I am piloting an aircraft

in solo flight?

A. Yes. The certificate should be in your physical possession or readily

accessible.

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Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, and Private Pilot Knowledge

Tests

1. Q. What is the age requirement to take the sport pilot, recreational pilot,

or private pilot knowledge test?

A. An applicant must be at least 15 years of age to take the test, although

applicants for the balloon or glider tests must be 14 years of age. Prior to

taking the knowledge test, an applicant shall be asked to present a birth

certificate or other official documentation as evidence of meeting the age

requirement.

2. Q. What aircraft can I fly as a sport pilot?

A. You are limited to flying an aircraft that meets the definition of a lightsport aircraft (LSA). An LSA is any certificated aircraft that meets the

following performance parameters:

1,320 pounds Maximum Gross Weight (1,430 pounds for seaplanes)

45 knots (51 mph) Max Landing Configuration Stall

120 knots (138 mph) Max. Straight & Level

Single or Two seat Aircraft

Fixed Pitch or Ground Adjustable Propeller

Fixed Landing Gear (except for amphibious aircraft)

3. Q. What are the restrictions on a sport pilot?

A. Sport pilots cannot make flights:

• at night;

• in controlled airspace unless you receive training and a logbook

endorsement;

• outside the U.S. without advance permission from that country(ies);

• for the purpose of sight-seeing with passengers for charity fundraisers;

• above 10,000' MSL;

• when the flight or surface visibility is less than 3 statute miles;

• unless you can see the surface of the Earth for flight reference;

• in LSA with a maximum speed in level flight with maximum

continuous power (Vh

) of greater than 87 knots (100 mph), unless you

receive training and a logbook endorsement;

• if the operating limitations issued with the aircraft do not permit that

activity;

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• contrary to any limitation listed on the pilot’s certificate, U.S. driver’s

license, FAA medical certificate, or logbook endorsement(s); and

• while carrying a passenger or property for compensation or hire (no

commercial operations).

4. Q. How should I prepare for the knowledge test?

A. To adequately prepare for the knowledge test, your instructor should

review with you:

(1) 14 CFR part 61, section 97 (if preparing for the recreational pilot

knowledge test);

(2) 14 CFR part 61, section 105 (if preparing for the private pilot knowledge

test); or

(3) 14 CFR part 61, section 309 (if preparing for the sport pilot knowledge

test).

The regulations require an applicant to have logged ground training from

an authorized instructor, or to present evidence of having satisfactorily

completed a course of instruction or home-study course in the knowledge

areas appropriate to the category and class aircraft for the rating sought.

5. Q. What document or documents must I present prior to taking a

knowledge test?

A. An applicant for a knowledge test must present appropriate personal

identification. The identification must include a photograph of the

applicant, the applicant’s signature, and the applicant’s actual residential

address (if different from the mailing address). This information may be

presented in more than one form. The applicant must also present one of

the following:

(1) A certificate of graduation from an FAA-approved pilot school or pilot

training course appropriate to the certificate or rating sought, or a

statement of accomplishment from the school certifying the satisfactory

completion of the ground-school portion of such a course.

(2) A written statement or logbook endorsement from an FAA-Certificated

Ground or Flight Instructor, certifying that the applicant has satisfactorily

completed an applicable ground training or home-study course and is

prepared for the knowledge test.

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(3) A certificate of graduation or statement of accomplishment from a

ground-school course appropriate to the certificate or rating sought

conducted by an agency, such as a high school, college, adult education

program, the Civil Air Patrol, or an ROTC Flight Training Program.

(4) A certificate of graduation from a home-study course developed by the

aeronautical enterprise providing the study material. The certificate of

graduation must correspond to the FAA knowledge test for the certificate

or rating sought. The aeronautical enterprise providing the course of study

must also supply a comprehensive knowledge test, which can be scored as

evidence that the student has completed the course of study. When the

student satisfactorily completes the knowledge test, it is sent to the course

provider for scoring by an FAA-Certificated Ground or Flight Instructor.

The instructor personally evaluates the test and attests to the student’s

knowledge of the subjects presented in the course. Upon satisfactory

completion, a graduation certificate is sent to the student.

(5) In the event of retesting after a failure, the applicant must present the

unsatisfactory Airman Test Report. If the applicant elects to retest for a

higher score, the satisfactory Airman Test Report must be surrendered to

the test administrator.

6. Q. If I fail the knowledge test, is there any way to determine the areas in

which I need additional work, so I can study for a retest?

A. Yes. You will receive an Airman Test Report from the testing center. The

test report will contain your test score and will also list topic and content

descriptions for the areas in which you were deficient.

7. Q. If I pass the knowledge test, will I receive the same information

concerning areas in which I need additional work as I would if I failed the

test?

A. Yes. (Refer to the previous answer.)

8. Q. How long is a satisfactorily completed knowledge test valid?

A. 2 years. A satisfactorily completed knowledge test expires at the end of

the day of the 24th month after the month in which it was taken. If a practical

test is not satisfactorily completed during that period, another knowledge

test must be taken.

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Sport Pilot, Recreational Pilot, and Private Pilot Practical

Tests

1. Q. Prior to taking the practical test, what aeronautical experience must I

have?

A. The specific aeronautical experience requirements are outlined in 14

CFR part 61.

(1) 14 CFR 61, subpart J, section 313 for the sport pilot certificate

requirements.

(2) 14 CFR part 61, subpart D, section 99 for the recreational pilot

certificate requirements.

(3) 14 CFR part 61, subpart E, section 109 for the private pilot certificate

requirements.

2. Q. Must I provide the aircraft for my practical test?

A. Yes. An applicant must provide an airworthy aircraft with equipment

relevant to the AREAS OF OPERATION required for the practical test.

3. Q. What papers and documents must I present prior to my practical test?

A. The applicant will be asked to present:

(1) FAA Form 8710-1(8710.11 for sport pilot applicants), Application for

an Airman Certificate and/or Rating, with the flight instructor’s

recommendation;

(2) an Airman Test Report with a satisfactory grade;

(3) a medical certificate (not required for glider or balloon), and a student

pilot certificate endorsed by a flight instructor for solo, solo cross-country

(airplane and rotorcraft), and for the make and model aircraft to be used

for the practical test. (Drivers license or medical certificate for sport pilot

applicants);

(4) the pilot log book records; and

(5) a graduation certificate from an FAA-approved school (if applicable).

The applicant will be asked to produce and explain the:

(1) aircraft’s registration certificate;

(2) aircraft’s airworthiness certificate;

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(3) aircraft’s operating limitations or FAA-approved aircraft flight manual

(if required);

(4) aircraft equipment list;

(5) required weight and balance data;

(6) maintenance records; and

(7) applicable Airworthiness Directives.

4. Q. What pilot maneuvers are required on the practical test, and how will

my performance of these operations be evaluated?

A. If a detailed explanation of the required pilot maneuvers and

performance standards is desired, refer to either the sport pilot, recreational

pilot, or private pilot practical test standards. The practical test standards

may be downloaded free of charge from the Regulatory Support Division’s

web site http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/

afs/afs600 or purchased from the Superintendent of Documents or U.S.

Government Printing Office bookstores. Refer to pages 6 and 7, of this

guide, for directions

5. Q. What is the minimum age requirement for a sport pilot certificate,

recreational pilot certificate, or private pilot certificate?

A. An applicant must be 17 years of age. Although, applicants for the private

pilot glider or free balloon rating may be 16 years of age.

6. Q. When can I take the sport pilot, recreational pilot, or private pilot

practical test?

A. 14 CFR part 61 establishes the ground school and flight experience

requirements for the recreational pilot certificate and private pilot

certificate. However, your flight instructor can best determine when your

qualified for the practical test. Your instructor should take you through a

practice practical test.

7. Q. Where can I take the practical test?

A. Due to the varied responsibilities of the FSDOs, practical tests are

given by pilot examiners designated by FSDOs. You should schedule your

practical test by an appointment to avoid conflicts and wasted time. A list

of examiner names can be obtained from your local FSDO.

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8. Q. Is there any charge for taking the practical test?

A. Since an FAA-Designated Pilot Examiner serves without pay from the

government for conducting practical tests and processing the necessary

reports, the FAA-Designated Pilot Examiner is allowed to charge a

reasonable fee. However, there is no charge for the practical test when

conducted by an FAA Inspector.

9. Q. May I exercise the privileges of my pilot certificate immediately

after passing my practical test or must I wait until I receive the actual pilot

certificate?

A. Yes. After satisfactory completion of the private pilot practical test, the

examiner will issue you a temporary airman certificate. This is a valid

certificate that authorizes you to exercise the privileges of a private pilot

with appropriate ratings and/or limitations. This is an interim certificate

issued subject to the approval of the Federal Aviation Administration

pending the issuance of your permanent certificate. You normally will

receive your permanent certificate within 120 days.

10. Q. Is there a charge for the pilot certificate?

A. No. There is no charge for any original certificate issued by the FAA.

However, fees will be charged by the FAA-Authorized Aviation Medical

Examiner for the medical examination and by the FAA-Designated Pilot

Examiner for conducting the practical test. The FAA does charge to replace

any pilot or medical certificate.

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